337 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/71a12e111240cf03d4c2eb911e48f322.pdf 77aeb20c9c9fe62ab06a2c421f3ff77e PDF Text Text Fundamental Trust All Saints’ Day; Reformation Day Text: Genesis 1:2; Psalm 104:29-30; John 20:22; Acts 2:2 Richard A. Rhem Christ Community Church Spring Lake, Michigan October 31, 1999 Transcription of the spoken sermon There is a word that combines all the scripture lessons - Genesis and Creation, the Spirit of God or the breath of God or the wind of God hovering over the chaos. On the Day of Pentecost, it's a mighty rushing wind that brings new life. In the Psalm, the Psalm that celebrates all living creatures says, "God, when you withhold your breath, they die. When you breath, grant them your Spirit, they live, they are created." In the Gospel, the story of resurrection as John tells it, on the eve of Easter, Jesus breathed on the disciples and said, "Receive the Holy Spirit." Throughout the whole of the scripture, breath and wind symbolize the life-giving, energizing power and presence of God. The wind that cannot be seen, but whose effects one can feel, the wind and the spirit and the breath in Hebrew all the same word, indicating the fact that there is the sense that life and vitality and energy is the consequence of the outflowing of that font of all being breathing life into all that is. On this All Saints Day, I was thinking about death and dying, memory and hope, and yesterday for some reason, uncharacteristically, my eye fell on the obituary section. I never read the obituaries. Someone suggested to me recently that at my age I perhaps ought to because I may show up there. But, I simply don't. Some people always read the obituaries. I never do. But, something caught my eye; it was the death of a person announced as "leaving for the throne of God where she is now at worship," and it went on to speak about the service that would be a celebration of her life and of her eternal salvation. The question that came into my mind as I read that obituary was, "Do you really believe that?" Not, "Is that true or not," but whether those who wrote the obituary really believe it because it struck me that it was almost saying too much, it was almost shouting too loud, it was the kind of thing we do when we're not sure of ourselves, so we keep repeating it to ourselves until we finally believe it. I'm not saying that that was at all the case, but, simply what came to my mind. It seemed like there was too much affirmation of too much certainty about things about which we really don't know. I just wonder whether or not that strong affirmation did not mask a deepseated doubt. © Grand Valley State University   �Fundamental Trust Richard A. Rhem Page 2   I went on, I suppose because of today, to read more of the obituary entries and I found that it was somewhat common to say so and so went to be with the Lord or is in eternal rest or whatever. Those kinds of customs, that kind of language is so deeply rooted in us, it sort of trips off our tongue very easily, without even thinking. Those statements in the obituary underscored in my mind that of which I have become increasingly aware, but affirmed again that the Christian tradition has been very largely "other-worldly," that the big event is somewhere else, some other time, and that there is, it seems to be inevitably, a denigration of this present life and existence, where that focus is so strong on a future, another round, another act, the big event, as I said, a failure to recognize the wonder and the beauty and the grandeur of this present existence. Then, as I got to thinking about that, I started to ask myself all kinds of questions. I wonder, if heaven was the necessary counterpoint to hell, hell being the condition or place, whatever, depending on the imagery, of eternal condemnation for those who do not find their salvation through Jesus Christ. And if I've done away with hell (just a minor move on my part), I wondered whether or not that removed the necessity of heaven. I wonder if heaven was simply that counterpart if you have a system of rewards and punishment and if this life is controlled and well-controlled by ecclesiastical authorities, to have some punch there has to be something at the end. Because, the more I thought about it, the more I recognized in my dealing with people that it's very primal in people, this idea of what's going to happen in the end, or the desire for immortality or the resurrection of the body, or how ever you want to phrase it, something very primal in us, wondering about the mystery of life. Life is such a mystery. I've been with a number of people who breathed their last. What a mystery. There is a person, particularly those who are still cognizant and conscious, and then the last breath. Life is such a mystery, and inevitably, we'll wonder about it and deep down there is that primal need and desire for something more, and I recognize, too, that there is good reason for that whole structure of final judgment because, after all, life is not fair. Some people get away with murder. Some people suffer all their days. Some people leave us too soon. But yet, what is too soon? The spouse of 50 or 60 years? Certainly there are children who die who never have the opportunity to realize all of their marvelous potential. I understand. There are reasons why humankind in its various traditions of faith have had something to say about the end or something more or the final solution. But, as I thought more and more about it, thinking about today and this moment, I thought about how my own understanding and sensitivities have moved in recent years. I just have to tell you, I think you sense it, probably, that for me, the focus has moved so much more from anything beyond to this present moment, enabling me to celebrate this life, to live it with reverence and with awe and wonder-filled amazement, to appreciate this life, this world, this good earth, these human relationships, this present moment to live and to love. That, for me, has become increasingly the focus of my own fascination and attention and passion. © Grand Valley State University �Fundamental Trust Richard A. Rhem Page 3   But, finally, we don't know, do we? It is a mystery, isn't it? I was in the car the other day listening to National Public Radio and a writer read an essay and he began by saying that he had never had a vision or a trembling in his soul or any kind of a spiritual moment like that, and I thought of myself because I've often said to you I've never had a tinkle in my pinkie. But, then he went on to say, "Life is mysterious. Let me tell you about my mother. My mother died recently and when I went home at the point of her death, I visited the neighbor woman who said, 'You know, your mother came over here the day before she died, and she told me this story. She said, "I was in the living room and there was Frank, my husband, and it was all very normal, and I got up and went into the other room and I said, 'Oh, my goodness, he's been gone for eleven years,' She said, 'I rushed back into the living room and he wasn't there.'" The writer said, "My mother lived all of her life knowing that she had an aneurysm that could go at any moment. That night the aneurysm broke and she died peacefully. I don't understand it. Life is more mysterious than we could ever fathom." I would agree. I don't know. I really don't know. But, I know that what has become more important for me increasingly is to live now and to love now and to be aware now, and then to live with fundamental trust over against whatever else may be. Fundamental trust. That's a concept which comes out of child psychology. I think it was Eric Erickson who distinguished fundamental trust from fundamental mistrust. The critical first year of a child, the way a child is handled, cooed over, cherished, makes that child bodily sense that reality can be trusted. I remember Hans Küng in 1983, and I spent some time with him talking about his book Does God Exist?, where he traced modern atheism down to the nihilism of Nietzsche and then he said, "I was trying to make a turn because I didn't want to leave in nihilism, I wanted to make an affirmation of my own faith in God," and he said to make that turn, to get out of the abyss of nihilism, he found the concept of fundamental trust the means by which he began again to build the steps of faith. Fundamental trust is a pre-rational disposition of the heart. It is not to be identified with a belief system in which we have faith. "I believe in the Christian creed," or something like that. It's a pre-rational existence of the heart; it's that which one sets one's heart upon before one even begins to think. It is the setting of the soul. That fundamental trust, it seems to me, is the most precious gift for a human being who lives in the wonder of this life and faces the mystery of death not knowing, but trusting. I put three quotations in your liturgy - Hans Küng, basic, fundamental trust in reality. And then a statement from Eric Fromm who looks at it all and says my © Grand Valley State University �Fundamental Trust Richard A. Rhem Page 4   conclusion is that the human person is alone in the universe. And then a statement by Dag Hammerskjold who says I don't know when it was. I don't even remember answering the question, but at some point I said "Yes" to someone or something and from that moment I know that my life has had meaning. Well, I think what Hammerskjold witnesses to and Küng points to is not even impossible for Fromm because one could live in this universe believing one is alone and bring meaning to it, nonetheless. But, I find myself more comfortable with a rather vague affirmation of fundamental trust. We use the words of Julian of Norwich around here All will be well. All will be well, and all manner of things will be well. We use them with integrity, because all will be well does not mean all will be peaches and cream. All will be well does not mean that any particular faith structure, be it Christian or Jewish or Buddhist, or whatever, that any belief structure is the way it is. All will be well, lived out of fundamental trust, enables me to live today, to celebrate today, to live fully and to love freely, and to trust, to trust, fundamentally to trust, to be deeply settled, to be at home in this world, wide-eyed and awaiting whatever there is beyond this. That is enough for me. © Grand Valley State University � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ad6ebc0dba3ac42e035c021417924511.mp3 ed1893754f397aeda159149a97275601 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard A. Rhem Collection Description An account of the resource Text and sound recordings of the sermons, prayers, services, and articles of Richard Rhem, pastor emeritus of Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, Michigan, where he served for 37 years. Starting in the mid 1980's, Rhem began to question some of the traditional Christian dogma that he had been espousing from the pulpit. That questioning was a first step in a long and interesting spiritual journey, one that he openly shared with his congregation. His journey is important, in part because it is reflective of the questioning, the yearnings, and the gradual revision of beliefs that many persons in this part of the century have experienced and continue to experience. It is important also because of the affirming and inclusive way his questioning was done and his thinking evolved. His sermons and other written and spoken materials together document the steps in his journey as it took a turn in 1985, yet continued to revolve around the framework and liturgies of the Christian calendar. Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Religion Interfaith worship Sermons Sound Recordings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhem, Richard A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/514">Richard A. Rhem papers (KII-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 text/pdf Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Event Reformation Day and All Saints_ Day, Pentecost XXIV Scripture Text Genesis 1:2, Psalm 104:29-30, John 20:22, Acts 2:2 Location The location of the interview Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01_RA-0-19991031 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1999-10-31 Title A name given to the resource Fundamental Trust Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richard A. Rhem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Sermons Relation A related resource Richard A. Rhem - An Archive of Sermons, Prayers, Talks and Stories: http://richardrhem.org/ Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 application/pdf Description An account of the resource A sermon given by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on October 31, 1999 entitled "Fundamental Trust", on the occasion of Reformation Day and All Saints_ Day, Pentecost XXIV, at Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI. Scripture references: Genesis 1:2, Psalm 104:29-30, John 20:22, Acts 2:2. Fundamental Trust Mystery Presence of God https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8a4c417bdb765d956cbd2c28ba093707.jpg c62a00a9f2b131ac14a22ddb7b2ad4c3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_K173-0006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970-07-18 Title A name given to the resource Funkadelic On Stage Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of George Clinton and the band Funkadelic performing at the WCFL Big 10 Summer Music Festival in Chicago, Illinois on July 18, 1970, by Douglas R. Gilbert. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Funkadelic (Musical group) WCFL (Radio station : Chicago, Ill.) Concerts Soldier Field (Chicago, Ill.) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Chicago (inhabited place) 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4ca279fab340931e5722dbe5d0c99f64.jpg 0d0aad3044e32c0c674689958e920906 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_K173-0007 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970-07-18 Title A name given to the resource Funkadelic On Stage Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of George Clinton and the band Funkadelic performing at the WCFL Big 10 Summer Music Festival in Chicago, Illinois on July 18, 1970, by Douglas R. Gilbert. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Funkadelic (Musical group) WCFL (Radio station : Chicago, Ill.) Concerts Soldier Field (Chicago, Ill.) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Chicago (inhabited place) 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/26b48d089332dc2b0e0bddf3f4428809.jpg 93cabab75254540ba5189310de7b8e33 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_K175-0001 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970-07-18 Title A name given to the resource Funkadelic On Stage Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of George Clinton and the band Funkadelic performing at the WCFL Big 10 Summer Music Festival in Chicago, Illinois on July 18, 1970, by Douglas R. Gilbert. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Funkadelic (Musical group) WCFL (Radio station : Chicago, Ill.) Concerts Soldier Field (Chicago, Ill.) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Chicago (inhabited place) 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b804a1f5ce9455994486901a4d7e2c2f.jpg a5bed3f7b0a344d8b009c1a6dda02260 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_K175-0005 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970-07-18 Title A name given to the resource Funkadelic On Stage Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of the band Funkadelic performing at the WCFL Big 10 Summer Music Festival in Chicago, Illinois on July 18, 1970, by Douglas R. Gilbert. In the foreground, a black man in briefs holds his hands up in peace signs while others dance on the floor behind him while the band performs in the background. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Funkadelic (Musical group) WCFL (Radio station : Chicago, Ill.) Concerts Soldier Field (Chicago, Ill.) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Chicago (inhabited place) 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c2f42e022839338b796da88e8347ef60.jpg 99b9f9899c858e1eaec9e2840fa2d26e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_K175-0044 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970-07-18 Title A name given to the resource Funkadelic On Stage Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of the band Funkadelic performing at the WCFL Big 10 Summer Music Festival in Chicago, Illinois on July 18, 1970, by Douglas R. Gilbert. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Funkadelic (Musical group) WCFL (Radio station : Chicago, Ill.) Concerts Soldier Field (Chicago, Ill.) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Chicago (inhabited place) 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/109fafbbc972108e39f06aee66615d3e.jpg c20dbdf826b38f8ba984ecc2e41eb829 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FunnellBob Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974 Title A name given to the resource Funnell, Bob Description An account of the resource Bob Funnell, Golf Coach Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng 1974s https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/47068c2b7dad0e9bcdabc9ac739018b0.mp4 620a54a7f765cbaae4b279894bc7cd94 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/eda209ae8bac8c15fd16f4c1b674c419.pdf 25cb378c48597c3de24fc3ef0e82fac1 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Rex Funnell World War II Total Time: 54:00 Childhood and Pre-Enlistment (00:01) • • • • • • • Born in Whitehall, Michigan in 1916 Father was a barber. Graduated high school in 1933 at age 16 and worked at a grocery store. Worked at the family meat market after his uncle had a stroke. His cousin enlisted in the Air Corps near the beginning of the war. He worked the midnight shift at the factory after the meat market. Was drafted into the Army Training (09:40) • • • • • • • • • • • • Reported for training 10 days after being, on July 16th, 1943. Was sworn in at Fort Custer, Michigan. (10:35) Was then sent to Fort Bragg, North Carolina where he took basic training. He was one of the older men at the camp. Spent 6 months at Fort Bragg, and was then sent to Camp Gruber, Oklahoma where they began training for a mule pack. (15:45) He was then sent to Fort Sill, Oklahoma where he continued mule pack training. (17:00) In training, they had to learn everything there was to know about mules and how to care for them. They then went to Colorado, where they did some training, and then went to California where they trained more. (19:10) They were assigned to headquarters at this point, so they did not have to participate in maneuvers. (20:05) The Army then decided that they only needed one mule pack battalion, so they were shipped to Fort Benning, Georgia and went through basic training again. (22:05) He was trained there to work in the message center, which controlled all of the messages going in and out. He was shipped out in December 1944. Active Duty (24:05) • He was sent to New York and then across the Atlantic on a converted cruise ship. The weather was very rough on the way across. It took them around 14 days to cross. �• (27:10) They landed in Le Havre, France and stayed in a camp with pup tents for around a month. • (28:25) The were loaded into trucks and sent to a village in France near the German border. • (31:05) Their unit was involved in quite a bit of combat. He did not see much, however, as he was in HQ most of the time. • Most of the towns that they encountered were still intact, however the cities were not. • (35:05) As they moved forward through Germany, the fighting got less intense because they were fighting older men and children. • (36:30) Their unit went through Nuremburg, Augsburg, and Munich • (37:35) Their infantry units liberated 2 concentration camps, one of which was in Austria. • (40:00) His unit ended up in Wels, Austria where they met the Russians. • He was in Austria for around a month before he shipped home. He was shipped back because his wife was seriously ill. He shipped from La Havre in France on a victory ship to Boston, Massachusetts. He then went to Camp Atterbury, Indiana where it took him 3 months to be discharged because of a hernia. Post War (47:00) • • Worked at a factory and then attended barber school in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Has stayed in some contact with the men in his unit, but most were from other parts of the US so it was at times difficult. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context FunnellR Title A name given to the resource Funnell, Rex (Interview outline and video), 2009 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Funnell, Rex Description An account of the resource Rex Funnell was born in Whitehall, Michigan and was drafted into the Army during World War II. He was trained initially to work with mules for mountain pack hauling, but his unit's function was changed so they didn't end up working with mules in combat. He worked in the message center for his unit during his time overseas. His unit was in France and Germany during the war. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings United States. Army World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009-06-16 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/7575a27801010a5696a18b08f189edd1.mp3 3eab503fed2e7a35620a47b1370139ad https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d0d01b7c305b87b659fa8468e2b5ff73.pdf f6d175d210373acb5329f37a4bef5f41 PDF Text Text Tradition: Instrument of Continuity and Change From the series: Future Edge Text: Isaiah 43:18-19; Luke 2:34 Richard A. Rhem Christ Community Church Spring Lake, Michigan Reformation Sunday, Pentecost XX, October 25, 1992 Transcription of the spoken sermon Cease to dwell on days gone by and to brood over past history. Here and now I will do a new thing; this moment it will break from the bud. Can you not perceive it? Isaiah 43:18-19 Simeon blessed them and said to Mary his mother, “This child is destined to be a sign which men reject; and you too shall be pierced to the heart.” Luke 2:34 I have a book with me - I always have a book, but someone went out of church a few weeks ago and said that the message had reminded them of this book. They said, “The book is really about business and corporations but there is a connection and I think you would be interested in it.” So I went out and got it as I always do - I’m always willing to chase down a new book. Sort of like Paul said to Timothy, “always learning and never arriving at the truth,” that’s me. But this book is called Future Edge, written by Joel Arthur Barker. It would be particularly good for some of you women and men who are involved in business and corporations, who are out there trying to make a profit and turn a buck. It’s a good book. It’s interesting. Its subtitle is Discovering New Paradigms For Success. Paradigms is a word that was connected with my sermon, because I often talk about paradigms, models, examples, ways of viewing things, setting up structures to visualize that which is invisible, and to deal with that which is intangible. Future Edge deals with paradigms for success. Thomas Khune wrote a book, The Construction of Scientific Revolution, some years ago, and that book chronicles the history of science. He showed that scientists are not these wonderful, marvelous, open-minded people that simply respond to every new piece of data, but, rather, scientists are just like theologians. They resist the truth, they close their minds to new data until they can’t do it any more and the data explodes in their faces. Then they design a new paradigm and then we have a new revolution. Khune caused quite a stir when he talked about the way science has gone bumping and jerking forward because the data finally compel the scientist to admit that the old model doesn’t work any more and that the new model can accommodate more data and move us forward. © Grand Valley State University   �Tradition: Instrument for Continuity and Change Richard A. Rhem Page 2   Hans Küng, the theologian, took that idea and applied it to the church. He recognized that in the history of the church there have been several paradigms the ancient church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Roman Catholic Church, the Roman Catholic Traditionalism, and then there was Protestant Orthodoxy. Then there was Protestant Liberalism. The difference between the church and scientific community was that, when the scientific data demand that there be movement, the old scientific paradigm has to give way and a new paradigm prevails. The church doesn’t have to do that. You just start another church. That’s how it is done. So you have one paradigm in this particular group and this group continues. And you have another paradigm and another group continues. You’ve got all these paradigms and all these groups. You don’t let the data bother you. When you are in the church you don’t let data bother you; it’s “don’t bother me with the facts, my mind’s already made up.” So all these paradigms can live next to each other in the church. But it’s different in the business world. Those of you who are out in the business world are not in the same endeavor as I am. For those of you who are out in the business world, you are not in a non-profit endeavor as I am. Do you know how you know whether you are in trouble? Very simple. The bottom line. You can’t stay in business very long if you are not making a profit. It’s just that simple. And that makes business people marvelously open-minded and flexible, and able to move with the moving cultural themes, with the demands of the times, with the spirit of the age. Business folk are always tuned in to today, always trying to be ahead because, after all, what they are about is making a buck. In order to prosper you have to be ahead of the game. You don’t have to do that in the church. In fact, there are people who moved out of the business world and got into the church or the public sector because in the church and the public sector, (government service, education,) you don’t have to make a profit. You don’t have to be productive or fruitful. If you are in government and it’s not working, you just raise the taxes. In government you are lucky enough to be able to enforce the tax, you see. So what you can do is you can be in debt. Future generations to the third and fourth generations of those who will come to hate us. Four trillion dollars or something. You can enforce the taxation and, as long as you can keep the money coming in, the debt escalates but it functions - it still looks alive. Now you can’t do that in business. That’s why in business people are always trying to understand where things are moving and what is happening. Someone else saw a paradigm and thought of me and gave me this seminar announcement, called Paradigm Shifting. People resist change. New ideas most often come from the fringe, the unexpected places. They are often rejected by the best-intentioned decision makers. The models we live by every day may be the very roadblocks that prevent our businesses from progressing and staying ahead of competition. Our models filter information, often preventing us from seeing opportunities vital to the creating or improving of products and services. What do we do when our models become counterproductive and must be altered? In © Grand Valley State University �Tradition: Instrument for Continuity and Change Richard A. Rhem Page 3   business you change because you’ve got to turn a profit or you are going to be out of business. In government you can add some more taxes. That’s what we have tried in churches too. The Reformed Church in America is raising the assessment every year because, when things aren’t working and people aren’t supporting spontaneously and don’t really have that feeling that this is really where things are, then you assess. What you don’t get voluntarily, you assess. The church gets in trouble with assessing. The trouble is, it is not as successful as the government at that because we can’t enforce that. I wish there were a way to enforce that, but I don’t know - we just have to depend on your voluntary good will. It’s a terrible way to live for me, but anyway - the church is somewhere between the government and business. In business you change “by cracky.” I mean you are not locked into anything forever if it’s not working. In the government you can keep going for a long time in a wrong path as long as you’ve got the enforcement to raise the revenue. The church is somewhere in between. We’ve got a special problem too. We have our structures and our forms, our liturgical forms and our doctrinal statements, etc. They are not simply something that arose at one time because they worked well or they said it well; they are identified in our minds with God and with truth. So that’s why in the church we perpetuate these forms even when they no longer are really doing it. We kind of cover it over with a cloak of piety, and, if it’s not working any more and people are dropping off or aren’t supporting, we tend to say that people are hard hearted or unspiritual, or they are not as good as they used to be, or they don’t care any more. That’s not true, of course. But it makes us feel good if our numbers are falling off, etc. I’m talking about the larger church now. Denominations are really in trouble. The Reformed Church in America is in trouble. We are trying desperately to find some way to shore up the structures. We try a little harder. We run a little faster. Of course that doesn’t work. You just get out of breath. But the Reformed Church in America is not unique. The denominations generally in this country are in trouble. The reason they are in trouble is that they are yesterday’s forms and structures that cannot do what needs to be done today. But in the church we don’t change very easily. We are not in business. If somehow we could find a way to change this whole religion business into a profit-making enterprise, we would be more ready to change. But here we don’t have to change because we can keep the thing going, appear to be living yet, while it is dead - deader than a “dodo.” Then suddenly one day we wake up and we call a conference, like the conference I am going to. I am going to leave here this afternoon and go to Boston to Brandeis University and there is going to be a conference of Protestants, Catholics and Jews at the Center For Modern Jewish Studies, and the subject is “Congregational Affiliation.” Now you know why you call a conference about Congregational Affiliation? It’s because people aren’t affiliating any more. If you are involved in the institution, you have a vested interest in the institution. You © Grand Valley State University �Tradition: Instrument for Continuity and Change Richard A. Rhem Page 4   may even think the institution is valuable. You call a conference and you say, “Let’s not talk theology - Protestants, Catholics and Jews - but let’s talk about synagogues and churches and cathedrals and why people aren’t affiliating like they once did.” We’ve got a problem, in other words. And so we are going to sit down and talk about it, and you only do that when you have a sense of foreboding, and you finally say, “Something isn’t working any more.” Now you know, we probably ought to be the people that are the first in the whole church to offer some word of counsel about openness to newness. We are the heirs of the 16th century Reformation of the Church, and the one insight in the 16th century that is eternally valuable is that insight that nothing is spoken as eternally true, or timeless. The Church in its forms and utterances, in its life, is caught up in history and must always be moving with history and, therefore, it needs constantly to be opening its eyes and cocking its ears to catch what the Spirit is saying to the Church in order that the Church may be tomorrow what it was yesterday. Now you’ve probably heard a lot of Reformation Day sermons in which the big point was that the Church rediscovered justification of faith through grace, or the centrality of the word of God, or the priesthood of all believers. I mean, you’ve probably already heard that in Protestant churches. You might have heard me preach it on occasion, as though, after the 16th century we discovered that. That’s ridiculous. That’s presumptuous. The Catholic Church had grace. The Catholic Church had the Word. It had a lot of other stuff too. But so do we. Eastern Orthodoxy had grace, and it had truth, and it had Christ, and it had sacrament. The 16th century was not the birth of the evangelical church in the sense of some pristine understanding of Christian truth for the first time. The 16th century was a time when the forms shattered and at least part of the Church recognized that what ought to always be true of the Church is that the Church is being re-formed according to the word of God and needs to be constantly being re-formed. That’s our central insight. That’s the thing that has shaped us and characterizes us at our heart. So we ought to be the Church that leads the pack in looking at the world and studying the word of God and seeking to determine what God is calling the Church today and tomorrow. Because we are an historical institution with a human dimension that is constantly moving and, like I said, if it were a matter of raising a buck or two I would take Joel Barker and we’d study “Paradigms for Success,” and we would make all the adjustments necessary in order to get the job done. But, we are not business. And we may not be able to live forever like the government because we can’t just raise the taxes. Sometime or other we are going to have to come face to face with that which is the very heart of our tradition: that we never arrive, but we need constantly to be in the process of being reshaped and reformed in order that we may be all that God would have us to be today and tomorrow, as we have given witness to God’s grace in the past. © Grand Valley State University �Tradition: Instrument for Continuity and Change Richard A. Rhem Page 5   This is our Reformation heritage. And I do believe that it is incumbent upon us, and maybe Christ Community Church to be a catalyst in the larger church to get the attention of the church to say, “We aren’t making it any more. We are losing money.” You know, Stemple may survive. Gehan is in trouble. Something is going to happen there. But in the church it takes a couple of hundred years to come to that awareness. Now, why don’t we get smart and get honest, and be true to our Reformation heritage and recognize that the church is in trouble because it is perpetuating anachronistic structure and giving yesterday’s answers to today’s questions? Well, there are a couple of temptations that we face as human beings who would be the people of God. There is the temptation to inordinate pride where we see the world as a human project and see this past as something that is dependent upon our ingenuity and our capacity, as though God was on vacation or had taken a furlough, or was some kind of blasé observer and spectator of the human scene and not engaged. There are those who would take the stance of aggressive activism, take the bull by the horns, and consequently they become bulls in china shops. As though anything that is going to happen in the Church today and tomorrow is dependent upon human ingenuity and planning and decision making. But there is an equally deadly peril on the other side. And that is kind of a passive resignation, as though one simply has to wait for God to move; as though perhaps, in 16th-century terminology, there is some kind of divine predestination where the whole thing is set anyway and we just sort of twiddle our thumbs and watch it happen without our involvement and our engagement, and the engagement of our minds and of our hearts, and our commitment. No. The Church of Jesus Christ, you and I, are called to be salt in the world and light to the world, to be a catalyst agent to galvanize the people, the larger populace, in the things that are really significant and eternally important. It is for us to hang loosely, knowing our past, but open to the future. It is for us to know our tradition in order that we may negotiate tomorrow. Tradition. The Christian tradition. Our tradition is an instrument for continuity and change. Now to be an instrument for continuity is obvious. For our tradition had shaped us and made us what we are. We know who we are because of where we come from: those who have shaped us - Reformed us - that stream that is issued in us today. So it is obvious that tradition is an instrument of continuity. It gives us rootage. It gives us a place to stand, a sense of identity. Terribly important. We must never play fast and loose with it. We must know it well. We must be steeped in it. But tradition also must be an instrument for change. I never understood that until a year ago, when Krister Stendahl, a New Testament scholar, and David Hartman, a rabbi, who was born in Brooklyn and now is in Jerusalem, had an all day interfaith dialogue in Muskegon. It was a wonderful interfaith dialogue. Krister Stendahl had just spent some time as a bishop of a Lutheran Church in Stockholm. He had been exposed to contemporary Swedish society, and that was so vivid in his experience. But he had relatives in Minnesota where all the © Grand Valley State University �Tradition: Instrument for Continuity and Change Richard A. Rhem Page 6   “Svedes,” except for Karl Lundgren lived. All the Swedes live in Minnesota. (Laughter) He said, “If you would go to Minnesota and you visit the “Svedes” in Minnesota, it’s like seeing them 100 years ago. He said I used to go visit my grandparents. It’s wonderful because you have all these old customs and they still survive, and they are passed along. It’s like a visit to yesterday. But he said, “If you want to know Swedish tradition in its living form, you don’t go to Minnesota. You go to Sweden.” I could have told him, you don’t have to tell me about the Swedes, I can tell you about the Hollanders. (Laughter) I live in a Dutch ghetto in Western Michigan, but I have lived four years in the Netherlands, and I’ll tell you, you wouldn’t know that the one came out of the other. But that is because an immigrant mentality moves out of its location and into another location and it sets in its heels. It builds high walls. It has certain things that it is fleeing, and certain things it wants to preserve, and so it becomes a very well set tradition and it holds on - it is true of Hollanders and Poles and Germans and Swedes, and whomever you want to call. It is a human characteristic. Tradition needs to be living so that it can lead us into the future. Stendahl says if you want an example of tradition as a museum piece, let me tell you about the boa constrictor. Some of you were here years ago when John Greller was our youth director. John Greller as youth director, in order to force discipline, used to keep a boa constrictor on the premises. It had a wonderful calming effect upon the children. (Laughter) A boa constrictor occasionally wiggles out of its skin. And there’s the skin. So Stendahl says, a sociologist grabs the skin and he examines the skin, the texture of the skin, he stuffs the skin, he puts it in a glass case and he says, “There’s a snake.” Stendahl says, “No, it’s not a snake. The snake has wriggled out of its skin and it’s off somewhere calming the children another day. It’s making its new tradition over here.” Now you go to Minnesota if you want to see a museum piece of Swedish tradition; you go to Stockholm if you want to see living Swedish life. (Speaking in accent) “I willa go to-a Minnesota.” I have heard so many people who went to the old country – as I grew up as a Dutch kid, Dutch people who went to the Netherlands – and came back shocked. They couldn’t get back to western Michigan fast enough. That Godless place. And it isn’t even clean any more, they say. But that’s where the Dutch tradition is. Not here. This is a museum piece. Sweden in Minnesota is a museum piece. Living tradition is always where the edge of the community is growing, where its life is moving. Now the Christian Church in large measure has made tradition a museum piece, and we have been in the business of guarding and preserving and perpetuating rather than seeing ourselves as a catalyst in society to move into the future, to help people learn fundamental trust in the God who created, the God of our faithful past who is equal to the future and beckons us because God always goes before us. God is always ahead of us while we are crouching in the bushes trying to protect ourselves. Living tradition is our connection with our past and © Grand Valley State University �Tradition: Instrument for Continuity and Change Richard A. Rhem Page 7   the means by which we can move into the future unafraid - with confident trust in the Eternal God. This Reformation Sunday, we acknowledge that the best insight of the 16th century was that the Church needs constantly to have its ear cocked and its eyes open to see where the Spirit of God is leading it - in the future. This afternoon I will fly to Boston and I will go to Brandeis University to the Center For Modern Jewish Studies and we will convene at 7:00 p.m. The young lady who is organizing the conference called a week ago and she said, “You know, we Jews aren’t too heavy on worship and prayer, and we never even thought about it but we got to thinking that maybe we should have some prayer together.” She said, “We are going to have a Catholic reflection on Tuesday morning, and a Torah service on Monday morning, and would you lead the Protestant worship on Sunday night?” I said, “Yes, I would.” And I thought, it’s Reformation Sunday, it’s to be a Protestant worship, there ought to be a word of God. I said, “Do you have any music?” She said, “No, we don’t have music.” I said, “Well, I’ll be forced to preach.” (Much laughter) So I am going to preach. You want to know what else? Do you have time to hear the sermon? Sure you have. I am going to suggest to this group gathered to study the matter of congregational affiliation – translation: the lack of affiliation – I am going to suggest that what we really need to do on this Reformation Sunday is for us to come from Geneva to go back to Rome. What might have happened if the religious establishment of the 16th century had been open to listen to Martin Luther, to hear what he had to say, to take seriously the critique rather than a defensive posture and cast him out? What might have happened? There might have been no Reformation, because it might not have been necessary. I am going to ask what might have happened if the religious establishment in the 10th century, when the Western Church excommunicated the Eastern Church, had been more concerned about the Gospel and true spirituality than playing power politics. That’s all that the split in the Eastern and the Western Church was about in the 10th century. It was pure, simple, raw power politics. It had nothing to do with truth. I am going to raise the question - What might it be like today if, when Mohammed had his visions in the 7th century and he went to the village 90 miles north of Mecca to plead with the Jewish community to hear him, what might have happened if the Jewish community, the established religious group at the time, had been open to hear his vision rather than cast him out? Out of which casting out arose Islam. And then, I am going to raise the question as to what might have happened if the 1st century Jew, Jesus the Nazarene, had been received as a spokesman of a deep spirituality in the Hebrew tradition rather than as one who was undercutting the tradition of the Hebrew people? Just think about it. What if we could go back from Geneva to Rome, to Constantinople to Mecca and to Jerusalem? I am going to suggest, very simply, this evening that we dismantle it all - Judaism, Islam and Christianity. That we dismantle it all - and start over again as children before one common God and Creator, Redeemer, who calls us to Shalom. © Grand Valley State University �Tradition: Instrument for Continuity and Change Richard A. Rhem Well, it’s a simple proposal isn’t it? (Laughter) © Grand Valley State University Page 8   � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard A. Rhem Collection Description An account of the resource Text and sound recordings of the sermons, prayers, services, and articles of Richard Rhem, pastor emeritus of Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, Michigan, where he served for 37 years. Starting in the mid 1980's, Rhem began to question some of the traditional Christian dogma that he had been espousing from the pulpit. That questioning was a first step in a long and interesting spiritual journey, one that he openly shared with his congregation. His journey is important, in part because it is reflective of the questioning, the yearnings, and the gradual revision of beliefs that many persons in this part of the century have experienced and continue to experience. It is important also because of the affirming and inclusive way his questioning was done and his thinking evolved. His sermons and other written and spoken materials together document the steps in his journey as it took a turn in 1985, yet continued to revolve around the framework and liturgies of the Christian calendar. Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Religion Interfaith worship Sermons Sound Recordings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhem, Richard A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/514">Richard A. Rhem papers (KII-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 text/pdf Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Event Pentecost XX Scripture Text Isaiah 43:18-19, Luke 2:34 Location The location of the interview Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01_RA-0-19921025 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1992-10-25 Title A name given to the resource Future Edge - Tradition: Instrument of Continuity and Change Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richard A. Rhem Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Sermons Relation A related resource Richard A. Rhem - An Archive of Sermons, Prayers, Talks and Stories: http://richardrhem.org/ Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 application/pdf Description An account of the resource A sermon given by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on October 25, 1992 entitled "Future Edge - Tradition: Instrument of Continuity and Change", on the occasion of Pentecost XX, at Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI. Scripture references: Isaiah 43:18-19, Luke 2:34. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives History of the Church Re-imagining the Faith Reformation Tradition https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/85fab6fe71b758fc296fd0860e3139a9.pdf 2d0f1f3dc9e5996037a4204566844efa PDF Text Text EMMET COUNTY MASTER PLAN 1971 �- JI I I I I I FUTURE LAND USE PLAN EMMET COUNTY PLANNING COMMISSION I Emmet County, Michigan I I ,~ I I I April, 1971 Vilican-Leman & Associates, Inc. Community Planning Consultants 29621 Northwestern Highway Southfield, Michigan 48076 I I I I f f r The preparation of this report was financially aided through a Federal Grant from the Department of Housing and Urban Development, under the Urban Planning Assistance Program, authorized by Section 701 of the Housing Act of 1954, as amended, administered by the Michigan Department of Commerce. �CONTENTS 1 INTROD\.JC: ION 2 2 4 ;o, tJL~ ;ICN lRENDS ;~Cc (_;F~OUPS f'fl () JECTIOl\!S 5 OTHE H CHAti.ACTE R IST ICS 6 9 E XIS r1NG LAND USE: 11 12 14 16 16 riESGl.l~li:S . . su;,.s TO?() !~ RAPH / W.C. Tt:R .A.lJ R It. U l Tl JRE 8f:SIDEhl !'I.AL 19 19 20 21 22 26 . UR8.;N DE:'JE LOPM ENT PROCESS CCNCEPTS DEMANDS . Rl:: SI DUl1" IA'._ ARl:::AS PL.AN i=iE:.COMMF:NCA TIONS 28 32 33 34 .i Hi:Or1 ET!C~ t.. l'JEl::D SCHnOL f'L.AN~; RECOMMEND ATIONS 36 37 39 40 f-kCR[,!l.-r ION . . RfUlf:ATIQN Rt.SOU RCES ,_oct.,.!.. NrEDS . . . RECO MM EN D;\ 7" 10NS . �-I ,~ I 1I I I 1I . ,. ··r-.. I I' ,, 'I I -r\ 'l , COMMUNITY FACILITIES COMMUNITY BUILDINGS COURTHOUSE AND JAi L 48 48 49 FAIRGROUNDS MEDICAL FACI LIT! ES 50 51 ROAD COMMISSION LIBRARIES NORTH CENTRAL MICHIGAN COLLEGE 52 53 53 AIRPORTS . . . . . . . . . . WATER AND SEWER UTI LIT! ES LAND FILLS . . FIRE STATIONS 55 59 59 COMMERCIAL . . THREE COUNTY REGION SEASONAL VARIATION IN SALES EXISTING RETA! L CENTERS RETAIL CENTER PLANS 62 62 63 64 65 INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYMENT . . . EXISTING INDUSTRY INDUSTRIAL PLAN 70 70 73 THOROFARES . . . THOROFARESTANDARDS REGIONAL ORIENTATION 79 79 79 THOROFARE DEMANDS THOROFAREPLAN 81 82 FUTURE LAND USE PLAN 88 54 74 �TABLES 1 History of Population Growth (1900-1970) 2. Population Trends: 1930 to 1970 3 4 ' '":ounty Population P:·ojections Sumrnc. ProJections for County Civil Divisions 5. Existing Land Use 6. Countv Soil Resources 7 Selected Farm Ctiaracter 1stics 8. Public School Capacities 9. School B1Jild1ng Data 10. Theoretical School Building Needs 11 . Projected K-12 Public Scho ol DE:mands 12. REcreatI on Land Inventory 13. Local Recreation Needs 14. Seasonal Variation of Comparison Retail Sales 15. 1960 Occupational Ctiaracteristics 16. County industrial Characteristics . 17 . Potential Industrial Land Areas 18. S:reet Classitications and Standards 2 3 5 7 11 13 17 30 31 32 34 39 40 64 71 75 77 81 �'Jr' -,. , ._ -·: I FIGURES POPULATION IN CRITICAL AGE GROUPS . . 3A EXISTING LAND USE . SA SELECTED RESOURCES AND INVENTORY . 10A SOIL RESOURCES . . . . . . . . ·12A TOPOGRAPHY . 14A RESIDENTIAL AREAS PLAN . 22A RECREATION PLAN . 35A SCENIC AND RECREATION INVENTORY . 37A COMMUNITY FACILITIES . 61A . . . . . EXISTING COMMERCIAL LAND USE . 618 MINIMUM CONVENIENCE CENTERS ALANSON CENTER CARP LAKE CENTER . 67A . . . 67B CROSS VILLAGE CENTER . 67C PELLSTON CENTER . -67D POTENTIAL INDUSTRIAL SITES . 75A TRAFFIC FACILITIES AND GENERATORS . 82A THOROFARE PLAN . 86A FUTURE LAND USE PLAN . 87A I, -I I I Ir--\ I I f I I \ I I r I J �COUNTY PLANNING COMMISSION WARD H WALSTROM, Chairman DONALD HODGKISS, Vice Chairman CHAR LES WILLS, Secretary ROBERT CILKE, JR JAMES C ESTERLINE THOMAS FAIRBAIRN SEBERON LITZENBURGER HARRY PINTARELLI ROBERT TRACY COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS HUGH HEYNIG, Chairman HUBERT BACHELOR ROBERT Cl LKE, JR AL FOSTER ROBERTJ GREENWELL ERNEST KUEBLER DONALD D . JARDlf\' ERNST MANTHEI FRANK SCHMALZRIED J. H VvEBSTER E S. WIXSON HARRIET L KILBORN, County Clerk �I 10 I I I I I I I I I I I I I FOREWORD This report summarizes a series of Comprehensive Plan reports prepared for Emmet County, under the terms of both a " 701" Urban Planning Assistance Program and a Farmers Home Administration Comprehensive Water and Sewer Planning Grant. Titled "Future Land Use Plan", this publication embodies the findings and conclusions of twelve plan reports . Following is a list of the supporting plan reports prepared during the course of the program . These contain much of the detailed concepts, data, and alternative plan recommendations considered to be part of this Future Land Use Plan: Grant Program Work Element Date Commercial Economic Base Resource Inventory March, 1969 April , 1969 HUD HUD (part) FHA (part) Land Use Inventory Population Analysis October, 1969 November, 1969 FHA FHA Residential & School Plan January, 1970 HUD Community Facilities Recreation Plan January, 1970 HUD HUD Housing Study (No. 1) March, 1970 March, 1970 HUD Industrial Economic Base Thorofare Plan December, 1970 HUD January, 1971 HUD Housing Study (No . 2) April , 1971 Water and Sewer Plan April, 1970 HUD FHA When application was made for the HUD "701" Planning Assistance Grant, a supplemental planning program was funded by Farmers Home Administration to prepare a County-wide Comprehensive Water and Sewer Plan. The activation of this two-phase planning program resulted in a more comprehensive approach to County planning. This Land Use Plan is more complete because it benefited from I the plans developed under the FHA work . Conversely, the FHA Plan is more complete because of the research completed for this plan . The two programs dovetailed well from a technical point of view, and both were coordinated under the auspices of the Emmet County Planning Commission. -i- [ �-I INTRODUCTION I I I I I I The Emmet County Planning Commission was created by Ordinance under the terms of the County Planning Commission Enabling Act, No 282, of the Public Acts of 1945. With the signature of the then Governor of the State of Michigan, the nine (9) member Commission was officially established on Apr il 26 , 1967 (O rdinance No . 2) . According to the terms of the Enabling Statute, the Commission membership " . .. shall be representative of the important segments of the economic, government and social life and development of the County of Emmet . . . " Guided by the broad language of the Enabling Statute, the County Planning Commission membership represents major areas of interest in Emmet County . Creation of the Emmet County Plann ing Commission was a formal recognition of the need to establish long-range guidelines for development. These guidelines were deemed necessary to coordinate the planning endeavors of rrany County interests, I. government. Hence, the Comprehensive Plan portrays basic development policies ··r\ related to : I. I f I I I I including business, industry, recreation, community services and local Recreation and scen ic resources Industrial patterns Commercial facilities and tourist accommodations Community services Planning and development services Effective traffic ci rcu la ti on Citizen information Work on the Comprehensive Plan began on May 1, 1968, under the financial auspices of a Federal Comprehensive Planning Assistance Grant, funded under Section "701" of the Federal Housing Act. Emmet County provided one-third of the costs in order to participate in the planning program . Or iginally a two-year planning program, funding delays have extended the work over a three-year period, and considerable work remains in the area of development controls (zoning, subdivisions, etc .). -1- �- , POPULATION In November of 1959, a Comprehensive Analysis and Report of Population in Emmet County was prepared with F.H.A. Planning Assistance Funds. The conclusions from that report are summarized and updated herein, so that the findings will properly relate to this Comprehensive Land Use Plan . TRENDS Emmet County's population in 1960 was lower than it was in 1950. Also, the County's population in 1930 was only slightly lower than the 1960 total . However, the 1970 Census reports show a 15.3% increase over 1960. Desp ite this recent gain, the County reached its peak population in 1910. The history of County population change since 1900 is summar ized in TAB LE 1. TABLE 1 HISTORY OF POPULATION GROWTH 1900- 1970 Emmet County t Census Year 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 •....:., lf1u • I 1~~ >.:: I.....: County Population 15,931 18,561 15,639 15,109 15,791 16,534 15,904 18,337 Emmet County's past growth represents a long period of population stability, despite two World Wars, a major depression and other volitile national growth influences. In the decades from 1930 to 1970, the population increased 14.6%, yet the 1910 population was 230 persons higher than in 1970. Emmet County is composed of sixteen Townships ranging in size from 185 citizens to a population of 2,450. The past growth pattern of these communities varied from one another, some increasing gradually while others lost population . • -2- -J. �TABLE 2 illustrates the recent history of population growth among the communities of the County . Only four townships have increased in population in each Census year between 1930 and 1970 These are the townsh ips of Little Traverse, Littlefield, Resort and Springvale. Bear Creek Township and West Traverse Township have experienced consistent growth since 1940. Between 1950 and 1960, eight townships reported population decreases. Since 1960, six townships reported declines. TABLE 2 POPULATION TRENDS: 1930 - 1970 Emmet County & Civil Divisions 60 to 70 Townsh ips : Bear Creek Bl iss Carp Lake Center Cross V illage Friendship Little Traverse Littlefield McKin~ly Maple River Pleasantview Readmond Resort Springvale WaWatam West T raverse Change Number Percent 1930 1940 1950 1960 1,227 399 374 442 323 336 440 691 1,121 538 165 362 656 298 298 270 1,204 421 431 425 290 428 481 835 980 540 207 440 708 371 343 245 1,756 355 524 307 228 297 575 842 845 415 114 352 387 397 319 1,859 298 464 215 140 318 602 906 843 335 198 246 748 467 368 326 591 -16 -25 134 45 78 383 360 -8 80 -74 -12 251 196 63 94 31 8% -54% -5 4% 62 3% 32 .1% -24 .5% 63 6% 39 7% -0 .9% 23 .9% -37 4% -4 .9% 34 9% 42 0% 17 1% 28 8% 2,450 282 439 349 185 240 985 1,266 835 415 124 234 1,009 663 431 420 7,940 8,349 8,440 8,333 1,984 23 8% 10,327 287 1,429 330 1,423 319 1,626 290 1,433 72 229 24 8% 16 0% 362 1,662 283 810 5,740 326 562 6,019 365 442 6,468 336 429 6,138 -6 -1 8% 40 204 9.3% 3 3% 330 469 6,342 7,169 7,442 8,094 7,571 433 5 7% 8,004 15,109 15,791 16,594 15,904 2,427 15 3% 18,331 727 1970 Cities & Villages : * A lanson Harbor Springs *Mackinaw City (pt) *Pellston Petoskey City NOTE : Villages indicated with * are included with their respective Townships, and not added under the category subtotals for ··c1 t1es and villages" �L - ,.- :,..,.. y·~ r:• -;_:;j 1,; __ ·- ~~ l:.~ r :· - r.... ~,J ·- . ·-· .J C.. ....... . :..-"...:....· -; ~ ),:.,........._ .. I;~~- ·- L .J -:~ r·. --r ....~ [_ ' 1•• ~~ i, · , I I ! 50 ~ 40 ---·- EMM E T CO U NTY S TA TE Of 50 MI C HI G AN 40 "' Cl .._ ....., ::, '· C) 0.. 30 30 ., .._" ... ... 20 "'"' "<t "'0.. 10 Cl C, 19.0 9 .3 / ~/,l __,, - ~ __,,/,:j -1/~ /~/41 ....,../41_..,/.A-~,-1 1950 19 50 ..... ....,..~~/,,I ~ ~ ....,.. ~/~/,,I ....,..~~/21 20 -- o~--- 0 1940 1950 1960 UNDER -5 PR E - SCH O OL A GE 1960 19 4 0 15 - 2 4 5 - I4 ELEME N TARY SC H OO L 1960 A GE HI GH 1950 1960 1940 2 5 - 44 S CH OOL FA MIL Y 45 - 6 4 FORM IN G MA T URE FAM ILI ES AN O POPULATION IN CRITICAL EMMET COUNTY 19 4 0 I 65 6 OVE R RETI R E ME NT AGE YOUN G AOUL T S . 10 19 5 0 AGE GROUPS MICHIGAN 1960 ' �Population losses since 1960 occurred in the townships of Bliss, Carp Lake, Friendship, Mc Kinley, Pleasant View, and Readmond Those that experienced increases, exceeded the growth rates of the cities and villages Little T (·averse and Center Townships increased by a rate over 60%. WaWatam Township had the lowest percent increase at 17 .1%, which exceeded the County average of 15.3% . In the order of importance, the largest numerical population gains occurred in Bear Creek Township, Little T raverse "Township, Littlefield Township, Resort Township, Harbor Springs, Petoskey, Springvale Township and Center Township AGE GROUPS Some of the population age group data which characterized Emmet County in 1960 1s described below This data should be re-evaluated when the results of the 1970 Census become available . 1. Pr-eschool Age (Under 5 Years) In 1960, 12 4% of Michigan's population was under five years of age . West Traverse Township had 16% In the order of highest percentage, Springvale, Bear Cr-eek, WaWatam, Resort and F-·iendsh1p Townships also exceeded the State average P:easantv1ew, Center and C'. oss Village Townships reported fewer than 6% of the population 1n this age group 2. School Age to Young Adults (5 to 24 Years) Both the County and S1ate have 33 .7% of the ir population 1n the school age - young adult group . E:even of the 16 townships have higher than average proportions, with Readmond, F~1endship, West T·averse, B;iss, Center, and Resort Townships exceeding 36% 3. Family Forming or Young Labor Force (25 to 44 Years) A consistent population disparity with State averages in northern communities is the family forming or young labor force population groups The S1.ate reported 26 .5% of the 1960 population 1n th is group, v;hile Emmet County reported 21 8% . Only Pleasantview Township exceeds the S 1 ate average, with 53% of the population aged 25 to 44 years In contrast. C· oss Village and Center Townships have less than 16% of their population 1n this age group -4 - �- , (1 . I rn 4. Nearly 21% of the County population is aged 45 to 64 years, which compares closely with the State's proportion of 19.2%. Township proportions range from the low 11.6% in Pleasantview to the high of 26 .5% in Center . In general, Northern Michigan communities have the higher Jq:.:.J IJ In (] li2 ·• -1 ._r-; I] Mature Family Group (45 to 64 years) proportions of mature family aged groups and Emmet County reflects this pattern. 5. Retirement Age Group (65 and over) Emmet County has a significantly higher proportion of retirement age citizens than the State ( 12.1% compared with 8.1%) . Only two townships have percentages lower than the State average: Pleasantview with 3% and Friendship with 7.9% . Cross Village has the highest proportion with 27 .1%. A large proportion of retirement age citizens is also typical of northern area communities. PROJECTIONS r'-, ( (- I ;:_~ For the purposes of the Emmet County Comprehensive Plan, four population projections to 1990 were completed for a 22 year projection period, beginning with 1968. These were done before 1970 Census data was available The results of the various methods are summarized in TABLE 3. .I -_ . TABLE 3 ' ~ l SUMMARY OF COUNTY POPULATION PROJECTIONS EMMET COUNTY :··1I ; : ""' Projection Method I:'. IrJ I~ I,: r . Long-Term Ai·ithmetic Long-Term (Dept of Commerce) Short-Term Arithmetic Short-Term Ratio Apportionment Average • ;__J 1970 1990 Population Projection 15,904 15,904 15,904 15,904 18,331 18,331 18,331 18,331 16,700 18,180 21,890 22,000 19,940 l I ,__, I 1960 Population -5- �If the four projection methods are averaged, the 1990 population would total 19,940 persons. As a general conclusion, the short-range projection techniques appear to be the most accurate in view of the 1970 total population . It the current pace of growth continues, the 1990 "average'' projection figure will be reached by 1980. It was assumed that the Michigan Department of Commerce projections for the Civil Divisions of Emmet County would be reasonable working estimates of future population. These are presented along with the adjusted population for communities in the Petoskey Area on TABLE 4, "Projections for County Civil Divisions." The 1970 population Census strongly indicates that many Civil Divisions are growing more rapidly than the Department of Commerce figures indicate . In any event, it should be recognized that projections for smaller community areas are tenuous and more subject to inaccurate results A lso, the process of apportioning a total County population of less than 20,000 persons among 18 communities is always a questionable procedure With the adjustments made for Petoskey, Bear Creek Township and Resort Township, the total projected 1990 County population is 22,500. This figure will be used for the purposes of the Comprehensive Plan . It is reasonable, but slightly conservative in view of the 242 .7 person per year growth experienced since 1960. OTHER CHARACTERISTICS 1. Commuting Patterns According to the 1960 U.S . Census of Population, 262 workers commuted to jobs outside of Emmet County (5 5% of the employed workers) Comparative commuting rates in adJoinint Counties are: 6 0% 1n Otsego, 7.5% in Cheboygan, and 11.3% in Charlevoix . It may be concluded that a comparatively high rate of persons who work in the County live in the County. Hence, a new employment source in Emmet County will attract employees and families into the County as well . 2. Density For each resident in Emmet County, there are 16.2 acres of land Considerably less per capita area is available when the influx of tourists is included . Based on an analysis of selected residential blocks, density reaches the following levels by community: -6- �TABLE 4 PROJECTIONS FOR COUNTY CIVIL DIVISIONS EMMET COUNTY County Civil Divisions I; ' I: 1960 Population Bear Creek Township Bliss Township Carp Lake Township Center Township Cross Village Township Friendship Township Little Traverse Township Littlefield Township (Alanson) McKinley Township Maple River Township Pleasantview Township Readmond Township Resort Township Springvale Township WaWatam Township West Traverse Township Harbor Springs (City) Petoskey (City) Total County 19901 Projection 1990 Projection2 Adjusted for Petoskey Area Projections 1,859 298 464 215 140 318 602 906 843 335 198 246 748 467 368 326 1,433 6,138 2,630 247 582 94 65 238 770 1,040 810 226 165 150 860 565 450 400 1,750 7,138 5,050 2,380 Low 3,165 Low Low 7,520 15,904 18,180 22,502 Low Low 4,387 Low Low 1Michigan Department of Commerce ProJections. The 1970 U.S. Census provides a basis for re-evaluating the projection results for Civil Divisions. 2Vilican-Leman & Associates, Inc., ProJect1ons for the Petoskey Area Planning Commission, and comments based on 1970 Census findings . -7- '· I..... �Selected Community Land per Dwelling 10,000 sq .ft . 12,500 SQ ft . 7,650 sq ft 15,000 sq ft . 6,600 sq .ft . 9,720 SQ ft . 12,860 SQ ft 6,000 SQ ft . 12,500 sq ft 15,000 sq .ft . Alanson Brutus Conway Cross Village Pellston Levering Oden Pon-she-wa-1 ng (Oden) Paradise Lake Van Dwellings per Acre 4 ,3 35 57 2.9 66 4.5 34 73 3.5 2.9 The foregoing density 11st is based on sample blocks 1n areas where there are no community water or sewer systems. W1th1n each community area, 1nd1v1dual homes may be sited on either smaller or larger sites Households and Family Size In 1960, there were 4,696 households 1n Emmet County as reported in the US Census of Populat ion Dividing the population 1n households by the number of households gives an average population per household of 3 33 persons This compares with other commun,ties as follows : Community Average Number of Persons per Household in 1960 1950 to 1960 Percent Change 3 42 3 33 3 35 349 3 31 +24 .9% 2.1% · 03% + 6 5% +21 3% The State of M 1ch1gan Emmet County Charlevoix County Cheboygan County Grand Traverse County Comparat ively, the County has a low population per household, and had been decreasing through 1960 This trend may or may not be continuing through 1970, but is probably influenced by: fewer young people l1v1ng on farms, increased retirement age population, high proportion of retirement age citizens, and the in-migration of students at North Central Michigan College -8- �~Lr,-===== J'itaU::: · ~.ci~ .·-~0 · , ..• u . ~ ,gc<~~~w AlNno~ ,.,,,, :{r:: .- · ◄ ,) • • . i . ~ l1 ..... , u ► .."• ..• .. ' J ◄ ..•" .• ... e 0 % ..,~ ..~" J ., " • ..,ll ...!."' 0 ~ .., 0 % ~ J J ► ► :, 0 ◄ "' •• ..-" u ◄ :, u i 0 .." " 0 ► L :, :, ~ "0 •:," ► z . ..,., .... ., .; " .., .., 0: ~ u " ◄ u 0 z "' "' ◄ 0 :, , .. ..., " ..,... : " .. "' " ., ., ◄ .,.., .... .., "' "'.."' ....," "' .. .. ., .. ◄ ·z ., z 0 2 Cl ◄ u 0 u ::; :, ~ :, ◄ u :, ll ll 0 u ◄ i :, 0 ! w en :::> 0 z <t _J "' "' >(!)~ ~ "' ... .... ~ .. ~ ~ ~ .. z::, .. 0 -u t- ... .., C/)t- ~ ~ x2 -LI.I w~ .. ....0..x::" .,_ .~ C , 0 ·I I :; ~~ / ·••1 / 7 C 0 . .. 0" E .! ... ." c·c .~: !;~ �- I I - EXISTING LAND USE I - The accompanying map prepared under an FHA Planning Grant program, illustrates the generalized land use pattern of Emmet County . TABLE 5 summarizes the acreages and proportions of uses by township areas and I city-vi II age areas. It is noted that, whenever city-vi IIage data is statistically - included . No land use data for the Cheboygan side has been tabulated; however, it I - l I portrayed, only that portion of Mackinaw City which lies L Emmet County is was inventoried on field maps. Data for Petoskey and Harbor Springs were taken from land use studies prepared for those communities under separate "701" Urban Planning Assistance Grants. Inventory Techniques The study of land use in the Comprehensive Plan has several obJectives related to understanding the County's present development and guiding future planning decisions. Foremost, the land use inventory provides both a graphic and statistical picture of the County, emphasizing the impact of man-made features. TABLE 5 EXISTING LANO USE EMMET COUNTY r I in All Townships Cities & Villages Total County (acres) (acres) (acres) Percent Developed Total 1,391 778 2,357 2 .754 7.372 203 429 374 4,830 703 _ 37 154 301 206 129 114 102 635 2 ,094 815 2,511 3,055 7,578 332 543 476 5,465 9 .1% 3.6% 10.9% 13.4% 33.1% 1.5% 2.4% 2. 1% 23.9% 20,488 2.381 22,869 100.0% Vacant, Farm & Forest ,453 Surface Water 258,932 262,415 9,485 301 88.9% 9,756 3.3% Grand Total 288,905 6,135 295,040 100.0% Residential Seasonal Homes P•.i blic Quasi-Public Recreation Commercial Industrial Rai lroads Roads Total U~es 7.8% SOURCE : Vilican-Laman & A;;sociates, Inc .. f9rmers Home Admin istrat•on ComP!ehensive s.,wer and Water Plan for Emmet County, Aoril, 1971. Field data current through November, 1969. -9- �-1 '. I The inventory of existing land use was accomplished by field inspections, conducted during the summer of 1968 However, the map was not published until October, 1969 Each use of land was recorded on field maps and later transcribed to base maps . The field inspection technique is not 100% accurate, since all uses ,n buildings are not apparent from the street and there may be uses 1n wooded areas and on large private properties generally inaccessible by vehicle Common limitations are accurate counts of apartments vv1th1n multiple-family dwellings and seasonal homes 1n forested areas Overall, however, the field inspection technique is a valuable means of assessing the character of uses, and it consumes less time and cost than other inventory systems (such as reviewing all tax records or photographic interpretation). Nevertheless, aerial photographs, U.S.G .S maps, and interviews of local officials were used to resolve questions on property usage . It should be noted that the use of land changes continually 1n all communities; hence, the data must be viewed in terms of the date 1nventoried ~ Emmet County 's total land area 1s 461 square miles, which ~& squ11.,e1l~lalt to 295,040 acres . Of this area, less than eight percent 1s used for housing, business, ~ industry, community services, recreation, and transportation. Another three percent is in major surface water area, including inland lakes and the c,ooked River Some 88 .9% of the County 1s land classified as Vacant, Farm and Forest . Vacant, Farm and Forest lands are most apt to be consumed by other uses as the County develops. Soils, topography, land ownership and the economic strength of farming will determine those lands that will be consumed first . As an illustration of existing County development, all of the County's roads, highways, railroads, parks. airports, and other land uses, except farmed or forested land could roughly fit into the area of one Townsh,p (McKinley, for example) . At the present time, the cities and villages of the County have over 3,453 acres of undeveloped land . It future permanent housing were to concentrate in vii Iage-city areas where central utility services may be available or could be provided, the County could absorb nearly 8,000 new families without losing one acre of farm land. The townships, of course, have vast areas of open land that could be developed . The character of land use in the County 1s strongly oriented to tourism recreation; however, the County also reflects some diverse development conditions For example, the County is a thinly populated rural area, yet there are highly sophisticated developments (major ski resorts, exclusive vacation home developments, jet air service, freeways, and selective retail stores) that function 1n close proximity to farming enterprises, forest industries and mining . · -10- �c( r.·] ' r~ '-- \ ' .l ::J Emmet County has a diverse resource base that is well adapted to year-around recreation attractions. Th is fact, plus the increasing accessibility of the County to tourists from metropolitan centers will cause accelerated development pressures on the existing resource base . The momentum of rising tourism, crowded metropolitan centers, new highways, and irrproved air service may well precipitate local development related to industry and factors other than tourism recreation . Emmet County's resource base must be viewed as an important element of the _~ ecological structure of Michigan and the Upper Midwest. Deer hunting, fishing, ~ natural scenery, other outdoor recreat ion, and clean waters represent major ~ attra~~ ~ ~11::'!~~iv-~· factors in the local economy and are demands upon the r environment . AsJ\~ ~ o rth fre m ~ end fsl et1 e~t . on the County can be expected to increase substantially . tu...e ~ ~ J ' I The accompanying map, "Selected Resource Inventory," illustrates deer yarding 1-... areas, trout streams, warm water fish streams, canoeable rivers and principal drainage basins. Generally, deer yarding areas, canoeable waters and quality trout ~ . i •• 1 streams are concentrated in nearly the same County locations These resource areas also provide habitat for other game species native to Northern Michigan. The drainage patterns on the map relate rivers and streams to their principal watershed areas It 1s important that land users in the County recognize these drainage patterns as certain activities may contribute to stream pollution- ~ resource depletion . The County cannot afford these losses if it is to retain ~ Northern image so attractive to urban populations which tour the United States. -11' . ' �I • 'I SOILS The accompanying "Soil Resources" map illustrates a refinement of the County's Land Type map, and presents ten ( 10) relatively homogeneous soi I groups. These soil classifications are based upon their general physical similarity . Soils in a group have similar capacity to sustain urban uses and resources development. This map gives a broad picture of the distribution and comparative quantity of County soil resources. Because of the generalized nature of the mapped information, it is II I I applicable to County planning as an overall development guide or reference. More detailed soils surveys and/or on-site investigations are needed for specific uses and site planning . In determining the general suitability of soils in their nature state for various uses, the following criterion are applied by soil scientists of the U.S. Soil Conservation Service : 1. Adaptability for Agriculture 2. Adaptability for Housing (subdivision type) 3. Adaptability for Woodland and Forest Use 4. Adaptability for Recreation A summary rating of the ten ( 10) generalized Soi I Resource Arnas is presented on TABLE 6. It is pertinent that about 70% of the area of Emmet County has soil conditions suited to urban development uses. This also 1mpl1es a general suitability for forestry, agriculture and recreation . r-- :~:~; } t~n~ ,::~r d~::~:p:~~~,~~:,hi:v~~~~~.~~::~.~~%t~:~h;i~:i~i;~e:~i;: expected to absorb most of the projected urban development in the County . However, 1t is unfortunate that many of these same soils rated very good for farming and forestry and c; ~ :~g: ~ l~ ~ e~ ~ L ( . L J ) £ . .~ . ~ devel~,r;p~ means that -:,;ki @nsle-ts aAd e development can procee~with /(~ soil lim~ s. However, the :re are other planning considerations necessary to assure that..-ReW developments do not destroy the quality of the natural environment., vY•l=~·rel:i---gen-era1e's demanEls--f-o ~ Deer- yarding area~ ~ (}A.I~~~~ µ_J- ~ ~ - - - . . .½ st land areas in the central and west central portions of Emme_t C untyl\.are well suited for .,J ~'11 !!:f!~ r - l i K , will 1999g_ ~~ AtJ\5/tWH .?'I .d+t- ~ ~~ .-12- 1 I �I TABLE 6 COUNTY SOIL RESOURCES EMMET COUNTY I I Use Rating or Adaetabili!l'. ' Agriculture Subdividing Woodland Recreation G0od Fair-Good Fai r-Good Poor Poor Good Good Good Good-Fair Fair-Good Hardwoods Hardwoods & Pi ne Hardwoods & Pine Poor Poor Good Good Good Good Fair-P.:>o r Good Good Good Fair-Good Fair Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Fair-Poor .Poor Poor Poor Poor Pom Poor Fair Poor Poor Fair-Poor Good Fair-Good Fair-Good Game H3b1tat Poor Good Poor Poor Poor .I 1 .1 1. Sandy Loam 2. Loamy S'3nd 3. Deep Loamy Sand 4. Deep A cid Sands 5. Sand & Gravel 6. Sand Gravel over Bedrock 7. Sand D11nes 8. Silts, Clays, Sand 9 . Si lty Clay Loam 10. Organic Soil D~ SOURCE : U.S. Soil Conservation Service, Boyne City, M ichigan Crooked Lake, Pickerel Lake, and the Crooked River V positioned among wet soils rated fair to poor for intensive resort-cottage area, pollution control measures will become increasingl y necessary and a strong need is alread y apparent . The Cross Village area is divided among several so il types: Sandy loams, loose sand, and organic soils. The organic soils are generally in St ate ownership and hence, may not be a development problem . However, the loose sands, which occur in dunes and ridges have many development limitations in terms of drifting _ j sand (wind, erosion) and difficu lty in establishing and maintaining cover . Development of these soils will reduce the high scenic value of the area, as many dunes will be leveled and existing tree stands will gradually be reduced. The Mackinaw City area and WaWatam Township are on limestone formations and cobbly soils. These are generally unsuitable for urban development in the ir natural state. Carefu l and deta iled so ils ana lysis can reveal the nature of development l1m1tations on particular sites __, A large proportion of the soils unsuited for development are in the north areas of the County . Also, much of this land is currently in State of Michigan ownership, as part of the Hardwood State Forest. -13- �I TOPOGRAPHY The accompanying topography map illustrates the slope characteristics of Emmet County's landscape. From a County-wide view, there is a great deal of variety in land formations, wh ich include: level lands, gently rolling, rolling to steep, and very steep slopes. Elevation gradually increases from north to south, with some of the highest hilltops in Pleasantview and Springvale Townships. I •' • .1 The discussion which follows describes the topographic characteristics of each Township in the County . As a general statement, there are a number of areas that have limitations to urban density development. However, these limitations become scenic attractions in communities that cater to tourism-recreation activities . Topography in Resort Township is gently rolling with picturesque contrasts between cultivated farm land and patches of wooded area . Some steep landscape follows the Lake Michigan Shoreline, mostly in the Resort - Penn-Dixie mining area, where extensive deposits of limestone are found . Land forms in Bear Creek Township tend to be more severe than in Resort, but most of the steep topography lies well south and southeast of Petoskey. Bear Creek - Except for areas generally within two miles of Crooked Lake, Springvale - Pickerel Lake, and the Minihaha Creek Valley, Springvale Township is influenced by steep slopes Moderate to steep slopes exist in the extreme northwest area, but overall, there are few serious slope limitations. Littlefield - Little Traverse - Southern sections in this Township are generally level or gently rolling, with incidences of steep slope . A large area of steep topography affects the northeast area . West Traverse - West Traverse Township varies from roll ing to steep and is steep in most sections. The roll ing and gentl y rolling land is found north and east of Harbor Springs., Friendship is characterized by moderately steep topography . There are inc idences of level and gently roll ing land . Friendship - -14- to steep I I �I: ' I ~~ ~ ~ ti ~ _. Pleasantview - A band of nearly level land extends north-south through the community . Steep to very steep topography is found in the areas where Boyne Highlands and Nubs Nob are located . Moderate to steep slopes are also present . Maple River - The west one-third of this community has moderate to moderately steep topography but few steep areas . The land character in the east sections is level with some incidence of swamp . The western third is moderately steep . McKinley - Swamp land is positioned along the east line and level drier sections extend along the south line. Some moderately rolling land exists in the northwest area . Center - A wide band of level land (high incidence of swamp) traverses the community from southeast to northwest, and this is flanked by moderately steep slopes . Readmond - Readmond Township is characterized by moderately steep slopes and there are incidences of swamp .Gently rolling and moderate slopes are found in the north and west areas. Cross Village - Steep topograph y is limited to the McCort Hill area in Section 5 and in portions of Sections 2 and 3 A steep ridge parallels the shore of Lake Michigan from the south to the Wycamp Lake area . Roll ing sand dunes are found in the northern sections . _J Bliss Township is predominantl y level to moderate with incidences of swamp and steep slope . Bliss - 1 --l ., q d Carp Lake - Gently rolling to moderately rolling topograph y is present in the southwesterl y sections. The remainder of the community is re lativel y level . WaWatam - The topograph y map reveals onl y a gradua l fal l in elevation from the southeast to north and northwest . ..,.. -15- �1 The foregoing analysis of the Couniy's physiography 1s limited 1n respect to I • detail. U.S.G.S. data on a County-wide scale at the twenty-foot contour interval is effective as a general reference for slope data, but cannot illustrate the variety of slope change that can occur w1th1n a given twenty-foot interval . WATER In Emrnet County, a prime use of water resources 1s for recreation, mainly in terms of swimm ing, boating, fishing and wildlife management However, water resources are necessary for. municipal water systems; 1nd1v1dual wells, and .I irr1gat1on Hence, 1t is essential tl-1at the County'~ w1ter resources be protected trom pollution and depletion Lake Michigan 1s a major Vvater reserve for recreation as well as a potential municipal water supply . At. present, all domestic water supplies 1n the County are from wel I resources. On the basis of general state-wide data prepared by the Water Resources Comm1ss1on of the M 1ch1gan Department of Natural Resources, most of the area of Emrret County 1s in glacial deposit areas with fairly high yields of ground water Low yield areas are found mostly 1n Resort Townsh,p , IN:JWatam Township and northern Bl •ss 'T ownsh1p . However, 1nd1v1dua1 wells 1n specific locations may have h,gri or low yields depending on local geologic cond1t1ons. In addition to Lake M 1ch1gan and ground water resources, Emmet County has seven (7) inland lakes, of which three are positioned 1n urban growth areas (Round Lake. C:·ooked Lake and Pickerel L3kel A !so, the US Soil Conservation Service has 1dent1f 1ed n·ne (9) potent,al water 1mpoundment locations on the rivers of the County . AGRICULTURE Farming and agr ,cultural act •v111es have two maJor influences on each community F 1rst 1s the income derived for rural families and other serv ices tha1 are supported by farming . Second 1s the value of farms as a resource for open space, wildlife support, and environmental break w•th developed urban areas Farming has become a h ighl y complex operat,on requiring skilled operators and huge investments 1n mechanical equ 1pment and land This ,s evidenced by the fact that the average value of farms in Emmet County increased 135% between 1954 and 1964. -16 1/'\ �..: . . . . .. . .... ... ,.;.. -· --· - -- . '7 I I • Part of the trend in agriculture can be observed from TABLE 7, which summarizes selected farm data for Emmet County . In the ten years between 1954 and 1964, the average size of farms increased by nearly fifty acres or 32% . Overall, there was a 51% decrease in the number of farms in the County . In :__J Employment also decreased markedly . In 1950, the U.S. Census listed 632 persons employed as farmers and farm managers. Bv 1960, th is occupation group declined to 228 for a percentage loss of 64% . The results of the 1970 Census will be interesting. While farm size has been increasing and the number of farms and total acreage has been decreasing, farm production has been increasing along with the average farm value . This is a good index of the economic advantages of the large-scale farm and why this tend is taking place - better and more productive ye ilds. TABLE 7 SELECTED FARM CHARACTERISTICS EMMET COUNTY Farm Census 1954 1964 Farms by Size 1--; l ;·i ' ! "L0' 1~. ' G 1954 to 1964 Change Number Percent 1 - 99 acres 100 - 499 acres 500 - 999 acres 1,000 acres and over 382 439 13 145 247 17 -237 -192 +4 -62% -44% +31% 3 4 +1 +33% Total 837 413 -424 -51% 123,478 80,841 42% 27% 148 196 Land in Farms Percent of County Land in Farms Average Size of Farm in acres Average Value of Farms Farm Operators residing on Farm Persons in Farm Operator Households -35% +48 +32% $7,019 $16,698 +$9,680 +136% 512 389 -123 -24% 1,682 SOURCE · U.S. Census of Agriculture I k i -17- I I: �I ~ Between 1959 and 1964. the value of farm crops sold increased nearly 38%, compared with 23% t or the State of Michigan . The trend since 1954, however, Is not as optimistic as there was a decline from 1954 to 1959, and an increase between 1959 and 1964. Of the two categories, livestock and crops, It Is evident that livestock farms are most valuable . Between 1959 and 1964, I 1vestock farm product sales increased $528,000 compared with $208,000 for crops. Dairy and poultry were the most important growth factors, as other livestock increased slightly Field crops accounted for over 60% of the sales increase among crops Forest products and vegetables gained some, while fruits and nuts experienced sales decreases A f inal assessment of the value of agriculture to Emrnet County can be established from a general rule of thumb, that each dollar earned In farming turns over 2 3 times Hence. the $2.07 mi ll Ion produced from farm sales in the County nas an estimated multipl ied impact of some $4,761,000 Tn•s ,s a s1gn 1f1cant loca l economic factor that should be retained to the extent possible 1,. is reasonable to conclude that the value of farm land wil l increase as a result of tourist demands tor rural land . This will cause farm acreage to decline further, lessening the impact of agriculture as well On the other hand , national-international demands for farm products may gi ve new economic incentives for preserving and expanding vital agricultural act IvIty In terms of the relative importance of agriculture , Emmet C.:-unty ranked 57th among the 82 counties In farm product sales Hence , 57 count,es are agr ,culturall y more significant Another index shows that Emmet County has a high oercentage of non-farm income to supplement farm product sales ( 17th of 82) l his inde x shows decreasing re!iance upon farming act 1vIty for basic income 18- ~ ' 'I I -I I ~. • • I • J :·,~~ �I I ! ! ~ I RESIDENTIAL By intent, the Residential P!an is quantitative to the extent of accommodating j projected housing demands. It. is qualitative in that residential areas should be I desirable places to encourage home investment and provide a sound family living environment. I I I URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROCESS ] I l1 ·' ; I·, I The development of Township areas begins with the influx of nonfarm dwellings which locate along paved County roads, usually on one to five acre lots. This gives the roadside an appearance of being developed, but most of the land behing the homes remains undeveloped for long periods of time, perhaps farmed or forested The problems of the rural nonfarm developments which are distant from an urban center relate to planning for resources and community services. Homes developing along County roads are spread over a wide area, and the smaller lots w ith driveways create numerous access points from the roadway . This reduces the traffic efficiency of the County road by slowing vehicles, generating on-off turning movements, and multiplies the accident potentials. In time, the solution may be expensive road widening or by-pass proiects . I; The scattered growth pattern compl icates the problem of providing schools, and I-· 1·1 shopping services. School bus services must be increased, perhaps two marginal retail stores are required when one economically eff icient store would offer better services, and there are public conflicts involved 1n locating school buildings, parks, churches, and the like Each family desires to have the service nearest his home . _,j Ii l The problems of resource development and resource conservation are also complicated by scatered rural nonfarm housing . When homes are scattered , community sewer and water systems become too costly; thus, septic tank effluent increases and has a greater opportun ity to enter streams and lakes resulting 1n I·: pollution . Moreover, the 1nabil1ty to offer central utility services reduces the area's potential to attract industry and business O! significance is that the ~ fract1onalization process may impact qua li t y farm and forest land and reduce the _, __, County's ability to produce food and fibre for local and national markets. I.! .. ·, I I -19 - �CONCEPTS Emmet County's total population approximates the conceptual size of four or five urban ne ighborriood units; hence, the strict application of neighbortiood planning theory has less meaning than 1n urban areas Nonetheless, the principles and objectives embodied in the concept are applicable as guides 1n nearly all community housing situat ,ons, particularly •n and near the c 1t1es of Petoskey and Harbor Springs. I Bv defin1t1on, a neignborhood unit 1s a cont iguous residential area w ith sufficient population to support one centrally located elementary school The school facil ity should be designed with a park and playground Heavily traveled streets. ra ilroads and nonresidential land uses should not be located w 1th 1n a neighborhood un it, although these uses of land may serve as logical ne ighborhood boundaries A ,though there are many ind•v1dual concepts and desi res regard•ng the ideal home, most famil ies demand rousing that has urban ut il it ies, ,s near schools, 1s close to shopping, is protected from through traffic, and ,s accessible to hosp itals. places of wo' k and related conven,ence factors Tr,e residential areas proposed for Emmet County are intended to meet th•s demand The d 1scuss1on of res •dent1al concepts 1n terms o f ne ighborhood units 1s only partly appl 1cab le to Emmet County , because of the rura l nature of the County and the recreation qualities of the non -urban areas There 1s tar more potential res idential land in Emmet County than what can possibl y be developed w1th1n the foreseeable future, and substantial demands will accrue trom vacation homes Therefore, ,t wou ld be good policy to consider th e following development cond1t1ons · 1 Recogn ize the fact that all land 1n the County will not and should not be developed That which is developed should f it into logical service areas for schools, parks. shopp ing and related 2. Scenic resources are integral elements of the County 's economy These should be protected so that the characte r of the County remains attractive and desirable for both permanent residents and v, s1tors 3. Wtld l1fe 1s important 1n Emmet Co unty as are forest and vegetative resources Hence, swamp lands. wooded areas, streams. and related resources must be protected from pollution and dep letion -20 - J ··.:i �t: 11,.J~ . 1 ~ ~ ~ 4. View existing undeveloped lake-river frontages as resources to be protected . Encourage water oriented development to form in cluster patterns, rather than parcel off the frontage on a 100% ind 1vidual access basis 5. County roads provide access to farms and nonfarm homes in rural areas . Development usually follows existing roads until the frontage is used up and large internal vacant areas remain . Preferably, minor service roads and cluster , .1 developments snould extend from the County road rather than serve i,J individual unit frontage . The recreation community of " Hidden Hamlet" at Nubs Nob is an example of this development concept. 17 . 1 DEMANDS In 1960, Emmet County was a community of 15,904 persons who occupied 4,696 households (3.33 persons per household) . Since 1960, the County population increased by 2,427 persons for an estimated 690 dwelling units In the past ten years (69 per year) . Population projections for Emmet County show a possible 22,500 persons by 1990. This will generate a demand for some 1,380 dwellings in the next twenty years . Past growth trends suggest that most of the permanent housing demand wi ll impact the urban areas around Petoskey and 17 Harbor Spr ings In 1960, Emmet County's housing census reported 2,560 seasonal housing units. This represented some 32% of all hous ing in the County The rural nonfarm areas had 47% of their housing class1f 1ed as seasonal . Comparable data on seasonal dwellings constructed since 1960 is not readily available; however, a substantial number of seasonal homes were constructed In Chalet Villages near ski resorts, on inland lakes, and along the Lake Michigan Shore . Some of these may wel l convert to year-around residences for permanent families of either retirement or labor force age . For res1dent1al planning purposes, it can be expected that urban residential demands will be greatest of in and near P8toskey, moderate in the community areas Harbor Springs and A lanson, and slight 1n the outlying rural service communities and Mackinaw City . The type of home most in demand is tor th ree bedrooms and over (80% to 90% of I the market). Only 10% of the market Is for etf1c1ency, one-bedoom and/or j L , two-bedroom units. 1 There Is a strong demand for three and four-bedroom homes for famil ies with incomes under $6,000 per y ear 1Mr . Ken Peterson, Realtor and Mr Cy Jordan, from questionnaire interviews assessing the real estate market 1n the five-year period prior to January, 1969 ' . ...... -21- �~-1 I Recreation home demands will be strongest in those areas that have multiple recreati on use potential. Hence, a vacation home that can offer ready access to skiing f acilities, swimming beaches, scenic views, forests, hunting and fishing, will be in greatest demand. RESIDENTIAL AREAS PLAN The "R esidential Areas Pian " map illustrates several factors that will influence the configurations of future housing areas in the County .These are : Resource areas that should remain in ~~ t -I I a natural condition to support broad scale resource management programs, and ecological balance . ,1 A highly tentative alignment for a future express type highway through the County . (See the County 's "Future Land U:-e Pian" Map for the suggested alternate .) The basic County road - State Highway network which interconnects the functional land use areas ot the County . Key resort attractions and facil 1t1es wherein seasonal home construction 1s likely to continue Exi sting urban communit ies and concentrated housing areas The above factors vvere rrepped and evaluated 1n terms of soil resources, topography, deer yard areas, quality fish streams and existing land use On the basis of the above, a general 1zed pattern of logical future housing areas evolved. lri the communities of Petoskey, Bear Creek Township, and Resort T ownship, the R8s1dential P.an is based on Neighborhood and Residential P,ans for those communities 1 These Petoskey A '. ea tina,ngs are cons idered to be a part of the Emmet County Residential Pian, 1nclud1ng any mod1f1cat1ons and amendments that may be made from time to time On the "County Residential P; an " map, long-range urban neighborhood areas were comb ined to form larger community areas Each ot the community 3reas may be further d1v1ded into one or more neighborhood units The number of neighborhoods will ultimately be determined by the density of population w1th1n each un it and the geographic size of the community / 1 V il1can-Leman & Associates, Inc, Residential Areas , Petoskey Area Planning Com - mission, January, 1969. 22- I ~I �. . . .... -. . .::.. 1·1 • J ,11 ,1 Ii 11 Following is a discussion of the general community areas mapped on the "Residential Areas Plan" : 1. rJ Petoskey Area Area 1 Altogether, there are nine residential areas in and near the City of Petoskey ;_J and the Townships of Bear Creek and Resort. These units were not delineated in expectation that they will be fully developed within twenty years. It may be appropriate to view the neighborhoods as basic long-range residential areas Persons who build homes and purchase lots in the neighborhoods have the knowledge that they are in logical home areas. On a long-term basis, they can expect to be w ithin a reasonable distance from planned elementary schools, local recreation areas, and community water-sewer-utility services. 2. Harbor Springs A rea Areas 2, 3, 4, and 5 The Harbor Springs A rea Residential Plan is presented in four (4) basic areas. 1 Area 2 can probably be divided into two neighborhood units, centered on a large resource area for open space recreat ion . Area 3 has the potential of being divided into four neighborhoods. The exact number will depend on actual growth, the ratio of seasonal homes to permanent residences, and the acreage devoted to recreation-community uses. Area 4 encompasses most of the exist ing developed lands in Harbor Springs. Area 5 is positioned along Little Traverse Bay and is predominantly a recreation home area at this time . Development will be attracted to this area by the scenic qualities of Little T !'"averse Bay . Some negative aspects relate to the flight path of the Harbor Springs Airport and the rather narrow shape of the .....: area . Overall, Areas 2 through 5 indicate the probable impact areas for future high density residential development. As in the Petoskey area, the capacity !~ i......: population of these areas exceeds the projected growth . 1f.JeJghborhoods were interpreted from the residential areas illustrated in the Harbor Springs Comprehensive Plan . -23- i: �f I I ' 'I. . J 3. ~ Round Lake Area . , Areas 6, 7, and 9 The Round Lake Area of Emmet County Is a sort of development crossroads where the urban izing influence of Petoskey, Harbor Springs and A ianson tome together. Round Lake also generates development influences by virtue of water oriented recreation, home sites, the Petoskey State Park, the Harbor Sp rings Airport, Conway and Highway interchanges. Planning and arranging land uses in the Round Lake area is complicated by the narrow highway corridors (U .S -31 and M-131) created by Lake , ,I I I Michigan, Round Lake and Crooked Lake . Added to this is a general mi x of existing land uses, an incidence of poorly drained soils, and absence of urban utility services. Al so, the potential routing of a north-south freeway through th is area wi II resu It In accelerated demands for land 4. I Crooked Lake Area ;_-) Areas 8, 10 and 11 Crooked Lake is an estab lished tourist housing area The most concentrated recreation home areas are found along the north shore In and near Oden Pickerel Lake to the east Is also developing with seasonal homes. I I The entire C:--ooked-Pickerel Lake area Is limited for development by poorly drained soils. The problem is particularly acute along the shorel ine where the demand for lake front home sites is greatest As a result , quant ities of sewage effluent on the surface of the ground and in the lake have reached a poi nt of serious pollution hazard . This is an area wh 1ch clearly demonstrates planning deficiencies in terms of : Carrying capacity of soils and land resources Substandard and outmoded development standards Inadequate traffic routes to serve local and regional traffic Disregard for land use relat1onsh1ps (mixed uses). Fai lure to implement central utility services prior to IntensIve use of land The above points underscore some major problems affecting the Oden-C:ooked Lake area, and it will likely result in expensive community improvements to correct past mistakes -24- •I ,.. �5. Alanson Area Area 12 Retail services, the Crooked River, and a new school will attract additional development in and near Alanson . The Valley of the Crooked River in Alanson is characterized with soil and drainage conditions similar to areas near Crooked Lake . Poor drainage and swamp conditions establish unstable building cond itions that will become more acute unless community sewer and water systems are installed . Utility studies are currently in progress. I:J! 6. Pellston Area Areas 13 and 14 l -1 Pellston is important because it is adjacent to the Emmet County Airport; . ·• hence, a potential source of added economic development for the County as 17 1-, well as a major transportation terminal in the northern lower peninsula . One manufacturing plant has located adjacent to the airport, and others may in ; I the future. A problem in accommodating residential growth is relating to existing community service facilities, while avoiding the flight paths of major runways. There 1s also a land squeeze in Pellston, because the existing Village is surrounded by public lands, poor soil areas, a major highway, and airport _J 1-, -1 . '----' approach zones. It is difficult to cluster new housing around the new l ·-1 elementary school because of the factors Iisted above . l 'I.. ! I-.~ 7. Mackinaw City Arna Area 15 Mackinaw City supports a relatively low year-around population because of the seasonal nature of the econom y . The demand tor residential land in Mackinaw City will be determined by success in developing industrial land, especially those activities that require access to Great Lakes shipping lanes. Also , the extent of tourist services will bear on added employment to sustain a larger year-around population . -25- �1 8. Cross Village Area Areas 16 and 17 Cross V i llage Is located in a highly scen ic area with a commanding panoramic view over Lake Mich igan . Cross Village is also an historic Indian M1ss1on site. Significant year-around employment opportun ities in Cross Village may be difficult to real ize . Highway access is l1m1ted, there are no railroads, and existing community services are oriented to rural and tourist markets. 1, Add itional seasonal home deveiopment is the most likely economic impact that can add to the commun ity . C:-oss V i llage has excellent Lake Michigan orientation and it lies between the attract ion forces of Wilderness $ ;ate Park and the ski resort areas to the south .1 Since pleasure boating on Lake M ichigan Is a h ighly attractive tourist activity, riarbor, beach and lake front park developments at C:·oss Village could enhance community development potentials 9 1 -I ~ ~, ·- Other Residential A reas Even though tt-ie Res1den11aI Plan outlines a w ide number of potent ial res1dent1al areas that can be planned and serviced to house concentrated patterns of development, a large proportion of new homes (!:>easonal and non-seasonal) w i ll locate on tracts of land throughout tarm and nonfarm areas . Although this scattering development shouid not be promoted as a planning principle, it can be less of a problem with careful attention to ground water resources, soi Is, and overcrowding The problems of overcrowding and the mixed use character of developments on C:-ooked L3ke and Paradise Lake must be avoided on the other inland water resources of the County 1, develope rs anticipate high density subdivision act Iv1ty, then immediate concent must be given for community water supplies and sewage treatment services RECOMMENDATIONS Encourage the establishment of a County Housing Commission to . det;;iil the housing needs of Emmet County, coord,nate research and ;mpIementat1on programs with the ex Ist1ng Housing Commissions, and cooperate with the housing needs of l r,d 1an tam ,hes Some low-,ncome housing assistance may be necessary In several non -City locations and trie need may be either for repairs or new un its . -26- I I I I I I I I I �17 - .J I '..I Promote minimum County-wide Zoning Regulations as a means to protect the environment of permanent and seasonal housing areas. Guide new housing developments in accordance with the principles of the Comprehensive Pan . Th is will avoid the postponed costs associated with unplanned growth so that services can be economically provided . Planned residential areas will be a more convenient place for families and will offer a safer environment . As feasible, tie new housing developments to central water and/or sewage treatment facili ties to avoid resource pollution and a more efficient use of land. l~i 1...: l ' I·: 1.-,. . , ~_, I.' ;I ·, • > . ' \': ~ . ' _, 1 ~1 : ~ ._; I ~~ I I: -27- �I ' ~ I" l ~ I __J SCHOOLS Emmet County has five K-12 Sc:hool Districts to serve its population and some adjacent areas in adjoinint townships. In addition, there is one K-6 School District to serve Cross Village Township . Four (4) of the K-12 Districts are in the Charlevoix-Emmet Intermediate School District . The Mackinaw City Schoo ls serve portions of Wa\t\tltam Township, but these schools are officially in the Cheboygan Intermediate District. ENROLLMENTS School enrollment data for Emmet County is not completely comparable in an historical context because of changes in some district boundaries. A lso, some school enrollment is drawn from beyond the immediate areas of Emmet County . However, there are some significant trends that can be observed for overall planning purposes. 1. The K-12 pub I ic school enrollment in the Petoskey District increased by 587 between 1960-1961 and 1968-1969. This is an annual rate increase of 73 4 K-12 pupils. At this rate, the Petoskey district will be serving nearly 3,900 I( I·; iJ L.J pupils by 1990. 2. annual increment of 12.9 pupils, for a total proJected 1990 pupi I load of 1,040. 3. It ~ -.J t, --" The Littlefield School District has experienced gradual K-12 enrollment increases between 1960-1961 and 1968-1969, at the rate of 12.1 pupils per year. By 1990, the total K-12 enrollment would be 650 pupils (at the 12 1 rate) or 266 above the 384 enrolled in 1968-1969. l 1~ -; Kindergarten through high school enrollments in the Harbor Springs District increased from 655 1n 1960-1961 to 758 in 1968-1969. This represents an 4. The Pellston Schools have been affected sorrewhat by annexation The K-12 enrollment in 1968-1969 was some seventeen pupils fewer (630) than 647 pupils enrolled in the 1960-1961 school year. However, the present K-12 enrollment stands at 700 . It is significant that enrollment has increased gradually since 1966-1967, and this trend rray continue The 1960-1969 rate of growth averaged 5.9 K-12 pupils per year. -28- �5. The total school enrollment In Mack inaw City was 292 in the 1960-1961 school year . The current enrollment stands at 277 , resulting 1n a pupi l loss rate of 1.7 per year . For planning purposes, the 1990 enrollment Is assumed to be 300 pupils In the past two school years, enrollments increased . 6. Cross Village 1s a small K-6 School D1str1ct which had a total enrollment of I 24 in 1960-1961 . The current enrollment Is 23, representing a highly stable pupil enrollment. For planning purposes, the 1990 enrollment Is assumed to be 24 . Based on the 1970 population census, th ,s estimate may well be conservative. In 1962, a C1t1zen School Study was conducted In Emmet County under the d1rect1on of Michigan State University, College of Education 1 This report I I compiled school enrollment and school census data for County schools, evaluated building needs, projected enrollrrents and recomnended various reorganizational actions. I nclud1ng projections, the report encompassed the years 1960 through 1967-1968. Since that time, school services In the County have changed dramatically, particularly In terms of new buildings The map, "School Facil1t1es'' illustrates the K-12 School District boundaries In Emmet County, 1n addition to other pertinent school service data Petoskey, Pellston and Mackinaw City D1str 1 cts serve rural areas beyond the area of Emmet County . A !so illustrated are schoo l bu tidings that serve each of the districts Most of the operating schools are 1n good to excellent physical condition, and are good educational facil1t•es TABLES 8 and 9 summarize pertinent informat ion on eacn school building serving at least some portion of Emmet County Tne most s1gn1f1cant overall conclus,on is that the urban area schools have enrollments which range from near capacity to over capacity enrollments Petoskey appears to have the most pressing need for new and/or expanded school fact11t Ies, part,cularly In the elementary grades Not only is t he enrollment IncreasIng at an equivalent rate of three classrooms per year (73 pup ils), but facilities are now In ma xi mum use 2 A t present , the elementary school has design space for less than twenty add •tional pupils; hence, it 1s near capacity W•th an established growth rate of seven K-6 pupils per year, the school will exceed its effective capacity •n the near future . The h1gh school has a greater surplus capac,ty and may not reach design capacity for five to ten years. 1 Emmet Coun1 y Education Citi zens Committee, Ci r .zens Schoo l Stud y, Michigan State Un 1ve rsIty, June, 1962 2The enrollment impact does not produce an ImmedIa te demand for 3 classrooms, because the increases are spread over a twelve grade educational sy stem w ith many ex 1st Ing classrooms to absorb the en ro !I ment -29- I I I I �,~: I '\ TABLE 8 ; ~ PUBLIC SCHOOL CAPACITIES EMMET COUNTY ~1 1, IJ Enrollmmt Design Capacity Surplus Capacity Enrollment Overload •-1 I,] 17 Petoskey Area ( 1969) Ottawa, K-6 Sheridan, K-6 Lincoln, K-6 Central, K-6 Resort, K-5 Jr.Sr. High School,7-12 26 24 17 30 286 224 217 355 125 1,004 260 200 200 325 125 1,225 221 396 362 415 400 19 38 384 425 41 '·. L. 1.i L..J l :1 Harbor Springs ( 1968) Elementary, K-6 High School, 7-17 Littlefield ( 1968) K-12 School ', . j Cross Village ( 1970) t: 1:·_ ;, j ·i d j-i... i~l t~ K-6 School 22 Elementary, K-6 High School, 7-12 156 121 180 130 24 9 350 350 360 450 10 100 4,352 4,735 480 Pellston Schools ( 1970) Elementary, K-6 High School, 7-12 Total t..J ... i· : i: . _, 18 Mackinaw City ( 1970) ~ I~ '' 40est . -30- 97 �TABLE 9 il SCHOOL BUILDING DATA EMMET COUNTY Year Constructed Site Remarks Enrollments Conditions 1964 1958 1951 1929-58 1960 Adeauate Aoeauate Lim ited l f!adeauate Adeauate L imote0 O - er Ci!Pacity O. er Capacity Over Capacity Ooer CaPacoty A : C0Pac1ty A ; C=Pacity Good G::>oO Good Fair to Gcod Good Gc od 1955-59-68 1915-68 Aoeauate Lim •ted Near C3pacity N 2ar Caoac •tv Good Gc oa K-12 Sch oo l 1957-66 Adequate Under CaPac •ty Good Elementary High School 1969 1932-39 Adequate M,n,murn Near Caoacitv Goo0 u~oe• Capacity Fa, r 1900 Adeauate Ur ae r C3oacity Fa or to Pc or Recent Min,mum Adeauate U"der C~Pac 11y F3 ,, to G-:.o0 u ,_oer Caoac •ty G?od Petoskey Ottavva Sheridan Lincoln Central Resort High Sc hool Harbor Spr ings H .S. Elementary H .S. Higli Sc:l, ool l J J Li t tlef ield Cross V illage K-6 Elementary M3ck inaw City K-6 Elementary H,gn Scli ool The Littlefield K-12 School is currentl y operating with an enrollment below it s design capacity . However, at the current rate of growth, capacity will be reached I I I I in four to five years, earlier if growth rates increase Past growth in the Pellston District has tended downward, but in recent years has increased slight ly Enro llments are well above the 1960 level , having increased at the rate of 5.9 pupils per year. There is now substantial capacity at the high school In 1960-61, there were 24 pupils attending classes in the C•oss Village School . Currently ( 1969-1970), there are 23 pupils enrol led, one of wh ich attends classes I I I in Harbor Springs . No added schoo l capacity is needed in the foreseeable future . -31- I �11 I Ill l. ~ 11 •...J The Mackinaw City School District had a total 1969-1970 enrollment of 277 pupils, down from the 292 in 1960. Both of the District's schools have some capacity to absorb enrollment i ncreases. The high school could go over its design capacity with slight growth . THEORETICAL NEEDS Theoretical school needs were determined by appl yi ng the desirable school attendance levels to the existing and projected public school enrollment .1 The conclusions are considered theoretical in Emmet County because the standards do not reflect limitations imposed by travel distance, existing school plant investment, School District boundaries or the desires of indiv idual citizens . TABLE10 THEORETICAL SCHOOL BUILDING NEEDS EMMET COUNTY ~j K-6 Elementary 1~1 t1 7-8-9 Junior High School 10-11-12Seni or H igh School I-: 1990 Theoretical Building Need Number of Existing Schools 3 .370 5to9 schools 10 1 ,685 1 to 2 scriools 5 1,685 1 to 2 scnools 5 6 ,740 7 to 13 schools 20 Curriculum (14 by count) 1969-1970 Enrollment 1970 Theoretical Building Need 1990 P1·ojection 2,343 3 t o6 scnools 1.063 1 to 2 schoo ls 1,016 school Tota! 4,422 5 to 8 schools NOTE: The future closure of an y ex isting private schools w i ll largely impact the communities in the P,;,toskey Area and Harbor Springs. However, it may be Possib le for the Public School D istr ict s to purchase , lease, or otherwise util ize the privat e scnool builo ings. According to TABLE 10, Emmet County has 14 school buildings and th is exceeds the theoretical 1990 maximum need by one This is also si x buildings beyond the existing theoretical need . Viewing these comparisons, it appears that the County l.d will not require addit ional structures if onl y enrollment factors are taken into account. 1Refer to th e Preliminary School Plan report di scussi ng Schoo l Design Standards . -32- �I SCHOOL PLANS Plans for public schools in Emmet County have been prepared by three local planning groups. The first Comprehensive Study of County School Services was prepared under the direction of Michigan State University, College of Education ( 1962) . During 1968-1969, a school plan was prepared for the Petoskey A rea, as a part of the Neighborhood Unit Plan .1 Public schools were analyzed for Harbor Springs during 1969, as a part of the Comprehensive Plan.2 The purpose of the County School Plan is to review area-wide school needs on a long-term future basis. Existing plans and recommendations are included as applicable . TABLE 11 summarizes the enrollment projections for 1990, with comparative data for 1960 and current enrollments. There are several options or alternatives to school services in Emmet County . Hence, depending on the structure of school districts, there will be different school plans implemented . Even under a single County School System , it would not be advisable to plan for only one Central County Senior High School because of population growth , driving distances, and winter climate . J J J I I I I I I I I 1Vilican-Leman & Associates, Inc., Residential Areas, Petoskey Planning Area January, 1969. 2williams and Works, Engineers, Harbor Springs Comprehensive Plan, Report No 1g59 _ -33- I • �I TABLE 11 PROJECTED K-12 PUBLIC SCHOOL DEMANDS EMMET COUNTY Projected 1960 1968-69 1969-70 1990 Enrollment Enrollment Enrollment Enrollment Petoskey Harbor Springs Littlefield Pellston Mackinaw City Cross Village 1,694 655 285 647 292 24 2,281 758 384 (630) Total 3,597 School Districts 4,423 700 277 23 3,900 1,040 650 824 300 24 6,738 SOURCES: County School Reports, School District Superintendents, and the Petoskey Area Plan. High school pupils in Mackinaw City could be transported to St . Ignace or Cheboygan, but probably not Petoskey because of distance. Elementary schools should be located to serve "rural areas" in existing centers of population . The new schools in Alanson, Pellston, and 1\/sckinaw City would be retained to meet out-County K-6 needs. An elementary in Cross Village should be retained . RECOMMENDATIONS From an overall planning point of view, an optimum school system in Emmet County should probably function with one or two School Districts. If so, the following school building plan should be evaluated for acceptance by citizens in the County, and modified in detail as necessary . i-·~~ 1. Essentially follow the school plan recommendations for the Petoskey A rea as presented in the Petoskey A rea Comprehensive Pian . 2. Retain a central high school and junior high school in Harbor Springs . Unless there is substantial unanticipated population growth, one elementary school wi 11 be able to meet demands I: , 1-; .....: -34- �3. There should not be more than "one additional" high school program outside of Harbor Springs and the Petoskey A rea . 1here are now three. It Mackinaw City elects to educate high school pupils in Emmet County, then Pellston would be a logical high school location to serve the area of A anson, Pellston and Mackinaw. Levering would also be a good central location for a north County District if Alanson were part of the Petoskey or Harbor Springs Districts. • 4. Assuming a high school in Pellston, A lanson could become a central elementary school service community . Some other options would apply in the Alanson-Pellston communities with regard to junior high and elementary services. 5. I .-I Reta in elementary grade facilities largely in their present locations The Cross Village fac ility could require reconstruction 1n the foreseeable future . The School Plan for Emmet County entails relatively few changes in elementary school service areas regardless of future consolidation efforts Some final plan decisions may depend on action at the State level with regard to further K-12 District ing. Also, the question of whether or not the Mackinaw Schools become part of the Emmet County system :I ·-1 I I I -35- �-1~ Jl ~ ,1 ll . RECREATION The purpose of the County Recreation Plan is to serve as a guide in the maintenance, creation and perpetuation of resources, both natural and man-made, as they relate to the recreation environment . Emphasis is placed not only upon resident use and enjoyment, but on the attraction potential for tourists as wel I OBJECTIVES The future of Emmet County as a regional focal point recreation will depend on successes in in the area of outdoor achieving the following goals: ' • Accurately inventory existing recreational facilities . Familiarize County residents and potential developers with existing resources and environmental advantages . Guide in the identification and reservation of desirable and needed recreation sites, recognizing that many unique areas can be diverted to other uses. Propose design standards for preserving and developing the County's natural resources. Guide future development based upon a design concept to unify the recreational elements of the County. Insure an equitable distribution of parks, recreation areas and facilities to serve al I areas of the County . Encourage comprehensive outdoor commercial and public levels. 11 recreation planning at private, Point up the need for various means of control in natural resource development. i,.J The proposed County Recreation P!an is a synthesis of the inventory, adaptable lJ4' recreation features, and the overall concept of recreation applicable to the County . I; ..,,,. u -36- �RECREATION RESOURCES Emmet County's Recreation Plan is a logical planning study in which to relate the knowledge of natural resources and environmental conditions to all forms of land aj use. Experience shows that it is not sufficient to plan specific recreation uses or attractions The community must also reconcile overall policy decisions on the use of a!I lands as they relate to the total environment of the area Decisions are needed on matters of uses permitted on a recreation site, the degree of development allowable in resource areas, the key areas that influence community character, and the ,mplernentation of development controls to attain higher environmental standards A brief description of the County's broad scale resource I characteristics follows : WATER In addition to some 71 miles of Lake Michigan frontage , Emmet County has sorre 10,400 acres of surface water. Since Lake Mich igan is important as a factor in regional tourist drawing power, development should be designed to permit observation. public access and retention of its highly aesthetic image Evening sunsets over Lake Michigan are particularly scenic . Inland lakes, rivers and streams are secondary attraction forces and the County 's accessibility to metropolitan areas give the inland lake primary attraction forces as well J. .I Whether for wildlife management purposes or for outdoor recreation activities, all of the County's water resources must be protected from pollut ion to retain purity and a natural environmental image. FISH AND WILDLIFE As a recreational activity, as a sanctuary or preserve, as a business or aesthetic setting, fish and wildlife are integral features of the County's environment Hence, wildlife management practices have a direct bearing on tourism recreation and the tou nst economy To be most effective, wildlife management must be extended to involve the vast acreages of private recreation land Wi ldlife in the County includes : white tailed deer, elk, fox. rabbit, grouse, woodcock, squirrel and waterfowl B1ack bear also inhabit some areas of the County I I I I ·I �.:. ... . . ' .,... .. _ . ·- .I,.-··-·~-· . '~ ~ -I Lo • ~ • • ,. .. .. GOVERNMENT LAND Although private forest-farm lands fulfill open space and recreation needs, they .. are not as permanent as public owned land . Private lands may move into or out of •• J recreational use in terms of the economic needs of the moment . Government lands, therefore, can be regarded as permanent features of outdoor recreation and they are more likely to come under Comprehensive Resource Management About j 100 square miles of land in Emmet County are State owned . This is roughly ~j twenty percent of the County's land area. I: TOPOGRAPHY Topography in Emmet County cannot be described in simple terms, since there is 1-, wide relief contrast among the sixteen ( 16) townships. However, the predominant steeper slopes may be found in the central portions of the County and in the IJ I-~ southeast . The east and north areas are generall y level, while the entire west side has slopes ranging from gently rolling to rolling -·j LAND I _· i 11 I; ~ Being the northernmost County In the Lower Peninsula, Emmet County has a relatively open character, interesting land forms, scenic woodlands, and many square miles of public land . These combine to establish a "land resource" that is coming under increasing pressures for recreation -resort development . As the intensity and density of development increases, the open space character will diminish . Wood lots will be cleared for building purposes, hills leveled and acreages subdivided into smaller and smaller units It also means hunting pressure, ~; sanitary and refuse disposal problems, and ecological imbalance conditions . I-~ The map, "Selected Scenic and Recreation Resources", inventories specific :....~ ~ ,~ 1,. ~ i-~--; I: recreation facilities and areas with potential for recreation development Public lands, State forests, public access sites, local parks and playgrounds are mapped . In addition, special or unique recreation potentials are listed . These include such features as potential impoundment sites, historic interest areas, scenic view areas, and related features with recreation-tourism significance . TAB LE 12 shows that there are 405 0 acres of local park and school recreation land in Emmet County . All of this land is owned by loca l governmental units in the County as there are no County owned parks. In addition, there are 7,273 .1 . . ... i.:.....: -38- �acres of land in major regional parks (e g., Wilderness State Park), roadside parks, public access sites and related recreation resources State lands, largely in the Wilderness State Forest contain some 90 square miles of land Another 2,755 7 acres of recreation land is in private and semi-private ownership, plus private cottages, ski chalets, recreation farms, and hunting acreage TABLE 12 RECREATION LAND INVENTORY EMMET COUNTY Recreation Acreage by Type Local Regional Total Recreation Sponsors Townships, Villages and Schoo l Districts City of Petoskey City of Harbor Springs State of Michigan 197 5 147 4 60 1 23 5 7,249 6 221 0 147 4 60 1 7,249 6 7,2731 7,678 .1 Totals 4050 i ~ I SOURCE · Emmet County Comprehensive Recreation Plan LOCAL NEEDS Statistically, there is a sizeable local park surplus •n Emmet County, both under current population levels and foreseeable proJections through 1990 However, the statistical needs are not equally divided among the local units of government I ·I 'I Hence, the conclusions drawn from TABLE 13 should be related to individual communities, rather than column totals I TABLE 13 shows that the local recreation surplus is mainl y the result of large acreages 1n Bear Creek, Bliss and Carp Lake Townships Th e Cities of Petoskey and Harbor Springs also reflect large surplus acreages Between 1970 and 1990, II I local park needs will be felt in the Townships of Cross Village, F ·iendsh1p, Maple River, Pleasantview . Resort, Springvale and West Traverse -39 �•-r . - • , · ~ • , . - .....•:~~••••:,;••• . - i. - •• ........ --,.. ....••,..u.--........ •• .:,. ~, -···- ............. . •,•:-"" Ji, ' ~~ TABLE13 ~ LOCAL RECREATION NEEDS EMMET COUNTY Ii -ll 1 ;__. L1 Existing Acreage Community 2.5 50 .5 2.5 5.8 1.0 1.4 3.2 7.7 -21 .5 +32 .2 +45.3 +5 .0 -0.4 -3.2 +5.2 20.2 10.4 +9 .8 6.5 8.4 -1 .9 6.3 3.4 2.0 2.5 23 .8 5.7 +2.9 -2.0 +7 .5 -13 .8 -5 .7 20 .2 4 .5 4.0 +15.7 -4.0 Subtotal 197.5 136.8 + 71.1 1--i 17. City of Petoskey 18. City of Harbor Springs 147.4 60 .1 75 .2 17 .5 +72.2 +42.6 I _-; Total 405.0 229.5 +185 .9 , -l (:L-. j 1~ ' 1.,--..~-;. 1-; :I 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. l ~'.J 11 . 12. 13. 14 15. 1-. ,_, tJ . Bear Creek Township Bliss Township Carp Lake Township Center Township Cross Village Township Friendship Little Traverse Littlefield Township and Alanson McKinley Township and Pellston (pt.) Maple River Township and Pellston (pt.) Pleasantview Twp . Readmond Township Resort Township Springvale Township WaWatam and Mackinaw City (pt.) West Traverse Twp . 10.0 10.0 ·, ha I-. ......., ii R7 • 16. 29.0 34 .7 51 .1 6.0 1.0 Community or Local Recreation Acreage Needs 1990 1990 Surplus (+) Need1 Deficit (-) !. 1Townships with a projected population decline show a 1990 need based upon the 1960 population . The recent 1970 Census shows some townships with larger population increases than what was experienced up to 1960 . RECOMMENDATIONS l l Emmet County has vast resources upon which to plan a highly diversified and coordinated recreation system . Demands can be satisfied in terms of citizens, tourists and others who may visit the County . The apparent abundance of recreational opportunity makes it impossible to anticipate every public or private -40- �recreational service that may 9ccur in the years ahead Hence, the Recreation P•an must be amended, updated and broadened or detailed from time to t ime Following is a summary of the major recreation proposals that relate to Emmet County and the communities within the County (see map oeg.nn1ng this se:;"t10, , "Recreation Plan " MISSIONARIES - Promote the historically important role of the Missionary in Emmet County . Acquire historic sites, build replicas of former missions, churches, shrines, trading posts, Indian cultural centers, and related points of interest INOIAN CULTURE - The life, habits and history of the Indian people are high ly interesting facets of any area's history, especiall y Emmet County The shores of Lake Michigan and commun ities of Petoskey, Harbor Spr ings, Midd le Vill ag e, Cross Village and Mackinaw Cit y al l have a strong history in lnd ,an culture Historical markers, reconstructed Ind ian V illages, museums and re lated means can be used to express Indian history to the educational-cultural advancement of tourists and citizens Wycamp Lake has an historical site listed in the Nationa l Register of Historical Places. I AGRICULTURE - Since the County has some excellent agricultura l land , w ork toward the cont, nuance of farm Ing enterprises Farms are necessary for basi c food product ion , they are important economic forces, they support a higher level of wildlife for sportsmen i SCENIC EASEMENT - Scenic easements are a means of preserving scenic areas without taking title in fee Easements would be most log 1cal along rivers where the natural image is important to canoeists and/or fishermen A 1so, along scenic roadways where panoramic views may become obscurred by development I I COUNTY PAR KS - A County level interest in recreation may well lead to the establishment of one or more County parks I· so , these shou ld be coord inated into the recreation system so as to supplement and operate 1n harmon y w ith I community parks and State parks Some recreat ional opportunities may on ly be established through County level action I LOCAL PAR KS - Recreation for County residents will evolve from County features and tourist facilities However, each community w ith ;n the Coun ty w ill have specific local recreational demands to fulfill County , School District , Township and Village lands should be given pri or• ty considerat ion as reso urces for local recreationa l fac ilities -41 - II �. • -II -I . -I: . . . -· .-~~ - ... -,.__. . , l j j ; .. , J .,·I FUNDING - Because of the limited funds available for recreational facilities, the County should encourage the development of recreational facilities through private enterprise and other public agencies. Some sources include: Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, U.S. Forest Service and others DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS - Standards of design should be developed and incorporated into local development controls and where possible, applied on a County-wide basis. (zoning, subdivision regulations, scenic easements) . TOWNSHIP AND COMMUNITY RECREATION · There are three basic recreation objectives that should apply to all communities in Emmet County . These are: Develop parks, improve parks, and generally meet the recreation services of residents in all age groups. :1 I: , 1~ Acquire, promote, and/or assist with the acquisition of and appropriate level of i of local recreation resources, natural features, historical-cultural interest areas, and related . Give priority consideration to the expansion or development of recreational opportunities on lands already in community ownership and use (State, County, Township, Village) 1-. Ii development Some suggested locations for community park and recreation features include: I ~ I-; ·. ~ -' ~-; l ~ .. ? '-' 1. I I 1. Bear Creek Township Near the Township Hall. . On Pickerel Lake Road at a transition point with the proposed freeway , proposed industrial area, and/or trailer housing areas With planned school locations, and/or · on the sites of larger community and regional parks. In the Bear River Valley area . On Round Lake to preserve open space L.... -42- _, ·- - ..... _,· ........ :... �Among scenic wood lots, forested areas and rolling hills in the community, especially in planned neighborhood areas . On hillsides or sites offering outstanding panoramic views such as from US-131 south of Petoskey and from Pickerel Lake Road 2. Biiss Township . Encourage the State or County to expand Wilderness State Park southward to include the sand dune areas along the Lake Michigan Beach d -I I . Provide for local recreation use (ballfields, skating, sledding, etc), perhaps in the vicinity of the Township Hall or in 8 1iss Center 3 J Carp Lake Township Retain the fifty acre Lincoln Park site on Paradise Lake In public ownership, and add recreation facilities Protect the scenic recreation and resource potentials of Carp River . This is a canoe water and fishing stream . . Establish some local recreation areas in the Township, perhaps near the Township Hall which is in a more central location 4. Center Township . Maintain and improve the community ballf1eld near Larks Lake Facilities may also be developed at the Youth Center and/or the Township Hall. . Local and community recreation services may be provided at the Township gravel pit, as a reuse of community resources 5 Cross Village Township .I I I I I I I Either at the school or on church property in the Village, recreation apparatus, ice skating rinks and related active play facilities can be provided to meet local demands . Develop a marina and/or harbor facility on Lake Michigan A marina would be an excellent complementary facilit y to the scenic beach -43- 1 �. The sandy beach area in and near the Cross Village harbor area should be used for recreation purposes, emphasizing open space characteristics. 6. Friendship Township . Work to acquire frontage on Lake Michigan for Township park-recreation purposes. . General public recreation sites may be developed at the Township Hall location, near Stutsmanville, or in the vicinity of the Five Mile Creek Community Center Develop recreation uses on the 80 acres of land one mile south of the Township Hall. ~ 7. 11/ Little Traverse Township Expand equipment and land near existing parks, and/or consider the development of a new community park for active play . . ' . ! I Attempt to acquire recreation land or access easements to Little Traverse Bay . . A scenic community park may be developed in and near State owned lands in the center of Section 11 off the Chadderdon Road. . Other recreation potential sites may be developed in conjunction with the Township Hall or some similar community areas of importance. 8. Littlefield Township and Alanson Continued improvements and expansions park-playground facilities in Alanson and Oden . at the small loca l . New recreation facil ities may be expanded on one or both of th e large school land ownerships 9. McKinley Township and Pellston (part) . The Pellston High School, new Pellston Elementary School, and the Pellston ballfield and tennis courts provide a variety of ex isting recreation services (ballfield and tennis courts are in the Maple River Township portion of Pellston Village) . '._. l -44- �. Van and Levering have no public recreation areas; however, small parks for casual recreation may be needed . A potential water impoundment exists on Van Creek and may be a good rl source for establishing a general community recreation area 10. Maple River Township and Brutus . The Township Hall at Brutus is in a good central location for community recreation facilities . . Local recreation may also be provided on Maple River Road and/or Woodland Road. . School District and County forest lands along the Maple River are resources for recreation 11 . Pleasantview Township . ::-... .: Local recreation areas may be provided at the Township Hall location; this being a central geographic location. The Harbor Springs School District own 160 acres of potential recreation land west of Boyne Highlands 12. Readmond Township Improve, expand and/or add facilities to the lake front Township park . Provide active type recreational uses at off-the-lake sites, as near the Township Hall Encourage the maintenance restoration and accessibility of cultural-historical features related to Indian populations and early missionary activities 13. Resort Township . An active sports recreation area may be located at the Resort School and/or with the fire station -45- ·I ·I I I I I I I I �11 ' I· t 11 Ir 11 11 11 I ,, .I I I . Long-range nei ghborhood recreation areas shou ld be developed in terms of the recommendations of the Petoskey Area Plan . Some scenic natural features in the neighborhoods are indicated as future public open space. . Seek to acquire park-recreation areas in one or more of the following locations. On Little Traverse Bay, at the north end of Townline Road . On Walloon Lake, perhaps in the vicinity of the Manthei Veneer Mill. On the north end of Wal loon Lake at the south extremity of Cemetery Road . Enlargement of the public access site on Walloon Lake at Resort-Pike Road . Other scenic Township areas with a potential for diversified outdoor recreation, preferably to serve all seasons of the year. 14. Springvale Township . Local park and recreation areas may be developed near Epsilon for a good central location . A facility on Ellsworth Road or east Pickerel Lake Road would also be near populated areas. . Reserve some rolling topographic areas for local recreation sledding, skiing, etc. hiking, 15. WaWatam Township and Mackinaw Village . Local recreational facilities in Mackinaw Village may be increased if the rate of population growth increases. Community recreation areas should then be provided in accessible locations for homes. . Community recreation may also be developed on the State owned lands I I I and school forests. The Township owns 125 acres of land north of French Lake that has recreation use potential . -46- �l l 1 I 1 I J ''· MEDICAL FACILITIES Emmet County is well endowed with medical services and facilities . The most significant facilities include: General Facility Location Capacity Petoskey 177 beds Petoskey 70 beds Harbor Springs 80 beds Petoskey 80 beds Little T raverse Hospital and Associated Burns Ciinic Lockwood Gene ral Hospita l County Medical Care Unit Beverl y Manor (nursing home) 407 beds Total In addition to the foregoing, plans are being readied for the construction of an eighty bed convalescent home in Petoskey to care for ambulatory patients those not requiring acute care medical services A 1I of the maJor hospital service facilities are in the urbanizing areas of the County Families who live in the northern areas of Emmet County have a cho ice of coming into Petoskey for medical service or going to St . Ignace or Cheboygan The L itt le T•averse Hospital in combinat ion with the Burns C inic, establishes a focal point of medical services. This is the largest hospital 1n the County and draws patients from an area which extends from Bella ire to Newberry in the Upper Pen insula P1ans for expanding this hospital inc lude a proposed six -story w ing behind the existing structure Capacity wi ll increase from the present 177 beds to an estimated 325 beds in ten or fifteen years Services at the County hospital are influenced by two characteristics of the area Tourists have a significant impact as demonstrated by the high month usage in July and August Moreover, 600 to 700 persons are treated at L 1ttle T -averse for skiing injuries each year . The County also has a higher than average senior citizen population Th is 1s evidenced by existing and planned facilities classified as nursing homes or convalescent homes I! retirement village developments increase in Em met County, additional medical care type services will have to be provided The trend toward higher proportions of elderl y c1t1zens will likel y continue -51- I I I I I I I I �I 1.i \ l ~ I ROAD COMMISSION A critical service provided 1n every County is the planning, maintenance and construction of County roads primarily in township communities. In Emmet County, the road maintenance problem is multiplied during winter months. Annual snow fall levels, plus the influx of winter sports enthusiasts demand that I '"' traffic move over the County road system under al I weather conditions. Added to this is the continual expansion of the County road system for seasonal or vacati )n I·j :._J home developments. Permanent home owners in townships must also commute to Ii.J . work in nearby cities and villages . ' Emmet I, Administrative offices and the main vehicle service garages are located in the City County's Road Commission operates from two basic facilities. of Petoskey . Some garage and storage faci Iities are also located in Levering to provide ready access to the northern portions of the County . Emmet County is It Ii If J responsible for maintaining some northern portions of Interstate 75 in adjacent Cheboygan County . Because Petoskey is in the southern area of the County, the administrative offices I .; ·'! • and main vehicle garages are not centrally located . Hence, it would be desirable I and more efficient to operate one large County Road Commission service complex at a more central location According to the County Road Engineer, such a complex may require from forty to eighty acres of land sufficient to consolidate all major services. I I The Levering garage would probably be retained for at least winter months use in order to serve I-75 . 1·u1 A central location for County garages involves some balance between a geographic -- I .! I· ~ center, and the center of County road mileage. The approximate geographic center is one mile south of Robinson Road and one mile east of Pleasant View Road in Pleasantview Township . This exact location is inaccessible by road and is among swamp lands Also, this site may be too far north in view of the County Road mileage in the southern townships I ~ Ji I, . I. It becomes apparent that the most suitable location would be within an area defined as being · ' . ;_, .__, l-: ;__! East of Harbor Springs . At or south of the Pleasantview Township Hal l . -52- �.. , ·. -l -l West of the Fish Hatchery . North of Round Lake LIBRARIES In Emmet County, there are four (4) public libraries, not counting libraries or reading rooms in the local schools A lso, there is a small library in Mackinaw City (Cheboygan County) to serve northern County areas The four Emmet libraries are located as follows : 1. 2 City of Petoskey City of Harbor Springs 3. 4 Village of A lanson Village of Pellston These four libraries provide reasonably good geographic coverage in the County if their services are generally available to non-residents (either by fee or other agreements) . Rural and township library services may be provided by a "book mobile" system . Aiso, there have been some successful experirrents with mail order library services in other rural counties Small libraries and/or reading room facilities may be provided with township halls, community buildings, and in a local school The Pellston and A anson libraries are quite small compared with the larger services in Harbor Springs and Petoskey . An urban area standard used as a guide to library needs, states that one ( 1) li brary is needed for each 15,000 to 25,000 persons in the community This is for a full and complete library and suggests that no new libraries will be needed in Emmet County prior to 1990, if existing libraries serve rural areas . A County-wide library system can ensure the ava ilability of complete services to all County citizens, as well as coordinate the resources of existing libraries NORTH CENTRAL MICHIGAN COLLEGE North Central Michigan College is sited LlPOn 255 acres of land io the south-central section of the City of Petoskey The present enrollment is near 700 students and functions as a two-year community college -53- -I I .I -I I I -I I I II II II III ~ �. . . .... .. 1-: -i l '11 lljtJ l ;1 u 1{·1 u l -:1 . ' In recent years, the college has been drawing about fifty percent of its student body from Emmet County and another forty percent from surrounding counties. The remaining ten to twelve percent came from beyond this area of the State However, this out-area percentage has risen to about twenty percent in recent years. This increase is partly attributable to the provision of dormitory space The college projects its enrollment to approximately 1,000 or 1,200 students by 1980, with no need for additional land This projection has been based on the growth trends generally reflected in the area, since it is a community college service . In view of the planned population holding capacity of Petoskey and its surrounding neighborhoods, enrollment demands could lead to a sizeable increase in the enrollment of the college, possibly bringing about a change to a four-year institution. A four-year college would attract large numbers of non-local students. 1. .-j I The skiing, swimming, and outdoor resources of the County should prove highly attractive to prospective students. Given the curriculum, it is not unreasonable to think of a "University" with a strong resort atmosphere . It this evolved, the area could look to a college-university facility with land requirements of one square < .,/ - I mile or more and enrollments ranging from 5,000 to 10,000 An expanded site is mapped on the "Future Land Use Pian" AIRPORTS 1-. I ;-l.. I·~ ~ 1,-: ;__, Emmet County has three public airports· the County Airport at Pellston, the Harbor Springs Airport east of Harbor Springs, and the Mackinaw City Airport north of Carp Lake 1. Pellston The County Airport at Pellston is the only scheduled commercial air service ,-,: facility 1n the County, and it serves a five-county area Existing terminal . the larger fan jet aircraft and increasing numbers of people who use air travel : ..;_j facilities are inadequate to serve the increased passenger traffic generated by service . Runway extensions are underway to accommodate 100 passenger jets, and a new east-west runway may be necessary in the next twenty years. A conservative projection of traffic shows a 1,000 daily passenger load by 1973 Ii I This is a volume comparable -54- L.., to existing loads at the Bay �-I City-Midland-Saginaw Airport, _ some 160 miles to the south. A new terminal building is now under construction and will have a large lobby and lounge with seating for 140 persons Restaurant services and parking lot expansions are also planned . ·. The Pellston Airport will likely remain and expand as the area's major air traffic facility . IT Is important, therefore, that residential, industrial and recreation developments recognize the impact of jet aircraft and runway approach zones when locating in the area ) I I .. ' .· \ 2 Harbor Springs The role of charter type airports is rapidly expanding throughout the nation The Harbor Springs airport is conveniently located near Little Traverse Bay, major ski resorts, and concentrated areas of recreation homes This produces a year-around market for private air service between Emmet County and ·I major metropolitan centers . As private executive-recreation air traffic continues to expand at the Harbor Springs Airport, there may be increasing conflicts and hazards created with surrounding lands The combination of features that make the airport attractive to air traffic, also affects land development. Hence, industries, homes and seasonal-resort dwellings are attracted to the Bay area and are clustering within a short distance of the airport AdJacent lands in glide path areas should be kept free of development or developed with very low density uses 3 Mackinaw City The Village of Mackinaw City owns some 320 acres of land north of Paradise Lake (also Carp Lake) that has been used for private-recreation air traffic Having sod runways and no improvements, this landing field receives very minimum use . The future of the airfield 's development Is not optimistic and casual private use may be the extent of future demand WATER AND SEWER UTILITIES A complete review of water and sewer services in Emmet County is contained in a companion report, "Comprehensive Water and Sewer P,an", April, 1971, funded with a Farmers Home Administration planning grant 1 A "-Ummary of the plan's findings Is included herein 1Engineering aspects of the Comprehensive Water and Sewer Plan were provided by McNamee, Porter and Seeley, Consulting Engineers, Ann Arbor, Michigan -55- ·I I I I I �I 1 SANITARY SEWAGE A number of waste water treatment facilities are being planned in Emmet County . They include : -I- 1. The City of Petoskey recent awarded contracts for the construction of a new 2.5 million gallons per day waste water treat ment plant wh ich Is to be :.J located in Magnus Park In the City . The existing treatment plant wil l be abandoned and the waste water pumped to the new plant by means of a pumping station to be constructed near the ex ist ing site I \ :.: .j '- 2. Bear Creek Town sh 1p has obtained the serv ices of Wi 111ams and Works. Consulting Engineers, to study waste water co llection and treatment In the Township 3. The City of Harbor Springs and Little Traverse Township have joined together in the format ion of a waste water treatment author it y The authority has recentl y received bids on a new treatment facil 1ty T·eatment will be an aerated lagoon type followed by disinfection and spray irrigation The location of the 320 acre treatment site is shown on the "Future Land Use Plan" map . 1· I Idi 4. Harbor Point and Wequetons1ng have contracted with the City of Harbor Springs for waste water greatment 5. Waste water from the Conway area w•II be treated at the Harbor Springs Little Traverse Authority' s facil :ty 6. 1·. ; Because of problems around Crooked Lake and along the Crooked River, the Village of Alanson and Littlefield Townsh 1p have jointly obtained the services of Williams and Works tor the purpose of making a study for waste water collect ion and treatment Work on this stud y w as begun recent ly and no recommenda1Ions have been presented to date The feasibility of Aanson and Littlefield Township 10In,ng the Harbor Spr ings- Little T ··averse Authority is be ing evaluated. ,/ . ·, ILi 7. The firm of Johnson & Anderson , Consulting Engineers for Mackinaw Cit y, is preparing plans and spec :f1cat1ons for a new waste water treatment facility I-: Current plans are to abandon the existing treatment plant and pump th e waste water to a new t reatment facility to be located on a six ty -ac re si te southwest o f th e Cit y (re fer t o " Future Land Use P;an" map) -56 LJ �I' 8 Aithough the Village of Pellston is not planning sewer improvements at the present time, it is recommended that they be considered in the near future, should financial assistance be available. DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLIES I -1 Safe and abundant drinking water is a most fundamental requirement to our existence There are two sources available for obtaining this water. These are surface water sources such as lakes and rivers, and ground water sources such as artesian and drilled wells. 1. Petoskey 's water is supplied by an infiltration well, 17 feet deep, and a :I pumping station located on the shore of Little T·averse Bay within the City . The water 1s chlorinated and fluoridated prior to entering the distribution system I t is believed that the infiltration well is recharged from ground wate.- flowing from the south , rather than from Little T•averse Bay, as the normal water level 1s above that in the Bay The Petoskey water supply is of I a good quality and not so hard as to warrant a softening plant at the present time 2 I I The Harbor Springs water system Is supplied by four wells and one 335,000 gallon ground storage reservoir In a 1966 revision of the City's Master Pian by Williams and Works, it was recommended that three additional wells be installed 3 One e1ght-1nch well approximately 200 feet deep and one ten-inch well 296 feet deep supply water to the Mackinaw City system It is estimated by the City that these wells have over double the capacity of that being utilized at the present time Storage is provided by one 100,000 gallon elevated tank ·I ; 4. Boyne Highlands operates a private water system which is supplied by one six-inch well, one eight-inch well and one ten-inch well Storage is provided by a 2,000 gallon reservoir and the water is reported to be of a very good quality 5 There 1s an existing water system in Hidden Hamlet, a development of recreational homes located at the Nubs Nob ski area The system is privately owned and operated by the Hidden Hamlet property owners. The system is supplied by four 4-inch wells and one 6-inch well . There are no fire hydrants .57. I . �., . -- ....-· . . --· - I Ii~ 1 d 11 6. .1 Ii·--· 11 11 '--J ~ ~ 11 L'Arbre Croche on Little Traverse Bay between Petoskey and Harbor Springs is constructiong a private water system which is to be supplied by two 350 feet deep wells The new system will be hydro-pneumatic. 7. Although the Village of Pellston does not have a public water supply, the Village maintains three (3) wells for fire protection 8. Wequetonsing and Harbor Point have water systems supplied by the City of Harbor Springs Bay View also has a water system and 1s included in the Petoskey service area The remaining area of the County is served by private wells. It is recommended that the existing water distribution systems in Petoskey, Harbor Springs and Mackinaw City be extended as required in the future to serve 1·~1 the areas approximating those to be served by their waste water treatment facilities . Problems will be encountered in expanding the present systems because of the varying terrain of the County Booster pumping stations and reservoirs will 1·1 be required to maintain adequate pressures 1n the areas of higher elevation _:/ l·i/ Because of potential problems within the Village of Pellston, caused by the small lot sizes, it is recommended that thought be given to a pub I ic water supply for the __ .} I: I: iLd: I: _j I·: . '! ~ IlJ~, Vi I lage . Considering relative costs, it is recommended that a water system be given priority over waste water col lect1on and treatment P:·1vate developments sou th of Pellston may encourage some joint utility service connections with the Village A public water system should also be considered in A:anson However, a waste water collection system may be given priority at the present time It would be desirable to have all dwellings in the County provided with waste water collection and treatment and/or pub I ic water sui:;pl ies. However, this may not be economically feasible even with substantial outside financial aid I I is recommended that the non-urbanizing areas of the County continue with private septic tanks, drain fields and wells for the present As further development occurs or as potential problems arise, additional sewer and/or water systems should be studied . .. Some rural areas that may require new or expanded services because of increasing I~ Shores, Cross Village and the ski resort areas 1n Pleasantview Township Demands development include : Walloon Lake , Paradise Lake, La rks Lake, Mackinaw in the rural townships of West T : averse, Friendship, Readmond, c,oss V illage, i,. _. I·; ......., -i -58- �.. .:• -· ' B11ss, and WaWatam would probably arise in areas near the Lake Michigan shore. The other townships may remain more rural, and serivces may never be feasible except in a few instances where concentrated development occurs. Levering, Carp Lake, Brutus, and Van may be affected under these conditions Springvale Township could have some potential utility service area near Crooked Lake and Pickerel Lake ... ' ; In general, there 1s an abundance of potable ground water in Emmet County . LAND FILLS Land fil l sites are 1nd1cated on the "Community Facilities" map . When needed, additional land fill sites can nrobably be developed with ",elative" ease, because of the rural and undeveloped nature of the County However, it may prove effective to operate land fills in areas where land reclamation could prove beneficial to recreation developments or other extensive use adaptations. Notw1thstand 1ng these objectives, care should be exercised to ensure that land fill sites have m 1 n1mum nuisance affects to home areas, tourist facilities, and scenic resources . O her methods of solid waste disposal, such as incineration, probably would not 1 be considered unless serious pollution and nuisance hazards occur from existi ng methods, or unless technological aevelopments render other methods more feasible FIRE STATIONS In Emmet County, there are si x (6) tire stations located in Petoskey, Harbor Springs, Pellston, Mackinaw City, Resort Township and Carp Lake Township (refer to map, ··c ommunity Facilities") Forest fire equipment and surveillance is provided by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (Pellston , Mackinaw .I I I I I I and Indian River ) hie community fire stations provide fire protection to some I 461 square miles of land and all are rrenned by volunteers. Ru ral fire protection systems rarely achieve favorable insurance ratings because of the wide geographic area to be serviced, lack of public water system, perhaps less sophisticated equipment, and lack of full-time personnel For example, a township can qualify for a special "r-,1 ne protected" c1assification, if it furnishes • fire apparatus and maintains at least twelve trained volunteer firemen under the superv 1s1on of a competent fire cr1 1ef However, only those areas within five (5) public road miles of the fire station will be classified as protected 1 1commun 1t y fire pr otection systems are rated on a scale from 1 to 10 A one rating is the r1 ghest poss ibl e rating , and a nine would be considered a minimum protected classtf ,cat ion 1 -59J �t :·:. . ~. :. . '- ·.- .,::- -- I I~ •I I II URBA N AREA FIRE PROTECTION ;) ~ The number of fire stations necessary to serve urban areas in southern Emmet County may be minimized through mutual site planning If fire stations are too I 11 .J stations may be req u ired to complete the coverage This could be costly to citizens who must then finance duplicate facil ities . -1 .:J 11 I - i, Ii I: close together, there will be excessive overlap to protected areas and additional TOWNSHIP FIRE PROTECTION In Emmet County, township development is sparse and generally scattered over a wide area. Growth projections indicate that 1t will be some years before significant new development occurs 1n rural areas, which are heavily influenced by recreation uses, farms, and forest land . Hence, a greater reliance on fire protection agreements with nearby urban communities . Existing township fire stations are located 1n Carp Lake and Resort Township . . ) Like the City-Village stations, these are manned by volunteers and have service I -' areas extending well in excess of the standards advocated by insurance underwriters However, rural fire stations are provided more for basic protection purposes than for lower insurance rates FOR EST FI RE PROTECT ION 1-, ,..z:/ l~j-1 i·, . ·1 Fo rest fire protection in Emmet County 1s primarily the responsibility of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources However, the nature of forest fire hazards requires extensive cooperation with private industry, local government and the cit izens in general . FIRE STAT ION PLAN ;,.,._,) I·: Considering the variables 1n rural fire protection systems, the following fire station plan may provide optimum protection: 11 1. The urban area fire protection system proposed 1n the Petoskey A :ea, appears to give adequate protection to the area expected to receive most of the County's new growth and development 2. It development continues at a strong pace in the area between Harbor Springs, the Ski Resorts, Oden, and the Petoskey State Park, a new station is '-1 •r ~ 'I J i-~ : i I likely to be needed somewhere north of the Harbor Springs Airport •_ ; ' c.. -60· �r,T 3. Continued growth and development in the Alanson Area will increase service demands on the existing fire station It the existing fire station is ever displaced, a new station can be located in almost any area of the Village. However, a better location might be on the west up-land areas. 4. The Pellston Fire S~ation affords excellent coverage to the County airport and the built-up portions of the Village . Rural area coverage encompasses ~l most of the immediate influence area of the Village and three-mile coverage includes those areas proposed for future residential development on the -I Residential Areas Pian 5 The Carp Lake Fire Station prov ides rural area coverage. There is excellent -1 rural protection overlap with the Pellston station and the two stations operate on a mutual agreement basis High value coverage reaches the shores of Parad ise Lake, and three mile protection is afforded to nearly all lakefront development 1n Carp Lake Township Fire service agreements extend westerly to serve C•oss Village J 6 Mackinaw City's new fire station will be adjacent to the old station in the extreme easterly area of the Vil Iage Despite this easterly orientation, there is very good rural area coverage to WJWatam Township . ;I 7. The northwest portions of Emmet County are without effective fire protection A stat ion in C·oss Village could fill some of this void. The prime function of a C· oss Village station would be to provide minimum rural area coverage, and this could extent five-mile protection into Readmond Township and portions of Center and B!iss Townships. 8. Springvale Township has a geographic service gap . Substantial new growth and development in the area of Pickerel Lake, East Pickerel Lake Road, and Epsilon could generate a need for a Springvale facility The need for fire stations in any area should ultimately be determined by the most effective respon se capability -61- f• ,':,.--: J I ,I I I I ' · ..,. ,l • •·'I I _j �.,.., . . . :~; ' - . ~ ~ - t ' ' I t _l Ii' '- 1 I.J Ij I J I COMMERCIAL Emmet County's major convenience trade area was determined to be coterminous with the political boundaries of Emmet County 1 Hovvever, the regional comparison trade area encompasses Emmet and Charlevoix Counties, most of Cheboygan County and the northern edge of Orsego County Within the County , however, there are three minor convenience trade areas based upon the drawing power of Petoskey, Harbor Springs, and Cheboygan-Mackinaw City . The three trade areas are superimposed on the map of "Existing Commercial : 4 Land Use" in this section of the plan I THREE COUNTY REGION 1-. Cheboygan Coun ty and Charlevoi x County are located adJacent to Emmet County in the northern tip of the Lower Peninsula These counties have similar ~A ·.·l development influences related to regional character, transportation, tourism, natural resources, agricultural, and industry This three county region housed some 43,900 persons In 1960 11 was estimated that the 1969 population of this region is about 50,000 persons, a figure verified by the 1970 US Census Since Emmet County's Prel im inary Commercia l Base Analysis was completed, the I I 1967 U.S. Censu s of Business was publ ished Without adjusting for inflation, the sales data compare as follows: Sales in $1,000 1958 1963 1967 Percent of Three County Sales in 1967 Emmet County Charlevoi x Cheboygan County $24,930 $13,165 $19,738 $29,977 $17,385 $22 ,374 $38,109 $19,390 $28,900 44 1% 22 4% 33 5% Total $57,833 $69,736 $86,399 100 0% A ll of the counties experienced sign1f1cant and consistent retail sales increases, with most of the sales volume accruing to Emm et County In 1958, Emmet ... L., 1Vilican -Leman & Associates, Inc, Central Bus iness Di strict Study, City of Petoskey, August. 1968, pages 3 and 3A \.......· I L -62 - �-· • _.._ ___ ~-•·--' - "I J ,· • ., ,.. accounted for 43.1% of the regional sales volume . This share increased another one percent by 1967 As indicated from the following data, the City of Petoskey has regained its dominant 1958 retai I position in 1967 by accounting for 79.9% of Emmet County's retail sales Census of Business Years 1958 1963 1967 County Sales as a Percent of three-county region 43.1% 43.0% 44.1% Petoskey Sales as a Percent of county sales 79 .0% 75.8% 79 .9% $5,229 $7,243 $7,654 Non-Petoskey Sales Volumes (in $1,000) Sales in areas of Emmet County that are not 1n Petoskey increased slightly between 1963 and 1967 After discounting for inflation, there may have been little or no increase in the more rural areas SEASONAL VARIATION IN SALES The exact impact of summer residents and tourists on local retail sales cannot be precisely ascertained . Ari estimate of seasonal variance does, however, portray a significant tourist contribution . The estimate depicted in TABLE 14 shows that in Emmet County and the five surrounding Counties' "comparison" retail sales run approximately 20% higher during the months of June, July, August and September than the Srate or Detroit Sr.andard Metropolitan Statistical Area . The percentages were derived from 1966 Michigan sales tax records . • •w I ·..!-.-_.•·• • .:: . JO... ' • ., I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I i l -63- �'• I I~ .l Ij Ij I I~J I. ' I TABLE14 SEASONAL VARIATION OF COMPARISON RETAIL SALES ~ .,, .J I Five Surrounding Counties Emmet County January February March April May June July August September October November December Total State 5.3% 6.5% 4.9% 10.9% 4.9% 7.2% 59% 4.2% 7.1% 7 8% 89% 8 2% 13 4% 7.4% 48 1% 14.7% ·464% 8.0% 9.4% 8.4% 7.6% 8.3% 7 6% 9.0% 10.3% 14 1% 5.0% 4 .7% 5.1% 6 .0% 7.4% 9 .0% 13.4% 16.1% 9.6% 7.5% 7 3% 9 .0% 100 0% 100 .0% 32 .0% 100.0% SOURCE: Michigan Sales Tax records, Treasury Department. EXISTING RETAIL CENTERS Emmet County's retail uses are illustrated on the map, "Existing Commercial Land Use" . Uses in the Cities of Petoskey and Harbor Springs are not included on 1-, • i 11 11 I; ~j . ·, " ;,_" I~ u l -1,.. r , • II } the map because the bu si nesses are concentrated in too small an area to show on a County-wide map . Separate planning studies for these communities detail commercial uses. Commercial uses are reasonably concentrated in rural areas, where in some instances, the entire shopping function is represented by a single general store Some scattered and strip commercial is evident along US-31 between the Mackinaw Bridge and A lanson . Beginning near Oden, the incidence of development increases, becoming densely developed from Petoskey's CBD 10 the Harbor Springs Road . Similarly, commercial has developed along US- 131 south of Petoskey and on US-31 to the west. Major concentrations of commercial uses 1n Emmet County occur in the areas with the most year-around population Highways linking the urban centers and rural service communities support restaurants, motels, gasoline stations, and gift -64- . ' -' - - -- -- - - ~ - - - - - - -- ~ ~ - - -- - �I shops. The fact that the rural service centers are quite small is evidence that tourist sales alone are not sufficient to support a wider range of business service in outlying areas. The picture of commercial use suggests that the tourists gravitate toward the larger centers of Petoskey and Harbor Springs for all but minimum essential purchases . RETAIL CENTER PLANS Future retailing in Emmet County cannot be measured with the same accuracy as past and existing trends. However, all of the projection indices of metropolitan growth, local population increases, and tourist business projections establish a sound economic basis upon which to plan retail center improvements. The actual impact of future development within the major trade areas of the County will determine which centers can be improved or expanded to the greatest degree. ' ·I I I Retai ling in Emmet County has a bright future in terms of the following : The County is a geographic terminus for tourist travel in the northern Lower Peninsula. It is a major destination area . Interstate freeways link the region with growing metropolitan centers. There is good access from Detroit and Chicago and these routes are continually being improved . The County is centrall y located within a complex of major ski resorts and benefits from year-round tourist business on a high level. Local population growth is progressing at a reasonable rate, and gains have occurred in diversified rranufacturing . I I I I I Although the County has experienced growth, much of the development has concentrated in the Petoskey-Harbor Springs area . Several northern townships are expected to hold a stable permanent population, with some slight growth. If past trends continue, a few rural townships may lose population. Following is a summary of retail center plans for Emmet _County: 1. Petoskey CBD Plan The long-range development plan of Petoskey's Central Business District is described and illustrated in detail in the report a_nd , plan,~ of Pe.toskey's -65- I I I I I �ICentral Business District, a separate "701" 1unded report. The overall objective of Petoskey's CBD Pian is to create ·a central community area that is attractive and can function as the comparison shopping and governmental focal point of a wide regional area 2. Harbor Springs The City of Harbor Springs has a sound base upon which to plan future retail center improvements. These relate to the high value investments in seasonal homes in and adjacent to the City, large marine facilities and services, and the increasing popularity of winter sports act ivities in nearby areas. In the County Plan, Harbor Springs is classified as a major conven ience center and has a large convenience trade area . It is expected that th e Cit y will expand as a major retail center in the County and probab ly w ill progress to include more comparison shopping functions. Specific plans for Harbor Springs' retail center have not been prepared as a part of this report , since the Cit y is engaged in a separate comprehensive planning program . 3. 1--_. Although the central retail area of Mackinaw City is not in Emmet County , this community and the City of Cheboygan exert a strong trade influence in I- the northern townships of Emmet . For the purposes of County 's retail center plan, it is assumed that Mackinaw City will pursue programs to plan and improve retail areas . I;I l,.: .,. Being positioned out of the County , no specific retail center for Mackinaw City has been prepared . l ;:-1 ► Mackinaw City l 4. Minimum Convenience Centers 1 ---. ....... lr..1. 'L-:..t 1.~ In addition to the larger City retail trade centers, there are several villages and unincorporated places that provide minimum retail facilities . These centers provide services ranging from a general store to several shopping center uses, as in the Village of Alanson . In addition , the minimum convenience centers are supported by touri st lodging facilities and perhaps some general commercial activity as wel I L• I ' .. I:· . ' '_, [ I -66- �- -· I. . . . . . . . .__ Following is a description of six Minimum Convenience Centers in Emmet County. The basic design principles expressed in these plans relate to : ·I Consolidation of scattered retail uses into expanded retail shopping centers. Provision for off-street parking to increase retail sales capacity . -i The addition of landscaped areas and street trees to make the centers more attractive. a. Alanson Center The Village of Alanson is the third largest retail center in Emmet County . Alanson's retail activity should be concentrated on US-31 with parking behind the stores. If possible, a large community park should . J be developed along the Crooked River. This would attract tourists, boating enthusiasts, and fishermen who use the River. A large central parking lot would be able to serve the retail stores as well as the park . b. Carp Lake Center Retail services in Carp Lake are largely tourist oriented, and there are numerous tourist lodging facilities situated around Paradise Lake . Existing uses include: Gasoline stations, marina and boat livery, sporting goods and hardware store, a grocery store, and several motels and cabin courts. The existing pattern of development is crowded, with little room for expansion . Future expansion at the Carp Lake Center will be difficult and expensive to achieve because of existing development. However, if an expanded market is desired, two critical objectives must be reached. First, the retail area must be enlarged to provide room for building expansion and off-street parking . Second, some landscaped open space should provide open views of Paradise Lake. c. Cross Village Center I I I I I ·I The retail potential of Cross Village is strongly oriented to the summer tourist season . It is reas6nable to expect some lake lot subdivisions to result in year-around resort dwellings. Also, there are a number of farms located in the surrounding area to support basic services . -67- I I �.,. L____ r··.:... .• J •r· -- ,, - -i..·~--J ~ ..~..•:·-,.... ('.... ... ~ r·· r·. i.....__ .... _ - .. --- - - ~- -·- ·- . -· ·---~ .J--· ., ., . ··!,: .• t ·; ,J\ '·_ ·' . .. . -,-- ~ ·- --·:- ---')) _ __ ~ ~ ~ ---.. , , .. . ,. , ,.~~ ".. ~. !,... I" . 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Inc. plonn i nQ c on1ullonll 1' �I II ~• □ □ o,r: . 11111111 I ~ □ □ Ill ~~~~ LIBRARY E3 ; ti ., v□ I .. ill: r. El l 00[ •.r,r, .• Cl 1 p :' □□□ 'o CJ I I 0 G ID IC!I I XX X EXISTING - LAND X PROPOSED CENTER TO U RI ST LOO G I N G IO - CA 81 N S I ~ EATING II ~ GENERAL COMMERCIAL !:=:=:=:=:~ OFFICE PROFESSIONAL ~ c=J ffiW.~~ 8 LAND SHOPPING ,----, I P t "-----.1 ~ DRINKING INDUSTRIAL . . SHOPPING USE CENTER COMMERCIAL CENTER BEAUTIFICATION PARKING AREAS 1.: '"JHf ,u,AU,TIOH Of 1HIS GU,tlUC STORAGE WAS flNANCIAlLY AIOtO IHIOU GH A HDflA\ GU.NI H,JM !Hf o,, . . u1o1,1H Of HOU51H0 ANO UOAN O[Vfl0PM(Nf . UHOfl THf Ut- lAN P~ANHIHO ASSISU,NCI ,_OGIA"l AUJHO.lllO If SfCTIOH 70 1 Of THt H0U5 1N0AC10f 19'4,,U,U>fHOfO, RESIDENTIAL 8 PUBLIC D=:J VACANT X SHACKS * - COMMERCIAL !•:•:•:;:;:::~ 8 I. X USE SHOPPING I I O I AOMIHISIU[O l'l'THf MICHIG,.N 01'-l,UliHHT Of COMfOIUCL- QUASI PUBLIC (I - CHURCHES I BUILDINGS 0 HISTORICAL APPROXIMATE: PELLSTON ' CONVENIENCE MINIMUM '5 500 SITE •.• . l i-~ ~ i:.MM ET ~· ;'.1;!.-., _._I CENTERS COUNTY , MICHIGAN -· . . . '_j!: ___ • IO00 H . SCALE vilicon • lemon ll assoc. Inc. plonnino con su I ton ts ·_,--·,; . ? j ..... �.,~ ·. -. . --- ·:., '~ 1: . . ·~ .... ._,. "" -- .. I The plan for future development illustrates a gradual "filling in" of retail uses between existing uses. Off-street parking is located so as to serve the retail stores and act as scenic turnouts for views over Lake Michigan . Landscaped setbacks are suggested for State Road to evolve into a scenic route to the sand beaches and boat landing, which may be expanded into a larger marina or harbor. d. Levering Center Retail services within Levering are limted although several commercial services are located on US-31 . Levering's plan is based on the possible attraction force of a "Ghost Town" . The original retail shops are mostly vacant, as former retail enterprises have ceased or moved to US-31 . Another possibility is the development of a pre-1900 retail street Existing buildings could be restored to their original design . Main Street could be cobblestoned and made to function like a pedestrian mall . All parking would then be provided behind the stores. The restored buildings could be used for actual retail services. It the Old Town theme does not evolve, retail services will probably continue to develop on US-31 . e. Pellston Center Pellston is the largest village in the County and has the largest concentration of permanent homes outside of the Petoskey-Harbor Springs area. The future plan for retail development is uncomplicated emphasizing basic retail concepts. These relate to retail use concentrations, off-street parking, and a beautification plaza or mall to act as a focal point. Added to this would be architectural improvements and pleasing center appearance . :_j I 5. Other Minimum Shopping Facilities The previous paragraphs described various shopping areas in Emmet County. In ~ddition to these, there are other possible commercial locations which may include shopping center type uses -68- �--1 Based upon the distribution and composition of competing retail areas in the County, ten ( 10) other locations have been mapped to suggest possible long-term future retail center development. The location of the ten potential retail centers are illustrated on the map, "Existing Commercial Land Use." Roughly in the order of their development importance, these locations are listed below : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Boyne Highlands - Nubs Nob Area Wlderness Park Larks Lake Bliss Center Resort Township (lntertown and Resort Roads) Good Hart West County Line on US-31 Brutus Epsilon Stutsmanville The actual priority and timing at which these centers may develop, will be dependent upon the rate of future County growth and the distribution of that growth among the sixteen townships .. ' -I I -I .. ...... :_ I I rt ~, -69- I I �I INDUSTRIAL Emmet County's industrial base is closely related to the industrial characteristics of the northern area of the Lower Peninsula. Although the limits of a region's economy do not necessarily limit economic development in a particular community, there is usually a close relationship between a region's indust rial character and the ability of local units of government to industrialize . By and large, the region influences the type and character of industry which is most likely to be successfu I. The intent of the Industrial Plan is to identify community areas which have physical and locational characteristics adaptable to industrial use. Parallel to this objective is the value of local industrial information to be used in programs of industrial promotion, including the development of planned industrial districts or parks. EMPLOYMENT In terms of employed labor force, TABLE 15 indicates the breakdown by occupation within the Coun ty . These figures are converted to percentages and compared with the State of Michigan . Those occupations contingent to farming 1 1 are somewhat higher than the state average. Craftsmen and operatives are lower than the State. This was also found to be true in the City of Petoskey . (See "Petoskey Industrial Study", March, 1969) Managers, Officials, and Service Workers have higher proportions than that of the State . This reflects in part on the motel and tourist trade in the region . The remaining categories are relatively similar to State averages. The categories most oriented to manufacturing industries (craftsmen, operatives, laborers), have a smaller percentage of the employed labor force than the State average This is partly attributed to the dominance of retail employment to serve recreation tourist services, as well as the general lack of industrial activity . :..... I I.' An overall analysis of regional industrial characteristics shows a relative industrial disadvantage for the northern counties of Michigan, since actual employment levels declined . Emmet County's 1950-1960 decrease was at a rate equal to the northwest region of the Lower Peninsula Petoskey 's loss was slightly greater than the Emmet County rate. Some re-evaluations o·n the basis of 1970 Census statistics should be completed . -70- �..: • . ..: - . -· i TABLE15 1960 OCCUPATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS Emmet County Michigan Number Percent Percent Major Occupational Groups Professional, Technical and Kindred Farms & Farm Managers Managers, Officials and Proprietors Clerical and Kindred Sales Workers Craftsmen, Foreman and Kindred Operatives and Kindred Private Household Workers Service Workers Farm Laborers and Foremen Laborers Not Reported Total Employed Relatic,n to State 550 228 10.6% 4.4% 11 .5% 2.2% Same Higher 632 581 411 12.2% 11 .2% 7.9% 7.3% 13.9% 7.4% Higher Lower Same 666 681 254 635 · 78 326 132 12.9% 13.2% 4.9% 12.3% 1.5% 6.3% 2 .6% 15.4% 22.2% 2.2% 8.7% 0.9% : 4.0% ' 4.3% Same Much Lower Higher Higher High~r Higher 5,174 100.0% .-.I J' 100.0% SOURCE: U.S. Census of Population, 1960. Of the eleven ( 11) cpunties in the Northwest Economic Development District, Emmet County has the fourth largest labor force ranking behind Grand Traverse, Manistee, and Wexford Counties. I Among these four largest labor force counties in the region, Emmet ranked : I First In : Private household workers Second In : Construction Other Personal Services Communications Food Eating & Drinking Hospitals Other Professional -71- �-· ...- .,··. -. ,·:...:..... I -; Third In: · Agriculture Other Transportation Wholesale Trade Other Retail Entertainment Welfare and Religious Industry Not Reported Fourth In: Forestry and Fishing Mining Manufacturing Railroads Trucking Utilities Bu siness Services Repair Services Education Public Administration Finance and Insurance INDUSTRIAL PLAN ELEMENTS Based on the existing employment characteristics of the County and general 1_j economic conditions related to manufacturing industry, it can be concluded that: The area's economy is premised on a retail-service trade with emphasis on tourist spending . The labor force of Emmet County is oriented to service-retail occupations and is lacking in the manufacturing skilled labor . The region is removed from the major metropolitan centers of the State and 11 '~' '1 ' I ~ I~ . thereby removed from large labor markets, major transport sy stems, and market areas. Labor diversity is a limiting factor in attracting industries that are able to function in this economic area of the State . Future industrial development may occur on isolated parcels until some basic changes in transportation sy stems of the area are completed . -72- i.....! �,· •,.:.·. _ --.!... .:~ •,. ·.: ..... .• ~..... _ .. 1••:··.:....!_.;_ -1 -1 Future population growth will be affected by future industrial development as well as increased tourist recreation services. It may be possible to see small scale machine shops, fabricating plants, electrical machinery and similar industries come to Emmet County at a gradual pace as in the past. The diversity and pace of future industrial development will be affected by the following : I I There may be a natural trend toward industrialization in the smaller urban areas as an answer to problems of overcrowding in major metropolitan areas. The future US-131 freeway will provide better access to the southern parts of the state and wi 11 enhance transportation efficiency . I Open lands suitable for industrial development near the Pellston Airport may spur substantial economic growth in this central region of the County . The provision of new community water-sewer systems as well as the expansion of existing systems . EXISTING INDUSTRY For the purposes of the County Comprehensive Plan, industrial uses include a variety of activities related to manufacturing, processing, storage and transportation . However, the key area of industrial promotion and industrial development involves manufacturing and fabrication processes . From industrial questionnaires, a fairly complete list of locally manufactured and processed material can be presented . The list below illustrates the diversity of the County's industry and it can serve as a guide to industrialists who may wish to supply materials or utilize local products. Welding Services Custom machine work Wire products (steel) Automotive wire assemblies Decorative hardware for automobiles Die casting and plating Electrical controls Sheet metal Foundry Products Molded Aluminum castings -73- Die and design of molds Building blocks and concrete products Laminated hardwood products Bakery products Threaded fasteners General manufacturing (custom jobber) Limestone for cement industry Cement Gravel extraction Components for Industrial conveyor systems I ""I I I I I I I ~, I I �.) • .~ ... - ·• . .J'I'"'.,. ·-- ~- ~~ -· I Ir"\ j II I I.. l TAB LE 16 summarizes the results of the industrial questionnaire conducted in late 1968 and early 1969. It is noted that only one industry began operating in the County since 1960 and two date back to 1900 and earlier. Th is suggests a high degree of permanence and stabi I ity among existing manufacturing plants. Also, the average employment is 84 per plant indicating the County's reliance on small industries. The Penn Dixie Cement Corporation is the _j largest industrial employer with some 230 employees . 'i INDUSTRIAL PLAN I I 1 A favorable trend for future industrial development in Emmet County is the recent view by government and industry, that pressures in metropolitan centers can be reduced by encouraging rural area development. It industry is encouraged northward, does Emmet County want it, and if so, where should 1t be located? The accompanying map illustrates potential industrial areas in Emmet County These lands are outlined for their general industrial site characteristics, and not immediate economic feasibility Criteria used to delineate potential sites include: Reasonably close access to region serving highways and airports; Proximity to railroad services as a factor to serve industry as well as compatible use relationships; Level to moderately rolling topography; _j I . ; l,..·_j Soils that are generally well drained and capable of withstanding structural loads; Existing industrial uses, or uses compatible with industrial activity . Lands that do not conflict with other planned uses and offer minimum conflicts with farming. I -74- I: I: • ! �TABLE16 COUNTY INDUSTRIAL CHARACTERISTICS EMMET COUNTY Plant 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Greenwell & Sons Curtis Wire Products Petoskey Manufacturing Control Engineering Perm Alum Northern Concrete Michigan Maple Block Michigan Bakeries McLaughlin Company Circuit Controls Div. Barnum Brothers Fibre Penn Dixie Cement Total Employment Transportation Need Year moved Rail Highway Air into County 3 60 60 125 54 8 avg. 5% 15% 60 27 5% 107 180 100 230 - - +90% +90% 900/4 10% +80% +20% 90% 100/4 5% 90% 5% 800/4 900/4 5% 95% 5% 100/4 900/4 +900/4 1946 1947 1946 1965 1952 1936 1881 1900 1958 1959 1946 Primary Market Area Michigan Michigan U.S.A. International U.S.A. N. Michigan U.S.A. Michigan Midwest Canada & U.S.A. Canada & U.S.A. .J 1,014 Total SOURCE : Vilican-Leman & Associates, Inc., County Industrial Questionnaire, 1969. The above criteria form the basis for selecting potential industrial areas. Within these, there are specific tracts or sites with varying qua I ities that wi II affect the type and character of industry to locate therein. These qualities can be considered competitive features for industrial uses, both within the County and the surrounding influence area. Site qualities that will affect industrial development include the following : Ownership characteristics (1.D.C. or individuals) Community water and sewage services Proximity to labor resources, housing areas and other community services Existing site improvements (grading, clearing, filling, etc.) I I Compatibility with surrounding uses and scenic recreational value Rail-highway and/or air access characteristics . The map, "Potential Industrial Sites", illustrates general areas wherein industrial uses may be accommodated. Some ..areas will rate higher in an industrial land market because of public water and sewage disposal services, fire protection and other municipal services . City and urban area industrial parks would rate higher than rural locations. -75- ' �The map also outlines broad community reference areas for orienting industrial developments. These are the areas of : Petoskey, Harbor Springs, Alanson, Pellston, and Mackinaw City. TAB LE 17 summarizes the gross industrial acreages associated with useable land areas within the broad potential industrial area boundaries (Refer to Pian Map) . If all of this land were developed with manufacturing industries, it would provide over 35,000 industrial jobs at the low density of ten workers per acre .1 To this would be added service industries and other uses to support such a vast industrial complex . If Emmet County actively pursues a program of industrial development, the following program should be considered: Encourage the formation of an active industrial development corporation . If organized at the County level, the group would have wide flexibility to sell the industrial potentials which best adapt to a given industrial operation . This could be done without regard for the normal limitations imposed by municipal boundaries. Some particular industrial desires may include: ' r .j on-rail or off-rail locations forest research environment agricultural environment r tourist-recreation access airport or landing fields From within the County select prime potential industrial sites, considering the following: - immediate short-range development - potential full services (water, sewer, rail, highway, air, etc .), if even at a reasonable future time - avoid outstanding scenic resources and productive farm land 1 For comparison, the City of Flint reported some 37,000 jobs in manufacturing enterprises in 1960. -76- - -- - -~ -- - --~ - - -- - - ----------- .=-- �TABLE17 POTENTIAL INDUSTRIAL LAND AREAS EMMET COUNTY Area of Community Orientation Gross On-Rail Acreage Gross Off-Rail Acreage Total Acreage Petoskey Harbor Springs Alanson Pellston Mackinaw City 230 None 250 600 420 480 1,000 None 660 230 710 1,000 250 1,260 650 Total 1,500 2,370 3,870 .I I I SOURCE: Industrial Plan Map NOTES: 1. Acreages are gross estimated useable areas and allowances must be made for scattered existing homes, industrial uses, and future internal streets and railroad spurs, if warranted. 2. The County industrial questionnaire reveals a comparatively low level of dependence on rail transportation among the sample industries. However, the railroad right-of-way can continue to be· regarded as a site location factor for planning purposes. Detail information relative to existing industrial potentials: buildings (size, facilities, services, etc.) favorable soi Is site size utilities and access I I I I Plan the details of an industrial park development. Such a plan would: - Illustrate existing parcels of industrial ownership and adjacent community areas which influence the industrial district. - Outline modules of land adaptable for industrial developmmt, assuming that the modules can be further subdivided if necessary . A single large operation may consume an entire module. -77- I �I _j ~ - Propose thorofares for the industrial district, giving due concern for the traffic impact in adjacent areas. The industrial and community traffic pattern must be linked, yet be functionally self contained . - Beautification treatment along boundary thorofares and in transition areas . - Provide for manufacturing and non-manufacturing, deed restrictions and zoning . - Acquire options, ownership or development rights to the key parcels, and implement a promotional program to attract development. The development corporation can be selective in locating manufacturing and non-manufacturing uses so that lands are utilized effectively and efficiently - Seek assistance from governmental agencies in funding programs to build industrial sites, and install vital utility services. The County Industrial Plan is intended to illustrate the overall industrial characteristics of the County . The specifics and f inal details relating to industrial development will rest with County-community groups interested in industrial promotion and economic development. ~-' ! I,.! ! .l ! : ijr"\ ~ < 'J J ,'' I -78- . 1 ~-~ - - -- - - --- . �,·. - , - -••.• ~, ~ ~ . I THOROFARES Thorofare planning recognizes that there are two principle types of traffic : local and through. Functionally different, these types of traffic should be physically separate, but designed into a unified overall traffic system . THOROFARESTANDARDS Future thorofare needs in the County will depend on the ultimate amount of future growth and development. Also, the intensit y of tourist traffic, both current and future, will influence requi rements Agencies responsible for street and highway construction vary in their recommendations relative to the dimensions that should characterize differing street types. TABLE 18 indicates the basic purposes and desirable features of the various thorofare types that were described previously . It is desirable to have center strips on all major thorofares to allow for left turns and to separate traffic for safety reasons. Collector streets should have an 86 foot right-of-way width . They could have more than the four lanes if less space were provided for sidewalks and planting in urban areas. However, it would be better to widen such a route to major thorofare standards if traffic demands warrant . REGIONAL ORIENTATION Emmet County serves regional traffic in primaril y a north-south capacity East-west traffic through the County is restricted to the west by Lake Michigan, and there are few major east-west traffic destination points. With the exception of Interstate 75 at Mackinaw City , there are no freeways located in Emmet County . However, 1-75 does parallel the County line some five _to six miles to the east through Cehboygan County . Even though Emmet County is not well served by 1-75, because of circuitous connecting roads, the facility is :. i rr\ (l irrportant in bringing tourists and others into the County's influence area . The regional highways which currentl y serve Emmet County are all two-lane trunklines, and there are no immed iate plans to construct freeway s. Long-range State Highway plans do show prelim inary concepts for ext end ing US-13 1 as a -79- �• i , . j J Freeway route northward into Emmet County. The final alignment and extent of this proposed Freeway have not been fully resolved as of this writing , and it will be a major County responsibility to work out detailed route location plans with the Department of State Highways. J l Some regional traffic flow conclusions follow : 1. Highway 1-7.5 from down state areas carries substantially higher average volumes than other highways which serve Emmet County . 2. US-131 carries slightly less volume than US-31 based on the annual counts. Their importance are nearly equal, excepting peak tourist season demands (winter skiing and summer). 3. , County access from 1-75 appears to be greatest via State Highways from the Gaylord interchange. Nearly all major community areas in Michigan are less than a five-hour drive from Petoskey. Within a forty-mile variance, Toledo, Chicago, and Ironwood are about equidistant from Petoskey . I I I ~. I I -80- I I I I ~I I I �I' I. TABLE 18 STREET CLASSIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS Analysis Elements Expressway or Freeway Arterial or Major Thorofare Collector or Secondary Thorofare Local or Minor Primary Primary (!=unctions 1 & 2 are eaual) Secondary None Secondary Long Distance Major Regional Land Uses None Long & Intermediate distances Major municipal & regional uses Limited Short in urban areas Municipal Uses Unlimited Individual Uses Unlrmrted 4 & Over 4-6 2-4 2 None 12 feet 4-25 feeta · 300-350 feet 0-2 11-12 feet 24-60 feetb 120-150 feet 2 10-12 feet 1. Function of Movement 2. Function of Access 3, Principal Trip Length 4. Land Uses Served 5. On-Street Parking 6, Number of I. M:,ving Lanes Primary Short 7. Number of Parking Lanes 8. Width of Lane 9. Median Width 10. Right-of-Wly Width 1.: I None 86 feet 1-2 9 feet None 60 feet : r-"'\ NOTES : a. Four feet is the minimum and should be used only with an unmountable curb and intervening barrier. Since turn i ng movements are not allowed, these medians may be narrower than on major thorofares. Twenty-five feet is considered desirable as it permits emergency pull-off on the meoian. b. Sixteen feet may be used in instances where turning movements are l•m•ted However, twenty-four feet is a minimum reservoir area for left turns. S•xty (60) feet allows for inside merges W!th opposing traff ic flow. Wnere flush or painted medians are used, this distance may be reduced to tne normal width of a moving lane ( 11 - 12 feet). I __ J' 1_ I~ 1 '· r~ -.,., THOROFAREDEMANDS :.-! . 1 1- Based on volume, traffic demands in Emmet County appear to be minimum, except for certain critical areas in the southerly urban portions. Moreover, there ' are several forces in the nature of modern traffic that suggest the need for higher capacity thorofares even if volumes do not give strong justification particularly true in respect to the following : 1. Increased number and use of private automobi les 2. Decline and ceasation of passenger railroad service . 3. Long hours and inconvenient schedules characteristic of commercial bus services -81- ~ This is ----=---~- �... ~ .. ... ·• •,. - . · .-~ -: ' .... .I :1l ·1 : 4. Trends toward a motoring vacation rather than spending longer periods of time at a single location . 5. I The heterogeneous mix of vehicles, their sizes, speeds and purpose . • ~ . 6. ! ' I Increased reliance on highway freight rather than rail transportation. I The above characteristics of modern traffic are for the most part applicable to many regions of the nation . However, the impact in Northern Michigan may be more severe in terms of seasonal fluctuation and declining bus-train services and the nearness of major metropolitan centers. Some basic traffic information is illustrated on the rrap, "Traffic Faci lities and Generators." I I '· I I THOROFAREPLAN ---:--:-:1 .. ' Emmet County is a comparatively small community of 18,331 persons, according to the 1970 Census of Population . Projections to 1990 suggest further increases at a moderate rate, to a population of 22,500 . Based on the foregoing, it can be stated that the County's future thorofare needs, I ~ ,:_i I including County Roads, will be to correct existing physical deficiencies, continue I roadway maintenance, and seek continuing improvements to the regional highway system. I I US-31 FREEWAY (Proposed) This is not an entirely firm project by the Michigan State Highway Department. There are tentative plans, but these are long range unless accelerated funding becomes a reality . Also, there is no decision as of this writing whether the ~ Freeway would traverse the entire length of Emmet County or even miss the County . A recent State map shows a Petoskey bypass to Alanson . There are three basic Freeway corridors that Emmet County can consider for future implementation . These are described below: Corridor A This corridor alignment bypasses the Petoskey Area to the east, extends northerly just west of Conway and then northeasterly to old US-31 bypassing Oden and Alanson (See "Future Land Use Plan" map) . -82- ~ �, . ·• I- I- I- - I- - - - - - I- - - - '~ ~ -· - ro: Uf\PER PENINSULA tl CANADA C £CI --{O ...~~ L 8 A Y 'tUN. STURGEON 8 A Y I ---------,I L~~--r-~------Th · ,,___JI s " t ..... l~ □ L ll . ~:-----L-d~~ 't (:, t r. ~ ~ · ~. . ' I l ~ ~ ~f--·-f--· I T. 37N. I I C I II ' ~----t· -:.,---7 I I I a,.-~-l·,~, I :: E R . N f: ~ S ;-~"=:~: u:: I r}··-.,·····,: 11 ' ~1"1 1' ' P .. ~•t1• r ' !: 1,. I "'r~11• N J_J 1 -- ' , I' , , " I " - : ; - : -======~.~-:---·===Jr========= L •••• I : " E W: . ' " • ~ t? t==,.;:,,<c~L__Jt_J O-·,s~,o;r--1 11 ---,.-----~~ [JI • ''-----'I 1 ~\ · LJ V ---..-- -- -T'I ] ""' ~'""'"' ·-", T . L" E .. .. ~ ! ___ Ji! !~:=:•-'°~=="="~~ p :: II --4r.=,==li,====!:!:o.!. ' ~ ~---- II"~ r- n : )~..~ [l r 1, D ' I \~~~ F .... ~.... I ·\~~L=,.J~~---------.1;,;-,, ! ' ; ,,,, u : I :: L· i"J•u: I I ,,,, ,, NII : It ~ L 11 ":_\ I •1 TI II II II " T I-· l,L~L,-J) E \\ LAKE . . . . :=Ie!!'~'!!:11= il =!==;)~-MH~-=~1='3:l=s=!,!~'... --'II ·;1 "''. □,,=I=-=·==:i l--~~---, v,1 -:;{:_~=,~~: ~! < . fs. ···-f-.~-·~l: ..+--i. . . ,~_,_ . ' rr T R A E R \~\E :~ -·. ~ r,/1 I --,·--~~~:;-~\ '.;~,: ;1 \/ . : 1l. I L D II ""... LITTLE II INDIAN RIVER 1 · 75 a, BURT LAKE I l r Tl/AVERSE 8 To : 1.40011 -',I ... -.J l . HN. T ,... A Y KT ·-lJ TO : CHARLEVOIX E A J R ··· · · ··· j···-· ···· ·1 G -· :~1 · r-· .1 V A L IE 1 L "Jw·,! "i:$CJ, , •• :/ffii?:D~ I )1 "-:-l•~" ~'Tft c-= ""-"".:---.... •••· / iW J,.-.. ' .. Jt• • •• 1 11 ~ 1 11;~ .;t:k~Rg,,TY 8,300 • 67,,. 1969 ADT VOLUME a z < eTO : gWOLVERtNE .. ... T. ~N. ~81·75 COUNTY rw 'I. INCREASE SINCE 19~9 PAVED ROADS 8 STREETS • EXISTING -not ,........no.. Of fM1$ G •A•MK w ..., ,it,041+(;1,t>IU AIOCO , ...OUG.. "flOUAl g.a,. .., rHt t>l,.Atl/11,lHT Of ~SUtG .\NO un.... OfVll~......1, UNIIII IHI l/41. UH 'IANNIMG A$$1$T41+Cl r•oG•A-.. AI.HftO .. uo U ,ao,,. UCHON 701 Of TIO ..OUIINC:H,Cf 0, I U.\. A$ "''°'"'OIO, ._""'HtHIO• IT Tltl MfC,110""' 0t,AUIIIIMJ 0, Co.Mftcl.• ..... yilicon • lemon a ouoc. inc. plonnin9 con aullonh ! €lJtg URBAN AREA TRAFFIC COMPLE~ POTENTIAL 0 SPECIFIC TRAFFIC GENERATORS : RETAIL CENTER 2 2 INDUSTRIAL 3 3 PARK 8/0R RECREA TION TRAFFIC FACILITIES 8 GENERATO·RS COUNTY EMMET I �£ C I C L II A y -en~~ UM, -••-••d T A ll AW A .•' -➔- - - ~ sruRGEON B u T +f~ ~ - ----•--f - A • .,,._,_.,_ l l : •- •-,;' . ~ ~ ~ ~ _ _ • • : •!.-- _lllJ 111: --------:+--~ .... : _....--,:--,t---- I : I 1 • I ----,--- . ~- ~-- . s ': s L....,.------- i l • ' \i ~ iI L 11 II - - .. 4 r= l II B t~...- #f{ ·,_J,-:, i, •a () ' - ~ + \: - , .. - ~+ r ' l - I n:; - I . . . -- I - -.;- : ' I : ' • ·- f . -+i ~ · - II - - - " ,, ___ _\,,,, ,_ •. 111.- - - - ·i , - 1 - - - - - _________J\_ \.~ . , ~---• ..,, -~ T·s..,_, I I • ""~ I r· 1, I I .._ __ _ T i --i------" : ••,._ r---:~ ~ ~ _Ij ___ I l} I J==-· al [ E .. ·-+1~r l\..__ 11 l . " -.;·----➔ S N ,, • I" ~ :,, H" ,, --I - -- - -- _f ___ _ /; p ,, i ,. I T. Jr& ..,i ___ ,_: \!~ . h D .___ T ! ' ~• E L 1' .,' ~ "~ ....-::: - - - -- - - -······ . · ·1~- I II i: • ._~======== _JL..J ~ ·~.::~ I :" E l~ I --- ' :-- ---1 ' C ♦ :J . ~ 1 i! ---....-- - _ ~ 1 ~--~ 1~=1 °:"J_,-_§L_~~~ -~ -\ ~] __J I., c::---,... i ~-w• \ .. I ir ' ....:.=-...1 : ' 1, ., :, -...,,__ •1 I 1r-=-.:.::;;"~-- - -- ' \ \ r' J:lp ..- -:;,--;.-'' L E ---- • ___ P1!9 E V ~: W_ .L-; • • TIR E 1 11 : V I -· ~--':jl ! T. . . . / E . l II " " . I . i:.. . . ~ . _____'"T____ -J -Ll:.= -..===JJ:--"~===s:i,p ,, T T Lt1 E 1~, 11 I R .. ·--- " --- ·----;.·----~\,j : ~ ~ LJu .... ,, •¾ I I --~~~---~--G-- I 1:~=='>~, " 1· p J. ';; ,,.,,.;:-:= : - ">~ ,);.~ J II ~~ ·--11--~ - __, T ,, _ __,. . i \ • n-, l'f I t'..-===-=--ae.=--,.A. JI J - '\' S \\E •1; 11 :~--- :!I l!-~~-f;J ·----,----r: : i :: ~ 1---......-~- ... ~ : '~.:~---.;1 1 ----f----·. :~ 11 I • ::l . 1• ~-- \~- - tt \!) :ii~ ~;.---·- ---·l ~~ ..::.. - -;...._ __ ____ ---.---.---1·r--, 11 T. . r---: T >c ... .... Ll77L£ TRAVERSE tJ A T •1 . .,. . ·.,~J: • - -··- - -- - ':N C T I ~" lj I I . /___ ___ -tI _______ __ !_ ___ _: j, ___ L A ,t ~ • 'I · Ji: • I [ ..... - , I I :1 -... .... ...... .... STATE TRUNKLINE COUNTY HI GHWAYS MAJO,. THOROFAR(S a P'RIMARY COLLECTORS tH, TO IZ:0 'EET OP lltl.HT - OP•WAT) .,,,.. _...,.ltON 0, - ~ OTHER STREETS WU -..C•••.H _ _ .. ,........ 00.....i •-""'°'"'"·'N\'tt~Oft. - a ROADS (Al MAl",ED) ...,.'°°",,,,._..,......._....,. .,,,.-c1 ,-oo•- ,..,,- ,n• u oP ,._ . _ SUGGESTED ROUTE EXTENSIONS , CHANGES REALIGNMENTS MC1t00t , . , Of,. . "°"J»G ..CTDf 1,,.-. •lA•f•O. .. .._ •..._.,..,.,.-c_N+.,,_,o,, co---c:1.· a /OR ..... willco•. lelllCHI • OHOC. Ille. ploaal111 co•••llo11ts I THOROFARE EMMET COUNTY PLAN ~ .3 )! 0 �-I I I I I I Corridor B Corridor B suggests a limited route in Emmet County . The facility would approach Petoskey from the south, then swing easterly through Bear Creek and Springvale Townships to 1-75 in Cheboygan County. Corridor C A complete Freeway extending from the south County line to 1-75 in WaWatam Township . This route is longest, fully bypassing all populated areas, and is illustrated on the "Residential Areas Plan" map . From planning work completed to date, it appears that Freeway Corridor "A" would provide the optimum needed services to the County (State-Regional needs I congested old US-31 from Bay View to Alanson is bypassed . I, US-31, PETOSKEY TO ALANSON may vary) . This is true because Petoskey is effectively bypassed, and the highly Existing US-31 from Petoskey to Alanson is now the most inefficient link in the 11 County's traffic system . Traffic volume east of Bay View averaged 8,300 vehicles per day in 1969, and 8,700 at the City Limits of Petoskey . With the introduction of new land uses (Giantway, Wicks, etc), plus existing uses, the volume will easily reach 9,000 vehicles in 1971 Hence, there is an existing demand for a four-lane thorofare . Some planned solutions include: Widen the present route to four lanes, and/or implement some phases of the US-31 Freeway Corridor "A" . This could begin as a County Road or State trunkline (cost factors) The Hiawatha Trail south of Round Lake may be feasible to develop as a trunkline thorofare, as it is not developed with uses like the existing route . It may also serve as a one-way parallel with existing US-31 . l·i Local bypass corridors behind Bay View and the Country Club can reduce congestion in the most critical high volume traffic area . -83- �The implementation of an improved Petoskey to Alanson corridor will ultimately rest with State Highway Department funding and planning programs. However, statements on preferred routings by City, Township and County Officials will have a bearing on final route choices. US-31 BAY SHORE TO PETOSKEY The present route of US-31 from the West County Line to Petoskey is relatively efficient for the volume carried . The current A.D .T . volume of 4,100 at the City Limits is not expected to exceed 9,000 vehicles in the foreseeable future. The major congestion points are in the City Lirrits from the west line to Mitchell Street. Because east-west traffic flow must pass through developing Township areas and Petoskey, there is merit to considering a "functional" bypass route around Petoskey. This bypass may be established as follows : Link US-31 with lntertown Road via Lake Grove; add two (2) miles of new roadway to continue lntertown east to Valley Road; Valley Road carried northward to Atkins Road, where one mile of new road would link Boyle Road or Manvel Road with existing US-31. Four to five miles of new road would complete this Petoskey circumferential route . US-131, SOUTH COUNTY LINE TO US-31 IN PETOSKEY Traffic on this trunkline has increased 53% in the past ten years. When the new Holiday Inn is open , the volume can be expected to increase substantially from tourists, conventioneers and others. The present route of US-131 is being improved by tbe Department of State Highways. However, if a 131 Freeway is not in the foreseeable future, this road should be four lanes or improved with passing lanes on hill or curve areas . M-131, CHIMNEY CORNERS TO HARBOR SPRINGS This State Trunkline is generally adequate to handle the current volume of traffic (3,600 ADT) . However, volume increased by 75% from 1959 to 1969 and may continue as ski-resort operations expand and seasonal home developments continue . Land uses along the route are tending to mix . The only major route change on M-131 that may evolve Is in Harbor Springs where the City's Master Plan shows M-131 bypassing the City, interconnecting with Lake Street immediately east of the City Line. -84- -~ �--I I I I I: •. ! I The highway could be kept efficient by controlling access, providing parallel service roads, and establishing passing lanes in critical areas. M-131, HARBOR SPRINGS TO CROSS VILLAGE Although M-131 carries fewer than 700 (A.D .T .) vehicles, this portion of the route is an impressive scenic highway with panoramic views over Lake Michigan, a strong forest wilderness image, and a rolling landscape that changes continuously . Future plans for M-131 are mainly in the area of development policy , so that future land uses and zoning regu lations respect the scenic value of the roadside and adjacent natural resources . At the north end of M-131 (also Lake Shore Drive) in Bliss Township, the scen ic road function should continue easterly to connect with Pleasantview Road and US-31 at Carp Lake . US-31, ALANSON TO MACKINAW CITY The highway from Alanson to the Bridge has been characterized by a dec lining traffic volume, ranging from -7% at Alanson to -41% at Carp Lake . With declining volume trends and a 1969 A.D .T . volume of 3,100 in Alanson, major route developments are not likely to be necessary in the foreseeable future . However, if a US-131 Freeway terminates at US-31 (near Alanson), US-31 should be widened to four lanes. Limted access status might be considered for US-31 before all of the route is developed with scattered uses. PLEASANTVIEW ROAD 11 . I This road runs north-south through the center of Emmet County and is most important as a recreation service road for Boyne Highlands, Nubs Nob, and recreation home sites in the area . '-"-' -85- I �Functionally, Pleasantview _ Road should be a recreation route. It is scenic, and in addition to serving some important land uses, would be excellent for tourists who have traveled Lake Shore Drive or US-31, and wish to return by an alternate route (or vice versa). STATE ROAD, HARBOR SPRINGS TO CROSS VILLAGE State Road is a direct inland connector between Harbor Springs and Cross Village. No major design changes are foreseen, except to maintain safe traffic flow . Normal design activity would center on sight distances, curve radius and the like. OTHER ROUTE IMPROVEMENTS Other alignments and route changes that may be considered are illustrated for : Atkins Road extended into Petoskey Howard Road extended south from the North Central Michigan College area . Wilderness Park Drive at Mackinaw City . It may be desirable to develop a new park access road with stronger wilderness image qualities. New County roads will evolve with the design and development of residential subdivisions and industrial districts. The "Thorofare Plan" map illustrates a County-wide system of roads, streets, and State trunkline highways that comprise the key elements of an overall traffic system . Whether or not all of the planned routes should be major thorofares (minimum 120 feet of right-of-way) or Collector Street (minimum 86 feet of right-of-way) should be a matter for consideration and adoption in the years ahead . In general, it will be difficult to acquire rights-of-way beyond the existing 66 feet in most instances where the roadways are already developed with even a few scattered homes. Nevertheless, there are some priority routes and portions of routes that should be widened to assure future traffic capacity, efficiency and safety . The mapped portions of the following routes should be given priority designation for action to implement wider rights-of-way . -86- �Suggested Right-of-Way Width in Feet t t 120 120 120 120 86 86-120 86-120 86 120 86-120 120 120 120 120 120 Lake Grove McDougal I ntertown Manvel-Valley Alignment Howard Sheridan Atkins Division Mitchell Pickerel Lake West Conway La ke State Pleasantview Resort Pike . ' It is assumed that the State Trunklines will be 120 feet or over. Freeways would have some 300 feet of right-of-way . lj I:. ,,, 1:~ 'I.~;: ·- · I.....~ -' I I- -87- �_.. ri rr' _, FUTURE LAND USE PLAN 1-~ ~ ~ I Emmet County's Comprehensive Land Use accompanying · "Future Land Use Plan" ~ Plan is illustrated on map, which portrays the the recommendations, concepts and development goals presented in the preceeding ~ chapters of this publication . The Plan map also summarizes the findings of twelve lJ County development. (12) preliminary plan reports and a Comprehensive Sewer and Water plan. Also considered are the years of discussion at Planning Commission meetings and the concensus of thought developed from the analysis of specific problems affecting The completion of the Comprehensive Plan, however, is only the first step in the Enabling Statutes directive to "make a plan" for the future development of the -J County . Now the plan must be studied and evaluated for adoption . The County, through its Planning Commission, must embark on the continuing tasks of t I. ...:.; implementation, re-evaluation and perhaps amending basic plan contents from time to time. ....... 1-J Many aspects of a County Plan fall outside of the specific jurisdictional limits of the County . The City of Petoskey , the City of Harbor Springs, the Villages, each of the sixteen townships, the School Districts, various other governmental and private fl fr 11 1·i 1·l '--L ___ j f :J -i development interests, w ill r· in the long-term implementation process. However, the County should maintain a leadership role by encouraging sound development proposals, enlarging the spirit of inter-community cooperation, and participating in programs that need or would benefit from County involvement . Such developments as the County Zoning Commission, a proposed County Department of Public Works and/or County Housing Commission are examples of vehicles through which the County Plan can be implemented Emmet County was among several Northern Michigan Counties that increased in population between 1960 and 1970. This factor adds a measure of optimism to the planning process because it reflects the workings of positive economic forces . Moreover, the County is rich in natura l resources related to water, topography , and timber, and it will be a major challenge to guide future development along patterns that will protect a natural environment that is becoming more valuable each year. I ·Jr---, (: play a major role -88- �- - - - - •~~ MACKIN AW CIT ?-r.t·=---~.._. .. C E C I L ---~ ~ t>••· ·~OA'f\•",.; ~.;-=· c..-, .. /.L tit'.,.. STURGEON · o" 'it:~IL.rl l:l:~ ___., ~/ lf;,~t,;(:0 v -~d,'rl' •:9 B ,< y )((.> 0 ~.. ..' v ~ ~ I s lL--~ lr7LJ[ n -, .I~ ... I., II_ •B j L 1 ·-:-~cs - . ,r· •.,;;_. I ' ·== t ~ . ")l i,;; " ' 0, ~ ... . ~~ r; ~ H S.:::: I 1~:tl1_q~ ~ n .. r~l)e. ' i;.o,\ , 0+, . 71 c7 :· c.l • !le .:,·.,;, J - ~ - J •J~..,c. t&u '-"'•!:;·'. ..:,,, .;, ' , 6:"'Vu e .:> "-~ ·•_,~<>c."'1"1:; '~ :.,, ~ .{;; ~D_~ C. "'-• ~t.Y C ~ ~ - ·- I.),, T. 37N . 'r.' r.. {,t. "' ---'..a.-,.C..,c;, (. ;--.c- .., " ~ , ~ c. e ,.,"',,. t.. <? ,> ~ <. L- Ir--"'= : ·c.."c.~_t.;; (7, ~0...., (! IJl _.._.. 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K • \.I • t IXIITlttl a Ea ,ulLIC SCHOOLS - COMWEltCIAL ~ TOUJttST S[ltYIC[S tl"'IIOl'OIIED l'ITOSltlEY A•ll• lLtMIJtT4•Y I C1400LI a ...... c .. . a ltlSOIIITI 1911 I FUTURE LAND USE PLAN EMMET COUNTY P'All'llt • ITATI ,oll'[ST Altf.AS , 01t[ST 8> l1t0,,-1Na 'IIT wiliCQII • 1•111011 a ouoc. i11c. plo1111l11g • co1111tllo11t1 ~ ~ OTN[ft OP'f.11 SP'AC( lt(SOU,.C[I. SC [NIC lttYUt · LAil( COJUIDO,.S,au,,t,u . AND COMMUNITY lt[Clt[ATION ~TINTIAL P'ltOPOltO) ~ INDUIT-IAL •• HOP'OltD IHJOft TMOttOP.,t(I a COLL[CTOltl ~ lt[IIDENTIAL P'UILIC P'AltKS • o ,,u , ,_,,.,.. - '"~ .. "°'·""'ef"*'~••""'· °"'""" ,-o- ''"- C>f,,...,...,~ _ ,,..to..,,... - c C:o-.cKt.· IXIITINe 11.IJOlt TMOttO,.Alt[I • COLL[CTOltS LOW TO M[DIUM OlNIITT •ISIO[NTIAL lt[Clt[.ITfON Of MOV~ . _ 1,1. . . . ,. ~ MN ..,_..,...., _ ••t•SI •...C l P-001'4' AWTl+C»IUD U U CJ IOl,l 1 .1 Of fNI '"04./ IIIOG AC fOf lH,, Al••l - ..... MEDIUM TO Mf8M DDtStT, •rstDIN'flAL ~ lm!1m ~ TNIS "'-.AN IS IJt T lt:titOID TO SMOW &INIIULIZID L41t0 MSI 4NC> .. JIIOT IIIITUtOID TD IIIIDIC4Tt ,..tClll l lZl, . ... ,.., N DflillltSIOfil. T N[H P•OPOl•L S •tP''-lC:T fJVTllltl LA•UH,131 lt[C-O••U•D•TIC>kS •NO DO ttOT 1111c11•••1LY 1......T SWC>ltT " • - c •1zo••·· PltOPC,S.ALI. ~ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Emmet-County_Master-Plan_1971 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Vilican-Leman & Associates, Inc. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971-04 Title A name given to the resource Future Land Use Plan Description An account of the resource The Future Land Use Plan for Emmet County was prepared by Vilican-Leman & Associates, Inc. in April 1971. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Emmet County Planning Commission (consultant) Subject The topic of the resource Master plan reports Land Use--Planning Emmet County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a1d042f496434210e5220f306bbc23f9.pdf 93d5affd330ada6c57ae4611bdfcf305 PDF Text Text ..,. CITV Of IVON ~ Rood I . .u 0 ► LAND USE PLAN FUTURE! nd Michigan City of West a , Single-Fam1·1 y Residential . Multiple-Fam1·1 y Residential . I l_-, . .i ~ "'z g .... ., z Commercial ~ ....., < Office V I I I I II · dU e Development Planned ,\!\1xe ~~ I I Industrial . an.d Semi-Public Public - Park and Pl Yg round~ a . Road . ty Pnmdry tate Trun kline or Coun Coun ty Local Road Ch-Church ch- chool ADOPTED •JUNE5,1984 h ··•:•; :::: UIEDTKl: GERAlDS()CIATe. ANDA~ATEO HlCOR CT ITV OMUL STER � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Westland_Future-Land-Use-Plan-Map_1986 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gerald Luedtke and Associates, Incorporated Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1986-01-07 Title A name given to the resource Future Land Use Plan Description An account of the resource The Future Land Use Plan map for the City of Westland was prepared by Gerald Luedtke and Associates, Incorporated. It was adopted in 1984 with updates on January 7, 1986. Subject The topic of the resource Land Use--planning Westland (Mich.) Wayne County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5a8473eb5add6d58df27cf4ce60b96b8.jpg 907e170f0e047eace522e9fdc9e13ccb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-Red-Misc-60 Title A name given to the resource Future of Red Barn Playhouse in Doubt Description An account of the resource A newspaper article titled "Future of Red Barn Playhouse in Doubt." It discusses the abrupt cancellation of the final shows of the season. It also explains that it is unclear if there would be another season, in part due to ensuing legal battles surrounding the purchase of the building. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Community theater Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file collected by the Kutsche Office of Local History from the Saugatuck Douglas History Center for the Stories of Summer project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c218ddeca9270c7b2f0797f0205c59dc.m4v 229543b7b547bb209cb956ff43ca8b40 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/cf8e404d0e6aa5324812171326082b99.pdf 8afec4f901fb6e5f6bf5e1178822c491 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans' History Project Joseph Gabrosek Jr. World War II 52 minutes 17 seconds (00:00:15) Early Life -Born in 1924 in Barberton, Ohio -Grew up and lived in Barberton until just after he was married after the war -Stayed there until his job forced him to move -His father worked as a drill press operator -His mother was a housewife -His father worked for Babcock and Wilcox Company through the Great Depression -He was able to keep his job, but at reduced hours -During the Great Depression his family had a garden which helped (00:01:53) Start of the War -They lived on an intersection that had two gas stations on the corners -It became a congregating area for the men of the neighborhood -On Sunday December 7, 1941 he was standing with a group of other men on the corner -Someone came out of a gas station and said that Pearl Harbor had been bombed -Prior to the war he knew a little about Pearl Harbor -Heard in the news that the Pacific Fleet had been moved there -At the time of Pearl Harbor he was seventeen years old, going to turn eighteen in February -When the war began he started to think about enlisting -He knew men that were dropping out of high school to enlist -He wanted to at least finish high school before he enlisted (00:03:38) Enlisting in the Army Air Corps -He graduated from high school in the summer of 1942 -His father wouldn't sign for him to enlist -At the time you had to be twenty one to join the military -In August 1942 a new law was passed that allowed for eighteen year olds to serve -He started to see friends getting drafted -He wanted to go into the Army Air Corps and become a pilot -The admission process was changed when the war began -No longer needed a college education, just had to pass the physical -He went to Cleveland, Ohio in December 1942 to take the physical -A week later he received a letter telling him that he was approved -The next step was to wait for them to tell him to report for training (00:05:46) Basic Training and College Training -He went from Barberton to Columbus, Ohio by train -In Columbus he boarded a troop train bound for Florida -He received basic training at Miami Beach, Florida -It lasted one month -Largely consisted of marching and classroom training -From Florida he went to Capital University in Columbus, Ohio �-In Miami Beach they used hotels as their barracks -On Sundays they were allowed to go down to the beach -The hotel rooms were left as is, so they got to sleep in hotel beds -In Miami Beach they had contracts with the local restaurants to make their food -Marched on golf courses near the beach -All in all basic training was an enjoyable experience -At Capital University he took a speech course, mathematics courses, and flight courses -He also received ten hours of flight training with the Piper Cub aircraft -First time that he ever flew in a plane -During college training spent all day in the classroom or in flight training -Despite the busy schedule he kept up with it all fairly well -They slept on cots in the dorms -Stayed at Capital University for March-June 1943 (00:09:29) Pilot Classification -After college training he was sent to the Nashville Classification Center -In Nashville he received more physical exams, interviews, and testing -Process to decide if you were to be a pilot, navigator, or bombardier -He wound up being assigned to be a pilot (00:10:02) Pre-Flight Training -Sent to Maxwell Field outside Montgomery, Alabama for pre-flight training -Spent two months in pre-flight training -The first month you spent in the lower class, second month in the upper class -Upper class would haze the lower class to reinforce discipline -Those two months were spent on class work, exercise, and drills -Lots of marching -Getting accustomed to military living (00:12:26) Primary Flight Training -The first phase was called primary flight training and was at Bennettsville, South Carolina -Began training with the Stearman biplane -It was a bigger airplane and more complicated than the Piper Cub -Had to listen attentively to the instructor -Remembers one flight during primary training where a heavy fog rolled in -Some men were forced to land at other air fields -No major accidents occurred during primary training -Some men dragged the wing as they landed -But no one got hurt as a result; it just slightly damaged the wing -Lots of men washed out in the first phase for a variety of reasons -The predominant reason seemed to be airsickness (00:14:50) Basic Flight Training -The second phase was basic flight training at Sumter, South Carolina -Started off flying the BT-13 -Bigger than the Stearman -Single engine, canopy, and two seats for the instructor and trainee -Also worked with the AT-10 -Twin engine aircraft -Used it to get trainees used to flying aircraft that had multiple engines �-During one flight there was a training accident with one of the AT-10s -An engine died and the aircraft didn’t have enough power to make a stable landing -One of the men onboard was killed in the resulting crash -Fewer men washed out during basic flight training -It was another two months at Sumter -One month for each aircraft (00:17:21) Advanced Flight Training -Advanced flight training was at Turner Field outside of Albany, Georgia -Trained with the AT-6 single engine aircraft -Began to train with the B-25 Mitchell bomber -In service aircraft -Flew at 200mph -Had to land the B-25 at a fast speed, or the engine would stall -It was a heavier aircraft because of the armor -Required more concentration to fly the B-25 -Took some adjusting learning how to land it -It was imperative to keep the nose wheel straight -He never heard of any accidents during advanced flight training -During one time he had a rough landing, but it wasn’t serious and there was no damage -At the end of advanced flight training he became a commissioned officer and received his wings (00:21:15) Sedalia Air Force Base, Missouri -His first station was at Sedalia Air Force Base in Missouri -It is now called Whiteman Air Force Base -Home of the B2 Strategic Stealth Bombers (long range nuclear bombers) -Started there in March 1944 -Began learning how to fly the C-47 transport -Primary use was to transport troops -A little easier to fly than the B-25 -It wasn’t as fast, but it also wasn’t as heavy -Overall, just a safer aircraft to fly -He learned how to pull gliders, pick up gliders, and drop paratroopers -Spent three months at Sedalia AFB (00:24:34) Deployment to the European Theatre -He left Sedalia AFB in June 1944 -His assignment was to pick up a new C-47 at Baer Army Air Field, Indiana -He was allowed to go home briefly, then began the transportation of the aircraft -First to Syracuse, New York then to Bangor Maine -From Bangor to Goose Bay, Labrador, Canada -From there they were redirected to Gander, Newfoundland, Canada -Stayed there for a week -From Canada they flew across the Atlantic Ocean bound for Casablanca -They flew for eleven hours and stopped in the Azores Islands -Chance to refuel and get something to eat -From the Azores they flew to Marrakech Air Field near Casablanca, Morocco -Arrived there in early July 1944 -From Casablanca they flew to Algiers, Algeria �-From Algeria they flew to Tunis, Tunisia -In Tunis he finally saw evidence of the war in the form of destroyed German planes (00:28:22) Arrival in Italy -From North Africa he flew to Capodichino Air Field near Rome, Italy -This served as his main base of operations for the duration of the war -He was assigned to the 35th Squadron of the 64th Troop Carrier Group of the 12th Air Force -The runway had have been lengthened to accommodate the American aircraft -Their living quarters there were in bombed out buildings -The building they were in, you could only stay on the first floor -The roof had caved into the second floor -For a while the only shower system they had was a primitive shower system -Eventually he just went into Rome and used the bathhouses there -Able to get hot water and have a private stall -When he arrived in Italy he started flying missions immediately -Part of the missions involved preparing for Operation Dragoon, the invasion of Southern France -This was scheduled for, and carried out on, August 15, 1944 -The initial missions he carried out was ferrying supplies, mail and personnel in the area -Around Italy, sometimes to the island of Corsica, and eventually to Southern France (00:32:00) Operation Dragoon and Other Missions -On August 15, 1944 he took part in Operation Dragoon, the liberation of Vichy France -Before dawn he dropped paratroopers into Southern France -The next phase was to tow gliders in that were carrying supplies -Some of the gliders were destroyed upon landing due to bad terrain -During Operation Dragoon he didn’t encounter any antiaircraft fire -After Operation Dragoon he went on missions airdropping supplies to partisans in north Italy -He did receive antiaircraft fire flying those missions -After Southern France was secured he was sent to Istres Air Field near Marseilles, France -From there he flew supplies north to the U.S. Army -The usual load he carried was 16 gallons of gasoline for General Patton’s tanks -The Army was advancing so fast they relied on aircraft to resupply -Ground resupply was just not fast enough -During those resupply missions he had to land in farmers’ fields -While flying into northern Italy he would sometimes pick up casualties and medical personnel -His unit took some casualties, but far fewer than the bomber squadrons -He knew some men in his squadron who died when they crashed into a mountain -Another plane crashed during a formation flying accident -He would fly missions five days a week -If the weather was bad he wouldn’t go out -If there weren’t many missions to fly, fewer pilots were called up to fly -If you had a mission you were told what it was the day before you flew it (00:38:53) Downtime and Relations with the Italians -While he was stationed in Italy he visited Rome once and a while -During downtime he wouldn’t travel far from base -He was also working as in operations so he couldn’t be far from base -He helped schedule flights for his squadron -Got the job after helping to get his plane landed at Marseilles in bad conditions �-The Italians would cook their meals and Italian girls would serve them their food -For a while he was sent up to Rosignano, Italy -Stayed in a house with an Italian family there -At the end of each month he would pay the family rent -The woman of the house would cook him and the other airmen dinner -Some men had intimate relations with the Italian girls -Remembers one soldier smuggling a girl into their quarters in Rome -Men never got in trouble for fraternizing with the civilians though -Towards the end of the war he landed at Milan a few times while aiding the partisans -They took him to see the gas station where they hanged Mussolini and his mistress (00:44:24) Mission to Cherbourg, France -In October 1944 he flew up to Cherbourg, France -His mission was to pick up new recruits and take them back with him -Their final destination was fields in northern Italy (00:46:00) End of the War and Coming Home -On April 12, 1945 President Roosevelt died -On April 14 he transported some Slovenian prisoners of war from Corsica -Talking to them, they told him that FDR had died -They had been captured by the Fascist Italian forces earlier in the war -I.e. pro-Allies -The war ended on May 8, 1945 -On May 24 he flew the southern route back to the Americas -Stayed in Trinidad for about a month -His assignment was to transport soldiers who were going back to the United States -He would fly to Georgetown, British Guiana to pick them up -Fly them up to Florida -Then return to an airfield in Puerto Rico -This assignment lasted from July-September 1945 -He was sent to an airfield in Georgia for a brief time -After the assignment in Georgia he was allowed to go home on leave -After the leave he reported to San Antonio, Texas and was discharged from the Army (00:50:57) Reflections on Service -He feels that he was extremely lucky to have never gotten hurt -He feels extremely lucky to have gotten to see the parts of the world that he did -Got to meet people that he formed lifelong friendships with -At the end of his service he toyed with the idea of staying in -Ultimately decided that he wanted to go back to college instead � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_GabrosekJ1695V Title A name given to the resource Gabrosek Jr., Joseph (Interview outline and video), 2014 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014-10-13 Description An account of the resource Joseph Gabrosek Jr.was born in 1924 in Barberton, Ohio. He grew up there and graduated from high school there. He enlisted in the Army Air Corps in December 1942 and went through the multiple stages of flight training at different bases, and finished his training in C-47 transport aircraft at Sedalia, Missouri. In June 1944 he was deployed to Europe and was stationed primarily at Capodichino Air Field near Rome, Italy. He was attached to the 35th Squadron of the 64th Troop Carrier Group of the 12th Air Force. On August 15, 1944 he took part in Operation Dragoon, the liberation of southern France, in that mission he dropped paratroopers and supplies into the area. Over the course of the war he flew supply missions to the Army in northern Europe and to partisans fighting the Nazis in northern Italy. In May 1945 he returned to the Americas and until September 1945 he ferried troops from British Guiana back to the United States. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gabrosek Jr., Joseph Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Air Forces Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Moving Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/x-m4v application/pdf https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c2ae540c6527ffaed521e2faa234b4ba.jpg b65bc1541b857100cc23dfc973c02d8c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GaffneyDavis Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Gaffney, Davis Description An account of the resource Davis Gaffney Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5eeb47b709f97d6bfec401f190936c73.jpg e930976a318bfc2425c3862fa53a97e6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GaffneyMaureen Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Gaffney, Maureen Description An account of the resource Maureen Gaffney Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/647f877e6a161913c90f6165627e0847.jpg 35dcfb494923bb9de99cf83400132b09 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection Winter Carnival 1960s Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 Title A name given to the resource Gail Clark, Winter Carnival Queen 1968 Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_001694 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Description An account of the resource Student, Gail Clark, after being crowned as the 1968 Winter Carnival's Queen. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Students Events Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In copyright - Non-commercial use permitted.</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives 1960s black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/408938bc0d8864d0b4ea06cad66e1789.mp4 64920388a8ef05f7e9b71c3605783f15 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/89773faf1331a5ce4851ac6e07683ff7.pdf 1d7268b4b89cc3ac172b5e593d4ff1f3 PDF Text Text Living With PFAS Interviewee: Gail Mancewicz Interviewer: Dani DeVasto Date: September 28, 2021 DD: I’m Dani Devasto, and today September 28th, 2021, I have the pleasure of chatting with Gail Mancewicz. Hi, Gail. GM: Hi, how are you? DD: I’m doing well. How are you? GM: I’m doing wonderful. DD: Gail, can you tell me about where you're from and where you currently live? GM: I’m from Rockford originally, the Rockford area and then I moved to Grand Rapids in 2017 I believe. I and that – and that kind of goes along with this PFAS story. Originally, I moved to Rockford- I lived in the Rockford area all my life. I lived in Cantford. And then I moved to Rockford in 03’ and then I moved from my house, I lived down on a little side street, to Mainstreet in 09’. And then that summer, I’m standing out on my lawn talking to my mother and the [Macintosh?] comes up and she starts talking about the demolition of the [tannery?]. And would you be interested in meeting with residents and talking about this? Sure, sure. So, I go and low and behold they’re - they literally- we wind up babysitting the site as far as proper demolition but were also trying to get them to test. They destroyed all those buildings without doing any testing whatsoever. Of a hundred-year-old [tannery?]. And I was like huh? You're really going to put us all at risk. And then the more we started to dig we realized; this is nuts. We found a 1994 – 90 – yeah 94, inspection of this site. I think it was by MIOSHA. And the housekeeping was deplorable. DD: [laughs] GM: And – And that’s putting it mildly, and when you're dealing with- I mean there's scraps all over the place. And some of them treated, and you can still find scraps. You could put up a telephone pole and find scraps. And – And so that even further encouraged us to keep going. And then we find these waste reports. And they would say, oh no there's no known contaminants on the site. And they’re saying we didn’t use any [unclear] or ammonia or anything. And they're saying we didn’t use any of those and were seeing it in the waste reports. So, no, they’re lying to you, to us. And the city is pushing back on us and I’m sure everyone has heard of the expression of company town. Wolverine was and yes, still is a company town. I’ve heard stories from- my mother heard stories actually, from an old time, he’s no longer with us, business owner who said he couldn’t even practice his religion of Catholicism because he 1 �wanted to be a businessperson. He wound up going out of town to do that and still keeping his business but that’s how much of a hold, that company back in the 50’s had. DD: [mhm] GM: So, but we’re still seeing this when there's pushback, we really don’t want to predict residents from chemicals. This is before we even knew about PFAS. I got into it, I called up Glen and I said I’m worried about this rearing its ugly head 20 years from now in our groundwater. And this was in 2010- 2011. I’d be sitting in there – these meetings with my neighbors and they’re talking about runoff, and I'm saying guys, what about the groundwater? And they’re like no no no no, this is all historical so it’s gonna be runoff. It turned out to be, it's both. We still have - there’s still chemicals in that, but the PFAS has been removed or most of it. It's still going underneath the river and stuff and invading the water supply. And – And so, it is both, there was runoff into the river but then there’s also this water supply issue. And my worry of 20 years came way way too soon. I wish I had been wrong. And so, we're being bullied, and there's articles in the paper. We put out a petition to the EPA, because we weren’t getting anywhere with the [DEQ?]. So, we - we make this petition to the EPA, and they liked it and they came on board. Well, there’s articles in the squire saying how we shouldn’t have done this, and they even printed our names which was supposed to be confidential. Michael made sure that our names got plastered and vilified in that article, which the squire does what he told them to do. And my hunch is he wrote the article. And later, situations with other sites- the editor made it mush, so I knew he was helping her write those articles. So, then I decided I wanted to be in city hall, so I ran for city council, and I won. DD: [chuckles] GM: By 30 sum votes. I beat out an incumbent by 30 sum votes. 300 or something, I forget. It was 3 something, but it was a really close margin. And I still- they would even interrupt me when I was speaking but I couldn’t interrupt them. It was all – it was 2 women and 3 men, and they ruled the roost. And at one point [it was – we were going to have-?] I go to this council meeting, and they say oh yeah, we’re having a meeting that’s, ya know exempt afterwards from public meetings act. And it was - the original part of it and this wasn’t even on the agenda, it was supposed to be on the agenda, and it was about labor, but it still should have been on the agenda. We should have gone out and come back, but they do it all after, and then after that was gone all staff was involved in those labor negotiations left. And then they started to attack me, for my stance on [unclear]. And it was - they were saying oh it's just a Hail Mary and its only ammonia. No, it was a year or so after that PFAS got on our radar. And I left that that meeting and I’m like [I’m not stopping?] this is too important, because lives are at stake. And sure enough, as this progressed and PFAS got to be known, that wound up being this baby jack [I think you’ve- I’ve talked with mother?] and I told people that [hate?] is like a grenade with a pin out. [You don’t know where it’s gonna come?] there's so much PFAS, you don’t know where its gonna manifest itself and how its gonna impact this life. And that’s scary. DD: [mhm] 2 �GM: And that’s why I was in this for decades so that years down the road people don’t say what were they thinking. And I’m still wondering what the town of Rockford was thinking. Because they made people who are impacted sacrificial lambs for their, Wolverine’s, profit margin. And for the town's public image. Of being this nice, cute town. Which, I’m sure you’ve seen some of the articles in the squire, if you haven’t, we will get them to you. Because it was unbelievable, the length they would go to, to stop us. And here people are having cancer because of what they put in the ground. And they didn’t want anybody to know about it, so you wanted people to die without being able to save their lives, without being able to have testing and catch it early. The earlier you catch cancer the better you are surviving. You really wanted to rob people of that? And that’s - that’s what got me into it. I mean, Rockford is supposed to be this predominantly Christian community, but yet there's nothing Christian about what was going on and still going on as far as I’m concerned, [there’s still pushback?]. And it drove me to law school. You know, after age 50 I went to law school, because I wanted- I knew I was being lied to, but I needed to know the laws. DD: [chuckles] GM: And so, I went to law school and that’s why I wound up moving into Grand Rapids. Because I’m visually impaired, I don’t drive. And [Trying to get back from?] law school. [I was going to Cooley law school?] in Grand Rapids. And I needed to move. So, I lost the election. Get this, it was another site that’s not connected to Wolverine that’s contaminated. And they wanted to put, and they are putting a [development?] on it. And I was against that and so they literally pushed me out of that office by getting the Widow of Michael Young on there and really propaganda, I didn’t have a voice and it’s only one paper and she was [unclear] line of Rockford, the city of Rockford. I didn’t have a voice. And it’s crazy and that’s what hurts. Not that they attacked me, it's that they were stopping people from being able to have agency over their own health and knowledge of what was being put in their bodies. DD: When was that? That the – that you lost the election? GM: 2016. DD: Ok. GM: Yeah, I served one term. I thoroughly enjoyed my time. I love representing the people and I like politics. And so - But it was just heartbreaking that they were willing to go to such lengths just for PR and money, and human life is way more valuable than that, way more valuable. DD: [mhm] So, what happened after that? You're-You’re not on the city council anymore, you're in law school. GM: I graduated. 3 �DD: Congrats. GM: In Grand Rapids, I’m still living in Grand Rapids. And I’m still involved in the CAG, and I’m still involved in CCRR. The CAG for those who hear this is the Wolverine Community Advisory Group, its connected with the EPA. And then CCRR is Concerned Citizens for Responsible Redevelopment which is the whole group that started this in the first place. And so, that’s where we’re at now. But there is another story I want to tell of how far they went. That really doesn’t have to do with me but has to do with a member of our group. Janice she was working for [Elboro?]. What does that stand for, it's part of the Grand Valley Metro Council. [And it’s the lower] Grand RapidsDD: Organization of water sheds? GM: Yes. Yup, yup, yes. She was working for them, and Michael got the director, Michael Young go the director to leave, either you work for us entirely and stop working with CCRR or you leave. And she said fine, I’ll leave. [unclear] she said to us later [inaudible] I could work for them full time, and they put out things that were helpful and she did a lot of investigating for us that was so helpful, and she had a knowledge of the DEQ. That, and she could connect us with people, and it was the best thing that ever happened. And God was walking with us. But that’s how, they were even-and it was illegal, but yeah, they impacted her employment just for his own gain, and Wolverine’s own gain. DD: And just for those listening, can you say who is this Michael Young? GM: Michael Young was a city manager of Rockford; he is now deceased. And he was the city manager for 20 years. DD: Ok. GM: Over 20 years. DD: [mhm] GM: And for his 20-year anniversary they had the retired judge [Cervas?] there. They had the news people there, and they were giving him this award about doing environmental work. I had every-and I was on the council at the time. I had everything to do, not to just vomit right there on the, at the table. DD: [chuckles] GM: Because his work paled in significance to what he could have done to help bring proper testing and accountability to Wolverine for the citizens of Rockford and the Rockford area. So that we could stay healthy, so that people could know if they were exposed to carcinogens, and he did nothing for that. His work paled in- Yes, having streams that are shaded and nice are 4 �great for trout fishermen, yeah and I applaud that, but it pales in significance to what he could have done. And I had everything I could do not to vomit right there sitting in front of everybody. DD: It sounds like you’ve been involved in a lot of different ways in your community for dealing with PFAS both through the council and the CAG and the CCRR group, it sounds like you’ve been busy, Gal. GM: I have. I’m not really- I mean now I'm going to be going in a different direction because I’m looking for positions with diversity, equity, and inclusion with my law degree because of my disability, that’s an important thing for me too. And so, there’s a lot going on and it’s pretty amazing and I’m very proud of what I did and what, I, we are continuing to do. In fact, for that group an absence of any one of those people; you know myself, Lynn, Grant Mittich and Lynn’s husband: Mike, Lynn MacIntosh and Mike MacIntosh, we could not have done what we did, it took all of us. There’s no one star, it’s everybody. And that’s what a community is all about, is everybody, not just the businesses but everybody including the residents and Rockford’s forgotten that. They forgot that we pay your taxes too and we need to be listened to and they have still forgotten that. DD: How did CCRR form? GM: That was-that was first the Central Rockford Neighborhood Association. And I was a part of that too, I was the secretary, I ran unopposed, it was really funny. A month into it, I’m running for an office and here I am secretary. And-but some people didn’t want to be a part of the Wolverine thing. So, we split the 2 groups in half. The paper still smushed us together they want to paint everybody in that neighborhood with a bad light. So, then we started CCRR and kept CRNA, Central Rockford Neighborhood Association separate. So that’s how it all started. And I respect some people didn’t want that much drama in their life and it [it is?] a lot of drama. And it’s unfortunate that we- unfortunate because human life is human life and if you’re a right to life [you should be about?] protecting people from carcinogens. [both speaking unclear] DD: How have you handled the drama in your life? GM: I do a lot of venting [laughs] and I for a while was eating my stress. And then-and then I got into law school and that helped because then I was doing something constructive and also that’s why I got on the council because the stress I needed to be doing something, I had to put it in action and that’s what you do when you see something that’s important to you, you put it into action. DD: So, moving forward what concerns do you have about PFAS contamination? 5 �GM: I’m worried about where [unclear] are going and we’re still finding stray barrels around and I’m worried that they're not testing about- with it- and there are other areas in fact I’ve got to even get my mother’s water tested and I’ve got to figure out how to do that. She lives out in [Canonsburg?] and whether it’s connected with PFAS, I mean with Wolverine PFAS I don’t know. Because there are other things that cause PFAS. So, I want to make sure that people are aware of where those [tubes?] are going and I want more action by Wolverine on clean up on House Street and what is actually happening, and they literally use the court system to insulate themselves from more action. And they really-and they also need to be accountable for what's going on in Plainfield and that bothers me too. They really broke the law already and unfortunately the AG’s office, the attorney general's office didn’t see that because they were, they said, okay you can put-you can continue to dump here in Plainfield, but it can’t enter the ground water. Well, it has and that was in a court order, and they're not being held accountable for it. So, where's our court dollars and tax dollars in the court going? To help Wolverine, and that’s, that’s disturbing, and it don't look right. And we-they did this in the federal court with only the EPA, Eagle, what is now called Eagle [inaudible] EQ which is now called Eagle, and Wolverine. citizens weren’t involved in that negotiation on what was going on there. What their cleanup is supposed to be, so all those people affected on Health Street had no voice and if they did it wasn’t listened to much because it’s not enough. And you just can’t just be comfortable as Wolverine [inaudible statement] with your water you’ve gotta be darn sure there’s nothing wrong. Not just comfortable like a shoe or mattress, but one-hundred percent sure. And it was not taken into account very much in my opinion. There’s work going on and we have a great relationship and credibility with the EPA and with Eagle so that is very helpful, and we have been able to say uh-uh it needs to be- there needs to be more action here and they’ve listened to us. There was a plan they wanted to do for Health Street and it was a non-starter, it was - it was like doing nothing and so they had to go back to the drawing board and that’s where we’re at now with it. So, it’s just keeping them to the fire, and that is what I told the EPA, none of this can go away because they’ll just drop the ball and that’ll be it and people will still be impacted, and this is a forever chemical and so it’s going to be forever that we keep an eye on it. DD: Before we wrap up is there anything else that you’d like to add that we haven’t touched on today? Or anything you’d like to go back to and say more about? GM: No, I think, my outline is on my phone so I’m not texting anybody I’m just[both laughing] GM: I had my outline on my phone and I want to make sure, I do have some articles here, but I couldn’t read them on my phone. Oh yeah, the city council- oh what year was that? It was before I was even on it, so it was like 2011 or something or 2012. Before I got on it. I sent a letter to John Biles, he was a part of Wolverine, and all five city council members were on at the time signed it, trashing us and saying how they support them and they will help them and it was just- it was not helpful at all. I mean, it definitely showed their colors of not wanting to protect the citizens. Because that’s where environmental action starts and prevention starts, the city 6 �and municipalities can protect the citizens that where it starts. And if you don’t do that, and if the state who also has this duty to protect the citizens as part of their police powers that the constitution gives the state, then where are we? We’re lost. And we need more people to step up, there are some good people at Eagle at the beginning of this, they would say oh wait, I would hear, oh yes, they really see what's happening here and they agree with us and then they’d be moved to another project. So as soon as someone saw what was going on they would be moved to another project. No, no more. And thank goodness now we have the same people but, in a way, it was, you know it was only really after the whole it exploded with PFAS that I really started to see the same people. And there was one particular person who was on there, David O’Donnell who literally was helping Wolverine. They-we have a picture of Michael Young, David O’Donnell and someone from Wolverine standing by the river and their [unclear] it and there was no permit for this, I think it was right where the wastewater treatment plant used to be. You know, kind of the highest contaminated spot, no permit, no regulations they’re just [unclear] away. They have been known to even, during a rainstorm, they would spray it with water by hose, it was a solution to pollution with dilution. And he’s still in the Eagle, they moved him to Lansing. I’m like come on, I mean as a person with a disability it’s hard to get a job, and here he’s doing all these horrible things and he, yet he gets a job? Uh uh, and I justthey've gotten better, and we’ve gotten a good relationship with them, and we’ve gotten credibility and that’s why that other site that’s not related to Wolverine did so well and was cleaned up much better than would have been had we not had that relationship with Eagle. And so, it’s gotten better but I think there’s more that can be done because your gonna have these [unclear] and not just here in Rockford but also [Portsmith?] and Portage and there’s other places I think in the state and they’re going to need to be on top of it and they're going to need to inform the residents not way after the fact, so they can be doing proactive health screenings and testing and know where they’re at. So, they can either you know [inaudible] water system or bottle their water way before, I mean that’s why we really gotta keep an eye on [inaudible]. Right now, the technology isn't there to scoop it out of the ground and out of the water supply. We don’t have the technology for that yet. They are working on that, but we just don’t have it. DD: [hmm] GM: That’s all-I think that’s it. DD: [chuckles] Well thank you so much, Gail, for taking the time to share your story today. GM: Oh, you're welcome. 7 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Living with PFAS Interviews Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Devasto, Danielle Description An account of the resource Beginning in 2021, the Living with PFAS interviews were recorded to gather the personal stories of individuals impacted by PFAS contamination. PFAS, or per- and polyflourinated substances, are a large group of human-made chemicals used widely since the 1940s to make coatings and products resistant to heat, oil, stains, grease, and water. They can be found in countless household items, including food packaging, non-stick cookware, stain-resistant furniture, and water-resistant clothing. These chemicals are often called “forever chemicals” because they do not break down easily, can move through soils and contaminate drinking water sources, and build up in animals, plants, and people. PFAS have been linked to increased incidences of various cancers, increased cholesterol, decreased fertility, birth defects, kidney and liver disease, and immune system suppression, and thyroid dysfunction. It is estimated that PFAS are in the drinking water of more than 200 million Americans (Andrews & Naidenko, 2020). In Michigan alone, over 280 sites have PFAS contamination exceeding maximum contamination levels for groundwater (MPART, 2024). Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Living with PFAS (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In copyright Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Personal narrative PFAs (Perfluorinated chemicals) Groundwater--Pollution Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-11 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf audio/mp3 Type The nature or genre of the resource Motion Picture Text Sound Language A language of the resource eng Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context PFAS0030 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mancewicz, Gail Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021-09-28 Title A name given to the resource Gail Mancewicz, 2021 (Interview video and transcript) Description An account of the resource Gail Mancewicz lives in Rockford, Michigan. In this interview, Mancewicz discusses the demolition of the old Wolverine tannery and the environmental and public health impact on the community. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource DeVasto, Danielle (interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Personal narrative PFAs (Perfluorinated chemicals) Groundwater--Pollution Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Living with PFAS (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/89f2e553bb08bc67a3d2c74287d806b9.jpg a77ede10e2bc2c1ab86267287a8c23bf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_GalewoodSewer_1935_001 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935-11-21 Title A name given to the resource Galewood sewer project Description An account of the resource Group of ten men with shovels Subject The topic of the resource Chicago (Ill.) Sewerage Excavation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/aa387de5118afa610fc66be69343f6f6.jpg 555aab168ccafe783debdcfe48ebddbb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_GalewoodSewer_1935_002 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935-11-21 Title A name given to the resource Galewood sewer project Description An account of the resource Group of ten men with shovels Subject The topic of the resource Chicago (Ill.) Sewerage Excavation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b6ea010ec782d1cbc86b4aafaea7341b.jpg bfe09257e21b605a209c1bd4aca574b8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_GalewoodSewer_1935_003 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935-11-21 Title A name given to the resource Galewood sewer project Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of people working in a ditch in a street lined with houses. Subject The topic of the resource Chicago (Ill.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/56f624835936b8a7e69bbf896c02fb6a.jpg b6df4a76eb4910f04ed29328b1338fc0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_GalewoodSewer_1935_004 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935-11-21 Title A name given to the resource Galewood sewer project Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph looking down a street lined with tall buildings. Automobiles are parked along the street, and people are visible walking. Subject The topic of the resource Chicago (Ill.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4029c1ee8154ba81748571012e1bee03.mp4 2dcc06b94edef58473514dad164bce62 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/00983233346248fa4ec8912a04ac6a5f.pdf f7b821c507bab9f5f1a5a7fea6ec15c8 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans' History Project Fred Gallert World War II 31 minutes 37 seconds (00:00:14) Early Life -Born in Winnipeg, Canada on July 17, 1921 -Lived there for his first two years of life -Moved to Saint Joseph, Michigan -Parents were farmers -Had a small plot of land and worked that during the Great Depression -He had nine siblings -He was the ninth child of the family -Attended high school and graduated in 1939 (00:02:03) Start of the War -Didn't pay a lot of attention to the war when it started in 1939 -In college at Central Michigan University when Pearl Harbor was attacked in 1941 -Became a big topic of discussion -Initially wasn't too concerned (00:03:21) Getting Drafted -Got drafted in June 1942 -Sent to Fort Custer, Michigan for processing -Already started receiving orders -Wasn't a problem for him because he was expecting it (00:04:48) Basic Training -Took a test to become an interpreter for German prisoners of war -Spoke German because his parents spoke it around him when he was growing up -Received basic training at Fort Custer, Michigan near Kalamazoo -Trained with other draftees -Most of the men were around his age, some were a little younger though -Consisted of drills and learning about Army protocol -High emphasis on discipline -Adjusted to the Army pretty well -Received some rifle training -Lasted six weeks -Got weekend passes home -Took the interpreter test near the end of basic training (00:08:19) Stationed at Fort Custer -Stationed at Fort Custer dealing with the German prisoners of war there in late summer 1942 -Worked alongside military intelligence personnel and military police -They wanted the information that he could get out of the prisoners -Had some higher ranking German prisoners there -Didn't interrogate them too intensely, just asked them basic questions �-Interacted more with regular German soldiers -Most were between eighteen and twenty years old -Some could understand English -Most seemed very content with where they were -His job was to ask them basic questions when they were brought in to be processed -When he was done with them he would turn them over to the military police -They were all very cooperative -Never saw any prisoners being used for simple tasks or menial labor -Had a lot of free time -It was relaxed duty -Lived in Army quarters and was fed good food -Never noticed any civilians coming down to look at the prisoners of war (00:14:16) Stationed in Santa Ana -From Fort Custer he was transferred to a prisoner of war camp in Santa Ana, California -Most likely the prisoner of war camp in Garden Grove -Working as an interpreter -No real difference with the prisoners being kept there -None of them appeared to be unhappy, and they were being treated well -Continued to deal with regular German prisoners -Got out to California by bus -Took about three weeks to cross the country -Stopped in Army camps along the way -Never heard anything about the internment camps for the Japanese -Kept a secret -Had good conditions at the prisoner of war camp because it was fairly new -Got to visit Los Angeles and San Francisco -Interesting for a serviceman and got treated well -Saw some USO Shows -Lived with a family off the base -Didn't have to live on the base if he didn't want to -Rationing was very noticeable -Rationed food, sugar, coffee, and gasoline -Tried to make life as comfortable as possible with the circumstances at hand for the prisoners -The prisoners introduced him to soccer -He enjoyed playing soccer (00:21:10) News & Progress of the War -Kept up with the news of the war -Never concerned about being deployed to the European Theatre to work as an interpreter -Had some black outs at night -Nothing too involved though -Never thought that the United States and the Allies were going to lose the war -Victory always seemed assured (00:23:25) End of the War -Victory in Europe Day (May 8, 1945) was a pleasant day -Even the German prisoners were happy that the war was over �-A lot of them were trying to get out Germany -Many of them didn't seem to have much loyalty to Hitler or the Nazi Party -On Victory in Japan Day (August 15, 1945) it was "jubilation" -Began working on repatriating German, but he wasn't involved with that -A lot of them were content to stay in the U.S. and wanted to stay -Especially the case for those going to Soviet occupied Germany (00:26:17) End of Service & Life after the War -In Santa Ana until he got discharged in November 1945 -Just had to wait around to get a ride back to Michigan -Went back to Central Michigan University -Studied teaching social studies and business math -Graduated in the late 1940s (1946 or 1947) -First teaching job was in Remus, Michigan -Taught there for ten years -Began working for Kelloggsville Public Schools in 1957 -Taught there until 1980 or 1981 -Went on the Talons Out Honor Flight to Washington D.C. in May 2015 -Non-profit organization that sends WWII and Korean War veterans to see the memorials (00:29:47) Reflections on Service -Could speak with the prisoners of war and see that they were human too -It was a worldly experience without leaving the United States -Most them were happy the way the war ended � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_GallertF1756V Title A name given to the resource Gallert, Fred (Interview outline and video), 2015 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-05-05 Description An account of the resource Fred Gallert was born in Winnipeg, Canada on July 17, 1921. When he was two years old his family moved to Saint Joseph, Michigan and he grew up there. After the U.S. was dragged into WWII in 1941 he was drafted into the Army in June 1942 and received basic training at Fort Custer, Michigan. Due to a proficiency in the German language he was selected to work as an interpreter for German prisoners at prisoner of war camps in the United States. He was stationed at the prisoner of war camp at Fort Custer and later at the prisoner of war camp in Santa Anna, California. He was discharged in Santa Anna in November 1945. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gallert, Fred Sr. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jones, Adam (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Moving Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/893500344e06f9e6c06a6ec4f47db5d7.pdf 9226f91243a2d9b14d5910d5f0483273 PDF Text Text GALLE\' AZETTE -ll~ORno R€StlURant- qall€y- LUNCH . DINNER Asr ALL DAY -th QhOUS€- -RathSk€Ll€R. SAUGATUCK . ''on the wateu'' DINING DANCING -OLO CROW BaRDANc1NG COCKTAILS ··soG,e BURGE R"" -DOC ~ac1L1t1€s- CORAL GABLES . .. OVER FORTY YEARS IS A LONG LONG TI?Y.t;E It started w~en a part-time student employee bought the busmess. Tom Jbhnson, who worked at the then Grey Gables in East Lansing was on his way to Detroit to join the - Marines when a serious automobile· accident interrupted those hopes. As a result, ~e returned to his job in East Lansing and in 1944, with money borrowed from friends, purchased what is now known as the Coral Gables. . The first decade was a quiet time. Friends were ~ade and associations with Michigan State University were nurtured. Student loyalty was growing. Then in 1957 misfortune struck. A fire completely destroyed the Gables. With the help of friends and students, Tom completely rebuilt. This enterprising young man, whose own athletic aspirations were thwarted as a result of the automobile accident. developed his new business utilizing MSU .student athletes as employees. Tom's connection with athletics, especially football, has always been in evidence. In East Lansing. ~nd elsewhere, student athletes made up the majority of the workforce. In addition to sports, Tom was Coral Gables-Saugatuck. in the Sixties instrumental in fostering new programs and iopper shares the sam phi\oso-pb.'j a.no. bas bec.ome one ot tb.e most suc.cessfo\ nightclubs ever. Topper endeavors. Two notable ones were SAECA (Students a vital forc.e in prom · ons a.no. SU'Q'QOtt'mi -wmtb.- rec.a\\.,,, "'iNe -wete -wa'J ab..eac. ot our time witb tbis for the Advancement 0£ Extra Curricular Activi.ti.es) one. 'Nb.en :t'-'l c.aa. v,ra...,, 'm to.':',\. \...o.n.'i:.\n.'6 'ne \>oo\.eo. while state and c.omm ''-':I -pm1ec.ts ." and Excalibur. These two groups 'f)rovided some of many of the big bands. People like CTA (now Former Western Micb an University Head Coach the input which helped the Coral Gables meet the Cbicag~) and the Sun1iners (now Rare Earth) were Elliott Uzelac. now at tne University of Michigan. social needs of the student population. always m the club. With "Toppers" we were into the .~urns ~p his associatio n vith Coral Gables this way. In time. Coral Gables became "the" social spot for ?isco craze w~y before the rest of the country picked The mput of Coral Galles and the Johnson family the MSU campus. Gee Patrusky. once a manager at 1t up. In the rughtdub business you have to be willing towards athletics a t Wes.em, especially football. was Gables, remembers, "We didn't have a lot of to take a chance and judge the next trend before it instrumental in getting · e football program where it money .. . it was the. only social gathering spot.·· He happens.·· is today. No request - o matter how big or how also recalls that Tom Johnson and the Gables were small went unanswer d." This spirit has always been part of the Coral Gables not satisfie_d with maintaining the "status quo" . "We policy. Major renovation takes place in the club as With all this loyal sup ort. it was only natural that were always looking for something new. something often as every three years. Topper adds. "Another the Coral Gables philos hy and organization would big, and something different." ,g_row. ~nd grow it did . ith the East Lansing opera- good example was Cowboys. We had a country Tony Conti. another Gables employee and MSU nightclub before most people saw Urban Cowboy. In tion gomg strong. a sec nd location was opened in football player, talks enthusiastically about his years addition to planning. all of the reconstruction. Coral Owosso. Next came Satgatuck. a monumental step with Coral Gables. "We all had been helped by Tom, Gables does all of their own construction work. "We forward for the compa y. The resort hotel. once I think he originated the original ·student loan prolike to keep the work we do inside the company." known as the Leindecke Inn. became the third Coral gram.·· He also remembers the giant mural on the says Topper. · Gables in 1959 after MS students made Tom aware wall. "It came to life when someone came bad,. "Coral Gables is more than a few buildings and a of this potential market. Everyone's picture was there. It was a matter of pride familiar orange CG logo " says Topper. "It's people. Saugatuck began to blossom immediately. The Old to have your picture on that wall.· · Most of our key personnel have been with us for Crow Bar and the IL Fo o' restaurant soon became Everyone who remembers the East Lansing Coral years; people like Vi Fox . and Bob Berger in mainstays in the small esort town. It became the Gables agrees it was fantastic! Gables was the only Saugatuck, Gene White at Carlos & Harry's, Michael place for students to go, nd. the place they came to place to go. It was a second home for many. Tom D at the Left Bank. Larry Bronkan, Coral Gables Live, from' all over. Saugatuck as also an introduction to always said it was the people - customers and and my partner John Chayka at Dillons and Coral 0 t~e w~ter. Located n the edge of the Kalamazoo employees - that made Coral· Gables East Lansing Gables in Taylor. Michigan to name just a few. We River 1t . was only natu ·al that boats and boating the successful enterprise that it was. now have a thousand people on our payroll and who would fmd .their w~y into Coral Gables projects. Another name that always comes to mind when knows how many more have passed through the Among the mtroduchon of new and varied drinking reminiscing about the early times of the East Lansing doors since the first Gables was opened." Marcy. and dining areas. provisions for boat docking also Coral Gables is that oflegendary Spartan Coach Duffy Topper's administrative assistant sums it up this way. became part of the c0 niplex. Daugherty. In a recent letter he says. "The Coral The success and good ortune that was evident in ," It's very unique - not an ordinary job. The loyalty Gables ~as founded by the late Tom Johnson, a perbetween us and the company is almost indescribable. East Lansing carried over o the new facilities on Lake sonal fnend of mine. I have never known a more I feel very personally involved - it's more than a job. Michigan. The old Crow brought record crowds to serious, dvic-minde_d person. Tom was a loyal Sparit 's part of my life." the small resort area. \li Fox who has been at the tan. In his own qu1e_t way he did more to suppo t Anytime you walk into a Coral Gables operation Sauga~uck Coral Gables since the beginning, recalls Mich!gan Stat~ than anyone I have ever known. N~t you are met by that friendly and familiar presence of only m athletICs, but all university programs. His son one mght so many te 0 Ple were waiting outside that the people in control. In the early days. you would Tom was asked by t e lllayor to put the band on the find Tom near the door overseeing the operation. front porch in order to keep the crowd under control. Now it's Topper or his brother, Mike. who direct the 19 Then in the early 6o·s the Coral Gables name show. The sports theme is evident too. It looks like spread t? otherd w;ns. Another restaurant was most of the floormen, all dressed in the classic white opened m Gran . aven This was soon to be dress shirt. are just taking time off from MSU Spartan followed by place~i~ Gr ~d Rapids. Kalamazoo and or WMU Bronco football practice. two clubs in th\tcl: 0 it area. At one time Gables Along with the many succe~sful bars and 11 opera ted four Kalabs ·n Kalamazoo. Since it was · restaurants. Coral Gables has branched out to otheF centrally locate1· \\,·lll zoo became Coral Gables endeavors. among them a movie production com~ headquarters. A on:a 1tl) the twelve Coral Gables in pany. Mishnah has made a number of films. some of the state. the co~e ~y also had a major holding in which have included Mike Johnson. Future plans will the Anthony ffo~on. ;~taurant chain with places in combine this knowledge with a nightclub operation Detroit. Washingn wh_1ttsburg and New York. which will feature video and musical entertainment . Topper Jo~~!fa~azo C) directs the business now. Other developments on the horizon will include new Right foreground-Coral Gables-Saugatuck . . · comments. are C) ½as been very good to us. operations on the Gulf Coast of Florida. background is the pavillion which burned . Bu19ldmg in The people ~e;; I(ala~~a My family lived here for m I 60. many yearsa~ 0 o. Gables ran "Toppers". 1 �-THE 1'WIN VILLAGES ON LAKE MICHIGAN -THEN &NOW The twin villages of Saugatuck and Douglas await you with vacation treasure chests filled with all manner of earthly delights. Located within an easy _ drive from millions of midwest homes, between exits 35 and 41 on Interstate I-96. these vacation twins can double your vacation pleasures for a day, a week. or longer. • For some the appeal is a trip back in time to the tumof-the-century tree-lined streets with their quaint old houses and shops, the traces of history that survive, the wooded hills and river banks. F'or others it is the thoroughly modem entertainment offered by a rich variety of establishments. The building .in the center is known as the "WILD CAT BANK" of Singapore. It was brought down the river prior to 1881 to the village of Saugatuck where it still stands. Today it is known as Salmagundi, a retail shoppe. The Pottowattomie Indians first selected the banks of the Kalamazoo as a place to visit at least once a year. They were there when the first white man. Father Marquette, came while making his legendary visit to Lake Michigan country. . . When the white men came in numbers, they liked what they saw. Where the Kalamazoo emptied into the great lake, they established Singapore village and later, when the "singing sands': threatened to bury Singapore. they moved up-river to the pleasant meadows below and the hills above the present day twin villages of Saugatuck and Douglas. . . The twins offer something fo r everyone - for all ages, all tastes, all pocketbooks, and all seasons. , First look about you, then ride the Dune Schooners through the dunes and at first-hand see what the earliest visitor must have enjoyed, or take to the w ater on the Queen of Saugatuck. an old fashion stemwheel paddleboat and view the twins, the great variety of pleasure craft that call this beaut iful port home. and the winding river channel connecting Lake Kalamazoo with Lake Michigan. · Walk the streets and look in on the shops with their great variety of decor and merchandise . He re are assembled, from far and near. all manner of things to titillate your fancy . There are special events: Art and craft shows in the park. fireworks , concerts. festivals . runs, and antique shows. Fishing and the Twins have always been synonomous. Once there were commercial fishing boats berthed along the river banks that traversed the great lake to tend their nets and-return with their harvest. Now these sturdy boats have been all but replaced with sleek. modem power cruisers equ'i pped with all the marvels of technological equipment and captained by experienced skippers who use their fine equipment and pe rso nal skill to insure good fishing for those who are their charter customers. They return to port with pennants flying, with coolers filled with great fish. There are at least 15 expertly crewed fishing charter boats in the area. Take a short drive south from the Twins along the lake shore under the vaulted arms of great oaks and beaches through which Lake Michigan can be seen. Tum east or:i M-89 through orchard, farm . and vineyard country and follow the signs to Fenn Valley. a family- owned and operated 230 vineyard that has won over sixty competitive awa in four years. A little fu rther south o n 118th Str the State o f Michigan operates a game area wher almost any season great flocks of geese may be se eeding on the ground or wheeling into the air as the ave in and o ut. From the town of Fennville go nort the old valley village of New Richmo nd .and cross t esto red swing bridge that used to open for river craft their way to Allegan the h ead of navigation on Kalamazoo. Go west on Old Allegan Road. an In trail. to the Blue Star Highw ay. th en north on th oad to one of M ichigan 's new est and unspoi led sta\park - The Saugatuck Dunes State Park where y can fo llow on foot old lumbering roads _to Lake M gan th rough all manner of woods. wild flowers. an une growth. Back at Saugatuck and D~ las there are beaches to enjoy. walks to be taken . g co urses to be played, an old-time Georgian Bay Stea] owered ferry to explore. and an authentic chain fer o the west bank of the river. Once there. you may· nt to follow the curving road to the Oval Beach on fie Michigan. or scale Mt. Baldy . counting i.ts 281 steps cm chmb to t'n.e obseIV ation platform £ram which you can suIVey the surrounding countryside. You might picnic at th e httle park at the fo ot of Mt. Baldy and relax on the look-out deck by the river from which you may vie w the flotillas of boats navigating the Kalamazoo. At the north end of Water Street in Saugatuck. there are ducks to be fed , and birds to be watched. Elsewh ere there are shops to be shopped. people to b e watched. antiques to be examined. art galleries to be savored. and before you know it. you will be ready to eat. The Twins have an abundance of good eating places. Breakfast. lunch or dinner. In the pre-dawn hours of darkness you will even find stick-to-your-1ibs home cooking. . In the evening there is a variety of entertainment. Classical music on a 9-foot Grand or the sounds of a 1inky-tink piano. The live bands will take you back to the JAZZ of the 40's or the hits of today for your dancing pleasure. If you enjoy the theater, an evening at the Red Barn is a must. · as 11 you fall in love w ith the villages. which is a good possibility, and you find. you want to spend more than one day. the Twins ha~ its share of fine accommodations fro m villas on the lakeshore to bed and breakfast INNS in the village. If you need directions. just ask anyone. You will find many people who regard the Twins as objects of love and affection. Such admirers seem to comprise a cult. returning year after year. and in-between dreaming of the past and anticipating the future. They will love to share their knowledge of the towns with you. Or stop in at the Chamber of Commerce in downtown Saugatuck for expe1i help and literature. Whether you 're an avid boatsman. skier. fishennan. or just love the dean sandy beaches of Lake Michigan, you'll enjoy yourself at Saugatuck-Douglas. 1:he wi~d-sculpted stumps are one feature of a dune nde which you can take. It is an exciting ride and a breathtaking view of this Sahara-on-the-lake . The ride ends with a short trip through the forest which ine:K· plicably reforested itself after the merciless logging. / The North American If you love the charm of a small town , n estled between woods. and rivers and sand dunes. you'll find your place at Saugatuck-Douglas. And if you search for unique. handcrafted. one-of-akind items. or antiques. or exclusive clothing. or very special art. then you must stroll through the streets of Saugatuck-Douglas and explore sh op after shop. The amusements will delight children and adults; the restaurants are excellent . and h otel and resort accommodations are nearby. It truly is the most picturesque port of call on the Eastern Shore of Lake Michigan. "DON'T MISS US: ITS DELlGHTFUL HERE IN SAU GATUCK-DOUGLAS. �CORAL GABLES - - PAST AND PRESENT ,'Th Lein decker boys of Chicago are negotiating for the purchase of ~he Kl e saloon property in this village. The location is a fine one for a summer eenan d the Leindeckers have ample means to build one." So reported- the resort an t k commercial on July 1. 1898. Sau:a uc perty consisted of a building and two lots with river frontage. The T e pro$ 3 750 and the Leindeckers took possession in September, 1898, and cost was o' deJm· g the interior of the old building and building a two story set on rem . addition. · o f 1900 w· h en 1·t b ume d The old building operated as an inn unt il t h e spring to the ground. uild· In January 1901. E.J. Leindecker an~o?nced pl~s _for a new b , mg. A contemporary line drawing shows a building very similar to today s.. Apparently only half of the present building was constructed m 1901 and 1902. In 1905 they continued construction and added_the other gable. The building had 37 sleeping rooms with a complete electnc bell system for each room. The dining room was enlarged so that 100 guests could be seated at one time. The b;rr and pool room was 56 by 20. · The Grand Opening was first announced for April 21, 1906 but was postponed to June 2, 1906 and the newspaper commented"Mr. Leindecker now has a building to be proud of and those who have gone through it have found that there has been no money spared that was necessary to make it first class in every respect." . The building was run for several years as the Leindecker Inn. In approximately 1912 it was sold to someone from Chicago and the name was changed to the Columbia Hotel. It was managed out of Chicago for a few years and then was used by the Georgian Bay Line foil storage. It was also used by the crews of the North and South American as a headquarters. Also during this period the docks were used by Mr. George Wright for transporting people to the beach. He had two boats,for this purpose, the Wm. Cary and the Wolverine. It was a very good business from 1910 until 1936 when the Oval Beach was opened. Mr. Wright also operated a concession and an area for dancing to an old player piano in what is now the parking lot. In approximately 1920 the building was sold again to Mr. Francis Horgan and was renamed the Hotel Saugatuck. It was operated again as a hotel and dining room but du~ to prohibition there was no liquor, beer or wine and therefore it was rather unsuccessful. "With my Luck, when my Ship comes in I'll be at the Airport" , ''Coyote'' In the late ZO's or early 30's it was taken over by Edson and Dale Crow and was made into a very successful dining room and bar. It was still known as the Hotel Saugatuck but it was at this time that the bar became known as the Crow Bar and it is still known as the Crow Bar. Upon the death of Edson Crow,. the hotel was run by Dale Crow and his wife Madge. After the death of Dale Crow, Mrs. Crow sold to the present owner, Tom - Jbhnson. · When Mr. Johnson purchased it in 1959 he soon started remodeling and the name was changed to • Coral Gables Hotel Saugatuck. Later the Hotel . Saugatuck was dropped and it became Coral Gables. The first of the extensive remodeling was to take out a partition along the river side of the building and enclose the porch to make the bar larger. He then moved the bandstand from the south wall to the west wall. The building was extended to the south and a kitchen was added. Where the IL Forno (meaning the oven) dining room is, was the offices for the old building. He then took out the old kitchen and put in a horseshoe bar to service the Crow Bar. This increased the seating capacity from about 350 to 425. In 1960 Mr. Johnson built the second dining room, which is known as the Candle-light Room. When it was almost completed and ready to open. the Big Pavilion next door burned down. The intense heat broke all the windows out and the paint on the building was scorched and blistered but due to drawing closed the fire proof drapes and the fire department spraying the building with water it didn 't bum. After replacing the windows and a good deal of cleaning the room opened with only a small delay. It then had a capacity, between the two rooms of about 155 people and boasted the first gourmet table in this area. Also in the same year they cleaned out the basement and out of a store room. a dark room and an old coal bin there came the Rathskeller. complete · with draft beer, pizza and sing-a-long music. The Rathskeller has since been remodeled and enlarged into a supper club large enough to seat 225 people. Also in 1960 Mr. Johnson put a boardwalk behind the Coral Gables for public dockage. ENTERTAIN ALL ITEMS SERVED ALL DAY- * EARLY EDmONS * OMELETTES WITH TOAST & HASH BROWNS PLAIN .. · · · · · · · · · · · · 2. HAM .......... : • · · · · · · · · · · r • · 2. CHEESE . .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .' .... · · · · · · · · · · · 2: MUSHROOM ......... · · · · • · • • • · 2. BACON ......... ·.····•······ · · 2. HAM & CHEESE ....... · · · · · · • · · · 3.. WESTERN ......... · · · · · · · · · · • · 3. * EDITORIALS * - HAM QUICKIE HEARTY FARM . 2 EGGS, ANY STYLE GRILLED BOLOGNA HASH BRO WNS TOAST SCRAMBLED EGGS W /DICED HAM HASH BROWNS TOAST 3.75 3.25 *ASIDES* ·HAM ... .... .. . .. . ... ·. . ... . .. .. 1.50 BACON . .... . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. ... 1.50 SAUSAGE .... . . ........ ... . .... 1.50 TOAST . . . . ..... .. ... . .... ... .. .. 50 HASH BROWNS ... . .. .. . . ... .... ·. .90 FRENCH FRIES .... . ....... . . . .. . . .90 FRUIT COMPOTE POTATO SALAD . .. ... . . ....... . . , COLESLAW ....... .. . ......... . . COTTAGE CHEESE .. . . . TOSSED SALAD ... . .. . .'.'.'. .... ........ ·1 MUSHROOMS-FRIED . . . . . . . . . . . 1 ONION RINGS . .... . . . . ......... 1 ............ .95 **** DONUTS MADE FRESH DAILy *** SINGLE .40 .45 BY THE DOZEN 2.50 2.9 5 -----~~-----*WEATHER* COFFEE. TEA .. · . . . . .. . .............. MILK.::: · . .. · • · · .. · .......... ORANGE . · · .. . · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · V-s JUicJbtc:E ... . SM .60 .... LG .. . ... SM.60 · ·. · .. LG . 50 . 50 .60 ,90 .90 ICED TEA LEMONADE ............. . ···••' POP ................. . . . MILK. HO T SHA.KE ............ ...... ', C~OCOLAT .............. .. E ... ······ · ···· �In 1961 in the building next to the Gables (known as the annex and used t~ hou~ employees) the front porch was fixed up and screened in. It was rne~t for the employees to use for their own relaxation. However, they only ~dr.tl for one weekend. On Mondai morning it was all torn o ut and ~e 0 Gables Dog House was born. The Dog house is still there but has SUlCe been remodeled and expanded. s GE BET Visiting boaters dock at Coral Gables during Venetian Festival. Then in 1962 as he was walking around the yard Mr. Johnson spied an old garage and storage area. After d eaning all the stuff out and ad ding a small piece to it he ended up with "The Galley" where you are now sitting. If you use your imagination maybe you can picture an old 1915 Ford w here you are sitting. In 196 3 another dining room was added, called the Marine Room. This room has a seating capacity of 80 people, so now the dining room area can take care of approximately 235 people. Remodeling ceased until 1966 when the horse shoe bar was removed and replaced by a straight bar. This increased the seating capacity another 50 people in the Crow Bar. Also the present bandstand was built then. Now in the entire building when at full capacity, approximately 1.100 people can be seated at one time. I SWISS ...... 1.95 . .... 1.95 · .. ... 1.95 J .., (J I! (J I> "l\lHAl? VoPcORi'I hNO erl(AO e.RUMt'.> AGAIN~ ooe;111·, f,J-siON£ 1,.1.1 ::.,FM. N j'//tiOH r Also in 1966 Mr. Johnson bought the Heistand Marina and changed the name to Coral Gables Marina, the ofd buildings were removed and 14 finger slips were installed. The boardwalk w as then connected to the Singapore Yacht Club 's boardwalk. In 1972 after Pier 404 was purchased, the boardwalk was extended to Anchor Park. After this was completed Saugatuck could boast of having the longest boardwalk in Michigan. It starts close to Harriss Pie and runs to Anchor Park. a total of 2,081 feet. ... 1.60 .. . 1.7 5 "The Older the Violin, The Sweeter the Music" ''Maggie'' ... 1.25 CORAL GABLESSAUGATUCK D ·o 2STH ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION PLANNED Plans are in the works for a festive week between August 6 & 12th to celebrate the twenty fifth a? niversa.ry of Coral Gables in Saugatuck. According to owner Topper and M1chael Johnson the celebration will be o~e to remember by all. Activities ~ be planned for each day along with reunions from bygone eras. The entertamment on hand that week will be Sllch that Saugatuck hasn 't seen for ~ any years and it will certainly delight both young and old. The celebratmn will undoubtely be one of the highlights of the year for the visitors and residents of Saugatuck. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summers in Saugatuck-Douglas Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Kutsche Office of Local History Description An account of the resource Collection contains images and documents digitized and collected through the project "Stories of Summer," supported by a National Endowment for the Humanities Common Heritage Grant. The collection aims to document the twin lakeshore communities of Saugatuck and Douglas, Michigan, as they transformed through the state's bustling tourism industry and acceptance of minorities. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1910s-2010s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Douglas (Mich.) Michigan, Lake Allegan County (Mich.) Beaches Sand dunes Outdoor recreation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Saugatuck-Douglas History Center Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Stories of Summer (Common Heritage project) Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Text Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-07_SD-Walsh-J_0071 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Coral Gables Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960 Title A name given to the resource Galley Gazette newspaper Description An account of the resource Galley Gazette newspaper highlighting news stories and menu items from Coral Gables of Saugatuck, Michigan. The articles highlight different aspects of the iconic downtown location such as the impact the business had on the community, as well as its history and the varied background of the building which Coral Gables now inhabits. The right-hand side of the newpaper has a menu and details the 25th anniversary celebration which was planned. Circa the 1960s Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Saugatuck (Mich.) Allegan County (Mich.) Newspapers Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by Jerri Walsh as part of the Stories of Summer project. Relation A related resource Stories of Summer (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/">Copyright Undetermined</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/842bfe0caa44bae6967fb50b3337f75a.m4v a4eff80cbb5400f0ecc837d98da35217 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/bbc7ba7eed9e667664525135d25af7d7.pdf f0afabf74b473a2d4afd7315d2ec2022 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Title: Galloway, Leonard (Interview outline and video), 2009 Subject: World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American; United States. Army Air Corps Description: Leonard Galloway was born on August 3, 1925 in Huron, South Dakota. He enlisted in the Army Air Corps when he was 17 years old because he did not want to be drafted and because he had always wanted to fly. Leonard went through basic training in Texas and then was sent to the University of Mississippi for training classes. The war ended just as he was getting into advanced flight courses and he was disappointed because he had really wanted to fly in Europe. Creator: Galloway, Leonard Contributor (Interviewer/Affiliation): Galloway, Carson (Interviewer); Caledonia High School (Caledonia, Mich.) Date: 2009-05-27 Digital Identification: LGalloway � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Galloway, Leonard (Interview outline and video), 2009 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Galloway, Leonard Description An account of the resource Leonard Galloway was born on August 3, 1925 in Huron, South Dakota. He enlisted in the Army Air Corps when he was 17 years old because he did not want to be drafted and because he had always wanted to fly. Leonard went through basic training in Texas and then was sent to the University of Mississippi for training classes. The war ended just as he was getting into advanced flight courses and he was disappointed because he had really wanted to fly in Europe. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Galloway, Carson (Interviewer) Caledonia High School (Caledonia, Mich.) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Air Corps Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009-05-27 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GallowayL Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives