317 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/94aa52a8be54dc477eb32e57b72dcd0f.pdf aff606d5722c14b7959945a20a47533a PDF Text Text �FIFTH Tl I R) Bl 11 11 I CO ( ,RI::(, 1 IO I Ol RTH TRI LT B I . y cfi.tirlce Jkall J/4a 1' / , u -n In I I R ~l \f-BIIR \Ill Iha/ ~Ii, M you L.CV IC 5 xxv-11 �L FIFTIETH AN ![VER ARY BULLETI SLPTE:-!13ER 1950 - CO GREGATIO FOURTH STREET A 1 B'NAI ISRAEL 1 D 371 I WEBSTER AVENUE !\I USKEGON , MICI IIGAN S1I cfiddee J/iall C!JleuJ' Le u n lo !foa . /Ital :!lijttellt �PAGE II The Bulletin of •'onitrega tlon B' nal Israel is published bl-monthly rrom AevLember to June. Templo Telephone 2-2702 Samuel Umen ________ Rabbi 1950-OFFICERS-l 950 Samuel Lipman _ . ____ ····- ... __ President Harold Rosen _ _ __ ____________ 1st Vice-Pres. Herman Grossman __ 2nd Vice-Pres. Reuben Berman ______ _ __ Treasurer Rose Lawson _________ __ . ___ Secretary The Rabbi, OfCicers and Board of Trustees of Temple B'nai Israel extend New Year greetings to the entire congregation. May God g1'ant that in the New Year we and all mankind may be free from war worry, sickness and mishap. SCHEDULE OF SERVICES FOR THE HIGH HOLY DAYS 1950 - 5711 Rosh Hashonnah-Tuesday and Wednesday, September 12th and 13th. Monday Evening, September 116:00 P.M. Traditional Maariv Service (In small Chapel.) Formal Community Service _________ --- ____ -- 8 :00 P.M. Sermon Tuesday, September 12th-1st day of Rosh Hashonnah Traditional morning service (Scha charis) __ _ ______________________ 8 :30 A.M. Reading of the Scroll __ _ _ _ _ __ 10 :00 A.M. Formal Community Service _____________________ l l :00 A.M. Sermon End of Service __________________________ 12 :45 P.M. Tuesday Afternoon-September 12th Traditional Mincho Service __________________ 5 :15 P'.M. Traditional Maariv Service ____________ 6 :00 P.M. Wednesday, September 13th-2nd day of Rosh Hashonnah Traditional morning service (Scha charis) ___ _ _ ____ ____________ _ 8 :30 A.M. Reading of the Scroll ___________ _______________ 10 :00 A.M. Sermon Sounding of the Shofar (ram's horn) ___ _ _ _________________ l l :20 A.M. Traditional Musaf Service __ . _ . ______________l l :30 A.M. End of Service __________________ . ______________ 12 :45 P.M. Wednesday afternoon-September 13th Traditional Mincho Service _ _ __ _ 5 :15 P.M. _ 6 :00 P.M. Traditional Maariv Service * * * * * * YOM KIPPUR Yorn Kippur-Thursday, September 20th Wednesday Evening, September 19th, Traditional Kol Nidrei Service ____________ 6 :00 P.M. (In large Chapel) Formal Community Kol Nidrei Service __ 8 :00 P.M. Sermon Thursday Morning, September 20th Traditional morning service (Scha charis) ______________ __ . __ 8 :00 A.M. Reading of the Scroll _ ___ __ ______ _10 :00 A.M. Traditional Yizkor Service __ ______________ 10 :45 A.M. Formal Community Service ________________ ll :15 A.M. Sermon Recess __ ___ _·-- . _____________________________ _ 1:15 P.M. Traditional Musaf Service _________________ _ 1:30 P.M. Junior Service _______________________ _ 2:45 P.M. Traditional Afternoon (Mincho) Service ________ ___ _ _ 3:30 P'.M. COMMUNITY MEMORIAL SERVICE __ 4:45 P.M. N eilah ( Closing Service) _______________________ _ 5:15 P.M. End of Service __ ·---· _________ ___ ____________ _ 6:15 P.M. THE SERVICE SCHEDULE Congregant s are urged to acquaint themselves with llie Service Schedule given in this bulletin. Services begin and end as per schedule. SCHEDULE OF SERVICE FOR SUCCOTH September 26th and 27th, Tuesday and Wednesday first two days of Succoth. ' Monday, September 25th Traditional Evening Service __ ______________ _ 7 :30 P.M. COMMUNITY SERVICE __ __ ___ 8 :15 P.M. Tuesday, September 26th Traditional Morning Service ______ ________ _______ 8 :30 A.M. Traditional Evening Service _ _ _ _______________ _ 6 :30 P.M. Wednesday, September 27th Traditional Morning Service . ___ . _____ __ ____ 8 :30 A.M. HASHONNAH RABAH-OCTOBER 2nd Mo,1day, October Z'Ild Traditional Morning Service . _______ ___ __ __ 8 :30 A.M. SHMINI ATZERES (8th DAY SUCCOTH) October 10th Monday Evening, October 9th Traditional Service . __ __ _ ______________ 7 :30 P.M. COMMUNITY MEMORIAL SERVICE ________ 8 :15 P.M. Tuesday, October 15th Traditional Morning Service ____ __ ___ _ 8 :30 A.M. YIZKOR 9 :45 A.M. Tuesday_ October 10th CHILDREN'S SIMCHATH TORAH PARTY __ __ ____ _ _ __ __ ________ _ 4 :00 P.M. Traditional Simchath Torah Service 7 :30 P.M. SIMCHATH TORAH Wednesday, October 11th Traditional Mo1•ning Service _ _ _ ______ _ 8 :30 A.M. ACADEMIC CALENDAR FOR 1950 - 1951. (5711) OPENING SESSIONS Sunday School, Sunday, s ·eptember 10 Hebrew School, Monday, October 16 Adult Hebrew, Monday, October 23 Bible Study, Wednesday, November 1 10 :00 4 :00 1 :00 8 :15 a.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. THE SERVICES FOR THE HIGH HOLYDAYS The services for the High Holydays may well be considered the climax of Jewish worship. In them the most important Jewish ideals are expressed: The Sovereignty of God over all creatures, the brotherhood of the human family, the revelation of the divine spirit to man, the providence of God, the concept of reward and punishment, the restoration of the Jewish people and the sanctuary in Zion where a center for enlightenment for mankind shall be created. In addition to these ideas, the idea of renouncing one's own sins, seeking forgiveness, and vowing to lead a clean life is emphasized on the Day of Atonement. On these days, it is the desire of the Jew to elevate himself above his daily routine and to draw near to God. For this reason, these days are dedicated entirely to worship and meditation. For this purpose, the service was elaborately built up Qin laudations and prayers, hymns and poems, meditations and petitions. ROSH HASHONNAH And in the Seventh month, on the first day of the month, ye shall have a holy convocation; ye shall do no scrville work; it is a day of sounding the shofar unto 1Xyou1. -Numbers XX , · The New Year is called in Hebrew Rosh Hashonnah. It is sometimes called "Day of Judgment" (Yom Radin). . Because on that day we represent ourselves as being judged by God for our past lives. ,, . It is also called "The Da.y of Sounding the Shofar , ot ram's horn. The Shofar is sounded on that day, to remind us to appE,ar be~ore th~ Lord. .We Our hfe dunng these days should be more seuous. must repair any wrong we have committed, and removl any cause of ill-feeling between others, and ourselves. . father cannot be pleased when his childr~n are at variance. We are all children of our Father rn Heaven. �PAGE REASONS FOR BLOWING THE SHOFAR The Jewish philosophel' Saadya Gaon gave the followmg reasons for the blowing of the Shofar: 1. T proclaim the sovereignity of God on the anniversary of the creation. 2. To stir the people to repentance. 3. To remind the people of the revelation on Mount Sinai. 4. To remind us of the messages of the Prophets. 5. To remind us of the destruction of the Temple. 6. To remind us of Isaac's sacrifice. 7. The sound of the Shofal' causes the human heart to tremble. 8. To remind us of the Day of Judgment. 9. To rem;nd us of the blasts of the Sbofal' of redemption. 10. To remind us of the resurrection. THE TEN DAYS OF PENITENCE The ten days that follow Rosh Hahsonah are known as the Ten Days of Penitence. During this period, the individual is supposed to repent his or hel' untoward deeds and to make amends - either actually or by resolving not to 1 cpeat such actions. SH ABBA T SHU BAH Shabbat Shubah derives its name from the Haftarah of that day, Hosea XIV, 2-10, which begins with the word Shubah - "Return," i.e. Repent. YOM KIPPUR And ye shall have qn the tenth day of this seventh ,1,onth a holy convocation; and ye shall afflict yonr souls; ye shall not do any work thereon.-Numuers XXIX,7. The Day of Atonement is called in Hebrew Yorn Kippur. It is the da, on which we solemnly ask pardon from .;od for sins which we have committed against Him. Pardon is granted to us for those sins only when God who knows our hearts, sees that our repentance is sincere. O'n Yorn Kippur we do not obtain pardon for sins committed against our fellow-being unless we have righted any wrong we have done to him. We fast on :he Day of Atonement. We fast in order to humble ourselves before God, to realize how dependent we are upon Him for food, and therefore for life, and to learn to restrain earthly desires. A CLEAR CONSCIENCE One of the most pleasant expel'iences a person can have is through the knowledge of a free and clear conscience. How wondel'ful it is for one to feel that he has done his duty toward his God and fellowman! With the New Year approaching, you \dll want to start with a clean recol'd. By paying your dues now, you will be straightening c,ut with your God and your fellow man. Perhaps by paying your dues, you will expe1·ience the joy that comes from a clear conscience. Send your check to the Temple office today. SUCCOTH The fifteenth day of this seventh month shall be the feast of the Tabernacle for seven days unto the Lord. Ye shal! dwell in booths seven days, every Israelite-born shall dwell in booths. That your generations may know that I made the children of Israel to dwell in booths when I brought them out of the land of Egypt.-(Levit XXIII, 43). Succoth is kept to remind us of God's loving protecti0n of our fathers when He caused them to he sh<>ltered in booths or tabernacles in their journey through the deserts after they left Egypt. In our synagogue, a palm branch, a citron, some myrtle, and willow are m,ed during service. The palm-b 1·anch (Lulab) represents om· frame; the citron (ethrog) repres!i'nts the heart; the myrtle-leaf (hadas) represents the eye, and the willow leaf (nrbe nahal) represf•nts the lips, teaching thus that our frame, our heart, our eyes, and our lips are to be used in the service of God. III HOSHANAH RABBAH Hosha-nah Rabbath, the seventh day of Succoth, was the climax of the festival in Temple times, ;•·hen seven processions were made around the altar, and mar.y ver es of Hoshanah (0 Save) were sung to the waving of the palm branches. SHEMINI AZERET Shemini Azeret (Eighth day of Assembly) designated in the Bible as a day of holy assembly, is celebrated after the seventh day of Succoth as the concluding festival of the season. SIMHAT TORAH Simhat Torah (Rejoicing in the Torah) is the second day of Stemini Azeret. Then the reading of t~e PentaLeuch is completed and begun anew for the commg year. SIMCHA TH TORAH PARTY On Tuesday afternoon, October 3rd. 4 :llO p.m., there will be a Simchath Torah party for the children of our Religious School. The Rabbi will explain the nature of the celebration, the children will march in the Torah parade and then receive a special treat from Sisterhood. OPENING FRIDAY NIGHT SERVICE OCTOBER 27, 8:15 P.M. As we are about to resume the Friday night services, we cannot help but think of Sisterhood and the hostesses that Sisterhood fnrnished throughout the past season. There is nothing that hits the spot better than a hot cup of tea or coffee after the Service. Sisterhood \vith its hostesses made this possible last year. We look forward to the continuance of this lovely gesture. ON CONGREGATION B'NAI ISRAEL'S JUBILEE YEAR by RABBI SAMUEL UMEN BEN CHAMISHIM L'EITZOH. "At fifty for counsel." The first twent)' to thirty years of an individual is spent in growing, developing and maturing .. I:rol:? then on he begins to devo~e himself to some purs_mt m hfe .. At about fifty, one bcgms to take stock of his accomplishments and analyze his life. It is at this point that one becomes philosophic, about himself and the world i'n which he lives. If this is true of an individual, it is also true of an institution in a degree. In any ca~e, it surely is true of Congregation B'nai Israel, which dates back to tho year 1901 whr::n about ten Jewish families formed what is now known as Congregation B'nai Israel of Muskegon. Without a permanent home, like the Jews in the desert, the small Congregation carried on its community life and held its bervices wherever it was permitted. Slowly but surely the ranks grew in number, wisdom and experience. In 1947 it dedicated its own home-one of the most beautiful modern Temple buildings in the mid west. It is in this 'l'emple with its inviting facilities that the accumulated '•Counsel" of the Congregation i3 manifesting itself through its many faceted program which 1 eaches out to our c.ld and young. If Co'Tlgregation B'nai Israel was late in developing, it is now making up for lost time. This Congregation at Fifty stands ready to offer some counsel to those who are still in their embryonic stage, and wl,ose growth and development is hindered, due to a squabble over a scull cap, talis, an organ, more or less Heurew at services, veering more to the right, more to the left, or cleaving to the middle. Thanks to the democratic 1:,pirit of our leaders, their vision and courage, all elements and all shades of thought in our community are united under one roof. May it be Thy will 0 Lord to preserve the unity of our Congregation so that we may be privileged to serve as a living example of what can he achieved by fl community when it acts in the name of peace and the sanctity of Thy name. "May al! Thy children unite in one fellowship to do Thy will with a perfect heart." �PAGE IV CONGREGATION B'NAI ISRAEL CONGREGATION B'NAI ISRAEL MUSKEGON, MICHIGAN MUSKEGON, MICHIGAN JUBILEE MESSAGE FROM TEMPLE A MESSAGE FROM OUR U. J. C. CHAIRMAN B'NAI IS"RAEL PRESIDENT As we go forward in our Temple and community work, it is only natural, that we should simultaneously take a glance backward. For the past is the best guide for the future. The past shows up our foibles, omissions, negligence, gropings ~Jnd every achievement as nothing else does. A glance at the past of our community, shows up one thing in our accomplishments so cleru: and so large that everything else disappears· in the background. This thing is Muskegon's charitable nature-Muskegon's generous gifts to the United Jewish Appeal. The record show~ th'lt in proportion to the size of other communities our own community ranks first and best in helping our brother man. Let us hope and pray that through the merit of our liberal giving and life saving, we shall receive God's blessings of exte:nded life to carry on the high ideals and deep aspirations which are ours as Jews and as Americans during this Jubilee Year and in the years to come. Harry A. Fisher If I were to mention the most outstanding accomplishment by our congregation in its half century of existence, I would without a second of hesitation say "harmony." While our congregatioln is rather small as compared with some of the great communities in our country, yet the views of our congregants in not the remote past have been as many and as varied as one fiJnds in a very large community. However, a way was found by our leadership to unite every shade of religious thought in our community under one roof. Thus. we have one Temple which is one of the most beautiful in the midwest. It is through this harmony that building the Tem'ple of the spirit within the framework of the stone building is rendered easier for our benefit and for the benefit of our people at large. May harmony and peace always reign in our hearts, homes, our community and throughout the world. Sam Lipman CONGREGATION B'NAI ISRAEL MUSKEGON, MICHIGAN A MESSAGE FROM TEMPLE B'NAI ISRAEL SISTERHOOD PRESIDENT The last half century of our people in Muskegon, may be compared to the life of the Hebrews in the desert. Our Jewish life was built on quicksand. There was nothing to hold us together, we had no home-we had no program of any consequence. We lived from day to day. For the wandering Jew of the desert it was finally Palestine. For us at the end of fifty yea:rs, it is a beautiful Temple, a well organized program for the young and old. May the Jubilee Year of our congregation mark the beginning of many fruitful achievements by our congregants for the benefit of Judaism and Democracy. Sophie Lebow A MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE MUSKEGON HADASSAH CHAPTER Many worthwhile organizations and institutions could not exist if it were not for the moral and financial support which they d erive from the Synagogue. It was from tho Synagogue that Zionism drew its strength in a large measure for the past fifty years. Hadassah's success too, is due to the help it receives from the Synagogue. As president of The Muskegon Hadassah Chapter, it therefore, gives me great pleasure to cong1·atulate Congregation B'nai Isrnel on its Jubilee Year. 1. congratulate B'nai Israel not only because in its half ceintury of existence it served well as a religious institution in our community, but helped in the furtherance of such noble work that is related to Judaism and Jewish life. May this congregation ever grow in its stl·ength and influence. May those who work for it be blessed and may their work be unto a blessing. Reva Levy UNION OF AMERICAN HEBREW CONGREGATIONS 3 East Sixty-Fifth Street New York 2·1, N. Y. August 3, 1950 Rabbi Samuel Umen Congregation B'nai Israel Fourth and Webster Muskegon, Michigan Dear Rabbi Umen: In the name of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations I extend my warmest felicitations and ~ffer the h2artfelt congratulations of your four hundred sister congregations throughout the country on this happy occasion of your Jubilee Year. Well may you of B'nai Israel Congregation review _the past years with a sense of deep inner pride. Yours 1s_a congregational heritage rich in tradition and sweet m memory. Countless are the souls who have been consol~d in grief a.n d strengthened in trial, who have opened their hearts in uplifting prayer within the portals of your sanctuary. May this moment of jubilee bring pause and retrospection. As you toll your multiple blessings and breathe your gratitude, as you look back ujpon your triumph and past, so maiy you utilize this occasicm to pledge yoursel~e~ to an even more consecrated spiritual future. In the B1bhcal book of Leviticus we find the injunction. directed to ?ur forefathers, commanding that "fire shall be k~pt b_urm~F upon the altar continually; it shall never be extmgu1shed ·t The rabbis tell us, in commenting upon this verse, th.a~ 1 was the wont of the entire household of Israel to s~t a~ide on a designated day the mundane routine of their hves and to gather wood so that the altar fires should never be dimmed. So must it be for the entire household of B'nai Israel Congregation. This is the day to be set aside, this is th moment for a]] of you to place your vows of persona consecration upon your hallowed altar. Then the fla~e of your faith will never flicker, but will ignite th~ so_u 5 of your children and your children's children, kiJ!d~n_g within them "an everlasting light", that light whic is the glorious heritage of our people, for such is thed meant ing and intent of your jubilee1 celebration. Go gran that such be your deed this day. W~th warmest greetings to all of you, I am Yours most cordially, (Maurice N. Eisendra th ) 1 �PA GE THE HEBREW UNION COLLEGE . . . CINCINNATI JEWISH INSTITUTE OF RELIGION ... NEW YORK OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT: Clifton Avenue, Cincinnati 20, Ohio July 5. 1950 Mr. Samuel Lipman, President Congregation B''nai Israel. Fourth and Webster, Muskegon, .Mich. Dear Mr. Lipman: On behalf of the Board of Governors and the Faculty of the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion, we ext&i1d congratulations to you, and the officers :rnd members of Congregation B'nai Israel on the occasion of the celebration of its Jubilee year. We know of nothing which is mor·e important in our modern Jewish life than to build fortresses of faith which will be the strongest protection we can ever possibly have for ourselves and for our children. A temple devoted to the teachings of Judaism is a blessing to all of those who participate in it. We p1ay that God will bless and consecrate your cong1 egation and your rabbi in all your works. May you ever continue to be a tower of strength in the service of Judaism and America and all humanity. Sincerely yours, (NELSON GLUECK, PRESIDENT) LESTER A. JAFFE, CHAIRMAN BOARD OF GOVERNORS) THE HEBREW UNION COLLEGE . . . CINCINNATI JEWISH INSTITUTE OF RELIGION .. NEW YORK Office of the Assistant to the President 40 W. Sixty-Eighth Street-New York 23, N. Y. June 19, 1950 Mr. Sam Lipman Congregation B'nai Israel Fourth and Webster Muskegon, Michigan Dear Mr. Lipman: I am delighted to learn that you are preparing to celebrate your Jubilee Year. Certainly such an important milestone in the history of your community deserves to be marked and celebrated. You have made great progress as a Congregation in the first half century of your existence, particularly in recent years. God bless you and your Rabbi. May you continue to go forward together from strength to strength, deriving rem:!'w ed joy and satisfaction from your endeavors in the vineyard of the Lord. Sincerely, (RABBI ABRAM M. GRANISON) MICHIGAN FEDERATION OF TEMLE SISTERHOODS 2224 Chicago Boulevard Detroit 6, Michigan July 5, 1950 Congregation B'nai lsrael l\1nskegon, Michigan Dear Friends: In the same spirit of broad humanity, love among all men and cosmopolitan philanthropy, with which you have Ptrmeated your community throughout the years, it is m~ very great pleasure, Congregation B'nai Israel. to l>rmg you the warm co!ngratulations of the Michigan Federation of Temple Sisterhoods on your joyous Golden Annivers:irv. It is ind E.ed, through a Temple such as yours, with fifty )'ears to its credit, that our Jews in Michigan are prepared for a career of spiritual creativeness. With warm personal greetings, I am Sincerely, (SYLVIA DANTOJ {MRS. SAMUEL B.) President V CENTRAL CONFERENCE OF AMERICAN RABBIS Office of President 11 7 Gibbs Street Rochester 5, N.Y. Dennis, Mass. July 10, 1960 Rabbi Samuel Umen Congregation B'nai Is1·ael Fourth and Webster Muskegon, Michigan flear Colleague: On behalf of the Central Conference of American Rabbis, I felicitate Congregation B'nai Israel of Muskegon on its Jubilee. This is both a happy and a very significant event. World events and developments in Jewish high life high-light the indispensibility of religious values. Science will not save mankind; religion alone cian. Normalization of the Jewish positidn in the world gives American Jewry both the right and the duty to strengthen their own spidtual institutions. We must not only survive. but have a good reason for survival. Historically, the best reason for survival has been our faith. Therefore, qn behalf of the oldest, largest, and most influential Rabbinical body in the world, I congratulate your rongregation which is devoted to strengthening and perpetuating our faith. May it go from strength to strength. Faithfully yours, (PHILIP S. BERNSTEIN) President TEMPLE ISRAEL 900 Park Avenue Detroit 26, Michigan July 19, 1950 Congregation B'nai Israel Fourth and Webster Muskegon, Michigan Dear Rabbi Urn en: May your Jubilee Year find our world realizing the Jubilee message of Moses, "Proclaim liberty throughout the land unto all the inhabitants thereof." Your devotion to the faith of Israel through these 50 yenrs, your recent building of a beautiful sanctuary of God are evidence of the contribution you are making to a world of peace and freedom. Sincerely yours, RABBI LEON FRAM RABBI HARRY ESSRIG Temple Emanuel Grand Rapids, Michigan August 7, 1950 Rabbi Samuel Umen Cong B'nai Israel Fourth and Webster Muskegon, Mich. Dear Rabbi Umen: The increasing number of congregations in America who commemorate their Jubilee celebrations is eloquent proof of the deep roots that we have struck in the soil of our country. We are an integral part of the religious forces of this commoJ1wealth and have shown how it is possible to blend our historic spiritual heritage with the finest flowering of the American genius. Your Jubilee observance is therefore not only of great significance to your own congregation but of moment to the entire Jewish community. A:: your neighbors, who have watched your progress in recent years with much commendation as wel] as envy, \'l<e congratulate you for reaching this milestone in the long career of your congregation. B'nai Israel has distinguished itself in many respects and rendered many worthwhile services to the cause of Judaism. May you continue to labor in the vineyards of the Lord and to prosper in all your undertakings. Sincerely yours, (HARRY ESSRIG) �PAGE VI CONGREGATION SHAAREY-ZEDEK North Pennsylvania and Linden Grove Lansing, Michigan August 11, 1950 Rabbi Samuel Umen Congregation B'nai Israel Fourth and Webster Muskegon, Michigan Dear Rabbi Umen: Please convey to the B'nai Israel congregation, a hearty :\1azel Tov on the occasion of their completing fifty vears of congregational activity. Although your congregation has grown in numbers and their physical environs have been beautifully expanded duri.ng this half century, let us also hope and pray that their spiritual resources have correspondingly deepened and their vision of life's higher purposes have enlarged. May this Golden Anniversary bring added luster to Jewish dignity and pride in Muskegon. May it be a foretaste of the wealth of knowledge of which they shall all partake. ,M ay the next half-century, see you and your congregation go from strength to strength contributing to those forces which will cause the light of peace. freedom and justice to cast a warm glow upon Israel and all mankind. May God bless the fruit of your labors. Sincerely yours, Rabbi Alfred L. Friedman TEMPLE BETH EL RABBI MORTON M. APPLEBAUM, M.H.L. Flint, Michigan August 18, 1950 Rabbi Samuel Umen, Congregation B'nai Israel, 4th and Webster, Muskegon, Michigan. Dear Sam: I am most grateful to you for this privilege and o_pportunity to extend my heartiest felicitati?ns and ~ontmu~d best wishes to you and your Congregation on this auspicious occasion. As Rabbi and members of CongTegation B'nai Israel reflect with pride upon a half-century of past achievement may all be moved to re-consecrate themselves to the l~ftiest teachings of our faith, and aspire, through continued toil energy and resourcefulness, to add to its glory and that for which it stands. Cordially yours, Morton M. Applebaum PAUL M. WIENER FOUNDRY CO. Muskegon, Michigan August Z·2, 1950 Rabbi Samuel Umen 340 West Forest Avenue Muskegon, Michigan Dear Rabbi: September 1st was two years since you took over the leadership of our congregation, and I want t~ ~ake t_his opportunity to congratulate you on the magmf1cent Job you have done. . . . With you as our gmde, our commumty has expenenced a higher spiritual level of attainment than ever before in ii;,; history. I realize that your work is not easy and that many difficulties face you in carrying on your progressive program .. I also klnow that if anyone can succeed, you ·will. With our high holidays approaching, I wish you conCnued success and a very happy and prosperous New Year. Faithfully, PAUL M. WIENER CONGREGATION B'NAI ISRAEL Fourth and Webster Muskegon, Michigan June 12, 1950 Rabbi Samuel Umen, 340 W. Forest, Muskegon, Mich. Dear Rabbi Umen: With the termination of the year 1949-1950 in the congregational life of our community, it behooves me to drop you a few notes, particularly with regard to my own personal association with you during Mr. Sam Lip.man's absence from the community. It is impossible to express tn words, the comfort and mental relief you have brought me in your tenure of office in our community. There always has been a tremendous need for a restatement of ideals and ideologies which give mankind tools for creating a better world, and i!n a world wherein man has an opportunity of being honored in a more decent way to the extent of developing his own potentialities. You have given this community, I believe, the proper appreciation of the inter-relatedness and the inter-indebtedness of Christianity to Judaism. You have a'so given us the lesson that the greatest gift in the world is the gift of love. At least 'I feel that your te:ichings add up to this summation. Moreover in your sermons you have taught those who wilshed to listen and learn, the other gre:it gifts of life--courage, belief underst&inding, not to omit the other precious gift of confidence. I pass over the fact that you irrtegrated the community into one harmonious whole, and in so doing you have made all factions feel that your respective needs were at all times being fulfilled. . W~en :1 Rabbi 1oes all this i'n a short span of time, he 1s sat1sfyrng _the highest traditions of his great profession, And what 1s more, he satisfies the question which worthy people should and do constantly ask themselves, "For what ye come on this eal'th, that is a virtue seldom tall ed." With kindest regards, I am Sincerely, HERMAN GROSSMAN, (2nd Vice President) TEMPLE BETH ISRAEL Jackson. Michigan August 20, 1950 Rabbi Samuel Umen: Congregation B'nai Israel Fourth and Webster Muskegon, Michigan Dear Sam: It is indeed a great joy for us to learn th.at Congre~tion B'nai Israel will commemorate ills Jubilee Year in 1951. Since time immemorial such an occasion has always been of importance within the religious history_ of our people and in the case of yom' worthy congregatiof it is, indeed, a fact for grateful reflection, a sourc,e 0 pride and an admh:able milestone of outsta\1~ing achieved men ts. Congregation B'nai Israel through its. ne~ an beautiful Temple has made a noteworthy contnbution to the growth and progress of Judaism within our St~te_. Its pulpit, through your magnificent and devoted ~,mstry has become the sounding board of faith, inspiration and courag·e not only for your constituants, but also for your colleagues and friends, and through us for so many congregations in our State and our Country. It is, therefore, indeed aln honor and a ple~sure foe{~! to send the felicitations of my congregat10n an d heartfelt greetings and wishes of my own, to you a~ your congregation. May you go forth from strengt\u~ strength, and may the future years for you and Y be congregation be of a blessing. May the next 50 years d permeated with peace, inspiration, prosperity for all a~f further progress for you and for the whole household Israel. Chazak, Chazak, veniss-chazek ! ! ! Faithfuly and fraternally. bb' DR. FRANK ROSENTHAL, Ra. h1 Temple Beth Israel, Jackson, Mic · �PAGE THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON June 20, 1950 Dear Rabbi Umen: Hearty felicitations and warmest personal greetings on the happy occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of Congregation B'nai Israel. I trust that for long years to come the Congregation will continue to exemplify the highest teachings of the ancient culture of Israel. Very sincerely yours. (HARRY TRUMAN) Rabbi Samuel Umen, Congregation B~nai Israel, Fourth and Webster, Muskegon, Michigan. CITY OF MUSKEGON MICHIGAN July 3, 1950 CONGREGATION B'NAI ISRAEL, Please accept my most heartfelt congratulations for your Fiftieth Anniversary. Rabbi Samuel Umen, the Office,s, the Trustees, and the whole Congregation are most deserving, for their continued faith and perseverance. They all have shoW\11 themselves not only to be trustworthy in the sight of God, but to be thoroughly loyal, contributing their full share toward the social, political, intellectual and artistic advance of all peoples within our community. In your desire to better serve God and your community you have produced large numbers of musicians, scholars, business people, and men and women in public life. You people have carried the religious ideals of the one true God throughout the years, and have continued to be the standard bearers even in the City of Muskegon for these fifty years. You number in the membershp of your Congregation many persons who do now greatly honor your people, our people and all the city; and there are still many more who will be known for their prominence in the building and history of Greater Muskegon. May I, therefore, present to the Congregation B'nai Israel not only my own personal th;Jlnks and congratulations, but that of a11 the people of Greater Muskegon. Yours truly, (H. J. DEVETTE. MAYOR) CITY OF MUSKEGON THE MUSKEGON CHRONICLE Muskegon, Michigan July 31, 1950 Rabbi Samuel Umen Congregation B'nai Israel Fourth at Webster Muskegon, Michigan Dear Rabbi Umen: I am pleased to be among those to welcome the forthcoming Fiftieth Anniversary of Congregation B'nai Israel, with a brief word in your Jubilee Year Bulletin. I have been in Muskegon· more than thirty years and hence have seen at first hand much of the development ihat has come to your Congregation. It is in the blood of a newspaper editor to take a kind of personal pride in the constructive accomplishments of the community, and hence I feel a real kinship with you i·n the progress of your group. I know this progress will continue into the second fifty years, as indeed it must. As individuals and communities, we are remiss to the extent that we take our religious ins titutions largely for granted. Religious freedoms are at the heart of this whole present world struggle and the obvious answer, from our side, is churches that are even stronger, even more ably supported. As in the past, The Chronicle will always be happy to cooperate in your events in any way it can. You have my own most cordial congratulations for the big Golden Anniversary milestone which is just ahead in 1951. With best wishes, Very incerely, (C. D. McNAMEE) Editor VII STATE OF MICHIGAN Office of the Governor LANSING July 18, 1950 TO THE MEMBERS OF CONGREGATION B'NAI ISRAEL: On the occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of Congregation B'nai Israel, it is a pleasure and a privilege to send you personal good wishes and to greet you on beha'.f of the people of Michigan. In these days when change and confusion tare rife throughout the world, it is heartening to find a people whose devotion to the ancient faith of their fathers remains unaltered tlu:ough the centuries. If every American pledged the same steadfast AlJegiance to the principles of liberty and freedom upon which our great democracy is founded, the future security and welfare of the United States would be assured. During the fifty years since Congregation B'nai Israel was established, it has not only served its members well but has contributed in :no small measure to the community life of the City of Muskegon. It is my earnest h0pe that in the years to come, as in the past, Congregation B'nai Is1·ael will continue steadily to grow and prosper. Sincerely, (G. Mennen Williams) GOVERNOR CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED ST ATES WASHINGTON 0. A. Seyferth President June 28, 1950 Rabbi Samuel Umen Congregulion B'nai Israel Fourth and Webster Muskegon, Michigan Dear Rabbi Umen: It gives me pleasure to respond to your letter of ,June 15. The Fiftieth Anniversary soon to be observed by Comgregation B'nai Israel marks a long period in the lives of the members of your Congregation, but a brief span only in the annals of the faith to which you subscribe. That faith has made its imprint upon the world throughout the centuries of man's progress. It has insisted on the highest suandards of human behavior, and even more important it has given inspiration to millions who express through it their belief in spiritual values. I have Jong felt that religious bodies could do much tow::rd bringing closer accord among the different groups thnt make up our society. Solidarity and tolerance are natio'1al essentials. The religious faiths can contrihute toward their advancement in America. ,I know that your celebration of your Congregation's attainment of the half century mark will be successful. Sincerely yours, (0. A. SEYFERTH) President THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS' OF THE CITY OF MUSKEGON MUSKEGON, MICHIGAN OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT Congregation B'nai Israel Fourth and Webster Muskegon, Michigan Attention: Rabbi Samuel Umen Dear Friends: A half century of service to the Greater Muskegon community by Congregation B'nai 1srael is a matter deserving not only congratulations, but sincere appreciation on the part of ali citizens. True community values are inevitably found in people and institutions making positive contributions in the spiritual, cultural, and educational areas. In these respects, Congregation B'nai Israel has ably accomplished its full share, and more. May the next half century be one of continuing success and service. Yours truly, (C. W. BEMER) SUPPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS �PAGE VIII STATE OF MICHIGAN LABOR MEDITATION BOARD LANSING Noel P. Fox 208 Montgomery Building Muskegon, Michigan July 8, 1950 Congregation B'nai Israel Fourth and Webster Muskegon, Michigan Attention: Rabbi Samuel Umen Dear Rabbi: The Congregation B'nai Israel, in Muskegon, should receive the whole-hearted congratulations of the entire community. The members of the CongTegation have lived and practiced fundamental principles, and by example have raised the standards in this community. These principles emphasize the sacred character of the mdividual; the sanctity of the home as the basic unit of the whole human family; that the human rights of every person come from God, and not from the State; and due respect for domestic, civil and religious authority. Muskegon is a better place in which to live because the Congregation B'nai Israel is here. My very best wishes to all of you, and may God Bless You, one and all. Very sincerely, (NOEL P. FOX) CONGREGATION HONORS PAST PRESIDENT Paul M. Wiener, past president of Congregation B'nai I i:rael, was presented a bronze plaque at the Treat of the Year Dinner held on Sunday evening, June 25th 1950 at the Temple. The test'imomial to Paul was for his many years of service in the congregation and United Jewish Charities which he organized in Muskegon ten years ago. THE TEMPLE LIBRARY The Temple libniry is slowly but surely expanding. Several excellent volumes have been added to our library shelves this summer and a goodly number of other volumes have recently been ordered. Much credit for the growth of our library is due to Fred Rodoff, who as chairman of this project is doing an excellent job. On birthdays, anniver~aries, or 0'11 the day of commemorating dear ones, let us 1emember the Temple Library. THE SIX MIST AKES OF MAN 1. The delusion that individual advancement is made by crushing others. Z. The tendency to worry about things that cannot be changed or corrected. 3. Insisting that a thing is impossible because we cannot accomplish it. 4. Neglecting development and refinement of the mind and not acquiring the habit of reading and studying. 5. Refusing to set aside trivial preference. 6. Attempting to compel other persons to believe and live as we do. -Cicero ANNIVERSARIES FOR SEPTEMBER Mr. and Mrs. Milton Steindler September 2 Mr. and Mrs. Max Shumacher September 3 Mr. and .Mrs. Anton Aron September 7 WEDDING ANNIVERSARIES FOR OCTOBER Mr. and Mr.s. Fred L. Rodoff October Mr. and Mrs. Max Ashendorf October Mr. and Mrs. Max Schubb October Mr .. and Mrs. Eli Smith October Mr. and Mrs. Seymour I. Rosenberg October 1 22 23 29 31 BIRTHDAYS FOR SEPTEMBER Rochelle Louise Cherin September Alexander Samuel Krause September William Dean Rosenberg September Jack Stanley Roberts September Burt Hess Roberts September 12 13 15 20 24 CHILDREN'S BIRTHDAYS FOR OCTOBER Marc Leslie Be1·man October :.: Roger Michael Krause October 4 Jeffrey Allen Rosen October 16 Susan Lee Ashc ndorf October 20 Sheila Mae Miller October 26 E~RLE PR[SS INC , MUSKLGON PAUL M. WIENER FOUNDRY CO. Mu sk egon, Michigan August 24, 1950 Congregation B'nai Israel Fourth and Webster Muskegon, Michigan Dear Rabbi, Officers, Trustees and Members: . I am extremely grateful for the beautiful testimomal presented to me by the congregation. .. Although I no longer serve B'nai Israel in any official capacity, I shall continue to do my utmost to help support and maintain the high level of spiritual achievement our community has attained. I feel deeply honored in the possession of this plaque, because of the generous spirit in which it wa~ presente~. May our congregation always preserve th~ u1yty and sohd::irity of purpose, of which this testimonial 1s a symbol. Faithfully, p AUL M. WIENER LEO ROSEN AND KELLY M. KAUFMAN HEAD TEMPLE JUBILEE YEAR PROGRAM This is a special year for Co11gregation B'nai_ I~rae!. In a few months it will hit its fiftieth year. A f1tti~g p~g:ram to mark this important occasion is now bemg/\; ranged by a special Jubilee Year Committee, of ~ ic _ Leo_ S. Rosel? is chairman and Kelly M. Kaufman is C:e hairman. With these two capable leaders at the bead can look forward to some memorable doings in our congregation during this year. B'NAI BRITH It is expecte d that the forthcoming year will keep hui: congregation very active Our B'nai Brith Lodge has · a would be Tempe 1 B1•otf er· undertaken to carrv on for hood B'nai Brith's' combined program should, there ore, have· much to give to, and a great deal to expect from our Temple membership. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple B'nai Israel Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Temple B'nai Israel (Muskegon, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs, scrapbooks, programs, minutes, and other records of the Temple B'nai Israel in Muskegon, Michigan. The collection was created as part of the L'dor V'dor project directed by Dr. Marilyn Preston, and was supported by grants from the Kutsche Office of Local History and Michigan Humanities Council. Original materials were digitized by the University Libraries and returned to the synagogue. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital objects were contributed by Temple B'nai Israel as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Scrapbooks Synagogues Women--Societies and clubs Minutes (Records) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Preston, Marilyn Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Text Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920s-2018 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08_Fiftieth_Anniversary_Bulletin_1950 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource B'nai Israel Temple Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1950-11 Title A name given to the resource Fiftieth Anniversary Bulletiin Description An account of the resource Bulletin that highlights officers, schedules of events, academic calendars, different important dates to remember, messages from various presidents as well as different people, and anniversaries and birthdays for members of the congregation. Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Synagogue bulletins Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the B'nai Israel Temple as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f64221cc1580f0eb2adcae7054bdccf9.pdf 160077eaecb53aa946b7a9fb1b39507f PDF Text Text • • • �1.9.:rl J'a»l JJ'r✓ --- ~ - - - -- I �1.901 1.951 ,; • �l'Jo~ Hie synagoque, bcstdes beinq a.., rtt1'1j in~ GOmttu.Ht4l c.en±er ketplrtq a.qtow aU thaf is vita.l,p,-eciou.s an..d. sa.c,-ed it1..1 Israel, serves a.s a. dy,w.mic. symbol that tke Almi9h.fy is evu nea..- his cluldven., ever reaii~ to li!>ten. fc lkeir pra11ers, to e,: te~d kelp ctnd eonsola.tiott. to tke wea.r-r cuui .utd~, io solace and comfort tkv su.ffevi.11.1 ~htd. distressed a.n.a to ittspire wi.tk faith Qno.'. hope the doubtilU] and pirplefed. ~h£ absolute unit~ of- -fkb I Eternal, Hie o,ieness of 1he idtal fritrit~ of :Jorah., God, a.nd l5rael, £ias alwa'Js been the pr~~avy feac;hin9 of- this hal- lowed i. t1-std.1Ltion •.• , the syna9oquc." 3tafet:r.. Jl-a~ im �THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON Dear Rabbi Umen: Hearty felicitations and wannest personal greetings on the happy occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of Congregation B1 nai Israel. I trust tnat for long years to come the Congregation will continue to exemplify the highest teachings of the ancient culture of Israel. Rabbi Samuel Umen, Congregation B1 nai Israel, Fourth and Webster, Muskegon, Michigan. �• STATE OF MICHIGAN orncE OF TH E GOVERNOR LANSING G MENNEN WILLIAMS GOVERNOR . TO THE MEMBERS OF CONGREGA.TION !'NA.I ISRAEL: On the occasion of the 71ft1eth Anniveraary of Congregation B 1Na1 Israel, it is a pleasure and a privilege to send you personal good wishes and to greet you on behalf of the people of Michigan. In thene days when change and confuoion are rife throughout the world, it ia heartening to find a people whose devotion to the ancient faith of their fathers remains unaltered through the centuries. If eTery American pledged the same 1teadfa1t allegiance to the principleo of liberty and freedom upon which our great de~ocracy is founded, the future security and velfare of tho United States would be assured.a Du.ring the fifty years since Congregation ! 1Nai Iarael was established, it has not only aerved ita members well but has contrib11ted in no small measure to the community life of the City of Muskegon. It ia 'A7 earnest hope that 1n the years to come, a • in the paat, Congregation ~•Rai Israel will continue steadily to grow and proeper. GOVJ!lUOR �j ,r I /11!:,lee Jkf{II llut! -~;1,(,//, Ji<,,, J' /(, "nl{ !I //f'U. II /jl'fll', .<½ul //'' .,/,o// /,al!ru !hf' /1/lif'1ft ruid /uocluim l,lfd/1 //,pou!J/2"ul //,<-' l lan<I fut!,, all 1/ie in/,"/r/,,nl., l!teu</ 23: I 0- 1 I LE\'. 1, THE JLBILEL INSTITL nu., \\AS .\ .'IARVELOUS AFL vUARO AGAI ' ST 01.ADEl'il!'rC, POVLRTY. BY IT. HOUSES AND I.ANOS WERE KEPT FRO.'I ,\CCUM LATING IN TIIE IIANDS or TIIL fLW. PAUPERIS\I WAS PREY! NTEO, ANO A RACL OF I. ' DI PLNOENT H) SUCII A I RELIIOLOERS RARE AND \!ORALS INTO ECONO\IICS, CLINI.O TO QUESTIO-.. AS URID. STRIKING IT RIPRLSENT· INTRODUCTION TIIAT '!ANY IIAVE BEEN OF I • \\IIFTlll:.R TIIIS \\ '01'.0fRfUL IN "Tl TUTION \\AS L\ Ell !-.. ACTLAL FORC!.. 110\\EVER, 'i-.oTIIINC, IS !\JORE CLRTAI . TIIA.'. TII.\T THI:. JCBILEE \\'A CL ' TURII:. ONCL fOR A RLALIT\ I', TIIF KATIOKAL LIFE Of ISRAEL 0 • (L\\ALD) . . . '1T IS l.'IPOS IBLL TO THINK THAT, AS HM> 1, SO\lfTL\IES BEEN SUPPOSI.D. TIIE INSTITUTIO!', 01 TIIE II .J ' Bil.LE IS A 'ILRL 11 CONC L RNS Tlll· Ii TION Of· \\IIICH TIii.Ri ARI A!'-AI.OGII .S 11' OTHER "IATION ' ), IT .'JUST DATE .\CCORDI. ·c P.\PI R- LA\\; I ANO I'll()\[ TO Tlf[ AT LEAST AS FAR AS (FOR TIIE PERIODICAL lffDISTRIBU ANCIL :-ST Tl\lfS 1'-" ISRAEL 0 (DRIVFR) T \L'll D. TIil. L\\\ or Tiff' JL Bil EE WA. OBSFR\'J:O AS 10',(, ,\S TIIF L. ' TJRL TJ:RRITORY OF Tllf POLY LA ' D WAS I · 11 \BITID BY ISRAF• ITES. WHf A POR · TION OF THE TRIB[S \\ 1· T l,TO FXILF. THE I.AW I.AP ro. FR0:'>1-PF.NTATFUCI I CO\J \lf"ITS BY JO. EPIJ 11. HFRTZ (P. 532 1 VOL. ED. ) ( �sd' Yijliell; . r/n 1tr"tteJ'JaJ~ z:jJJlo~i 011,, Judat4n1,, \VEDNESOAY EVENI 1G, 7'\0\ J.::. 18.1:J{ ] " Judat.>lll LJ lat/4 'IJU{,J<k, d J<,nul/4u'/I 1ut-n ~ a //,a,, u tad7, , /,Jc. 21:i , H: 00 P ..M. ;<,11l£//,t1'/I 11t o1,· dtan a .'LORRI:, JO l, Pll, l l:i48- H>JO , alional . \nthcm ............................. ........................................... .i l.udience lnvocation ...... .. ........ .......... ............. .. ..... ...... ............... ......... RABBI, Samuel Umell CO"'-GREGATJON B NAI ISRAl:.L Greelings ................... .......................... .. ........................ l lerrnall Gross mall PRE!:>IO!i T , CONGRLGATION B NAI !!:>RALL \/arner Gafombeck Violin Solo ACC0'-1PA1'1LO B't llLBUff BAKU{ C01'GRLGATION B NAI 1:,RALL ORGANl!:>T Jacob 01. Kaufman Remarks FIFTILTII ANNI\.I R:,AR\ PROGRA'I C IIAIRMA Vocal Solo .... .. .... .. ...... .. .... ...... .. .................... .. ... .... .. .... . Evelyn Calomheck Chairman of tht• E,ening ......... .... .... ................. Rn&hi Sornuel Umen .fn;/1/fllr r It 1 J,1rlr1/un ' unJ LCT · FoR D1!>cu:,s10" t\:-io PARTI C IPA;-.;Ts :- \Vhat is Judaism? ................................... . . RCL&bi Sanford Sapersleill Tl..'IPLl. BETH JACOB , PONTIAC, MICH . \Vhat Are om e Of The Factors That St·n ed ln The Pr('servaliou of Judaism To Tl1i~ Da)? ...... ... ... . Rahl>i 1\/frecl Friedmcm CONC,RLG .\ Tl01' ',I I AARIY /.El>EK, L\N!>l '-G, \JICIIIG,\l'i l fas Judais1n TI) hing To Offn To The .le" In Our Oa~? .... ...... ......... .. .... .. ... .. . ....... ... . .... Ral>hi Cc>rs/wn \Viner CONGIILGATIO:-i AII\\A 1:,.R\l.L. GR.\ D RAPIDS, \Vhal ls The Relationship B<'lween Jud<1i,111 ,\nd Chri,tianil~ I ....... ...... . . ... ...... ..... f~c' l't>re11d Sonuwl I rn:,.T CO'\JGlffG.\TIO'-AI MICH. '. Oliver Cl I l JIC II . 'I L:,.1, rc.o, . MICH . \Vh«l Can Be- Done- To ~rinu \houl \ Clo, ('r l 1nd <' r,l,111din [.! Between Jew and Christian? ' Rf\lRl1'1l SAINT PAUi S I P l!,;COP,\I Di scussion IA'll'-i ll. '-'Kl NIR C lll 'nC II . 'Tl ' '-ihH;O:-s . "llC'll. .......... ......................................... , \udience �Yi/lie/Ii s#nn tq}e}tja,1cy ½ )111,(,·Ce FRIDAY EVEN! C, 'OVE,\IBER 30. 1931 - 8:00 ,).\]. 1 ... /2r,,,/,. ,,,,/,, //,,, !J~,,,/ //,,.,Yl,",:f 'I,",,,,,/,, ,//4j . frrJJlf: ,un/,,j, //,,, .!/;,n/ PSALl>IS 29: 2. SER\'lCE DEDICATED TO Tl IE PAST PRE 'll)Ei\'TS Of Tl IE CO 'GRECATlO 1 Ho"' Cood It l, To Thank The l_ord ................................................ C'1oi,· Reading ................................................................................................ RablJt Pray<'r for Light ................................................ Two Sisterhood Members Blessing of Lights ................................................................................ C/toir Reading ...................................................... President and \lice President Leho Dodi ···························································································· C'1oir Reading ................................................................................................ Rab/Ji SC'u C'ltoir horim ···························································································· SA\IULL KLAYF PAUL M. WILNLR SAMUEL LIP.MAN LLO S. ROSEN HAROLD ROSfN ~TILTON STEINDLER SAMUEL GLUCI, lmocalion ······················································· .. ··"········· ...................... . Prayer er.·ce Rabbi P. 50 ( Union Prayer Book) PrC'sentatio11 of Kiddush Cup ...................................... Komnw Gudelsky Dedication of Kiddu,h Cup ................................................................ Rabb, Greetings ....................................................................... Herman Crossmon PRLSIDENT CONGRI CATION fl N,\J ISRAFL '.\lessag<' ..................................................................... PllOI LSSOn OF TIILOLOGY. lfl'BRI \\' UNION DR. SA'ILEL s. co110N COLLJ•:GI.-J.f.R, 1.chu 01'R.annoh .................................................................................... Choir 0-less,1gC' ............................................................... . DR. SA.\f U [J, GOLDENSON IUHBI F,\JFRITUS, Tl.~f Plf. l:..\l\fANU LI.. NLW YORK CITY '\doralion ~ ··········································· ·················································· Rabbi ---- - - - �SABBATH MOR l C 'ERVICE-Dccember 1. 1951. 9:00 AM. PSALMS 11 : 19. SERVICE DEDlCATEO TO THE PAST PRESIDE :I'S OF SISTERHOOD MRS. ANNA RUBINSKY MRS. BIRDIE KOLBERT MRS. ~IRS. LIBBY ROSE MR BERNICE WEI HARRIETT GROS MAN MRS. E ' THER GROSSMAN BERG MISS FANNIE ROSEN ~IRS. "'IIRIA."I FISHER MRS. ROSl- BERMAN MRS. MILDRED RODOFF MR LILLIAN Nl~l... :<IRS. ROSE LAWSON ~IRS. ~!ART HA GUDLLSKY ~IRS. GENE BERMAN MRS. I· RANCIS AUGUST 'IRS. IJ ORTE SE BERMAN Message ........................... .. ............................................ Rahl,i I eon Fram . TEMPLE ISRAEL, DETROIT, ,11CIIICA ,\i f!leceftlt'o n A,wiuersury Sou11c>nirs To The Cfi;lclren Of Our ReUgious Scl100/ �L'. 'DAY EVE, ' l'.\'C , DECEl\lBER o :JO P .~l. 1 al the l\lASO 'IC TEJ\JPIJ: ". /J,1,,/;1 I,,,, '/"'/ an,/ /,ftl j,1,,,.,,,,1 PSAL-'l ,I (J , 133: (. :\1aliona l .\nthcm ............................ ... ... ................. .. ........ .. ......... J\udi Pnce lmo< a lion .................... .................................. ........... Rabbi Samuel Greetings l 1men .......... I Jenna., Gross mun PRESIDENT, CONGRLGATIO I'," fl 1' ,\1 I R.\rL ,\l e. sage ........... ... .. ... .... ............................................. AN R(•marks l\lcssage h) J\'ER AR) Jacob J\1. KauJma,t PROGRA'I C IIAJR ,\, IA • Toaslrnaslc-r and lntrodudion of ( ,uesls ..... . I brold Rosen .. ................. ................................. ... ........... Rahl>i ~ amiwl £1men RABBI 111--:R'-lAN S C IIAAL,\,JA -OIRFCTOR llEBRLW U or GREAT LAI l::S Rl· GJON 0 1 ION CON GRI G.\TIONS Expression of Crntitude .................. ...... .. ... .. ................... Marslwll Berman PT1yfl; GrPenhC'rfJ Tl 'IPLL s 'NAI ISllATL SUKOA) S C IIOOL ST U DENTS ,\m <'rica ····················•···•········ ····· ······················· ················· ···· ..... . , \wli en ce Bc11cdictio11 ............ .... ........................... ........ .. ......... ......................... . Rabbi �, (/,,d all Juell w oc,,,j,!/ //,nm,/,,, .., ti,, 6~''!/"''!l{(t,()1/ <11 Jm//,j,,/nr.JJ willt /lie ff"(( 11/J t/ .1fdl;J (JII(~ OU:JJrd o,, J{e _yfre tlwm Mur lllU!f //,,, rr·<v,un/u nJP . . . PRAYER BOOK PROCRA I COJ\ IMl17-EE Jacob H. Kaufman , Chairman Herman Gros man Leo S, Rosen Rabbi Samuel Ume11 ' amuel Klayf Co-Chairmen ,,., "ts 'j,,( TICKET CO.0L.\.I1TrEE JVlrs. Louis Aron, Chairman i\ lrs , Jacob 1\1, Kaufman , General Chairman of Banquet and Reception ~lrs. Leo . Rosen . Co-Chairman ~lrs. i\-lax Lebow, Chairman of rrangemenls 1'lrs. Millon - leiudler, Advisory Chairman Mrs , Jack ' teindler, dvisor) Co-Chairman * * 'j.;( IN 'TITUI E 0 . JUDAIS.01-\ Vednesday, 1 'O\,emher 2 >Ir~. Harl") H. Rerman. Chairman of Refres hmenh 1931 :'vlrs. 1larry S. Berman , Co-Chairman Mrs. Samuel Klayf. Chairman of Decorations '.\ lrs . Fred Rod off. Co-Chairman 'i,.f f;,,. 'w FRIDAY EVE'.\JI G. :\'OVE>IBER 30. 1931 l\lr , Louis Aron , Chc1irman of Refreshments '.\lrs. 1larold Rosen , Co-Chc1irman ),,,l x * ),.", '1:( SAT RDAY MORi\'I 'G. DECEi\113ER 1, 19"> 1 I'vlrs. Samuel Lawson , Chairman of Refreshments Mrs. Rob<·rl Rosenberg, Co-Chairman J\-lrs. Ernest Klein l\ lrs . Komma Gudelsky 1'1rs. Isaac Grossman A BANQUET, 'U DAY EVEN! 'C DECEMBER 2. 1931 lrs . Jerome Fisher. Chairman of Dinner rrangemenls '.\1rs , Joseph Strifling. Sealing ,\rran(!emenls '.\lrs . Harry Fisher, Chairman of Decorations '.\ Irs . Paul \ Viener. Co-Chairnian �t ,od of '.\: .ilions: l lappy ure "l' "ho d"ell under the flag of ,\nwrica! l lt're men arc free; here men are equal; here men are guaranteed inalienable rig'hls. he,e men, respecting difference, Blessed is thi learn lo live logdht'r as brothers. sacred heritage of our~! Out of o, erfio" i ng hearts, we give Thee thanks, 0 Lord! '\lake u~ mindful, \\t' pra) Th<'e. of the price paid for this herilago.>. Our forefathers Lra,ersed untharled waters; they endured the hung<'rs and perils ol the frontier; they shed their blood on man) balllefield in defen e of the nation's ideals. The flag we honor is tLe )mbol of tlH'ir heroi( pioneering, of their agP-old quest for a land of freedom. peace and brotherhood. Cod of our falhers, endow us with th<' heart of the pioneer and the patriot that we of this generation may do our parl lo preserve this sacr<'d heritage. \lay we guard il with that eternal , ig.lanre which is the prile of libC'rlv. :'-la) we cherish ii with a lo,e th,11 kindles inlo flame in tlH' hour of crisi . \Vt• kno," that pillai.£e and rarnaQe ha,t' be('n ,,rough! for the glor) of a flag thctl the earth has be<'n nnaged bv flame and fury for lo,·e of counlr). Do Thou inspir<' our palriolism "ilh Thine c11H ienl la" aud ( ovenanl I hat "<' may measure the greatness and the glory of our nal ion no! on I) b) the , aslncss of i h domain. nor I lit' surfeit of ii, gold. nor th<' 111iaht of ils 1orH1ucsls. but h, the lreeclorn of our p<'ople. the sat redn<'ss of our rights as men. the <'qual opporlunily and fair plav and 1-!0od will of our \\dY of life. :\meri(a. our ,\merirn! Thine, Almighl) God. he the gra(e to blt>s,it! Ours ht> the ,,ill to pr<'st'n1• ii for our o,,n blessing and th<' bl<'ssini:.( of the nations of the earth l l 1NIO'-. or ,\\l[RIC.\:\' Ill lllH \\ C0'-.(,111 {,,\TIO;S.'i � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple B'nai Israel Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Temple B'nai Israel (Muskegon, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs, scrapbooks, programs, minutes, and other records of the Temple B'nai Israel in Muskegon, Michigan. The collection was created as part of the L'dor V'dor project directed by Dr. Marilyn Preston, and was supported by grants from the Kutsche Office of Local History and Michigan Humanities Council. Original materials were digitized by the University Libraries and returned to the synagogue. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital objects were contributed by Temple B'nai Israel as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Scrapbooks Synagogues Women--Societies and clubs Minutes (Records) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Preston, Marilyn Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Text Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920s-2018 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08_Fiftieth_Anniversary_Program_of_Congregration_1951 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource B'nai Israel Temple Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1951-11-30 Title A name given to the resource Fiftieth Anniversary Program of Congregration B'nai Israel Description An account of the resource Program including a letter of the importance of synagogue, letters from the White House and State of Michigan, the different activities happening from Wednesday Nov. 28-Sunday Dec. 2, the committees involved, and a prayer for America Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Rites and ceremonies Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the B'nai Israel Temple as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5092a94e7a78b7c270892bde9e9df49f.m4v f07ec4764b9b29a611f08f1982cfb6d0 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6531d57d37a35878d16b558e3f012b62.pdf a6e927403c9beeae56794767a3c57154 PDF Text Text ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEW HELEN FILARSKI Women in Baseball Born: 1924 Detroit, MI Resides: Interviewed by: Frank Boring, GVSU Veterans History Project, August 5, 2010, Detroit, Michigan at the All American Girls Professional Baseball League reunion. Transcribed by: Joan Raymer, November 26, 2010 Interviewer: “Helen, if we could begin with your full name and where and when were you born?” My whole name is Helen Margaret Filarski and I was born in 1924. Interviewer: “Where?” In Detroit, Michigan Interviewer: “What was your early childhood like? Where did you live?” I lived in Detroit, Michigan and most of the time it was—the war was on and there was no—it was before the war was on I should say and I was going to school in Detroit, the Catholic school. 14:17 Interviewer: “Did you wear a uniform?” No, not at first, it’s when you’re out of the eighth grade that you start with the uniform. Interviewer: “I had the white sox with the black shoes and the girls had the skirts with the white sox, yup, yup. Where did you live? I know it was Detroit, but did you live in an apartment or a house?” No, we lived in the east side of Detroit and my mother and father and there were seven children. The war was on and most of them at that time were in war plants because the war was on and everything, so we just stayed there and I went to Holy Name School for 1 �eight years and graduated from there and went to St. Joseph’s because my mother had gone there, so we all followed up in the Polish atmosphere. 15:46 Interviewer: “So you had neighborhood friends and did you play games?” Played games—I was one of seven children, so the girls, I didn’t consider myself a girl because I went with my brother and we played ball all the time. The boys got away with it you know, so I stuck with him and we played ball and most of my time with them we played and like everybody else, we had one bat and one ball and I got the job to sew the ball up every time after we played because we knocked the stuffing out of it, but then we had to sew it up before we could play a game. 16:41 I would keep that up and I went through grade school and I played all that way and then I went to high school. Interviewer: “Now, were there any organized sports at the school?” No, not at grade school they didn’t have any. Interviewer: “But you’re playing baseball basically with other neighbor kids?” We would get out of school and out we would go. We lived right next to a playground and that was one thing you know, we would go out the door and over the street and we played until it got dark and that was it every day you know. 17:34 Because I was a girl, my mother would call me every once in a while, “get in here and do the dishes”, and I didn’t enjoy that, but what do you do? We did that all my life through eighth grade then when I graduated out of grade school—oh, in the summer time my mother, since we were so poor and they didn’t have a job, my father got a job cleaning the streets at that time because there wasn’t any war plants. My mother would make a big lunch and everything and my dad would drive out to a plot that the city gave you and make a garden and we would sit out there all day working on the planting. 18:40 Then my dad would come 2 �back after he got through with his job and pick us up. There were about four of us at that time that went there and they took us home and we got ready for dinner and everything and that was every day, you know, that we had time to get over there. Interviewer: “By the time you got into high school, did you have any idea what you wanted to do through life? Were you going to be a nurse or be a mother, what were you thinking?” Well, through those years I played ball at the city park and I played with the girls that were in the league and mostly I was too young and that and I would pick-up the bats and chase the ball and stuff like that. 19:43 Interviewer: “So is this the actual professional girls’ baseball league?” Yes Interviewer: “How did you hear about them?” Oh, I learned a lot from them you know. Interviewer: “But how did you hear about them? How did you know they were there?” Here’s the playground, here’s the street, here’s my house, I mean we lived right upon it and anybody that would get on that field we could see and if there was an open space, a position open, I ran over there and played in it, the boys or whoever is playing. Interviewer: “How did you hear about the All American Girls Professional Baseball League though?” Alright, when we played, a bunch of girls were in the league and I got good enough to play with them and on their team, so I played and everybody said, “why don’t you go join us for this year, you’re good enough to go over there”. 20:52 3 �Interviewer: “So they were off season, they were from Detroit and they went to play wherever they played and when they came back, that’s when you were playing with them?” Yes Interviewer: “Ok, now I get it, so did you go and talk to your mom and dad about it?’ Oh, I kept talking to her all the time, but it was no use and she would say, “girls don’t play ball, just come in the house and do some work around the house”, all housework all the time. Interviewer: “You had told me a story about how you heard about tryouts in Chicago, let’s hear that story.” Through the girls, we kept going to the park and that and I heard the story about it and the girls kept asking me, “come on, come on with us, don’t stay here”, so I went and asked my mother and she said, “you’re too young, you can’t leave home alone, you’re too young to go”, and she said, “Al Capone is in here and he’s trying to get a league together of women and it’s not for playing ball and you’re not going anywhere near that playground again”, so it just kept a going and I kept playing there. 22:27 I kept playing until I got out of high school. Interviewer: “So you had to have her permission to be able to join the league and she wouldn’t let you.” No Interviewer: “So when you turned was it eighteen? What did you do?” 4 �Eighteen, yes and I said, “I’ll run away”, and she didn’t like the idea of me running away, so she said, “let me talk to some of the girls, Connie Wisnwiewski, and a lot of the girls that were on the team and they were my friends and I had them over and everything and she talked to them and they said, “she’ll be all right, we’ll take care of her”, and I was about the youngest one there then and when I got to spring training they got me in real good you know. “You Polock, you go and stay in the room and when we call you bring down the fire escape and bring us in”, so that’s what I was doing for a while. 23:40 I was the best friend. Interviewer: “So your mom finally says it’s ok to go. What does your dad think about all this?” My dad didn’t care. Hhe didn’t care. Interviewer: “So, how did you actually go to the spring training? Did you go by train, did you go by bus?” We did, we went by train. Interviewer: “And you were with the other girls that you knew, so you felt kind of taken care of?” Yes, placing you where you were going to play, I got on a team, Rockford, with no friends of mine and I didn’t know anybody. Interviewer: “Did you have to try out? Did you have to try out for the team?” Yes Interviewer: “What was that experience? What was that like, the tryouts?” You’re scared, you’re scared and there were girls from the league out there and they would hit the ball to me. Connie Wisnwiewski was the best pitcher there was at the time, 5 �so she would do the pitching—running and everything, teaching you, but they made a fool of me. 25:04 They’ll do that, they will kid around with ya, but I tried to do it my own same way. Interviewer: “But you got in.” Oh yeah, I got in Interviewer: “That must have been a happy day?” Oh, it was fine, but it took me and got me into a house. When you get on a team they check you into a house, so this was mom and dad Gorenson and they had no children and they had a beautiful home and everything, but they said to them, “keep an eye on her because she’s underage and we don’t want any problems”, so it was “where you going?” They kept their eye on me. 25:57 Interviewer: “Did you have a room mate?” Yes, she was a movie star, Kay Rohrer, and she would go out and she would say, “don’t forget, I will call you when I want to come back in”, so she would call and if we were on the road, she would call and I’d let down the fire escape otherwise I would wait and put the light on so she would see the light and that the road was clear and she would come in and we did that for two seasons. Interviewer: “What was your first season like as a rookie?” 26:36 Scared, you’re really scared when you play with these gals who know their position and what’s going on instead of waiting for someone to say, “now you go there and you go there”. They put you in your position and they taught you—you learned and you would stay on that field until you fell down. You learned to not be afraid of the ball and it was good, it was really great. 27:12 6 �Interviewer: “What position did you play the first season?” Third base Interviewer: “As a rookie, did you start or did you sit on the bench a lot?” No, I started I started. Interviewer: “Even though you were scared, you must have been pretty good?” I didn’t mind it and I was tough you know, I would run and go after that ball because I was going to stop it if it killed me. When you were a rookie, you were going to fight your heart out and that’s what I did and it was a strong team. Interviewer: “Any particular game that you remember from the first season? Was there anything that you did that was good or maybe made a mistake?” 28:03 I don’t know, I’m telling you; I ended up in the hospital. Interviewer: “What happened?” Well, I got spiked a couple of times down my legs sliding into third base you know and I think that’s what the worst one was, but that was it. Interviewer: “How did you like the uniform?” Oh, it was free you know and they gave you a lot of free time there. Interviewer: “Did you have to alter it at all for your height or anything?” The first year no, but the second year we did because it was a little bit long. Interviewer: “One of the girls said the difficulty was that she played in the outfield and as you reached down for the ball, you got dress and you didn’t get the ball you got the skirt.” Right, it’s just like in the infield, you’re down here and you go down for the ball and here—the ball is right there. 29:14 7 �Interviewer: “Now, once you finished your first season, you came back home to Detroit?” Oh yeah Interviewer: “Then what did you do when you got home? Were you still in school? You were out of school, right?” No, no I wasn’t in school, but in-between there I went to the war factory. I was two years in the war factory and then I was able to—my age could get me out you know, so that’s where I went. Interviewer: “You were in Detroit though?” Yes Interviewer: “So that was one of the factories that was supporting the war.” Yes Interviewer: “So then how did you—your second season, did they send you a letter? Did they call up your house and say we want a new contract?” Yeah, they send a letter and tell you it’s—we met in spring training. Interviewer: “Ok, and once again you took the train?” 30:12 Yes Interviewer: “Did you still travel with the same girls that you did before?” Oh yeah, there were about seven or eight of us from Detroit that—and every year they probably picked up on or two girls, so it got big and it was very nice. Interviewer: “So the second year you weren’t a rookie any more?” No, no and boy, you better know your steps. It was great and you just knew what you were doing. 8 �Interviewer: “How were the fans?” Oh, the fans just loved ya I’m telling ya. They would be in there and we had a lot of attendance. They were there all the time. It was great. Interviewer: “Now you played some games at home and then you also had road trips?” Yes, four games at home one time and three on the road and then three home and four on the road. Interviewer: “What were the road trips like?” Bumpy, we just had a beat-up bus and oh my god I’m telling you it was really something. It was worse than these that go down the street. 31:34 Interviewer: “These were fairly long trips by bus?” A lot of them, like you would go to Chicago, that was a long one from Peoria or something like that. That was about the longest one I think, from Peoria over into Chicago there. Interviewer: “Now, when you stopped along the way were you just able to walk out with in your blue jeans?” No, if you stopped there and you intended to get off the bus you gotta put your skirt on. You couldn’t be seen in public in shorts or anything like that. 32:16 Interviewer: “Right, did you have to go through the charm school, the school?” Ya, it was the first year the charm school was there. Interviewer: “I’m sorry, I should have gotten back—how was that?” 9 �Oh, everybody laughed about it at first. They made us scared you know, because we couldn’t get out there and play ball because we were doing this and everything you know, and what did we want to do that for. Interviewer: “Did you have to have a book on your head?” No, but some did Interviewer: “Well, did they ask you to sit down in a certain way? Did you also learn how to use the knife and fork and things like that?” Well, your woman who taught us-Interviewer: “Helena Rubenstein?” 33:27 Yeah, she was one, and they taught us how to get up and how to sit down and some of them would just mock them and come in and plop down. Interviewer: “But this was new to you, you were a city girl, right and playing with the boys and now you got to sit this way?” Yes, and I was scared and you would get scared at doing these things, but I loved it just as much. Interviewer: “Did any of those things carry on for the rest of your life? Do you still sit that way?” No, no and if I want to sit down, I sit down. 34:17 Interviewer: “So, your second season, you’re not a rookie anymore and you’re still playing third base?” Yes Interviewer: “Any games that you can think of that were a little bit unusual and did you have a good year?” 10 �Oh, we had a good year, we won the championship the first year that I played and that was good. Interviewer: “Because of you?” No, I helped a little bit and I had a good year there and if I couldn’t do it with my glove, I would do it with my body. Interviewer: “You said earlier that your family was not wealthy and you were making pretty good money weren’t you?” Yeah, it was more than I did in the factory. I mean we were still at the war a couple more years I think into it and we were still at war. Interviewer: “Did you send money home?” 35:20 Yeah, oh yeah I sent it and I didn’t have anyplace to spend it because you can’t do anything anyway. Interviewer: “At that time Helen, you’re a professional baseball player and whether your mother believed it or not, you really were a professional baseball player. Were you thinking that was something you were going to keep doing every year?” Well, I didn’t hear about it at first, but I wanted to get into it and once I got into it I loved it you know. Interviewer: “But did you think you were going to be able to play this for a number of years?” No, I would just do it day by day and figure it out just as good as you can and you do what you can. 11 �Interviewer: “Did you have any idea what you wanted to do professionally with your life? Did you want to become a nurse or did you want to become anything?” No, I just wanted to play ball all day long. 36:31 Interviewer: “So, at the end of the second season you came back to Detroit and you worked in the same factory?” No, you couldn’t go back there. Interviewer: “So, did you get a job?” No, I don’t think I did. Interviewer: “You were living at home with mom and dad?” Yeah, and working around there. Interviewer: “Now the third season comes along and you’re not playing for the same team anymore, right?” Let me see, I went to Peoria and Kenosha for one year after that and then went to South Bend for three years. Interviewer: “But the Kenosha experience—how come they transferred you to Kenosha? Do you remember why?” 37:29 Well, they probably had an opening. Either somebody got hurt or you never know if they didn’t have a good player there. Interviewer: “So, you’re playing with one team and the next thing you know you’re playing with another team.” That’s right, you can go overnight, a lot of times you play ball that night and then as soon as you start packing in the dressing room and out you go to another city. That’s how they went when they were short on players. 12 �Interviewer: “Was the experience at Kenosha a good one?” Oh yeah, it was a good one, getting use to the girl next to you, you know, it takes a little time, so they make you play a little longer and you get different plays and it works out good, so I stayed there for that year. 38:37 Interviewer: “Good, then back again to Detroit?” Yes Interviewer: “And then you play another year?” Yeah Interviewer: “This time you’re with the new team, South Bend and they had a pretty good team didn’t they?” Oh yes, they did and three years I played with them and they were very good. They had a lot of old time ball players. I mean they didn’t get any new ones like the other teams got and it’s hard to get use to playing next to somebody like that, going after the ball or playing to the right team. 39:38 Interviewer: “Now, you’re playing for a number of years as a professional baseball player and even at that point you’re still not thinking that this is going to be your career?” Yes Interviewer: “Did you think that you were just going to keep playing?” I never thought that it would last that long you know. We played night after night wondering how long we were going to be together because sometimes they were talking you know, about breaking up and things like that, but we never did, so we just kept on playing. 13 �Interviewer: “What was your last year? You lasted until?” 1950 Interviewer: “The league went on until 1954, how come you left in 1950?” 40:31 I got married, yes in 1950 I got married Interviewer: “And you just decided that you weren’t going you play baseball anymore?” Yeah, and things were getting different and my boyfriend Donald Steffes said, “it’s either me or baseball”, so I quit and got married. Interviewer: “So, after that, after you finished, did you miss playing baseball?” Oh, yeah you do Interviewer: “Did you ever play another sport after that?” No, I was married and lived the married life. Interviewer: “Did you talk about your baseball experience after you were done?” 41:34 Oh, we always talked about it, anyone we met we talked about it and I use to come to the reunions too and continue to come. Interviewer: “Well, how did you hear about—did you come to the first reunion?” Yeah, I think I’ve been to all of them, oh yeah. Interviewer: “All of them, now let me ask you a real dumb question, why do you come to the reunions?” To see, to meet and talk baseball, that’s all we do you know, we get there and we tell about all these crazy plays we make or something and they will say, “oh, you were so 14 �dumb, you were supposed to the other base”, and they all laugh about it you know. It was great and the best part of my life. Interviewer: “What are some of the stories that you tell at the reunion?” 42:32 Oh, I don’t know Interviewer: “Well third base gets a lot of action.” Oh yeah, yeah it does Interviewer: “Especially when you have bases loaded.” Right, right Interviewer: “Well, let me ask you this, you did talk about your experiences with baseball and a lot of the girls never talked about it, didn’t tell their kids, didn’t tell anybody.” Oh yeah, you ought to see my room and what I got, pictures and everything and I’ve gotta—and after seeing those pictures downstairs I start saying mine aren’t so good because they’re great. Interviewer: “Were people interested in talking about baseball?” Anybody that met me would talk about it and, “are you still playing?” The first question anybody will ask you, “are you still going back?” 43:31 Interviewer: “Did you get a chance to see the movie “A League of Their Own”?” Yeah, we were in it, we were in it and we were showing them how not to throw it so hard and we laughed and had more fun with that. Interviewer: “What did you think of the movie?” We thought it was great and I thought it was great. A lot of them that saw it came out came out of their shell and said, “never knew there was any ball league”, and those 15 �pictures they had over here, they aught to put them in a book. You talk to somebody and they say, “I didn’t know that”. 44:30 Interviewer: “What do you make of all the—the movie came out and in some ways you’re treated like movie stars. What do you think about that?” Well, we were for a while there you know. We did some crazy things with them I’m telling you. Every time you would hit the ball or something they would say, “don’t throw it so hard”, or something and we just sat down and laughed because they wanted to make the picture, but they didn’t want to do the business, but it was great, the whole thing you know. Interviewer: “You went to Cooperstown?” Yes Interviewer: “How was that experience of getting inducted into the hall of fame?” That was great, that was the first time I saw the whole thing you know and it is just beautiful there. 45:30 Interviewer: “the movie, I thought, did a pretty good job out of showing the reactions of the players in there and were you in that scene in the movie?” Yes Interviewer: “I’ll look for you the next time I look at it, Ok?” Yes Interviewer: “It’s interesting because I teach at the university level and the kids are usually anywhere from eighteen to twenty and when I told them I’m doing this documentary about the All American Girls Professional Baseball League, and A league of their Own, they get all excited over it.” 16 �Everybody loves it and they say, “are you—did you see that picture?” I say, “ yeah, I was in it”, and they say, “you were?” It was really great and we loved it all the time we were working on it. Interviewer: “That was just a few years of your life, a small part of your life, but how do you look back on that period now? How do you look at it? Is it some thing that’s very special to you or is it something that just happened? Have you had a chance to think about it?” 46:41 It’s very special to me because I lived for it and a month before I had to leave town, I was packing, so it meant everything to us and kids would say, “where is everybody?” They are different people you know and there was something, the love for the game and we still loved the people around there and talked to them. We didn’t think we were stars or anything. Interviewer: “But you played professional baseball.” 47:41 Yeah, that’s right Interviewer: “One other question for you, did your mom ever get a chance to see you play baseball?” Yes, I think she saw one game and she would say, “I’m not going to watch you get hurt, I can’t watch you get hurt”, and that’s the first thing she always thought of. She would say, “you’re going to get hurt”, and I said, “well when the ball is hit to me real hard, I’ll get out of the way ma”, and she would say, “Yeah, I’ll believe that when I see it” Interviewer: “You said earlier that your dad didn’t care one way or the other, did he get a chance to see you play?” 48:28 17 �He probably did, but he wasn’t interested in it. Girls should be in the house, you know, and wash the dishes. I’m so sick of washing dishes. Interviewer: “When did your parents find out that you played for the league? Did they know early on?” Not really, not really it didn’t mean anything to them that I went out of town. They thought anybody can do that, we all play ball. Interviewer: “But that all changed.” Oh yeah and as the years go by it means more to them. Interviewer: “You have a special family her, this—you have your own family, but you have another family that’s all these other girls and all their daughters and their sons and whatnot.” We have a big family when we all get together and they all feel the same way and the mothers talk just like they do, you know. 49:47 Interviewer: “What do you think about this All American Girls Professional Baseball League? It’s part of American history now.” Yes, yes it is Interviewer: “Did you ever think it was going to be that big of a deal?” No, it was getting slowly and they would get it out there once in a while, but they get it out there now and everybody says, “A League of Their Own is on”, and everybody is going and I say, “A League of Their Own”. Interviewer: “If it’s on TV I can’t change the channel, I just—I don’t care where it starts or where it ends, I just watch it. My favorite scene is the Tom Hanks and Geena Davis when she’s about to go with her husband and leave and she said it got 18 �too hard and he said, “It’s supposed to be hard, if it wasn’t hard everybody could do it”. 50:46 Yeah Interviewer: “That’s an amazing scene and I use that in class, you gotta work at it.” It makes sense Interviewer: “did you get a chance to travel to other countries? Some of the girls went to Cuba.” Yes, I did Interviewer: “How was that experience?” I don’t know really. Interviewer: “Just another ball game?” It’s another ball game, it’s another country and they start talking and I say, “ya, ya, sure”, you don’t know what they’re talking about and they touch you. We were walking in a parade coming to the stadium one time and they touch you and get on the floor and holler, they just go out of their minds. They toss somebody and the guys that are keeping the line straight and they go up to them and are beating them with a Billy club and they didn’t care how they hit them. 52:05 Interviewer: “The public was just going crazy about it, so the police came?” Outside yeah, the police would get them if they would stick in their hand to touch you. Interviewer: “Where else did you travel to besides Cuba? Did you go any other places?” Yeah, I went on the train, I’m trying to think where I went in the wintertime. I played somewhere, I forgot already. 19 �Interviewer: “Was it South America? No” I was in Puerto Rico Interviewer: “Once again, just another ball game?” Yeah Interviewer: “No Billy clubs this time I hope.” No, sometimes they will just run in and do something and run out. Somebody had been talking and they said it’s like holy people when they run out and throw their arms up and holler. It’s something sacred and that’s why they come and run out. You got to stop it because the parade is going on. 53:33 Interviewer: “They thought you were somehow holy people, huh?” Yeah, little do they know, huh? Interviewer: “Well Helen it’s been a pleasure talking to you. Is there any story that you just want to be able to tell because I know you talk to your friends about things. Are there any stories that you can think of off the top of your head?” Right now I can’t remember. Interviewer: “All right.” 20 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource All-American Girls Professional Baseball League Interviews Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League was started by Philip Wrigley, owner of the Chicago Cubs, during World War II to fill the void left by the departure of most of the best male baseball players for military service. Players were recruited from across the country, and the league was successful enough to be able to continue on after the war. The league had teams based in Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana and Michigan, and operated between 1943 and 1954. The 1954 season ended with only the Fort Wayne, South Bend, Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo, and Rockford teams remaining. The League gave over 600 women athletes the opportunity to play professional baseball. Many of the players went on to successful careers, and the league itself provided an important precedent for later efforts to promote women's sports. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/484">All-American Girls Professional Baseball League Collection, (RHC-58)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Sports for women World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American All-American Girls Professional Baseball League--Personal narratives Oral history Baseball players--Minnesota Baseball players--Indiana Baseball players--Wisconsin Baseball players--Michigan Baseball players--Illinois Baseball for women--United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-58 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-10-02 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-58_HFilarski Title A name given to the resource Filarski, Helen (Interview transcript and video), 2010 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Filarski, Helen Description An account of the resource Helen Filarski Steffes was born in Detroit, Michigan in 1924. She grew up playing baseball with boys in the neighborhood. She met some of the players from the All American league who encouraged her to try out, and went on to play third base for Rockford, Peoria, Kenosha and South Bend between 1944 and 1950. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Boring, Frank (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) Video recordings All-American Girls Professional Baseball League--Personal narratives Baseball for women--United States Baseball Sports for women World War, 1939-1945 Baseball players--Indiana Baseball players--Illinois Baseball players--Wisconsin Women Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010-07-02 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/484">All-American Girls Professional Baseball League Collection, (RHC-55)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/fc6c9f20667c023b3ea1e78f53764fb2.pdf 4274aabbf6359c6ef6b9b36c2f127bae PDF Text Text \ F I L E; ., R T O WN S H I P C O MP R E H E N S I V E February _ 19, 1988 P L A N �FILER TOWNSHIP COMPREHENSIVE PLAN February 19, 1988 INTRODUCTION This report is intended to be the basic or master, or comprehensive plan for the Township of Fi~er. It is the adopted plan, adopted as authorized under Michigan Public Act 168 of 1959 (being the Township Planning Act, MCL 125.321 et. seq.>. It is also to serve as the plan referred to in Section 3 of P.A. 184 of 1943 (being Township Rural Zoning Act MCL 125.27~>. This plan is the main guiding document and statement of towhship policy for growth and development in Filer Tpwnship. Decisions as to priority, and where future extensions of roads, water mains, parks, etc. should be in conformity with this plan. All future amendments to the Filer Township Zoning Ordinance should be in conformity with this plan. Filer Township chose to contract with the Manistee County Planning Commission to provide professional staff to work with the Township's Planning Commission. The County Planning Department staff wrote this plan under the guidance and direction of the Filer Township Planning Commission. Decisions, recommendations and policies in this plan represent the Township Planning Commission's desires~ In doing work on this plan, certain people provided assistance, information and their time. They are: Steve Harold of the Manistee County H~storical Museum; Duane Marquand and Marjorie Johnson of the Filer Township Planning Commission. The editor typist and proofreading for this document was done by Kurt H. Schindler, County Planning Director and Sue Wagner, Planning Department secretary. Also this report relied heavily on other plans and documents which, by their nature of use, become adopted _by reference in this plan, where applicable. · They are: The Manistee County Land Use and Development Policy. as amended; United States census data for 1980 and earlier years; · Manistee County Third Level Soil Association Report and Tables, March 1982; Manistee County 1982 Economic Adjustment Strategy; and Manistee Lake Management Plan, 1982. ,-- . Members of the Filer Township Planning Commission: Duaine Marquand, Chairman Marjorie Johnson, Secretary Joseph Adamski Ed Allen Alvin Janowiak Ed Radtke Jane Sievert Paul Stelasky Members of the Filer Township Board of Trustees Alvin Janowiak, Supervisor David Rhodea, Clerk Bernard Feliczak, Treasurer Melvin Kruse, Trustee Charles Wisniski, Trustee i i �:•·,.·:·' • -:~,-.<'.:·..~~?-~t":~;•i?:: .;~: ~<. '·'•.'._\'_·..... ,. ' ~ : ~ ·(~·~.:<. .-· .: ·,. TABLE OF CONTENTS GEOGRAPHY • • • • • • • • • . SLOPE OF THE LAND • · • • Quaternary Geology Map • • • • • • • • • • • • Slope and Erosion Restrictions Map. Topographic Map, u.s~ . Geological Survey • • • • HISTORY . . . .. . . . . . . ,• . . •· . . . . . . . . . •. Filer Township Historic Sites • • • • • • Filer Township Area Maps • • . Historic United States Census Data • • • • NATURAL RESOURCES • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • SURFACE WATER. • • • • • • • • • . SO I LS • • • • • • • • • • • I If • • • • • • • • • • 12 12 13 • • • 16 .. • .• • 7 8 10 11 • . . • . . . . FORESTRY • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • AGRICULTURE • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • SPECIAL AND UNIQUE ·ENVIRONMENTS AND NATURAL FEATURES Watersheds Map. . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Flood and Septic Building Restrictions Map. • • • Filer Township Third Level Soils Map. • • • • Forest Production Potential Map • • • • • • • • • Agricultural Lands Map. • • . • • . . • • • . . • Designated Special and Unique Environment and Natural Features Map • • • • • • • • POPULATION • 1 2 4 5 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Filer Township Population by . Age Table • • • • • • Persons by Race and Spanish Origin Table • • • • • 1980 U.S. Census Ancestry Information Table • . • Resident-Seasonally Adjusted Average Population Chart • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . Filer Township Population Projections Graph ~ Filer Township Housing Distribution Map 1980 Census Data Advance Final Counts Table • • • Housing, Households, Seasonal Homes Table Manistee County Detailed Housing Characteristics Table . . . . · . . • . . . . . . . . Estimated Housing Heating Data Table • • • • • • • Detailed Housing Characteristics Table. Estimated Age of Housing Chart .••••. ECONOMY . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment and Business Estimates Table • • . Filer Township Commercial / Industry Land Occupation Map • • • • • • • • • • • •• Labor Force Profile (1980) Table • • • • • • • • • 1980 Census Data - Labor Force Table • • • • • . • Mani~tee County Estimated Labor - Force Data Table ii 17 17 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 29 32 33 34 35 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 43 55 56 57 �. . ·"' ... Estimated County of Employed Persons by Worker Tabll • . . . . . . . . . . Estimated Income and Poverty Data Table .. . Class of 57 58 COMMUNITY FACILITIES (INFRASTRUCTURE) ••••••••• UTILITIES • • • • • • • • · • • • • • • • WATER, SEWER AND DRAINAGE • • • • • •·, • SIDEWALKS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • PUBLIC BUILDINGS • • • • • • ••••••••• PARKS, RECREATION FACILITIES AND VACANT PUBLIC LAND • • Electric Utility Service Areas Map • • - • • • • Natural Gas Service Areas Map • • • • • • • • United ·S tates Post Office <Zip Code) Service Areas Map • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ~ • Cable Television Service Areas Map • • • • Green Lake County Drain Map ••••• Filer Township Water System Map ••••• Filer Township Storm Drains Map • • • • • • • Sidewalks Map • • • • • • • • • • • ••••• Public Buildings Map. • . • . . . .... Fi~er Township Parks, Public Vacant Land, and Private Recreation Facilities Map. • •• TRANSPORTATION • • • • • • • BUS TRANSIT • • • • HARBOR RAILROAD • • • • • • • Road Map around Manistee Lake •••• Manistee County Road Commission Road Certification 59 59 60 62 63 63 66 67 68 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 78 78 79 81 • 82 Road Commission Certification Detail Map. Road Surf ace ·Map • • • • • • • • , • • • • • • • • • Road Surface Detail Map • . . • • • • • . . • • • Manistee County Road Commission and Michigan Department of Transportation Average Daily Traffic County Map • • • • • • • • • • • • • Railroad Extension and Switch Yard Map 83 LAND USE ANALYSIS • • • • • • • • • • . • • LAND OWNERSHIP • • • • • LAND FRACTIONALIZATION • • • LAND USE • • • • • • • • • . • • • • COMMUNITY CHARACTER ••••. Filer T6wnship Parcel Ownership Map .•. Filer Township Recorded Subdivisions Map. Land Fractionalfzation Map • • • • • . • .• • . Filer Township Land Use/ Cover Map ••. Filer Township Land Use/Cover Map Key • • . • • • Filer Township Community Character Map of Neighborhoods •. • • • • • • • • • • • 88 88 88 91 95 104 105 106 107 108 Map • • • • • • • • iii • • • • • • • • • .. • • • 84 85 86 87 109 �. .' . . ' .;. ' .,•, ..... BOALS, OBJECTIVES, ACTION PLAN • • • • • • • • • • . • • Existing Service Are~s of Filer Township Map . • • Filer Township Planned Service Areas Map ... Deficiencies in Planned Service Areas Map LAND USE DEVELOPMENT • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Filer Township Land Use Plan Ma~ - 1986 • • • TRANSPORTATION • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • RECREATION • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • INFRASTRUCTURE • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT •. • • • • • • NATURAL ENVIRONMENT. • • • • • • • HISTORIC AND.. CULTURAL, POPULATION, OTHER • • • \ iv --- .. . -------------- - ·- - - ---- 110 112 113 114 115 116 121 123 124 126 127 128 �, GEOGRAPHY Filer Township·s surface geography is a product of glaciation. A .great deal can be · learned about .the natural features of the township through review of the glacial formations in . the county. The . network of hills west . of U.S. 31 South along Lake Michigan are the extreme southern end of the Manistee end moraine. The hills are deposits created by water running off the edge of a stationary glacier. The Manistee Moraine -- generally north of . Manistee .City, has better farm soils. The good soils, combined with the irregular topography and moderate lake effect climate, lends the area to unique farming conditions. However, in Filer Township, these thre~ major factors do not combine in the same area to create conditions to designate an area for fruit growing. The moraine in Filer Township · normally has occasional deposits of gravel and clay. One site in southeast Filer Township has High Two Clay deposits, unusual for this part of Michigan. Kettle hole lakes are found in Filer Township and are formed by a block of glacial ice buried with sediment in a moraine or plain. The ice block then melts leaving a round shaped lake. Generally a kettle hole lake does not seem to be connected to surface water drainage pattern in the county. A kettle hol~ lake is likely to· be found at various altitudes with a small drainage basin and not connected to any rivers. Canfield Lake is a classic example. Others migh_t include King Lake, Gambs Lake and Shingle Mill Lake. Other inland lakes are thought to be post glacial. _T he valley along the township's north boundary is thought to be a iacustrine plain. A ~acustrine plain in the center of Manist~~ County is the Boardman River glacial drainage corridor. The theory is thi_s dra1nage corridor, during glacial times, also included the valley at the north end of Filer Township. A major characteristic of lacustrine plains is the presence of wetlands and poorly drained soils. Lacustrine plain soils are relatively infertile and poor for farming. The· majority of Filer Township is an outwash plain. The outwash plain ·is where water moving away from a glacier deposits sand and silt, creating. flat areas and fluvial fans, etc. In Manistee·s case, the outwash plain has Rubicon and Grayling soils with some wetland. The land is very poor for farming and infertile. The water table is irregular. The area has scattered deposits of better soil such as clay ball. Often these are found today by noticing a healthy hardwood August 21, 1987 -1- �I( tree surrounded by scrub . oak or pine. system in the clay ball. That tree<s> has its root SLOPE OF THE LAND The areas shown on the map following this section have limitations for high · density residential development. The hillsides, being steep, can cause erosion problems during the act of construction and afterwards with paved drives and lawns. Septic tank. absorption fields are difficult to install and require special measures and design. Side hill seepage can occur. Although the above cautions are given in Soil Conservation Service Land Resource Inventory Map~, few of the hi .ll>sides in Manistee County are so severe that development without proper measures is not possible. With a trend toward energy efficient homes -- including underground homes hillside building sites might be considered more desirable. Obviously, though, cautions in erosion control and septic field installation must be required. The SI.ope and Erosion Restrictiqns map shows the general area of moderate to extreme slopes. The slope was estimated by use of contour maps and transferred to the map in this report. Lake Michigan shoreline bluff erosion is also shown on this map. The setbacks for erosion are determined by estimating the rate, or amount of erosion which is likely to occur at a given location along the shoreline. For example, along the south half of Filer Township, high risk erosion setbacks are established at 55 feet. The 55 feet was determined by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources by using historical air photos, surveys, etc. and comparing the shoreline with modern surveys and air photos, etc. The erosion was measured . for a period of 30 years. Thus a 55-foot setback indicates that the shoreline has eroded 55 feet in the past thirty years and is estimated to erode another 55 feet in the next thirty years. Erosion rates and setbacks were not established where loss of bluf~ occurred at an average rate of 1 foot per year or less (30 feet in thirty years>. However, in recent years, with high Lake Michigan water levels, actual erosion has not occurred as predicted. Observed erosion has occurred in areas where not predicted, has not occurred where predicted, and has occurred at rates greater than predicted. The minimum setback (administered via permit by the DNR unless the same or stricter setbacks are incorporated into local zoning) is designed to protect a structure built along Lake Michigan for a period of thirty years. Thirty years is usually the length of a mortgage. For longer protection, a greater setback should be followed. Setbacks to protect structures and ·shoreline ~n Filer August 21, 1987 -2- �.- , . . :· . Townshi'p should be subs~antially greater than DNR required setbacks ,and should apply throughout the township. A contour map of Filer Township follows this section . \ August 21, 1987 -3- �\'-~ QUATERNARY GEOLOGY MAP End Moraines (fine textured til former stillstands of sheet margins) ~ Lacustrine Sand and Gravel ~ (suspected) D Glacial Outwash and Post Glacial Alluvium f 22. Source: .., 23 .-.... ITl DNR Geological Survey Division ~ ~ 0 I: I zCl) I . :i:: ""' ..,.... 'l1 ~ tr. 2' 0 S C) o< .. )4 J3 ' 5 31 4 3 2 . . . . J::t # • .,.. �IF! ' \.) Restrictive Steep Slopes for building purposes (more than 65 12i% slope) 50 0· ® I V'I I Lake Michigan High Risk Erosion Areas Top number is the recommended setback . from the . top of the bluff. Bottom number is the -minimum setback from the top of the bluff. 21 ., 23 ~. • • ... - I ■ Cl> t"'" .,, t 0 l"1 t, l"1 ~ 11 ii 2S f 25 3) I I 0 Cl> ~ 0 :z: ~ l"1 Cl> ;1 M n t-i 0 M :z: Cl> )4 33 z ~ - •.. ----• ' 5 4 3 ,/ -~- 2 31 �TOPOGRAPHIC MAP. U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 1958 I' 20 Foot Contour Intervals \ J .u I i, -6- �. : . ... ~ ' •, . HISTORY ,. As the land . changed following the glacial activity, the various beaches and water ;courses provided ideal habitats for human occupation. · Because of this, Indian sites, frequently temporary camp sites, may be found · · near any of the ,l akes or creek~ of Filer Township. About a thousand years ago, the land along Magoon Creek at Lake Michigan was used as one of these camp sites. Here Indians utilized the abundant natural food while making projectile points and pottery vessels from the nearby clay. Lumbering activity began in the.· area now known as Filer Township with the settlement of the Stronach family nearby in 1841 •. Althoµgh their second mill was in the adjacent township to the east, they purchased and logged most of the land at the east side of the present Filer Township. The lumbermen who came to Manistee County around 1850 were the first purchasers of the majority of the land in Filer Township. It would appear there were several small pockets of prime pine timber, ·notably al.ong the Lake Michigan shoreline and in Section 33. The balance of the land was purchased because of access1bility to the · Mani.stee mills. The timber was cleared off and the land was then used for agricultural purposes. In 1855, Manistee County was organized and divided into three townships. The land of present day Filer Township was included in Stronach Township . for locaf government purposes. Between 1850 and 1867, _the Township saw a gradual · but slow development. Even at this early dat~, the adjacent large population of Manistee needed food and farm activity was started in the township because of the ready market. One or ·more large dairy f~rms were developed and extensive orchards were planted. Major activity commenced ih 1867 when the Filer family, at the time one of the largest lumbering operators in Manistee County, moved to Section 19, today's Filer City area. They built a large mill, platted a village, and commenced to log all the nearby land. About the same time, two other mills were built on Manistee Lake in Section 12, today's Oak Hill area, those of Stakoe & Nelson and Horace Taber & Sons. With all this activity, the Township was set off from Stronach in 1868, and established its own local government. The readily available jobs at the mill caused a steady influx of people and the population increased from 376 in 1870 to 1,033 in 1880, and 2,101 in 1890. Four years later, as the smaller mills were closing, the population peaked at 2,253. August 21, 1987 �·•,· . ... -_.- -~:i~•,':' ~-~ ·j:f ·:··/.;· . . ··< Industrial :.activity . continued to be centered in Section 19. The Filer and ) Sons mill operated until about 1914. This was replaced in °.1917 :by a pulp mill known as Filer -Fiber. Over the years, this . plant has . been sold and -e><panded, including paper mills, into a large industrial activity. Other industries have included a drop forge and chemical plants_. As already stated~ agriculture was . important ta township residents at · an early . date because_ of the nearby population center at Manistee. By 1904·, there were 80 farms in the township, averaging 52 acres each. These farms each had a few cows, a team . of ,- horses, several pigs, .and ·. , chickEms. For almost all the farms, truck crops were an important source of income. Cabbages, sweet- corn, . cucumbers, . strawberries, apples, and grapes found a ready mar-ket in Manistee. In addition, th~re were several large dairy farms which supplied milk to the nearby populace. Traditionally; commercial activity in Filer Township has been concentrated near industry. Sizable communities grew up around each · sawmill. Initially, all purchasing was done at company stores, but with time other stores were opened in each community • . In recent years, commercial activity has developed along U.S. 31 through the Township. After the turn-of-the-century, the prime pine timber of northern Michigan was gone and the majority of the sawmills in Manistee County ceased operation. This caused a steady decline in the population of Filer Township to a law of 1,344 in 1930. However, by this time the automobile and goad roads had arrived. With this transportation, the many people who lived and worked in Manistee sought a move away from that city. Filer was nearby and large numbers of families took up resi~ence in the Tawrtship. This has caused a steady incr-ease in the population until it reached 2,143 in 1980 - almost back to the , 1900 level of 2,238. Filer Township Historic Sites C \ ./ National Register of Historic Sites/Districts (none) State 01 Michigan Historic Regi~ter and Centennial Farms (none) Manistee County List o~ Histo~ic Sites Unknown shipwreck sites, along Lake Michigan shoreline Unknown lurnbercamp sites Architecture House 2200 Nelson St. House 2406 . Nelson St. House 1302 Twenty Seventh St. Golden Filer House 2600 Filer City Raad 2600 Filer City Road Golden Filer Carriage Hause 2600 Filer City Road Golden Filer Guest House 1825 Maple Road .Joseph Gambs House 4564 U.S. 31 South Herman Bruski House 4311 U.S. 31 South Bruski Four• Buildings August 21, 1987 -a- ~ �-~n:::-: •,s,: r:t'5'Jf:t:i~!W~f~r;,t? ",· . <,, .·.·•·•· .·. · --., ,-, •· · ·.,.'.·\\.'...,>··,.. '.I , :Rakoniewski .Cabi'n 3666 Rakoniewski Road 1951 ·'/ fist, , •- kill fri . Manis.tee Lake and pollution control _ac;t1'vity - heightened . in Manistee Lake Transportation f:='irst'·_- north-south· :_waiking route - Lake Michigan beach Allegan~uskegon ·a nd Traverse Bay State Road .,·· •. ····-:_._(predecessor · . of U.S • . 31> follows today's Nelson :- ..:·Street . and · due south to county line Filer Township Historic •Sites Two former ·. farm homestead sites at Magoon Creek Magoon . Cr.eek archaeological site Sands cottages on Twenty-First Street Old School~ 2600 Nelson . Street Old 1 room Russell School, Cherry -Road I 01 d 1 room Ayers School, Fox Farm ~ U.S. 31 C.extensi vel y remodeled) . Old 1 room Flynn School, South County Line and Maple Road ·Township Hall, 2505 Filer City Road \ August 21, 1987 ·--·- · · --. -· •· .. -9- �.. Area of Filer Township. as part· of Stronach 1855-1868 I r T 21 N \ T O WN S H I P 0 organiz.ed 1855 R 17 W R 13 ~ tO'JmlSSlOA R.14 W R 1S ti R 16 W MANtsTU COUNTY PLANNING ·, Filer Township for 1870 through 1960 U.S. Census ~ e nship .; f , _J_,:J\. T 21 tt To,:,ship R 17 W ... R 14 W R 1S 11 R 16 W R ll ~ MANISTEE COUNTY PLANNING COMMISSI~ Filer Township for 1970 and 1980 Census T 21 N Norman O R 17 W n 16 w Township R 14 W R 13 W JMN~ tOUNT't PLANNING C~~ - . .. •·•·· ·-· ..... R 1S ti ---------·--···- ··-- •· ------· ----------- Filer Township. p~st 1980 Census T 21 H Noraan O R 17 W nl6W RlS\:1_ 10 ~ -- - ·-· ···-· . ... •·- -·- . ll14W Township RllW _1 1 . ~ ~----- ........... ·- :_ _ •. ·- • �.-·-.... r - '\ j ~--· \., >. .' .. :::\~·.:_:. ·-•.: :• ·.: I Hlstorlc United Stites Census Data - January 1983 1860 Manistee County Filer To1t11shlp Manistee City 1810 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 19S0 1960 1970 1980~ Housln1 1910 ,1s s.911b 12.s32 24,233h21.1s6 26,690 20.199 11.409 11.447 11,s24 19,042 20.391 21,01, 12,21s 376 1,033 2.101 2.238 1,969 1.s1s 1,121 1.2s1 1.Jls 1.104 1.,21• 2.14J 116 3.342 6.930 12.112 14.260 12,311 9,694 1,071 1,694 1,642 1,324 7,723• 7,66S J.247 \ Population Chan&• 1970-1980 •12 . !I\ •11.6\ -2.0\ • Fl1urt 2.61 people per household (llvin& unit). Housin& counts includ•_,11 aalntaintd car• tor houses, apartaents, cabins, suaa.r h0111s, 11<>bllt ho■ es. ■ edical tacilitits. Jails. b Manistee County lost territory (Cleon Twp.) to Wuford County. h Manistee County &aintd ttnitory (Cleon Twp . ) lroa Wu(ord County. • ManistH Clty added tenltory. -~ • . , .:: . ·• ,· ... . . :: . �NATURAL RESOURCES SURFACE WATER Filer .Township is divided between si~ ' dr~inage areas-watersheds: .. ·.t1anistee Lake, Little Manistee River, Gurney Creek, .Magoon Cr.e ek, and direct: flow into Lake Michigan south of Manistee City ..to Magoon · Creek and between Magoon · and Gurney Creeks. A Watersheds map at the end of this section shows the estimated divides between watersheds in the township. Watersheds are the areas around a creek, river or lake which drain• into ' .that creek, river or lake. Thus any water which does not evaporate or soak into the ground flows downhill to a particular body of water. In Michigan's glacial geography, groundwater ~eves in roughly the same direction. Thus one can make an educated guess as to the direction sedimentation, septic nutrients and industrial pollutions wil~ migrate. This type of consideration · · is important .in locating new subdivisions, municipal water wells or major disposal sites. A complete list o.f surface water lakes and streams in listed here: Lakes: . . Canfield Lake (Section 24) Butcher Lake . (Section 24) Gambs Lake (Section 13) Lake Winnogene (Section 13) Unnamed (Section 36) Unnamed (Section 36) King Lake (Section 32) Shingle Mill Lake (Section 32) Unnamed (Section 32) Kujawski Lake (SectionL31) Manistee Lake (part, east township boundary) Lake Michigan (east shoreline) Rivers, Streams: Magoon Creek (mouth in Section 28> a designated trout stream Unnamed (mouth in Section 33~ a desi~nated trout stream Wetlands in Filer Township include the headwaters of Magoon Creek, areas associated with lakes, and kettle hole bogs in the southeast/central part of the township. There are two major wetland areas in the township. The most significant, and fragile, are wetlands associated with Magoon Creek a~d its headwaters and the marsh area at the south end of Manistee Lake, associated with the delta of the Little Manistee River. The Land Use/Cover Map in this plan illustrates the location of wetlands. August 21, 1987 -12- �~\'!.~::ft:.~ t:.":, ·: .; ..1 .., :·J·•:, • I ~ • . ,.·. . . __..:-.-~long : wit;h ._ the -discussion : of surface water, coastal areas ·· along ::Lake Michigan are classified as · flood prone ·. or flood hazard areas • . · The classification "e><fsts -for townships which / have passed ~esoluti'ons ..to participate '· in ' · the National -Flood Insurance Program ·created_. by the U.S • .. Congress, as Filer Township ··has done. Flood , and septic .restrictions map is found at the end of this section. This same .map . -. illustrate~ locations where it is not likely homeowner sewage disposal systems --- septic · tank with a drain field or dry well ··-~ wouid be permitted. These -_ areas were drawn with the _assistance · of Mr • .James Lerg ·, ,·, . Sariitarian, Manistee-Mason District Health Department. Using · :'files : in his office showing each parcel of land where a · septic_· tank ·'permit had been denied was shown on township (8 1/2 by 11 and · 8 · 112 : by 14) contour maps. Areas shown as wetlands by the u.-s. -Get>logical Survey, and areas where the health code required 1oo ·foot ·setback from water or wetlands was also marked on the maps as areas where septic systems would not be .allowed. Mr~ .· Lerg al so shaded other areas where he suspected an application for a septic tank would be denied due to the area's failure to perk when tested. Such areas may be acce~table for low density . development where there is room for special designs or larger drain fields (10 acres per living unit>. The information from Mr. Lerg's maps was transferred to the Flood and Septic - Building Restrictions Map at the end of this section. SOILS ) Soils information used for this plan (map at the end of this section> is based on the _ Manistee County Third Level Soil Association Report and Tables of March 1982. The soils information is a major source of data .on fhe township's land resources. Soil data is a major factor · in determining prime forestlands and timber productivity rates, in identifying nati anal 1 y unique agricultural areas a _n d 1 oc:al l y essential farmlands, and soil characteristics play a role in determining septic tank feasibility, industrial disposal limitations, and so on. I The Third Level Soil Associatio~ report is not a modern progressive soil survey. Such detailed information has not been done for Manistee County. A third level soil association report is a compilation of soil conservation service soil maps of individual farms. The farms were mapped when they became participants in the SCS/Soil Conservation District programs. Suc:h mapping has been done from the 1930s to present. After compiling individual farm soil maps, a soil scientist uses air photo and. a windshield survey to interpolate soil information in the un~apped areas of the county. The soils information is "third level" in that it uses old soil survey information, involves interpolation, and involves combining similar soils into broad categories (associations>. Such a report is useful for broad planning purposes and for ~aking zoning ordinance policy August 21, 1987 �:· ,; ' ·. ~:,/·;i:. -~.,~': •-:~~~t{{{:_': . ·. ·;· : decisions. · ·However., .-site inspection is . necessary. for planning specifics, such · as . for- -'.buildings, roads, farm :operation, taxation .a nd -so on. On the - map, soils were ' divided mto soi.l associations and . labeled by a letter-number · code. Discussion. here ·, · for summary -purposes, will include '. the . generalized categories shown on the attached map .with parentheses enclosing soil · association codes. Sandy soi 1 s - · Deer Park and . Eastport' CA-21 k.> , and Rubi cons . CB-1) are ,mainl~ . found in the north and west part of the township. These soils are most common in Filer - Township and can be found - throughout the southern half of Manistee County~ The soils are characterized as infertile and not well suited for agr.fcultural purposes. The sandy texture contributes to the draughty, well drained nature of the area. Water sel·dom \forms in puddles, but . soaks into the soil rapidly. Irrigation efforts must be extensive. The soils tend to be stable in that they do not heave or shift upon freezing. This characteristic allows for excellent building sites, road beds, etc. which may not require as large a foundation or base as would be required in other soil types. The rapid permeab~lity of the soil also·allows pollution -- mainly septic nutrients-· to move relatively rapidly through the soil • . While a septic tank will "work" in that it dcies not back up, concern comes with the rapid .movement of effluents and poor filtration ability of the soil. This can be countered by requiring larger drainfields, and discouraging use of drywells. Loamy sand soils Kalkaska-like soils with · a weaker profile development similar ~o Rubicon CC-7) are mainly found in the southeast portion of Filer. Township. The soils are characterized as more fertile than the sandy soils, but still not considered excellent agricultural production soil. Poor soil management practices have degraded much -of this· category of soils. Most of the soil <C-7> is consid~red by soil scientists to be a depleted soil which was originally a soil with a stronger profile, Kalkaska (C-8). Again, the soil is droughty 9 with a rapid water intake. Drainage is generally not needed with the rapid percolation. Crop or timber productivity will be higher than sandy soil~ 9 but will vary within the general group. Some of FilerI Township row crop farms are located on land with soils ' which fall into this category, though there is much better farm soils found in Filer Township. The soils tend to be stable, in that they do not heave or shift with freezing or when becoming wet or dry. As above 9 this lends itself toward better building sites. With rapid permeability of the soil, the same concerns exist relative to septic tank and pollution discharge as express~d for sandy soils. Both sandy soils and loamy-sand soils are subject to wind erosion, blowouts and sidehill seepage. Clay-loam and Clay soils -- Nester and Kent <C-1>, Nester . and Manistee. series in complex with loamy soils <C-5) -- are located in two spots, mainly associated with the Manistee moraine in the extreme northwest corner of the township (Cherry .and Merkey Roads) and in a spot in the southeast part of the township L August 21, 1987 -14- · ';.i �·, . .~·t,;.· .. ::~,.='.:;::r: ,=-: . ;..·•., : ·:· •:_.:·.:.• .-:~ • .. . . ( <Linke , Road). This soil . grouping represents the . best agriculiural and . timber productiv~ty soils i~ Manistee County. • These areas of the county are rated nationally · prime timberlands potential .and, if flat and not urbanized, considered locally essential farmlands. potential. The : -soils are moderately well drained, so . puddles can form .on the surface, water- gullies can form, and the soil · ~s ·.. generally_ tiea°'(ier., _a nd more compact. · Ir:-rigation efforts :can :· be ·more fruitf_ul · than _on · sandy or loamysand soils. The clay ··:· soil has · a . slow.-::>permeability, · and is subject to eros~on ··re!:;Ul ting from . -rapid water runoff . These soils are not as :·-.· stable . and will heave/-shff.t,'·, ·upon ·freezing ·-and thawing and ' will shr:,ink/swell upon becom~ng ,•.wet and drying •. More attention and - experise is necessary for -~'c:ji.Jndation .work ~nd road ·bed . construction ·: . is likely in these · areas. · Often the slow permeability of the ·soil does not allow for use · of septic tanks with dry wells a~ drain fieids. Historically, many of the clay soil areas of the county have been denied septic tank permits by the Manistee-Maso~ Dist~i~t Health Department. Sandy-loam -soils -- Emmet and Menominee series in complex with sandy soils ·cc-3> - are found in spots in the south and east portion .. of the township, usually associated with the edges of the Manistee Moraine. Loamy soils are also considered as better for timber and agricultural production potential. The ' · areas these soils are found in are also classified as nationally prime timberland potential and locally essential agricultural land potential. The areas these soils are found in are also classified as nationa~ly prime · timberland potential and locally essential agricultural land potential. The soil is well to moderately well drained, and like clay and clay-loam soils, may require some tile d~ainage. Irrigation efforts are more fruitful than on sandy-loam soils, but water seepage will be more rapid than clay and clay-loam soils. The soil is not as heavy as the loam-clay and clay, but also does not have properties as light as sandy soils. Its ability to support foundations without·movement is near a . compromise between a sandy soi 1. and clay soi 1. Loamy soils, however, will tend to slip sideways · (down a hill) though not as. dramatically as clay soils. Septic tank operation is not. uniform ., throughout this groupi.ng of soils. The tendency, however, is for the so'il not to perc, or to be less than efficient in allowing uater movement, making septic tank operation and maintenance more difficult. Wetland complex soils -- all mucks, organics, sands, clays and loams in wetland conditions <D-2, D-4, E-4, E-7, F-4, G-2)-are found to be mainly located in the south and east part of the township, associ a _ted with 1 akes, potholes and streams. Obviously, all such areas require artificial drainage for d~velopment. For the large part, these soils have not been rated for agricultural use (except Croswell series (Ds> which tends to fall between loamy soils and _loamy sand soils in productivity potential). This group of soils has also not been rated for timber potential. Fill,' and possibly removal of organics and mucks first, is necessary for . foundation or firm building site, August 21, 1987 -15- �.. , ) ... .•·. ·' if permitted or possible at al 1. These areas of the township do not perc, and ·septic · tank · disposal systems are ·not a viable alternative. The last generalized group involves small areas. Discussion is not necessary for the following soil groups: sand, sand dune and dune 1 ands · -<H-3) mainly along •Lake Michigan · beach; and alluvial land and flood plain sediments <H-6>. FORESTRY (, Using information from the soi~s ·report and data put together by the Prime Forestlands Identification Project in nor,thwest Michigan, the Forest_ Production ·Potential map following this section illustrates · the · areas in . Filer Township which ·a re classified as nationally prime timberlands, timberlands of regional importance .and areas not classified. For purposes of this plan, Filer Township does not have any timberlands of local importance. Forestry for Filer Township is an important industry, with Packaging Corporation of America, a corrugated medium paper and pulp mill and various logger~ and handlers. Despite · the relatively large number in Manistee County already receiving income from an aspect of the timber industry, literature indicates expansion of the timber industry is one of the best routes for Michigan economic development. The Northwest Michigan Prime Forestlands Identification Project reiterates this conclusion. Prime forest l ands are those lands which are capable of producing sustained high yields of ·wood products. Capability is determined by the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil. Four classes, or levels, of prime forestlands are recognized as defined by the U.S. Departme~t of Agriculture: 1. "Prime timberlands" Lands which are capabl• of producing 85 cubic feet (about one standard cord) per · acre p~r year in fully stocked natural · stands. These lands are nationally significant, found in the northwest corner of the township, and spotted throughout the east and south parts of the township. 2., "Unique timberlands" ~ Lands which are not capable of producing 85 cubic feet per acre per year but are growing substantial quantities of specific high value species or species capable of producing specialized wood projects. Some example~ of unique timberlands in other states are those which support black walnut plantations, pecan, and Atlantic white cedar. There are no unique timberlands desigriated in Filer Township. 3. "Timberlands of statewide or regional importance"Lands in addition to prime and unique timberlands, that are of statewide or regional importance for the growing of wood. Criteria for delineating these lands are to be determined by a state forestry committee. The Prime Forestlands Identification · Project Technical Committee has developed a regional guideline to use as a substitute until these criteria are determined. These lands consist of soils designated as important forestland by the August 21. , 1987 -16- �.L, ,?~ 1' , 1 ~·:1, ....... :•:• .~•·.. :~ . '-· ,'. ;.:..,.,...,,_.. ,~..,.,·.~::-:~•.;p;'/:";'(-lt:':: ~- Y,: :i·~:-t:!..: :"··~;, ~~~··.',:' :'..:. .' :. . .• ~ :: ,• - ( - local resource groups . :and . which produce medium-high to high volumes of wood products~ Most. of ·Filer Township's land area falls in thi• ~ategory. 4. "Ti~berlands · of local importance" - Lands which are not identified as· : having national .. or regional significance but are important ·to our local communities. These lands were also identi-fied ' by the local resource groups. None, or no noteworthy areas, were designated in Filer ··Township. AGRICULTURE The agricultural lands map, following this section, draws it~ conclusions from two ·sources.· First, the nationally unique fruit sites are delineated in the Red Tart Cherry Si'te Irwentory for . Benzie and M.anistee Countfes, Mi'chigan. Second, locally essential farmland are those areas in which clay, loamy-clay, and loamy soils are found. The map is not intended ·to indicate where farming takes place; it is attempting to present a general idea . what areas of the . township are best · suited for a particular type of agricultural activity. Manistee County does not have any prime farmland. Soils and climate simply do not provide the combination of factors which create the conditions for top of the line farm areas. Filer Township does not have Nationally Unique Farmland. Geoclimatic conditions for favorable fruit growing sites do not exist in the township. For purposes of this plan, the following definition is used for locally exceptional farmlands: "Lo1=ally exceptional farmlands" Areas which are not nationally prime farmland or unique farmland, but which have Nester, Kent, clayey soils; Emmet, McBride• Menominee, Newaygo or Ubly loamy soils; above clayey or loamy soils in complex with Blue Lake, East Lake, Kalkaska, Karlin, Leelanau, Mancelona or Montcalm sandy soils,· or in complex with Emmet, Menominee and Newaygo loamy soils as shown and coded in the Manistee County Third Level Soil Association Report as C-1, C-2, C-3 and C-5. Further, such . areas are relat)vely flat, few rocks, free from urban d~velopment, not e><cessively eroded, not saturated with water, available irrigation water, all in such a manner to accommodate common farmiMg pr•ctices in Manistee County. SPECIAL AND UNIQUE ENVIRONMENTS AND NATURAL FEATURES Special and unique environments were identified on a countywide basis by conducting a survey of known natural, unique and significant features and areas that might warrant special attention in the county. Much of that survey material is not reiterated h~re, nor a matter of public record. Sites, such as those for endangered species, or archaeological sites are intentionally omitted from specific listing in order to protect the areas from the curious, vandals, and so on. August 21, 1987 -17- . �··.·:.· .. "• : The survey .- included features listed below: a. Archaeological Sites. b. Historical · Sites •.. c. Hi~torical Structures. d. Scenic Overlooks. e. Scenic Roads. f. Scenic Areas. g • .Rare Geological Features. h. Glacial or Geological Formations. i. Areas of Endangered, Threatened or Rare Species • . j. Unique Forestlands. · k. Unique Nonforested Lands. 1. Unique Water Features. m. Unique Wetlands. \ n. Other Unique Areas. After· conducting an ·inventory of the above, the location<s> of each were plotted on a map. The locations of the plots provided evidence that most locations -t ended to congregate along some land feature. Thus, areas in Filer Township, each with attributes listed above, can be defined with a boundary. Obviously, _ all items inventoried are not included within areas of special and unique environments. It is not the intent to list each feature. Rather, the intent is to designate special and unique environments. This is taken to imply "areas" where several attributes are found, rather than "points" representing a feature. A . map at the end of this section shows location of . special and unique environments in Filer Township. August 21, 1987 -18- �f"\ t l. , .-..........- ;1 , ... j WATERSHEDS MAP ' ., » Lake Michigan Shoreline _579 Manistee River to Magoon Creek f 582 Magoon Creek to Gurney Creek I Manistee Lake 341 Manistee Lake Rivers 340 Little Manistee River 580 Magoon Creek 581 Gurney Creek !. 1 tI ·,i, Oak 0>Gum1>, Lale, f ~-'- ' i ~~ .... ~,,. , ,,, \Butchtr,, ~---;Lo.Jr, .i[)c.;,vtt1J ru ~ ◄ I ~- 1.0 I •• .. •• • •• "- . • •••..... +•• : •••• . en ::II 9 .. . .L . ~''t- ' •. , lab • I• ; I ......&...-_,-a,..._, - . . .',J\ .. H "ti . ~ a ' - en I ,, , I *" •• ..... CSJlii , • ,,. : • • ~ ' /// • •. gJ I • ·. ~ I @) I • I I I : Ayr~ Sch-.,~ f(@ ,. ..• ,~.• '--~,·-~.. ' "•; • (/ I I g co :;-~ • en ......... .. ~ •I • ·' I Ill • I ® -,.•• .. DKl,t~ '-vlalc,~ • • I • I 9'i'lfgl~Mil'1 lif' • !a'J, • lli\t;u k 2 - l ~ .:.Le,_ _-•!;!' :, 7i ....... - ~ .au,,-r_ .• - ' . -' • , . . . 7 •C::t·.. .i ~ . # ·. . ..• . . �-=-'1 .·...... _,/ ~ Areas that qualify for National Flood Insurance Program (100-year flood pl_a in) Areas where septic tank/drain field permit denial is likely. (Permit denial is also liyl · in flood plain areas along creeks and Manistee Lake shoreline.) _ tl 0 g 22. i 23 en M ~ 1-i H n ~ I N t:,:I Q H 0 I (I) i a 11 f; z(j) H ~- I 25 I .•~. i ~ en ~ H n 1-i H 0 z en , z -~ -~ ' 4 ~ I ~ 5 , 31 3 2 • . I �FILER TOWNSHIP THIRD LEVEL SOILS MAP 1982 Sand Clay A2-lk; Deer Park and Eastport with Lake Michigan effect. Bl; Rubicon Cl; Nester and Kent Sandy Loam ~ e t Menominee ·(loam) C3; A Complex'lSlue Lake, East Lake, Kalkaska, . Karlin, Leelanau, Mancelona (sand) Clay-Loam [Nester and Manistee (clay) CS; A Complex: lF.mmet, Menominee, Newago (loam) Loamy Sand , C7; A soil like Kalkaska, but depleted to_a . ; soil similar to Rubicon (Bl) Sand and/or Loam ::Borderllne Wetland ·· D2; Croswell (sand) • Jcroswell on hill areas (sand) D4; A complex: Liosco, Kawkawlin, Richer on low areas (loam) •; I ,. -21- ·, F4· Rosc011DDon (sand) domtnant with ' frawas Lupton (organic swamp) a complex:lBergl ;nd,Brevort,Ensley (clay-loam) G2; Loxl~y (organic, acid bog) Miscellaneous H3· Sand and stony lake beaches and bluffs H6i Variably textured flood plain sediments \ ".\4 t· ~ :~. Bl Wetland soils E4; AuGres and Finch (sand) ( ) . j.uGres sand E7;. In association or a complex~scommon (sand ~ "" "" �~, :::----,. \. j! '-· FOREST PRODUCTION POTENTIAL MAP Nationally Prime Timberlands ~Timberland·s of Regional ·· ~ Importance . i 'l 'I I ! tffllm Timberlands of Local -,Note; or Not Rated ! "'1 23 0 ~ en H ; "d I N N n H I H i 3 ' 5 4 ~ 25 . "d 0 i 3 H tH ~ 2 l �,r-·\ \. .,_.,...... '' I ) ; :!.--' --· AGRICULTURAL LANDS . ! I j I (none) Nationally Prime Farmland ·1 ~- .... .,' I I ii I ~-· I \ :'!.•. .;, ., ~~ '" ·-~ K (.none) Nationally Unique Farmland Locaily Exceptional lands ,, D o t Rated 22. II I N CA I I Jri· 1 23 -1 I t1 I ii 3 I ~ - I - ~ ~ -~-I I I • § ~ en 31 • ' 4 3 t ~ -~ 5 I ~ ~ z 33 24 2 l �•. -'~\ , ~ ,. ~ ) !---..--..., ) ., ~ DESIGNA1~1J SPECIAL AND UNIQUE ENVIRONMENT . AND NATURAL FEATURES . fZI t@ Lake Mi~higan Shore Spec!al and Unique Environments · - Coastal Zone Management High Risk Erosion areas Sand dune and bluffs - Scenic overlooks (Sundling Park, Russell - Magoon Creek Natural Arej - Archaeological Sites - Historic and Prehistoric Explorer Travel Routes - Beaches 23 22. '. Special Pl4nt Natural Feature within. immediate area shown Z7 >4 33 i ~ 25 ~ ~ 3l i 1j --- ' 5 4 3 2 l �POPULATION Filer Township's 1980 U.S. Census counted population is 2,143 people. This population count represents an 11.6 p ercent increase in populati·on over the 1,921 population figure given in the 1970 census. The growth of Filer Township in the ten years of ,1970 to 1980 is a continuation of a long-term trend of growth which started in the 1930s. \ . Historically, Filer Township started with a population of 376 people in 1870. The twenty years from 1870 to 1890 saw a fantastic growth in the township, 558.7 percent, before leveling off into a 10.6 percent growth during th~ 1890 decade. Presumably, during this period the older neighborhoods in the township -- Oak Hill and Filer City -- were settled in connection with the lumber industry boom. After 1900, the population of the township fell almost equally as fast to a 1930 level of 1,127. After 1930 started a slower, but more consistent, pattern of growth through to the present. In the period of 1960-1980, the rate of growth has been stable at about 11 percent for each decade. Among the people living _ in Filer Township in 1980, the largest number of indivi~uals who lived elsewhere in 1975 and moved into the township came from another house which was located in M•nistee County. This would include people who were recently married, or moved out of their parents' home, as well as established families relocating in Filer Township. This category of in~migration represents about 256 individuals. Less than half that number of people moved into Filer Township -from another county in Michigan: 119 people. About 98 people moved into Filer from . other parts of the United Statei, but not Michigan. About 238 people in Filer Township in 19~0 were born in a different state. About 12 Filer residents were born as citizens of a foreign country. The largest minority group in Filer Township like Manistee County -- is the native American Indian. The 1980 U.S. Census reported 17 individuals with Indian racial background living in the township -- about 8 tenths of one percent. The census reported that there was no one with Black, Asian, or Pacific Islander racial background. Two individuals are reported to be members of "other" racial background. People with a Polish ancestry are the most prevalent ethnic group in the township. Percentage-wise, Filer Township has a higher number of people with Polish ancestry than does Manistee County. Likewise, Manistee County has a higher percentage of people with Polish ancestry than does ' Michigan. This reflects the immigration into the Manistee area i~ the late 1800s when the I August 21, 1987 '- -25- �Polish immigrant was the common laborer in sawmills which developed around Manistee Lake. Also, the same areas of the township which were densely settled in the late 1800s -- Oak Hill and Filer City -- are adjacent and along the Manistee Lake shore corridor with the "Maxwell Town" area of Manistee City. Maxwell Town developed as a Polish neighborhood in the city and is today still recognized in the Manistee County list of historic sites as an e~hnic community which is homogenous in its culture, character of buildings, ethnic, religion, and so on. In far second place, people of German ancestry populate Filer Township. The Ancestry Table at the end of this section provides ethnic data for other ancestries in the township. Because of Filer Township's location in northern Michigan and because of its Lake Michigan shoreline, there are are~s which attract the vacationer or second homeowner. Using a process of estimation (shown on the table entitled "Resident-Seasonally Adjusted Average Population">, Filer Township has a total seasonal population of 203 additional persons, or a total summer population of 2,342. It is presumed that _Filer's seasonal population was larger at one time. When development first took place along ~he Lake Michigan shore (Red Apple Beach Shores and the Lakeland Subdivisions) in the 1960s and 1970s, the type of home built was dominantly the summer cottage. As time went on and summer cottage owners reached retirement age, the cottage was converted i _nto year-round use, or simply became the year-round home. With the advent of the Michigan State Construction Code all housing -- regardless if ~tis intended to be used year-round or summers only -- must be built to certain insulation and energy conservation standards. Thus, nearly all homes built after the late 1970s are constructed for year-round use. This has contributed to an even easier and faster transition of resort neighborhoods into year-round communities. Subdivisi·ons along the Lake Michigan shoreline in Filer are no longer "resort" in character. There is potential for further subdivision development along the Lake Michigan shore north of Red Apple Road, as existing zoning and soil types are accommodating. (As one moves farther north, soils become heavy clay tha~ does not perc, and do~s not allow for working septic systems.) Existing zoning south of the Red Apple Subdivision does not provide for - small lot development and a resort community is not likely there. Even with the potential for additional resort development, the number of seasonally used homes will be limited as the lakefront land is recognized as prime home sites by people relocating in the county -- tending for a higher proportion of homes in such areas to be in year-round use. In addition to the seasonal population, the existence of three motels :in the township also contributes to a transient or tourist population. At its highest, about 120 people would be expected to be in the township at any given time. This can bring the township's total population up to 2,462. Seasonally August 21, 1987 -26- �adjusted, the total seasonal, tourist and transient population is estimated to have a per-day average of 2,280. *********** The Population Projections Growth Graph, at the end of this section illustrates the range of simple straight-line population projections for Filer Township through th~ year 2000. The U.S. Census has been estimating a general decline in the population of Manistee County since 1980. The decline is due to the loss of jobs in the county because of the hard economic times in the first three years of the 1980s. The Traverse City Data Center, "Inc. of Traverse City (a 10-county northwest Michigan regional statistical analysis company) has estimated that the population in Filer Township has dropped 5.7 percent to a 1984 number of 2,021 persons. For purposes of discussion here, and for projecting future population, the 1984 estimates are assumed to be accurate. The Michigan Department of Management and Budget, Michigan Information Center, has projected future populations for Manistee County as in~reasing by about 1,000 persons per decade. (From that 1,000 person increase one would subtract the early 1980s' loss of population.> Accurate statistical projection at the township level is not practical and is not done by state or regional agencies. Thus, a simple straight-line graph projection is used here. The projections reache~ using the graph method can be considered to be wi thin the reasonable e><pectations for Filer Township. Filer Township is inseverably connected to the general Manistee County economy and growth patterns. It is assumed events occurring anywhere in the county which impact the area's growth will have a correspondingly proportional impact on Filer Township ' s growth. Filer Township is currently ju's t under 10 percent of the total county population. This has been true for the . past several decades and there is_ no appare~t reason to expect that relationship to change in the future. When using the straight-line projection (center line) that method FOi nci des · with the e>epec:ted "just under 10 percent" of total county population. The assumption, or argument here, is that this proportional relationship endorses the reliability of the population projection graph. It is also assumed, in making these projections, that the following events will not occur: nuclear war; extensive conventional warfare invol~ing the U.S.; socia1 unrest leading to the breakdown of civil government in Michigan or the U.S.; severe manipulation or t6llapse of world commodity markets or the domestic economy; and severe natural disasters such as fire, tornado, flooding, and so on. The assumption also made is a period of steady, slow economic: growth in northwest Michigan involving Manistee County. There is considerable argument that the Manistee area is about to enter an era of home and business grpwth similar to what August 21, 1987 -27- �Traverse City had experienced. The argument is based on the idea that land and · building prices are still low in the Manistee County area but are highe~ both south and north of Manistee County along the Lake Michigan shoreline. The low prices will attract an additional influx of people as natural economic forces tend to even the prices out along the shoreline corridor. The opposite argument is that Ma_n istee will experience canti nued economic setbacks as the ar_e a·· s 1 arger "smokestack" industries continue to have the troubles they have had in the first half of the 1980s and as the county continues its shift from a _ heavy industry base toward high technology retail and service businesses. Both these scenarios can influence any projections, and both may occur at the same time, resulting in a canceling effect. \ The projections indicate virtually no net change in population for Filer Township from 1980 to 1990. Thus it can be assumed no additional road development, or additional land zoned for residential or commercial uses will be needed in the township beyond _what is currently used for those purposes. Using the high end of the.range shown in the graph, as many as an additional 100 people might_be expected, calling for the need and potential development of an additional 20 acres of residential home sites. (100 people are equal to about 34 families/households, each occupying abo·u t 25,000 square feet of land which equals just under 20 acres.) To infills areas for residential development-instead of continued strip development along existing county roads anywhere from · 1/~ to 1 1/2 · miles of new road construction will be required. This is to indicate an absolute minimum of undeveloped land zoned for residential development, because some may buy more than 25,000 square feet, and one must have more land to accommodate competitive speculation of land development. No additional commercial or tndustrial areas should be needed to accommodate additional Filer Township population. Infill means to have housing constructed in open lands, vacant lots, between areas of existing housing, such as parcels found behind homes fronting on Cherry, Merkey, Ramona and Red Apple Roads. 1 August 21, 1987 -28- �The following Township by age: table presents the population of Filer Filer Township Population by Age Table POI;!Ulation 305 persons Years o-f Age birth to 10 years 420 persons 11 to 21 years 311 259 252 308 255 --·I persons persons persons persons persons 22 to 32 years 33 to 42 years 43 to 52 years 53 to 62 years 63 years & older Period of Life Preschool and elementary school and Secondary college/work school Work force Work force Work force Work force \ Retirement The data, above, does not_ tend to support a widely held assumption that large numbers of young people leave the community because of lack of opportunity in the Manistee area. While local residents may be leaving the area to seek employment, apparently a near equa~ number of people in the same age group are also moving into Filer Township, thus keeping the population relatively stable. Residents of Filer Township are relatively well educated. According to the 1980 U.S. Census, of those people who are . 18 years old, or older: 524 complet~d elementary school and up to 3 years of high school 689 completed high school 179 completed 1 to 3 years of college 77 completed 4 years of college 45 completed 5 or more years of . college As discussed earlier, people move to Filer· Township from other areas of Manistee County, supporting the contention the township is a desirable place to live. A segment of Filer Township's growth is also from people moving into the -area from other parts of Michigan and the United States. Nationally, there has been, a · trend in the last 1:,i years for people to move out of major metropolitan areas seeking homes in rural and small town are~s. Demographic analysis by the Uni.ted States Bureau of the Census and data from the Michigan Employment Security Commission, as well as the Manistee County Land Use Plan of 1984, present similar generalizations about the type of person and the reason people move into Manistee County, including Filer Township. People move · to · Filer for three reasons, in addition to relocation from other parts of Manistee County: persons moving here for employment opportunities, retirement, or seeking to get away from the large city. While those are thought to be the main reasons, they are certainly not the entire picture. Other reasons include moves as a result of marriage, . marital dissolution, seeking larger housing or less expensive housing, leaving school or the armed forces and desire for a change of August 21 , 1987 -29- �( climate. However, most these reasons are secondary. Major purposes for relocation. are for employment, retirement or escaping the city. Detailed discussion on employment and economy is discussed in a separate working paper, but . suffice it to say here that Manistee County shares in the national trend toward increased numbers of jobs available in retail, services, finance, real estate, insurance, transportation, utilities, communications and health fields. From 1970 to 1980 Manistee employers have provided about 17 percent more jobs overall, though some of this gain has been lost in the first three years of the 1980s. Lack of new job availability in the manufacturing and in~ustrial center has been the factor which has held the rate of growth in the county in check. In contrast, new industry\ opening in the Traverse City area has been accompanied by a much faster population growth rate in those areas, illustrating the impact of job availability to po~ulation growth. A portion of the population growth in Filer Township can be attributed to job availability, though that number of immigrants could increase considerably as the economy becomes stronger. Filer Township also sees a proportion of its residents moving into · the area for reasons of retirement. This is particularly true along the residential areas on Lake Michigan and to a lesser extent in other parts of the township. To the degree that retirees bring additional population to the area, those people contribute to the area·s tax base, economy and require ~overnment services • . Retirees buy cars, maintain houses, go shopping, and so on -- all of which contributes to the volume of business in service and retail businesses, which in turn leads to additional employment opportunities. The . final reason for moving to northern Michigan is the desire to escape from -the city. This ; migration also brings people who shop and thus contribute to the economy. They seek jobs, or less successfully depend on unemployment or social services. An important distinction to make in discussing this type of individual is that the desire is to get away from the city; not a desire for rural or country living. Thus, the expectation is for an urba~ level of services even ihough they are in a more rural area. Of concern in the south part of Filer Township is the potential for such individuals to .locate next to a farm operation or forest management area. In such an instance, it is not uncommon to hear complaints about the smell and dust from a farm, noise from machinery in operation on a farm or in timber harvesting, an~ so on. The farmer also may complain about his new neighbor's dogs, lights, and the neighbor's complaining. Also, such new · residents are not accustomed to having a septic system, its proper care, or the fact that a permit is needed; they want a . policeman, ·ambulance, fire truck.. at their door within five minutes of the call for help. There are also people who desi~e . to live in rural areas. Then, when individuais get older, or after a few years living August 21, 1987 -30- �there, they start to complain about the lack of urban services in their rural area. To avoid such conflicts in land use and to make it more practical and financially feasible to provide urban levels of government services, new residential development should be concentrated in only certain areas of Filer Township. Condensed development allows for more efficient _provision of government · services, allows for less infrastructure construction and maintenance to service a greater number of homes and businesses, and avoids traffic problems associated with lineal strip development along main arteries. Placement and location of new housing is of particular concern in Filer Township. Although the population increased 11.6 percent from 1970 to 1980, the number of houses in the township increased 26.2 percent in the same time period. This reflects the national trend toward - smaller families, and reflects home construction for use as a seasonal home, or second . home which may become a permanent residence in the future. Several tables on housing data at the end of this section provide various items of housing data on Filer Township. Data from those tables indicate some points . of note: The township has only 9 percent of its housing (68 housing units) used seasonally, a significantly lower number than normal for Manistee County as a whole. Most housing units were built between 1940 and 1969 in the township, with a proportionately higher number of housing units (comp~red to the county as a whole) built in the 1950s, 1960s and a somewhat higher proportion from 1975-1980. Filer has a higher proportion of homes with more than three bedrooms, indicating the community has a larger number of large homes in contra~t with the rest of the county. With the availability of the Filer Water Department, . a higher percentage of homes than is normally found in a Manistee County township have · public water supply. About 44 percent of the houses in Filer are serviced by -Filer Township Water D~partment. None of the houses in Filer Township are connected to a public sewag~ system. A septic tank with a drainfield or dry well is the norm. Most homes have steam, hot water or central warm air furnaces as the principal source of heat. Most homes in the township heat with natural gas-which is not normally found in Manistee townships because gas utility service is not available as it is in the northern parts of Filer Township. Oil is the second most common heating fuel used with other heating fuels trailing far behind. Market value of housing in Filer Township is higher than it is in the county as a whole -- about 10 percent higher. August 21, 1987 -31- �"1J1 I \ I, ' iY ~. ',~ ,-' . Persons By Race and Spanish Origin - 1980 U.S. Census Advance Final Count Data (April 1981) Municinality Manistee County Filer Township Manistee City* I (,I N I Tota-1 Population Persons Race Am. Indian, 1980 Eskimo .& Aleut White 22,615 i,124 7,447 23,019 2,143 7,665 98.2\ 99.1\ 98.4\ Black 0.9\ 0.8\ 0.6\ 202 17 46 47 0.2\ --17 0.2\ -- liltit;., cr#NI~ Asian and Pacific Islander 51 24 Other Spanish Origin 0.2\ 104 0.5\ 316 0.1\ 8 0.3\ 2 32 0.4\ 96 1.4\ 0.4\ 1.3\ *In early 1980 U. S. Census counts, Stronach Township's population was reported as 826 and Manistee City as 7,566. This was in error, as 99 people in group quarters (Heights Care Center) were credited to Stronach. The error was corrected so census data gives the total population as shown in the table above. However, statistics which further break down the population have not been corrected. The census wili not be correcting those figures. Estimate of Ancestry and Foreign 1.anguage Speaking at Home - 1980 U.S. Census STF 3A and PHC 80-3, Table 3 rsons-~ to 11 Years Old Who Speak A Language Other Than English At· Home Municinalit Manistee County Filer Township Manistee City Total 107 Over Who Speak A Language Other Than English At Home Percent of the Total Who Speak English ~ot Well or Not At All Total 667 47 219 1.9\ 4 57 ~-i ' ,p- I(: Percent of the Total Who Speak -. English Not Well or Not At All Percent of Persons, In Manistee County, 5 Years and Over Who Lived Outside of Michi2an in 1975 5.1\ 4.3\ 3. 6\ 4.8\ .- - 1.7\ �<_,$;:\ ; \.. ~ -, } / 1980 U.S. Census Ancestry lnfon11ation S.T.F. 14 Manistee County Plannin& Commission July 19, 1983 Total Population White PollUlltion ~ltiple Ancestr ...... . ....,...•... ...... ..,.. • ... ,... . ,... ....... ..... .... . .c .c ... .c 0 ... 0 .,, .,,Ii .,,0 • .c • ,... . II II II C I t,I t,I I Manistee Co. Filer Twp. Manistee City+ II u II .c !.! ... ... .,, .,, .,,Ii .c .c 0 0 Ii 0 t:I . C .t: Ii i:: -. ........ .... ...Ii. ....... Ii ... ... t• ... .... .• •. C ....... .... .......c. '5 .......i ....... a .c....... ....,,.u .... e .... •. • .5 .... l. t t.. ~ .5 Ii tllnicipal ity ....t- ,... .t: . .c . .t: :a Cl) .t: u C Cl. C .c . 6 .t: u 0 z 8 Cl) .... C C :@ 23,019122,61S 19,938 S204 29S4'276436J96Jl4? 30~34~316 4S~ 44~ 33~ 20~ I~ 69 69 48 2,143 2,124 964 sss ·usl 20 391151 12 S6 13 72 29 2 1 2 2 7,665 7,447 3: 206 16S2 718 75 08, 25 17 622 347 250 121 10 2 4 21 5 22 681 . II M u ....Ii. a,.~ ..• Q M II ::, t:I 9 2 - - 4 0 Cl. 4 2 - .,, .... II -•. II i: C . g.• f. Cl) .c 0 .c 0 z - 12St1S612141 - · 6 95 171 - 348 142 600 ~In early ·1980 U.S. Census counts, Stronach Township's population was reported as 826 a'l,d Manistee City as 7,566. This was in error, · u gg people in irou: quarters (Heights Care Center) were credited to Stronach. The error was corrected so census data aives the total population as shown in the table above •Indicate a sl1nificant portion of the population in the aunicipality has the indicated ancestry backiround in comparison to the county t : _ _ / t a l proportions. This does not exclude the possibility of ethnic c01111unlties within areas of a aunicipality. Manistee County has a hi&her . proportion of Polish ancestry in c011parison to Michiaan as a whole. However, statistics which further break dovn the population have not been corrected. . The census will not be correctin( those figures. -~ · �"'~ i' I ) •.'",) Resident-Seasonally Adjusted Average Population - Based on 1980 Census Advance Final Counts (April 1981) and Household Data Tapes (July 1981) I ~ r-bnicipality Penn• anent Pop. (a) Total Housina (b) Ma!)istee County Filer Township Manistee City 23,019 2,143 7,66S Vacant/ Seasonal Housing 8,490 718 3,036 3,74S (d) ~ve. Pop./ Household (afc•e) Seasonal Pop. (e·d•f) 2.68* 2.98* 2.s2• 10,106t 203 S32 , A I Penaanent Housina (b-d•c) 12,23S 786 3,247 68 211 Potential Peak Peraanent and Seasonal Pop. Peak Pop. (e·b•1) Seasonally AdJ. Ava. Pop. ((1•S)•(a•7);12•h) 27,178 ♦ 33,001· 2,342 8,182 2,226 7,880 *Figure fr011 U.S. Census, figuring 239 people do not live in housing units; rather in convents, donas, Jail, transient, ■edical facilities. This will cause a variation of 140 in the City and 99 in Manistee Township. · . •• The County total figures represent s1.111s of the !Nnicipal figures below the111, as a more accurate representation of the county. ♦ Tourist-Seasonallf Adjusted Average Population - Based on 1980 Census Advance Final Counts (April 1981) and Household Data Tapes (July 1981) r-bnici~ Manistee County Filer Township Manistee City ♦ Est. I of Motels, Hotels, Cabins (i) 24 2 7 Est. I of Motel, Hotel, Ca• bin R0011s (i•20•j) 480 40 140 Est . Peak Motel, Hotel Cebin Pop. (J · l•k) Carnp Sites (1) 1,440 120 420 1,437 0 117 Potential Peak Camp Site Pop. (1•8•m) 11,496 0 936 Potential • Peak TouristTransient Pop. (k•m•n) 12,936 -120 1,356 - Potent.l a! Peak Penaanent I Seasonal Pop. Peak Pop. (1•n•o) Seasonal and Tourist Adj. Avg. Pop. per Day 46,117 ♦ 30,957 ♦ 2,462 9,538 2,280 8,322 (h•(k•.4S)+(m·.27) ■ p) The County total figures represent surns of the municipal figures below them, as a more accurate representation of the county. ' �/- ( \ .. 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 FILER TOWNSHIP POPULATION PROJECTIONS .. ... 2,61rl / .: // / ✓2,440 2,260 ... / 2. 193 _..~2, ;.~2":i 50 )..•2': 080 21 20 19 18 17 16 \ ,021 VI ]15 l-<14 "'O c::13 ;, ____..c: 12 ·c:: •'"411 §10 'j 9 cd 8 ,033 ~ ;, g, 1 0.. 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1~50 19601970 1980 1990 2000 DECENNIAL .YEARS Projections: Population in 1990: ·population in 2000: 2,080-2,260; most likely near 2,180 2,150-2,670; most likely near 2,440 Manistee Cot.mty Planning Commission January 1985 -35- �,,. FILER TOWNSHIP ·- HOUSING· DISTRIBUTION houses per square mile: 200 and over 40 - 199.9 ~ ~ CJ 20 - 39.9 1 - 19.9 Zero -36- ----- ·------ ·-·-. - ... - ·•·- -·· \ �~ • ' ,.-------- , ~~~ :-· .~. _-_..,.., ;:..•·:1::~~f'>r-~::•,·~)::-_,_, : .. . ,!.• ·-:., :I;_ . ___ ,, I ·,.,,,. ·;. :·: ; ,;, ;: :.:,·--~ ... - :,·: ►;~'=~:'~~~:.:~~i/~-~ ,. : : .. , .: ,. . .f;:::,:!:·.:.'. :· ';1:... 1980 Census Data Advance Final Counts (A ril 1981) - Count of Housin 1980 Housin& 1970 Ho:isin1 Units \ Housin& Chan&e 1970-1980 t• Manistee County Filer Township Manistee City (Filer City/Oak Hill) 9,460 623 ·2,898 ...t +29 .3\ +26. 2\ +12 . 0\ 12,235 786 3,·247 (322) ril 1981 and household data tapes, July 1981 Housint. Households. Seasonal Homes - 1980 Census Data Advance Final Counts ... ... . .: 1980 Pop. ill Total Housin& Units Year- round PeT11anent Households ill ill 8,490 12,235 ·1116 (322) 3,247 23,019 · 1111 Manistee County 2,143 Filer Township (11S6) (Piler City/Oak Hill) 3,036 7,665 Manistee City *Ficure .fro■ U.S. Census, ficurin& 239 people do not live in housin& units; rather etc. · This vil1 cause variation in _the .City (140) and Manistee Township (99). I CA -...J I -• .· "'" . .... ~ · , : ;;, . , • ..•4 •• • People Per Vacant and Year-round Percent Seasonal Pe1111anent Group Seasonal Houses House Quarters ill (AfC•D) 31\ 3,74S 2. 611* 239 9\ 68 2.911* -o-• N/A -o-• 6\ 211 2,411· 140• in convents, dor■s, jail, transient, ■edical facilities, "'" ... . . .....• "'" . .. .. , . ' ,;"'• ; ··· : · · ····: ~ ·;: . -- 1: ·...... .. �~ ' I ,) r '· ~anistee County Detailed Housing Characteristics - 1980 U.S. Census PHC 80-3, Table 5 Year-round Housing Units Percent With: 1'l.lnicioalltv 1 (A 00 Manistee County Filer Township Manistee City Total 9,901 742 3. 231 Percent Percent Percent Built in Built Built in Years in Years 1939 or 1970-1980 1940-1969 Earlier 20.8\ 20.5\ 7.8\ 35. ◄\ . 43 . 8\ 47.3\ , 23. 1' 32.2\ 69.1\ S or More Houlln1 Units in a Structure• 3.2\ 0 . 5\ Water From 1'l.lnlcipal Central or Private Public Heat ln1 Air Utility Suooly Sewer Svstea Conditlonint 40.7\ 44.5\ 99 . 5\ a.o, 35.9\ 3.8\• 98.9\ 77.5\ I or ~lore Complete 3 or More 8athrooas Bedrooas 5. 8\ s. 1' 89.4\ 89.6\ 7.3\ 94.2\ 95.8\ 97.5\ 52.1\ 66.3\ 53.6\ . · I •Percentaees in this ·column appear as reported by the U.S. Census. Manistee County Planning Department contends the percentaaes are wrona. 1-bltiple housin1 is not that frequent. Percentaaes marked by this footnote should read 0\. Others should be ■ ade lower. •Percentaaes appear as reported by the U.S. Census. Manistee County Plannin1 Depirt ■ ent contends the data ls wron1. Percentaaes marked by this footnote should read zero, as there is no public or utility water service offered· in the respective 11Unicipalities . Total percenta1e for the county should also be adjusted. The Census Bureau staff reported people had a problem understandin1 the question. .. =}- Estimated Housin1 Heating Data - Summary Tape File 38 Heatin& Fuel · Heatin& Equipment l,bniclpal lty Manistee County Filer Township Manistee City Total Year-round Housin1 Units 9,831 743 3,232 Stea11 Central Room Room Floor, Wam Electric Other Wall, Heaters Heat or Air Heat Hot Built-in Pipe less With If/out Wate1 Furnace Pump . Electric Furnace Flue Flue 1,431 166 630 5,451 452 2,072 84 6 48 387 21 75 3)2 18 70 982 38 134 277 41 8 Fireplace Stove Portable Room Heater None 1,062 JO 18 48 J Bottle, LP Gas Gas 3,758 440 Z,674 811 44 14 - Coal Elect. Oil Coke Wood Other None 433 2694 2J 181 130 200 16 2 768 28 15 3 3 7 �1.::::\ ~! ' ' -~#·/ ) ...... .,.) ' Detailed Housinr Characteristics - 1980 U.S. Census' PHC 80-3, Table 5 Municipality I CA CD I Manistee County Filer Township Manistee City Total Occu~iei Housin1 Units Median Selected Monthly Owner Percent With Costs (Dollars) 1 or More Specified Owner Vehicles Occupltd With Available A Mort1a1e Percent With Householder Moved Into Unit 1979 to March 1980 90.4\' 94.4\ 82.2\ 15 . 3\ 8,490 718 ,lO. 2\ 3,036 17.0\ Median Selected Monthly Owner Costs (Dollars) Specified Owner Median Goods Rent (Dollars) Sp•ci!ied Occupitd, Not Morttued $319 $333 $298 Renter Occupied $201 $213 $190 $138 $140 $139 Estieated Are of Housin& • 1980 Census Data - Summary Tape File 38 Total Year-round Housinr 1-ltn ic i pa 11 Manistee County Filer Township Manistee City Uni 9,831 743 3,232 1979 to March 1980 197 29 17 \ I I . I I I I I I I I I I I 1975 to 1978 2\ 688 65 82 4\ 1\ \ I I I I I I I I I I I I I r'.' 7\ 9\ 3\ 1970 to 1974 \ I I 1,175: 12\ 58: 8\ 154 : 5\ I I I I I 1960 to 1969 \ I I 1,422 : 14\ 132: 18\ 254 : 8\ I I I I I 1950 to 1959 • \ I 1,181: 12\ 164 : 22\ ·252 : 8\ I I I I I --- 1940 to 1949 901 55 239 1939 or Earli \ I I I I I I I I l I I I I 9\ 7\ 7\ 4,337 239 2,233 \ I I I I I I I I I I I I I 44\ 32\ 69\ �ECONOMY Filer Township's internal economy is dominated by manufacturing and retail activities. The domination of these two segments of the township's economic activity is so great, that all other categories of economic activity in the township account ~o~ less than 20 percent of the total jobs provided by businesses in Filer. \ Employment .and Business Estimates Table (from Analysis of Employment and Business in Manistee County, 1992 County Planning Commission) of Businesses in Twp. (Job Providers) # s. I. c. Code -1,02, 13 . 07-08 ~ 14-17 20-39 40-49 50-51 52-59 60-65 70-89 91-97 Classification Agriculture, n/a Mining Agriculture Ser8 vices &! Const. Manufacturing 3 Transportation, 1 (or 2) Utilities, Sanitation Wholesale 1 Retail 18 Finance, Insurance, 9 Real Estate, Etc. Services ~o Public 1 (or 3) Administration TOTALS 60 Jobs in Twp. 'Y. # Jobs n/a n/a 45 1/2 5 410 3 20 234 26 1/2 9% 1 /2'l. 5'l. 51 1 /2'l. 1/2'1/. 30% 4% 1/2% 29'1. 3 1 / 4'l. 1 1 /2'l. ~ L 47 6'l. 7 1'1/. 792 1/2 i. Total Jobs in Co. 19% 4'l. 231/. 3 100% The manufacturing segment of Filer Township's economic picture is attributable mainly to Packaging Corporation of America Mill in Filer City. PCA of Illinois is wholly owned by Tenneco Corporation of Texas • . The mill is one of several in the corporate conglomeration. The PCA mill in Filer City manufactures the corrugated medium for cardboard boxes. The corrugation, and final assembly into boxes, is done elsewhere. Shipments from the plant are by rail and truck. The PCA mill owns the head, or end, . of the Chessie System Railroad line. This August 21, 1987 -40- 1 /2'l. lOO'l. �mill accounts for over half the exported manufactured product from Filer Township and a significant amount of the total exports from Manistee County. The PCA mill has historically maintained a regular reinvestment of capital into the Filer City location and on occasion has sought industrial rehabilitation tax incentives from Filer Township for parts of the capi~al program. Recent investments have been oriented toward pollution control equipment, transition of boilers (for steam> from natural gas to coal, coal dock facilities, and increased efficiencies of operation. Competition in this industry has been intense in the recent past, and has a good chance to continue to be so. Use of ca~dboard, and sale of cardboard, not only faces more , intense competition from other cardboard · manufacturers but also is not obtaining a share of the market where plastics, styrofoams, and similar products have made inroads. With this background, concern at a local level for the health and continued operation of the mill may be warranted. Traditionally, the PCA mill has been a county leader in terms of wage and benefit packages for its workers. In the past four years, other heavy industries in the Manistee Lake area have assumed that role. Employment at Packaging extends beyond those directly employed at t~e mill. PCA contracts/subcontracts with logging operators ·. and truck drivers/firms for the purchase and delivery of its raw material. Within Manistee County, an additional estimated 222 jobs are directly dependent on the. PCA mill in addition to Packaging's employees. PCA uses a hardwood -- aspen, poplar -- pulp log for its - paper-making process. While other wood can be used, the company has been becoming particular as to the type of wood purchased. PCA buys pulpwood -- by the pulp cord hauled by bolt truck or chips hauled by semi -- from an ar,ea as far as Mio. A circle extending as far as Cadillac is common, and purchases have been made from distances farther than Mio. Increasingly, a problem faced by PCA. and all of the logging industry -- is the . fractionalization of land into parcels which are smaller than 40 acres in size. For a pulpwood logging operatior, it is estimated b)i. foresters at PCA that 25 to 35 ac~es are necessary simply to break even on costs to set up logging equipment at a site. A wood chipping operation has a requirement of 40 acres or more for an ability to break even after set up costs. While this calls for large parcel, or stringent forest preservation goals for land use in much of Manistee and other counties, there appears little opportunity for such measures in Filer · Township. PCA owns large parcels of forestland in Filer, but soil fertility and thus potential for regenerative timber management practices, or growing of hybrid poplar trees, is not practical. The second major industry in the township was Manistee Forge Corporation. The Forge plant, tied to the nation's steel industry, shared the problems related to steel manufacturing in general. It closed down in 1985-6~ Between the Manistee Forge August 21, 1987 -41- �( Corporation site and Packaging Corporation of America is the site for a proposed cogeneration plant, to use waste products from PCA along with coal to create steam. The steam will be used to generate electricity (for sale to Consumers Power Company> and then sell the steam to PCA. Other manufacturing . firms in the township are small operations wholly owned by an individual who lives in the area. Those firms are _c haracterized as having ..fewer than 10 employees and remain largely anonymous in the community. The second major segment of Filer Township•s economy is the retail sector, reflecting the township·s position as a city-edge shopping mall _ area. Two shopping areas are·· located in the township, Cypress Street Plaza and the shopping center associated with K-Mart. Filer Township ha& the only shopping ,malls in Manistee County with the possible exception of Shopper's Square within -the Manistee downtown area. The largest grocer in the county is also located in one of Filer's shopping centers. Both shopping areas are nearly adjacent to the Manistee City limits and front on U.S. 31, the major artery approaching Manistee City from the south. The strip of development which includes the shopping malls and other retail and service enterprises draws shoppers from the city and much of the Manistee Lake area hinterland. The hinterland is loosely defined as extending sou~h to the Sauble River, east to the Manistee-Wexford County line, north to Arcadia, but excluding the northeast corner of Manistee County <Copemish area>. Sources of employment and economic activity are listed below. The listing is or.ganized according to the Standard Industrial Classification Manual CU~S. Government Printing Office, 1972>i and based on the · Manistee County S.I.C. List, 1982, Manistee County Planning Commission, and personal knowledge of members of the Filer Township Planning Commission. February 19, 1988 -42- �FILER TOWNSHIP COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRY LAND OCCUPATION 1985 -43- -. - ... ... - Dlanis~ee Coun~y Planninn Conunission · --·-·--·-•...... - -- ----- ·- -···-----. . ~-·- - ---- ·---·----·- · ···-- ~ --- -- - �S.I.C. Groups: A. Agriculture, .Forestry and Fishing Seven major part-time farm operations Slawinski · Preuss, Chuck Preuss, Herman Sievert, Frances Sievert, .Fred Sievert, Jack Wresins.ki Major land ownership · by Packaging Corporation of America for forestry. U.S. Forest Service Distr:ict Ranger Office, U.S.-31 · . South Steinberg's Landscaping, Maple· Road \ Dufon's Landscaping, Canfield Road B. Mining . · Transient oil and gas drilling and recovery operations. Salt brine .. wells associated with industries in two adjacent municipalities. C. Construction . Sul_'l-Lite Glass Company, ·Nelson · street Krolczyk~ Skiera, Red Apple Road Todd Ketz, U.S.-31 ·South Wright · Carpentry, S~- Maple Road Bruce Elli&, _U.S.-31 South Schrader's Masonry, Twenty Third Street Field Plumbing and Heating, Nelson Street Justmann·s Plumbing and Heating, Nelson Street Carl's Excavating, Cherry Road Rademaker Liquid Dust Layers, U.S.-31 South Industrial Welding, Oak Hill D. Manufacturing · Packaging Corporation of Americ~, Filer City E. Transportation -and Public Utilities Centel Cabl~ Televi~icin, 1213 U.S. 31 South Davis Cartage Company, Oak Hill · Filer City U.S. Post Office, Filer City _Filer · Township .Water Department, Oak Hill Kowal~ki " Trucking Ca.,·oak Hill F. Wholesale Trade Welsh Distributing Co. (Beverages>, Oak Hill G• .. Retail . Trade Building Material& Linke Lumber Ca., Filer City ·Department Stores . S.S. Kresge ·Co. <K-Mart), U.S.-31 South Food Store& Plumb's Inc.,. U.S.-31 South Eberhard' & Red Onion, U.S. -3_1 -South T -& · B Market, Filer City Witts End, Filer City February 19, 1988 �H. Automotive Dealers and Service Stations Manistee Ford-Mercury, Inc., U.S.-31 South Yates· Chevrolet, Inc., Oak Hill Phil's Auto, u.s.-31 South Oak Hill Service, Oak Hill Clark, u.s.-31 South Imperial Oil Co., inc., U.S.-31 South Apparel and Accessories Furniture and Home Stores The Drapery Den, E. Preuss Road Tandy Corporation <Radio Shack>, U.S.-31 South Eating and Drinking Places Ruth's Anchor Inn, U.S.-31 South Armedo's Pizzeria, U.S.-31 South · Elias Brothers Big Boy Restaurant, u.s.-31\ South Michigan Pizza Hut, Inc., U.S.-31 South Wendy's Restaurant, U.S.-31 South Bungalow Inn, U.S.-31 South Filer City Tavern, Filer City Gorley·s Tavern, Oak Hill Miscellaneous Steinberg Monument Sales, Maple Road Revco .Discount Drug Centers, Inc., U.S.-31 South Finance, Insurance and Real Estate First of America Bank - .Manistee Branch Office, U.S.-31 South Security National Bank Southgate Branch Office, U.S.-31 South Filer Ci ty Mill - Employees Credit Union, Filer City Manistee County Federal Credit Union, U.S.-31 South Lutheran Brotherhood (insurance>, Preuss Road Filer Township Economic Development Corporation, Oak Hill Joe Adamski, Real Estate, Oak Hill Mount Carmel Cemetery, Maple Road Trinity Lutheran Cemetery, Maple _Road Services Lodging Places Day's Inn, U.S.-31 South Hillside Motel, U.S.-31 South Sunset Motel, U.S.-31 South Personal Services Karla's Shop, Maple Road Gladys Lijewski's, Oak Drive Business Services Tye's Neon Signs, Oak Hill Auto Repair (not sales> Band S Repair, Oak Hill Tuff-Kate, Filer City Schrader's Auto Shower, Oak Hill · Miscellaneous Repair Leroy's Lock(smith> Shop, Oak Hill February 19, 1988 �Bob Mikula, T.V. Repair, Oak Hill Hanson Television Services, Merkey Road DeCair Welding, Merkey Road Holm and Sons · Septic Tank Service, Red Apple Road Motion Pictures Amusement and Recreation Manistee Lanes, U.S.-31 South Fo>< Hills Golf Course, Fo>< .,F arm Road Slender You, U.S.-31 South Health · Services Legal Services Educational Services South (Madison) Elementary School, Oak Hill G.E.D. Alternative Education, Filer City \ Social Services Michigan Employment Security Commission, U.S.-31 South Membership Organizations Amalgamated Meat Cutters and Butcher Workmen Local 539 (Eberhard's) Michigan Education Association, Oak Hill <Madison> Michigan State Employees Association <MESC> . United Food and Commercial Workers Local <Eberhard's) United Food and Commercial Workers Local <Plumb's) United Steelworkers of America Local 12585 <PCA> Crooked Tree . Girl Scouts, Camp Little Deer, Wildwood Road J. Filer Mill Community Club, Filer City Gentlemen's Motorcycle Club, Oak Hill Red Apple . Beach Association, Red Apple Road Lakeland Association, Fo>< Farm Road South Elementary Parent-Teacher Club, Oak Hill Veterans of For.eign Wars Walsh Post 4499,' Oak Hill Private Households Unknown number employing domestics, etc. Miscellaneous Public Administration ~ Filer Township Board of Trustees, Oak Hill Township of Filer, Oak Hill (government administration, tax assessment, water department, comm. ·dev., parks, etc.> Filer Township Fire Department, Oak Hill Filer Township Planning Commission, Oak Hill Filer Township is within an area of economic influence from Detroit -- as is all Manistee County -- for primary wholesale distributorship and a retail ~center. The township is within the economic influence of : Traverse City for secondary wholesale and retail shopping. (Grand Rapids may also be . considered as having :influence in ·this area, but Traverse appears to have an edge of February 19, 1988 -46- �,-:; based on ·. newspaper · circulation and political ties.> Filer Township can be .,considered an inseparable part of the Manistee Lake . area serving as .: a specialty-complete shopping area; with a primary economic impact on the •five municipalities around Manistee Lake and a larger hinterland defined above. Even though -the Manistee Lake area is politically divided between five municipalities -- Manistee City, Manistee Township, Eastlake Village, · Stronach Township a~d Filer Township -- the pattern of commercial, industrial and population concentration around Manistee Lake clearly makes the area one social-economic center. It is difficult, if not impossible, to isolate or separate the economic activities and influence·s of the Manistee Lake area by municipality. Many of the statistics generated by go~ernment agencies, universities, and private research , services do not generate data for local government units smaller than a county. <This discussion presents data that is currently available at township level. A summarization of county data will be provided here, as the reader may review county plans and reports for . detail.) A compa~ison of the table of Labor Force Profile at the end of this section with the tabfe on Employment and Business Estimates, illustrates that there js a great deal of commuting in and out of Filer Township to a person's job. Only 61 percent of the people who .live in Filer Township and work, are employed in the manufacturing· or retail sector. But over 80 percent of the jobs provided in Filer Township are retail and manufacturing. This comparison shows a · discrepancy. It does not measure the number of ~eople who live in-Filer Towriship, have a manufacturing or retail job, but still commute outside the township, and vice versa. The 1980 Census - Labor Force Table, following this section shows the 1980 U.S. Census estimated travel time for workers who do not work at home. • It is assumed that one can travel from any home in Filer Township to any place of employment in Filer Township within 14 minutes • .There are 164 residents of "Filer who travel over 14 minutes to get to work. Again, this does not measure those people who work outside Filer Township, but can get to work in the Manistee Lake · area within 15 minutes. It is presumed the • reverse also takes place, with nonresidents reporting to work in Filer Township. The proximity to Manistee City, and being a part of the Manistee Lake area places Filer Township in a geographical position that involves several advantages: ability to share a larger market area which supports a larger based economy. ability to share the Manistee Lake as an area port. to be a · member of a community which is ~ble to support railroad transportation. ability to anticipate the growth of businesses, and homes, which typically occurs at the outer edges of a .City. a February 19, 1988 -47- �( ·-._,1 ability to rely upon county-wide economic development efforts with minimal investment at a township level, with the· ability to benefit from employment anywhere in the hinterland by inc~eased shopping activity in Filer Township shopping areas. In contrast, the township also experiences what is perceived as some disadvantages to its location: the possibility of property taK · loss through annexation of township territory to Manistee City, cost of infrastructure .development to accommodate development and growth in the township, land use management problems associated with development pressures, environmental. con·c:erns associated with development and heavy i'ndustry • . In each case, the negative impacts can be reduced or eli'minated through planning and/or - enforcement of state s.tatutes. 1 Only with the issue of annexation does an apparent solution require Michigan legislative action: where annexation is no longer an antagonistic relationship, but becomes a process of border changes through mutual planning and tax revenue sharing. In that Filer Township is inseparable from the Manistee Lake area and · Manistee County economy, a summary of the Manistee County 1982 Economic Adjustment Strategy is reviewed here: By use · of a citizen committee of the Manistee County Planning Commission, and subcommittees specializing in various aspects of the . area's economy, along · with technical assistance from the Michigan Department of Labor's Office of Industrial Training, an economic development program was prepared and adopted as the economic component of the Manistee County Comprehensive Plan. Membership of the committees included three residents of Filer Township. Both short and long-term projects were developed. The projects were then . integrated into a coordinated and balanced strategy for economic retovery. The report identifies the following ~ajor problems: 1. Continued high unemployment levels that exceed those of the state and region. 2. Lack of both new industry and growth or expansion of existing bu~iness. · 3. Lack of consensus a» to the direction and type of economy and quality of life desired by the county. 4. Relatively low level of tourism development. 5. Historically low growth rates for income, population, jobs and other economic indeKes. 6. Under-utilization of . forest and agricultural as~ets. ~ A 1 ac k of .1 eadersh i p . or unwi 11 i ngness of some community · leaders to exerci~e their positions. a. Labor-Management . relations that historically are characterized by mistrust, animosity and February 19, 1988 -48- �lack of respect and understanding of the aspirations and needs of each other. The lack of a coordinated and concerted 9. effort to retain, as well as recruit new industry to the county, "to pull the (economic) cart out of the mud" by creating a consensus as . to what needs to be done in the community ~nd marshalling the resources to see that it is accomplished. Other problems w.e re also identified including such areas as conflicts between local units of government · and media coverage of local news. The subcommittees developed 44 projects to be implemented locally to start the effort to~ard achieving a healthier economy. CTwo of . those projects involved firms in Filer Township PCA and Drop Forge.] The major thrust of the strategy is to protect and strengthen existing assets in the county. Once this base is firmly established, the next step is to expand and also attempt to recruit or create additional business. Two major related projects are intended to improve the capacity of the county to respond to economic development - opportunities. First, an Economic Development Office CEDO) with a full-time Director, has been established for the purpose of coordinating the efforts of the EDCs, IDCs, DDAs and other . local groups involved in economic development. It will develop an industry retention program, industry recruitment project and develop a series of programs to expand the capabilities, expertise and opportunities of local small businesses. (Second, · in] order to create an improved environment for more Jobs and eHpanded business, a Manistee . Area-Wide Labor Management Committee has been created. Its purpose is to provide a means by which labor and management can work to improve the Quality of Work Life in Manistee, improve . productivity ·and foster new economic development for Manistee County. Other strategies involve the . coordination and expansion of tourist attraction efforts both through improved promotion efforts and _an upgrading and expansion of facilities in Manistee County and emphasis to · improve and expand the utilization of the agricultural and forest resources. Improved utilization of present agricultural resources is proposed. A wood treatment plant tied in with improved management practices is defined by various projects as a means to improve thi~ sector of the economy. The 44 projects over the next five years are February 19, 1988 -49- �predicted to cost Sl,793,500 and directly produce 142274 identifiable new jobs for the county ' s residents. Just as importantly, a positive record of change, progress and successful resolution of present problems will have laid the foundation for renewed growth in the 1990's. Although, on a county-wide basis, ~everal problems such as unemployment, underemployment, low growth rates, etc. are serious, Fi.ler Township residents tend not to have the problems as severely as the county as a whole, or even in comparison to Manistee City • . The tables at the end of this section show Filer Township per capita income, median household or family income to be 1 higher than the county's or · city's. Unemployment rate estimated by the U.S. Census for March 1980 i& considerably lower than the city ' s or county's. The Census data also indicates the number of people below the poverty level is also a lower proportion of the total population for Filer than for the county or city. Economic issues in terms of agriculture or forestry in Filer Township are not significant. Manistee County Agricultural Extension Agent, Gerald Draheim, indicates there are only parttime (alternative income in addition to the farm operation) farms in the township; Sandy soils, with little or no fertility, do not allow for competitive large scale farming in the township. In addition, land values associated with urban sprawl do not allow for economically feasible operations. At this time only four farm operations are active in the township. Soil limitations also have the same impact on forest operations. Initially Packaging Corporation of America purchased large holdings for hybrid poplar development, but abandoned the proJ~ct in Filer Township when it was found the tree requires a mo~~ fertile soil. Timber . potential does , exist for red pi•n·e plantations, but there is currently · no local demand for pine ·of any type. There is current.ly a glut of pine available for harvest in Manistee County. · Economic projections for Filer Township are not really possible, in that it will be dependent . on two major companies: Packaging Corporation of Americ. and Tondu Cogeneratian facility. The remaining segments of the township's economy are tied to the county's , economic projections as a whole. Excerpts of the projections offered in. the county Economic Strategy of 1982 are offered here. The 10-county northwest Michigan region's population growth in the last 14 years has generated major expansion cf the non-manufacturing sectors of the economy. Government employment kept pace with the economy's expansion. However, manufacturing provided no additional new jobs and the number of agricultural jobs have declined dramatically. February 19, 1988 -so~ �'_. "''3 · .. ' -- . ' _) The . region's non-farm personal incomes also increased dramatically and more than statewide averages (184% vs. 130%). However, perhaps because of the high percentage of retirees in the region, and lower wage levels in general, per capita income continues to trail the state as a whole, as it did in 1970. The .region has moved smoothly into the service sector of the economy during the seventies. However, the manufacturing sector is stagnant. Higher costs of energy and consequent higher transportation costs may have offset the historically lower wage levels of the area. The decline of auto related industry in . the state, together with the perceived . business climate have _ undoubtedly also. had their impact. The area's I 'quality of • life' . and rich natural resources continue to be positive -factors for continued growth. Manistee County and Filer Township have not been immune from the effects of the national and state economies. Indeed, the closings of industries around Manistee Lake, in the early 1980s can be attributed, at least in part, to . the national recession. To a large extent Manistee County and Filer Township "have not shared in the significant growth-trend of the region during the 1970-80 decade. Population increased regionally by 31.5% compared to 12.9% for Manistee County" and 11.oX for Filer Township. · To some extent, this has resulted from a prevailing attitude in the county of controlling and even limiting growth. There is an often heard comment that the City of . Manistee does not wish to emulate Traverse City with ·some of the associated negative growth effects which that city has experienced. Development and growth will likely continue to . occur in Manistee County at a somewhat sl ewer pace than for the region as ·a whole, unless definitive actions are taken to change present policies and programs. There are, however, m_a ny reasons for optimism concerning those diverse elements which the county possesses that could give ~rise to an improved economy in the coming years. Among them are the many basic ·tools' for development" already in place, including an established Filer Township Economic Development Corporation, and the newly established Manistee County Economic Development .Office. The physical infrastructure of the county Cwhich is available to benefit Filer Township] is most impressive . and includes •· a modern Industrial Park in Manistee City and another ona in Kaleva, all weather harbor. and deep water port facilities, a long-term commitment for rail services, 30-mila access to Interstate highway and a modern 5500 foot runway airport. Other advantages the county possesses include February 19, 1988 �1 ' _j a highly skilled labor force, a newly formed Manistee Area Wide Labor Management Committee, eMcellent training programs available through Region 10 CETA office in Traverse City, and the Michigan Department of Labor's · Office of Industrial Training, West Shore Community College, vocational education programs and organized and effective county and township government. The county's · underlying stre~gth of its natural resource base · should continue to contribute significantly to its economy in the future, particularly the burgeoning oil and gas industry, salt mining and chemical companies and wo'od products industries. The county is represented by two financi~lly healthy banks with sufficient assets to provide 'the financial basis for eMpanded area economic development · acti vi ti es. · Manistee -County offers an extremely high quality of life with a varied four-season recreational climate. There is an abundance of public land to encourage both an expanded wood products industry and a viable tourist industry. The county's access to Lake Michigan as well as its numerous inland lakes and streams provides some of the finest fresh water recreation opportunities in the county. The economic outlook in Manistee County is largely dependent _upon the health of the national and state economy. There is no immediate forecast for a significant major industry to locate into the county, although recruitment efforts .continue by the Manistee County Economic Development Office and local officials. There is also no immediate significant employment growth forecast for Manistee County. The basic resource based manufacturing industries should benefit as the national and state economies improve, but ncit to the peak employment levels of 1979-1980. Manistee County's opportunities are substantial, yet generally under utilized or ineffectively exploited." Those applic•ble ~o Filer Towriship include: •Rich in natural resources; oil and gas deposits are presently being exploited from the Niagara Reef which cuts diagonally through the county from the northeast to the southwest Cand now includes exploration in . Filer Township]. Additionally, there are brine wells in Filer and around Manistee Lake. They were first primarily brought into production before the turn .of the century and continue to provide the basis for the location of· Martin Marietta, Morton Salt and Chemical and Hardy Salt (Diamond Crystal]. February 19, 1988 -52- �\. J · The county has extensive tracts of forestland owned by both the · Federal and State governments as well as major - holdings by private ~6mpanies. Improved management ·. practices as ,well · as a means by which small holdings could :be• harvested ~conomically could further improve this . renewable resource" · Cto the . benefit of Filer's major employer and for timber industry growth]. Manistee Lake and its connection to Lake Michigan via the Manistee . River · 'm outh provides a sheltered harbor for both pleasure and commercial boating as well as industrial Great Lakes freighters. At present, the use of the -lake as a Great Lakes port remains dormant. · Present usage is limited .. to importation of coal and lignite, road salt, .limestone and gravel. Only offloading facilities are in use; cn-loadi·n g facilities are · almost · non-e>eistent and have not been used in years. CTh·e lake/part is suitable , for use . by the new Interlake Tug Barga System, . but is currently not financially feasible.] Additional development of · marina related support facilities including housing, . entertainment and supportive services remains · relativ~ly unaxpl~itad. , Expanded e>eplot'tation of tourism and outdoor sports as·· i t · relates to the above -mentioned areas, as ~ell . a~ · forfishing, hunting, boating, hiking, biking, golfing and -. other · activities remain as major development opportunities, Cparticularfy with Manistee Lake and Lake Michigan . frontage]. Manistee area is literally not even on the map of some tourism material produced by various agencies. Its wildlife and fishing .are unexcelled. There is a possibility of spin-off business opportunities . from the waste prpducts of local industries. These include the sludge from PCA for use as a fer,tilizer, and its old logs for firewotjd and pallets. Another by-product, dolomite limestone from salt processing, has possible agriculture applications. The labor force in Manistee and Filer is uniquely skilled for · a northern coµnty with a high percentage skilled in machine trades, bench work and processing occupations. With an 11-12 year average education, long, steady employment histories and in their midthirties, the unemployed represent a unique resource that can provide a stable base for new industry. The stability· of . the work force is further attested to by the fact that while the median income for the county is BOX of the statewide median, -home ownership is 68~, the same as the , statewide average. · In addition to the existing port facilities, the county -is served by air, truck and rail, all of which have additional capacities that can be put to use February 19, 1988 �without new construction configurations. or changes in present Manistee has five industrial/commercial parks, including a largely undeveloped commercial area in Filer Township. "The . county •·s . governments have · also provided basic administration infrastructure necessary for, or to assist additional e~pansion, ~ncluding Fil~r Township's Economic Development Corporation.u There is also a history of utilizing P.A. 198 and P.A. 255, · Plant and Commercial Rehabilitation Tax Abatement Incentive programs. \ February 19, 1988 -:54- �Labor Force Profile ( 11'~o) STP I 3 Count of Employed Persons 16 Years and Older by Occupation Managerial and Professional Executive. Administration and Manager Professional Specialty Tech Sales and Administrative Support Technicians and Related Sales Occupations Administrative Support Service Occupations Private Household Occupation Protective Service Occupation Service. exc. Protection and Household Fat'111ing. Forestry. Fishing . Precision. Production, Crafts. Repair Operators, Fabrications, Laborers Machine Operator. · Assembler, Insp. Transportation and Material Moving tfandlers, -Cleaners. Helpers. etc. . Count of Persons, 16 Years and Older by Industry Agriculture, Forestry. f-ishing • . Mining Construction Manufacturing Nondurable Goods Durable . Goods . Transportat i.on Communications 1 Other Public Utilities Wholesale :rrade Retail Trade Financ~,·tnsurance, Real Estate Business and Repair Service Personal, Entertainment. Recreation~Service Professional and Related Health Services Educational Services . Other :Professional Related Services Public Administration ... County of Manistee Filer Township 606 688 so 272 265 674 1,067 54 78 118 55 266 507 12 87 10 131 · ·11 34 352 16 421 121 59 52 433 105 161 452 496 13 26 46 107 1,438 1,275 231 171 142 1,355 338 248 137 19 640 400 37 91 959 274 1,211 1,203 443 451 57 \ -~:i..1 17 6 273 98 73 36 573 252 124 42 29 10 589 602 179 279 61 38 30 29 233 174 77 170 22..r -55- City of Manistee 172 58 93 126 �(l ...... {:j.. \-.,, .). -,- t· . ~J. \ •_./ • l! 1980 Census Data - Summary Tape Fi le 38 . Municipality Manistee County Filer Township Manistee City .Work Outside Total Work in Labor Manistee Manistee Co. Co. Force 7,969 829 2,906 562 19 111 6,692 705 2,575 Worker 16 Years and Over in 1979 Transportation to Work Personal Work Vehicle Personal Outside Not . ReDrive Vehicle Public Michigan ported Carpool Alone Trans. Walk Other 34 559 12 192 so 5,101 628 . 1,830 121 12 42 1,375 114 423 703 27 430 · Work at Home 246 10 78 10 19 59 I V1 °' I 1980 Census Data - Summary Tape File 38 Munici?>ality Manistee County Filer Township Manistee City 5 Min. or Less 601 22 324 5-9 Min. 2,164 284 1,216 Travel Time For Worlcers Not l'!orkin 20-29 10-14 15-19 Min. Min. Min. 1,921 299 880 1,059 111 192 849 ' 30 68 At Home 30-44 Min. 692 ·-19 87 45-59 Min. 152 4 19 60+ Min. 154 33 �r ( l '-•. 7 ~ ~J ;· Wlnistee County Estimated Labor Force Dau ._ 1980 U.S. Census; PHC 80-3 Table 3 & 4 -In Civilian Labor Force the Last Week of March 1980 Persons 16 Years Old and Older lllnicipality I 1./1 ...... I Total Workers UnnJ)loyed Percent of Total Civilian Labor Force Persons 16 Years . and Over in the Labor Force in 1979 Percent Unemployed 15 or Hore Total Weeks 17,587 9,398 7,624 1,429 15.2\ 14 . 8\ 10, 76S 77 1,624 906 801 8.5\ 1,005 10.8\ Piler Toi.-nship 3,297 2,803 391 5,893 11.9\ 3,752 14 . S\ lanistee City IA household is any eroup of people, or one person, livin& in a housin& unit . •4 family is at least two people related by blood or aarria&e livin& in a housin& unit. Ranistee Cpunty • Soninstitutionalhed Persons 16-64 Years Old .. Percent With I Work Disability Total 13,952 1,369 4,576 11.1\ 8.8\ 9.0\ Per Capita lncoae in Median Dollars 19711 Dollars House- holds• ~ Private Wa1e/Salary Worker Federal Gov't Worker State Gov't Worker Local Gov't Worker Manistee County Filer Township Manistee City 7,969 829 2, 906 5,995 688 2,306 143 18 26 165 15 89 915 69 307 SelfEmployed Worker 672 37 -162 I· Families• $14,351 $17,281 $18,542 $20,950 $13,789 $18,504 $6, 182 $6,623 $6,466 Estimated Count of Employed Persons by Class of Worker - Su111111ary Tape File 38 Total Labor Jnco■ e in 1979 Unpaid Family Worker 79 2 16 -· -. �,- ,.,.. ~ ( '- - ! t':··--1 0 ·~ \ ..._,,· \ __) \ (...,_.J .,· . ._, Esti ■ated Jncoae and Poverty Data~ 1980 U.S. Census PHC 80-3, Table 4 ~mid alit Per Capita Inc011e In 1979 Dollars Median Inc011e In 1979 Dollars Households F111ilies . I V'I 00 I Manistee County Filer Township Manistee City $6,182 $6,623 $6,466 $14,351 $18,542 $13,789 $17,281 $20,950 $18,504 22,738 2,143 7,520 ' TotaJ . lnc011e ll 1979 lelov 125 Percent of Poverty Level lncoae Total• _.:,; .... Persons For wn011 roven ~tatus 1s oetera1ned 65 Years Percent 2,443 . 10.7\ 104 766 4,9\ 10.2\ and Over 530 21 227 512 25 175 742 32 239 230 7 64 3,664 150 1,171 *Total persons nwabers 1iven in this coluan vill not alvays · equal total population for each respective IIUllicipality. C011bini~1 of E.D. and block data was done to produce statistically accurate results for each ■unicipality. The 1reat'1 the variation froa actual population counts, statistical variation should correspond in the same ■ anner. +)-:?:~ ,/' .-:-• •·• .• } �COMMUNITY FACILITIES <INFRASTRUCTURE> This section is a quick review of the utilities and public facility systems available to residents of Filer Township. The full range of public services includes those provided directly by Filer Township, those provided by private utility companies, and thqse provided by other government ·units such as county, state, board of education, etc. \ With many services, File~ Township is serviced as a whole, or i~ conjunction with~ other municipal governments. All of Filer Township is within the boundaries of the Manistee Public School System which . services the greater Manistee Lake area. In Filer Township the school system maintains an elementary building -- South Elementary for grades three and four. School buildings for students in Kindergarten through second grade and fifth grade · through 12th grade are north of Filer Township. The township is within the immediate service area of the principal Maniste• County Public Library building All of Filer Township is within the Manistee Intermediate School District, and within the service - area of West Shore Community College. ' All · of . Fi 1 er Township is serviced by Michigan Bell Telephone Company, via the Manistee 723~ exchange. The township-~ through contract to a private company-provides door-to-door solid waste collection. Refuse is taken to a private landfill, in compliance with the ;Manistee County Solid Waste Management Plan. The entire . township receives police protection · from two agencies, both headquartered outside Filer, but within two miles of the township's north border. The Man~stee County Sheriff's Department provides police, jail, civil service, animal control, detective, marine patrol, canin~ and other court services. The Michiga~ S~ate - P6lice Post (77) provides police, specialized investi~ation, canine : services. Other eme~gency services are provided by West Shore Hospital and Manistee County for ambulance _service; federal-county coope~ative emergency services planning · for the event of natural disaster or war; and fire protection provided by the Filer Township Volunteer Fire Department. · UTILITIES Electri~ity in Filer Township is provided by two separate vendors. Most of the township is serviced by Consumers Power Company of Jackson, Michigan (see Electric Utilities Servic& Area.s map at the end of this . section) . Consumers has thF.' capability to provide multiple phase service to most of its August . 21, 1987 -59- �service area, and in the - ~orth and northeast sections of the township already , has an electrical distribution system in place to accommodate large-demand users. , West Michi~an Rural ElEctrical Cooperative Ca federallyassisted company under the rural electrification act) provides service ' to th~ southwest corner of· the township. While the Cooperative 2an · provide service to larger. customers, it does not · have the appropriate distribution system in place within Filer Township. Michigan _ Consolidated Gas Company operates natural gas distribution lines in much of northern Filer' Township. The Natural · Gas Service Areas Map at the end of this section shows the extent of - their available service area. Given the demand-volume. of business -- gas lines can be extended to ~ill ~n areas in the northern part of the township~ A corridor along Maple Road also has -· the . potential for expansion, as was done along South County Line Road, mainly to service Driftwood Village Mobile . Home Park in Mason County. Two post offi-ces service Filer Township. First is the Filer City post Office -~hic~ provides post office boxes fer ~esidents of the com~unity of Filer City. The Manistee Post Office provides ci~y _deli •very _to Oak Hill resident~ and rur~l delivery to the remainder of the township as shown on the map with this section. Cable television is av-ilable to an area of the town5hip similar t6 Michigan Consolidated Gas's service area. Th~ Cable Television Service Areas map ,;l.t the end of ·this section ;;ho;..is the area wh~re Centel Cable - . T.V. generally has lines iG place ~or customer service. WATER, SEWER AND DRAINAGE drair•s•, 31~ Except for Manistee County agricultural stormwater drainage is associated with the Michigan Department c,f August 21, · 1987 -60- �Highw_a ys; .. Manistee - County· roads, or private parking lots. In each·~ase, - the _maintenarice and .~P~~at{on · of the . drains are done . fn .. conjunction ,;,'with the ■· Great tr~nsportatio~ facility; .· Lakes The ' ~anistee Co~n~y Dr~in Cable Commissioner maintains Green D L~ke Count~ Agritultural Drain. Area Geherally, county drains ~ere constructed to- provide drainage of wetlands or moist 8 u • agricultural . lands · so the • ii ser~ice area can be used for farm · purposes. Normally in Manistee County with the ll • • preponderance of -- well-drained sandy~ soils -- _agricultur~l ·drains are not needed. However, -i~ parts of Sections COMMUNITY ANTENNA TELEVISION 25, 30, 35 · and 36 ·of Filer SERVICE AREA Township, heavier s 'oi ls and poorly drainec{so.ils are found •. As shown on the County Drain map, ·_ at the end ·:- of · this sec.tion, most of Section 30 is serviced by-_ a c .o unty drai'n. · ~Filer Township. does not have a sewer system. Sanitary sewer and · commercial _wa~te -: di·s ·posal is accomplished by use of ManisteeMa_son:,·Di strict· Health Department-approved • septic tanl< and dr-ain field · or similar system. I~ the late 1970s the township was par-tic::ipating · in- -' the _South West Manistee County Utilitie>s Auih6rJty ._ with the fi~e other municipa:ities ~round Manistee Laket at~e~~ting to .seek federal grants-i~-aid to upgrade M~ni5tee City·s _se~age treatment plant and construct collector lines a~ound Manisfe~ Lake. Design work h~s been done for Filer Township for collector li~es tp service roughly the same ~rea as the township's _ water system curr-ently services. Financing at tempts have . been unsuccessful ~r.d thiree of tr,e f i VP. municipalities. aited to not particip~te in the system. At this time it, . is -unlikely sewer lines will be constructed in Filer Township. Manistee City is proceeding with 1.1.pgrac-ir1q its ;;ewer . treatme~t plant en its own. The Filer Township Water Department provides municipal water to the F~l~r City ~nd greater Oak Hill area wit~ three water w2l_ls _tsae map entitled _Fi. ler Township Water Eyi;;t~·•m). luhi.le the ~~ter sy~tem does not pr~vent yround~ater po: ~uticn from septic ;;ystems . in t:-,e rel ati ve-1 ·r de-nse pr,p....11 .;,.ted ;:,,-.;;,~-=- o-f the tm-.nshi rs, it da&i ~rcvi~F a water ~cur~e which is not likely to be c~~taminat2d from septi~ sy~tems. ror th1s r8aso~, smallP~ i:,-;;.r-ce!. siz:s can ~1e all"c,w-::d --- ir; contr-~st to_ l'JthEr a :-eas ,:if the towr-s:,i p, wat:1:?r sy5tem is cwrren-t:l'y' cldequ,;-..te fo...- 2:dst:-1rac3 use,. anticip~ted demands. · and e~pansions rFsult in som@ r1E·-fiClPiiC:le;;. _ The fc,lfrn,-ing is i~Lo_ted -4rc:im Fi.J,:?r T.£.;~i)<;-hi_g__W~t~•r The -Ho~ever, · Ai.Jgust -~ r, 198"7 J1 • �System Extension Preliminary Engineering Study summary by Gosling Czubak Associates: of Traverse City, May 1985. , Fi.l er·· Township• s ,water system · · has an adequate . supply to furni~h water . to the d~velo~ing commercial area along .U.S. 31 in the northern - part of the township. However, the pressures a~e too low. The Michigan Department . of Public Heaith will not permit extension of · water mains in , this area unless the low pressures · are alleviated. The projected average water consumption of the fully~developed study area is 55,000 GPD. ,. . Regardless of the met.hod used to alleviate the 1 ow pressure, · .the water main must be . e><tended to the commercial area. · The cost for constructing about 6900 feet of a. inch water main to serve the entire study area is estimated to be $277,000. · Construction of the water main can · be · segmented. This will help spread the cost. because the water main can be constructed in sections as the need develops. :aptio~s to alleviate the low pressure in the study area include: Altjrnate A Raise existing elevated tank Alt~rnate B Install a pressure booster station Alternate C Purchase water from.Manistee Alternate D _ Install large .diameter water mains The recommended · improvement op-tion is Alternate Bpressure ' booster station with hydropneumatic storage. ·The estimated cost of this improvement option is : .-$125~000. ·- The -combined _c ost to improve the water pressure and construct the water main that is needed at . this time (S~gment 1), would be an estimated $158,000. Alternate . Bis recommended because it is the least costly of the practi~al ~ptions that would be permitted by the M~chigan Department of Public Health. - Filer'. T~~~ship maintains about 20 to 22 storm drains in the Oak Hil~ · and Filer · City areas •• The drains consist of a street surface grate and a drywell. The function is so surface water on roads can . drain into · the drywell for discharge into the ground. · Few of the drywells are connected to storm drain mains. File~ City "Road {n Filer City is the only area of the township with drainage mains. The Storm Drains map at the end of this ·section . ~hows the approxi~ate location of the drywell storm drains. At the time of writing, these are all of the known · drains of _this t~pe in t~e township. SIDEWALKS , , A . second cha~acteristic of the two different types of Township is the existence of residenti~l · areas in Filer sidewalks. ' In Oak Hi 11 and Filer City the township maintains August 21, 1987. -62- • �p~destrian walkways., along most residential streets. Sidewalks are not .· found . in other township - residential areas, Lake Wi nnogene, ·· Cherry · Road area, Red Apple . Road or Lakeland area. In those areas of.· the township where si .d ewal ks exist, they are not · al ways ;complete.· For ex,ampl e, sidewalks do not meet ·. (Filer and · Staunton, Hilty and 'Sheridan~ Oak and Twenty Eighth Street, · Nelson · arid Twenty Eighth Stre.et > or do not exist (Madison, west .Twenty Seventh Street, Manistee Street south of Twenty Fifth Street) in some areas. PUBLIC . BUILDINGS \ .,,.. I _Filer Township maintains three , public buildings: first is the ·Filer Township Hall, a one-room schoolhouse-style ~uilding with rest rooms, offices and parking. Second is the Filer Townshi~ Fire Department which houses the township's fire figh~ing equipment,. and · meeting room. Third is the former township school building in Filer City, more recently u~ed for vocational education .. by . lease to the Manistee Public School District'. · Also in Filer Township · is South (formerly Madison) Elementary School awned and operated by the Manistee School System • . · The. Oak Hill Improvement Association building became t6wn~hip . property at the beginning · of the 1985 year. The building includes a meeting room, full kitchen, rest rooms and . storage room •. PARKS, RECREATION FACILITIES AND VACANT PUBLIC LAND .~iler Township maintains a relatively sophisticated -- and ·1arge number · of public parks and r.ecreation services in comparison to other communities in Manistee County. The , administration of the park system is done by the Filer .Township Board of Trustees with park planning done through the Planning Commission -and citizen committees. A description of park facilities follows: A. . Filer City Pool - An outdoor pool operated and staffed during t~e summe~ season • . The pool is 60 by 125 feet, a league si _z ed pool. Facilities at the pool include a wading pool for , children; bathh6use with locker rooms, showers; diving board; and fencing. The depth - ~f the pool ranges from three to eight feet. Staff of about 15 people provide lifeguards, swimming instructors and checkers at the shower rooms. Use in 1980 averaged about 650 persons per week . . The general funds (Federal Revenue Sharing) is the source o~ revenues to operate the pool, about 520,000 net cost to the township. B. A neighborhood vest-pocket park across the street from the Filer City Pool. Equipment at the park includes four teetertotters; twelve . swings; four children's swings; merry-qo-round; two · s!ides; . two pi~hic .tables under a shelter. August 21, . ·1997 -63- �r• ~ • :'\: .~ -._.,1 •• -: . ·-•·. _·. c. ·. ·_oak · Hill · Improvement Association Park - The park used to ' be a , cooperative facility between the township and the Oak Hill Improvement. Association when ·the Association was active (the As·sociati6n has . since dissolved). The . township park facilities incl.ude two tennis courts; si>< swings; six children •s swings; a ·· teeter-totter; .· ·f our _ children ·s spring sets; a cross bar swing set; · : merry~go-round. ., D. · Ball· diamond ·on ·land between Twenty · Third and Twenty Fourth Street·s . ·. The ., diamond accommodates hard and softbal 1 g~mes~ with ' a backstop, dugouts, bleachers and fencing around the playing area. · · ·, E. ·:'. Sundling Park. This park is. a road which was removed and the 66 ~ foot road right-oi-way turned into a vest-pocket . park/access -to the . Lake Michigan beach. The park is a gr~en area .with · minor; landscaping · to .provide for . parking near the road and a physical ;separation · between parki'ng · and -the beach. Facilities include a - parking lot~ .· landscaping, two benches, stairs to the . beach~ · · ·- · : F. :.. Mago.on Creek ·· Natural Area. This facility is a 97-acre day-use ar_ea •with · about . a quarter mi le of Lake Michi_gan beach frontage loc~ted in the Magoon Creek river valley. The facility is designed for walking, and limited numbers of people in the park at any one time. Parking is limited to parking lots, when lats· are· -: full, .. the park is at its maximum environmentally ~~ceptablW capacity. The area has some environmentally sensitive environments, the creek, and erosion areas currently being ~~naged ' ·under a u.s~ . Soil Conservation Service recovery plan. -Facilities !include - two parking lots for 10 autos, one parking lot (at <' entrance) . ,for six autos; entrance . gate, entrance sign' regulation . sign, three map-directional signs; miscellaneous speed limit, -no . parking and boundary signs; ten picnic tables~ five gril_ls, - 6ne ·male outhouse, one female outhouse; 41 birdhouse-type signs _ and ~ posts; ~encing, . chip paths, auto barriers, entrance road, : mounted bronze plaque. ; . · e:: South ·Elementary School and grounds. Facilities, owned and operated by the __ Manistee · Public . Schools, include multipurpo~e ~com, · gym/lunch r6o~/auditorium; · five basketball hoops; two ·. mo~k_ey bars; . two · ;:_ merry-go-rounds; five swing sets; three slides; ·.hahd:_over-hand . bars; and a bal 1 di amend with backstop. H. · 'i Filer Township Hall, see discussion above. I. . Fi 1 er City School , see discussion above. J. ~acant public l~nd owned by - the State of Michigan <Department of :· Natural . Resources) on the north side of Canfield Lake.; _-;·,. <five ·. acres) __ . ·-. K •. - ·:.Vacant pubfic land owned by the Manistee Public Schools (Scriool F~~est> ( on west - Preuss Roa~; (40 acres) . __ L. ". Vacant public land owned by the Mani.stee Pub 1 i c Schools . <School Forest) on Maple Road. (40 acres) M. ' Private Sector: Manistee Lanes (bowling alley). N. Private Sector: Hillside Motel outdoor swimming pool. 0. Private Sector: . Veterans of Foreign Wars Welsh Post 4499 community hall. -64- • �' -. •'· -' P~ camp. /' · ·-;_ Pri~ate Sector: - . Crooked Tree Girl Scout Council day- Private Sector: · Fox Hills Golf Course. Ri Private Sector: Sunset. Motel .outdoor swimming pool. S. Private Sector: Day's Inn indoor swimming pool. Previous recreation planning done by Filer Township listed def~ciencies - in their recreation system which may be seen to still exist. . .There is no neighborho.od park -- children ' s pl~y~round -- '· to serviie the . area of Canfield Lake and to service the · •. area of · Cherry-Snow Trai 1 s-west · Red Apple-Windsor-Ramona Roads • . The possibilit~ . o~ entering into a joint use agreement with _the Michigan Department of Natural Resources may provide a · sit,e:··: -in : · the · Canfield · Lake area to resolve one . of the deficiencies·•.: Vacant land - e><ists in the Cherry Road area ~ but is ~enerally ~ct a✓ ailable for ·the township at a feasible price. Q. August 21, 1987 -65- �_ J::LECTlUC . UTILITY SERVICE, AREAS - . Z1 : ~ D ~~ - ~ fl a v i » ~ ,,b o'i':-. ~ 0 35 ....-- .... \ . I \(_,,.-·....,: . -66- 3' ' ~ :n l2 �( \ (~) \, _) NATURAL GAS ·SERVICE AREA ,_.., :,· •I .. ,,•, .;.. ~· ~ ::-. . ;;1: Michigan Consolidated , Gas Company service from existing gas lines II 22. I - 23 ~ 24. ' I Q\ ~, -..J I I II \ r, )4 I d • a ::J i -• ' 5 4 3 ~ 31 ~ JS 33 25 2 �stee t ice 60 ty er UNITED STATES POST OFFICE (ZIP CODE) SERVICE AREAS Filer City Post Office 49634 (post office boxes) 11 . '•. D · Mani ee Post Rural ti oute 12 If 49660 i .a 25 t ·• 3' D w,:= •-· .. ......., . -4- , -68- �,........_ ( \ t) I( 0 . ···, ......, ·. :·~'./- . LAKi_: .. . ., . " GREEN COUNTY AGRICULTURAL .DRAIN ~' CJ . · ;, . ·- .,:-.; . '\ ~· '. :,:,; . :·.; -~{-.);..\':· · . ·, -' '"_.r- b& ':...1D- Known -... . ·_ Drain Course : · ~~~inagO Service. . •:~ ._, .·•: : 22.· -. ._;· ..' r' .... ,,,, , 23 Open ·Trench Draine to I °'ID,, ·canf ield . Lake ·. ~nd Kaniate~ Lake ' 1w 'D )4 ~ a i z 33 25 ,, 31 ~ h --·~ .., ---- " ' 5 4 3 2 1 '·. · 'i . �/' l- . , -; I \ ) \ _) _ .. -t:3)• / ' 3 "•: 'Wt-.'IER . s1s1ni DE'IAlL . . . .. (Note: Detail ~ap's no~th-south . a~es 1s· tilted on the page.) \,late~ .-M.ait\ \,late~ \,lell 31 • Jl : ·~ ~ • : .~... 3' \ . ~ ~ 1:'2 ' 11111 Se~ic~ · Area ~ ~ ·- Area Serviced by Water System ..... 0 I . = H "'d ,. I ~ · en . ~ ,, Sol"',... 3' ,, :: ~ ;• ,. ,. ,.. ~ · ,1 ··• f\\.f.l\ C en "4 en ~:. �.... FILER. TOWNSHIP STORM DRAINS Cl) ti . C ;: - .. .. W.22nd St_, _ 14th St. I _.•---.i----~ St~-----........___ W.ZJrJ -1 I 15th St. 1',r w.l 24tl\ St. Sr £:, w. ,., v, ........ 17th St. r E. 24th St. ~51h ~I \ . l ~". .!11 ..., E. 25th St. ~ 18th C St. 0 :::> ... w. E. 26th St. 26th St. E• 00 ....C >( j ', . ' ... E, 28th St. '-1,-rk ,., ·1,,1 Lake Winn<;>gen e. Subd1.vis1.o ti • ti ... . ... Cl) .... Oak Hill Detail .,__ _ _ Madison St. C: :;! • -f . Filer City Detail .. • ~torm Drain Drywell · ~ Storm Drain · ..... Main Mee St. ..: Vl ... C t'O ~ t., Pllcr Ave. • .I I -- •• llllty 'II I I • Warren -71- I I I ..,... ... n, "1 CJ. n. �.. SIDEWALKS en ... ti C (found only in the areas of the township shown) > road with adjacent sidewalks ----•road 1¾:---, sidewalk "eE' W. 22nd St 14th St. ~ ~E' W.23r St 15th St. - c: .. 1 "" ... -5 w. ; 17th St. £.· 24th St. 1 ... E. 25th St • f'\ .. en· 18th g St. ;:I ! E-. 26th St. W. 26th St. , M ... CIO C W. 27th St • )( .s / U,, . 1 , ,v U.t Lake Winnogen e Subdivisio W.28th St. E. 28th St. -~-r... - u • u .. .icn ...•C ~ Hadiaon St. :i! . Oak Hill Detail Filer City Detail Mee St. M II) M C • '" c.., Filer Ave Hilty -72- �- PUBLIC BUILDINGS A Filer Township Fire Department ·' ■ File~ To~ship Hall • ·schools 7l 21 a a 25 JI i I I »- ,. I • ' . -73- :n 32 �FILER TOWNSHIP PARKS, PUBLIC VACANT LAND, AND PRIVATE RECREATION FACILITIES • Public Parks llillIIIIII] Township-Owned Land ~Manistee Public School-Owned ~Vacant Land ~ . State of Michigan (DNR)-Owned Vacant Land ■ Private ' 22.■p Recr!ation Facility 23 Letters on map correspond to text. ..,. I r--. I ti l) ~ ■Q )4 -_) ' 5 4 31 36 %> 33 3 2 ) �TRANSPORTATION t '-..../ The major thrust of transportation planning in Filer Township will center on road construction and maintenance. Three other forms of transportation provide service within the township: Manistee County Transportation, Inc. <Dial-A-Ride and bus services>, Chessie System Railroad, and Great Lakes shipping. Road construction is one of the most powerful tools government has to influence the development or lack of development -- in a given area. Planning and routing of roads has more social impact than most other planning activities. Homes, businesses, etc. will tend to be built along existing roads. Land speculators tend to develop property in areas which already have roads, or have a short distance to e~isting roads-to minimize the developer"s cost for road construction. A clear policy at the township level as to what areas are programmed for development is important. Equally important is that the same policy indicates new roads will be built in those areas and new roads will not be built i~ areas where development is not wanted. Currently there are five types of roads in Filer Township. First is the state/federal highway which is maintained by the Michigan Department of Transportation. <Day to day maintenance is contracted out to the Manistee County Road Commission in Filer Township.} Driveway, sign and drainage regulation is handled by the MDOT's Cadillac Office. U.S. 31 is the only road of this status in Filer Township. It is the main north-south artery along the east side of Lake Michigan. The highway supports commercial development in Filer Township south of Manistee City. From time to time, MDOT proceeds with studies for the construction of a U.S. 31 freeway to and north of Manistee County., Currently the Northwest-Michigan Regional Transportation Plan does not project a need for freeway systems in the 10 counties in this part of Mich.igan. Pursuing this line of thought, MOOT, Manistee County Planning Commission and Manistee City jointly started a Manistee Lake Area Sub-Study Team which proposed improvements to existing highways in the area. Among the recommendations in Filer Township, the major need was for the U.S. 31 to be widened to four lanes from the south Manistee City limits to Twenty Eighth Street. Currently there is a traffic bottleneck, confusion point, where the road is four lanes in the city, narrows to two lanes at Manistee Catholic Central, then is three lanes until just south of Merkey Road and finally two lanes before going past the urban area with a lot of slow traffic turning off of, and on to, the highway. This situation has caused a large number of accidents. U.S. 31, from the city August 21, 1987 -75- �limits to Twenty Eighth Street, is the location of more traffic accidents than any other road or highway in Manistee County, outside the city, according to traffic accident report summaries prepared by the Michigan State Police. The second major re~ommendation of the Lake Area MDOT SubStudy Team is to construct a two-lane U.S. 31 alternate route east of Manistee Lake. In Filer Towns~ip two possible routes were proposed. First, a route to "head east near Preuss Road (incorporating a proposed Filer City truck route> around the south part of Manistee Lake, north through Stronach to M-55." The second alternative route is to roughly follow the Consumers Power high voltage power lines from the county line, at a diagonal northeast through Stronach to M-55. Both routes utilize existing M-55 to cross the Big Manistee River. The proposed route, it was recommended, is to pass as close to Manistee City as possible, to avoid use of local roads for access to and from the alternate route, and to avoid crossing the Big Manistee River in an area where urbanization and road crossings do not already exist. The Manistee County Planning Commission has taken the position the proposed U.S. 31 freeway should it ever be extended past Manistee -- should follow similar paths as those discussed above for an alternate route. Thinking is that it is important for Filer, Manistee City and Parkdale that the existing U.S. 31 be maintained as a business loop. To accomplish this, freeway interchanges are desired both north and south of the city, and the freeway route should be relatively close to the city. Further, the farther east a freeway route travels, the larger the number of environmentally sensitive areas which are impacted. Also, when crossing the Big Manistee River, the proportion of environmental damage to the Big Manistee River is directly proportionate to how far east the crossing is located. Minimum damage takes place closer to the existing M-55 river crossing. Finally, if going too far east, it will place the freeway east of the Manistee Blacker Airport in Manistee Township -- and a north interchange will be northeast of the existing U.S. 31/M-22 junction -- and too far for it to be likely to retain the existing U.S. 31 as a business loop. The second type of road in Filer Township is the county primary road. These roads are county roads, under the jurisdiction of the Manistee County Road Commission and their construction and maintenance are funded entirely by state and federal gasoline taxes. Primarv roads are main arteries, or through routes. In Filer Township, Maple Road, Merkey Road east of Maple, South County l_ine Road between Quarterline and U.S. 31 South, Twenty First Street, Twenty Eighth Street, Nelson Str·eet, Filer City Road <County Route 590), Heuer Hill Road, an~ east Preuss Road east of Heuer Hill Road are County primaries. <See maps following this section). Traditionally, Filer Township has adopted a policy of recognizing the major through rout~s in the township as predominantly north-south for traffic moving to and from the August 21, 1987 -76- �city. The philosophy is that existing north-south arteries should be maintained. From these major routes, side roads should radiate to service neighborhood areas. The side roads should not be through routes, or provide for easy or convenient travel through the neighborhood sections. Through routes in the township are considered to be Filer City Road, Heuer Hill, Nelson, U.S. 31 South, Maple and Cherry Roads. The third type of road in the townsh1p is the county local road. The county local roads (formerly known as township roads) are under the jurisdiction of the Manistee County Road Commission. Their construction is financed by state gasoline tax revenues and from the township general fund. Maintenance is financed by state and federal gasoline tax revenues. These are generally considered neighborhood service roads of varying degrees. Some have a seasonal status and do not receive yearround maintenance (no snow removal>. The road surface will vary, paved, gravel, graded sand or two-track (see road surface map following this section). The fourth type of road is the recognized private road. Private roads generally are built, maintained, and the responsibility of a land developer or the subsequent landowners. Private roads can be constructed in conjunction with a subdivision of land, an easement across private property to otherwise land-locked land, or private land roads. The Manistee County Road Commission discourages private roads in new subdivisions, and requires private roads in subdivisions to be constructed to county road standards. Private roads are shown on the road surface map. The fifth type of road in Filer Township (not shown on any maps in this report) is the incidental two-track road. Through recreational vehicle use, or just cross-county auto travel, roads are worn and defined by two-track ruts. Those two-tracks, which are not certified in the county system, have no legal status except for what someone might claim through adverse possession or prolonged public use. Such roads can be created quickly and will grow over from disuse in a short period of time. County roads (local and primary) are all certified to the Michiga~ Department of Transportation under Public Act 51 of 1951. The notations of numbers on the two certification map reproductions in this report give the length of each county road segment in feet or miles. The certification maps are used to determine the number of miles of county road for gas tax reimbursement, and becomes the Road Commission's offici~l statement as to which roads are public versus private or incidental two-track. County roads are on right-of-ways which are dedicated to the public (under Filer Township Board custodianship) as is common within subdivisions, er (2) are on right-of-ways which are recognized by use. Generally, a "user road" right-of-way is only as wide as the worn or maintained portion of the road. R □ ~d right-of-ways are also (3) owned by local, county or road August 21, 1987 -77- �commission, by recorded deed, lease, easement, in the same manner that anyone or a corporation can own land. Filer Township has a higher proportion of its roads blacktopped than is normal for most townships in Manistee County. With the possible exception of Manistee and Onekama Townships, most have half or more of the local roads as a gravel surface. There are townships in Manistee County where only primary roads are paved. The Michigan Department of Transportation and Manistee County Road Commission both set up equipment for periodic traffic counting. A map on following this section illustrates the results of the count data for Filer Township. Traffic counts strongly support the assumption that U.S. 31 South is the major north-south route through the township. The traffic count data also supports Filer's policy that north-south roads tend to serve as the major arteries through the township, and other roads serve as neighborhood connectors with fewer than 500 average daily autos. The traffic count maps further support the contention that Filer City Road, U.S. 31 South and Maple Road are major north-south arteries. BUS TRANSIT Manistee County Transportation is a federal/state subsidized public transportation system which services all of Filer Township. Service includes handicapped and senior citizen transportation, dial-a-ride (door-to-door or demand response) service, bus route in and around Manistee City and worker commuter service from rural parts of the county to employment locations in the Manistee Lake area and for community college students going to West Shore Community College. Manistee County Transportation also provides the promotional services for van and car pooling in the county and works with the Manistee County Road Commission/Michigan Department of Transportation to construct car pool parking lots. HARBOR Manistee Lake is a natural. deep draft shipping port. For Filer Township shipping is important for the importation of coal to Packaging Corporation of America. PCA maintains its own coal docks for this purpose. The potential for shipping related industry, or use of the harbor for shipping, also exists for the former Drop Forge Corporation and the former Great Lakes Chemical Company location. Associated with the county's economic development efforts there has been discussion and study for use of the harbor to ship coal to Manistee by unit train and for tug barge shipping to major coal users along ·the northern Lake Michigan shoreline. Returning tug barges may be able to haul pulpwood or other products for Manistee industries. While current studies show this concept is February 19, 1988 -78- �not yet cost effective, economies may change which will make the idea more attractive in the future. As part of the harbor and lake management, Filer Township participated in the drafting of the Manistee Lake Management Plan. That plan makes specific recommendations far the management and shoreline management of Manistee Lake, and is adopted as part of this plan by this reference. Of particular concern to Filer Township is the standardization of shoreline zoning around Manistee Lake, to define certain industrial areas and to provide for waterfront dependent industries having use of the lake for shipping, cooling water and process water. RAILROAD The Chessie System (formerly Chesapeake and Ohio) Railroad services the industrial section of Filer Township along the Manistee Lake shoreline. The railroad track approaches Manistee from the south, and goes north through Stronach, to Eastlake and around the north end of Manistee Lake before heading back south and dead-ending in Filer Township in PCA's yard. CPCA owns and maintains track farther into their yard and into the PCA factory loading area.) The railroad does not make a complete loop, connecting back with the railroad's approach to Manistee from the south. Railroad/highway crossings in Manistee City have long been an irritant and potential disaster situation for the Manistee Lake area. U.S. 31 in Manistee City is the only road heading north out of the city. It is along this road that the Chessie System not only crosses the highway twice, but maintains a switching yard. Thus, trains are switching by backing across the U.S. 31 highway. The Michigan Department of Transportation Manistee Lake Area Sub-Study Team found that the railroad/highway crossing is the number one problem with transportation in the Manistee Lake area. The study team made two recommendations to resolve the situation. The first is to extend Washington Street north to provide an alternative route out of Manistee City to the north. The second alterna~ive is to propose extending the Chessie System railroad through Filer City and south to meet the main rail line entering Manistee from the south (see map at end of this section). The switching yard would be relocated to that point (just east of the Filer-Stronach Township boundary). This would allow the railroad trac~ around the north side of Manistee Lake to be removed (so no track is found north of Eastlake, and no track is found north of the Big Manistee River Channel that runs between Manistee Lake and Lake Michigan). The advantage to the railroad would be a savings in no longer . having to maintain several bridges crossing the Big Manistee River delta, highway crossings, and the channel swing bridge. Advantage to the community would be the alleviation of the traffic and potential danger associated with the train crossing U.S. 31. Currently, however, Chessie System August 21, 1987 -79- �management is not receptive to the idea, unless the city and/or municipalities involved pay for the entire relocation cost. The potential problem, and concern, for Filer Township is the route of the railroad and grade around the south end of Manistee Lake. Both PCA and Forge Corporation -- as with nearly every major industry around Manistee Lake either . import or export (or both) material by rail. The Chessie System makes connections to most of southern Michigan urban areas, Chicago, Detroit, Appalachian coal fields, and eastern seaboard cities. Au gust 2 1 , 1987 -BO- �CI TY OF MfllllSTf/ \ -. • - ·r:·.., ··....- ~· · • • .i rr, . .• I h~--R--H-+1\Hrlt'-~:'1" • '-"T1""1 Ill ·' { ,.,-,,,.__ ~+mE~-\. '!.. :r;t: '• ~i-,.w,.t- ~ I { \ . QI . ; ,.., t1- r: I ,..... I VI :::, F O X F a r m R o d ) C V ~ C 11.■ II a. ,u :: C. a u Aultcrnate U.S t h C 0 U ',,/Iden to ~ n t \.......,. -81- lac �ca ·J MANis( W:oUNTY ROAD COMMISSIO~ !'\Ct 51 of 1951 Certification Map for Filer Township \ ,i' \ ~~i'l:,lr-~......; .. H~r.: .. I I n "· Ii! - - - - - - - - County tocal/R i I l I I • 1 ·,.·. • ' ,_ · ·--..·-· -~ ,. • ---- - _,' - • ,- ) / . , I / ci - ac '-w11JSOC1'. tt. ~u ,, ADA't.Z ..:..-.. f1: / / I ;~ ~ F Q) <Q ~ J: ,i II C o. _re, .•. Of. ~v ~ 0 ,1 ,f ~,./ . I /0 • iI - IC I.' ') :.·:uti I•; .,.. 11 o 1• ~ I RD . I ~~\ OS :+ I '~";•~•<• A&E L I E I \ . . ci ::ir:: ,' 0 E J H • FAW I I : :c: - ii t. ~ : 'I PREUSS F01. I FARM RD. I 'o •er -!! ~ I ► CA'fF1£LD L .... ._ .. /~ C \~ t)R. 0.11 f,.C,. JNC'/AN T~~IL I)° ,·o <::i 10 H + I ... -~ ~ ( ~ I x~ • 1"' C ;- I ( , j:: C ...... N ~ I . t.9- ______ 00 I ...... . ........ ,.?""", '"\- ~ . L: Road Jnder , jurl dic~ion 9f l adjacen~/ cit/ r coutiy l I ~]c.if ' :; ,JI - County Primary 11111·11~\\l!ljl!HIJ!lljljljj 1. !II :, ·.· -• .: . ·• - - c.~ State/F~aerall I ~- • ;, iI ;.w ~ r:: ' • . KING LA"E < .l. .... I r: M \µUt~ ~ µtttl 111 t1, t~ k-- -7- --.,~ i r I© I ! _ _! --°"' -- ll__ -,. __ _l_~lf �,, ROAD COMMISSION Act 51 of 1951 Certification Detail Map IZ. ,,-7 14 . .\ JJfl' St \ -,-/ . ' I .... u, '407 0 ,.._u ST. •01 i.; > < 15t, ST. II'\ •01 .....: ~ 0- ~ ~ l(:,!IST. ::, Q I:, -: "'"o .:... ~ 17nrst 'C 0 ~ •HO l8~ST. -. "" H\ I ~ 0.:, VI :~;. ::; 0 0 0 OAK HILL DETAIL l&I z > 0 t3!.9ST. "' "" '-'-8 0 ~ "' z4 t1 ST."' ► < ~ ..,"' ....., ZS'~St 0 ""o w J . #0 .... C.11 0 2.r.!s,: (,71 AD. LAKE WINNOGENE ION DETAIL State/Federal Highwa ----County Loca Road f f • County Pri mary Road 111111111111 Adjacent Municipali Road Alley or Narrow R.O.W . WILLI! l•9 ~ ""9 .., G.O.OYE ST. FILER CITY DETAIL ~~=~ HILTY -r-:.-~-,...-..,'-""'-_..... _, ST a:, I,\ C) 4l9 WARRENS -83- 198 �( : r \. (. l ROAD SURFACE -1... ,_.. See Lake Winnogene Detail cer-'C.e"C ut· c~"'e "t:J CV -~ ~ Road paved - - - - - gravel Merkey . ~ Snow Trails Q) Drive 0 I-, - - - - - - sand/two track West Red 0 e~ ~ sor I Lane 0 0 3: -.. J 4J Q) -.4 00 <G <'q~ "t:J CV e ~ QGumb~ La.h.e --· la, ----Adamczak Pt! r-- ....-0 -.4 ~"'<, t"ee CV C Rd. -0 -0 W-<.~gene ' Lake Road ::i: I uo ~ I Indian , _!r~l- l_!o~,,,' I. ------ \ Road .. \ lr- C: .~ 1;;- Cl) I --~~ " , . Critter ;,;- -fi-~r 0 ........ tf If -~o-~n:rch ,~ IC,. ' :,0 (I) •' Road • I E. Fox Farm Road I I I I I Fox IP. ex: (/) 0 C I I .... I <( I Q) Q. Q. ":T .... Q) I \ ' ~ ({AK-lng ~ Lake -0 • Q) ................ ' ex: - I ~---• ""•1th --· /",.., ......... ---··-, I I Line Road I- - - - 1®S~le ' ' �ROAD SURFACE I - - - - - - - paved - - - - - • gravel - - - - - - sand/two track ~ \;. ~e W.22nd 14th St, S t , - - - - - -...- - - - - ' \ . I <"<?. ~e W.23rd S t ~ - - - - - - - ~ - - - -.. 15th St. I i:.t I w.l 24tl\ St,\_.__ _ _ _. . ._ _ _ ___ St_ -5::, ~ W, ....., 17th St, II) 18th C St. :::> ... 0 ... 5th ~!St _ _ _ _ _ _. ._ _ _ _St. ___ E. _ 24th I I E. 25th St. g, t E, 26th St, 00 C >( j -'l, , r l , n 11,i Lake II • u ... .... Winn~g 7n 7 Subd1.v1.s1.o ... Cl) C ;j! Oak Hill Detail -----Madison St. Filer City Detail · C ..."' "·~- ~..---.·----~• '0 I,, u .c -g ..-.........!: 0 :, .... C C !:"' • • CII .c Vl • rove Filer I I I I I I I I I Mee St. ... ...l Ave.---~-.---,--..-~-, •~• __._ I I Hilty------1--ir--1 Vl ... C "' I,, t..? �r MANIS._..._,. COUNTY ROAD COMMISSION and MI IGAN DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Average Daily Traffic Count 1970-1981 I I l,300e > I I 10,000 and up I ~----:--~ 5,000 to 10,000 1I . I I -- ... - I-- -I - -- -- .....I I 1,000 to 2,500 I I 500 to 1,000 I l l,350e> I • 0 to 500 I ' No count data available I co °' I 400 • 2,500 to 5,000 - - - - -- - - I I ,300e < Actual count points, with ' I average daily count. "e" means estimate. A 150e 700e :> < 140 / / / I I I ., I ~------·-- ,- -- - ------------·- ---------- - - - ---- --- ... I I I I I I 1_1_15 > ----_:_ --, -------------~~-- - I I 7/, D v- �,.0 Q., ~ "U IV :.: xtenslon Ra 11 road I ~ch yard and sw I Q lJ t -87- �LAND USE ANALYSIS This section of the Filer Township Plan will provide an inventory and analysis of the use of the land, ownership of the land, and division of the land. To do this the treatment of the Land Use Analysis is divided into the following parts: (1) a review of the ownership of land, (2) a review of the division or fractionalization of land including subdivisions and small parcels, (3) the various classifications of the land use, and (4) an analysis of the elements which define the distinct character of various communities in the township. LAND OWNERSHIP Land in Filer Township is predominantly privately owned. Most of the land in the township is owned by private individuals, for home, vacant, farm, or commercial purposes. The second largest landownership group in Filer Township is owned by corporations: Packaging Corporation of America, Manistee Forge Corporation, or Chessie System Railroad. Packaging Corporation of America also has substantial holdings in the southwest quarter of the township and associated with their secondary treatment ponds for the industrial discharge. Other notable landholders in Filer Township include Morton-Norwich International Inc. (brine well operation) and Great Lakes Land Corp. Ca landholding/investment concern>. The third group is Filer Township, with various holdings represented as local government facilities (parks, buildings, recreation, roads, etc.). Most notable in terms of land area is the Magoon Creek Natural Area on the Lake Michigan shoreline. The fo~rth major landholder in the township is the Manistee Public Schools, both for school · facilities and forested land. The former city landfill site is still owned by Manistee City; Manistee County has interest in some lands (via general bonding for financing pollution abatement equipment for Packaging Corporation of America>. In terms of acreage, federal or state ownership of land in Filer Township is insignificant or nil. A map on at the end of this section illustrates the landownership pattern within Filer Township, naming the larger parcel owners. This map also begins to illustrate the pattern of land fractionalization in the township. LAND FRACTIONALIZATION August 21, 1987 -88- �it is in which Fractionalization of land is the manner large acreages vs. small lots; divided into parcels; such as straight edges vs. irregular square vs. long narrow strips; boundaries; and so on. The most dense (small lots) division of land is generally represented by the existence of subdivisions. When a landowner chooses to divide his land into more than four parcels, each 10 acres or smaller in size, within a 10-year' period, a formal plat must be drawn and approved as a subdivision. Other splitting of land is done as dividing property into smaller parcels. A proposed plat (the drawing of lots) is subject to a lengthy review by township, county and state agencies before the land can actually be subdivided. The review and approvals are designed to provide government the opportunity to insure compliance with zoning, that there is adequate drainage, septic facilities, road access, open space, and so on. The map of Subdivisions following this section shades in the areas within Filer Township which have recorded -- approved -- subdivisions. As a generalization, subdivisions tend to cover the largest land areas in the more urban areas of the township: Oak Hill, Filer City, Cherry-Red Apple Roads. There is another concentration of subdivisions along the Lake Michigan shoreline reflecting what was originally resort residential development. Extensive land fractionalization has also taken place ir. the township. The map entitled "Land Fractionalization" shoi,Js the area within Filer where parcel sizes are ten acres or smaller, but not within subdivisions. The areas where land is divided in this manner are commonly found adjacent to subdivisions and along main roads: Oak Hill area; Merkey-Maple Roads area; along Fox Farm, U.S. 31 South, South County Line, Preuss and Indian Trail Hoads. By comparison of the land fractionalization map with the plat map on the previous pagei one can observe that much of the fractionalized divided land is into parcels which are about 10 acres in size. Each parcel often has one home near a public road. The remainder of the parcel lies vacant. This arrangement cre~tes a situation where land which is not near a road is split up into ,d ifferent ownerships. T.his results in land remaining vacant ar.d generally not available for residential development. Small parcels are often not as economically feasib!e for developers to work with, particularly with the development of a subdivision requiring road, drainage, or other development. The result is a lack of "infilling" in areas of the township wherEresidential development is occurring. Homes tend to be built along roads, resulting in a residential land use pattern in strips along both sides of a road, while property behind the homes remains vacant. The residential development then continues to move along ro~d corridors rather than the development filling in behind existing homes: "infilling". . Fil er- Township has more than adequate l .;..nd to ac-ctwHnc,,_, a.te the anticipated growth in the township, and can accommodate the August 21, 1987 -89- �development with little infrastructure development (see discussion earlier in report>. With the anticipated population growth in the township, as little as 20 acres of additional land could be adequate to meet the growth demand with little road construction. However, due to the larger lot pattern (lack of subdividing) and homes on large parcels leaving land behind them vacant as much as 340 acres are needed (just over a half of a square mile) with the accompanying infrastructure costs for that development. For example, it takes a lot more road -- and costs a lot more -- to service 34 homes in a 340 acre area than the same 34 homes on about 20 acres. The same escalated costs exist for other services: school bus, garbage route, utilities, and so on. To address the problem head on would be for the township to enter into a detailed planning process; literally plotting future road development areas to provide access in areas which are failing to infill. A regulatory approach might be to also impose a maximum parcel size in a zoning ordinance i~ residential districts to discourage divided vacant land that results in vacant land not infilled. The township can also, in talking with landowners, discourage the development of just dividing land into large parcels, while promoting development via subdividing. The township may consider speculative construction of a road under the theory that home development will follow along the road. Concern with this approach is that taxes collected on developed land to pay for the speculative development is not seen as a realistic way to recover the investment. The township can also, by policy, refuse to develop roads or allow road development in areas not zoned primarily for residential use. Also the township can agree to road development, (agreeing or not agreeing) to share cost or roads with developers, in areas zoned primarily for industrial, commercial or residential uses . . This policy of road development can be used as a means to encourage development in certain areas of the township. This approach is also not viewed as workable as there is a political fear of sharing costs in one instance and not another. Thus, using road development as a tool is limited to the options of detailed planning of road location, persuasipn with landowners to ~iscourage land development / road development in rural areas versus encourage developme"t in residential and in more dense residential, commercjal and industrial areas, creating a maximum p~rcel size allowable. Filer Township Planning Commission has previously st~ted the objective of keeping residential development at the north end of the township, adjacent to similar development in Manistee City. Allowing development to occur on large parcels will, in part, work counter to that goal as housing will sprawl out over a larger land area. Attemptihg to have residential development fill in areas within the already developed residential area of the township can work to further the goal. A comparison of the map of subdivisions and the map of 12nd fractionalization also illustrates the tendency for land di v isions to be found distributed throughout the township, while August 21, 1987 -90- �subdivisions tend to congregate at the north end of the township. The problem is not that division of land takes place in the south part of the township, but rather that division of land takes place in the north end of the township rather than subdividing or some other form of more dense residential development. LAND USE The map following this section illustrates the location and extent of the various types of land uses in the township. To draw the map, airphotos are used to identify, for example, . a residential area. Then a boundary is drawn around the residential area, thus illustrating the shape and extent of land the residential area occupies. This is then given a classification number -- 113 -- which is similar in function to the Dewey Decimal Classification system used for books in libraries. The classification system is a statewide standardized system. An explanation of the classification numbers used on Filer Township's map is on the page following the map. (Far visual impact~ and to make the map easier to read, one may color the map. A suggested color scheme is residential, yellow; commercial and services, orange; industrial, red; transportation and utilities, black; open and other <parks, cemeteries), purple; agricultural, light green; rangeland, white; for~sted, green; water, blue; wetlands, aqua-blue; barren (beach), flesh.) A discussion on the various land uses in the township follows: Barren: Land in Filer Township which is considered barren land is classified as beach and lakeside bluffs. This land use/cover is only found in Filer Township along the Lake Michigan coastline. Wetland: (611, 612, 622) Wetlands in Filer Township are found in four general circumstances. Wetlands are associated with inland lakes in the \'. / August 21, 1987 -91- �central part of the township and in the southeast corner of the township. Second, wetlands are found as glacial potholes in the south-central and southeast portions of the township. Third, wetlands are associated with drainage into Lake Michigan (along Magoon Creek, etc.). These wetlands are currently under the protection of the Goemaere-Anderson Wetland Protection Act <P.A. 203 of 1979; MCL 281.701 et. sq.). Unti 1 the Michigan Department of Natural Resources inventories the other wetlands, they are not subject to . the Wetland Protection Act. The fourth wetland category found in Filer Township is at the south end of Manistee Lake. Wetlands are highly complex natural systems in the ecological balance of nature. Wetlands provide the most productive a~eas for breeding, nesting and rearing of birds, mammals, fish and reptiles. From that cycle of nature comes the wildlife for enjoyment, hunting, fishing and trapping, which in turn provides an important contribution to the tourist industry . in Michigan. A traditional use of wetlands -- bogs -- is for the production of cash crops such as cranberries, blueberries and timber. (Though not currently found in Filer.) Wetlands play an important role in sediment control and wastewater treatment. Particularly with the wetlands at the south end of Manistee Lake, the wetlands act as a major sediment filter which reduces silt and sand from the Little Manistee River entering Manistee Lake. Also, the Manistee Lake wetlands play. an important role in maintaining -- improving -- the water quality of Manistee Lake. The wetlands provide an "oxygen factory" which replaces oxygen in the lake used in the process of man-made material decaying on the lake bottom. The wetland also provides a natural system which uses -- thus removes -- nutrients from the lake water. This function of wetlands . is particularly critical when adjacent to the highly industrialized and slab-wood loaded Manistee Lake bottom. Protection of the wetlands is an important aspect of the Manistee Lake Management Plan of 1982, adooted ~s part of this plan by this reference. All wetlands, regardless of location in Filer Township 1 provide the above positive attributes. Also, wetlands provide~ storage, or buffer, for floodwater and other water runoff. A wetland area is able to absorb large quantities of water, in effect storing the water, and letting it drain slowly rather than having water draining all at once, resulting in floods or erosion from runoff. ( 52, August 21, 54 > 1987 -92- �Water bodies in Filer Township include inland lakes, streams and Lake Michigan, all discussed in the natural features section of this plan. Forested: (400 - 499) As shown with the small land use/cover map, right, forest cover ldnd is the dominant land use in Filer Township. Forest areas, along with the rangeland category, illustrate the undeveloped area of the township. The two maps, together, show areas of the township which have not seen residential, commercial, industrial, etc. development. It illustrates a lack of development in the south part of the township, but it also shows landlocked areas of the north end of the township which have not developed -- infilled. Further discussion on forestry issues are found · in the natural features section of this plan. Rangeland: (31, 32) Rangeland on the map refers to open fields of grass (31) and to grassy fields with shrubs (32). Agricultural: <21,22,24) Land actually used for agricultural purposes in Filer Township tends to be in the south ;::i~::. . _:. ... -~~-~ ·.-..~ . .• . . • . ~~., ~;__;'. 2~ and southeast portions of Filer. Relatively little land in the township is used in a manner that ; ., . ... 11· ... ."" ' I' ' ~·"";. • . ~ allows it to be classified as agricultural. A comparison of the agricultural map with the soils map ._ 'ls· ' and the wetlands land use/cover map _.".. ·'_Q illustrate a relatively high correlation between better soils, wetlands, and agricultural activity. Further discussion an agricultural activity can be found in the natural features section of this plan. i"? .L _:i-c:=-'~ /,di~:_ ;. ~\-·\l ' '../:· ._;_ /2·\.· r· ~-,·r_:·,, .. - '. · : I ., August 21, 1987 -93- �... \ Open and Other-: (193, 194) The land use category "open and other" in Filer Township includes two categories; outdoor recreation (193) such as parks, golf courses, track; and cemeteries (194). With the scale map used in this report, only the Fox Hills Golf Course, Reitz Park (actually in the city), the Manistee Catholic Central playing field, Trinity Lutheran and Mount Carmel Cemeteries are shown. Transportation and Utilities: (1431,146) Land used for transportation includes roads, parking lots, port/dock facilities, railroads and J:: ~, so on. Land used for utilities .. includes, for Filer Township, water treatment plants. Of particular note is the secondary treatment ponds operated by Packaging Corporation of America just to the southwest of Filer City. /J • It • \ I Indu=trial: (13,1319,1321,1336) The predominance of industrial activity in Filer Township is found along the Manistee Lake shoreline. On Manistee Lake industry has access to shipping, rail, and class A road modes of transportation. The map on the right side of this page illustrates the geographic location of industrial land uses. Furt~er discussion on in the economic section of this plan. CommPrrial and Services: (12,12~,126) With few exceptions, commercial activity in Filer Township is along the U.S. 31 South corridor. The few e x ceptions which do exist are spots within the more densely developed residential areas of the township-Oa~ Hill and Filer City areas. Further ~iscussion on commercial and services can be found in the economic section of this plan . 1987 -94- is found �Residential: (112,113) The map, right, illustrat~s the distribution of residential land uses in Filer Township. Homes tend to concentrate in the two older neighborhoods (Oak Hill and Filer City) where public water is available; along the Lake Michigan shoreline; and in lineal patterns along paved county roads. There is also a notable concentration of homes along South County Line Road just east of Maple Road. For the purposes of drawing the residential land use in map form, only those residential areas which are larger than 2 1/2 to 5 acres in size and with a density of three homes per 2 1/2 to 5 acres are shown. Thus a single home (farm homestead, for example) will ·not be classified within the residential land use. The distribution of the residential land use also illustrates the areas of the township which are subdivided versus those areas which are divided into parcels and result in homes along existing county roads. Despite the previous township planning goal to retain dense residential development to the north part · of the township, the land use map shows residential development along roads has taken place south of the residential zone district. This is particularly evident along Maple Road, U.S. 31 South and South County Line Road. COMMUNITY CHARACTER This part of the Land Use Analysis is an attempt to characterize the various neighborhoods, or groups of neighborhoods, as distinct entities. The purpose is to define various areas of the township which share common attributes. The attributes reviewed are physical, environmental, aesthetic and socio-psychological. The members of the Filer Township Planning Commission independently reviewed various areas of the township. By using their personal knowledge they were able to go down a checklist to use a quick phrase to characterize a particular community in the township. Staff at the Manistee County Planning Departm~nt reviewed each township planning commission member's response in order to compile the responses into one set of characterizations for each neighborhood. The Filer Township Planning Commission then reviewed the compiled responses, editing and modifying them according to the consensus of the •~roup. The Township Pl 2nni ng Cammi ssi on -:11 so defined the geographic boundaries nf each area, as shown on the map on the next page. Community characteristics which are common to each of t~e neighborhoods in the township are as follows: August 2 l 1 1987 -95- �All neighborhoods have the following characteristics: A high proportion of homes/businesses occupied by their owners, relatively few renters or lessors. Single family homes dominate. Relatively few fences around yards or lots. A small number ("some") hedges along lot or yard borders. Traffic pattern -- circul.at'ion by automobile is common. Color and texture of buildings such as siding, roofing, etc. does not follow any uniform pattern. There are no areas of the township where there is a theme to the exterior design of buildings. There is an overall socio-psychological home ownership pride that results in home and yard care. Mobility/access, consumption/shopping, security/safety, and employment opportunities are the same throughout the township. Characteristics which are representative of Filer City are: The area is a residential, commercial mix. The proximity of industrial activity to the neighborhood creates the image that the residential area also has an industrial mix. Home prices are considered to be in the low to medium range. _ A relatively high density of homes -- small lots characteristic of an old subdivision. With small lots, there is a question about how much privacy exists from yard to yard, house to house. The neighborhood is the oldest settled portion of the township. Buildings are generally two floor (with the second most frequent being one floor). Hames and accessory buildings occupy most of the land area on the ~espective parcel of land. Little open space, with few empty lots. A large volume of traffic notably trucks-traverse through the area. The landscape is characterized by square city block pattern with alleyways. The area is flc:lt. The linkage between buildings and uses, if a:-iy, is the close proximity to each other. The area has sidewalks, accommodating the pedestrian and bicycle traffic. Air and water quality is "poor" to "good to fair" dependent on w~ather and wind direction vis-a-vis adjacent industrial activity and other industries along the Manistee Lake shoreline. Au.gust 21, 1987 -96- �There are no, or poor, aesthetic visual attractions in the neighborhood. Odors, smoke and noise are frequent problems in terms of volume, pitch and frequency associated with the adjacent industrial activity and heavy traffic. There are few signs, with little or no perceived problem from signage. There are no scenic roads. Recreational experiences in the neighborhood are ''fair" particularly with the Filer City pool and neighborhood park. There is little contemporary neighborhood cohesion <local nationalism) as current residents tend toward individualism. However, many people in the township and county identify with Filer City, indicating they are from there. Characteristics which are representative of Oak Hill are: The area is residential, with an old/former commercial mixed in. Home prices are considered to be in the medium range. A relatively high density of homes small lots characteristic of an old subdivision. With small lots, there is a question about how much privacy exists from house to house, but with placement of auto garages there is the feeling privacy does exist from yard to yard. The neighborhood has some historic value, particularly with the Filer mansion and its associated buildings. Buildings are generally one floor ranch style. Many appear to be constructed in the 1950's. Homes and accessory buildings occupy most of the land area on the respective parcel of land. Little open space, with few empty lots, exists in the center portion of the subdivision, but there are vacant lots and fields at the west edge of Oak Hill. . A large volume of traffic notably trucks-traverse through the area an two county primary roads. County local roads tend to experience lower volumes of heavy tr~ffic. The landscape is characterized by square city block pattern. The area is flat. The linkages between buildings and uses is the close proximity to each other, reinforced by the city block street patterns. The area has sidewalks, the accommodating pedestrian and bicycle traffic. Air and water quality is ttgoad to fair'' dependent on weather and wind direction vis-a-vis industries August 21, 1987 -97- �along the Manis.tee Lake shoreline. Better air quality may be perceived to exist here (in comparison to Filer City) because there is no immediately adjacent industry. There is an aesthetic view across Manistee Lake. Odors, smoke and noise are problems in terms of volume, pitch and frequency but not as frequently as in Filer City -- associated with the lakeside industrial activity and heavy traffic. There are few signs, with little or no perceived problem from signage. There are no scenic roads. Recreational experiences in the neighborhood are "okay" with use of Manistee City's Reitz ' s Park, Oak Hill Improvement Association neighborhood park and Maywood ballfield. There is little contemporary neighborhood cohesion (local nationalism> as current residents tend toward individualism. The area used to be cohesive, reflected by the former existence of the Oak Hill Improvement Association. Characteristics which are representative of the U.S. 31 South area: The area is mainly a commercial development mix. Land prices are high as a result of commercial development. Only two homes exist between Twenty-Eighth Street and the City limits. absentee corporation of local Ownership is business. The neighborhood is a commercial strip development along a federal highway. Buildings are generally one floor. A lot of open space, particularly on land behind the developed commercial strip along U.S. 31 South. A large volume of traffic traverses through the area on the major . north-south federal highway . The landscape is characterized by lineal development along the highway. The area is hilly, sometimes requiring fill to create flat building sites at highway grade. The linkages between buildings and uses, if any, are poor, requiring too many drives onto the highway, and independent parking lots. The area does not have sidewalks, so there is no accommodation for pedestrian and bicycle traffic. Air and water qua.lity is "good". There are no, or poor aesthetic visual attractions in the neighborhood, but there is one view from the Cypress Plaza toward Manistee City. August 21, 1987 -98- �Noise is a frequent problem in terms of volume, pitch and frequency associated with the adjacent highway. possible perceived There are many signs, with a depreciation of the quality of the area. Signage is especially bad at night with glare and lighting. There are no scenic roads. Recreational experiences in the neighborhood do not exist. There is no contemporary neighborhood cohesion (local nationalism>. Characteristics which are representative of Lake Michigan shoreline area are: The area is residential. Originally started as a summer resort area, but has evolved into yearround residence for retirees and working residents. Home prices are considered to be in the high range. A relatively medium density of homes -- l c1.rge subdivision lots on or near Lake Michigan. Privacy exists from yard to yard and house to house with large lots, open space and tree buffering. Buildings are generally two floor (with the second most frequent being one floor). Most homes are custom built to homeowner's or architect's plans, resulting in a variety and some unique designs. Homes and accessory buildings occupy a small portion of the land area on the respective parcel of land. A lot of open space, with regular empty lots, or homeowners owning more than one lot. A small volume of traffic as the roads are not through routes. There is a perception of a problem with speeding cars. The landscape is ~haracterized by rural open 5pace attributes (fields, woods) and Lake Michigan shoreline. The area is gently rolling. The linkages between buildings and uses underline a low-key character. Homes are designed to blend with the landscape. The area does not have sidewalks, so pedestrian and bicycle traffic use the roadway. Air and water quality is "good". There is the aesthetic views of Lake Michigan, fall color, wildlife in the neighborhood. Odors, smoke and noise are infrequent problems in terms of volume, pitch and frequency. If the problem exists, it is associated with motorbikes and snowmobiles. August 21, 1987 -99- �\~> There are few signs, with little or no perceived problem from signage. Red Apple Road between Fox Farm and Magoon Creek Natural Area Entrance considered scenic. Recreational experiences in the neighborhood are "good" particularly with Lake Michigan beach, Sundling Park, Magoon Cree~ Natural Area and the Lakeland Association and Red Apple Beach Association's lake access. There is neighborhood cohesion (local nationalism) reflected by the existence of th~ Red Apple Beach Association and Lakeland Association property owner's groups. The neighborhood is relatively new, with most residents choosing to live there. Characteristics which are representative of Cherry-Red Apple Road area are: The area is residential. Home prices are considered to be in the medium to high range. A medium density of homes. Privacy exists from yard to yard, house to house. The neighborhood is a relatively new portion of the township. Buildings are generally one floor ranch style, usually standard designed units. A lot of open ?pace, with vacant land to the rear of many homes. A moderate volume of traffic traverses through or to the area. The landscape is characterized by square rural section line, 1/8 line, 1J16 line road pattern. The area is flat. The linkages between buildings and uses is the proximity along existing ~oads. Pedestrian and bicycle traffic use the county roads. Air and water qual.i t y is "gcod". Aesthetic vis~al attractions include open sp~ce, fall color, wildlife. Noise is a problem in terms of volume associated with traffic, motorbikes and snowmobiles. There are few signs, with little or no perceived problem from signage. There are no scenic roads. Recreational experiences in the neighborhood are "poor" to "fair". Open space provides some, but a neighborhood park does not exjst in this area. There is little neighborhood cohesion (local nati anal ism). Characteristics which are representative of Centr2.l Maple Road corridor area are: August 21, 1987 -100- �The area is residential. Home prices are considered to be in the medium range. A medium to low density of homes on small parcels and on acreages. Privacy exists from yard to yard, due to relatively larger sizes of , homes or adjacent to a large amount of open space or inland la k e. Buildings are generally one or two floor. Homes and accessory buildings occupy a small proportion of the land area on the respective parcel of 1 and. A lot of open space, with vacant land to the rear of homes. A large volume of traffic traverses through the two main north-south arteries and Merkey Road. The landscape is characterized by an irregular road pattern, with two significant north-south arteries. The area is gently rolling to flat. The linkages between buildings and uses, if any, is the proximity to a common feature, such as an inland lake or are lineal along a road. The area does not have s~dewalks to accommodate pedestrian or bicycle traffic. Air and water quality is "good". There are no, or poor, aesthetic visual attractions in the neighborhood. Odors, smoke and noise are frequent problems in terms of volume, pitch and frequency associated with the adjacent industrial activity and heavy traffic. There are few signs, with little or no perceived problem from signage. There are no scenic roads. Recreational experiences in the neighborhood are "fair" with availability of open space and inland lakes (Canfield) but no formal recreation sites exist. There is little neighborhood (local cohesion nationalism>. Characteristics which are representative of the Agricultural ar-ea are: with some The area is dominantly residential, agr-icultural mix. Home prices are consider-ed to be in the medium range. homes an small to large A- very low density of acreages. A lot of privacy exists with the large acr-eages available. Buildings ar-e generally two floor wood frame. August 21, 1987 -101- �small Homes and accessory buildings occupy a amount of the land area on the respective parcel of land. A lot of open space, with wood lots, wetlands, rangeland and cultivated fields. A moderate volume of traffic traverses through the area, with heavy traffi~ on two north-south arteries. The landscape is characterized by square sectionline block patterns. The area is flat to gently rolling. Air and water quality is "good". Aesthetic views include the Udell Hills from Linke Road and of the pasture lands. There are few signs, with little or no perceived problem from signage. There are no scenic roads. There is little contemporary neighborhood cohesion (local nationalism). Characteristics which are representative of the Forest area are: The area is dominantly forest cover with little or no residential development. Open space -- woods -- dominate, with little or no development. Roads are non-existent, private, or unimproved primitive trails. There are no signs. Air and water quality is "good". Characteristics which are representative of the Industry area are: The area is dominantly industrial. Little open space exists by the lake, with fields surrounding the facilities southwest of Filer City. No residences exist in the area. \,.__./ Th~ nine distinct neighb0rhoods described above each have unique characteristics. Those characteristics nelp define the different areas of the township for purposes of introducing public programs to enhance the positive characteristics and to mitigate what may be seen as undesirable characteristics. For example, concerning the residential districts, there are five neighborhoods in the township. For purposes of zoning regulation, however, the five neighborhoods can be combined into two zoning districts: a high density residential area that includes Oak Hill and Filer City. This is because both these areas have many characteristics in common: older subdivisions; smaller lots; not a lot of open space; road and sidewalk circulation of traffic; commercial/industrial mix; large volume of traffic including trucks; noise, smoke, odors, air and water quality is poorer than other residential areas due to the August 21, 1987 -102- �proximity of industrial activity. The assessment of community character supports the decision to treat both the neighborhoods as one zoning district in addition to existing infrastructure (water system>, and other factors outlined in other parts of the plan. Likewise, the remaining three residential neighborhoods <Lake Michigan shore, Cherry-Red Apple Roads, Central Maple Road corridor> also share common characteristics that support its treatment as a medium density zoning district. The community characteristics, along with land use mapping, natural features information, etc. can be used to identify and commercial, industrial, residential and agricultural, forestry zones in Filer Township. August 21, 1987 -103- �FILER TOWNSHIP PARCEL OWNERSHIP Source: Rockford Map Publishers Inc., Plat Book for MaJ?.istee County ~ ~ 'V ., !'i-ir,,_L.:.ll.:~:i-t-7"-1b-'17':':"l-_.__~~~~~~~+.'l--".!~...._...........,i,c,-~:"!'T:"t.~§ ,., ~, 2 . ·. ,,..h,.• .;;_.11--:--'-ri~'O-t.:PT;;-",::J.;:,=::.::r.'."1'1:r.c:;;.;r.---- *'' ..•.,• -. ;..-;;, # ....... '"'~,.,.,.... ~ , .~~. l~~- ~ • • ,,,._;, ('..!..!" ,.• i!,, I••~"':/ . • ',•11,1-1 2000W "' 0 r--i:::=~~~t't"T~~"TT""ri"-:-"""."lt~~- 8 . ••/ IOOOW 00 �(ti) 1) C'J) FILER TOWNSHIP W':'dsall Village llECORDED SUBDIVISIONS H. W. Harsh Addition to Oak Hill chard Linke Subdivision Addition #2 22 23 .... 0 V, I 1J )4 ' i 15 33 5 i 2' 4 3 25 .1) ~ 31 Rockie Valley Plat 2 of Oak Hill �(..,..,~ ( LAND FRACTIONALIZATION Shaded areas are part of Filer Township which are: •Not subdivided, but ·Approximately 10 acre parcels or smaller .....I 0 °' I ~ )4 5 4 31 ~ ~ 3 2 �FILER TOWNSHIP LAND USE/COVER MAP summer 1981 (see key on adjoining page) .- N a, -: M -. m_ M ~ ..:I-- I.../) r -107- -..... �Filer Township Land Use/Cover Map Key URBAN 112 residential multi family low-rise 113 residential single family and duplexes 12 commercial and services 122 commercial and services, shopping center and malls 126 commercial and services, institutional 13 industrial 131 industrial, primary metal production 1319 industrial, primary metal production, forging 1321 industrial, inorganic and organic chemicals 1336 industrial, primary wood processing, paperboard mill 1431 transportation, water, port/dock facilities 146 utilities 193 open and other, outdoor recreation 194 open and other, cemeteries AGRICULTURAL 21 cropland 22 orchard 24 pasture RANGELAND 31 32 herbaceous · grass field shrub, field with woody plants FORESTED 411 412 413 421 423 deciduous, northern hardwood deciduous, central hardwood deciduous, aspen/white birch association coniferous, pine coniferous, lowland conifer WATER 1 ake great lake 52 54 WETLAND 611 forested, wooded (20+ feet tall trees) 612 forested, shrub/scrub 622 _ non-forested, emerg~nt (most plants waterlevel) growing above BARREN 721 beach, sand This classification system is the same system used state-wide in Michigan by the Michigan Natural Resources Inventory System, Land Use/Cover Classification System. AL1gust 21 , 1987 -108- �l FILER TOWNSHIP COMMUNITY CHARACTER l \. ·_. , MAP OF NEIGHBORHOODS U.S.-31 CoJUudo~ Oa.k. H-Ul. CheNLyRe.d ' App~ Roa.d La.k.e. M-<.c.fuga.n Sho~e.- Ag tuc.uliuJr.al )4 line.ll ~ Fo~Ui.t Manistee County Planning Commission Sept. 1985 5 L 4 3 -109- 2 ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -~ �GOALS, OBJECTIVES, ACTIO~ PLAN The main function of this document is to plan for the future of Filer Township. Planning for the future includes the total scope of township services and capital improvements done in the township. Thus, planning includes road construction; water system construction; maintenance and construction of public buildings; sidewalk construction; park improvement and construction; economic development, including tax incentive programs, bonding, etc.; and development of the land so there are coordinated areas of residential expansion, preservation of open space, environmental protection and areas for intense development, such as commercial and industrial. The planning for the future for Filer Township should take into account the anticipated population growth, economic growth, natural resources and geography of the township. This section of the Filer Township Comprehensive Plan is to present statements and principals for the planned development of Filer. This section of the plan is also likely to be the more frequently amended and updated portion of the plan. The Filer Township Planning Commission should, every three to five years, carefully review this document to make sure it is still up-to-date. Every time a zoning ordinance amendment is proposed, the Planning Commission should first review the proposed zoning amendment against the plan to insure that it complies, or that this plan be updated first. Finally, the Filer Township Planning Commission should coordinate this plan with the Manistee County Comprehensive Plans to insure neither contradict one another. The statements for planning in Filer Township are given in three forms, or three levels. First is the statement of a "goal". , A goal means a general description of an ideal condition or situation. · The purpose of a goal is to provide direction. It may, admittedly, not be obtainable. The second is the statement of an "objective". An objective i .s an a.chievc1.ble point in the general direction of a goal. Its achievement marks progress toward the goal. The third is the statement of "strategy". A strategy means the township ' s policy, planned action, or directive, which is designed ta achieve an objective. A simplified . example of this, at a . personal level, might be to have the goal of always owning a new car without debt. The objective is to buy a car every three years. The strategy is to place S333.33 in a savings account every month and not use the savings ac c ount e x cept to buy the new car. In an attempt to identify goals and objectives for this plan, the following two methods were used. The Filer Township August 21, 1987 -110- �t ) Planning Commission established some general service statements which were used to develop the map on the next page: "Existing Service Areas of the Township". The statements are to reflect areas where public water and sidewalks are to be provided, where paved roads are, areas for 10 minute fire department response time, areas where neighborhood parks are within a half mile from residential areas, and where parks are _ within one mile from residential areas. The next map shows those areas of Filer Township where the above services should be available. That map, ''Planned Service Areas", is created by the Filer Township Planning Commission to define what levels of service will be provided (objective) to certain areas of the township. The following map, ''Deficiencies in Planned Service Areas", is a map that shows which areas ~f Filer Township have service deficiencies according to the above standards. The overall goal of _ the Filer Township Comprehensive Plan is to have preservation of the attributes which comprise the high quality of life in Filer Township, while at the same time accommodating population, commercial and industrial growth. An objective is that commercial, industrial and residential areas of Filer Township be consolidated in area so that the township can benefit from lower costs by only providing urban level services to those selected areas of the township, rather than bearing the high cost of . providing the urban services throughout the township. The Planned Service Areas ~ap is Filer Township Planning Commission's attempt to show which areas of the township will receive what levels of service. The remainder of this plan will, by general topic, introduce goals, objectives and strategies which comprise the township ' s future plan. August 21, 1987 -111- �EXISTING SERVICE AREAS OF FILER TOWNSHIP -......-... Public Water and Sidewalks Paved Roads 10 Minute Fire Response Limit ---s .,,- -- Minute Fire Response Limit j Mile Radius Around a Park .._ 1 Mile Radius Around a Park -- ~- •• . ,." •• • • • . .' I / r ll 34 / / I •• • ·•. • •• 31 '1$ ... •• •• •• ···.J I 1.•• -112- ... . , •• I _ •• ..•• . •• • •• •• . �FILER TOWNSHIP PLANNED SERVICE AREAS riiinil Level I: All paved roads, sidewalks, streetlights at each corner, public: water, 5 minute fire response, parks within~ mile, solid waste pickup llOfllll II: Paved roads, frontage [IIl] Level within l mile, 10 minute fire D Level III: Only primary roads paved, 15 minute fi r e response, no new road development, solid waste pickup. . I I - \l't;lr ~~ L I I \ l.--1• I I I' I 1, I J I ' 1 I I ' J r/ / J/, I ~ I" . v---a. I I: l 23 ~ iii. -- t"j : I j ~ ~ ~ )4 ...,,. . ; ( I - i -- -" . l '- l;:;:j i- ! : r· ,,, I 3) ~- ! I I I I I I . I I I I -113- ' 11 I 31 I \ ! I ''-- r / i L1 ' )j ~ ~~\ : I ID I 2S ' ~ ' \ •• ~ ----- \ 11 'jj i 28 .~ ! i ' j t!i. "t i ; \,, 7J iJ l 1 l.~ ·tt I 11t2· . ll I ' i ..."' i"'!~" : lllM • ·• I - ll ~ I , ~ :J I I , tj I i - I I I ' ' to land, infrequent streetlights, parks response, solid waste pickup. ' l I '· �DEFICIENCIES IN PLANNED SERVICE AREAS - Area Needs Improved (Shorter Time) Fire Response [[fl Area Needs Additional Neighborhood Park fl(ff§ Area Needs Road Upgraded to Pavement Area Needs Extension of Public Water and Sewer -114- �LAND USE DEVELOPMENT GOAL: To preserve the attributes which comprise the high quality of life in Filer Township, while at the same time accommodating population, commercial and industrial growth. OBJECTIVE: That commercial, industrial and residential areas of the township be consolidated in defined areas to avoid higher casts of providing services to sprawled development. OBJECTIVE: To maintain the township ' s population center, residential development at the north end of the township and along Manistee Lake adjacent to similar development in Manistee City, Filer City and Oak Hill. OBJECTIVE: To use development of roads by the township as a tool to direct land use development in Filer Township. OBJECTIVE: To work with land developers to persuade them to develop in areas designated residential and to discourage development in rural areas. OBJECTIVES: To develop Filer Township according to a land use plan shown on the next page: August 21., 1987 -- 115- �fl~ER TOWNSHIP LAND USE PLAN MAP ' ·:: 1986 ! . . ..i .. ,, ,i , I' ,, . i .. I ;! . . , : , .,. • • . , ,I COMMERCIAL Re id ti a 1 Indus tr'.. C 0 ' ·'4-,J - . ·- 'ti Lakesh envir Agricultu 25 3j ( ./) Forest i C cu \,_. I- Agricultural l3 36 Residentia Forest 5 4 3 -116- 2 �STRATEGIES: 1. The area of Filer City and Oak Hill should receive urban residential designation and be zoned for dense residential development <residential and some commercial uses): because the area is dominantly residential land uses already. because the area is dominantly small parcels and/or subdivided. because the area is characterized as two similar neighborhoods, Filer City and Oak Hill, with a similar community character. because the area has been historically densely settled. because the area is in a single watershed which drains toward Manistee Lake so industrial effluent does not move into residential areas. because the area already has a high density of housing. because the area is condensed in a small defined area. because the area has a sidewalk network in place. because the area has a water system in place. because the area is adequately service by public buildings and parks. because the area has a primary and local county r oad network in urban block pattern. because the area is adjacent to industrial and commercial areas of activity. 2. The area from Lake Michigan to U.S. 31 South along the north part of Filer Township (Red Apple, Cherry, Maple, Canfield Lake, Merkey areas> _should be designated residential on the Land Use Plan map and zoned for larger-lot residential development: because the area has residential development started in the area coupled with vacant land that can be used for further development. because the area is a mix of newer subdivisions and unsubdivided parcels. because the area has potential for further development by "infilling". because the area is confined to the northern portion of the township (with the exception of Lake Michigan shoreline development). because the area is characteri~ed as three s i milar neighborhoods, Lake Michigan shoreline, Cherry-Red Apple Roads, central Maple Road corridor, with c<. similar community character. because the area has seen a recent building boom for residences. because the dominant soil type in the area lends itself to on-site residential sewage disposal. August 2 1, 1987 -117- �I becaus~ separate resort-type areas are not likely to develop along the Lake Michigan shoreline. because the areas already have a relatively high density of housing. because the area is adequately serviced by schools; electric, phone utilities; postal service and parts by natural gas and cable television. because most of the area is adequately serviced by public buildings and parks. because most of the area has county or private roads. The areas along Mapl~ Street and U.S. 31 South between Preuss and Fox Farm Roads be designated as transition areas to be zoned Agricultural or Resideritial, as appropriate: because both areas have developed into stripdevelopment residences and have subdivisions and small parcels. because the Maple Road area and part of U.S. 31 South area is recognized as part of the Central Maple Road corridor while the other part is within the Agricultural neighborhood. because historically both areas have been in use for forestry and farming. because most of the area has soil types which lend themselves to on-site residential sewage disposal but also portions have heavier soils likely to present an-site sewage disposal problems and better suited for agricultural uses and forestry growth. bec~.use the area is developing a r-elatively high density of housing. because the area is adequately serviced by schools; electric, phone utilities; postal service. The areas along Manistee Lake in the Filer City area should receive heavy industrial designation and be zoned Lakefront Industrial. because the area is classified as industrial land uses already. because the industrial area is a distinct community with its own character. because the area has historically been used for industrial purposes. because the area is in a single watershRd which drains into Manistee Lake r-ather than intc nearby residential areas. because the area is adequately serviced bv electric, phone and gas utilities. because the area is serviced by county primar y class-A roads, railroad and shippinc transportatio~ systems. 3. 4. August ..., 1 ..:.... .I. ' 1987 -118- �importance to the county's the area's because of economic base. because the designation complies with and implements the Manistee Lake Management Plan. The area just south of Oak Hill and west of Filer City should receive a light industrial designation and be zoned for the same: because the area is par·t1y L1sed for indust,--ial pollution treatment facilities and has available vacant land. because the area is characterized as an indust,--ial neighborhood wit~ a corresponding community character. because the area does not have any commercial or residential land uses within its boundaries. because the area has Rubicon sandy soils which provide positive characteristics for major development. because the Manistee County area seeks increased employment opportunities for economic development. because the area is close to existing or has availability to electric, gas, phone utilities. because the area is close to the existing service area for public water. The area alond U.S. 31 South near Oak Hill should be designated commercial and be zoned for the same: because the area is dominantly commercial land uses already. because the area ha.s small parcels or is subdivided and vacant areas for further has development. because the area is adequately serviced by electric, phone, gas utilities; postal service; cable television. because the ar~a has or is close to a public water system. because the area is contiguous to a highway. because commercial development is an import 2.nt aspect of economic develop!Tlent for the count y a.rea. The south end of Manistee la k e should be designated wetland and so zoned: because the area is an e xi sting wetland. because soils in the area are indicati v e of wetland and generally preclude development. because of the importance of wetlands protection. because the designation complies with and implements the:i Manistee l_ake Management Pl an. The major portions of southern Filer Township should be designated as agricultural and should be zone~ 5. 6. 7. 8. August ~ 1, l 987 -119- �. ~ u 9. 10. August 21 , residential, larger agricultural (farming, woodlots, parcel size>: because the area has sparse residential uses, open field, agricultural, woodlands, wetlands, land uses already. because the area has a larger proportion of larger parcel sizes. a because the area is · characterized as neighborhood with a similar community c h aracter. because the area is dominantly within the township's "level III" service area. because the area is bisected by end moraines-type soils; relatively flat sandy, loamy sand and clay loam soil types. because significant areas within the designation which are suspected not to be acceptable for onsite sewage disposal systems. because significant areas of the designation are locally exceptional farmlands. because part of the area is serviced by a county agricultural drain. because there are areas of the designation which are nationally prime and regionally important timberlands. The area by King Lake and between Red Apple, County Line and Maple Roads should be designated forestry and should be zoned forestry (forest, residential, large parcel/open space>: · because the area is dominantly woodland land uses already. because the area has a larger proportion of larger parcel sizes. because the area is characterized as a neighborhood with a similar community character. because the area is dominantly within the township's "level III" service area. because there are areas within the designation which are suspected not to be acceptable for onsite sewage dispo~al systems. The area of the Lake Michigan shoreline near Magoon Creek should be designated: because of the same reasons given iG number 7 1 above. the existence of because of the Maqoon Cr-eel : Natur-al Area. because of the designation of the area in the Manistee Special and Unique Envi ronn1ent County Land Use P l an. 1987 -120 - �TRANSPORTATION GOAL: I '-- \.... ,• To provide safe automobile transportation through the township with the miles of roads in existence in proportion to development so roads are not built where development will not occur and road construction resources are concentrated only in populated areas. OBJECTIVE: Establishment of speed controls and enforcement of same should be done in residential areas. STRATEGY: The Filer Township Board should work with the Road Commission and Michi~an State Police Traffic and Safety Division to identify problem locations and to take corrective measures in those areas. separate pedestrian traffic by STRATEGY: To sidewalks in southwest Oak Hill, construction of and between Oak Hill Lake Winnogene Subdivision and Filer City. STRATEGY: Start work on plans for bike path routes in conjunction with the Manistee County Road Commission for (in priority) a bike path from Filer City Pool to Oak Hill Improvement Association Park; a bike path from Oak Hill Improvement Association Park to northwest part of the township; a bike path from northwest part of the township to Magoon Creek. OBJECTIVE: Main arteries maintained by the township should run on a north-south axis for through traffic, while east-west roads be maintained as local roads which discourage traffic through residential areas. STRATEGY: Designate U.S. 31 South, Maple Street, Filer City Road and Nelson Street as major through routes in Filer Township, and maintain a program of maintenance . and reconstruction on those routes as class-~ primary routes via coordination with the Manistee County Road Commission and Michiga~ Department of Highways. STRATEGY: Desi gr.ate onl v Merkey Road and Twenty-First and Twenty-Eighth Streets as prim2ry e~st-west routes with the same maintenance programs as primary north-south routes. STRATEGY: All 7ther roads should be des1gn~d and routed to b~ secondary feeders ~r locaJ neighbarhoo(1 str-ee~s; laid 01.,t, designed, with ~ul-de-sacs, curves, stop signs so they are net through r □ ut~s, and in effect discourage traffic traveling through a~ area. the tm..:nsh i p · s nBJECTIVE: All roads should be paved in service level areas I and I I . STRATEGY: Pave Adamcza~ Road, Yoder ~rive , Cherry Road (south end), Critter Trai I, Ir,di a.n Tr.:.i l (east end) Maywood Street and connectors, Red Apple August 2 l., 1987 -121- �Road (between Ramona and Maple>, Anthony Road. If the road is not a county road, paving should be financed by means of a loan from the township to be repaid, with interest, through a special assessment on property fronting on the road. STRATEGY: To construct new roads in areas of development within residential, commercial and light industrial areas t~ entice and encourage development and subdivisions. STRATEGY: To construct an alternate route for truck traffic to replace use of Twenty-First and TwentyEighth Streets to go from U.S. 31 ta the Manistee Lake area industrial district. OBJECTIVE: To reduce fire department response time to the Red Apple area north of Magoon Creek. STRATEGY: Improve access from the Oak Hill fire station to the Red Apple Subdivision area. OBJECTIVE: Use construction of roads as a tool to direct land use in Filer Township. STRATEGY: Develop new local roads, and upgrade local roads only in areas designated industrial, commercial, and residential (level I and level I I service areas) by this plan. August. :'. l , l 987 -122- �·~ ~~ RECREATION GOAL: • To have equitable distribution of park facilitjes that serve all residential areas and to provide the township with a variety of park facilities. OBJECTIVE: To have at least one park within 1/2 mile of all residences in the "level I" service area of the township. STRATEGY: Maintain and improve existing parks in Oak Hill and Filer City. STRATEGY: Replace equipment, repair- tennis court, Hi 11 Improvement landscaping at the Oak Association Park. OBJECTIVE: To have at least one park within one mile of all residences in the "level II" service area of the township. STRATEGY: Maintain and improve all existing parks in the township. STRATEGY: Obtain land (set aside in a new subdivision, etc.> in the northwest portion (Cherry, Merkey, Wildwood, Red Apple Roads) of the township for construction of a neighborhood park/playground/ballfield. STRATEGY: Enter into an agreement, or land exchange, or use permit with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources so Filer Township can develop the Canfield Lake access site into a beach and neighborhood playground. OBJECTIVE: To tie the township park system together with a network of non-motorized transportation facilities. STRATEGY: Start work on plans for bike path routes, in conjunction with the Manistee County Road Commission, for (in priority) a bike path from the Filer City Pool to the Oak Hill Improvement Association Park; a bike path from the Oak Hill Improvement Association Park to the northwest portion (future park) of the township; a bike path from the northwe~t portion of the township to Magoon Creek Natural Area. Aug•.,st ...... ....:. J , 1987 -123- �• • INFRASTRUCTURE (Water System, County Drains, Utilities, Schools, Public Buildings, Fire Department): GOAL: To maintain an active capital improvement program, to insure needed and desired ~ublic facilities exist. OBJECTIVE: To maintain the existing township public buildings, storm drains and fire department equipment at current capacity and conditio~. STRATEGY: Maintain a regular schedule of preventative maintenance and repairs as needed for all township buildings. STRATEGY: Maintain a regular schedule of preventative maintenance, and repairs as needed for fire department rolling stock and to maintain a regular schedule of depreciation and replacement of rolling stock. STRATEGY: Maintain, by repair and reconstruction on an as needed basis, drywell storm drains. GOAL: To have adequate water supply for fire fighting purposes in all parts of the township. OBJECTIVE: A fire department standpipe wjthin 1 -1/2 miles of . all areas in service level areas II and III and fire hydrants every 600 feet in service level area I. STRATEGY: Install a standpipe in the Fox Farm-Red Apple Roads area -- in the Lakeland Subdivision . STRATEGY: Install a standpipe in the Red Apple-Che~ry Roads area. STRATEGY: Install . fire hydrants every 600 feet at the same time any water main is extended, or replaced. OBJECTIVE: Expansion of the Filer Township water system to service all of service area level I. GOAL: Maintenance of adequate water capaci~y and water pressure in urban areas of the township. OBJECTIVE: Expansion of the township public water system throughout service area I. STRATEGY: Correct a water pressure deficiency and expand the water system along the U.S. 31 commercial corridor in phases, as recommended by the Water System Extension F'rel i mi na.ry E.o_gineer i IJ.9. Studv: 1. Construct a pressure booster station and construct a water main from Maywood Street to U.S. 31 South along Merkey Road. 2. Construct a water main from Merkey Road to the existing water main extended west of Twenty-Fourth Str-eet along U.S. 31 South. ~ Construct a water main from the extended Twenty-Fourth Street main to Twenty-Eighth Street along U.S. 31 South. Const,-uc:t: a main from Merkey Road, 4. north r:>1"1 U.S. 31 South, east on Care Center Aug,,st 21, 1987 · -124- �ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT GOAL: To develop a strong regional (county-wide) economy to solidify Filer Township's role as a bedroom community and as an inseparable component of the Manistee Lake area specialty-complete shopping center. OBJECTIVE: Increase employment and decrease unemployment of residents of Filer Township and . the county. STRATEGY: Continue to work cooperatively with county Economic Development Council and Planning Commission for area efforts for economic development. STRATEGY: Improve infrastructure (water mains, roads) to enhance commercial and light industrial development; extension of Twenty-Eighth Street west of U.S. 31 South, and the "Filer City Truck Route", for examples. STRATEGY: Protect the environment/quality of life as an important amenity used to attract new businesses to the area . • • August 21, 1987 -126- �( _," NATURAL ENVIRONMENT GOAL: Protect the natural features and wooded areas from dense development. OBJECTIVE: Retain areas zoned for forest, to accommodate larger lot parcels for low density residential development. OBJECTIVE: Have specific protection measures for the Lake Michigan shoreline. STRATEGY: Institute a uniform setback from the bluff along the Lake Michigan shoreline. STRATEGY: Study and decide upon future zoning amendments to protect sand dune features along the Lake Michigan shoreline. OBJECTIVE: Protect surface water areas and related habitats from dense developments. STRATEGY: Require setbacks from all surface waters . • ·.....__~..,.: August • 2 t, t '?87 ·· 127 ... �....... _..~__....... .............. · ~., • . ...... 1.. ,,.,...,......,........_ _ ..,,... .....~ ~ -,. ·11 e. ~ -- HISTORIC AND CULTURAL, POPULATION, OTHER: GOAL: Protect historic and cultural features in the township. OBJECTIVE: Take steps to provide recognition to certain sites in Filer Township. STRATEGY: Encourage the placement of the Golden Filer house, carriage house and guest house in the National Historic Register of Places. STRATEGY: Encourage signing and listing on the state register of historic places old schools which are still architecturally significant. STRATEGY: Encourage the placement of Sands Cottages (Twenty-First ' Street) on the National Historic Register of Places. [F'LAN.FLRJ ... . ...._ J. ~ -128- �CERTIFICATE OF CLERK RESOLVED, That the Comprehensive Plan for the development of the unincorporated portions of Filer Township, Manistee County, Michigan, which Comprehensive Plan is dated February 19, 1988~ be and the same is hereby approved and adopted, in its entirety, as the Comprehensive Plan for the development of the unincorporated portions of Filer Township, Manistee County, Michigan. BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, That the Clerk attach a true copy of said Comprehensive Plan to the minutes of this meeting. BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, That the Clerk send a certified copy,of the within resolution to the Secretary of the Filer Township Planning Commmission for the records and files of said Planning Commission. I, David Rhodea, duly elected and qualified Clerk of Filer Township do hereby CERTIFY thatthe above is a true, accurate and correct copy of a resolution of the Filer Township Board adopted at a regular meeting held on June 7, 1988. • • ~ Filer Township Clerk � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Filer-Twp_Comprehensive-Plan_1988 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Filer Township Planning Commission, Filer Township, Manistee County, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1988-02-19 Title A name given to the resource Filer Township Comprehensive Plan Description An account of the resource The Filer Township Comprehensive Plan was prepared by the Filer Township Planning Commission on February 19, 1988 and approved on June 7, 1988. Subject The topic of the resource Comprehensive plan publications Filer Township (Mich.) Manistee County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ebd1a95e5ed68372f67b2d9d08392931.pdf 8f824d0dc9fc36df6f0940ff91424a9e PDF Text Text {0 o.J Form 81-6·1·88-UM No. r 5070 MICHIGAN CORPORATION AND SECURITIES COMMISSION Non-Profit Report for 1938 LANSING, MICH. ,.........JJ~.Y.:..1.g.1.....................193~.... Received from ..J.~~ skego n...JJ.~~ s e o !.._;! ewi sh W?.!:.~~!.P.............. ...............................~J~ ske go n ..He 1 g ht s , 0 J~i_~_h_•--···········--- the sum of TWO DOLLARS, as filing fee for the 1938 Annua] Report. $2.00 fs Commissioner. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Temple B'nai Israel Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Temple B'nai Israel (Muskegon, Mich.) Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs, scrapbooks, programs, minutes, and other records of the Temple B'nai Israel in Muskegon, Michigan. The collection was created as part of the L'dor V'dor project directed by Dr. Marilyn Preston, and was supported by grants from the Kutsche Office of Local History and Michigan Humanities Council. Original materials were digitized by the University Libraries and returned to the synagogue. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital objects were contributed by Temple B'nai Israel as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Scrapbooks Synagogues Women--Societies and clubs Minutes (Records) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Preston, Marilyn Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Text Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1920s-2018 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-08_BI_1938_Filling_Fee_Annual_Report Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Michigan Corporation and Securities Commission Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1938 Title A name given to the resource Filing Fee Description An account of the resource Filing fee receipt for Muskegon House of Jewish Worship for $2 with the Michigan Corporation and Securities Commission. Subject The topic of the resource Jews--United States Muskegon (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digital file contributed by the B'nai Israel Temple as part of the L'dor V'dor project. Relation A related resource L'dor V'dor (project) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5984733f3120b2a2d9bdf4c903a27c2a.pdf e72f147ff49acc8f3873f4c811d226c6 PDF Text Text Speaking Out Western Michigan’s Civil Rights Histories Interviewee: Filiz Dogru Interviewers: Allison Kelleher, Ray Ramirez, Lukas Johnsen, and Jaci Cangealose Supervising Faculty: Melanie Shell-Weiss Location: Grand Valley State University Special Collections Date: 3/21/2012 Biography and Description Filiz Dogru was born in Turkey, came to the United States in 1990, and settled in West Michigan in August 2003. He is a professor at Grand Valley State University and an active member of the Niagara foundation and the Turkish American Michigan society. He discusses how he never felt different until moving to West Michigan, although the Grand Rapids area is improving on diversity. Transcript KELLEHER: So remember when I told you we were going to, the interview was going to be archived? DOGRU: Oh Boy, you are scaring me now. KELLEHER: I told you that for previous or for future research, if you want you, it can be used later on, or just for this project, it’s completely up to you. There is two of them you have to fill out, one of them is a copy for our teacher and one is a copy for Grand Valley’s records. DOGRU: Ok about this who will write, is it here in Michigan you are interested? Or in general in the world? CANCEALOSE: Let’s do both. KELLEHER: It’s for studies in west Michigan but it’s incorporating all different aspects. Yeah. DOGRU: Ok, Ahh. My previous interviews are not that serious, trust me. CANCEALOSE: Well we are required to do this. KELLEHER: Can I have your copy of the page… DOGRU: Ok final transcript like before you are presenting or before giving anybody, are you going to give it to me to read it? Because if there is any misunderstanding, I may say, oh, I didn’t mean this, is it? CANCEALOSE: I don’t think she went over that in class. KELLEHER: I don’t think she did either. Page 1 �CANCEALOSE: So we can ask her about it today. KELLEHER: We are presenting on Monday or Wednesday. DOGRU: Oh this coming Monday or Wednesday? CANCEALOSE: Yeah. DOGRU: Oh, so when I have time to see it? KELLEHER: We are gonna work on it this weekend, and we can give you…. DOGRU: This weekend I am not here (laughs). KELLEHER: Well we have… DOGRU: I am out of town. KELLEHER: We will do our best to get it done by like, when are you leaving? DOGRU: Saturday Morning. KELLEHER: Could we get it to you Friday if we work really hard and try to get this transcript done? It’s gonna be a lot but… DOGRU: If I can have it like Friday five o’clock or so. I can hopefully, I will check my e-mail, and get back to you by mid night or so, is that ok? KELLEHER: We will do our best to get it done by then. DOGRU: Ok, hopefully the questions are easier than this one. KELLEHER: Sorry. DOGRU: What do you want me to do? KELLEHER: You have to read it and give your initials. CANCEALOSE: Grand Valley makes us do this. KELLEHER: Both of these have to be done. DOGRU: Oh, this is my name right? KELLEHER: Yup. DOGRU: I wish you brought these. KELLEHER: Yeah I didn’t have them. DOGRU: Is that it? This one too? Page 2 �CANCEALOSE: Yup. KELLEHER: You can do it at the end if you want, since there is two of them and you had already done one of them. DOGRU: Ok. KELLEHER: If that’s what you like. DOGRU: I wish to do one of them. DOGRU: And today is 21st? KELLEHER: Yeah I didn’t have these with me yesterday. DOGRU: Oh, which one is me? KELLEHER: The printed name and then the signature. DOGRU: Yeah but both require my signature? KELLEHER: Is this supposed to be mine? CANCEALOSE: No you are the interviewer, you ask the questions. KELLEHER: We can get some white out. DOGRU: This is me? DOGRU: Alright guys let me see. KELLEHER: Sorry about that. DOGRU: You look so serious. KELLEHER: Sorry. DOGRU: It says could you please give me some information about yourself. DOGRU: Are you recording already? CANCEALOSE: Yes. DOGRU: You are serious? KELLEHER: We have to go back and listen to it. We just have to give it to her so she knows that we actually conducted the interview. DOGRU: Ok. KELLEHER: She is cool, she will let us. Page 3 �DOGRU: Full name is Filiz Dogru; do you want me to spell it? CANCEALOSE: Sure. DOGRU: D-o-g-r-u, I have one soft g in the Turkish alphabet, as opposed to the g in the English alphabet, that’s why it’s not Dog-ru but Dogru. And place of birth, is in Turkey, if I can have a paper? KELLEHER: Sure. DOGRU: In fact Turkey is called Turk-ey-ya, somehow in English they call it Turkey. And date is, oh that is a bad date, February 9, 1962. Ok I’m pretty old huh? Alright parents and siblings, parents are all passed away, siblings I have only one brother, ancestors, what would you want me to say on that? My grandparents, great grandparents, they are all passed away. KELLEHER: Where were they from? DOGRU: My mother’s side was the Balkan Turks, and my father’s side is from Anatolia, it is just regular Turkey, it is a long time they have been there. Life partner, I don’t have any. No marriage, nothing. No children. Education, I have three master’s degrees and one PHD. Religion is Islam. Community involvement, oh I am very actively involved in dialogue organizations, do you need particular names for that? Or just in general? KELLEHER: Yes please. DOGRU: I am an active member of the Niagara foundation, and I am an active member of Turkish American Michigan society. KELLEHER: Can you say that again? DOGRU: Turkish American Michigan Society. DOGRU: And professions, I am a mathematician, a university professor, political party, NOTHING. I hate politics; I don’t want to follow politics. This is my personal opinion anyway. DOGRU: When did you come to Western Michigan? August 2003, but I came to United States in 1990. DOGRU: How would you describe your own identity? I am a Muslim, Turkish American. DOGRU: Was there a particular moment in your adulthood or growing up when you were treated different because of your faith? Oh yea (laugh). Well first of all, growing up I was in Turkey, I came to the United States when I was 25 or 26 years old, and I didn’t felt anything until I came to western Michigan, it’s really funny isn’t it? Immediately after I come to western Michigan, I realize that I am different, not from the community, but I don’t know if that is related to my faith, or my dress code, or my accent maybe, or they realize my accent is from another country. I can’t pin point on that, but I definitely realized that I’m different. KELLEHER: What was it like in school? You said that you had three master’s degrees. Where did you get them from? Page 4 �DOGRU: I received a master’s degree at Brown University Providence, Rhode Island. It’s very diverse, and I didn’t feel anything was different because everyone was from somewhere. And then my second master is in Virginia Tech. That is also a huge research school too, so that is also very, very diverse. I didn’t feel anything, and also another thing is I didn’t live in the regular city. I also lived in the campus, at least you don’t feel you are different at the time, you just feel you are a student. It is all students there from different cultures and different ethics and things, and same thing; I got the third master degree from the University of Toledo. That is also very diverse school, I didn’t feel much. I earned my PhD at Penn State, in Pennsylvania. That is also a huge research school. Those schools, they are recruiting students from all over the world, you don’t feel some people are different and some are not, we are all, we do not feel anything. But immediately after I came to western Michigan, I wasn’t a student anymore; I wasn’t living in the campus. I had to find a regular apartment, I had to live in the community, and it’s a different approach with the community, you know? In that case yes, I felt it very much, in the mall, people are talking to you and it’s totally different than they were talking two seconds ago to someone else. And the cashier’s behavior, especially when I came here to the bank, I didn’t understand bank, cashier would be saying something about something and I would sorry I did not understand this and she would start raising her voice as if I don’t hear it. I told her ‘I am not deaf, please come down and tell me the term, what does that mean?’ And then they didn’t know how to deal with someone who looked a little different than them. That’s what I thought. KELLEHER: When you came from Turkey did you go immediately to college and live on the campus there or did you live in the community? DOGRU: No. The whole my life, I lived in always the college towns, always I was in the big schools, and always I was surrounded by those people. For example, at Virginia Tech, that is a small town, but the town is completely university. Penn State is like that too, the whole town is the university, you don’t see other people, everyone is faculty or for the university, or student, so even though it is a small town, you don’t feel it. Providence is a big city, but I lived since I was new at the time in the campus, I didn’t go around it that much, so I didn’t feel anything. And let’s see where else, here Grand Rapids was totally different because Grand Valley University, this university is separate from the city. It’s not the city is the university, so in that case you are some people know when I say I am working for Grand Valley they say ‘oh that’s great, my cousin’s daughter is going there.’ I mean it’s nothing close relation with the school. KELLEHER: So what made you choose Grand Valley? DOGRU: Job. So after I graduated I earned my PhD and I applied several places and got three jobs offer, I don’t know if you are family or how those work because every January we have mathematicians applying for jobs, we have a big meeting and in those meeting you can choose what jobs are good for you. Then you can apply. After you apply you and they like you, then they call for the interview. If they like you in the interview, then you get offered the job. I got offered several of them, I got three offers, and Grand Valley was the best of those three, so that’s why I came here. KELLEHER: You said that Grand Rapids was totally different because it was separate from the university. Can you talk about what your experience was like when you first came to Grand Valley and to the Grand Rapids area? Page 5 �DOGRU: Grand Valley was ok. I mean everyone somehow, someway went to graduate school. They know those kinds of environments; they came from outside the area to find a job, but outside the university is not very familiar. And still there are some, but it’s so different ten years ago and now, you can feel it, even Grand Valley did not have this much diversity. Now they are doing very good job to collect those students and faculty members. At that time, it was obvious, when you go into a meeting, or you go into some kind of gathering with the community, you are suddenly left alone there, you can see people looking at you a little differently, kind people, I’m not saying they are unkind, or bad. You can feel it, and that’s a very bad feeling, I had never felt that before. But it’s changing, I can definitely say that. There is a huge difference between ten years ago and now. KELLEHER: Did you ever feel different around your students or people that took your classes, things like that, how did your students react? DOGRU: Good question, very good question. I am a mathematician, I teach calculus, I teach geometry, whatever you can think of. In those classes, especially calculus’s, it’s not easy for the students, especially because some of the freshman are taking calculus. In the beginning, everything is interesting for them, I am interesting, different type of teacher, and especially the beginning because right this moment I think students taught students. They give the information about yourself, nobody knew me before, I was just there. They were staring at me, that fine, that’s okay, new teacher, they problem started, whenever they start getting bad grades. Good students usually don’t talk, if they like something in your class they don’t go around and say ‘oh it’s wonderful, it’s beautiful,’ but if one bad student in there doesn’t understand what you are saying, he immediately blames you have an accent, you are not talking English, this is coming up. In the first several years, the first three or four years, it was coming up. It came up very much. I was like ‘oh god, I have been here twenty years talking with these kids and they don’t understand.’ I have ninety students, five of them don’t understand, and those five student’s voices are out, but anyway, those kinds of things happen. I even remember once, one student went very well the whole semester, and suddenly he flunked the final. Everything was fine at the time, oh he was friendly coming in and out, and of course when you flunk in the final, your grade is automatically going down. It won’t fail it, but if it is A it becomes B, and B becomes C, and goes on. And after final he came and he said ‘you know I flunked because you know you are, you are…’ and I said ‘what? You know, what happened?’ He said ‘well you are not speaking well.’ I just looked at him, oh lady I am sorry. Whole semester, first exam, second exam, his quizzes, his homework, everything is done, but final is horrible and I’m not speaking very well? Ok that’s fine but I didn’t speak Turkish (laugh). You should have just told me, but anyways, those kinds of things happen. I am usually a very patient person, that is my personality. You remember several students from the beginning that they will blame immediately my English if they do not understand mathematics. I call them, come over, let’s look at it. One student I remember couldn’t do it, just couldn’t do it, he got mad and he slammed the door went. I just said okay, you learn more. KELLEHER: About how often does that happen? You have encounters with… DOGRU: No, I’m talking these things in about the first three years KELLEHER: The first three years. Page 6 �DOGRU: Yeah, the first three years. After that, as I said, the students are teaching, I mean talking to each other, and one generation to another generation. I think somehow, someway, before coming to my class, they have some information about me. KELLEHER: Okay. DOGRU: So that helps. KELLEHER: Yeah. DOGRU: So I’m talking about the first three years it was really bad. But went okay (laugh). KELLEHER: Did you ever encounter anything with other faculty? Not just other students, but with faculty? Any situations that were not quite right, where you, treated a certain way? By faculty, not just students. DOGRU: Mhmm. it is very unfortunate, but yes. I witness couple of things that even today I remember very well and it hurts. But the thing is, the good part is, forget about the negative. Good part is those people that hurt me in first couple of years, they already realize what they have done and they already apologized. KELLEHER: Mhmm. DOGRU: So that is helpful. I mean, everybody can make mistakes. I can make mistakes too. But the good part is if you realize that mistake and you don’t repeat it, and at the same time, eh, make the other person think that you already know it. I did that mistake, but I regret it, and maybe not in clear words but actions helps a lot. So yes, it happened. KELLEHER: Would you mind telling us what happened? You don’t have to if you don’t want to. DOGRU: Right now the person who told this I really like and we’ve become very good friend, but without giving a name, that person, I don’t even say “he/she”, that person was kind of advising a new faculty members and we were two at that time and that person was advising the other new one and I was behind that person and I heard how advising, that person advising that new faculty member and then I approached and I let them know I was there and then same person turned back and said “oh, you know what, I’m advising that person, so let me give you similar advise to that, to you also, and then in her advice, telling me that standards was so high. Like, I don’t want to give into details, and it was so obvious. That person didn’t realize that I already heard what was telling to the other one, and then, for example if advice to that person is ‘do two of those, that’s enough,’ and then same thing, exactly the same thing and turn back to me and saying ‘do four of those, even four won’t be enough.’ That hit me very well but I didn’t do anything at that time. I like that person right now, and we are good friends. (Laughs). KELLEHER: That’s good. DOGRU: That’s good? Keep going? Page 7 �KELLEHER: Yes. DOGRU: Where are we? KELLEHER: We jumped around a bit. DOGRU: Oh we did? Okay, So are you going to ask? Or do you want me to go one by one? KELLEHER: We’re kind of skipping around. DOGRU: Oh okay then I’ll listen to you. KELLEHER: We got a little off track. I liked it. (Laughs from both) DOGRU: Well we can turn back if you want. I have time. KELLEHER: How did you… going back to your encounters in the classroom with other faculty… How did you deal with those kind of things in situations?” DOGRU: Okay, that’s a good question. Many, many times I sit down and think about it by myself. I was planning to be here for a long time. First of all, as a person I’m not a quitter. I don’t. ‘It is too hard, I quit! And go.’ No. I’m not that kind of person. At the same time, I don’t like the people step on me. I really don’t like it. And as I said just a second ago, about student, I’m a very, very patient person. First of all, I like talking. But the thing is I don’t do it immediately because when you confront people immediately, they usually get defensive and they don’t hear you, but they just try to defend themselves. So in that case, the first reaction from me is being quiet, and back off. And the, in the right moment, but I cannot forget, that’s the, that’s the thing. In the right moment, at the right time, I can bring it back and talk. Maybe some that person doesn’t except at that moment too, but at least I will let them know that I know these things. I’m aware of it. Because let me tell you one thing, , cultures are so different. I grew up in a Turkish culture, which you have to be very modest, very calm, and very… how can I say? Put the others first. But, honestly, I will say this - this culture, , translated here has a stupidity. If you put others before yourself, and if you act modestly, like for example in some of your success, here I can see people are really proud and say it. But, I grew up in a culture if you do big good things you don’t say it. Let other people say those things. So if you don’t say those things, people translate that one as if you don’t have a self-confidence, you don’t have , how can I say these things? Mean you are not sure about yourself. So they translate that way. It took some time for me to understand that. Because to be hble, to be modest, is my way of living. KELLEHER: Mhmm. DOGRU: At the same time, you are humble and modest and suddenly people are thinking ‘Ha! You’re stupid. You don’t even say it! You don’t even proud of it!’ So this was a difficult thing for me. So I am trying to balance right now. I cannot just go around and say ‘Hey look I did this, I did that!’ I cannot do that because I couldn’t, I uh I wasn’t taught that way. I wasn’t grew up that way. But at the same time, right now I realize if you don’t say it, people are not taking it very well. So I’m trying to balance it a little Page 8 �bit. So this is the difficult thing. Oh, another thing. Forgiveness also really translates here stupidity. Yeah. If you are good, well for me it’s if you are good you forgive people if they make some mistakes. Maybe they can, maybe you can give a second chance. So in that case they really translate ‘Oh, she’s stupid and she doesn’t realize that.’ But it’s not. It’s totally different. , but I do I regret for that? No. Will I change it completely? No. Because there is a saying also in English the saying that ‘Killing with kindness.’ I think it works. I think it really, really works. If you go and start fighting, if you go and start confronting, people will make the problem bigger and bigger. Instead, just let the cool down a little bit in the environment and talk to people later on may effect more. KELLEHER: Mhmm. DOGRU: My opinion, as I said. KELLEHER: Mhmm. That’s fine. , you mentioned that you noticed uh differences in the like reactions and and modesty and in forgiveness and in that kind of things. What was one of the first things that you noticed when you came from Turkey? DOGRU: Mhmm. KELLEHER: Like here, when you were first at school doing your master’s. What was one of the first things that you noticed culturally was a big difference for you that you had to come to terms with? DOGRU: For me, it’s diversity. I mean, not the feelings, but in Turkey, okay, when I came here first … let me put it together. In Turkey, we have different type of; we had to write nouns, I had been here more in fact. Uh we had over there so many different types of people because of the big Ottoman Empire. Its uh, we have European type, we have Asian type, we have Russian type, we have Russian type, we have Arabic type. I mean we have so many different features, different uh color hair color, eye color, and different types of people. And I never ever felt that. I mean, we didn’t know there was any difference until I came United States. And when I came to United States, I don’t know whether I should say this or not, but suddenly, still they were talking about ‘colored’ people. When I heard this term first I was shocked! Truly shocked! What does that mean? People is people. What does the ‘colored’ mean?! The first time I realized that there are still some differences do we have in Turkey? Oh yea. Right now we have tons of different people! But we never thought about it. We never think about it. And then later on after I came here they started some Turkish-Kurdish stuff in Turkey. I said ‘Uh, that’s not what I know!’ (Laughs) DOGRU: Because we live together, we don’t even know who is who. We just all same country people. Who cares where they from? That is the first thing shocked me here. I said, they immediately, they are still thinking about the, uh those days, and they are still thinking about the unfairness between it, and then I didn’t recognize it in the campus too much even though I heard it. But, when I came to Western Michigan, I felt it a little bit. They still have that kind of mindset. But as I said, in time, it’s going much better. Right now I can feel the difference. I hope that was the answer of… what was the question? I don’t know (laugh). Page 9 �KELLEHER: No, that was, that was perfect. Was there, you said you didn’t notice uh in Turkey everyone lives together and there a difference. You don’t notice a difference at all. DOGRU: Exactly. KELLEHER: Is there no… I just don’t understand because here, we treat people differently and it’s so unfortunate. , are no one’s treated differently there because of your ethnicity or your race… DOGRU: “No one. Because you didn’t know who was who.” KELLEHER: “Okay.” DOGRU: “Just just people. Your neighbor, your worker, your things. We never interested in where they come from. We never. I mean, we were interested in how good person is. How hard worker is. How, let’s see… how they are behaving to their neighbors and stuff. These are the more important thing for us. We never ever… well maybe I was young, so maybe that’s what. But even here, I mean young people know about those things. Sometimes even makes me think. If you guys don’t have, or if we don’t have here, just those celebrations like ‘Oh we have to celebrate that, we have to celebrate this,’ so even those emphasize. Or, so how can I say it? In school for example, uh, teachers sometimes give a talk. Saying that ‘Oh you have to behave same with this person, that person.’ I think that gives the students mind ‘Oh, we are not doing it? Or maybe it’s not supposed to be done that way that teacher is warning me?’ So this, I don’t know, I might be wrong as I, my observations is this one. We never thought about that person you have to behave good and that person you have to behave good. You have to behave everyone good! You don’t have to emphasize it so you are behaving good to that one so you have to behave good to this one too. No! Everything is same! You have to behave good to all. (Laugh) That’s it! KELLEHER: You’re not highlighting differences. DOGRU: Right, right, right! KELLEHER: Okay. DOGRU: This is a right word. Highlighting. They are highlighting here sometimes. KELLEHER: Mhmm, like with… DOGRU: Even, let me interrupt you, and this is a really interesting thing. I was hired here and many, many faculty members whose foreign origin comes from other country, they grew up here or they went to school here, maybe eh late ages and stuff. When they hired here, they didn’t ask ‘International Faculty,’ or more worse, ‘Foreign faculty.’ They never give any advertisement like that. I never applied for this ‘Foreign faculty’ advertisement. They look for ‘Faculty Members.’ But after I came here, I realize I’m already classified, separated, as ‘Foreign faculty members’ and this really bothers me and still bothers me. I still keep talking but nobody listens to me. (Laughs). I mean, yes, we may born in a different country but nobody hired me here, or offered me job anywhere saying ‘We are hiring you because you are a foreign faculty.’ Then I understand that. That means there’s a different class that they are hiring for that class. No! They didn’t give me anything separate. They are just saying ‘This is the job Page 10 �advertisement, this is the qualification’ and I applied for that. And then suddenly after I came to Grand Valley, not just me, they always call either ‘International Faculty,’ or worse, worse, worse is ‘Foreign faculty.’ Why am I foreign faculty?! I, I, I fight, I say it? Applied under the same conditions with everybody. There is no ‘foreign’ or ‘non-foreign.’ KELLEHER: Similar qualifications… DOGRU: Exactly! Qualifications is there, background is there, everything was there. They give me the same interview, uh… KELLEHER: Process. DOGRU: Yes, process, exactly. And then, they hired me! And why am I suddenly faculty member which is foreign?! That’s, that’s not good. (Laugh) KELLEHER: I just thought of… [Unclear] DOGRU: I think this helps you. KELLEHER: Oh, it does. This is great. We live, this building is two buildings down from the international housing. DOGRU: Uh-huh… KELLEHER: On campus, the Murray building, right next to Van Steeland is international housing so I just thought of that. DOGRU: So international students go there? KELLEHER: They have the option to apply to be, err, apply to live in international housing, and I just thought of… DOGRU: Why not just student housing? KELLEHER: Exactly. DOGRU: International? They already put you in a different chair. Done. And then they are saying ‘You are good to me; you should be good to that one too.’ That’s no. I’m sorry. (Laughs) KELLEHER: No, please keep going if… DOGRU: That’s, that’s it. CANCEALOSE: I have a question. You’re, you were born in Turkey. Do you have your U.S. citizenship? DOGRU: Yes I do. CANCEALOSE: When did you get that? Page 11 �DOGRU: it was a choice. It’s recently in fact because I worked more than nine years. After four, okay, let me tell you this process. After you become green card permanent resident after four years, you will be able to apply and have your citizenship. I waited like almost eight years. I didn’t apply immediately. So after eight years, I applied so I got that. CANCEALOSE: Was it a hard process? DOGRU: Not hard but long. CANCEALOSE: Yeah. DOGRU: Long, long process. Let me tell you another things, for example my brother and his family came to United States ten years ago, no twelve years ago and then they become a citizen after three, three and a half years I think. They become a long before then me. So its process is up to you I mean, when are you applying, when are you getting it. But I got recently, one or two years. CANCEALOSE: Oh, okay. DOGRU: I had green card though before. CANCEALOSE: Mhmm. KELLEHER: What made you change your mind? You said you waited. Most people wait after the four year process. What made you want to wait even longer? DOGRU: Well this, which is good, just time. I couldn’t find time to apply because as I said process is long. So you have to fill lots and lots and lots of forms and they sometimes send you for fingerprinting in somewhere. Sometimes Detroit. So you won’t have time to go there. So time was very difficult. At that time I wasn’t tenured also. I didn’t know whether I would be able to tenure or not. So I said ‘Well, just wait. Wait and see what will going, and how it goes the process.’ And then then I got tenured, I said ‘Oh, okay then let me get it.’ (Laughs) KELLEHER: Was there a time where you ever, or will there be a time you think where you want to go back to Turkey? And if... just don't want to be here anymore and you want to go back home? DOGRU: Was there a time? . Ph.D. is a very hard job, especially in mathematics, the reason I wanted to go back home and quit everything sometimes, whenever I get very, very stressed because of the work got too hard. But as I said I'm not quitting very quickly, that easy. Yes once in a while I said ‘Ok I'm leaving this things, I don't want to be doctor, I don't want anything anymore,’ that moment’s came but usually because of the work stressed. But that kind of moment never came after my PhD. I'm done with that, it’s ok. Yes work was hard from time to time but there's the expression or the saying in Turkish language, ‘I burned all my ships to go back.’ There's no way back now, I don't know does it make sense for you or not. I came with the ships but I burned them all so there's no way back. So this is my way home, that's it. KELLEHER: What made you decide math? Page 12 �DOGRU: Oh that's a long story, but this is a very classical I guess. From the childhood, (laugh), but it's true because I was really unique in my classes since from the elementary school. I was very enjoying mathematics and then my teachers usually picked me for mathematical competition, mathematical whatever we have some kind of program stuff. I was picked all the time, so that give me kind of proud and saying ‘ooh, I'm doing something good’ (laugh). And it continued, and mathematics opened me to go abroad. Opened the opportunity to give me opportunity to go abroad. So I came to United States. If I'm a chemistry major for example, or let's say biology. In those types of areas, not much foreign students can be able to find a job here. Mathematics is a little bit better, it's really interesting but when you have graduate school, every school has a different type of, let's say, math, biology, chemistry and those types of things. And especially the finance related schools, you won't be able to find a lot of foreigners in there, so you will just international, you will just go ahead and pick those schools and then people who are finding jobs from those schools, which originally from other countries is much less than people are finding jobs here, from other countries, in physics, mathematics, , engineering, those are more in here. I mean you can find a job better. KELLEHER: Why do you think that difference exists? You said it would be different if you were a chemistry major. It would be more difficult for you to find a position. DOGRU: That's right. I don't know. I think people who are here, especially in mathematics, American students, in other words are just born and raised in United States, they don't like mathematics. They say ‘We hate mathematics, we hate math!’ This is could be the reason, maybe it affects above levels, yes we have lots of American born faculty members and stuff but in big research universities, if you really go there. It's the foreign, ‘foreign faculties’ (laugh), are more over there. So that case, I think that education is from the bottom I think, from the elementary school, and especially in Asia and Balkan region and not recently but earlier in Russia. And those area are really strong in mathematics and physics and those kinds of things. I don't know, I mean I'm not education person in that subject, you know. KELLEHER: Do you think if you were still, if you were born here in the US would you still consider yourself Turkish, Muslim American, you claimed your ancestry, you still would have been able to get the same position? Or going off of when we were talking about the differences in being able to get the job and job opportunities, do you think you would have had the same opportunity to get this position or any of the other ones you were offered? DOGRU: You mean if I was born here, raised here, go to school here to prepare myself? KELLEHER: But you still practice your... DOGRU: My religion and my background and culture. KELLEHER: Right and you claimed your Turkish decent and you claimed that, just a hypothetical... DOGRU: I believe so. The reason is, I mean I don't know how good I would be at the time, my education would be where, I mean how much mathematics I would know or whether I would be able to do those PhD, asse that everything is done, I believe would the same qualification and the same time I would Page 13 �have the same job offers because those job offers or , those job posts, doesn't separate about the culture or the religion, about the what country you are from, about the you understand what I am saying? I mean whenever we search even right now I mean whenever we search some faculty position, for some faculty position, we just give the qualification and we put over there, what kind of things we are looking for in that person. And those things doesn't include their culture and their background and their religion. Those are totally different things, so it's a good thing in fact. So whether I born there whether I born here doesn't matter but all I need is match the qualification and you're what they are looking for. As long as they match I think they will be ok. KELLEHER: Will you tell us about your family? DOGRU: My family, as I said I'm not married and I don't have children, I don't have my own small family, but as a family I have my brother who is in Pennsylvania. He is the closest family right now I have. And he has two kids going to Penn state, so good. And then I have four cousins but we don't see each other much because they are in Turkey and I am here and travel is too expensive. Well you may say ‘well travel is not there but Skype is there,’ but everybody is so busy. So it's difficult. Once in a while yes in the holidays and here and there when some wedding ceremonies and stuff we call each other or something but other than that we don't want, we don't have, not want, but we don't have very close relations right now. KELLEHER: Do you get to see your brother often? DOGRU: Oh yeah, yes, almost every break, for example Christmas break and ser break. But he didn't have very demanding job before and he was coming and visiting me and I was going and visiting them but now he is working like 24/7 so it's hard for him to come but we talk on the phone. So yeah. KELLEHER: What made your brother, do you know what made your brother want to leave Turkey as well? DOGRU: yeah, I know very well because he, I don't know whether you guys remember or not, in 1999 there was a huge earthquake in Istanbul. Istanbul is the biggest city in Turkey, and in that earthquake my brother with two partners had a big shop that they were sewing and selling the coats, winter coats for man and woman. And they were sewing, it was very good business but unfortunately in that big earthquake everything is gone, because buildings are over and all the customers, the people who are buying from them and selling there are gone too, and the business is just pffff, disappeared. And then those three partners decided to separate, everybody, some of them went to other city, some of them stayed in Istanbul. At that time I was forcing him to apply for a green card. I don't know whether you are familiar with the green card or not. Green card is permanent residency in the United States. And he was applying and that year it was third year for him. There is a green card lottery every year in United States, they have some particular nber of people, for example they were saying 500 people from Turkey, 500 people from, I'm just throwing those countries names, Russia, 500 from Mexico, 500 this, 500 that. So they are making a lottery out of those applications and then they are choosing people. My brother in the third year had this situation, the losing everything. And they got the lottery. They got the green card. So he called me and he said ‘well what we going to do? Can we come?’ ‘Cause they didn't speak English, Page 14 �they didn't have money. That was little difficult at that moment. And I said ‘Well I'm here.’ I was a student but let's try. In the worst case you'll go back and start all over. And then they said ok and they came. At that time kids were very young. My nephew was 9 years old I believe, it's the third grade. And then my niece was the first grade student. They came and the third day we put them in school, without speaking one word of English, my goodness. So they came, they start with the very small thing, like my brother went and washed the dishes at one restaurant and my sister in law babysit for some people. That cased they slowly learned English, the kids of course they grabbed English very, very quick. They helped their parents, I helped a little bit and then they decided ok, we're going just fine, let's go on, let's keep going. Then they're going right now, they're still here. And my nephew right now is the third year college student. Can you believe that? And my niece just started this year, she’s a freshman. So yeah. They decided to be here too. KELLEHER: Do you know of if they've had any encounters, unfortunate encounters where they were treated differently, that you know of? DOGRU: I don't think so, no. The reason is that they live all their lives in Pennsylvania State College, I don't know if you're familiar with that town or not, that town is a very, very diverse place. So in that case there are lots of people that came from other countries. If you are in the environment, you don't feel it. You don't know that you are different because everybody is different in that case. If you call different. So everybody is han, here we go (laugh). Children of God. KELLEHER: Will you talk about the organizations you're involved in? DOGRU: Oh sure! my organizations is the Niagara Foundation. Niagarafoundation.org. I'm doing commercial right now (laugh). It's nonpolitical, nongovernmental, and nonprofit organization. Completely volunteer based and they are trying to promote the dialog and friendship, all the good things you know in the society. And they are doing these things on so many different levels. For example, this Niagara Foundation is best organization. In 11 states is included, Michigan is one of them. So what they are doing is they are having dialog dinners, annual. Almost every city. In those they are bringing all the community leaders together in that dinner. And then we have always three speakers and then we have always a topic, for example the last one was art of living together. So they give a speech on that and with the nice good Turkish food, so we just discuss those things and then we have annual again every city in Michigan. Abrahamic dinners, we put those in that case we invite religious leaders and religious communities to get together. For example the last one was in Alni house here and topic was altruism. And we invited one Jewish, one Christian and was Muslim speaker. They talked about that and we have seminars for example, on 24th, today is what? 21St, I believe it's the 24th at Ann Arbor. Yesterday was in Lansing. There are two seminars called “Heroes of Peace” so in every culture whoever worked very hard for peace, one person will talk about that person. For example Mother Teresa is one of them, Gandhi was one of the topic, and Goolen was another topic. And there are several of them right now but we can check. And then we have for example two weeks they go in Lansing we had for the woman's history month. We had woman panel perspective of all three woman leader from the community. One was senator, the other was medical doctor, and these are all from different communities and then one was dean. Those three ladies talk about their difficulties; the questions like you are asking me right now, it's very similar. So we asked those questions to them and then they gave Page 15 �beautiful presentation. So that helped for the society too. And then the Niagara Foundation, I can go on and on I don't know, you can stop me at any time. And then we can have visitation of the nursing homes, visitation of the young children stays without mom and dad. Foster care. Orphanages, yeah those kinds of places and then they help for the food banks and let me see what else. Oh, that's my favorite one which is the children's day. Last year we had it at Wayne State University and this year they are having it again. In that every single culture in the United States the children coming and performing their own dance, song, things, and so colorful and so beautiful. You can go to the website and see more. And see all the video tapes they have over there, it's so beautiful. And last year even though it was the first one, 17 different ethnic groups send their children for some performance. It was a beautiful one, that was my favorite, anyway. I can go on more, there are luncheons, fors, so many things, visitations and stuff but I'll cut if off. KELLEHER: What about the Turkish American society you mentioned? DOGRU: Very good, in fact this Niagara Foundation and Turkish American society are kind of sister organizations. Niagara Foundation more on the dialog among the societies, among the communities and Turkish American Society is more on cultural stuff. So it's going on the lots of, for example it will be soon, next week sometimes, I'd have to check the date. It will be henna night, do you know henna night? Henna night is the night before the marriage. Girl's friends get together in one house and have a big celebration. Only girls, only girls! Sorry (laugh). Big celebration and then they are culturally, represent those celebration in Ann Arbor, or Detroit, they are doing it this year. It is nice stuff is going on but not just one or two, I mean it's a lot. I cannot list them right now, it’s not possible. So they are yes they are sister organizations but their work is a little bit different. DOGRU: And then, Niagara Foundation… I can go on and on, I don’t know. You may stop me any time. And then we can have, uh, visitation of the nursing homes, visitation of the, uh, young children stays without mom and dad… KELLEHER: Foster care. Orphanages. DOGRU: Orphanages, yeah those kind of places. And then they help for the food banks and, let me see what else. Oh! That’s my favorite one which is the Children’s Day. Last year we had them at Wayne State University and this year they are doing it again and that, every single culture in United States, the children uh coming and performing their own dance, song, things. And so colorful and so beautiful. You can go to website and have more and see all those web videotapes they have over there. It’s so beautiful. And last year, even though it was the first one, 17 different ethnic groups and their children for some performance. It was a beautiful one. That was my favorite, well anyway. I can go on more. There are luncheons, fors, so many things, visitations, and stuff, but I’ll cut it off. KELLEHER: What about the Turkish-American… uh… Michigan Society that you mentioned? DOGRU: Very good. In fact, this Niagara Foundation and Turkish-American Society are kind of sister organizations. Niagara Foundation… eh… more on the dialog among the societies, among the communities. And Turkish-American Societies is more on cultural stuff. So it’s going on, lots of, for example, it will be soon, next week sometimes. I have to check the date. It will be Henna night. For Page 16 �example, do you know Henna night? So Henna night is a night before the marriage, eh, girl’s friends get together in one house and have a big celebration. Only girls, only girls, sorry! (Laughs) Big celebration and then they are culturally represent those, eh, celebration in Ann Arbor, or Detroit they are doing it this year. So, it is nice stuff is going on. But not just one, two, I mean it is a lot. I cannot list it right now. It is impossible. So they are, so they are yes, sister organizations but their work is a little bit different. DOGRU: Different targets. Okay. We, uh, for, as part of our class had to watch a video. … it was called, , 30 Days. I don’t know if you’re familiar with 30 Days. , they take, err. In this video we watched they took a practicing Christian and they challenged him to live 30 Days as, with a Muslim family. And he had to participate in the things they participated in, dress the way that they’re supposed to, eat the same food, go to, uh, , practice their faith, and it was a really interesting video to watch. And it, we have one of our questions for you was, Muslims are depicted differently on the television. And the media twists things around in almost all aspects of life. And I was wondering what your, , kind of take was on the way, uh, Muslims are viewed through the media’s eyes… if you have an opinion on that. DOGRU: Well, unfortunately you can hear right now it’s very little positive things about Islam or Muslims. Well, (sigh), it is really unfortunate but right now one good thing. I usually pick the good things. In fact, one good thing, uh, people, especially the young generation: eager to learn before decide. So, the older generation when I look or talk, whatever they hear from the media, they just have it. And unfortunately since media doesn’t talk very positive, then they have very negative view towards Islam and towards Muslims. But, as I said, young generation is little bit more curious before taking it in, maybe because of the technology. I don’t know. They know the internet, they know the Facebook. They can communicate much faster than older generation. Even me, I mean you are, you guys are much better than me. And then they are learning. And they are can reach the information easier, faster. And then they decide their own instead of uh, listening someone else’s opinion about something. Which is a very, very big plus for me. , how can we change the media? Can we do it? Mmm… not very soon. The reason is I’m saying this is a recently I learned that it was in the internet again. There is a special, uh, company. It’s really paid with the big budget and their job is create a bad media against Islam. And then the company beside this, uh, fear.inc. Fear dot I mean information is in here. So they give incorporations. So if you read that thing, they give who is donating that money, how much money, how they are working, what they are doing. And there is a huge things going on behind the scenes. So it’s very clear that there is a active, , work just, just, just to be bad publicizing Islam and, ah, Muslims. So in that case, that will be always there. It won’t go away. But, as I said, I mean, without learning, the young generation usually don’t fall into that… hole. So which is good. And about Muslims, , I cannot say all of them are nice. Muslims are, Muslims are also a han being. And there are bad ones too. There are the ones that I can’t even see and hear sometimes and I want to slap them! So, there are. Unfortunately, just looking at those people and then decide about their religion, that’s a wrong decision. In any religion. In Islam, in Christianity, on Judaism, or Buddhism, or whatever, or Hinduism, whatever you are approaching. You cannot judge a religion by looking at just one or two people. Could be those two people are not even practicing. So, but they call themselves Muslim, and they call themselves something else. And then so then the whole religion is getting the bad influence? No. That’s not right. If someone wants to learn about Islam, or Muslims, or Christianity, or Judaism, they supposed to learn from the right sources. And it is really hard, I can tell. I mean, how can you decide which is right, which is wrong? And for us, one Page 17 �good guidance is always there, as a Muslim, by myself. Sometimes some books even can confuse me. Uh, the Quran is my first guidance because that never ever changed; that’s the good part. From the beginning, ‘till now. Go to Malaysia, go to Indonesia, go to Arabia, go to Turkey, go anywhere! It’s still the same. I know sometimes it’s hard to understand. I know we have to read the translation not the real one. But still, that’s the best guidance in the moment that we cannot decide. We confused. That is, that is what I can say on that. But, of course. I mean if you, if, if you want to learn good sources and good references, you can see, I mean, if somebody who’s not practicing Islam. Somebody who’s, eh, not doing anything related to it and suddenly comes and talks about Islam. If you listen that one, how healthy is that? I mean it’s very obvious and logical. All you need to do is more, mean you can look at people’s life even you can decide, ‘Oh! That person is doing good in her or his religion.’ You know? And plus, that you said Christian lived in a Muslim family… this is a good gesture. It’s good. But to force people to live in somebody’s home and somebody’s culture, why? It’s not necessary. We supposed to celebrate our differences and our commonalities. Why do, he’s wonderful with his belief, Christian. And she or he is wonderful with his/her belief, Muslim. So why not put them common ground and let them practice that and let them practice that. We have to have a differences. We cannot put everybody in a same clothes. That’s impossible! We have to have the differences. That’s the beauty. The Niagara Foundation is in fact emphasizing this one a lot. One thing I forgot, can I go back and tell one more thing about it? Uh, when I say differences and stuff in them… we have every year, Noah’s Pudding celebration. I don’t know whether you’ve heard about it or not. Do you know? , Noah’s Pudding: everybody knows Noah, right? Is a prophet long time back, had flood, lots of animals and his, eh, ship. And then flood is gone and was everything was out and happens. Good! Very good. In that time, at the end of the flood, eh, the food inside the ship is almost finished. And they had little bit of this, little bit of that, of rice and nuts, and whatever you can think of, grains, and fruits, dried fruits and anything. But everything is little by little. But they have to have a big dish to eat; maybe the last dish but big dish. What they do is put altogether and cooked. Niagara Foundation makes it every year. Same dish. We call it Noah’s Pudding. So many different things at the same time! That dish is delicious, sweet dish. It’s delicious! So, we look at people like that! I am Muslim, somebody’s Christian, somebody’s Jewish, somebody is... uh… Hindu, somebody’s Buddhist, somebody is something else that I don’t remember right now. That’s okay. We come together and we can make a very good Noah’s Pudding. Trust me. (Laughs) Maybe I should bring Noah’s Pudding here to share with everyone. That, I should do that. You give me idea, okay! I’ll, I’ll try. KELLEHER: … going back to, uh, before the story about Noah’s Pudding, , you talked about the differences: let them practice this, let these people practice this. In the video, when you said you can’t uh, look at two people and get an idea for an entire culture, you can’t get an idea and an understanding. That’s the realization that , this man, this Christian man came to when he spent the 30 days with the Muslim family. And it was, he said almost the exact same thing, he said ‘you can’t blame (in reference to he heard a lot about 9/11 and the treatment of Muslims after that time.) He said you can’t blame a country or a religion or a group of people for the actions of five.’ And his time that he spent in, with, in the 30 days was really a way of educating himself about it because he didn’t know about it. And it was wonderful to see how his viewpoints turned and I just… DOGRU: He’s, he’s right. I mean, you cannot just go on and see a couple bad people and then say ‘oh, that religion is bad.’ But you don’t know the billions and billions of people following that religion maybe Page 18 �is good, you know? So it’s kind of very, very difficult things. , knowledge is important. If people know what is what, then they know better. In that case they won’t decide with the one or two people, obedient or behaviors. Definitely. But I don’t know how to increase the knowledge, well, that is my goal too. KELLEHER: As part of your organizations. DOGRU: Exactly yeah. Inviting people and trying to tell. , also I blame some Muslim people too. They were too closed before 9/11. They weren’t, integrated in the society. You understand what I’m saying? I mean, they were, they just lived in their own community. Which is not right. You have to know your neighbor. You have to help your neighbor. You have to say hi to your neighbor. This is Islam. But unfortunately, before 9/11, we had, well, somehow Muslim community here and they don’t mix up with others. So that was bad too. Right now, that’s what we’re trying to do. I mean because, han being is han being. If you have children, you love them. If you see something bad, you hate them. If you, if you are hungry, you love good food! Right? Han being is a han being. I mean, Mom, just think about this. Mom and their children. Do you think is any different than any other culture than Muslims? Muslims there, this country, or some other religion here in this country. Do you think mothers and children relation is different? No. Their love is exactly the same way. And everybody’s cry… One person told me that, it was really, (sigh) , I will just, I told him you are ignorant. He said ‘well I didn’t know that Muslims could sit and cry too.’ I said ‘what are you talking about!’ You are… because they are always fight? In their eyes they always fight. They always like fighters and they supposed to not cry at all. They are han idiot! I’m sorry. (Laughs) No! They laugh, they cry, they work, and they have friends, they have family. They are exactly the same. Because han feelings are the same. Doesn’t matter where you’re born, what kind of religion you belong to. Well… knowledge. KELLEHER: Do you think that goes back to how you are portrayed in the media? DOGRU: Probably, yeah. Probably. Right now is much better, as I said. Internet is much better. Because the years I came here, uh… 1990, there wasn’t much internet at that time. I mean we didn’t have, we had email and stuff but internet was totally different thing. I mean we didn’t have that kind of thing, information. At that time on TV there were special channel about the religion. Sometimes I remember in front of that channel, sit down and cry. Because of what they were saying about Islam. And I was thinking, not because they were saying, and I was thinking… people who doesn’t know listen this one and they are really thinking, Islam is this. It’s such a different knowledge. My goodness. How could they say it, but they were saying it. But right now I’m happy because, eh, generation like you, they found millions of them. And they can pick. They can decide. KELLEHER: There’s a TV show now on TLC, , called Muslims in America. Do you know that? I haven’t been able to watch it. DOGRU: How is it? I mean is it good? Negative or positive? KELLEHER: I think it’s… I think its main point; I read a synopsis about it is. DOGRU: I don’t have cable so… Page 19 �KELLEHER: I think its main point is to highlight, is education, to educate people. That they’re not, like they are hans, like you said. And at least this is what I’ve gained. Just from my little bit of reading I’ve done and watching the previews for it but… you know that they are people too and just living their lives. And that they’re treated differently just for living like all the rest of us. That’s my understanding. DOGRU: It is changing though. We have a lot of hope for you guys. Young generation and your kids. KELLEHER: Are you able to interact with, uh, other Muslims here in your community through the Foundation and through…? DOGRU: Through my Foundation. Most of my Foundation people are in Lansing. I keep Lansing very often to meet them in some kind of activities to join and everything. And at the same time there’s a very nice, uh, group of Muslims here. Uh, international from many, many different countries. They are Americans, they are Malaysians, there are Turkish, (laughs), there are some other ethnic groups but they come together sometimes. Yes I join them many, many times. Not very often because we are so busy and school. Whenever I have time. Let’s say that way. I go and join them. Especially in the holidays. We get together to celebrate the holidays. So in that case, yeah. I know them. But not every day, every night like, uh, not every week. Everybody’s working. KELLEHER: Well… I can’t think of any other questions, can you? Do you have any questions you can think of? CANCEALOSE: Nope. Not that I can think of. KELLEHER: Thank you so much! END OF INTERVIEW Page 20 � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e5e944f4f1f1de1fd0969b22f37c7dd2.mp3 b61b24e9b109f1a4d4b446dcd7cb873b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Speaking Out: Western Michigan Civil Rights Oral Histories Subject The topic of the resource Civil rights--Michigan--History Personal narratives Oral histories African Americans--Personal narratives Gays--Personal narratives Lesbians--Personal narratives Bisexual people--Personal narratives Transgender people--Personal narratives Veterans--Personal narratives Women--Personal narratives People with disabilities--Personal narratives Muslims--United States--Personal narratives Hispanic Americans--Personal narratives Homophobia Discrimination Islamophobia Stereotypes (Social psychology)--Upper Penninsula (Mich.) Description An account of the resource Collection of oral history recordings documenting the history of civil rights and social justice advocacy in Western Michigan. The collection was created by faculty and students as a project of the LIB 201 (formerly US 201): "Diversity in the U.S." course from 2011-2012. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Brooks College of Interdisciplinary Studies Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Speaking Out: Western Michigan Civil Rights Oral History Project (GV248-01) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-05-02 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV248-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1930-2011 Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV248-01_Dogru_Filiz Title A name given to the resource Filiz Dogru audio interview and transcript Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dogru, Filiz Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kelleher, Allison Ramirez, Ray Johnsen, Lukas Cangealos, Jaci Description An account of the resource Filiz Dogru was born in Turkey, came to the United States in 1990, and settled in West Michigan in August 2003. He is a professor at Grand Valley State University and an active member of the Niagara foundation and the Turkish American Michigan society. He discusses how he never felt different until moving to West Michigan, although the Grand Rapids area is improving on diversity. Subject The topic of the resource Civil rights--Michigan--History Discrimination Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 application/pdf Relation A related resource Speaking Out: Western Michigan Civil Rights Oral History Project Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-03-21 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/348432f1c070a543045f9bd79e3c05ee.pdf 856eb5923cabb67e1bdb3570c214ca09 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans’ History Project Joseph Filko World War II, Korean War, Vietnam War 1 hour 2 minutes 41 seconds (00:00:06) Early Life and Enlistment -Born in 1921, in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania. -Father worked in a steel mill, and mother was a housewife. -Seven siblings. -Joined the military due to the lack of employment in the Depression. -A cousin in the Marines returned from China and this helped convince him to enlist to the Marines. -Entered the military in October 1939 at the age of 17. -Tough “break you down” training style. -Basic training lasted for 12 weeks. -Initially stationed at Fort Mifflin, Philadelphia. -Guarded the fort. -Across the street at the Navy yard the battleship Washington was being built. -Helped inspire him to put in for sea duty. (00:04:35) Mixed Topics: WWII, Korea and Vietnam -First time in combat – August 4th 1942 in Guadalcanal. -Attacked by kamikaze, sunk one of their aircraft carriers. -Personally involved in combat three times. -He was motivated to see the world, and so he desired to be on a ship. -Roughly 1940 at this time before Pearl Harbor was attacked by Japan. -The aircraft carrier at the time was using the old catapult takeoff, and a crane to load on planes. -His duration aboard the ship lasted two years. -The carrier travelled around the Guadalcanal and Iwo Jima areas. -Made some good friends, some of which are still in touch with him. -Most memorable experience – an unexpected torpedo attack. -After which they retreated to Pearl Harbor. -Some casualties from the attack. -The men were buried near Pearl Harbor at the Tonga. (00:10:00) -This took place early in his military career. -Life on the ship was pretty good. Barber shop, ice cream, showers. -Life on land was tense, always keeping your guard up. -Left the military after WWII. -Worked for the State Police of Pennsylvania, however it didn’t pay much. -At that time ex-Marines were paid $20 a week for 52 weeks while they searched for a new job. -Eventually he quit because the pay was so low. -Re-enlisted into the Marines and entered into the Korean War. -Did not use his G.I. Bill. �-Got married while he was still in the military. -Worked for the US Post Office later in life for 20 years. (20 years in the Marines as well) -He was considered for an officer position, but they reconsidered due to the fact that he had been in the “brig” in his first enlistment. -Was punished for retaliating against a superior that kicked him. -Ten days punishment in the brig. -Discharged in 1945, returned to the Marines in 1948, and finally discharged again in 1962. -Works with some of the Afghanistan war veterans to help them cope with PTSD. -At that time there was no assistance for PTSD when he suffered some of its consequences. -Symptoms such as restless nights, dreams, etc. -His son wished to enter the military however he wasn’t accepted due to asthma. -Four children. -Went on recruiting duty in Lansing. -Met his wife in Lansing. -She worked for the State of Michigan. -At that point he was in the Marines for about 15 years. -He spent about ten years overseas. Moved often. (00:20:00) -Son was born in North Carolina. -Received about 16 various medals: -Good conduct, American Defense, Korean Defense, WWII Victory, American Campaign, Asiatic Pacific Campaign, National Defense, United Nations Service, Navy Accommodations ribbon, Combat Action ribbon, Honorable Discharge ribbon, Presidential Unit Citation for Republic of Korea and Vietnam. -At the date of this interview he will be 94 as of August. -Taught marksmanship in the service. -At the time of the bombing of Japan, they were positioned to invade if necessary. -He visited Hiroshima after the War had ended. -It was still in a “horrible” state, even then. -Korea: it was “kill or be killed”. -Could be bitterly cold temperatures. -Flamethrowers and white phosphorous was a terrible weapon used in Korea. -His time in Korea was before the 38th parallel. -Reaction to the bombing of Japan – welcomed the fact that the War would be over. -His cousin that was in the Marines retired after a 20 year career as well. (00:30:00) -His parents did not favor his enlistment into the Marines. -Took a couple months of convincing them to sign the papers. -Never experienced sea sickness while on the ship. -Upon enlistment he was three or four months from turning 18. -Frequently communicated with his family by mail. -Military censored their mail for sensitive information. -After being discharged, the first time, they lived in Pennsylvania. -Lived in Lansing once he was discharged the second time. -His parents came from Czechoslovakia in Europe. �-Since they could not write English well his sister helped them write letters. (00:35:00) -Vietnam was the worst combat experiences of the various Wars he engaged in. -The gray blur between friend and foe, combatants and civilians made things difficult. -Went to Vietnam in 1961. -A colonel he knew from WWII was a captain in Vietnam. -This captain sent him back with a special unit to Okinawa. -Korean War was preferable in part because of the strong demarcation. -Everything across the Imjin River was declared to be a threat. -The local South Koreans loved the Americans because the Japanese treated them so badly. -The local Vietnamese were indifferent. Mainly concerned for food. -Ate C-rations for food. -His duration in Korea lasted 14 months. -Intended to be there for 9 originally. -Stationed at the 38th parallel, and crossed through some point. -General McArthur’s firing was frustrating for the troops. (00:44:00) At this point in the interview the discussion shifts to questions from the class. -Sleeping in the field was taken in shifts so someone could keep watch. -Korea was extremely cold. They put alcohol into the anti-freeze to keep it from freezing. -His role on the carrier ship was as an M.P. as well as manning the guns. -Extent of his war injuries – a slight shrapnel wound to the leg. -Leisure time, for fun they would re-assemble guns blindfolded, watch movies, went swimming off the ship in Fiji. -Marines taught them how to scuba dive, however it wasn’t necessary. -Heard about the Pearl Harbor attack while walking through New York. -Going aboard the USS North Carolina. -Believes the carrier that was sunk by their carrier may have been called the Ryujo. -Finds fault with the Japanese internment; the Germans or Italians had not been interned. (52:35:00) -Had the opportunity to become a sniper, however he had no interest. -Marine initiation aboard the carrier. -The “shellbacks” would initiate the “pollywogs”. -Shellbacks were crewman that had crossed the International Dateline. -Pollywogs were those that had not; novices. -If all three of the carrier guns were being fired at once, the decks must be cleared of all people. -20mm guns that were extremely volatile. (01:00:00) At this point various medals, photos, and certificates are displayed to the camera. -Favorite location he travelled to on his tour was Panama. -Spent 30 months in Panama. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_FilkoJ1829V Title A name given to the resource Filko, Joseph James (Interview outline), 2015 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-03-19 Description An account of the resource Joseph Filko was born in 1921 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. His military career would span 20 years and three separate wars. The financial climate of the Great Depression drove him to enlist in the Marines in 1939 at age 17. He wound up at Fort Mifflin, Philadelphia where the sight of the USS Washington inspired him to join on for sea duty. In 1942 his aircraft carrier was attacked by kamikaze at Guadalcanal. Initially Joseph left the military in 1945 after WWII ended, however working for the State Police offered little pay and so he re-enlisted in 1948. In Korea he was stationed at the 38th parallel and lasted for 14 months. As if that weren't enough he was also sent to Vietnam in 1961. After a period of some time he was sent with a special unit to Okinawa. Finally he was discharged for the last time in 1962. Joseph was decorated with a variety of 16 medals and ribbons for his career. Later in life he worked for the US Post Office for 20 years before retiring. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Filko, Joseph James Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Sarna, Lilly (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American United States. Marine CorpsOral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4b7e9657c7621933addd5961c7d48329.jpg f703b98603f1a3e04069348933fbf783 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection WGVC-TV 1970s Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1975 Title A name given to the resource Filming a discussion on the set of WGVC-TV Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_001540 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Description An account of the resource Student operating a camera while filming a discussion on the set of WGVC-TV. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges University television stations Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In copyright - Non-commercial use permitted.</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e56c81929ca7170a0057fcac8c7708f7.jpg a6af2d594b993793b82887a3cbc70b15 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection WGVC-TV 1980s Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980 Title A name given to the resource Filming of a WGVC-TV discussion Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_001531 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Description An account of the resource Person filming a discussion between two people with lights and microphones overhead on the set of WGVC-TV. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges University television stations Students Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In copyright - Non-commercial use permitted.</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/128f79a007d75e1362e9765e877d6e8e.jpg 4ed62794ff3ac42f6970237359c98c5c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1970s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_001456 Title A name given to the resource Final breakfast in Krakow, Poland Description An account of the resource In August 1975, Grand Valley, in collaboration with the Grand Rapids Polish Heritage Society and the Grand Rapids School System, sponsored a study tour to the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Grand Valley State College Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Students International students Poland Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1975-08 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives color photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f93333c2cb59ee99c6c3c4503e8a5b80.pdf a5e44a26412ab4fb49e7eb3111954861 PDF Text Text   Finally Comes the Poet By Walter Brueggemann (Fortress Press, Minneapolis, 1989) Review by Richard A. Rhem Minister of Preaching and Theological Inquiry Christ Community Church Spring Lake, Michigan Publication of Review Unknown Brueggemann has done it again; here is a book about preaching that makes one want to find a pulpit and preach. The Old Testament scholar, who in his many works so effectively breaks open the text, making it appear to be something out of today’s newspaper, addresses specifically the task of preaching. But this is not a typical book about preaching; it is an eloquent plea for creative, imaginative, daring preaching; not prosaic, moralistic, angry preaching, but poetic preaching that paints images of another alternative possibility for human life and human community. The manuscript was prepared and presented as the 1989 Lyman Beecher Lectures at Yale Divinity School. Brueggemann not only portrays vividly the preacher as poet, but presents models of interpretation of Old Testament texts that address the contemporary horizon of human experience into which the preacher is called to address the Word of God. In the Preface, Brueggemann writes: I have sought to address the crisis of interpretation the preacher faces in our culture, what has either dismissed or controlled the text. Preaching as an act of interpretation is in our time demanding, daring, and dangerous. (p. ix) Perhaps more poignantly than any biblical scholar writing today, Brueggemann brings into collision, in the being of the preacher, the text and the contemporary cultural situation. He contends, It is increasingly clear that what the text “means” for us is not simply a matter of exegesis, but concerns the larger ideological realities in our society that rob us of our capacity to speak, our capacity to care, and our capacity to notice. Preaching and interpretation, however, exist precisely for such situations. It is the task of preaching to provide a ground and energy for speech, care, and notice. (Ibid.) Brueggemann points to the present cultural situation as a “prose-flattened” world in which the gospel is readily heard and taken for granted as though it contained no © Grand Valley State University   �Brueggemann, Finally Comes the Poet, Review by Richard A. Rhem Page 2   unsettling news and no unwelcome threat; it has been “flattened, trivialized, and rendered inane.” His proposal is the practice of “another way of communication that makes another shaping of life possible.” The task demands a poet. Brueggemann reacts against our prose world “that is organized in settled formulae, so that even pastoral prayers and love letters sound like memos.” Rather, he calls for the poet whose language “moves like Bob Gibson’s fast ball, that jumps at the right moment.” The poet/prophet is a voice that shatters settled reality and evokes new possibility in the listening assembly. (p. 4) There are four partners who need to be present in the “speech meeting” so that “the new reality can be birthed,” the text, the baptized, the specific occasion for speech, and this better world given as fresh revelation. The meeting involves this old text, the spent congregation believing but impoverished, the artist of new possibility, the disclosure ... The newly claimed territory becomes a new home of freedom, justice, peace, and abiding joy. This happens when the poet comes, when the poet speaks, when the preacher comes as poet. (p. 11) In four chapters Brueggemann addresses the biblical word to the present cultural situation: Numbness and Ache (The Strangeness of Healing), Alienation and Rage (The Odd Invitation to Doxological Communion), Restlessness and Greed (Obedience and Missional Imagination), and Resistance and Relinquishment (A Permit for Freedom). In each chapter rich veins of biblical material are mined and interpreted so that the text powerfully addresses the situation of the baptized community of today. Woven throughout the fresh unwrapping of the biblical text is significant comment on the preacher’s task. The event of preaching is an event in transformed imagination. Poets, in the moment of preaching, are permitted to perceive and voice the world differently, to dare a new phrase, a new picture, a fresh juxtaposition of matters long known. Poets are authorized to invite a new conversation, with new voices sounded, new hearings possible. The new conversation may end in freedom to trust and courage to relinquish. The new conversation, on which our very lives depend, requires a poet and not a moralist. Because finally church people are like other people; we are not changed by new rules. The deep places in our lives - places of resistance and embrace - are not ultimately reached by instruction. Those places of resistance and embrace are reached only by stories, by images, metaphors, and phrases that live out the world differently, apart from our fear and hurt. The reflection that comes from the poet requires playfulness, imagination, and interpretation. The new conversation allows for ambiguity, probe, and daring hunch. It is only free people, in contexts of trust, who are able to walk close to the scandal, to be seen in its presence, to live by its gifts. (p. 109f) © Grand Valley State University �Brueggemann, Finally Comes the Poet, Review by Richard A. Rhem Page 3   Brueggemann insists that the preacher does not simply report the old conversation between God and Israel “as though submitting an old verbatim.” Rather, a conversation “now to be imagined, evoked, and shaped in this moment of speaking and hearing” is offered. For all who are called to preach and teach the word of God, Brueggemann offers a rare combination of rich biblical interpretation, sensitivity to contemporary culture and contagious awe before the preaching event.   © Grand Valley State University � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard A. Rhem Collection Description An account of the resource Text and sound recordings of the sermons, prayers, services, and articles of Richard Rhem, pastor emeritus of Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, Michigan, where he served for 37 years. Starting in the mid 1980's, Rhem began to question some of the traditional Christian dogma that he had been espousing from the pulpit. That questioning was a first step in a long and interesting spiritual journey, one that he openly shared with his congregation. His journey is important, in part because it is reflective of the questioning, the yearnings, and the gradual revision of beliefs that many persons in this part of the century have experienced and continue to experience. It is important also because of the affirming and inclusive way his questioning was done and his thinking evolved. His sermons and other written and spoken materials together document the steps in his journey as it took a turn in 1985, yet continued to revolve around the framework and liturgies of the Christian calendar. Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Religion Interfaith worship Sermons Sound Recordings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhem, Richard A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/514">Richard A. Rhem papers (KII-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 text/pdf Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. References Walter Brueggemann, Finally Comes the Poet, 1989. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RA-4-19910501 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991-05-01 Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Title A name given to the resource Finally Comes the Poet Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Perspectives: A Journal of Reformed Thought Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richard A. Rhem Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource eng Description An account of the resource Book Review created, delivered, or published by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on May 1, 1991 entitled "Finally Comes the Poet", on the book Finally Comes the Poet, written by Walter Brueggemann, it appeared in Perspectives, May 1991, p. 20f. Tags: Preaching, Scripture, Meaning, Faith Journey, Tradition. Scripture references: Walter Brueggemann, Finally Comes the Poet, 1989.. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Faith Journey Meaning Preaching Scripture Tradition https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/029b47a72687a7ce7505078d4bbee73b.mp3 41d5b6da142f59c71b68ac21bf2c0d3c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard A. Rhem Collection Description An account of the resource Text and sound recordings of the sermons, prayers, services, and articles of Richard Rhem, pastor emeritus of Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, Michigan, where he served for 37 years. Starting in the mid 1980's, Rhem began to question some of the traditional Christian dogma that he had been espousing from the pulpit. That questioning was a first step in a long and interesting spiritual journey, one that he openly shared with his congregation. His journey is important, in part because it is reflective of the questioning, the yearnings, and the gradual revision of beliefs that many persons in this part of the century have experienced and continue to experience. It is important also because of the affirming and inclusive way his questioning was done and his thinking evolved. His sermons and other written and spoken materials together document the steps in his journey as it took a turn in 1985, yet continued to revolve around the framework and liturgies of the Christian calendar. Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Religion Interfaith worship Sermons Sound Recordings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhem, Richard A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/514">Richard A. Rhem papers (KII-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 text/pdf Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Event Pentecost VIII Series The Human Story: Paradigms of Grace Scripture Text Isaiah 43:18-10, Revelation 21:3 Location The location of the interview Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01_RA-0-19950730 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1995-07-30 Title A name given to the resource Finally Home Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richard A. Rhem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Sermons Relation A related resource Richard A. Rhem - An Archive of Sermons, Prayers, Talks and Stories: http://richardrhem.org/ Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 Description An account of the resource A sermon given by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on July 30, 1995 entitled "Finally Home", as part of the series "The Human Story: Paradigms of Grace", on the occasion of Pentecost VIII, at Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI. Scripture references: Isaiah 43:18-10, Revelation 21:3. https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/74c9205851c268f86ef6104cfda30c30.pdf b7ca409332304fc7d9328f0d04b58f7d PDF Text Text Financial Aid and Scholarships Workshop The Women, Gender, & Sexuality Studies Department, Brooks Office of Integrative Learning and Advising, and Financial Aid Office invite you to discuss advising, financial aid, and scholarships. Questions about financial aid? Looking for scholarships? We are here to help! Friday, December 4th, 2015, at 1 p.m. Snacks provided � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Sexuality and Gender Flyers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center Women and Gender Studies Department Women's Commission Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity Description An account of the resource Digitized posters, flyers, event notices, and other materials relating to gender expression and sexuality at Grand Valley State University, with materials spanning from 1974 to 2019. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974/2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digitized from collections at the Rainbow Resource Center (formerly the Milton E. Ford LGBT Resource Center), Women and Gender Studies Department, Women's Commission, and Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Gender identity Gender expression Sexual orientation Women's studies Queer theory Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09_SGF_WGS_2015_Financial-Aid-Scholarship-Workshop.pdf Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-12-04 Title A name given to the resource Financial Aid and Scholarships Workshop Description An account of the resource Poster of the event, including a synopsis of it, as well as the location, time and date. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Brooks Office of Integrative Learning and Advising Financial Aid Office Subject The topic of the resource Women's studies Student aid Scholarships Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Department Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/20261f04405327808bf28fafcce88496.mp4 afec6c7445a37ade0ceeb2ba27cc2749 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4bb4d75eb7434c85ceb908c5e826047b.srt 547a6ce30286ca348d1fb312bc512e07 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley Media Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Description An account of the resource Collection of digitized audio and video from the Grand Valley State University Archives. The collection includes ceremonies, speeches, sports, promotional, and instructional media. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/637">Grand Valley State audiovisual media collection, (GV000-04)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Universities and colleges Michigan Rites and ceremonies Speeches Sports Promotional films Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV000-04 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4; audio/mp3 Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image; Sound Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2017 Moving Image A series of visual representations imparting an impression of motion when shown in succession. Examples include animations, movies, television programs, videos, zoetropes, or visual output from a simulation. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Financial Aid Fact Frames – Paying for College, 1988 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Description An account of the resource GVSC Financial Aid Fact Frames. This is a video in color. The first three and a half minutes consist of still images and text effects with a voiceover describing who is eligible for financial aid, how financial aid packages are put together, where to look for grants and scholarships, and when to start looking into financial aid. After this is a series of “fact frames” that viewers can pause to read. Each frame begins with a question related to financial aid followed by the answer. These consist of just text on the screen with no voiceover. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/637">Grand Valley State audiovisual media collection, (GV000-04)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Universities and colleges Michigan College publicity Educational films Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV000-04_PR_GVSU_1988-06-10_Financial-aid-fact-frames Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1988-06-10 Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4d220bf2c0d4e17c7e74eae56ec0f980.jpg 4d63fe343279bb02c35b2729dcfcc6ab Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_F127-0008 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-01-29 Title A name given to the resource Financial District, New York City, NY Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a man walking on a sidewalk in the Financial District of New York City, New York. In the photograph, he is dressed up and carrying a box while walking past a sign that reads, "Public Shelter, Capactiy 300." Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Financial District (New York, N.Y.) Sidewalks--New York (State)--New York Businesspeople Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d9492f43b197e01478b21f5da0b293fa.jpg 2a86b26f71229af7b8a7f0674812ab79 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_F128-0011 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-01-29 Title A name given to the resource Financial District, New York City, NY Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a sidewalk view of the real estate firm office building for Cushman and Wakefield, located in the Trump Building at 42 Wall Street in New York City, New York. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Financial District (New York, N.Y.) Wall Street (New York, N.Y.) Cushman & Wakefield (Firm : 2006) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/ec5eb5d76513ceb6665651960af5995e.jpg 5fe50735b0fab2e778084d951647f2f5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_F130-0013 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-01-29 Title A name given to the resource Financial District, New York City, NY Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a man working at a produce cart on Wall Street while another man passes by on the sidewalk in New York City, New York. In the photograph, the buildings for Trust America Bank, located at 37 Wall Street, and the offices for the Atlantic Mutual Insurance Company and U.S. Trust, located at 45 Wall Street, can be seen in the background. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Financial District (New York, N.Y.) Wall Street (New York, N.Y.) Produce stands--New York (State)--New York--1960-1970 Sidewalks--New York (State)--New York Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/14967c1f2f16c8683993aa0fd448a56e.jpg 9b1bbdb066c378f338b7edc4a756a0a6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_F130-0022 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-01-29 Title A name given to the resource Financial District, New York City, NY Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of the entryway to the New York Cocoa Exchange Inc. located at 92 Beaver Street in the Financial District of Manhattan in New York City, New York. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Financial District (New York, N.Y.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/124cac040dd1d5fe0e6b39437a1c746f.jpg f1637ed45fc017d5689b7c675ac73cd7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_F132-0009 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-01-29 Title A name given to the resource Financial District, New York City, NY Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a woman dressed up and posing on the sidewalk next to a marble entryway in the Financial District of New York City, New York. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Financial District (New York, N.Y.) Fashion Marble buildings Sidewalks--New York (State)--New York Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/cb27b40bf69106af6201c966c8aa0ea2.jpg 651707e46b29160c54edf0ec1645585c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_F132-0011 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-01-29 Title A name given to the resource Financial District, New York City, NY Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of the entryway to a store in the Financial District of New York City, New York. In the photograph, the storefront is open with a clothing display featuring women's clothing and a sign that reads, "Come In and Browse Around" in front of a staircase. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Financial District (New York, N.Y.) Clothing stores Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/54c3e4af330e9d377adcdc56952bda28.jpg f7bcd11e62ea76a5cf43ddfb83f62c27 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_F132-0017 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-01-29 Title A name given to the resource Financial District, New York City, NY Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a security officer standing guard inside a building in the Financial District of New York City, New York. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Financial District (New York, N.Y.) Security guards Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/db144b7f9182d3f94cee1d0598f4c577.jpg b735577a5f73e7c2583bb273de445158 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_F140-0003 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-02-08 Title A name given to the resource Financial District, New York City, NY Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of two men wearing uniforms while waiting on the sidewalk entrance to a building in the Financial District of New York City, New York. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Financial District (New York, N.Y.) Sidewalks--New York (State)--New York Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/64c5af81b8fdb17847ca052b66247212.jpg bd4d288f85d4f6ea35c3c6c4fdc37df4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_F140-0016 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-02-08 Title A name given to the resource Financial District, New York City, NY Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a young child waiting in a stroller next to a storefront in the Financial District of New York City, New York. In the photograph, there are two strollers parked next to a display of clothing fabrics for sale. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Financial District (New York, N.Y.) Children Baby strollers Textile fabrics Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/bb2048056edbd2522e4820e9369e1edf.jpg 39653ef768108b98447d869fad6dc6af Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_F140-0020 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-02-08 Title A name given to the resource Financial District, New York City, NY Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a storefront which appears to be run down and covered with concert posters and advertisements located in the Financial District of New York City, New York. In the photograph, the doors to the building are covered with posters, including multiple for "The Animals" concert at the Paramount Theatre in New York, which marked the British band's first American appearance. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Financial District (New York, N.Y.) Music posters Rock concerts Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives