287 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/362cb55397ef3338c704fb576f50d5dd.mp4 ff61c5c50c53fab3c6c2969e4ce2d3dc https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/25b1b6cf355a25b22102ace073639a46.pdf 72a9b57387c6beb7656161366b5138c3 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veteran’s History Project Jerry Gore Length of Interview (00:09:13) Background Born July 9, 1949 Served in the Vietnam War, Army Drafted into the Army Living in North Baltimore, Ohio During the time he was drafted, a Marine Sergeant picked which men would go into the Marines and who went to the Army, no choice Received a letter, was working at a rubber factory that made road seals Everyone was getting drafted during this time Tried to join the Navy, but wasn’t accepted Fort Gordon, Georgia, did training there in March into the summer Would run up a hill called Big Red, due to the red clay; it was terrible, horrendous It was tough getting used to being away from home, had to adapt Went through Advance Infantry Training in Fort Gordon Did Jungle Training  Used the forests and swamps to train  Remembers doing night maneuvers, could see water moccasins in the swamps  The training wasn’t for him, he was a just a kid from a farm town  Once, during training, snuck around to the “enemy” headquarters where they didn’t know what to do �In Vietnam, he was a Machine Gunner, M-16; also was a Tunnel Rat  Tunnel Rat is someone who goes down tunnels that may be hiding the enemy Always saw combat, but doesn’t want to talk about it Once was sent back to the rear to Base Camp where they had the hospital Had microscopic worms making him sick with fever  These things happened often because they were living in the jungle While he was recuperating, the Playboy Bunnies came in and took pictures with the GI’s  When they heard what he had, they just took right off Was never a POW Was awarded the Purple Heart (wounded), two Bronze Stars, Army Commendation with Vdevice for Valor, Air Medal for combat assaults in a helicopter, Good Conduct Medal, Combat Infantry Badge for the amount of time in combat, Vietnamese Medals for serving in Vietnam, Cross of Gallantry which he received later Wasn’t married before he left Used radio to stay in contact with his family  A ham radio operator would contact the States with a telephone operator who would then connect their call to the family Would usually eat C-rations, also smoked (they were very dry) Towards the end, had Warp Rations, basically dehydrated foods, which were pretty good The stress of carrying a backpack about 45 pounds, and a 20 or 30 pound gun through the jungle is memorable for Gore � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gore, Jerry (Interview outline and video), 2009 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gore, Jerry Description An account of the resource Jerry Gore was drafted into the Army during the Vietnam War in 1969. Having gone through Advanced Infantry Training, he served as a machine gunner and tunnel rat until he became too ill to fight. He states that he was in combat all the time, but chooses not to talk about it. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Bennett, Bradley (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings United States. Army Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009-11-08 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GoreJ0316V Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b6a635ab2dfd6f5046b3dd5c4310e447.mp4 cc09890d51a0b38e57b42dab60a8acb8 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/12eb6f940205cc7664f037b084a39445.pdf e3b41bea686fbef9dae004be762cf2f2 PDF Text Text William James College Interviews GV016-16 Interviewer: Barbara Roos Interviewee: Richard (Dick) Gottlieb Date: 1984 Part: 1 of 2 [Gottlieb] Here we are being informal, yes. [Barbara] Are we still rolling? [Unknown] Yes. [Julie] Um yeah, I was just wondering Barb… [Barbara] Okay, just a minute. [Unknown] Stop tape. [Julie] Of the kind of subject matter that you were teaching and not having this power to… [Gottlieb] Yeah, let’s see if she asks about that. [Barbara] Well, I am asking. Yes, please tell me what you guys are saying. [Gottlieb] Yeah. Teaching therapeutic process in a college classroom leads to certain kinds of reactions in students, lots of powerful reactions in students. And as long as there was institutional support for that to happen, as long as a student who would be upset by the material that is talked about in class, like, if we're talking about psychosis and a student either has a relative or they themselves have been severely disturbed, it brings it out. And as long as you have institutional support, you can teach it, and the student goes through that experience of stress, and realizes that they can survive and still learn about this material and not have to be crazy. If there isn't institutional support, then you get, yeah, you get crazy reactions. You get the craziness acted out. And I don't know if examples are a good idea, but probably not. [Barbara] Well, could you tell me what you mean by institutional support, because it just sounds like… [Gottlieb] Well, if a student is upset by something that happens in class and they talk to other faculty or they talk to the administration of the college and the message �they get is: "That's a serious issue, take it to the faculty and work it out.” I'm here, you want me to help, fine. But that's a serious educational question, take it back to your faculty. But if what they get is, "Oh, God, that sounds horrible! Write that down and complain about it," then what you have is students demanding to be comfortable in class and my experience is that teaching psychology or psychotherapy – specifically psychotherapy – you can't be comfortable and learn. You just can't be comfortable. The process of psychotherapy, even at the bachelor level, teaching psychotherapy is teaching something that will be bringing on stress if its ever practiced and to teach it in a stress-free environment is impossible, in my view. [Barbara] So, you did… you were able to teach it with institution support for a while? [Gottlieb] Yep, for long while. And when that changed was when the deans changed. There was not a sudden shift, it was a shift that flowed. It flowed in the direction away from support of faculty, in my experience, in the direction of making students experience Chevrolet-like. Acceptable to a wide range of students and… let me finish my thought. Acceptable to a wide range of students and not bothering anybody ever. And the sparkle went out in my view of the college at that point. What Julie? What? What? [Barbara] If you want to say something, say it loudly so the mic picks it up. [Julie] Well, it seems like a reflection of a conflict in the society, generally, about who should be doing what kind of work. People were saying that this kind of material shouldn't be taught on the bachelor level at all, but we’re reaching students now doing treatment throughout the city and facilities that hire bachelor level people to work directly with clients who are severely disturbed, but they're… [Gottlieb] Do you want me to say that? Or something about it? [Barbara] Yeah, use it. [Gottlieb] Okay. That's disgusting. [Barbara] That time we got it. [Gottlieb] Well, what you were just saying is whether or not it's legitimate to be teaching bachelor level people about psychotherapy and I think our experience in the last ten years in mental health indicates that it clearly is because bachelor level people provide therapeutic services all over. And increasingly do so. [Barbara] So why the change? Was it a decision on somebody's part or was it personalities or what? �[Gottlieb] No, I don't think it was personalities or a decision about whether or not to support. I think it was a decision at high administrative levels on the campus, that it was time Grand Valley State Colleges (newly called College) shall henceforth not piss anybody off. And I think at all levels of teaching that philosophy infected us. William James, I don't think, raised people's anxieties terribly much as a college, except people who were bothered by what seemed to be the enjoyment people had in their mission. And I think that kind of anxiety was untenable in the new Grand Valley, which was a place where nobody was supposed to be tense about anything. Everybody should be kind of copacetic. And they had undone Thomas Jefferson, and they had undone any sense of accomplishment – experimental accomplishment – on the campus. And everybody was trying to look as gray as possible so that nobody would take them out of the picture. And William James couldn't quite look gray enough and I think that's why it was closed. [Barbara] Um… [Gottlieb] So what I've just outlined is a kind of progression from the question I had to face there in teaching courses which encouraged nervousness to a college which encouraged nervousness. And there were advantages to being at William James and there were disadvantages to being at James and there were advantages to being in my class and disadvantages. And I think that in the five years I worked there until there was this shift I'm describing, I think I was getting to be a much better teacher. I think in the two years following that shift, I think I got to be a much worse teacher. [Barbara] That's my experience, okay. That's parallel to it exactly. Some people have said on tape that there were certain turning points in the history of the college which made it have to be closed and that one of the turning points was losing social work. Would you comment on that? [Gottlieb] Losing social work? When I was hired, I was asked to be the Director of the Social Work program and there were a lot of people at CAS… thank you Rich… a lot of people at CAS who were teaching in social work. So, I made the proposal that there should be co-chair with CAS, instead of just myself, and put that together and a woman, Ann Johnson [?] (she has long since disappeared) from CAS, and I became co-chair. The following term was shifted to CAS because that was seen as clearly duplicating services, somehow, that there were co-chair running the program. And or the following year, I guess, that was moved to CAS. The effect on the school, I thought, was minimal, actually. Professional education, as defined in the program, then moved to CAS, was limited and, I thought, bankrupt. �[Julie] We lost a lot of students because of the move. [Gottlieb] Yeah, but losing students isn't what caused the end of William James College. [Julie] No, not the end of William James College. [Gottlieb] That's what I'm commenting on. I don't think that Social Work going to the College of Arts and Sciences was at all a turning point for the school. I think we developed a social work curriculum within William James College that was really fine and… [Julie] The students didn't go to it? [Gottlieb] The students went to it! I don't know why you think students didn't go to it, my classes were filled. All of them, all the time. [Julie] Until the end? [Gottlieb] Julie, Social Work went to CAS in nineteen seventy-nine. Okay? We're talking two different stages here. When social work went to CAS, we sat up our own social work program, students came to it, it was fine; worked beautifully. The problem was that we were then being disallowed to be teaching some of the courses because that was, again, duplication. It was not simple to… it wasn't simple enough somehow to have two colleges teaching courses that had the same… somewhat similar content, anyway. And our students were being told not to take courses at William James. They were being told to take courses at CAS. It was not moving of the social work program; it was, I think, again, the administrative response which told students that William James was not the place to get their education. They were telling students who were currently enrolled, and they were telling incoming students. Just… testimonials don't mean diddley squat, but one student who came to me and said: "I came to the admissions office. I asked for a school that didn't give grades, I asked for a school that had a community in it, I asked for a school where you individually set up your own curriculum, and they sent me to CAS." And that was going on all over the place. I think movement of Social Work was symptomatic of that. I don't think it mattered… made any difference. [Barbara] I ask you to please summarize the essence of William James college very briefly. Like one or two sentences. [Gottlieb] Bob Burns, Robert Mayberry, Stephen Rowe, Margaret Proctor, Barry Castro, Wil Walko, et cetera, et cetera, et cetera. [Barbara] Okay, no two people – I ask this question to everyone – no two people have �given anything remotely resembling the same answer, which is wonderful. Whether it be… [Inaudible]. Why did you come to James? I don't mean your personal history; I mean, what was there for you? [Gottlieb] Julie and I were invited to interview. They wanted social workers. We were living in Detroit, and what we saw when we came here was a group of people… one of the people who interviewed us had his zipper down, couldn't uh…[laughter] and we found a group of people who were excited about something and I was working in a hospital at the time. Julie was not working, but we were both committed to the provision of services, and here was an opportunity to impact other people who might be providing service in the future. And I think we just got very excited by the kind of contagious quality of the place. What it had to offer us? A chance to do something meaningful. [Barbara] What do you miss? [Gottlieb] The most amazing thing is what I don't miss… about the campus. It's the only place I've ever been in – only physical environment I've ever been in – where after seven years (that's a long time), I had no attachment to the physical environment at all. Nothing. There wasn't a corner that I remembered fondly, or a stairwell that I remember sitting on. The place was so well designed as to be totally unattachable. It was wonderful, it was a marvelous place. What do I miss? I miss teaching. And so I don't exactly miss the students, I don't exactly miss the faculty, and I don't exactly miss classes but I miss teaching and that's all part of that. I liked teaching, and so that feels like a real loss. I still see a lot of people who were the faculty, and I still see a lot of people, actually, who were the students. Or people who might have been students. It was a quiet community. That's all I miss. A lot of things I don't miss. The sense of deterioration, the sense of being co-opted, piece by piece. A little chunk here, a little number there. Let's just change that rule. Let's just move that piece of… I hated it. You agree? [Barbara] Let us stop for a minute. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource William James College Interviews Description An account of the resource Videotaped interviews of William James College faculty, students and administrators by Barbara Roos. William James College opened in 1971 as the third baccalaureate degree granting college for Grand Valley. It was originally designed to be an interdisciplinary, non-departmentalized college consisting of concentration programs, rather than majors. Curriculum was organized around three concentrations that were meant to be interdisciplinary career preparation offerings: Social Relations, Administration and Information Management, and Environmental Studies. The college was discontinued in 1983 during a reorganization of Grand Valley. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/69">William James College faculty and student interviews (GV016-16)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Universities and colleges Oral histories Alternative education Interdisciplinary approach in education Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Roos, Barbara (Interviewer) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV016-16 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Language A language of the resource eng Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV016-16_GVSU_53_Gottlieb Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gottlieb, Richard Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Title A name given to the resource Richard Gottlieb interview (1 of 2, video and transcript) Description An account of the resource Interview with Richard "Dick" Gottlieb by Barbara Roos, documenting the history of Grand Valley State's William James College. William James College was the third baccalaureate degree granting college for Grand Valley. It was originally designed to be an interdisciplinary, non-departmentalized college consisting of concentration programs, rather than majors. The college opened in 1971 and was discontinued in 1983 during a reorganization of Grand Valley State. Richard Gottlieb was a Social Work faculty member at William James College and a co-director of the Social Work program at Grand Valley. In this interview, Richard discusses the closing of William James College, the movement of the Social Work program to the College of Arts and Sciences, and the essence of William James. Richard's wife and fellow social worker, Julie Gottlieb, can be heard off camera while joining in on the conversation. This interview is part 1 of 2 for Richard Gottlieb. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Roos, Barbara (Interviewer) Gottlieb, Julie Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Universities and colleges Oral histories Alternative education Social work education Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/69">William James College faculty and student interviews (GV016-16)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/21073b8a354436b292bff74ec4010b47.mp4 4b3f1f2f0e0752d5bb9f305f0cf7dd33 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2a43de6ab2a3ec1c1cd8ab5202ef1d6e.pdf ee0c5aef308a0fc8638903524ea5407f PDF Text Text William James College Interviews GV016-16 Interviewer: Barbara Roos Interviewee: Richard (Dick) Gottlieb Date: 1984 Part: 2 of 2 [Barbara] Something about the… you like teaching, so talk to me a little tiny bit about the teaching process and how it was Jamesian and how it wasn't… [Gottlieb] Oh, God. [Barbara] I'm getting criticism but there was positive because you miss it, and you haven't said why. You haven't really said why. That's it. [Gottlieb] Each class was an attempt to create something. I'm not an academician, I'm a therapist, and I would try to come into class hoping something would happen, without planning for something to happen. And I would have a general sense of what we were covering. Maybe, by the time I was there four years, I was even doing outlines for the term, with probably twenty or twenty-five lines to cover the description of the term. And sometimes I would even follow the outlines and I would sort of have a general sense of what going on… what I was trying to cover. But I would not read lectures, or write lectures, or anything. I would try to respond to the material as it generated in class and I got better at that. That's a clinical skill, too, and it helped me practice development of creative interaction, each class. And the students who were there during that loved it, and learned a lot, and are good clinicians, some of them now. And there are people… I guess, I get some confirmation about the quality of my teaching in that there are some people now who are well past their master’s now doing work in the local area, and all of the ones I find disgustingly horrible in their work are the people who had terrible problems in my classes. And I smile a lot about that, that seems right. And the ones who are lovely and helpful, didn't… or didn’t have prolonged trouble in my class. [Julie] You… [Gottlieb] What? [Julie] Loved you. [Gottlieb] Yeah or loved me. Okay, the only other thing I want to say is that I think that having a William James College in Western Michigan in the seventies and eighties was a mistake from the beginning. Interesting notion and interesting �experiment but idiotic. The idea that it would last even ten years, seems to me, was incredible and it should've just been moved to the east coast and allowed to grow. It certainly could not survive here. Ever. Only if it stayed small and manageable. And if it stayed small and unmanageable or large, I think it was doomed. And I think that was true from the beginning. [Barbara] Do you think we should have put up a fight, though? [Gottlieb] A fight? For what? [Julie] Yes, you did. [Gottlieb] For what? What kind of fight? What do you mean? [Julie] Do you think the students should be raising hell? [Gottlieb] Oh, the students, yes, but when you say "we" I think faculty. Yes, I think the students should have burned down the damn campus. But they didn't and that's why we closed. Students will get what they want, and they did, and they do. And so now Grand Valley is more populous than it ever was before. They have more students than they know what to do with. They're rich, they're happy, they're fat, they're ridiculous, they're horrible. And there's still good faculty there, teaching good courses to good students, but there's not that magic combination that was there before. [Barbara] Julie, you have to say something because we have you… he's talking to you and if we don't see you, it’s absolutely ridiculous. [Gottlieb] If you excuse me, I'm going to him. [Unknown] Mosquito on your left leg. Good shot. [Barbara] That’s a good shot. [Unknown] You can tell she's loving it. [Julie] I'm not… [laughter]. [Unknown] I know. [Barbara] You’re going to ask the second question. I’m going to ask the first one. You know her very best. You know what to ask her. [Gottlieb] Oh, okay. �[Julie] Well, you said I should say something about the essence of William James. [Barbara] Yes, I would like to hear it. [Julie] It makes me sad to think about it. I think, for me, the essence of William James was the people. The sense of community and learning, of people coming at things from different directions, and with different vocabularies, and coming to a common understanding. And that's what felt real important. [Barbara] Stop playing with the microphone cord! [Everyone] [Laughter] [Barbara] [Inaudible] Dick, do you have a question? [Gottlieb] How did you feel about… how do you fell about the way you were made part of the community, or not made part of the community? [Barbara] As an adjunct. [Gottlieb] As an adjunct faculty. [Barbara] Good question! [Gottlieb] Thank you. [Julie] It varied. It seemed that there were some people who were committed to not seeing me as a part of the college. But, generally, it seemed like I could be there, as much as I was willing to work to be there. And I felt accepted by the students. I felt like it could be my school, too. [Barbara] Were you accepted by the institution? [Julie] No, I don't think so. [Barbara] Because? [Julie] I don't know. It was always difficult for me to tell how much of that was me being reluctant to fully enter in, and how much of that really was the institution not being real welcoming. And… yeah, I don't know, I'm… [Barbara] I have one more question, which might draw a blank, but I'm going to ask it. Talking to Stephen, it's so clear that William James College really did embody the �philosophy of William James. Did you catch… how did catch that philosophy? Did you study James when you came? In other words, there was something that made the college work, which indeed embodied James's philosophy. I'm trying to figure out how we all learned it so fast when we didn't read James. [Julie] I don't know. What I think of when you ask the question is that we were asked before we interviewed, each of us, to write a statement of our teaching philosophy. And we did that knowing nothing about what the college was about. And it was a perfect match and that just felt real nice. It's like we discovered William James College and William James College discovered, or collected, people who already had that sense of William James philosophy within them. [Barbara] Indeed. The selection process was very important. It really was. It was absolutely critical. [Julie] We came to William James and we loved the faculty. When we came for that first interview, and it felt wonderful to be with those people. [Barbara] Perhaps we can stop so that we can let that stuff [Inaudible]. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource William James College Interviews Description An account of the resource Videotaped interviews of William James College faculty, students and administrators by Barbara Roos. William James College opened in 1971 as the third baccalaureate degree granting college for Grand Valley. It was originally designed to be an interdisciplinary, non-departmentalized college consisting of concentration programs, rather than majors. Curriculum was organized around three concentrations that were meant to be interdisciplinary career preparation offerings: Social Relations, Administration and Information Management, and Environmental Studies. The college was discontinued in 1983 during a reorganization of Grand Valley. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/69">William James College faculty and student interviews (GV016-16)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Universities and colleges Oral histories Alternative education Interdisciplinary approach in education Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Roos, Barbara (Interviewer) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV016-16 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Language A language of the resource eng Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV016-16_GVSU_54_Gottlieb Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gottlieb, Richard Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Title A name given to the resource Richard and Julie Gottlieb interview (2 of 2, video and transcript) Description An account of the resource Interview with Richard "Dick" Gottlieb and his wife Julie Gottlieb by Barbara Roos, documenting the history of Grand Valley State's William James College. William James College was the third baccalaureate degree granting college for Grand Valley. It was originally designed to be an interdisciplinary, non-departmentalized college consisting of concentration programs, rather than majors. The college opened in 1971 and was discontinued in 1983 during a reorganization of Grand Valley State. Richard Gottlieb was a Social Work faculty member at William James College and a co-director of the Social Work program at Grand Valley. In this interview, Richard discusses how the future of William James College was limited in West Michigan and his thoughts on the college's closing. Richard is later joined on camera by his wife and fellow social worker, Julie, who worked as an adjunct faculty in William James College and discusses the essence and importance of the William James community. This interview is part 2 of 2 for Richard Gottlieb. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Roos, Barbara (Interviewer) Gottlieb, Julie Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Universities and colleges Oral histories Alternative education Social work education Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/69">William James College faculty and student interviews (GV016-16)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3486be79fea7dcedefb37d396b2f9c73.pdf 2ba511fdef30df43dc2ecb6d243b8aeb PDF Text Text . - - - - - - �PLANNJNG COMMISSION RESOLUTION Z OF 2005 l1 is the intent of the Bingham Township Planning Commission to amend Resolution 1 of 2004 by adding the following language in order to clarify the intent of tJ1e Agricultural area designated on the Future Land Use Map. WIIBREAS, It is ilie intent of the Planning Commission that ilie "Agricultural" area designated on the Future Land Use Map be designated as the official "Agricultural Preservation " area; THEREFORE, the Planning Conm1ission has met its obligation according to Public Act 168 of 1959, by reviewing the existing Master Plan and hereby detennined the existing Master Plan continues to meet the Township's goals and objectives including the future development of the Townslrip and the area designated as "Agriculture" on 1he Future Land Use Map is intended to be designated as "Agricultural Preservation" and tl1e map which is hereby modified. Approved and effective this 1s' of September, 2005. ,,, . ..._ �Approved as corrected 9-2-10 BINGHAM TOWNSHIP PLANNING COMMISSION Regular Meeting Minutes August 5, 2010 1. Call to Order Mike Park, Chairman, called the Bingham Township Planning Commission Meeting to order on Thursday, August 5, 2010, at 6:30 p.m at the Bingham Township Hall, 7171 S. Center Highway, Traverse City, Ml. Roll Call Present: Mike Park, Will Bunek, Mary Bush, Cathy Jasinski, Midge Werner Absent and excused: Dennis Grant, Bob Gregory Staff Present: Kathy Egan, Planner; Steve Patmore, Zoning Administrator 2. Agenda Approval Cathy Jasinski/moved, Mary Bush/supported, PASSED, to approve the Agenda as presented. 3. Approval of Minutes May 6 1 2010 Midge Werner/moved, Will Buneklsupported, PASSED, to approve the May 6, 2010 Minutes as amended CORRECTED at this meeting as follows: Pg. 1 - showed the trees on the site plan; New Conditions - Retail or other sales shall be clearly incidental and directly related to the conduct of the home business. Hours of retail sales shall not be earlier than 10:00 a.m. nor later than 8 p.m. Pg. 6 - not land which is accessible. June 3, 2010 Will Buneklsupparted MOVED, Midge Werner/supported, PASSED, to accept the June 3, 2010 Minutes as presented. 4. Public Comment Marita Somero indicated she has reviewed the Suttons Bay Township noise and junk ordinances, and is asking that the Township not follow Suttons Bay Township's ordinances. Administration of such ordinances increases costs to the Township, creates discord among the community and the possibility of litigation. 5, Conflict of Interest There were no conflicts of interest. 6. Items for Consideration a. Master Plan Review Kathy Egan requested that the Commission discuss whether or not the master plan needs updating (amendments), needs to be replaced (a new plan), or is still current and adequate. Comments from the Commissioners - wait a year until census information (demographics) is available, consider updating the plan which is 12 years old, need a survey, request that the Township Board add monies to the budget to update the master plan, and through the Grand Vision, monies may be available to update the master plan. Will Buneklmoved, Midge Werner/supported, PASSED, to indicate the Planning Commission has reviewed the comprehensive land use plan, and although there are areas that could be updated, the Commission finds that the basic conclusions and goals in the plan are still valid. Bingham Township Planning Commission Meeting Minutes August 5, 2010 Approved as corrected 9-2-10 Page 1 of 2 �Approved as corrected 9-2-10 b. Rural Residential Map Steve Patmore indicated approval has been given to purchase a rural residential map for $100.00. c. Zoning Ordinance re-organization update Kathy Egan provided the Commissioners with a copy of the newly reprinted Zoning Ordinance. The Township's attorney has reviewed the Zoning Ordinance Re-organization amendment and noted that the land division and subdivision ordinance provisions for the township should be updated. d. New Designs for Growth Kathy Egan indicated the Commissioners will be provided a copy of the New Designs for Growth Guidebook, further she is requesting that a dvd subscription of educational topics for the Commission Members be purchased. 7. Communications and Reports a. Chairman - No report was submitted from the Chairman. b. Zoning Administrator Steve Patmore, Zoning Administrator, submitted written reports for June and July 2010. Mr. Patmore indicated Barb Coye mailed information regarding Lawrence Lake to the Planning Commission which will be retained in the file. Mr. Patmore provided a comparison of private road standards - Leelanau County, and Bingham Site Plan Review Applicability for the Commission's review. c. Planner Kathy Egan indicated the new reorganized Zoning Ordinance will be put on the County's website. d. Township Board -The May 17, 2010 Township Board Minutes were provided to the Commission. e. Commissioners - There was no report from Commissioners. 8. Items for Consideration for the September 2, 2010 Meeting Items for consideration - rural residential, private roads, and site plan review. 9. Public Comment There was no public comment. 10. Adjournment Cathy Jasinski/moved, Midge Werner/supported, PASSED, to adjourn the meeting at 7:30 p.m. Respectfully submitted, Marge Johnson, Recording Secretary Reviewed by staff 8-16-10 Approved as corrected 9-2-10 Bingham Township Planning Commission Meeting Minutes August 5, 2010 Approved as corrected 9-2-10 Page 2 of 2 �-) \ -l l i COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Bingha.m Township Prepc:a.reci for: -l I TOWNSHIP OF BINGHAM 7 Tro.verse City, Michigo.n I 1une 1999 Project N 0. E14877 ...I. Prepc:a.reci by: GOVE ASSOCIATES INC.@ 1601 P0rto.ge Street Ko.lo.mo.z00, Michigo.n ..J. ..J. -- �~, ~1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 ' -iI Bingham Township Comprehensive Plan Planning Commission Ross Ard, Chair Don Kiessel, Vice Chair Midge Werner, Secretary Bill Grant Dorothy Petroskey Bob Gregory Cathy Jasinski Diane Kiessel, Recording Secretary I """"I Board ...J ...J ...J ' Harry F. Sanborn, Supervisor Carol L. Groesser, Clerk Judy Petroskey, Treasurer Ronald Collins, Jr. Midge Werner �------------------1 Table of C0?1.tents INTRODUCTION The Planning Process .....................................................................................i Summary of Document ................................................................................ii PART I - COMMUNITY PROFILE Physical Features Location ............................................................................................... I - I Natural Features ..................................................................................... I -2 Social Features ' -ii Introduction ...........................................................................................2-1 Population Trends ................................................................................2- I Migration ...............................................................................................2- I /vg,e Composition ...................................................................................2-2 Household Occupancy and Composition .................................................2-3 Value of Housing ...................................................................................2-5 Edu~~ion and Occupation ......................................................................2-6 Location of Employment .........................................................................2-8 Income ..................................................................................................2-9 Community Facilities Introduction ...........................................................................................3-1 Fire Protection ...................................................................................... .3-1 Schools ................................................................................................. .3- I Parks and Recreation ..............................................................................3-1 Library ...................................................................................................3-2 Utilities ..................................................................................................3-2 Transportation .......................................................................................3-2 ...J Existing Land Use Introduction ...........................................................................................4- I Land Use Classifications ..........................................................................4- I Trends and Analysis ................................................................................4-2 Subdivision of Land .................................................................................4-4 BinehCLm Tciwnship Comprehensive PlCLn I �-----------------1 Ta.hle of Contents - PART II - PLAN Goals Community Survey ................................................................................. 5-1 Citizen Planning Committees .................................................................. 5-I Issue Identification ...................................................................................5- I Goals and Objectives ..............................................................................5-2 Future land Use Introduction ...........................................................................................6-1 Population and Housing Projections ......................................................... 6- I The Future Land Use Plan ...................................................................... 6-3 Future Land Use Distribution .................................................................. 6-8 Build-Out Analysis of the Future Land Use Map ........................................ 6-9 Implementation Introduction ........................................................................................... 7-1 Implementation Schedule ........................................................................ 7-2 APPENDIX A- Survey Results / Citizen Planning Committee Reports APPENDIX B- Population Projections APPENDIX C- Design Standards - - - .... - Bin1ha.m Township C:lmprehensive Pla.n - �-1 Introduction The Planning Process i 7 -I ...J The purpose of a community plan is to provide guidance to public and private decision makers with regard to future changes in land use and the allocation ·of resources. What Is a Comprehensive Plan? - A comprehensive plan contains information about physical and social features, community facilities, existing land use and economic trends. The plan identifies key planning issues and then establishes goals and actions to address the issues. A future land use plan also becomes part of the recommendations section and guides local officials when making future zoning and land development decisions . - Assessment of existing conditions and future needs Guide to Planning Commission, Township Board, other decision makers Guide for future land use, traffic circulation, community facilities Informational resource listing of community goals Document that considers land uses and factors beyond municipal borders ...J The Planning Commission is the body responsible for developing and adopting the comprehensive plan. It is suggested, but not required, that the Township Board also consider adopting the plan. Amendments to the adopted plan are also the responsibility of the Planning Commission. Why Plan? ...L - ..!. Ensure compatibility of different land uses Provide necessary public utilities and facilities Provide open spaces and natural resources Provide safe traffic circulation Expand economic opportunities Provide areas for quality housing options Prepare for new private developments Guide future development The Plan for Bingham Township was prepared in 1998-1999, with the assistance of many individuals and groups from throughout the community. Citizen Planning Committees in conjunction with the Planning Commission, Township Board, and Township Staff worked with a planning consulting firm in preparing the Plan. This Plan is not a zoning ordinance but will guide future changes to the Township Zoning Regulations. �As the community The Comprehensive Plan is not. ...••. develops and matures, - Permanent - it should be reviewed every 5 to I Oyears Bingham Township will - Inflexible - it can be amended need to update its goals -Alaw and recommendations for - A zoning map - it is a guide for future zoning decisions - A basis for property tax assessment future development and redevelopment. It is suggested that a comprehensive plan be updated every five years in a fast growing community and every IO years for slower growth areas. How to Use this Plan The Bingham Township Comprehensive Plan is broken into two parts. Part I Community Profile, includes four sections: Physical Features, Social Features, Community Facilities and Existing Land Use. These sections focus on current community statistics and trends. Part II - Plan and Implementation has three sections: Issues and Public Input, Goals and Objectives, Land Use Plan, which discuss the community vision and goals for the future and sets forth specific land use needs. This Plan is to be used as a guide for future decisions by the Planning Commission, Township Board, Township Staff, business people, residents, nonprofit organizations and developers. The governmental boards and staff should be familiar with the goals and objectives defined in Section 5, and the details of the future land use proposals in Section 6. They should also develop and follow a "reasonable" work program, using the Implementation Program Schedule, to identify the particular actions that are deemed of highest priority for the given budget year. Nongovernmental groups or individuals also should be knowledgeable of the contents of the Plan. Businesses, in particular, should attempt to make decisions about capital investment and future development based upon the guidelines of the Plan. It is important for the welfare of the Township, however, that both businesses, private individuals and groups provide constructive feedback to the Planning Commission on issues of development. This communication will assist Bingham Township assess the current needs of the Community. II - - - - - �,...., J'hysica.l Fea.tuz-es Socia.I Fea.tuz-es r -. ,.... 1 ' - - · Community Pea.tuz-es Existing L:Lnc:l 'Use , �'Physica.1 Fea.tures �---------------111 Section 1 Location ...J Bingham Township is located in eastern Leelanau County, bordered by Lake Leelanau in the west and Grand Traverse Bay in the east. The Township shares borders with three surrounding townships, including Centerville Township to the west, Suttons BayTownship to the north, and Physiccil Fecitures Elmwood Township to the south. The Village of Suttons Bay is one and one-half mile north of the northern border of the Township. The county seat, in the Village of Leland, lies eight miles northwest of the Township. Traverse City is the dominant metropolitan center of the region and lies seven miles to the south. MAP 1-1 - LOCATION LEELANAU COUNTY BINGHAM TOWNSHIP .,.l. ..L \ .J- J.... @ Sinehe1m T0wnship C::0mprehensive Plc,.n 1-1 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _,.., Section 1 - PhysicCLl FeCLtures Natural Features Bingham Township is located in a region that is rich in the quality and quantity of its natural resources. The general climate of the area, the composition of local soils, the predominant vegetation, and the quality and extent of both surface and groundwater all determine the ability of the Township to maintain a healthy environment. Unplanned development of the Township will place increasing pressures on these resources. Because of the importance of these natural resources to the region's economy, future development needs to be sensitive to potential impacts upon the environment. The following describe these natural elements, so that they may be taken into consideration as the Township grows. Because of the importance of these natural resources to the region's econom7, future development needs to be sensitive to potential impacts upon the environment. Topography - As with much of the Great Lakes Region, glaciation has formed the landscape of Bingham Township. The glaciers have piled .up .rocks, gravels and sediments to form hills, called moraines. These moraines dominate the central portion of the Township, sloping down toward the east and west. Over one-third of the Township has slopes greater than 12 percent (See Map 1-3). Steep terrain can @ Bineha.m Township Comprehensive Pl I provide significant challenges to traditional development. Vegetation - Most of Bingham Township was originally covered by a mixture of deciduous and coniferous forests. The area was heavily lumbered in the late nineteenth century depleting much of the original forest cover. Various species of hardwoods still exist throughout the area including Beech, Sugar Maple, Ash, Walnut, Hickory and Oak.. Woodlots are primarily second growth areas and are generally located on poorly drained, mineral soils, or on steeply sloped areas. The woodlands are an important resource for the Township, providing habitats for wildlife and contributing to the rural character of the area. Wetlands/Water Resources - Bingham Township is split between two minor watersheds: the Lake Leelanau Watershed on the west and the Grand Traverse Bay Watershed to the east. Lake Leelanau, which forms the western border of the Township, is divided north and south by the "narrows" at the Village of Lake Leelanau. The southern A watershed is the Io.nd area that contributes runoff to a stream, river or Jake. portion of the lake is the largest, comprising nearly 5,400 acres. The lake flows south to north through the narrows, ultimately draining into Lake Michigan. The lake currently has high water quality as 1.i - - - - - - �---------------11 Section 1 - ~l along the Bay shore and Lake Leelanau amounts of algae and aquatic plant growth. shore. Wetlands contribute significantly to Wirt.er the health and vitality of the environment. quality is showing signs of to an increased amount of nutrients running Wetlands clean water by settling out sediments and breaking down nutrients and off of the land. Human activity and land use other contaminants. have a direct affect on the type and amount important habitats for a variety of wildlife and native vegetirt.ion. of nutrients that are delivered to the lake. Human activit7 and land use have a direct a:f:fect on the t7pe and amount o:f nutrients that are delivered to the lake. I ,-Ii They also serve as Soils - Soils are the building blocks that define the types of activities that can be sustained on the land. Soils determine the types of vegetation and drainage that occur nirt.urally. I 1 I characterized by clear water and low deterioration in recent years, however, due -/ Physiccd Fee1tures The eastern border of the Township is They also delineate the types of crops that defined by the West Arm of Grand Traverse can be planted and the location and density Bay. Grand Traverse Bay is one of the few of buildings, roads and other man-made remaining oligotrophic (high water quality) structures. Soil classifications (made up of a bays in the Great Lakes. It has a length of 32 mixture of basic soil types) have been miles and a maximum width of IO miles. identified The bay has over 130 miles of shoreline, Conservation Service in the Soil Survey of Leelanau County, Michigan. which contain numerous public parks and and mapped by the Soil beeches. There are 24 different soil types within the Wetlands, as defined by the National Township. Wetlands Michigan own unique characteristics, including limita- Resource Information System, are found tions for development, recreation and throughout the Township but are particularly agriculture. These soil types are a part of the concentrated around the area's rivers and one of three soil associations: the East Lake- lakes (see Map 1-3). Both Lee and Mebert Eastport-Lupton Creeks have large wetland complexes along Leelanau association, or the Leelanau- their channels. Additional wetlands are found Mancelona association. For the most part, Inventory and the Wetlands clean water b7 settling out sediments and braking down nutrients and other contaminants. f_,_· Each of these types has their association, Emmet- these associations are characterized by welldrained, sandy soils. 1 1 ~ '--,,.-,.,.-..-__, _. .,•.._--_.l.,--,c--~----...--... -...-..,~-s-.-~--. - - - - - - . . . . I ,j @ SinehCLm Tc:iwnship C:c:imprehensive Pla.n I.J �-----------------11 Section 1 - Physiccd Fea.tures - Map 1-2 shows areas classified as prime farmland by the U.S. Department of - Agriculture. Prime farmland soils are defined as those best suited to produce food, feed, - forage, fiber and oilseed crops. These soils have properties that are favorable for production of sustained high yields of crops. This designation is based solely on soil type and topography. Map 1-2 also shows Act I 16 farmland. Public Act I 16, known as the Farmland and Open Space Preservation Act, creates a set of incentives for landowners to keep farmland - in production while discouraging further development. According to the Department of Natural Resource 1s Real Estate Division, Bingham Township has over 1,600 acres currently under the program. Map 1-3 show areas in the Township where - soil and topography may impact development. This impact comes from a variety of sources, such as the presence of wetlands, poor permeability of soils, and improper engineering properties for building develop- - ment. These classifications are intended for general planning purposes only. Decisions on the uses of specific tracts of land should refer to the original source material: Soil Survey of Leelanau County, Michigan, Soil - Conservation Service, 1973. @ Binehcun Township Comprehensive Pl 1-4 - �MAP 1-2 Prime Farmland Soils and Land Protected under Act 116 - I I Prime Farmlands • Prime Farmland Act 116 Farmland by Expiration Date - SOURCE: Soil Survey of Leelanau Co., USDA Soil Conser1ation Service, 1973 Act 116 Farmland from Ml DNR Real Estate Division • • • • 12/31/1999 12/31/2000 12/31/2001 12/31/2002 0 Temporary �MAP 1-3 Development Limitations Due to Soils, Slope, or Presence of Wetlands - I I Slopes and Septic Field Limitations are derived from - the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service LEGEND Slopes greater than 12% Composite Wetlands Soil Limitations on Septic Fields Watershed Boundary as compiled by the Northwestern Michigan Council of Governments. This map should be used for general planning purposes only Wetland information is compiled from three sources: 1) National Wetland Inventory 2) U.S. Soil Conservation Service Soil Survey of Leelanau County-hydric soils and soils with hydric inclusions and/or components 3) Michigan Resource Information System (MIRIS) Land Cover interpretation from 1990 aerial photographs All other map features produced by MIRIS (1978) PLEASE NOTE: This map has not been field checked and should be used for planning purposes only. �Socia.I Fea.tures - �1 I ------------------ti Section 2 -Socictl Fecttures Introduction This section of -~he Comprehensive Plan provides information about the population, housing, social and employment characteristics of- Bingham Township. By examining these factors_ for the Township and the surrounding communities, a clear picture of demographic conditions will emerge. Understanding these conditions provides a valuable insight into future needs in housing and land development. Population Trends Table 2-1 shows the historic population trends for Bingham Township and Leelanau County ,..from 1940 to 1994. Table 2-1 shows that the Township grew a total of 268 percent over the period, over twice the rate of Leelanau County. In fact, the Township experienced the largest population change in Leelanau County between 1980 and 1990. Figure 2-1 shows graphically the change in population in the Township during this period and shows the proportion of the County population the Township represents. Both - ·the Co• nty and the Township ·underwent rapid growth after 1940, but the Township's population has steadily increased its percentage of the total county population, particularly since 1960. The Township continued to grow through the 1980s as indicated by the 1990 census. However, the 1994 population estimate released by the Bureau of the Census showed that Bingham Township's population growth has slowed during the early 1990s. Alter 1940 the Count7 and the Township hotb underwent rapid powtb, hut the Township's population bas stoadil7 increased in percentage of tho total Count7 population, particularl7 since 1960. Migration Migration is the rate that the population moved into and out of the Township. Table 2-2 shows migration in Bingham Township between 1985 and 1990, the most recent data available. During this Leelanau County SOURCE: - - TABLE 2-1 - HISTORIC POPULATION TRENDS Bingham Township - 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 1994 % Change 564 563 625 916 1,546 2,051 2,073 268 8,436 8,647 9.321 10,872 14,007 16,527 18,122 115 - 1940-1990 U.S. Census of Population @ Bineha.m T0wnship Comprehensive Pl 2-1 �---------------1 Section 2 -Socicd Feo.tures I TABLE 2-2 - MIGRATION (1990 BY PLACE OF RESIDENCE IN 1985) Bingham Township Leelanau County # % of Total # % of Total Persons 5 Years and Older 1,866 100.0 15,280 100.0 Lived in Same House 1,103 59.1 8,553 56.0 In Leelanau County 295 15.8 2,511 16.4 Different County in Michigan 376 20.1 3,249 21.3 Different State 86 4.6 896 5.9 6 0.3 71 0.5 Residence in 1985 Lived in Different House Outside of United States in 1985 SOURCE: 1990 U.S. Census of Population period, nearly 60 percent of the population remained in the same location. Of the 40 percent that did• move, 15.8 percent moved within the County, with the remaining 20 percent moving from outside the County. Of the new residents moving to the Township, nearly 5 percent come from out-of-state. Overall, residential migration out of the Township is less than the County, reflecting a greater stability and propensity for long-term residency among Township residents. Age Composition The needs and lifestyles of individuals differ among age groups, and the demands for retail goods and services as well as public or institutional programs change in concert. @ Bineha.m Tc:iwnship C!c:imprehensive Pl Table 2-3 shows the composition of the population by age group for the Township, County and the State. Leelanau County has an older population overall, with a higher percentage of residents who are over 55 years of age and a higher median age. Bingham Township, however, showed lower percentages in these age groups, having more residents in the younger age groups. The Township can expect a rise in the median age, however, over the next IO years. The increase in median age follows a national trend, as members of the 11 baby boom" generation age toward retirement early next century. Tbe Township can ezpect a rise in the median ago over the nezt to years. - ....... - ..._- ,_ - - . - ,., . _., ,- ,~ . 2-2 �----------------11 Section 2 -Social Features TABLE 2-3 - AGE DISTRIBUTION (Bingham TOWNSHIP AND Leelanau COUNTY) Age Group Under 5 Years % of Total 5-17 Years % of Total 18-20 Years % of Total 21-24 Years % of Total 25-44 Years % of Total 45-54 Years %ofTotal 55-64 Years % of Total 65+ Years % of Total Total MedianAge ·. SOURCE: Bingham Township Leelanau County State of Michigan 185 9.0 436 21.2 50 2.4 62 3.0 725 35.3 190 9.3 177 8.6 226 11.0 2,051 1,247 7.5 3,089 18.7 469 2.8 595 3.6 5,172 31.3 1,764 10.7 1,724 10.4 2,467 14.9 16,527 702,554 7.6 1,756,211 18.9 449,966 4.8 554,561 6.0 2,980,702 32.1 948,119 10.2 794,723 8.5 I, 108,461 11.9 9,295,297 34.2 36.5 32.6 - - 1980/1990 U.S. Census of Population Household Occupancy and Composition The number and type of households within the Township influence the social and economic dynamics of the Township and consequently impact the quantity and character of land development. Households are the standard unit of measurement for evaluating and projecting the number of housing units, retail sales and community facilities and services. Table 24 shows the number of households in Bingham Township from 1980 to 1990. During the 1980s, households in the Township increased at an average annual rate of 3.3 percent, which matches the population growth during this period. The @ BinehCLm Township Comprehensive Pl annual household growth has remained the same during the 1990s, with the number of estimated housing units nearing 1,300. Average household size also has remained steady during this period, with 2.02 persons per unit. Most year-round Township residents (82.5%) live in the homes they own, a slight drop from 1980 levels. This indicates stability in the housing stock of Bingham Township, since residents currently living in or moving to the Township prefer to own their homes. Thirty percent of households in the Township are not occupied yearround, however, reflecting the recreational nature of the region. The proportion of 2-3 - - �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___., Section 2 -SociCLl FeCLtures TABLE 2-4- HOUSING UNITS 1980- 1998 1980 1990 1998* Total Units 765 1,017 1,274 Occupied (Year-round) Units 533 718 NA 69.7 70.6 457 590 85.7 82.5 76 128 14.3 17.8 % of Total Owner-Occupied % of Occupied Renter-Occupied % of Occupied NA NA • Building Permit Data from Bingham Township: 1990-1998 SOURCE: 1980/1990 U.S. Census of Housing and Social Characteristics renter-occupied units increased between 1980 to 1990. and married couple households compared to the County. The composition of a household depends upon the number of people living within a residence as well as the relationship between them. A household may consist of a married couple with or without children, a single parent with children, two or more unrelated people living in a dwelling and sharing household responsibilities, or a person living alone. The number of married couple families with children under I 8 years of age is also proportionally higher, further supporting the trend. The Township has a lower proportion of single parent households than the County, however, a higher percentage of these households have children under the age of 18. Table 2-5 depicts the composition households in the Township and County, · and ·-reflects a ·· number characteristics and trends that should considered in planning for the future. of the of be In general, the Township appears to be a family-oriented community. This is reflected in the higher percentage of family @ Binehc:nn Township Comprehensive Plan In general, tbe Townsbip appears to he a family-oriented community. This is reflected in tbe bi&ber percentage of :family and married couple households compared to tbe County. R �l .l -----------------11 Section 2 -SociCLl FeCLtures TABLE-2-5 - HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION Bingham Township Leelanau County Number of Households 732 6,312 Family Households 595 4,797 81.3% 76.0% 534 4,148 89.7% 86.5% 278 l,n9 46.7% 42.9% 39 464 6.5% 9.7% 28 298 71.8% 64.2% 137 1,515 18.7% 24.0% % of Total Households Married Couples % of Families With Children Under I 8 % of Married Couple Families Female Head of Household % of Families With Children Under 18 % of Female Household Families Nonfamily Househoids % of Total Households - - SOURCE: 1990 U.S. Census of Population Value of Housing In 1980, the median value of a home in the Township was about 9 percent greater than the median housing value in the County. By 1990, the proportion had been cut in half, indicating housing values in the Township are not increasing as rapidly as other areas of the County. The median market value of owneroccupied homes is a good indicator of both housing quality and demand. Table 2-6 shows the median value in the Township and County for 1980 and 1990. TABLE 2-6 - BINGHAM TOWNSHIP MEDIAN OWNER-OCCUPIED HOUSING VALUE 1980 1990 % Change Bingham Township $53, I 00 $76,300 43.7 Leelanau County $48,600 $73, I 00 50.4 - - - SOURCE: 1980, 1990 U.S. Census of Housing @ Sineha.m Township Comprehensive Pl - 2-5 - �------------------11 Section 2 -SociCLI FeCLtures Although rental housingcomprises·only 18 percent of the housing stock, it nonetheless contributes to the perception of housing quality in the Township. While contract rent is another indicator of housing quality, it is also indicative of the availability of supply and the extent of local demand for rental units. Table 2-7 depicts the median contract rents paid to landlords in the Township and County in 1980 and 1990. As Table 2-7 indicates, rents in the Township are considerably higher than in the County. County and Township rents have risen over 30 percent after adjusting for inflation during this ten year period. This increase implies that the supply of rental housing in the region is not keeping pace with demand. -., Education ·and ·Occupation Among the factors that define the ability of an individual or a household to be financially productive and contribute to the quality of life in . their . community, are formal education and occupation. Typically, a person's occupation is related, directly or indirectly, to the level and type of his or her formal education. Table 2-8 lists the educational characteristics of Township and County residents. The level of education in the Township was generally higher than in the County, with a higher percentage of residents having college and graduate degrees. TABLE 2-7 - MEDIAN MONTHLY CONTRACT RENT 1980 1990 % Change Bingham Township $245 ($414*) $543 31.2 Leelanau County $ I 83 ($309*) $414 34.0 *Rent in 1990 dollars. SOURCE: 1980, 1990 U.S Census of Housing @ Bineha.m. T0wnship C0m.prehensive Pl I �------------------.1 Section 2 -Socicd Fecitures Occupational · characteristics are closely associated with educational levels. The higher a person's formal education, the more likely he or she is to be employed in higher paying professional or executive/ managerial occupations. Table 2-9 compares the occupational characteristics of the Township and the County. The higher educational levels in the Township are reflected in the distribution of occupations. I · A higher percentage of the population are employed in executive, administrative, managerial, and professional occupations. Farming occupations make up less than 5 percent of those employed ·in the Township, however the County has a larger proportion of farming occupations overall. - - TABLE 2-8 - EDUCATION ATTAINMENT - PERSONS 25 YEARS AND OLDER Highest Educational Level Attained - Bingham T ownshhip - Leelanau County - Less than 9th Grade % of Total 9-12 Grade/No Diploma % of Total High School Graduate % of Total Some College or Associate Degree % of Total Bachelors Degree % of Total Graduate/Professional Degree % of Total 65 634 4.9 5.7 1,024 107 8.1 9.2 417 3,532 31.6 31.7 3,251 383 29.5 29.2 1,767 218 15.9 16.5 919 128 9.7 8.2 SOURCE: 1980/1990 U.S. Census of Population - General Social and Economic Characteristics - - @ Bineha.m Township Comprehensive Pl 2-7 - �-----------------11 Section 2 -Social Features I TABLE 2-9 - OCCUPATIONS Number of Persons Employed Executive, Administrative, Managerial 125 %ofTotal 12.4 Professional Specialty 179 % of Total 17.8 Technicians and Related Support 27 % of Total 2.7 Sales 134 % of Total 13.3 Administrative Support 159 % of Total 15.8 Private Household Services 0 % of Total 0 Protective Services 5 % of Total 0.5 Other Service Occupations 108 % of Total 10.7 Farming/Forestry/Fishing 47 % of Total 4.7 Precision Production/Craft and Repair 113 % of Total 11.2 Machine Operators, Assemblers, Inspection 44 % of Total 4.4 Transportation and Material Moving 41 % of Total 4.1 Handlers, Equipment Cleaners, Laborers 23 % of Total 2.3 SOURCE: 1990 U.S. Census of Social and Economic Characteristics Location of Employment Beyond the type of work residents do, the location of employment also contributes to the character of the Township. If most residents leave the area to work, then the area can be classified as a "bedroom" community. Half of commuting Township residents work within 20 to 30 minutes of @ Bin1ha:m T0wnship C0mprehensive Pl Percent of Total 880 11.4 1,153 15.0 209 2.7 977 12.7 1,025 13.3 51 0.7 49 0.6 900 11.7 437 5.7 1,092 14.2 406 5.3 271 3.5 251 3.3 the Township, as shown in Figure 2-1. This greatly exceeds the County average, implying that many of the jobs outside of the Township reside in neighboring municipalities, particularly Traverse City. 2-8 �- - - - --------- -----11 Section 2 - Socicil Fecitures Figure 2-1 30.0% - , - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -, 25.0% ; "5 E E 0 a Bingham Township • 20.0% Leelanau County 15.0% 0 o -~ 10.0% C CII 5.0% A. 0.0% LO V a, ' LO a, ..... .... N ""' ""' a, N ,- LO N 0' ' LO .... 0' N ' ~ 0 ' M a, M ' LO M ~ a, LO ' LO 0 ' ""' ""' Travel Time (Minutes) a, C0 0' <O 0 a, I\ 4) E 0 J: iii ...0 ~ ~ Income Household income is an important measure of the economic well being of Bingham Township. Households are the basic social unit of any community, so the amount of income these households earn determines the quality and quantity of retail goods and service purchases both within the Township and the Region. Table 2-1 0 lists the median household income for the Township and Leelanau County and shows that household income in the Township is higher than the County. This is correlated t o the higher salaried occupations shown in Table 2-9 TABLE 2- 10 - MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOMES: 1990 1990 Bingham Township $32,372 Leelanau County $28,589 SOURCE: 1990 U.S. Census STF3A @ Binaha.m Township Oomprehensive Pla.n 2-9 I �Comm.unity Fa.cilities �Section 3 - Community Fca.cilities 7 i Introduction Schools Bingham Township is a General Law Township with a Supervisor, Clerk, The Suttons Bay Public School District Treasurer and Trustees. The Township Hall Township. It offers a kindergarten through is located on the corner Center Highway Grade 12 program. Recent expansion has kept pace with enrollment and should serve includes Bingham and Suttons Bay (CR 633) and Bingham Road. As a General Law Township, Bin.gham Township has only the two townships for some years. Further those powers granted to them by state expansion of the elementary school at its statute. Those include the ability to hire a present site will have to be weighed against manager, assessor, police or fire chief, the advantages of a second elementary superintendent school at a new site closer to the future and other necessary personnel. Townships are mandated to administer assessments, hold elections, and student population. collect taxes. They are also required to be responsible for financial administration, Parks and Recreation including budgets, accounting, investments There are currently seven public facilities in and deposits. In addition, townships may the Township. The Michigan Department of enact and enforce ordinances, including zoning. Land use decisions are made under Natural Resources has two public boat launching sites, one on west Grand Traverse the Bingham Township Zoning Ordinance, Bay near the intersection of M-22 and Hill which is administered by the Township's Top Road, and the other on Lake Leelanau Zoning Administrator. at the east end of Bingham Road. Fire Department The Township has an 3-acre park on the '•. Bay, on the east end of Bingham Road. This Fire and ambulance/rescue services are park has beach access, picnic facilities and provided. Six full-time advanced life support playground equipment. The Township has staff serves Bingham and Suttons Bay an additional picnic area on the Bay at -Townships, -1:>ased -in -the.Village.of Suttons .. Hendryx Park on Lee Point Road. Groesser Bay. Fire services are provided by volunteer staff. A Fire Substation is located in the Park is a small Township park located Township, adjacent to the Township hall. adjacent to the Department of Natural Resources launch site on M-22. Two additional Township parks are located on Lake Leelanau. Bingham Park is a small 2acre park located two miles north of Bingham. The Mebert Creek Natural Area is @ Bineha.m ToWl\ship Comprehensive Pl 3-1 �Section 3 - Community FCLcilities a 140 acre site with 4,000 feet of Lake priorities for funding certain roads with the shoreline, and is the largest undeveloped parcel remaining in Bingham Township. The area is designated as 11 a unique wetland community" by the Michigan Natural highest volume, transportation planners have established a road classification system. Although there is some variation in the Features Inventory, possessing a variety of unique plant and animal species. classification of roadways, they are typically divided into roadways that carry local traffic Library and those that carry through traffic. Through roadways are further divided according to Bingham Township contributes funds to the Suttons Bay Area Public Library. The library was built in 1984 and has over 12,000 volumes. Township residents also use the Traverse City Library without charge. Utilities Bingham Township, as a rural township, does not provide public water and sewer service. The primary electrical service provider is Consumers Energy, with some areas in the Township getting electric service from Cherryland Electric Cooperative. Gas service is available in the Township from Michigan Consolidated Gas Company. Cable Michigan provides Cable 1V service to some areas of the Township. - their function. The dassification of roadways within Bingham Township, shown on Map 3-1 , are as follows: Major Arterial: The function of a major - arterial is to convey traffic between municipalities and activity centers, and to provide connections with intrastate and interstate roadways. Significant community, retail, commercial and - industrial facilities may be located along major arterial. Major arterials are intended to accommodate higher speeds and levels of service, not to provide access. Therefore, access management is desirable for preserving capacity. The state trucklines of the County serve as major arterials. Nonmotorized traffic should be limited, if - not prohibited on major arterials. - Transportation Automobile traffic tends to be concentrated on certain roadways, because of their location, their physical conditions, and the overall land-use of an area. On an average, 80 percent of travel is done on about 20 percent of the roads. In order to set @ Bineha.m T0wnship C0mprehensive Pl Eighty percent of travel is done on about ZO percent of the roads on an average. j i l j --~-,__-_c-,, __-.,.,-,_;c.-_,c_...-...,-.-.,.-,...-_-,-. . -, . --,--;_-.~---;-,,-,.,-.,.... ----,,-=-, ....-,, j 3-2 - �MAP 3-1 TRANSPORTATION: FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION SUTTONS BAY TOWNSHIP l!i 6 a "' i ! ERDT i • i !er I! ~ OTIORD. !. i '-"-, iii .Iii ~ I , RE\QJJRD. = ~ e. ,_ \ \ OTTO RD. ~ 4 5 9 18 .).. J I DONNER RD. !I ~ 19 j SH#DY AD / a "' \!. 30 i / 29 ! ) ~ e. I I -, I I I /_ 31 +· •---=-- • 32 I tr ' a , I J...._ .------L-E_G_E_N_D_ _~ "' ' ~ Major Arterial Minor Arterial Major Collector Minor Collector SOURCE: The Leelanau General Plan: Policy Guidelines for Manageing Growth on the Leelanau Peninsula, 1994 �··, J'.k. .... .........__ ..... I I ' ', / ?. : / E.21:fstfng Lc:a.nci Use �---------------11 Section 4 Introduction /vi existing land use inventory shows the existing distribution and location of land uses within the Township. The inventory helps the community to identify patterns of land use and plan for the future use of land. The Existing Land Use Map (page 5-5) is based upon the interpretation of aerial photographs taken in the spring of 1995 and a "windshield" survey of the Township completed in December 1998. Below are the classifications used in the land use inventory. Land Use Classifications Single-Family Residential - one detached or attached (duplex) dwelling unit on a single parcel. All units in this subcategory are built on foundations or basements using traditional building methods. Multiple-Family Residential - One or more buildings containing three or more dwelling units each. All units in this subcategory are built on foundations or basements using traditional building methods. Commercial - an area or facility used for the sale of retail or wholesale goods or the provision of personal or business services.The subcategory includes structures, adjacent land and parking areas dedicated for the use of employees and customers. @ Bini?ho.::i. Township Comprohonsivo Pl Existing Lc.nd Use I Commercial Recreation - /vi area or facility used for recreation activities, induding private parks, water parks and golf courses. The subcategory includes structures, adjacent land and parking areas dedicated for the use of employees and customers. Industrial - An area where raw or unfinished materials or commodities are used to produce a product or service. This can also indude wholesale business activities. Public - /vi area or facility used by a Township, City, County, School District or State agency to meet the needs of the community. This includes city and township offices, schools, public-meeting spaces, parks, public parking lots and other public uses. Public Utility - Iv, area or facility not generally accessible to the public but used to provide services to the community, such as water towers, wastewater treatment areas, electrical substations, and water pumping stations. Quasi-Public - An area or facility used by a limited number of persons with particular interests and nonprofit organizations, such as churches, day care centers, private schools, commercial recreation and related activities. Cemetery - Iv, area used for the burial and memorial of the deceased. Facilities for memorial services may also exist on the site. 4-1 �----------------411 Section 4 Mining - Open pits that are being actively mined or excavated, induding access roads. Agricultural - This category may consist of croplands, permanent pasture or orchards. Agricultural lands include the farmstead occupying the land. Open Space/Forested Land - Areas that are covered with deciduous and coniferous species of trees or shrubs. This category includes abandoned agricultural fields and flood plains. Lands in this category consist of both suitable and unsuitable areas for development. Wetland - Area that is inundated or saturated to the surface for a sufficient time to foster the growth of a particular plant communities that thrive in wet conditions. Wet or hydric soils also are use to designate wetlands. The wetland areas shown are a partial delineation from Map 1-3, which were delineated by the National Wetlands Inventory, the Michigan Resource Information System, and the U.S. Soil Conservation Service. Trends and Analysis Bingham Township has an area of approximately 16,675 acres or 26 square miles. The Township is dominated by agricultural uses, primarily in the central highlands with open space/forested land found in areas with steep slopes. In all, 11 11 , @ Binc;ha.rn Township Comprehensive Pl Existing Lc:,.nd Use I these two land use categories make up 70 percent of the Township. Table 4-1 compares land use change from 1990 to 1998. The 1990 inventory is based on the statewide MIRIS (Michigan Resource Information System) land use/cover data. The 1998 inventory uses the MIRIS base map coupled with parcel information provided by Leelanau County. Comparisons between these two inventories must be taken with care, since the 1990 data do not take roadways or parcels into consideration and may over estimate some of the land uses. Table 4-1 shows an increase in residential growth over the eight-year period, with a concurrent decrease in agricultural uses. This reported increase in residential land use is supported by building permit data shown in Section 2 (Table 2-4), which show an additional 250 single family homes were built during this period. Table 4-1 and Figure 4-1 both show that agriculture remains the predominant land use in the Township. The majority of the small lot, residential is located on the two coasts of the Township. Additional clustered residential development is occurring, as seen on Fort and Bingham Roads. Commercial uses, such as retail businesses and offices, are primarily found along M-22 or on Bingham Road, west of Center Highway (C.R. 633). An industrial use is found in only one area in the Township, on the corner of Revold Road and M-22, and consists of a fruit processing plant. 4-2 - �--------------ti Section 4 - Existing Lana. Use I TABLE 4- 1 -GENERAL LAND USE BY TYPE 1998 Land Use Land Use Acres Single Family Residential Multiole Familv Residential Public Public Utilities Quasi-Public Cemeterv Commercial Commercial Recreation Industrial Minirn,1 A2riculture Ooen Soace/Forested Land Wetland Water T ransoortation Total MIRIS Land Use (1990) % Acres % 1,427.3 8.6% 927.2 5.6% 13.2 17 1.6 1.2 8.2 4.6 21.8 205.7 31.1 8.6 5 881.0 5 693.6 928. 1 I 618.0 66 1.0 16,675.7 0. 1% 1.0% <0. 1% <0. 1% <0.1% 0.1% 1.2% 0.2% 0.1% 35.3% 34. 1% 5.6% 9.7% 4.0% 100.0% 9.1 23.6 1.6 NA 5.2 5.2 N.A. 40.8 14.3 6 261 .0 7 389.2 367.2 I 6 18.0 NA 16,662.4 0. 1% 0. 1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% NA 0.2% 0.1% 37.6% 44.3% 2.2% 9.7% 0.0% 100.0% SOURCE: Gove Associates Inc.; Michigan Resource Information System Figure 4-1 Major Land Uses in Bingham Township by Type ( 1998) Transportation Single Family Residertial 4% 9% Water 10% Wetland 6% Ptbtic 1% Recreation 1% Agricutu-e 35% Open Space/Forested Land 34% @ Bin&hc:un Township Comprehensive Pl 4-3 �----------------111 Section 4 Subdivision of Land The number and size of parcels will also determine the possible future land uses in a township. A township with many small parcels and few large parcels will find it In contrast, the number of parcels over 20 acres in size make up only I 8 percent, or 135, of the total number of parcels. These parcels use nearly 75 percent of the total I land area, however, and are strongly correlated to agricultural uses. As seen in Figure 4-2, the majority of these large parcels lie in the central portion of the Township. difficult to support future agricultural and other open space dependent activities. The number and distribution of parcel size for Bingham Township can be seen in Table 4-2 and Figure 4-2. Parcels in Bingham Township range from under I acre to 144 acres in size. Of the over 1,300 parcels recorded by the 1 County s Equalization Department, 40 percent, or 529, ar~ under 2 acres in size. As noted above, and seen in Figure 4-2, the majority of these small parcels are located along the two coasts. A significant number, however, are located along County roads. ~isting LG.nd Use The number ol parcels over ZO acres in size make up on/7 1S percent, oz- 135, ol the total number ol parcels. These pan::els use neaz-17 75 percent ol the total land area, however, and az-e stron1I7 coz-z-elated to a1z-icultural 'USIIS. Trends throughout the state and within Leelanau County show that the proliferation of parcel splits will continue within the Township. This increased division of large, agricultural parcels encourages higher density, linear residential development along county roads. Land use conflicts between the new residents and the neighboring farmers is often the result, as well as increased road hazards from higher traffic volumes. TABLE 4-2 PARCEL SIZE IN BINGHAM TOWNSHIP Parcel Size (Acres) 0-1.99 2-4.99 5-9.99 10-19.99 20-39.99 40+ Number of Parcels 529 263 146 137 120 115 Total Acres 292 677 990 1,698 3,457 6,737 2.1 4.9 7.1 12.2 25.0 48.6 % SOURCE: Leelanau County Planning Department; Gove Associates Inc @ Bineha.m Township Comprehensive Pl 4-4 �---------------lsection4-ExistingLa.nd Use Figure 4-2 Distribution of Parcel Size in Bingham Tavvnship I ! I ; !f J Parcel Size (in Acres) •I] 0 20 to 144 5to 20 Oto 5 4-5 �BINGHAM TOWNSHIP Leelanau County, Michigan EXISTING LAND USE MAP 3UTT0NS IIAY - I 3 i I "' I :.t../,liiiJ;~---__.....-___....._-=-- ,r ---.....-.--=-=---'l. _..J2... LEGEND CJ 1111 Commercial 1111 1111 00 c=J Commercial Recreation D Single Family Residential Multiple Family Residential Industrial Public / Institutional Public Utilities 0 Gove Associates Inc. ... 1a:t1PORTN3Esn&T ~ ~ fltl}315-0011 Agricultural Support Business - 1111 • Quasi-Public Cemetery Mining Agricultural Open Space Wetland Vineyard / Winery ... �I - - - Goa.ls Future Lclnd. Use Implementc:Ltion Schedule , - PART II - PLAN - �"'• . . '·" ; ...' . !Jo'.'· ,...., . ·· ..,! ~ ,. •.• ..,~_; ·' : ,, Goa.ls �Section S - Goals Community Surveys In the Fall of 1997, members from the Landscape Architecture Department of Citizen involvement occurred on several Michigan State University surveyed 36 large levels during the creation of this plan. parcel landowners. This survey was sponsored by both the Township and the A good master plan reflects the aspirations of the citizenr7 b7 involving them in the planning process. Leelanau Agricultural .Alliance. A summary of the results of this survey is provided in the Appendix A. Citizen Planning Committees Two surveys were taken during 1997, one of the general population and the other of Three citizen planning committees were also large parcel land owners, to gather the formed that focused on three areas of residents' opinions on a range of topics, concern: residential development, infra- including the future use of land .. structure, and agriculture. In the Spring of . 1997, the Center for The citizen planning committees submitted Business and Industry at Northwestern final reports to the Planning Commission, Michigan College conducted a survey for which are included in full format in the Bingham Township to determine views and Appendix A opinions of the residents on a variety of Township issues. Issue Identification A mail survey was undertaken with a A public meeting was held on December 3th, 1998 with members of both the Planning Commission and the citizen planning committees. The purpose of the meeting was to share ideas about the future of the Township and identify key issues to be addressed in the Plan. The issues that were identified during the meeting are listed in Appendix A randomly selected sample of property owners and registered voters within Bingham Township. Based upon a combined population of approximately 1,500, a sample size of 306 was necessary for a 95% confidence level and a confidence interval of + /- 5%. The mailing was conducted with 1,200 residents with a projected response rate of approximately 25%. Results were based on the analysis of 538 completed surveys. Survey results are reviewed in Appendix A @ BinihCLm Township Comprehensive PlCLn 5-1 �----------------------.1 Section 5 - Goa.ls GOALS township • control standards, The goals are guides to help Bingham Township achieve its preferred future. The goals were developed by the community as discussed above and in the Appendix. A series of objectives are designed to guide the Township toward each goal. The Plan's objectives are the basis for the Implementation Section (see Section 7). code development enforcement and administration through the Plan and the Zoning Ordinance. • encourage balance of housing types. • residential development will depend on independent well and septic systems. - Agricultural Goals and Objectives GOAL: To preserve and protect agriculture Residential land and uses, retaining a viable agricultural GOAL: Guide and control residential community within the Township. development and population densities and distribution in order to maintain a rural OBJECTIVES: atmosphere, ecological balance, open space, methods or controls to assure high levels of sanitation and low levels of To provide opportunities, • encourage preservation through POR/ TOR/LOR/other innovative preservation technique. methods or controls to assure • identify areas for cluster development. • • educate public on differences between pollution. OBJECTIVES: To provide opportunities, control population density 1n such a manner that overall high density does agricultural and open space. not take place. • • higher density (clustered development), particularly on - and residential. • develop incentives for agricultural protection. • - provide for buffers between agricultural main ·· transportation thoroughfares in selected areas. - - maintain the rural atmosphere of the township. @ Bin2ho.m Township Comprehensive Plo.n 5-2 �Section 5 - Goa.ls Commercial OBJECTIVES: To provide opportunities, methods or controls to assure GOAL: To maintain neighborhood commercial services for residents • of the township, keeping in line with population minimal impact on the residential neighborhood. growth within the township. Home Occupation OBJECTIVES: To provide opportunities, GOAL: To allow residents to operate a non- methods or controls to assure intrusive enterprise that has no significant • development of any new commercial impact on the residential community. facilities in such a way as to m1nim1ze OBJECTIVES: To provide opportunities, conflict with other land uses. methods or controls to assure • creation of development and design standards that embrace • and/or encourage the village concept or Planned minimal impact on the residential neighborhood. '·. Unit Developments. • • • a service to the community is provided improvement of existing commercial for. areas, both aesthetically and functionally, to serve their neighborhoods Industrial adequate access for fire and rescue GOAL: Limited light industrial development. services for all commercial locations. OBJECTIVES: To provide opportunities, • that commercial facilities do not require methods or controls to assure public water and sewer facilities. • that any new industrial facilities are Home Based Business developed in such a manner that there is minimum conflict with other land uses. GOAL: To allow residents of the township to work out of their home, providing a service • that a tract of land is provided, suitable to the community, and maintaining the for selected light industrial development, residential nature of the community. with provision for adequate trans- portation access and utilities to serve their needs. @ Biniha.m Township Comprehensive Pla.n 5-3 �Section S - Goa.ls • that industries do not require public Transportation - water and sewer facilities and that they GOAL: To provide for the efficient and safe have their own on site treatment. movement of traffic through and within the Public Utilities and Facilities township, while preserving the present road system to the extent that it meets the needs GOAL: Cooperate with and assist public and of the community with a minimum of private entities to provide utilities and public environmental or ecological damage to the services to the residents of the township. township. OBJECTIVES: Provide opportunities, methods OBJECTIVES: Provide opportunities, methods or controls to assure or controls to assure • • • highest quality facilities and services maintaining wherever possible, the necessary to guide and maintain orderly natural character of the roads and future development. surrounding areas limitation of all development unless • maximum use of major thoroughfares appropriate health and safety standards and discourage traffic through the rural are complied with and services provided. residential roads. • Public Services utilization of highway facility improvement as a positive guide to direct or GOAL: Provide adequate and appropriate enhance land use relationship. public services for the benefit of the people • of the township. coordination in planning the township OBJECTIVES: Provide opportunities, methods transportation or controls to assure townships, the county, the region and system with adjacent the state. • interdepartmental cooperation to achieve - - - - and coordination of police, fire and rescue services - township-wide • safe use of roads for pedestrian and nonmotorized activities. - coverage and availability. @ Bini:hcim Township Comprehensive Plan -i 5-4 �Section 5 - Goa.ls • Recreation promotion of dual land uses (e.g. agriculture/open space) which encourage GOAL: To provide an adequate range of and enhance private ownership of non- recreation opportunities for residents of the developed lands. township. • protection of unique natural areas, OBJECTIVES: Provide opportunities, methods swampland, forests and watercourses and/or controls to assure from Urban types of development. • orderly development of commercial • encouragement of open space, recreation in such a manner that there is appropriately located in all land use optimum areas. utilization of appropriate locations with minimum conflict with Natural Resources adjoining land uses. • reservation of sufficient recreation lands GOAL: Optimum utilization of land, water, air to serve desired population growth with and both preservation and conservation. active and passive recreation natural resources, including their potentials. OBJECTIVES: Provide opportunities, methods • where possible, multi-functional use of or controls to assure recreation areas for open space, forestry, floodplain or water resource conser- • vation and historical preservation. continued and future use and conservation of natural resources by preventing inappropriate development of Open Space GOAL: Encourage open space and natural conflicting land uses. • development of flood and erosion areas, and protect the scenic beauty of the controls to minimize flood damage and Township. maintain water quality levels. OBJECTIVES: Provide opportunities, methods or controls to assure • preservation of unique natural areas which cannot be replaced if destroyed, misused or neglected. • non-development of public and privately owned lands with open space. @ Binihc.m Township Comprehensive Plc.n 5-S �Section 5 - Goa.ls • non-pollution of soil, water and air resources by any segment of the community be it governmental, - industrial, agricultural, or private. • a pattern of land use to shape and guide - development away from ecologically sensitive areas. • encouragement of open - space, appropriately located, in all land use areas. • participation in regional efforts to - improve and protect water quality. - - - @ Bin2ha.m Township Comprehensive Pla.n 5-6 - �Future La.net Use �---------------ti Section 6 - Future La.nd O'se I Introduction Population and Housing Projections Up to this point, the Plan has documented In order to prepare for the next 20 years, it the physical and social aspects of Bingham is necessary to project the number of people Township and has outlined the goals to be that may be living in the Township by the achieved over the next 20 years. In order to be an effective land use tool, however, a year 2020. Population projections are, in essence, educated guesses based on past Plan must go farther than this. A Plan must trends. By their very nature, therefore, both anticipate and direct future growth in population order to protect current property owners, accurate, but they do give some guidance to the economic base of the Township and the the potential future needs of the Township. projections are not always environment, while supporting sustainable development. Figure 6- I shows a series of population projections using different methods (see the The Bingham Township Master Plan is a Appendix). The figure shows that the community effort. The ideas and goals potential population for the year 2020 range presented have come directly from the citizens of the Township through the use of between 2,500 and to over 6,000 persons. During a Township meeting, participants surveys, public meetings and citizen planning chose a population target for the year 2020 committees. The concerns expressed by residents have been varied, but have focused of 3,000 people. The citizen planning committees chose a 2.5 percent growth on the preservation of the rural lifestyle of rate, the area and the retention of the high quality approximately 3,700 people. These targets natural resources. represent a population increase from 40 to with a 2020 75 percent from the population of 1994 population This section will present estimates of future estimate. These target populations will population growth and land use patterns for potentially increase year-round housing units Bingham Township. It will present popula- to 460-800, assuming an average of 2.0 tion and housing projections to the year persons per housing unit. 2020, which will assist decision-makers anticipate future land use needs. A future land use map will be presented that shows potential patterns of development over the next 20 years and beyond. @ Biniha.m Township Comprehensive Pl Participants during a Township meeting chose a population target for the 7ear 2020 of 3,000. The citizen planning committees chose a 2.5% growth rate, with a 2020 population of approzimatel;, 3,700 people. 6-1 �----------------ti Section 6 - Future Lc.nc:l Use I FIGURE 6-1 Population Projections for Bingham Township to the Year 2020 6500 6000 5500 5000 . C 4500 --- Constant Proportion Growth Rate -+- Growth Rate @2.5% ~ Arithmetic 0 «I '3 4000 a. 0 0. 3500 --.-- Housing Trend 3000 2500 2000 1500 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Year @ B~ho.m Township Comprehensive Plcm 6-2 �---------------11 Section 6 THE FUTURE LAND USE PLAN Fu.tu.re L<lnci tlse I Soil Conservation Service, the presence of existing large lot agricultural land, and the presence of working farms. A full listing of Agriculture the criteria used to select the agricultural The largest threat to agriculture is expanded area is outlined in the Appendix and residential described in Section 5, Citizen Planning development. The pressure exerted by residential development on land values, land use· conflicts, and traffic, Committee (page 5-4). contribute to a cycle of conversion that ends Currently, there are two widely available in a low-density, homogenous residential options to preserve current farmlands: community, devoid of many of the rural elements that originally made the community zoning and development rights. options are discussed in detail in a number of an attractive place to live. Once this cycle local publications, including the Leelanau has progressed significantly, it is difficult, if not General Plan (Chapter 5 - Growth Guide- impossible, to regain these agricultural lands. lines and Decision Maps) and the Agricultural Land Conservation Toolkit (in preparation, Bingham Township has a long tradition of Tab 4 - Tools). These '·. agriculture. Indeed, the character of the Township is in many ways defined by farming. Both the community and large lot owner surveys (Section 5) showed that residents are committed to retaining this character and way of life. The Plan promotes Thora are two wide!;, available options to preserve currant farmland: zoning and dovolopmont rights. The most wido1;, used within tho sot of land uso controls currant!;, available, is zoning. the preservation of agricultural land within the framework of the projected residential 11 There is no panacea or magic 11 ordinance growth of the area. that a community can adopt to protect Preservation of agricultural Land is promoted within tho framowork of projected rosidontia1 growth of tho area. farmland. The options that work for one Township may not work for another, since the physical conditions and community sentiments vary widely between jurisdictions. Generally, combinations of these The lands proposed to remain in agriculture are located primarily in the central portion of options can be used to optimize a Township's farm preservation program; but the Township. The proposed agricultural which ever strategy is utilized to protect areas farmland, it is important to the citizens of were chosen based upon the designation of prime farmland soils by the @ Biniha.m Township Comprohonsivo Pl 6-3 �----------------11 Section 6 - Future Lc:mci Use Bingham Township that the strategy is fair a county road, availability of public utili- and equitable to all landowners. ties, fire protection, existing density of I development, etc. Within the set of land use controls currently available, the most widely used is zoning. AgriculturaJ Buffer Zone, an agricultural/ There are several zoning concepts that are residential zone is created between applicable to preservation of large agricultural higher density residential development areas. Those options include the following: and large tracts of agricultural land. This buffer, or transition, zone allows for a Agricultural Protection Zoning, in which rural residential lifestyle while protecting nonfarm residents are not allowed and farming operations from the problems properties may be split into larger associated with residential development. parcels of at least 40 acres or more; When a local municipality adopts a specific Quarter-Quarter Zoning, which allows set of land use controls to protect farmland, for one nonfarm residential dwelling for it may involve combinations of the above each 40 acres of land; concepts in order to address local needs and '·· concerns. For example, the local zoning Sliding Scale Zoning, whereby the ordinance may allow owners of large lots to number of allowable nonfarm residences develop parcels of no less than three-quarter increases as the size of the parent parcel acres and no greater than two acres, for increases; proportionally dedicated residential development. These fewer dwellings are allowed the larger residential lots may be allowed in the the parent parcel. This helps concentrate agricultural zone as long as they do not development on smaller parcels. For consume more than a designated amount of example, one dwelling may be allowed the parent parcel (e.g. 80%). This type of for the first IO acres, another for the land use control will accomplish the goal of next 20 acres, a third for the next 30 preserving farmland, acres, a forth for the next 40 acres, etc. landowners however, a way while also giving of recovering the development potential of their land. Point/Numerical Zoning, which requires a proposed lot to meet objective Another set of agricultural preservation tools standards for approval; such standards deal are defined on a point system and the landowners. When a person purchases proposed lot must accumulate a mini- property, they purchase a set, or bundle, of mum number of points. Standards may rights related to that land. consist of variables such as distance from landowners have the right to control access, @ Biniham Township Comprehensive Pl with the development rights of For example, 6-4 - - - i �------------------1 Section 6 - Future Lo.nd. Use to develop, and to bequeath the land to Transfer of Development Rights (TDR), their descendents. These rights are not where the development rights are unseparable, however, as easements and purchased from one parcel (the sending zone) and are transferred, via a private development rights can be sold, leased or donated, while the other rights of the land market mechanism, to another parcel Some of the ways the (receiving zone). The receiving zone can separation of development rights can be develop at a higher density than the used to protect a communiVs agricultural zoning ordinance would normally allow, lands and open space are listed below: and are retained. I the sending zone would be preserved for agriculture. In Michigan, Donation of Development Rights, also TOR can only be termed the donation of a conservation township, which restricts its usefulness in easement, the development rights of the many cases. used within a land are donated to a conservation organization or a government entity. A number of funding mechanisms and tax This is a voluntary agreement that permanently limits future development incentives can be used to assist a development rights program in a township. '·- conserving Under Act 233 of 1996, the Michigan productive agricultural lands and open Department of Natural Resources can space. purchase easements on farmlands. on the parcel, thus Funds are supplied by the U.S. Department of Purchase of Development Rights (PDR), Agriculture and the a voluntary agreement where the owner Farmland and Open Space Preservation Lien is paid by a government entity or a Fund. Landowners must apply through their conservation group for the value of local government in order to be considered development on the land. The result is for these funds. Another source of funding the in is through local property tax assessment, as perpetuity for agriculture or other uses. was done in Peninsula Township. Property retention of the property Michigan PA I 16 owners within a township agree to assess Leasing of -Development Rights (LDR), themselves to finance the purchase or lease another voluntary agreement with the of agricultural lands or other lands that the land owner, where the owner is paid to public wishes to protect. not develop the land for the term of the lease. Since LOR is a temporary agreement, the terms of payment would be less than with PDR. Ad.d.itiona.1 progra.ms a.nc::1. funds will become a.va.ila.ble, both on the loca.1 a.nc::1. na.tiona.1 levels, a.s a.gricultura.1 preserva.tion 'becomes more of a.n issue. ...__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __. j ~"r-,_ .. @ Bin2hc.m Township Comprehensive Pl S-, - - ' " ~ -. . r -~... ---7c.J,i;>!,~N ~-~--~- ......... _.,._....~_,,___ _,..,... ..,,.,,, .-.,;,+,..,_. ,~- .- ..... J 6-S �-----------------11 Section 6 - Future La.nd Use I Other sources of funds may come from by multiplying the average number of private foundations, conservation groups, persons per housing unit as determined by state and federal government, and private the U.S. Census Bureau. The number of As donations. preservation homes at build-out is also affected by natural becomes more of an issue, both on the local constraints, such as soil types, topography and national levels, additional programs and and the presence of wetlands. A complete funds a build-out analysis will include all of these development rights option is considered as factors in order to determine the ultimate will agricultural become available. If 1 an element in the T ownship s agricultural - build-out population. preservation program, it is important that the Township investigates these diverse funding Using all of the above factors and subtracting sources. undevelopable land and rights-of-way, the Leelanau General Plan estimates that the Residential build-out population of the Township would be 18,793, an 800 percent increase over the Residential development has traditionally 1990 population. been concentrated on both the lake and unlikely that this level of development would bayfront. These homes were both year- ever occur, it does show how zoning round and seasonal dwellings and typically ordinances can encourage homogenous, sat on small lots. As waterfront property has residential growth. Traditional rural zoning, become less available, and more expensive, in residential development has turned inland. residential As noted above, the over-development of thoroughfares. particular, Although it is highly tends to development support linear along maJor these interior lands threatens the agricultural character that defines the Township. As an alternative to the traditional linear development, 11 clustered 11 open space As part of the Leelanau General Plan, a developments are suggested. This form of build-out analysis was performed based development upon the current zoning ordinance and map housing at higher densities and provides for (Chapter 12 - Land Use). The population at public open space within a designated build-out is a theoretical limit that is directly project area. dependent upon the number of houses built environmentally sensitive than the standard within Township's subdivision, which typically allocates the housing density is determined by the local entire development to private lots and zoning code which specifies the minimum lot easements for streets and sidewalks. A sizes of homes in each residential zone. The clustered open space project also contains final population in these zones is calculated streets and private lots, but also includes the township. The @ Bin2ha.m Township Comprehensive Pl essentially concentrates It is more efficient and 6-6 - �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____., Section 6 - Future Lc.nd Use I large open spaces that are allocated to Fort Road, Lake View Road and Maple Valley recreation, trails, the protection of unique ·Road. Rural Residential development acts as environmental features, or other natural a buffer zone or transition between the areas. The same number of units can be built higher density development and agriculture. in a clustered development as a traditional This lower density agriculture/residential subdivision, district includes both agricultural and rural because the developer is allowed to decrease the lot size as defined in residential uses. the zoning ordinance, thereby increasing the density of the developed portion of the Higher-Density residential dovolopmont is concentrated on tho Future Land Uso Map on both coasts and on koy Township transportation corridors project and creating open/natural/recreation space in the balance of the project. Although the development rights of open space on a parcel approved for rural clustering will have been permanently The Agriculture/Residential area should retired, the land can still be actively farmed, provide for significant buffers between used for woodlots, nurseries, pasture, or intensive agriculture and single family homes. '·. recreation. Ovvnership typically remains with The buffer may be part of the open space of a property owner's association or the open a clustered development, or part of a private space can be transferred to a conservancy or lot, but should be present to reduce the communrty. The Township currently has 11 a clustered development ordinance in effect, owners. nuisance 11 complaints from residential land however, the geographic distribution of these cluster developments are not based Commercial upon criteria that impact development. Major factors to determine the placement of Over I 00 acres of land is designated for these clustered developments should be the commercial development on the Future retention of agriculture and open space, Land Use map. The majority of this land is capacity of the soils to sustain development, located on Bingham Road in an area already the potential need to be served by public designated for commercial development. utilities (fire and police) and access by Ample land currently exists in this area to existing primary roads. provide for future growth of businesses. The goal of commercial development in the The Future Land Use Map (Map 6-1) Township will be to provide services to local concentrates residents, while not requiring public services higher-density residential development on both coasts and on key such as sewer and water. Township transportation corridors, such as @ Biniha.m Township Comprehensive Pl 6-7 �-----------------11 Section 6 Recreation Future La.nci t1se I - Wetlands Inventory and by State of Michigan wetlands experts, are shown on the Future Bingham Township is a prime recreational Land Use map. A map showing steep slopes area. Significant land has been set aside for and other development limitations is shown recreational uses, including nearly 210 acres in Section in private recreation (primarily golf courses) occurring in these environmentally sensitive and another 170 acres in parks and other areas must be especially aware of the impact public land. of construction and human activity on the I (Map 1-3). Development environment. Development standards are Near!;, 210 acres in private recreation (primaril;r golf courses) and another 170 acres in parks and other public land have been set aside for recreational uses. suggested for these areas in the Appendix. Further standards may be found in the Grand Traverse Bay Region Development Guidebook. Future Land Use Distribution The presence of the privately owned Leelanau Trail also adds a recreational Table 6-2 shows the distribution of land uses amenity to the Township. on the accompanying Future Land Use Map. Given the importance of recreation to the local economy, additional land could be sought to TABLE 6-2 - LAND USE DISTRIBUTION further increase recreational opportunities, Land Use as long as they do not interfere with existing Type surrounding land uses. Industrial Total 1,914 11.4 Rural Residential 4,959 29.6 110 0.6 40 0.2 9 0 376 2.2 Agricu !tu ral 7,084 42.4 Water 1,618 9.6 661 4.0 16,771 100.0 Commercial Forty acres of land have been designated for Public/ industrial use. The future land use plan calls Institutional for no increase in industrial uses within the Recreation Township during the planning horizon. (Public/Private) Transportation Wetlands are an extremely important asset % of Residential Industrial Wetlands/Environmentally Sensitive Land Acreage TOTAL in the protection of water quality in the both Grand Traverse Bay and Lake Leelanau. Wetlands, as identified by the National ® Bin2hctm Township Comprehensive Pl 6-8 - �-----------------11 Section 6 Build-Out Analysis of the· Future Land Use Hap Future La.nd Use I to be · transition · zones between the residential and the agricultural areas of the Township. Therefore, 30 percent of the land in these areas were assumed to be used for residential development. Minimum lot sizes were set according to those observed in the Township (see Figure 4-2). A build-out analysis was conducted to determine the number of houses and people that could potentially be supported within the Township using the Future Land Use map. In order to carry out this analysis, many of the natural constraints, such as wetlands and lakes, were subtracted from the total acreage of each land use type. In addition, currently developed residential and public land were taken from the land use total acreage. With these assumptions, it was found that the Future Land Use map would allow for an additional 3,400 housing units, or an additional population of 6,800 people. This is certainly much greater than the target population of up to I ,000 additional residents by 2020. Of this total, 60 percent of the new residential growth will be in the high density area. In addition, the build-out analysis assumes that all land available for development will be developed, which is rarely the case. Additional acreage needs to be available to provide for greater choices of location for future development. Other natural constraints, not taken into consideration in this analysis, may also impede the development of some sites. The results of this analysis are shown in Table 6-3. Residential development can occur in Agricultural, Rural Residential and Residential areas in the Township. It was assumed that the·. areas designated as 11 Agricultural 11 on Map will be more intensively farmed, and will discourage high levels of residential development. Therefore, only I 0 percent of the land in the Agricultural areas were assumed to be used for residential development. Areas on the Map designated as 11 Rural Residential" are considered TABLE 6-3 - BUILDING ANALYSIS OF FUTURE LAND USE MAP ('NETLANDS, ROADS, LAKES AND CURRENT DEVELOPMENT SUBTRACTED FROM TOTAL ACREAGE) Areas Minimum Lot Size I (Acres) (Acres) Land Use Agriculture Farm (90%) Residential ( I 0%) Rural Residential Farm (70%) Residential (30%) Residential SFR 5,933.4 4,746.72 1,186.68 3,939.5 2,757.65 I ,I 8 I .85 1,033.2 466.00 2020 # Building Lots I # Units/Lot # of Units Pooulation* 20 5 I I 237 237 I I I I 237 237 475 475 10 2 I I 276 591 I I I I 276 591 552 1,182 I 932 I I 932 1,864 3,408 6,816 0.5 TOTAL * Assumes 2.0 Persons/Unit SOURCE: Gove Associates Inc. @ Bin2ha.m Township Comprehensive Pl 6-9 �BINGHAM TOWNSHIP Leelanau County, Michigan FUTURE LAND USE MAP IUITONSUY- . ~ (:::::::::::::::.:::::::::::-:-: ···•:::::::::::::: ............ . . . . . ::::::::::::::....... ~ ·:-.\ 12 ;-:-:-. ..:;-:-;, .;,, - ,I - ..a ,_ I!. i I I 29 LEGEND 0 -~- Gove Associates Inc. ~ . M1 4'C01.,. (S18) l85-<I01 I D c:=J Residential (11 .4%) ~ Commercial (0.6°/o) ~ Industrial (0.2%) D Public/ Institutional (<0.1%) c:=l Recreation (Public/ Private) (2.2%) Rural Residential (29.6%) c:=J r:Z3 Agricultural (42.4%) Wetland " - " - Watershed Boundary 0.5 - �In,.p len,.enta.tion Schedule �_______________....,, Section 7 - Implementci.tion Introduction This section of the Plan presents the tools and processes that are currently available to Bingham Township to help make this Plan a reality. It also contains a schedule that depicts the activities that should be undertaken along with the recommended parties, timing, and funding sources to secure success. - The following approaches are viable in terms of being implemented under current state enabling legislation and federal programs. I · Finally, · the·· activities · occurring within surrounding townships, particularly those related to land use planning, zoning, and other development controls can have a direct impact upon planning, particularly along the perimeter of the Township. Coordination and communication should be ongoing among these jurisdictions. Plans and programs from these surrounding communities and Bingham Township should be shared in order to facilitate coordinated land use planning. lnfonnation and education are fundamental Cooperation between the Township and other public and quasi-public entities is also critical to the success of the Plan. These entities play a key role in the use of land within the Township and communication needs to be maintained to enable the Township and each entity to properly plan for the future. The Leelanau County Government, the County Road Commission, the Regional Council of Governments and numerous State Agencies, all have legal authority and responsibilities for programs and projects that occur in, and impact upon, the development of the Township. Coordination between these bodies and the Township is important for planning and programming needs to·be maintained, and to accomplish the goals set forth in this Plan. @ Bin2ha.m Township Comprehensive Pl to the implementation of this Plan. Without the consensus of residents, businesses and developers, the Plan will not be successful. To help garner that consensus and contribute to the success of the Plan, the Township needs to institute information and education programs. These can include sending a small fiyer, or tri-fold, that briefiy describes the main components of the Plan and possibly include a small copy of the future land use map. The Township should consider establishing a design standards manual that could be distributed to developers that explain and clarify in more detail some of the broadbased concepts identified in this plan, such as cluster/open space development. This manual would be used as a guide to promote certain design and development standards and also help educate developers about the components and associated benefits of "state-of-the art" concepts. The 7-1 �-----------------11 Section 7 - Implementation manual can be periodically updated to reflect new standards and concepts. The Township might also consider conducting an annual or bi-annual community survey informing residents of recent developments and asking for impressions, attitudes, and opinions about specific issues related to current or proposed developments. This will help keep residents abreast of development activities in the Township while providing a forum for Township officials to better understand the opinions of those residents. I - The · Implementation Schedule lists participants that include local and state agencies or groups. Quite often an action has several participants marked due to the team effort required to accomplish many actions. The Schedule identifies primary and secondary participants. The Schedule's timing section identifies actions as short-range/ongoing actions (one to three years), medium-range actions (three to ten years) or long-range actions (ten years or more). Actions often take a considerable length of time to complete, so the schedule identifies two or three time periods. - The funding portion of the identifies potential sources. - Implementation Schedule This Section complements the Plan's Goals and Objectives in Section 5. The Implementation Schedule groups the Objectives of each of the Goals with the participants responsible for completing the actions and identifies timing and potential funding sources for each action. The Implementation Schedule quickly identifies time frames and permits comparisons between the many actions identified in the Plan. Schedule Table 7-1 identifies the Implementation Program established in the Plan. - This list is not a comprehensive list of all actions needed over the next 20 years, but it is a list of the primary actions ·needed to accomplish the Plan's goals. Funding sources often change as time passes, as do organizations and priorities. The Township should regularly review the schedule to ensure actions are accomplished and goals are met. @ Biniha.m Township Comprehensive Pl 7-2 �----------------ti Section 7 - !mplementcition Schedule Categories Participants • • • • • • • • • - • • • • • - Township Board Township Planning Commission Township Staff Non-Profit Organization Neighboring Communities Local Merchants Public School District County Michigan Department of Transportation Michigan Department of Natural Resources Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Outside Assistance Citizen Committees / Volunteers Other / Private Sector @ Bin2ha.m Township Comprehensive Pl I -Timing·(Years) • • • 1-3 (Short Range, Ongoing) 4-10 (Medium Range) I 0+ (Long Range) Funding • • • • • • • • • General Revenues Tax Increment Financing Special Assessment District Revenue Bonds CDBG MDNR/MDEQ MOOT (ISTEA and Other) Other Federal or State Funds Michigan State Housing Development Authority (MSHDA) • Foundations, Grants, Contributions • Private and Other 7-3 �@ GOVE ASSOCIATES, INC. ARCHITECTS ENGINEERS PLANNERS SURVEYORS PARTICIPANTS: .2 sE " bl IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ACTIONS: c :S '!'.:I E " ~ ·c ~ ~ vi<: I I _ o o "' g z f I r 1 f; 0 ... :: g .,, J:l ': z ~ .&l ~ ~ 1i w 1~ - ., <U 1 j I I .!I ~ 1-, t I ~ .c :l u ~ ·c 0 ~ ~ ~ "" , u :c0. :c0. :;;0. i:: .0 ,e,..:_ ~ ~ " ~ .,, -.. "" SECONDARY ; I ' .. .I ·.c C O•.,, c c -,:, ·c = ~ ~ ti: 1 in I : l '. -~ U Bingham Township ! 1 1601 PORTAGE STREET KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN 49001 (616) 385-0011 • PRIMARY O e.,, 0 " ~ u o !! ~ ~ "" ~ ~ f--- u ; o ~a " O > 1 ,. - 1 , TIMING DI " o - 1 t 1: :rn ·a ~ s I: ucCl i -c ll,; .. :. -1:! ,S o o 1 FUNDING: PRIMARY • SECONDARY O I I u c ~ ~ c ~ C ~ "' ;;;- :a ;:g, .. I~ ~ u ·s,.., -, .c Cl J.-1 ,r u ~ Cl :. a • .. ix: " - ! iii! t: -• .. ~ u 0 .,a ti I .. .C Q a (Years) - ., ., O '• i::::z c .~ ., t .s ~ ' ' ~... - ~ c :~ ~ .. 1<1. i g "I ~ .. .. e C~ ,..= ' .!!t ~ ~ O II ~ ~ ~ ,~ , - :, t ix: ~ j I I , .~ .e ' I I CCI C uO - !! WI C Vl ~ :; -< o 1 ·c 1,1.. 'I "' "5 I i -~] "., - ~ ' C .~ a o < ~ § ~ ~ f,- - o :: o ... ~ '"' o ..,• "ll oij ~ ~ ~ u • ::, -~ RF.SIDENTIAL GROWTH Identify areas for cluster development I ligher density (cluster) development will be located on main transportation thoroughfares Minimire residential de~~lop~~~~;; prime agricultural-l~;;Js tfuo~-gh ___ appropriate zoning standards Control township development standards, code enforcement and administration through the Plan and the Zoning Ordinance Encourage a balance of housing types in the Township I ••• ---~--•• • l• l• I I --~- • •I ••• ••• • I I I I 1-1---T-r--1-1-• ---------------1---t--1-1--1---l----t--1 D r •- ,--- ~ :~1 111111 ••D •D •• D D D • -~ Encourage farml~d_p~eserva~ion through PDR, TOR., LOR, or other innovative preservation techmques Edu~~i~-,h~ p~blic on the differences between agriculture and open space Provide for buffers between agricultural and residential uses Develop incentives for agricultural protection 1-----•-·--I ---~ 1--- -- -- - •• • • • I• D - -- • 1 D D •• • •• • QI •• Q •• • Q• • •\• • • • ••• D • ~ - --- --- - - D D .I ACTIONS: I I .• ., ,., )-,-•~--•--•-----•-- I I I J I [Q ---1--1---1--•-•---,--,--,----•--- • • COMMERCIAUINDUSTRIAL Ensure development of new commercial facilities will minimize conflicts with ~~= Adopt and apply development and design standards that embrace and encour_a_!l_e the village concept or Planned Unit Developments • • ••• D • • ';" .i. J J ---- •:: :[[i I I_U. 10 ' . . . AGRICULTURE Identify existing farmland to promote as preservation areas •--•--•-- O 1 All new~esid~ntial development in the Township will depend on independent well and septic systems ACflONS: I •• I I I J J I �@ ARCHITECTS ENGINEERS PLANNERS SURVEYORS GOVE ASSOCIATES, INC. PARTICIPANTS: :s" 1601 PORTAGE STREET KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN 49001 (616) 385-0011 0 E E 0 .." " 0 u Bingham Township . • -a ·;; 0 •" ii: = ll. :;; IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE PRIMARY • SECONDARY I ll. :.;; 'C t: • vi ll. :.;; .a. .. 'C ·;; oE0 8 E! 0 u C ·c: t:. .c ~ ~ cii: ". ·.;-""" .... .... .... z z 0 0 Adopt and apply site design and sign standards for both permitted and special commercial and industrial land uses -- Encm_;;:;g~-th;i;;;-prov~ent of existing commercial areas, both aesthetically-and functionally, to serve their neighborhoods ----Provide for adequate access for fire and rescue services for all commercial and industrial locations Ensur-;-th-~t commercial and industrial facilities do not require public water and sewer facilities Ensure that home based businesses and occupations have minimal impact on residential neighborhoods Ensure that new industrial facilities are developed so as to minimize conflict with other land uses Ensure that new industrial development is located near transportation and utility facilities that are adequate for the development's needs ACTIONS: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 0 0 • • • • • • • --- --- --- -- - ' - I "E :i -~ 00 ,i "'u . :;;: 0 It ..l 1-:i -" u :;; u O' Q •"u .c l;• "" 0 u • • ·- Ii " ;.. -£ i:. 0 t: :, .." .. 0 I I .... 0 -~~ ~ ~ . u !!" .:i ~ . -a ;;; " 0 0 t: aE 0 u -ii" 0 • • - ---- • <I) :! •> ';-.I lJJ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ·-- • • • • • • • • • -- - - -- - - ---- • • ;E • -- -·- ---- • • • ·--· :I. ." .." ." " .; 0 ~ t: 0 'u' ~ i ';" ' : I~ :a" ' .. E -" .. I" 0 I ii . ,." > llC " ....• • • • • • • • • • • •0 • ••• ••• ••• • • • • • • • • C, • • •••• •• •• •• •• •• 8 M --: • • • • • • • i u '? t: .9 I 1 I~,~ - I::, I" l - I ., 1~ I C.., ' :0 ' I~ "- u O' I< ~ ~ I~ Z [o ~ If-, --- " ., i~ g < 5l ~ ·- -- - - - i I,&., - " 0 .c 0 ,a ·c > 0 "- "- - - -- -· - • • • -- - • --- - -- -· -- - · - • 0 --- - ' "C -- - ---- ·- . . a ,5 . . "" ·c:• :f :~ ·--- ··--- •0 • • ••• • ••• " .D ·c: c0 "." ' -s. E .:- I e .~ p::i --- - - --- .2 ~;~·~ ~lg ~ i~ .!! u .. l:! 'a ' 0 SECONDARY C ! "E I jS '"'~ • I i .9 u .."" ." . -e. " . - ,5 • .!, PRIMARY FUNDING: 0 -" • • • -·- TIMING (Years) -.. "'- 6 t2. - .... ·- PUBLIC FACILITIES/UTILITIES/SERVICES Continue and encourage cooperation with neighboring jurisdiction to provide quality public services and facilities Ensure that all development complies with health and safety standards and provides necessary services Encourage interdepartmental cooperation and coordination of police, fire, and rescue services to achieve township-wide coverage and availablitiy Ensure the orderly development of commercial recreation to reduce conflict with adjoining land uses Use the future land use elements of the Plan as a guide for the location of future community recreation sites Use MDNR.-standards as a "triggering" mechanism to determine the timing and character of additional parks Maintain an up-to-date Recreation Plan to state the recreation goals of the community _______ Encourage the multi-functional use of recreation areas for open space, forestry, noodplain or water resource conservation and historical preservation D 0 0 - ----- - - ---- 0 --·-- ·-- --- -· -- - ---- - ----- ---- - · - 0 - - -- ·-· --- - -- I �GOVE ASSOCIATES INC. @ ARCHITECTS ENGINEERS PLANNERS SURVEYORS PARTICIPANTS: ' PRIMARY , • SECONDARY 1 g 1601 PORTAGE STREET KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN 49001 1616) J85-00 11 I ~8 ~ ~ ~ .. "~ g5 s: . rn ~ Cl, ~ Cl, ~ Cl, i:: "' "' " "',.., ; ; OI IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE i:: OI ~ ~ OI .~ ~ ~ ~ s ~ U ~ lo> 1c., 1 - ·E ~ iS -5 ~ ~ g OI - o~ 1; e :_g Ul _ u ~ ~ g ':: ~ , i ~ ~ 2 2 ~ U ,: C: •ll-. e"'- .,.. 0 A ~ ..~ ~.. ~ .:J ~ - .. A .., ] ~ ~ .. 0 ~ 0 .. ~ v TIMING (Years) FUNDING: 1 i , ;e _ .. -sO .C ~ t: i "' ;-- I : · , :. "Zl - .C ~ .., ~ C c e ~ ;!; 1~ ~ : 'o I .C iJ,,,,,I I • _ , 1 .s ~ ' "6 ., ~ .C . R - ~ I.!! l&J c " ! :: ' x_ ; E i=e C :~ '"' 1g: !A '~ ·c .l:' - ~ u .. ~ e "'~ ~ E I "',. , 0 g =~ ~ u , .g l: " ~ -" ; '2 E E : i .. g:; .. I< g - t :_ c : 1 0 SECONDARY l'l u ,u:x • e PRIMARY , i.9 :.€ I 41 - , I "S .... -0 oD .. ~l: t ~"e a : ~ D -DI I, § , :; :E , 1 ( .!! i ! ·01, : " :, U . ham T owns h"1p B mg I , W ~ -; ~ - l3c ·~.. -s0 A ~ ~ ~ ., o < ~ § ,, ~ ~ !!l ~ - g -~ ~ i,.. ACTIONS: TRANSPORTATION Maintain, where possible, the natural character of roads and the surrounding =___ Encourage the use of the major thoroughfares, while discouraging through traffic on rural residential roads Utilize highway facility improvements as a positive guide to direct or enhance the land use relationship Coordinate transportation planning with adjacent jurisdictions, the county, the regionandthestate. Ens~~-the safe use of roads for pedestrian and non-motorized activities ACTIONS: • • D D • D • • • • • ••••• •• • • -- D D • • • ••• D D • •• o •• 0 •• • ••• • •••- eo -- -- - - -- • • -- - - · - ·- --- • • 0 OPEN SPACE/NATURAL RESOURCES Identify areas suitable for certain types of land uses and the development limitations of these sites Discourage private development of well ands, floodplains and watercourses • • •••• Pro~otidua_l_lan_d_u_se_s_(_e-.g-.a-gn~.c-u-ltur_e/_o_pen __sp_a_c_e_)-w-h-ic_h_e_n-co_ura_g_e_a_n_d---1-- - - - - enhance private ownership of non-developed lands D • D • Encourage cluster development that protects sites containing wetlands, forest, wildlife habitats or waler resources Discourage imappropriale development that will interfer with lhe continued use and conservation of important natural resources Develop and i~titut~~propri~te flood and erosion controls lo minimize flood damage and maitain water quality Identify unique naturalareas ---- -----~ • • • • D D • D ••• D D D D • • D D D D D D D D D --- ·- -- -- - - - ~ • -· D • • • •• e •• • ••• • ••• • • • 0 O 0 0 0 -- ------•--+----+_ ____, __ _ · - 0 - - 0 -- ---- - · • • • • 0 -Develop land use guidelines to protect and preserve unique natural areas -0 • • 0 • • •• e e 0 - ------··"·-· --cc---;--;::;:--:--:-c-----;--,----,---;:------t---t---t--t---t---t--~--+---t--t---+-+--!t---+-+--!t---t----t--!--t----t--1--+--+--f--+-+--+-+-l-----l Par1icipate in regional efforts to improve and protect water quality ••••• • ••• •••e O 0 - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___L_ _L,__.l__ -- - - - ~ - ~ - ~ ~ - - ' "..J I m I I I I I ) I I I I J I I ) �- - - Appendix A Community Surveys and Citizen Planning Committee Reports �- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Survey Results COMMUNITY SURVEY (1997) (Conducted by Northwestern Michigan College) When asked whether the Township should consider a local "purchase of development rights" program ... The majority of respondents (65.6%) reported that they either somewhat or strongly agreed with this statement, while 19.8 percent were undecided and 14.5 percent disagreed. - An overwhelming majority or respondents agreed to some degree that :farmland is an important element o:f the township's character (95.7%) and that :farming activities should be encouraged (92.3%). The majority of respondents (66.4%) disagreed to some extent with the suggestion that development of duplexes and townhouses should be supported. Similarly, the majority of respondents indicated that they disagreed to some Tbe majority o:f respondents extent with the suggestion that development of (62.3%) agreed to some eztsnt that new housing developments apartment complexes (76.7%) and mobile home should cluster homes on part of parks (85.5%) should be supported. the parcel and leave remainder in open space. the . With regard to encouragement of shared access "· ,,. _,_,~, ...,, ·· "' ~-, ·~·' driveways along Center Highway, the largest single group of respondents (32.1 %) was undecided as to their level of agreement. Slightly more than one-quarter of respondents were also undecided with regard to shared access driveways along Lake Leelanau Drive, although 47.8% agreed to some extent that shared access driveways should be encouraged in this area. Finally, the majority of respondents (52.7%) agreed to some extent that shared access driveways along West Bay Shore Drive should be encouraged, while 25.3 percent disagreed, and 22.0 percent were undecided. - The majority of respondents (62.3%) agreed to some extent that new housing developments should cluster homes on part of the parcel and leave the remainder in open space, while 21. I percent disagreed to some extent and 16.6 percent were undecided. With regard to new businesses, 56 percent of respondents disagreed to some extent with location these establishments along M-22, while 28.7 percent agreed to some extent, and 15.4 percent were undecided. Approximately 62 percent of respondents agreed to some extent that new businesses should be located in the existing commercial area, while 24.5 percent disagreed to some extent and I3. 9 percent were undecided. The majority of Page I Gove Associo.tes Inc. �- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Survey Results respondents (55.2%) disagreed to some extent that additional land area should be designated for industrial use, while 24.4 percent tended to agree with the statement and 20.3 percent were undecided. Sjngham Townshjp's respondents (81.7%) strongly agreed that visual open areas are an jmportant element or the Townshjp's character. With regard to Bingham Township's natural features, 8 I .7 percent of respondents strongly agreed that visual open areas are an important element of the township's character, while 2.3 percent of respondents disagreed to some extent with this statement. The majority of respondents (90.1 %) also strongly agreed that water bodies are an important element of the township's character, while Respondents (a:)$) strongly 2 percent disagreed. Eighty percent of respondents agreed that the pollution o:f strongly agreed that the pollution of township water Townshjp water bodies should bodies should be a main concern of the township. be a ma:in concern. The majority of respondents (68.3%) either somewhat or strongly agreed that ex1st1ng recreational facilities and programs met their needs, while 19. 9 percent did not feel that current facilities/programs met their needs, and I 1.8 percent were undecided. Slightly over one-quarter of respondents strongly disagreed with a statement suggesting that the township should consider purchasing and developing additional park lands, while remaining respondents were relatively evenly split between other levels of agreement. Finally 66.6 percent of respondents indicated that they either somewhat or strongly agree that bicycle paths should be provided along existing roadways, while 21. 9 percent indicated that they somewhat or - strongly disagree, and I 1.5 percent were undecided. Over 50 percent of respondents agreed that hiking trails, picnic areas, and bicycle paths should be expanded or added in Bingham Township. Fifty percent or more of respondents disagreed with expansion and /or addition of snowmobile trails, ice skating rinks, and boat launch/access sites. It should be noted, however, that a number of respondents were undecided with regard to expansion and/or addition of any of the above recreational facilities. Page 2 Gove Associa.tes Inc. �- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Survey Results LARGE PARCEL LANDOWNER SURVEY (1997) (Conducted by Department of Landscape Architecture, Michigan State University) The majority of those surveyed were the primary managers of the farm, and indicated they would continue to farm for the next I O years. The respondents indicated that property taxes, agricultural markets/ economics, land use regulations, development pressure and government regulations were all important factors affecting future farming. The majority of those surveyed indicated that they would not sell some or all of their land, and would prefer the land to remain in agriculture. The survey participants were asked about their understanding and opinion about three zoning options for rural preservation. These options included large lot zoning, density zoning, and rural clustering. The respondents were asked to rate their understanding of each zoning concept and rate the effectiveness of these options toward the goal of preserving agriculture in the Township. Rural Clustering received the greatest support both in terms of being understood by the participants and the options ability to improve the ability to farm. Large lot zoning received the lowest level of support. Survey participants were asked to rate four development rights options: Purchase (PDR), Leasing (LOR), Donation (DOR) and Transfer (TOR) of development rights. Survey results indicate that the greatest support was for a PDR program, followed by TOR, DOR, and LOR programs. It was noted, however, that though there was support for many of these options, there was a large difference in opinion among respondents. In general, the survey indicated that long-term residents with a tie to the land through tenure or birthright tended to favor PDR, while newer residents with a more business oriented relationship to the land favored LOR. J_: Other protection strategies for agriculture were also surveyed. These strategies included The survey indicated that :in gen- -1 eral the Jong-term residents with a 1 tie to the land through tenure or birthright tended to favor PDR. while newer residents with a more business oriented relationship to the land favored LDR. J L •• • - ~-" · - • ---- > .--... ~--""·-~- c¼' an impact fee for agriculture-to-residential conversion; a farmland exemption from cap removal when property transfers within a family; a tax differential with farmland without structures being taxed at a different rate than farmland with structures; and the creation of a voluntary agricultural security zone. Of these options, the cap removal was rated strongly acceptable, the tax differential and the agricultural security zone were rated acceptable, and the impact fee option was found to be unacceptable. Page 3 Gove Associa.tes Inc. �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __. lo.nning Reports CITIZEN PLANNING COMMITTEES - Agricultural Committee LAND EVALUATION AND SITE ASSESSMENT FACTORS PRIME, UNIQUE AND VALUABLE FARMLAND PARCEL RANKING SYSTEM OVERVIEW Land Evaluation and Site Assessment (LESA) is an analytical tool to help local officials make decisions. It in itself is not a farmland protection program but a systematic and objective procedure to rate and rank sites for agricultural importance. The procedure is designed to take into account both soil quality and other site factors that influence agricultural productivity or measure development pressure. The land parcel is considered the site for this process. AJI farmland parcels greater than or equal to 40 acres in size will be evaluated in the Township. SITE ASSESSMENT FACTORS (SAi) - These factors measure non-soil site and regional characteristics that could directly affect potential agricultural productivity or farming practices. I. Determine the percent of area in residential land use directly adjacent (perimeter) to the farmland parcel. Rationale. Land uses adjacent to farms can affect the ability of a farmer to conduct normal farming practices. Complaints can arise from residential property owners when normal farming practices cause side effects such as excessive smell, dust, or noise. Therefore, this factor measures the amount of potential conflicting land use occurring along the property boundary of the farmland parcel. Procedure: The percent of conflicting residential land use is measured by calculating the proportion of the farmland parcel's perimeter that is adjacent to residential properties. The measure needs to account for both the length of perimeter and density of conflict. To do this, count the number of residential parcels (improved and vacant), multiply by the average length of the shortest side of the residential parcel(s) boundary. Then divide by the length of the perimeter of the farmland parcel. The resulting number, expressed as a percent, measures conflicting residential land use. Percent 0 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 Points 100 90 80 70 60 Percent 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-100 Points 40 30 20 10 I so Page 1 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __. lanning Reports 2. Determine the proportion of area in urban or developed land use within a .5 mile buffer of the farmland parcel. Rationale: Land uses in the immediate vicinity to farms can also affect the ability of a farmer to conduct agricultural operations. Livestock operations, spraying activities or night operations could potentially cause problems with an area that is developed. An assumption that is made with this factor is, the larger the farmland parcel, the higher relative degree of conflict from the surrounding area it can absorb. Therefore, this factor measures the amount of potential conflicting land use (i.e. residential, commercial, industrial, recreational or other developed land uses) occurring within a .5 mile buffer of the farmland parcel. Procedure. The percent of conflicting land use is measured by counting the number of parcels of a conflicting land use within or intersecting the .5 mile buffer. This number is then divided by the size (in acres) of the farmland parcel being assessed. The resulting number, expressed as a ratio, measures conflicting land use in the area. Ratio of number of conflicting Parcels to farmland parcel size Points 0-.10 .11-20 .21-.30 .31-.40 .41-.50 .51-.60 100 90 80 70 60 50 Ratio of number of conflicting Parcels to farmland parcel size Points .61-.70 .71-.80 .81-.90 .91-1.0 > 1.0 40 30 20 10 0 SITE ASSESSMENT FACTORS (SA2) - These factors measure development pressures that could impact a farm parcel's continued agricultural use. 3. Determine the zoning districts adjacent to the farmland parcel. Rationale: Areas zoned as agriculture is to be predominantly used for agricultural purposes. While single family detached dwelling units are allowed in this zone, it is intended to keep the unique agricultural character of the area intact. This factor measures the amount of land zoned for agricultural use around the perimeter of the farmland parcel. If land adjacent to the farmland parcel is zoned to something other than agriculture, development could arise as a result. Procedure: Assess the surrounding zoning information for the farmland parcel by identifying the adjacent properties' zoning categories. Page 2 - �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___.lo.nning Reports Adjacent zoning Zero sides completely or partially zoned for non-agricultural use One side completely or partially zoned for non-agricultural use Two sides completely or partially zoned for non-agricultural use Three sides completely or partially zoned for non-agricultural use Four or more sides completely or partially zoned for non-agricultural use 4. 100 75 50 25 0 Determine the number and size of parcels that intercept a .5 mile buffer around the farmland that are registered under P.A. I 16. Rationale: Properties in close vicinity to the farmland parcel being assessed provide some protection from development if they are registered under P.A. I 16, the Farmland and Open Space Preservation Act. The greater the number of properties protected and the more acreage that is protected in this .5 mile buffer, the more protection from development the farmland parcel receives. Procedure: To measure how much protection is being provided by the properties surrounding the farmland parcel determine how many parcels are registered under P.A. I 16 that are intercepted by the .5 mile buffer. Then determine the deeded acreage of the parcels and assign factor points based on the table below. P.A. I 16 Registered Sites 0 sites registered: >300 acres 200-299 acres <200 acres 6- I O sites registered: >400 acres 300-399 acres <300acres Points 0 1-5 sites registered: 60 50 40 80 70 60 More than IO sites registered: > 500 acres I00 400-499 acres 90 < 400 acres 80 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Page 3 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __... lo.nning Reports 5. Determine if the farmland parcel is presently registered under P.A. I 16, the Farmland and Open Space Preservation Act. If so, determine how many years are remaining on the agreement. Rationale: If the farmland parcel being assessed is registered under P.A. I 16, the Farmland and Open Space Preservation Act, the parcel is protected from being developed to nonagricultural use. The longer the enrollment is in effect, the more protection from development the parcel receives. Procedure: Determine if the parcel being assessed has a P.A. I 16 agreement and determine how many more years the parcel is enrolled for. SITE ASSESSMENT FACTORS (SA3) - These factors measure public values of a site supporting agricultural use. The factors tend to reflect a broader view of farmland in the landscape. Values such as scenic or historic importance are intangible factors that contribute to the overall quality of life in an area. 6. Is the farmland parcel a centennial farm? Rationale. A centennial farm is a working farm of IO or more acres that has been continuously owned by the same family for at least I 00 years. This strong family tie to the land may impart a feeling among its owners that the best use of the parcel is to remain undeveloped. Procedure: Determine if the farmland parcel is a centennial farm. Is the parcel designated? Yes No 7. Points I 00 0 Does the farmland parcel provide scenic visual value to the rural landscape? Is the parcel visible from a major highway corridor? Rationale: A farmland parcel that provides scenic value along the major transportation corridors in the Township is a critical component to maintaining the rural character of the Township. Parcels that exhibit good scenic quality will be given a higher score. Procedure: Determine which scenic value category exists on the property. For a property to be assessed it must be visible from a major highway or primary county roads such as: I) Fruit Ridge Ave., 2) 4 Mile Road, 3) 6 Mile Road, 4) 7 Mile Road, 5) IO Mile Road, 6) Alpine Ave. and 7) M-37. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Page 4 - - �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___. Janning Reports Scenic value category 5 4 3 2 I 0 Points 100 80 60 40 20 0 not visible from a major highway corridor - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Page 5 �.... FARMLAND AREAS BASED ON L.E.S.A. VARIABLES MAP .... \ ·1 ..,., .... ( - '\ ..., ~ I I .. I : I ..~ I/ ./ " I / .... I I • t I ,/ ~ ------·· Source: Agricultural Committee, 1998 J'\4-,(91 cc1L • INOUST AtAL • IIIISIOINTIA\. r v.eA'- Oo•r #1 <-r L. ~ s. A. t1A.e1A9 L t S. - 8~ "~ �_______________________________. lanning Reports Residential Committee Given that Bingham Township is primarily an agricultural community, and that a recent survey of large parcel landowners strongly favor it remaining primarily agricultural and that this committee concur in that opinion and believe that the majority of residents concur, we recommend the following: • That the purpose of this master plan be to maintain the agricultural base of Bingham Township. • That the residential portion of the plan accommodate an annual population growth rate of 2.5%. • That current zoning be eliminated in favor of overlay districts. • That existing natural areas in the township along West Grand Traverse Bay and along South Lake Leelanau which have primarily a residential and transportation usage should be designated as the residential overlay districts of the township. They are describe as follows: I. South Bayfront Residential District - from the south border of the township to Lee Point Road and from the water's edge to the first ridge to the west (in other words land within site of M-22). 2. North Bayfront Residential District - from Lee Point Road to the northern boundary of the township and from the water's edge to the western boundary of the current residential zone. 3. Southern Lake Leelanau Residential District - from the southern boundary of the township to one mile north of Donner Road and from the water's edge to the eastern boundary of the current residential zone. 4. Northern Lake Leelanau Residential District - from section 13 to the northern boundary of the township, same as the current residential Zone. • The Residential Committee requests help in analyzing the above described new residential overlay districts and accompanying map as follows; • Data gathering -- all missing information from the current county tax records including but not limited to per parcel information on acreage, fronting length, zoning, and vacant or built. • Help in more clearly defining the non-waters edges of these overlay districts. • Legal help in defining the overlay districts • Help with design standards Page 7 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___.. Janning Reports Infrastructure Committee COMMERCIAL GOAL: To maintain neighborhood commercial services for residents of the township, keeping in line with population growth within the township. OBJECTIVES: To provide opportunities, methods or controls to assure • development of any new commercial facilities in such a way as to minimize conflict with other land uses. • creation of development and design standards that embrace and/or encourage the village concept or Planned Unit Developments • improvement of existing commercial areas, both aesthetically and functionally, to serve their neighborhoods • adequate access for fire and rescue services for all commercial locations. • that commercial facilities do not require public water and sewer facilities. HOME BASED BUSINESS GOAL: To allow residents of the township to work out of their home, providing a service to the community, and maintaining the residential nature of the community. OBJECTIVES: To provide opportunities, methods or controls to assure • minimal impact on the residential neighborhood. HOME OCCUPATION GOAL: To allow residents to-operate a non-intrusive enterprise that has no significant impact on the residential community. OBJECTIVES: To provide opportunities, methods or controls to assure • minimal impact on the residential neighborhood. • a service to the community is provided for. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Page 8 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____.lanning Reports INDUSTRIAL GOAL: Limited light industrial development. OBJECTIVES: To provide opportunities, methods or controls to assure • that any new industrial facilities are developed in such a manner that there is minimum conflict with other land uses. • that a tract of land is provided, suitable for selected light industrial development, with provision for adequate transportation access and utilities to serve their needs. • that industries do not require public water and sewer facilities and that they have their own on site treatment. RECREATION GOAL: To provide an adequate range of recreation opportunities for residents of the township. OBJECTIVES: Provide opportunities, methods and/or controls to assure • orderly development of commercial recreation in such a manner that there is optimum utilization of appropriate locations with minimum conflict with adjoining land uses. • reservation of sufficient recreation lands to serve desired population growth with both active and passive recreation potentials. • where possible, multi-functional use of recreation areas for open space, forestry, flood plain or water resource conservation and historical preservation. TRANSPORTATION GOAL: To provide for the efficient and safe movement of traffic through and within the township, while preserving the present road system to the extent that it meets the needs of the community with a minimum of environmental or ecological damage to the township. OBJECTIVES: Provide opportunities, methods or controls to assure O Maintaining wherever possible, the natural character of the roads and surrounding areas. • maximum use of major thoroughfares and discourage traffic through the rural residential roads. Po.ge 9 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __., lo.nning Reports • utilization of highway facility improvement as a positive guide to direct or enhance land use relationship. coordination in planning the township transportation system with adjacent townships, the county, the region and the state. • safe use of roads for pedestrian and non-motorized activities. PUBLIC UTILITIES AND FACILITIES GOAL: Cooperate with and assist public and private entities to provide utilities and public services to the residents of the township. OBJECTIVES: Provide opportunities, methods or controls to assure • highest quality facilities and services necessary to guide and maintain orderly future development. I• imitation of all development unless appropriate health and safety standards are complied with and services provided. PUBLIC SERVICES GOAL: Provide adequate and appropriate public services for the benefit of the people of the township. OBJECTIVES: Provide opportunities, methods or controls to assure • interdepartmental cooperation and coordination of police, fire and rescue services to achieve township-wide coverage and availability. OPEN SPACE GOAL: Encourage open space, scenic and natural areas. OBJECTIVES: Provide opportunities, methods or controls to assure • non-development of public and privately owned lands with open space potential. • promotion of dual land uses (e.g. agriculture / open space ) which encourage and enhance private ownership of non-developed lands. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Page 10 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __. lo.nning Reports • protection of unique natural areas, swampland, forests and watercourses from Urban types of development. • encouragement of open space, appropriately located ,n all land use areas. NATURAL RESOURCES GOAL: Optimum utilization of land, water, air and natural resources, including their preservation and conservation. OBJECTIVES: Provide opportunities, methods or controls to assure • continued and future use and conservation of natural resources inappropriate development of conflicting land uses. by preventing • development of flood and erosion controls to minimize flood damage and maintain water quality levels. • preservation of unique natural areas which cannot be replaced if destroyed, misused or neglected. • non-pollution of soil, water and air resources by any segment of the community be it governmental, industrial, agricultural, or private. • a pattern of land use to shape and guide development away from ecologically sensitive areas. • encouragement of open space, appropriately located, in all land use areas. POPULATION DENSITY GOAL: Guide and control population densities and distribution in order to maintain a rural atmosphere, ecological balance, open space, high levels of sanitation and low levels of pollution. OBJECTIVES: To provide opportunities, methods or controls to assure Control population density in such a manner that overall high density does not take place. • Higher density in selected areas. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Page 11 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___. lanning Reports • Maintain the rural atmosphere of the township. • Rationally control township development standards, code enforcement and administration. LAND USE PLAN COMMERCIAL development in Bingham Township is serves the local neighborhood. INDUSTRIAL expansion is not expected to be significant. Further industrial expansion should 11 be light industry and 11 industrial park oriented. AREAS OF CRITICAL CONCERN The most critical portion of the planning of environmentally sensitive areas involves defining what environmental factors or conditions warrant protection. Although this listing is not intended to be all-inclusive, it represents the principal environmental factors considered: *excessive slope areas *areas with other soil limitations *riverine areas *dune formation and major sand areas *marshland areas *Grand Traverse Bay and inland lake shorelines. These critical areas do not dictate land use, but demand additional restrictions be considered prior to an appropriate use being developed. It is clear that these areas extend through much of the land already under development, but any new development must be built in such a manner as to minimize its impact on the environmental quality of the area. In this regard, regulations must be strict, but not unreasonable. The protection of certain areas does not require non-development, but merely conformance with certain performance standards. In development of the plan, however, environmental concerns have dictated, to a certain degree, the type of land use recommended for specific areas. Some of these areas are already under some degree of control because of State and Federal legislation. PUBLIC;SEMI PUBLIC USES: Consideration should be given to public land, buildings, and recreation sites. TRANSPORTATION PLAN: Transportation planning is a continuous process that is necessary if the movement of people and goods is to be managed effectively in the township. Planning for the township road system must consider not only local traffic, but also the regional movement of vehicles. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Page 12 �- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___. lo.nning Reports RECREATION PLAN: The recreation plan is concerned with not only provisions of additional facilities for residents and the vacationing public, but the protection and, if possible, enhancement of any area that is considered for recreational use. The structure of the recreation plan is largely dictated by the distribution of ex1st1ng recreational attractions, natural recreation potentials, the objectives of the federal, state and local agencies, and of the citizens of the township. The latter were expressed through the Citizens Advisory Committee recommendations and the county-wide public attitude survey. Private and Commercial Facilities: These facilities have manifested themselves in Leelanau County in the typical range of activities associated with higher cost or where the public is willing to pay for the privilege of participation. These have included campgrounds, trailer parks, and more recently large scale recreation communities which have included multiple recreational uses as the focal point or nucleus for a residential development. In any such development in Bingham Township the greatest care should be taken to prevent individual and natural conflicts of misuse. Because any such endeavor is necessarily a profit making operation, problems arise from over development by competing organizations. The point is neither to eliminate competition nor to stifle enterprise, but to make them responsive not only to the vacationing public, but to the needs of the township, the resident population and the natural environment as well. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES: These have been expressed already in the comprehensive plan as goals and objectives for recreation and for open space. They emphasize the importance of open space and concern for the natural environment. Publicly owned facilities should not be expanded beyond their present size and activity, or that already planned and made public. Commercial recreation needs should be met through improvement of present facilities, and appropriate guidance and control of all new developments. - General Recommendations I . Care should be taken to protect adjoining property owners. 2. Recreation uses should not endanger lands well adapted to agriculture or residential use. 3. Recreation uses should not infringe upon the quality of open space, forest, hills, bluffs, orchards, lakes, shorelines or embayments, but should protect the natural environment. 4. Recreation sites should be planned so that the uses have minimal conflict with the neighbors and with the environment. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Po.ge 13 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___. Janning Reports 5. Conservation areas around lakes and along rivers and streams should be preserved. 6. Commercial recreation uses should be placed, like public facilities, to lessen disruptive effects on the environment or surrounding uses. 7. School-supplied recreation should be encouraged 1n the total township recreation program. 8. The township should participate in the planning and placement of all recreation facilities. 9. Any signing and marking should be unobtrusive. COMMUNITY SERVICES AND FACILITIES PLANS: Community services and facilities are necessities in the operation of the township. They are provided by the township or other local taxing unit and serve all the people in its jurisdiction. Public Buildings and Facilities: The needs of the township for public buildings and facilities are modest but critical. The township hall and offices need to be expanded as the community needs grow. Fire protection and ambulanee/rescue services are provided by a volunteer unit serving Bingham and Suttons Bay townships, based in Suttons Bay. The library in Suttons Bay is also supported by Bingham Township funds. Residents may use the Traverse City Library without charge. Schools: The Suttons Bay Public School District includes Bingham Township. It offers a K through 12 program. Recent expansion has kept pace with enrollment and should serve the two townships for some years. Further expansion of the elementary school at it present site will have to be weighed against the advantages of a second elementary school at some other site closer to the student population being served. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Page 14 �- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __.lo.nning Reports Utilities: Bingham Township, as a rural township, should not need to provide public water and sewers. ·- Solid waste disposal is provided for by the county-operated sanitary landfill, a 40 acre site fully equipped to bury all refuse in the county. It is expected to serve the county's needs for 20-40 years. Garbage collection is available from several private operators. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Page 15 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _____.. lo.nning Reports Public Meeting Issues Identification December 1998 I. Population Target of 3,000 by 2020 2. Agriculture a. Encourage preservation through PDR/TDR b. Identify areas for Cluster Development c. Educate public to outline differences between Agriculture and Open Space d. Develop buffers between Agriculture and Residential e. Tax Abatement or Incentives for Agriculture 3. Industry: No changes to current distribution 4. Residential: a. Clustered, b. Balance of housing types c. Increase residential density near main arteries 5. Commerciai: a. Neighborhood/local commercial b. Some expansion in reasonable areas 6. Coastal Zone a. Participation in Regional efforts to protect or improve water quality b. Preservation of existing wetlands 7. Transportation a. Traffic problems on CR 641 and M-22 b. Keep traffic out of other parts of the Township c. Reduce land uses that are too intensive for existing roads _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Page 16 �- - Appendix 13 Population Projections - - �- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Population Projections CONSTANT PROPORTION METHOD: This method assumes that Bingham Township will maintain the same percentage of Leelanau .County's population in future years as it has in the past. Bingham Township made up an average of 12 percent of Leelanau County's total population between 1980 to 1994. Population projections for Leelanau County were generated by the Michigan Department of Management and Budget. Population Projection - Constant Proportion - Year County Township 1980 1990 1994 2000 2005 2010 2015 14,007 1,546 16,527 2,051 18,122 2,073 19,354 2,245 19,991 2,319 20,610 2,391 21,407 2,483 22,240 2,580 2020 GROWTH RATE METHOD: This method projects future population growth based on the Township's rate of growth in the past. From 1960 to 1995 Bingham Township's population grew at an average rate of 4.9 percent annually. The first column shows the population if growth continues at the same rate. The second column show the population at a 2.5% growth rate. Population Projection: Growth Rate - Year Population Population @ 2.5% Growth 1960 1970 '1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 625 916 1,546 2,051 2,073 2,584 3,222 4,017 5,007 6,242 625 916 1,546 2,051 2,073 2,332 2,624 2,952 3,321 3,736 Page 1 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Populo.tion Projections ARITHMETIC METHOD: In the arithmetic method population growth is based on the average increase of persons per year from 1970 to 1990. Bingham Township gained an average of 56.8 persons each year. Population Projection: Arithmetic Method Year Population 1970 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 916 1,546 2,051 2,073 2,357 2,641 2,924 3,208 3,492 HOUSING TREND METHOD: This method uses past trends in housing construction to gauge future development trends in the Township. The development trend can then be used to estimate future population increases. From 1980 to 1998, 509 units were added in the Township. The average number of persons per housing unit was assumed to remain constant at the 1995 level of 2.0 persons/unit. Population Projection: Housing Trend Method Year Housing Units Population 1980 1990 1998 765 1,017 1,274 1,546 2,051 2,548 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 1331 1,472 1,613 1,755 1,896 2,661 2,944 3,227 3,509 3,792 Page 2 �- _____________________ _ _____ Populo.tion Projections Summary of Population Projections 6500 6000 5500 5000 C - - Constant Proportion Growth Rate - - Growth Rate @ 2.5% - - Arithmetic - - Housing Trend 4500 0 ;I C'G '3 4000 0. 0 0.. 3500 3000 2500 2000 - 1500 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Year - - Page 3 �- - Appendix C Design Sta.nda.rds �- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - D e s i g n Standards This appendix contains suggested standards of design for future and ex1stmg development in Bingham Township. The standards are shown to help Township officials, developers, and the public understand ways in which development can be incorporated into the Township, while reducing the development's deleterious effects on the environment. The standards shown below are not meant to be exhaustive or exclusive of other innovative design approaches. Rather, they are presented as a guide, challenging future development to find approaches that are both economically viable and environmentally responsible. Cluster (Open Space) Development Cluster Conventional SOURCE: Better Site Design, Center for Watershed Protection, 1998. - Cluster development is an alternative to conventional subdivisions that concentrates housing at higher densities and provides for public open space within a designated project area. It is more efficient and environmentally sensitive that the standard subdivision, which typically allocated the entire development to private lots and easements for streets and sidewalks. Perception Facts, Case Studies, and Challenges 1. Smaller lot sizes and compact FACT: Many studies show that open space designs development are perceived as are highly desirable and have economic less marketable advantages including cost savings and higher market appreciation FACT: A survey of recent home buyers conducted by American Lives Inc. noted that 77% of the respondents rated natural open space as extremely important Page 1 �- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - D e s i g n Standards 2. Open space developments CHALLENGE: Generally, additional time, public often reqmre a special hearings, and special reviews are required to exception approval process implement open space designs, even when the community has an open · space ordinance. While developers are interested in reduced construction costs and market absorption rate, the total amount of time required for the project is a major driving force. 3. Open space developments are FACT: There are many examples of moderate and perceived as applicable only lower income open space developments for upper income housing. 4. Open space developments are FACT: Open space design allows preservation of perceived as incompatible natural areas, using less space for streets , with adjacent land uses and sidewalks, parking lots, and driveways. are often equated with FACT: A good design utilizing buffers can help increased noise and traffic alleviate incompatibility with adjacent land uses and still maintain the character of the area FACT: If the number of residential units built is kept the same as the non open space designs, traffic impacts on the surrounding area should be similar. SOURCE: Better Site Design, Center for Watershed Protection, 1998. Page 2 - �- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - D e s i g n Standards Shoreline Management of Lakes and Streams The shoreline is the area immediately adjacent to a lake or stream. These areas are extremely important to the health of the waterbody. Improper management of the shoreline can lead to degraded lake and Traditional lakeehors devslopmsnt streams, subsequently affecting the environment of the entire region. Below are some design considerations that will lead to proper management of the shoreline areas. Through these management strategies, it is possible to maintain the biological integrity of the area, while integrating individual parcel owner needs. Prefsrrad lakr.ihore developmsnt Two important tools for protecting shoreline areas from private development are setbacks of the primary structure from the shoreline and the establishment of natural vegetative buffers. Existing shoreline land owners and residents should be encouraged to be the stewards of these fragile and important natural areas. New development should follow best development practices for lakeshores. Some of the recommended practices include: • Preserving the natural vegetation buffer adjacent to the waterbody • Provide ample setbacks for septic tanks and drainfields - • Reduce the eros10n and sedimentation potential • Minimize tree cutting or thinning of trees adjacent to water bodies • Direct stormwater runoff into lawn or garden areas, so they may filter the water before it enters the waterbody. • Establish a compost pile for organic wastes, such as leaves and kitchen waste. • Avoid the use of fertilizers. Page 3 �- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - D e s i g n Standards • Gauge watering to plant requirements • Consider alternatives to chemical use to control specific insects and weeds. • Choose the right grass and plants for your site. Where possible, choose native plant species for you lakeshore and streamside greenbelts (see list below). NATIVE PLANT SPECIES Groundcovers: Turf grass Periwinkle Wintergreen Lily of the Valley Ostrich Fem Forget-me-Not Shrubs: Gray Dogwood Silky Dogwood Crab Apple Canada Yew Red Osier Dogwood Blueberry Highbush Cranberry Potentilla Trees: Red Maple Yell ow Birch White Birch Sugar Maple American Beech White Pine Balsam Fir White Spruce Black Spruce White Ash American Basswood White Oak Black Willow White Cedar Black Ash Tamarack (larch) - - Source: Lake Leelanau Landowner's Handbook Page 4 �- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - D e s i g n Standards - Wetland Protection and Management Wetlands are important natural areas in the landscape. They serve to buffer stormwater discharges and prevent flooding, filter runoff to reduce sedimentation of lakes and streams, prevent the release of harmful fertilizers and pesticides to other waterbodies, reduce streambank erosion, and provide a habitat for fish and wildlife. Because of the importance of these areas, regulations on the state level have been institued. The Goemaere-Anderson Wetland Protection Act (Act 203 of 1979) is the primary law that governs wetlands. This act authorized more stringent and broader regulation by local governments. Similar to the Shoreline management strategies above, the use of buffers provide the best protection for wetland areas. Natural vegetation should be maintained and native plant species only should be used for landscaping around these areas. The illustration below depicts a potential wetlands buffer. Delineated w~land boundary ~I I WatercourM or w~land (or other natural feature a5 d<ffined in ordinance) Development pemiitted Potential natural featurc5 buffer Source: Planning and Zoning Center, Inc. Page 5 �- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - D e s i g n Standards On-Site Sewage Disposal All sewage in Bingham Township is treated on-site through the use of septic systems. For the most part, septic systems do a good job in treating waste and protecting surrounding waterbodies from nutients. The systems do require maintenance and attention from the land owners to assure they are functioning properly. Below are some recommendations: • Become familiar with the location and function of your septic system. Remember that you are responsible for the function of the system and must remain vigilant to potential problems. • Where possible, keep septic systems 100 foot away from lakes, streams and wetlands. This prevents the leaching of nutients into the lake, causing weeds and turbidity (unclear water). • Keep Drainfields clear of trees. drainfield. • Watch for signs of septic system damage or failure. Foul odors, backed up plumbing, soggy ground or lush grass on the drainfield signal potential problems. Call a professional for analysis and repairs of these problems. • Be careful what goes down the drain. Household chemicals and cleaners may kill the bacteria that breakdown the waste in the septic tank. • Conserve Water. The more water that flows through the septic system, the faster nutrients will be released into the ground. Distribute laundry load throughout the week to avoid overloading the system. Root systems will clog and interfere with the Stormwater Management Impervious surfaces are those surfaces that do not allow water to penetrate, and include streets, parking lots, driveways, and rooftops. Impervious surfaces tend to collect harmful substances over time, such as oil and gasoline, so when it rains the rainwater "runs-off' these surfaces carrying the harmful substances with them, polluting local waterbodies. This type of pollution, termed "nonpoint source pollution", is one of the leading causes of water pollution in American today. Since pollution from impervious surfaces does not come from one source, it is difficult to regulate and manage. Therefore, individual landowner have a special obligation to reduce the amount of runoff from their property in order to contribute to the health of the region's water resources. Shoreline property owners in particular need to be stewards of the water resources in order to enjoy the many benefits waterfront property bestows. Page 6 �- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - D e s i g n Standards • • • • • In order to reduce stormwater runoff, consider following these simple guidelines: Divert runoff from driveways, roofs and roads away from waterbodies. Encourage runoff to flow shallowly over vegetated areas Divert runoff to on-lot swales and stormwater retention areas Design and landscape to minimize rainwater run-off Woodland and Slope Protection Woodlands are important resources that provide recreational, aesthetic and environmental benefits. They also serve as important buffers between different land uses, filtering dust and noise, and protect steep slopes from erosion. New development currently has no incentive to protect existing woodlands. Below are some recommendations for protecting these areas: • Trees should be cleared only in areas needed for development. - • Clusters of environmentally important woodlands should be conserved, and structures placed around designated tree clusters. - • Trees over six inches in diameter should be shown on site design and a given percentage of those trees should be preserved ( e.g. 50-90 percent). • More stringent tree protection standards should apply in areas with severe design limitations, such as steep slopes and highly erodible soils. • Tree preservation areas should be established along front and side lot lines, particular in areas where different land uses are adjoining (e.g. agriculture and residential) - CLEAR MINIMUM AREA NECESSARY PLACE ACCESS ROAD-.BEHIND RIDGE LINE SOURCE: Grand Traverse Bay Region Development Guidebook, 1992 Page 7 �- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - D e s i g n Standards - References: Arendt, Randell, Rural by Design: Maintaining Small Town Character. Planning Association, Chicago, IL 1994. American Arendt, Randell, Conservation Design for Subdivisions: A practical guide to creating open space networks. Island Press, Washington D.C. 1996. Better Site Design: A Handbook for Changing Development Rules in Your Community. Center for Watershed Protection, Ellicott City, MD 1998. Grand Traverse Bay Region Development Guidebook. Lansing, MI 1992. Planning and Zoning Center, Land Use Tools and Techniques: A Handbook for Local Communities, Southeast Michigan Council of Governments, Detroit, Michigan 1994 - Stone, Mark and Mary Taylor, The Leelanau Watershed Landowner's Handbook, Fen's Rim Publishers - Page 8 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bingham-Twp_Comprehensive-Plan_2005 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gove Associates, Inc. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005-09-01 Title A name given to the resource Comprehensive Plan Description An account of the resource The Comprehensive Plan for Bingham Township was prepared by Gove Associates, Inc. and was approved on September 1, 2005. Subject The topic of the resource Comprehensive plan publications Bingham Township (Mich.) Leelanau County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e161e77d4ac8eadf75af2744dc807970.pdf 266030b6bbe56da4ccb44c0aa653c025 PDF Text Text Comprehensive Plan �Delta Township Co111preh.ensive Plan Prepared for: DELTA TOWNSHIP Lansin5, Michie,an June2004 Project No. E16316 PreparedblJ: 0 © Gove Associates, Inc. 1601 Portaee Street Kalamazoo, Michiean 49001 �1"11.13,f.'E rYF CONTEN1"S .Sulion I - Communi'J 'Pro{ife Introduction Location Natural Features Map 1 - 1 Soils Map 1-2 Water Features Infrastructure Map 1-3 Sanitary Sewer Service Area Map 1-4 Water Service Area Public Services Map 1-5 School District Boundaries Map 1-6 Parks and Recreation Areas Introduction Population Housing Education and Economics 1 .sulion., - 'E;tim"!} jj,,u{ 1.ue 1 1 2 3 5 6 8 10 11 14 16 19 19 27 32 1 Introduction Land Use Classifications Land Use Distribution Summary Map 3- 1 Existing Land Use Map 39 39 41 46 47 .Sulion 4 - Communi'J 9npul Public Participation Survey Overview 49 49 .Sulion 5- /J-oAfr AndO!juliflM Goals 61 Future Development Concept Future Land Use Map 6-1 Future Land Use Map 69 70 82 .Sulion 7 - 9mplemenu,lion Introduction Implementation Schedule Appendix A - National Functional Classification Map Appendix B - Delta Township Community Opinion Survey Appendix C - Proposed Sidewalks and Trails Map 83 87 �Section I Communi tfJro{ife INTRODUCTION Delta Township is a Charter Township with a Supervisor, Clerk, Treasurer and four Trustees. The Township Hall is located on West Saginaw Highway (M-43) just east of the I-96/Saginaw Highway interchange. As a Charter Township, Delta Township has basic powers granted to general law townships by state statute as well as the power to level more millage (up to 5 mills or 10 mills with the electorate's approval) and protect itself from annexation. Those powers include the ability to hire a manager, assessor, police or fire chief, superintendent and other necessary personnel. Townships are mandated to administer assessments, hold elections, and collect taxes. They are also responsible for financial administration, including budgets, accounting, investments and deposits. In addition, townships may enact and enforce ordinances, which include zoning ordinances. The Township manages the use of land under the Delta Township Zoning Ordinance, which is administered by the Township's Planning Director. Therefore, the Township has the sole responsibility for the development of its zoning ordinance and map. The Comprehensive Plan is a long-range document intended to guide growth and development in the Township. The Plan, drafted as per the provisions of Michigan's Municipal Planning Act (Act 285 of 1 931 ), is required to be reviewed every five years. The plan has a long-range focus of up to 20 years in the future. A component of the Com rehensive Plan is the Future Land Use Map which serves as the basis for Township zoning and subdivision regulations. \_ LOCATION q Delta Township is located in the northeastern corner of Eaton County, in the southcentral region of I ~ -+--+---+---+--~- -7 ) eastern borders are shared with the counties of west of Delta Township are the townships of Windsor and Oneida. ( Jlf-w,- - - - - r - - - t - - t - ~ Michigan's Lower Peninsula. The Township's north and Clinton and Ingham, respectively. To the south and ·--. ,; I ,., . J _.-(' r- ""'\ .. r / /'L ( ' l l \ The Township is located at Township 4 North, Range 3 West and generally encompasses 36 contiguous land sections, or approximately 36 square miles. A small portion of the City of Lansing spills over into / Delta Township from Ingham County and occupies much of section 36. • �Section I Communi fJro{ife are an essential part of Delta Township's NATURAL FEATURES Natural features are an essential part of Delta Township's attractiveness to residents and visitors. An understanding of Delta Township's land and water resources can help further define where certain land use activities should occur within its borders. The composition of local soils, the Township's general vegetation, and the quality and quantity of water all help determine the ability of the Township to locate, support and sustain different types of land development. Natural features can also help Township officials justify the denial of some development, based on the ability of the natural environment to support it. The following describes these natural elements in more detail: Local Soils Soils are the building blocks that define the types of activities that can be sustained on the land. For example, the type of vegetation and drainage that occur naturally in an area is determined by the soil. Soils also help determine where buildings, roads and other man-made structures can best be located. Classifications of Delta Township's soil have been identified and mapped by the Soil Conservation Service in the 1978 Soil Survey of Eaton County, Michigan. There are four different soil associations within Delta Township (Map l - l ). Each of these types has their own unique characteristics, including limitations for development, recreation and agriculture. The majority of these soil types are a part of the Marlette-Capac and the Marlette-Capac-Owosso associations. The Marlette-Capac association is defined as soils that are classified as nearly level to gently undulating, well drained to somewhat poorly drained loamy soils on till plains. These soils are found in much of the central and western portions of the Township. The Marlette-Capac-Owosso association is classified as nearly level to hilly, well drained to somewhat poorly drained, loamy soils on moraines and till plains. These soils are found in the northern and eastern portions of the Township. �Section f CommunifJ fJro{ile The Houghton-Gilford-Adrain soil classification found in the southwest corner of the Township presents various prob lems for ur ban-type development. This soil type is most conducive to agricultural activities such as the sod farms that predominate in the area. The Houghton-Gilford-Adrian association and the Capac-Parkhill association make up the remaining portion of the Township. The Houghton-Gilford-Adrian association is identified as nearly level, very poorly drained, mucky and loamy soils in glacial drainage areas. Soils classified as Capac-Parkhill are nearly level to gently undulating, somewhat poorly drained, loamy soils and nearly level, poorly drained and very poorly drained loamy soils; on till plains and low moraines. MAP 1-1 Delta Tovmstup. r,;,1,chlgan GenP-ral zed Soi s ··+•--. o· . . .)-._=~··-.. ,;v.i t,;.!,~1~ a.\<S:'ffll ~ l t ~ ttl•• -4 JII CJ �Secfion f Communi 1'ro{ife Vegetation Presettlement vegetation in Delta Township was mostly beech and sugar maple forest. Areas of basswood, elm, white ash and hickory could be found among these beech and sugar maples. Wet prairies were present along the Grand River and Carrier Creek. In many areas hardwoods are still present while in other areas these hardwoods were removed to make way for agriculture and cultivation activity in the 1 800s. Water Resources Delta Township, located in the Grand River Watershed, has over 410 acres of ponds, rivers and streams within its boundaries with the principal water feature being the Grand River. The Grand River occupies approximately 348 acres and stretches more than 1 0 miles in the northern and southeastern portions of the Township. More of the Grand River is located in Delta Township than any other single governmental unit in the Tri-County area. In addition, other water features in the Township include Miller and Carrier Creeks both tributaries of the Grand River. These creeks, and drains which feed them, flow from south to north draining much of the Township as shown on Map 1-2. Some National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) regulated wetlands may exist within Delta Township. Prior to new development within the Township a NWI map should be consulted and an on-site field inspection conducted to more accurately determine whether regulated wetlands exist on the site in question. �Secfion I CommunifJ 'Profile MAP 1-2 Delta Township Water Features - · - · . . . • Millett Highway • miles Hydrologic Features 0 Qaue A11;ma1ai,11;1na. _,_., .. SOURCE: Laid 1,1:inna1t1, ~ u AUOOlab::i. OeRilTorwm:~p 0 �Secfion I Communi 'Profile INFRASTRUCTURE Roads The transportation network within the Township can be divided into four classifications: freeways, arterial, collector and local streets. These classifications are based on the service function of the street and its relationship to other The transportation network consists of more than 175 miles of roads streets in the Township. In total, the transportation network within the Township occupies more than 2,500 acres and consists of more than 175 miles of roads. Interstates 69, 96 and 496 are the principal highways within the Township. Interstate 69 is a major north/south highway in southern Lower Michigan passing through the Township and providing access to 1-94 to the south and Flint (1-75) to the east. The traffic count on 1-69 in 2003 in northern Delta Township was 32,500 daily vehicle trips while it was 28,300 trips at the Township's southern border. Interstate 96 connects Delta Township with Grand Rapids on the west and Detroit on the east. Within the Township, 1-96 and 1-69 occupy much of the same highway right-of-way. Interstate 96 merges with 1-69 north of the Township where they continue south several miles as a single highway until they split just south of Delta Township. Interstate 96 continues east while 1-69 continues southwest. A traffic count of 63,000 vehicles per day was recorded in 2003 for 1-96 and 1-69 just south of M-43. The 1-96, 1-69, and 1-496 junction is located in the southern portion of the Township, where 1-496 penetrates east into the City of Lansing. Traffic counts on 1-496 within the Township in 2003 averaged between 24,700 daily vehicle trips near Canal Road to 33,300 near Waverly Road. Much of the traffic associated with these interstates typically bypasses Delta Township, as their origin and destination are locations outside of the Township. Roads classified as arterial roads are roads that serve as the primary collectors of traffic generated on the collector and local streets in Delta Township. The collector streets in the Township generally follow a one-mile grid pattern which in most cases mirror the one-mile section lines of the Township, dating back to the 19th century survey of the area. Some of the major roads in the Township include the following east-west routes: Michigan Avenue, M-43/Saginaw Highway, Mt. Hope Highway, Willow Highway and St. Joe Highway, in addition to Creyts Road, Canal Road, Nixon Road, and Waverly Road, all north-south routes within the Township. �Section { Communi fJro{ife Numerous minor roads and private roads serve the Township's residential and commercial areas. The bulk of these roads are located in the more urbanized portion of the Township north of 1-496 and east of 1-96 and 1-69. As of January 2004, approximately 94 percent of the Township's roads, not including Federal and State roads, were paved. The Road Classification Map can be found in Appendix A. Sanitary Sewer Service The Township has a combination of urban and rural land uses. As a result, portions of Delta Township are served by a sanitary sewer system while other areas rely on septic systems and drain fields. The areas served by the Township sewer system include most of the area east of 1-69 and 1-96, and all of the area north of 1-496, and south of the Grand River. The availability of sanitary sewer service west of 1-69 and 1-96 is concentrated in the more densely populated neighborhoods sanitary sewer system - other areas rely on septic systems along St. Joe Highway, Willow Highway, and West Saginaw, as indicated on Map 1-3. The sewage is collected and transported to the Delta Township Wastewater Treatment Plant located on Willow Highway east of Canal Road through a network of sewer lines ranging in size from 8" to 36" and 14 pump stations located throughout the Township. As of July 2003 the Township reported 8,003 residential, 625 commercial and 1 3 industrial hookups. The current capacity of the treatment plant is six millions gallons per day, which is currently sufficient to handle the average daily waste flow generated. Expansion of the facility will occur prior to reaching capacity. The equalization basins in the system will help to balance the 24-hour plant flows. �Section f Communi 'Profile MAP 1-3 Delta Township Sanitary Sewer Service Area - 2003 .. _; Ml . Ho~g~~,~--------.-....-----"I ,.,_._,..,,.,.-;,,.._.,.,.._..,._ _ _;;;..;.~ "., "' 0 .D ! 0 "' Millett Highway 0 J1 Davis Hi hway 05 miles ~ Sanitary Sewer Service Area SOURCE: I.aid ru:mnalb• IV::l::lt.U Auoolitl01 OtffaTOflUU:~~ on t e uture an ap �Section f CommunifJ 'Profile Municipal Water System Delta Township has an agreement to purchase up to 15 million gallons of Water service is provided to 6,411 residential, 557 commercial and 17 industrial customers water per day from the Lansing Board of Water and Light. This water provides domestic service and fire protection to approximately 6,411 residential, 557 commercial customers and 17 industrial customers as of July 2003. Four pump stations with pumping capacities of between 475 and 1,300 gallons per minute pump the water through a network of pipes ranging in size of 2" to 20" in diameter. The water is stored in four water tanks with storage capacities of 500,000, 1,250,000, 2,000,000 and 1,000,000 gallons. These facilities are located on Snow Road, S. Creyts Road, Willow Highway /1-96 and Millett Highway /1-96. The distribution of water is primarily concentrated in areas east of 1-69/1-96 and commercial and residential areas west of 1-69 /1-96 along Saginaw Highway and St. Joseph Highway. The remainder of groundwater the Township through obtains private and residential wells (Map 1-4). 0 �Section I Communi 'Profile MAP 1-4 Delta Township Water SeNice Area - 2003 ..) Mt. HoP.e Highwav.o.+------ ., "' Millett Highway JI Davis Hi hWI:' as miles II O Municipal Water Service Area Oau•Ai:.mola'°'"'"•· _,_,,_ SOURCE: laid 111>nn.rtt:n /V:x:,;t,U AuocaD:>1 oenaT011us,~ Future water service areas are illustrated on the Future Land Use Map. �Section f Communit3 fJro{ife TRANSPORTATION Mass Transit The Eaton County Transportation Authority (EATRAN) has been in operation since 1 980 and provides transportation service to residents living within Eaton County on an on-call, as-needed basis. Eaton County residents arrange a pick up and drop off time and location with EA TRAN 24 hours prior to the service. While EATRAN serves all Eaton County residents they specialize in providing commuter express trips and medical trips for senior citizens and handicapped individuals. In 2002 EA TRAN served 182,674 passengers. Forty percent of all riders in 2000 were senior citizens or handicapped individuals. The fees associated with EA TRAN transportation depend on the age of riders, and service requested by them. This fee is sufficient to support the current level of service provided by EATRAN and user fees are not expected to increase any time soon. CATA The Capital Area Transportation Authority (CATA) was formed in 1972 by the City of Lansing. Delta Township was provided with transit services from the late 1970s to the early 1980s in exchange for financial subsidies. In the spring of 1 984 CATA discontinued many of the fixed transit routes in Delta Township because the Township did not join CATA. CATA presently operates 25 fixed-routes serving Lansing and East Lansing, Delhi, Meridian and Lansing townships. CATA's Route Three busses enter Delta Township at the Waverly/West Saginaw intersection, proceed westbound on West Saginaw to Elmwood, northbound to West Mall Drive, westbound to Mall Drive South and then return eastbound to the City of Lansing on Saginaw Highway and adjacent service drives. Route Three serves West Saginaw Plaza, the Lansing Mall, Delta Center, and Meijers. CATA's Route Twelve busses serve Waverly Road between Michigan Avenue and St. Joe Highway with a turn-around point at Waverly Plaza (Home Depot and Value City). �Section< Communi fJro{ife CA TA does provide "Delta Late Night Service" which begins when EATRAN service ends for the day. This service provides limited transportation with a 24 hour reservation between Delta Township and Greater Lansing. Service is limited to West Saginaw Highway east of Broadbent Road and Creyts Road between Saginaw and Davis Highway. Delta Late Night allows individuals the option of working later hours and still having public transportation available to them. The Capital City Airport is located in Clinton County less than one mile northeast of Delta Township. The Bringing Your World Clas.er airport encompasses approximately 1,600 acres and is owned and operated by the Capital Region Airport Authority. Commercial and general aviation services are provided to Township residents as well as those living in the Greater Lansing Area. The airport is presently served by five commercial passenger carriers and two freight carriers. These air carriers make more than 30 flights daily to Detroit, Green Bay, Minneapolis, Cincinnati, Chicago-O'Hare and Pittsburgh. The Airport served more 534,700 passengers in 2003 making the Capital City Airport one of Michigan's busiest airports in terms of passengers boarded. The facilities available at the airport include the main terminal with six gates, offices, restaurants, a gift shop, hangers, maintenances facilities and three runways ranging in length from 3,601 feet to 7,251 feet. The Department of Public Safety of the Capital Region Airport Authority provides public security and safety. The department is registered with the State of Michigan as a police department, fire department and emergency first responder. Railroad Facilities The Canadian National Railroad Company and the CSX Transportation Company operate railroads within the Township. In 1987, CSX acquired the Chesapeake and Ohio line located in the far northwest corner of the Township in section 6. However the line does not provide direct service to the Township. The Canadian National Railroad line is located in the southeastern corner of the Township in sections 24, 25, 26, 34 and 35. The line connects Delta Township with Port Huron on the east and Chicago on the west, and the line provides rail service to numerous industrial facilities within the Township. �Section I CommrmifJ 1'ro{ife PUBLIC SERVICES Police and Fire Protection The Eaton County Sheriff's Department provides Delta Township police protection referred to as the "Delta Patrol." This is a contract agreement between the Township and the County and as of 2003 the Patrol consisted of: 1 Lieutenant 5 Sergeants 3 Detectives 20 Deputies 1 Tri-County Metro Narcotics Officer The Michigan State Police provides additional police protection if needed. The Sheriff's Department sub-station is located on Administrative Drive off of Canal Road just north of Saginaw Highway. The Delta Township Fire Department founded in 1953, operates 3 stations located throughout the Township with full and part-time staff consisting of fire fighters and paramedics. The Township maintains 30 full-time on-duty firefighters. The Department responded to 4,120 alarms in 2003, of which 3,043 were EMS alarms and 1,077 were fire alarms. The Department maintains and operates a variety of vehicles, boats and other equipment in an effort to provide the comprehensive fire and rescue services. Fire Station No. 1 on N. Canal Road north of West Saginaw Highway has the following: • - Class A Pumper • - 3000 Gallon Tanker with a 1,250 gpm pump • - 1 3/4 ton Brush Truck with Skid Load • 1 - 100 Foot Platform Ladder Truck • 1 - Heavy Rescue Vehicle • 2 - Sets of the Jaws of Life • 1 - Rescue Boat �Secfion f Communi 'Profile Fire Station No. 2 in the southeast corner of the Township on Lansing Road west of Waverly has available one Class A Pumper. Located on Snow Road south of West Michigan Avenue, Fire Station No. 3 has two Class A Pumpers, l set of the Jaws of life, a rescue boat, one pickup truck and one air compressor truck. The Delta Township Fire Department has a Mutual Aid Agreement with the neighboring communities of Grand Ledge, Lansing, East Lansing, Meridian Township and Lansing Township, in the event additional fire fighting personnel are needed. Schools Delta Township is served by four school districts: Grand Ledge, Holt, Lansing, and Waverly. Nearly two-thirds of the Township is served by the Grand Ledge Public Schools. There are three Grand Ledge Schools located in Delta Township: Delta Center Elementary School (2002 enrollment of 470), Willow Ridge Elementary School (2002 enrollment of 500), and Hayes Middle School (2002 enrollment of 800). The Waverly Community School District serves nearly one-third of the Township with five of the district's seven buildings which include: Elmwood School (2003 enrollment of 250), Colt Elementary School (2003 enrollment of 339), Winans Elementary School (2003 enrollment of 321 ), Waverly Middle School (2003 enrollment of 552), Waverly High School (2003 enrollment of 1,061). Only a fraction of the Township is served by Holt Public Schools and Lansing Public Schools and neither district operates school buildings within Delta Township. Map 1-5 illustrates the School District boundaries and the location of school buildings in Delta Township. �Section I CommunifJ 'Profile MAP 1-5 Delta Township School District B01.Jn daries '.).. t' fC"i:. Ll1 h,:,."11 ,.6.J,1 l'e ' "'" 'l f) ·,:: •.:tvi!l:D.lt �Section I Communi flro{ife Parks and Recreation/Natural Areas Parks and Recreation facilities and programs within Delta Township are administered through the Parks, Recreation and Cemeteries Department. The department maintains 12 parks and recreation areas and two cemeteries throughout the Township encompassing more than 680 acres. The parks, ranging in size from 1.1 acres to more than 150 acres, offer a variety of recreation opportunities, everything from passive natural recreation areas and picnic shelters to active recreation like play grounds, baseball fields and Frisbee golf. The Parks and Recreation Department provides a complete recreation program with the majority of the indoor activities conducted in the Township's Library and Community Center. There are a significant number of recreation fields, basketball courts and open space provided at various elementary school sites located throughout the Township. These facilities are owned and maintained by the Waverly and Grand Ledge School Systems. TABLE 1-1 - DELTA TOWNSHIP PARKS AND AVAILABLE AMENITIES -i, 41 C. 0 ai Parks "'f C Ill "'-~ C ·s;: ii: 0.. ~ C -0 C 0 Anderson 151 Grand Woods 128 Hawk Meadows 128 X Lootens 84 X Sharp 58 Lake Delta 40 Delta Mills 32 Hunter's Orchard 26 Erickson 17 Leland 1 X u ~ -i, C :::, llCIU c( . .! E .5! ai J:. 0 "' 0 "' .. 41 J:. u -i, u _.,, C 0 0 . ::, 0 DI >, 0 DI C :c "' i.i: ~ . . 0 I41 ::, "ij -:! 'ii 0 '-----' z "'0 > C. E c( u. 0 ai .ll:: "'0 llCI C C 41 I- C !! ii: _.0 41 0 J:. J:. u ::, . "'41 "'0 41 0 C 0 u :::c I 1---- X X X X X X X X X X - X X X ~ X +-X .- - X ~ t ~ ~ X ~ I- X X X X X X X X X X l I :-----I ._ ~ X C) 0 r X 0 41 .a 41 >, 41 .! .a 0 ·.:: "' ,___ X . = .a -~ :c .! ::: ---t J X j �a Secfion 1 ommunifJ 'Profile MAP 1-6 _ PA RKS AND RECREATION AREAS Delta Townsh· arks and Recreation IP Areas P 8non Highway Mllett Highway �Section f • Communi~ 'Profile Library The Delta Township District Library, also known as Enrichment Center, is located at 4538 Elizabeth Road and serves Delta Township residents. The library is housed in a 4,800 square foot building containing 33,000 books, CD's, DVD's, video games, tapes, and magazines. It is operated by 3 full-time and 1 0 part-time librarians and is currently open six days a week. The library is part of the Capital Library Cooperative which includes 23 libraries located in Jackson, Eaton, Ingham, Clinton and Gratiot counties. The Delta Township Library services nearly 30,000 persons with 10,000 cardholders, with no restrictions on membership. Delta Township officials are considering the construction of a new Library on Township property on the east side of Elmwood Road, north of Davenport Drive . • :, • 1,1 �INTRODUCTION People are Delta's most valuable asset. They are the factor that allows Delta Township to function as a government. This section of the Comprehensive Plan provides information about the population, housing, social and employment characteristics of the Township. By examining these factors a clear picture of the demographic conditions emerges. Understanding these conditions provides both a valuable insight into potential future conditions, as well as a basis for projecting future needs in housing and land use development. POPULATION Population Trends The historic population trends for Delta Township from 1970 to 2000 are illustrated in the following graph. The Township's population grew a total of 70.6 percent between 1970 and 2000, about 20 percent more than Eaton County's overall population growth during the same time period. The population growth in Delta Township was also much greater than the four township/two city area consisting of DeWitt Township, Delhi Township, Lansing Township, Meridian Township, Lansing City, East Lansing City, and the Tri-County Region. Figure 2-1 - Population Growth 450 ,000 400,000 350,000 ~~;_~~=~=--~ ,----------:--:--::c-=:::-::---~-- = « -----, +------------------< g 3oo,ooo 247,839 252,199 247 ,93 --.------1 ~ 250,000 +=2=28:..,_,4_:__4:...:6-=-=--lt-----i..... 1 ~ 200,000 +------------------< 150,000 + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; -+- Delta Township - - - Eaton County ___...,_ 4 Twp/2 City Area ~ Tri-County 100,000 1 61~~ ====-===~t'-"""-~7 50 ,000 -t---;-:;-:, .,;;;;;2.:i--;c~-_ -_ ---,,.i:...,,. "" ::.,.,.J' ~-_ -'_-'..... . .... _.... _-_-_ --'_-.,,. ; ~ 0 +-----,----------.---~------; 1970 1980 1990 2000 Year SOURCE: 1970-2000 U.S. Census of Population; Gove Associates 2002 �Section .2 Social t'feafure1 Delta Township and Eaton County both experienced the most Township population grew 13.5% between l 990 and 2000. rapid growth between 1970 and 1 980 within the region. This growth continued during the 1 980s - however, at a much slower rate. Between 1 990 and 2000 the Township's population grew by 1 3.5 percent while the County's population grew by 11.6 percent. In 2000 the Township comprised nearly ·28.6 percent of the overall population in Eaton County. This translates to approximately 1.3 persons per acre, up from 0.77 persons/acre in 1970, when the Township was home to roughly 25 percent of the County population. It is expected that the proportion of the Township population 28.6% of overall population in the County County's population living in Delta Township will increase as will the Township's population density. TABLE 2-1 - DELTA TOWNSHIP POPULATION AS A PERCENTAGE OF EATON COUNTY AND DENSITY Proportion of Eaton County Population Density Acre SOURCE: 1970 - 2000 U.S. Census of Population; Gove Associates 2002 Table 2-2, using the data presented in Figure 2-1, shows that the rate of growth in Delta Township has been more pronounced than in the County over each of the past 1 0 year periods. TABLE 2-2 - HISTORIC POPULATION TRENDS PERCENT CHANGES Delta Township Eaton County SOURCE: 1970-2000 U.S. Census of Population; Gove Associates 2002 By using population projections developed by the Tri-County Regional Planning Commission, adjusting these numbers to reflect the 2000 Census and applying them to the 2000 Census population of Delta Township, a generalized picture of future population growth is presented in the following graph (Figure 2-2). �Sectionz Social ~tureJ It is estimated that between 2000 and 2020 a steady population growth of 1.15 percent annually, or 23. l percent, will occur for Eaton County. During the same period, it is projected that Delta Township will experience a population change of 22 percent or 1.1 percent per year, slightly lower than the County as a whole. Figure 2-2 - Projected Population Growth 140000 120000 C: 100000 0 :;::: 80000 RI '5 60000 Q. 0 40000 C. 20000 0 32 819 34 518 36,217 29 682 s:::i<:::i '1,'5 R:J~ '1,'5 ...,_<:::i '\,<:::, .....~ '\,<:::, ~ Delta Township - Eaton County n,<:::i '\,<:::, ~c,, f;:-c,, cl' Year SOURCE: 1990 and 2000 U.S. Census; Michigan Department of Management and Budget 1996; Gove Associates 2002 As a result of this steady increase in population there will be a need for additional housing, and business and industry for employment. With the increase in population, new businesses and industry, there will be a need for infrastructure improvements (roads, sanitary sewer, water service and storm drains for runoff). Periodic evaluation of school facilities and emergency services will be necessary to ensure adequate coverage for the growing population. Age Composition The needs and lifestyles of individuals differ among age groups, as do the demands for retail goods and services, and the need for public or institutional program changes within each age group. Table 2-3 shows the composition of the Township's population for 1990 and 2000 relative to Eaton County and the State as a whole. This information will be useful in later sections when the future of Delta Township is formulated. �Section .2 Social?=eafureJ According to Table 2-3, Delta Township experienced a decrease in the percentage of residents between the ages of 1 0 and 34 during the 1 990s. This was offset by an increase in the number of residents age 35 and over during the same period. This increase in older residents as a percentage of .,,. •••• • • • • • • • • : In 2000 the : •• median age •• • • : •• • • • • • • • • •••••• : was 38.4. total Township residents is reflected in the higher median Decrease in ages 10 to 34 during the 90s -- offset by increase of age of 38.4 in 2000 versus 34.9 in 1990. That is more than two years older than the County and nearly three years older than the State as a whole. Hence, the age distribution in Delta Township is generally older than the County and State as a whole. This pattern of an aging population represents the ongoing nation-wide trend of older populations, as members of the "baby boom" generation are beginning to reach retirement age. TABLE 2-3 - AGE DISTRIBUTION 1990-2000 .. - • • ~--· fW1il 1;:n., - ~l-· h'Jtt.. 11__:_.•11~Uri1) - ~ t t I rr:t=1iJ 6,622 6,500 7.5 6.8 7.1 7,438 8.0 6.3 7,354 7.1 7.4 7.5 7,229 7.8 8,132 7.8 7.1 7.5 8,054 7.8 7.5 7.2 - I t I fffl'il Under 5 Years % of Total 1,611 6.2 1,677 5.6 5-9 Years 1,814 6.9 1,802 6.1 1,725 6.6 2,009 1,876 7.2 2,099 7.1 7,179 1,801 6.9 2,018 6.8 6,206 6.7 6,349 6.1 7.5 6.5 % of Total 4,311 16.5 3,847 12.9 15,202 16.3 13,105 12.6 16.9 13.7 35-54 Years % of Total 8,059 30.8 9,286 31.3 26,562 28.6 32,752 31.6 25.3 29.9 55-64 Years 2,331 8.9 3,045 10.3 7,286 7.8 9,559 9.2 8.5 8.7 2,601 9.9 3,899 13.1 9,155 9.9 11,751 11.3 11.9 12.3 Total 26,129 29,682 92,879 100.0 100.0 Median Age 34.9 38.4 32.9 % of Total 10-14 Years % of Total 15-19 Years % of Total 20-24 Years % of Total 25-34 Years % of Total 65 + Years % of Total SOURCES: 6.7 7.7 1990-2000 U.S. Census, Gove Associates 2002 103,655 36.4 32.6 35.5 �Sec6on.2 Social ~tureJ 2005-2020 Gender and Age Distribution Graphs Figure 3 - 2005 Gender and Age Distribution Over 65 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 55 to 64 Cl) 35 to 54 C) <I: 25 to 34 'C C: ... 20 to 24 'C 15 to 19 (II Cl) C: Cl) (!) • Female • Male . 10 to 14 5 to 9 I Under 5 I 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 Population SOURCE: 1990-2000 U.S. Census, Michigan Department of Management and Budget 1996, Gove Associates, 2002. Figure 4 - 2010 Gender and Age Distribution Over 65 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 500 1000 55 to 64 Cl) 35 to 54 Cl <I: 25 to 34 "C C: ni ... 20 to 24 "C C: 15 to 19 Cl) Cl) c., • Female • Male . 10 to 14 5 to 9 Under 5 0 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 Population SOURCE: 1990-2000 U.S. Census, Michigan Department of Management and Budget 1996, Gove Associates, 2002. �Section 2 Social<feature1 Figure 5 - 2015 Gender and Age Distribution Over65 I I I I I I Ol < 25 to 34 I I I "C C: ca ca 20 to 24 I I I I I I I I I I 500 1000 55 to 64 QI 35 to 54 ... QI "C C: 15 to 19 <.!) 10 to 14 QI 5 to 9 • Female • Male . Under5 0 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 Population SOURCE: 1990-2000 U.S. Census, Michigan Department of Management and Budget 1996, Gove Associates, 2002. Figure 6 - 2020 Gender and Age Distribution Over65 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 500 1000 55 to 64 QI 35 to 54 Ol < 25 to 34 "C C: ...ca 20 to 24 "C C: 15 to 19 QI QI <.!) • Female • Male 10 to 14 5 to 9 Under 5 0 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 Population SOURCE: 1990-2000 U.S. Census, Michigan Department of Management and Budget 1996, Associates, 2002. �Secfion.2 Socia/~tum Using Michigan Department of Management and Budget population age projections for Eaton County and applying them to the 2000-2020 population projections from Figure 2-2, a generalized picture of future population distribution by age and gender for the Township can be obtained (see Figures 3 through 6). Table 2-4 presents the estimated age distribution projected to 2020, and indicates the continuing aging of Delta Township's population. The median age will increase from 38.4 in 2000 to an estimated 40.2 in 2020, with more females than males in all age groups over 25. .. • TABLE 2-4 - PROJECTED AGE DISTRIBUTION OF DELTA TOWNSHIP 2000-2020 ... . . ... • 1,~illi1 mim ~ I mvJ ~ 1,677 5.6 1,882 6.0 2,012 6.1 2,161 6.3 2,273 6.2 1,802 6.1 2,093 6.7 2,153 6.6 2,009 6.7 2,366 7.6 2,310 7.0 2,305 6.7 2.387 6.8 2,483 6.8 2,545 7.0 2,099 7.1 2,382 7.6 2,446 7.5 2,390 7.0 2,460 6.8 2,018 6.8 2,188 7.0 2,293 7.0 2,366 6.9 2,309 6.4 3,847 12.9 4,036 13.0 4,320 13.2 4,614 13.3 4,818 13.3 9,286 31.3 8,787 28.2 8,597 26.2 8,416 24.4 8,617 23.8 3,698 11.9 3,689 11.9 31,121 4,301 13.1 Total 3,045 10.3 3,899 13.1 29,682 4,387 13.4 32,819 4,493 13.0 5,398 15.6 34,518 4,330 11.9 6,381 17.6 36,216 Median Age 38.4 39.0 39.6 39.9 40.2 Under 5 Years % of Total 5-9 Years % of Total 10-14 Years % of Total 15-19 Years % of Total 20-24 Years % of Total 25-34 Years % of Total 35-54 Years % of Total 55-64 Years % of Total 65 + Years % of Total SOURCES: 1990-2000 U.S. Census, Michigan Department of Management and Budget, 1996, Gove Associates 2002 �Secfion .2 .Social~lures A decline in the 25-34 and 35-54 year age groups, along with an increase in the 55-64 and 65 and older groups, follows a national trend as the large baby boom generation of the 1950s and early 1960s continues to age. The distribution by gender indicates the proportion of males will decline slightly from about 48.1 percent in 2000 to 47.7 percent by 2020. This can be attributed to the fact that females typically live longer than males. As the population of Delta Township grows so does the diversity of its residents. In 1990 just over 90 percent of the population was white. As of 2000 this segment of the population is down to 85 percent with the non-white population identified as Black (increasing 3%) and Asian/Pacific Islanders (increasing 1.7%), comprising almost 11 percent of the Township's residents. TABLE 2-5 - RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUPS ~@ ~ White 24,170 90.1% 25,405 85.6% 1,316 5.0% 2,375 8.0% 92 0.4% 118 0.4% 241 0.9% 1n 2.6% Other Race 958 3.6% SOURCE: 1990 and 2000 Census, Gove Associates 2002 1,007 3.3% Black American Indian, Eskimo, Aleut Asian and Pacific Islander SYNOPSIS • The population of Delta Township has grown over the past 30 years at a pace greater than the County as a whole. • Population projections to the year 2020 indicate a slight reversal of this trend, with Delta Township growing just over 22 percent between 2000 and 2020, while Eaton County is expected to grow approximately 23 percent during the same period. • Age composition of Delta Township from 2000 and projected to 2020 indicates a continuing aging of the population, with the median age increasing from 38.4 to 40.2 during this period. �Secfion.2 Social ~eafureJ HOUSING Household Composition The number and type of households within the Township influence the social and economic dynamics, and consequently impact the quantity and character of land development. Households are the standard unit of measurement for evaluating and projecting the number of housing units, retail sales, and community facilities and services. Table 2-6 shows a decrease in the size of Delta Township, Eaton County, and Michigan households during the 1 990 to 2000 period. which was greater than the Between 1990 and 2000, the number of households in the Township increased at an annual rate of 2.5 percent,.---+-- average annual population growth during the 80s and 90s of 1.2 percent. This differentiation between household and population growth is a trend seen in many communities across Michigan and the nation, and is caused by a decrease in the number of individuals living in each household (average household size). Therefore, even while the population of a community increases slowly, stabilizes or declines, the number of households tends to increase. TABLE 2-6 - AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD SIZE 1990 - 2000 Delta Township Eaton County 2.52 2.69 2.33 2.54 Michigan 2.66 2.56 SOURCE: 1990 & 2000 U.S. Census; Gove Associates 2002 -0.19 -0.1S -0.1 -7.S3 -S.S7 -3.7S The composition of a household depends upon the number of people living within a residence as well as the relationship between residents. A household may consist of a married couple with or without children, a single parent with children, two or more unrelated people living in a dwelling and sharing household responsibilities, or a person living alone. Table 2-7 depicts the composition of households in Delta Township in 1980, 1990, and 2000, reflecting a number of characteristics and trends to consider in planning for the future. Although the number of households has increased between the three periods, the number of traditional two-parent family households (households �Section 2 Social ~eatum comprised of a family with a husband and wife) has proportionally decreased from 88.8 percent in l 980 to 81 .0 percent in 2000. The number of married couple families with children under l 8 has dropped approximately 15 percent, from 55.7 percent in 1980 to 40.8 percent in 2000. This is likely related to the maturing of the population and, therefore, the maturing of family households. The years between 1980 and 2000 also saw an increase in the number of households headed by a female, growing from 8.6 percent of family households in 1980 to 9.4 percent of family households in 2000. Nonfamily households (households consisting of persons living alone or unrelated persons living together) also grew in number between 1980 and 2000, with the majority being single persons. TABLE 2-7 - HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION .: . l!MihJ1, •.1..,.,•• i;~.1~!J _.. .. •• t ffir!E 8,691 10,757 13,112 Number of Households/Occupied Units 8,347 10,250 12,559 Family Households 6,213 7,210 8,075 74.4 70.3 64.3 Married Couples 5,518 6,088 6,545 % of Families 88.8 84.4 81.0 3,074 2,643 2,671 SS.7 43.4 40.8 S40 873 1,117 8.6 12.1 9.4 348 S6S 717 64.4 64.7 60.S 2,134 3,752 4,484 2,134 2,495 3,697 388 669 1,136 18.1 17.8 25.3 Total Units % of Total Households With Children Under 18 % of Married Couple Families Female Head of Household % of Families With Children Under l 8 % of Female Household Families Nonfamily Households One Person 65 and Older % of Nonfamily SOURCE: l 980/1990/2000 U.S. Census of Population; Gove Associates 2002 �Secfion .2 .Social~fum Housing Occupancy Between 1980 and 2000, there was an increase of 4,421 units within Delta Township's housing stock, representing a 50.9 percent increase. Table 2 - 8 presents the Township's total units in owner- and renter-occupied housing between 1980 and 2000. The Township experienced a slight decrease in owner-occupied housing units between 1 980 and 2000, declining from 66.8 percent to 64.3 percent. In many communities this can be somewhat of a negative trend, as residents who own their own homes create a more stable community, one where residents have a vested interest in their community's future. Delta Township, however, is unique and this generalization may not necessarily hold true. Seniors or empty nesters occupy a number of Delta Township' s rental units with ties to the community. These individuals do have a vested interest in the community but likely prefer to rent to be free from upkeep and maintenance or they may go south during the winter months. Seniors occupying rental housing often wish to remain in the community because of their children, life-long friends or an association with a church or familiarity with businesses and services. TABLE 2-8 - HOUSING UNITS 1980 - 2000 w• ,U:,.._-••• mm)_ Total Units Occupied Units (Year-Round) ~l=:I· ~ 10,757 13,112 50.1 8,347 10,250 12,559 50.4 96.0 95.2 95.8 -0.2 5,578 6,849 8,071 44.6 66.8 66.8 64.3 -2.5 2,769 3,401 4,488 62.1 33.2 33.2 35.7 +2.5 % of Occupied Renter-Occupied Units '~ 8,691 % of Total Owner-Occupied Units ·~, % of Occupied SOURCE: 1980/1990/2000 U.S. Census of Housing & Social Characteristics; Gove Associates 2002 Household Projection To accommodate the projected 22 percent (6,534 persons) increase in population within the Township and the increasing number of new households (a result of the combination of households migrating into the Township and the continued decline in household size), new housing units will need to be constructed. The estimated number of new housing units needed is based on population projections, and projected average household size. �Section :z Socia{ ~ture1 Delta Township can expect as many as 3,366 additional households/occupied units by 2020, an increase of 26.8 percent over the 12,559 households in the Township in 2000. TABLE 2-9 - DELTA TOWNSHIP PROJECTED POPULATION, HOUSEHOLD SIZE AND NEW HOUSEHOLDS Population 29,682 31,121 32,819 34,518 36,216 +6,534 2.33 2.31* 2.27* 2.25* 2.24* -0.09 12,559 13,294 14,259 15,121 15,925 +735 +965 +862 +804 Average Persons per Household Households/ Occupied Units 5-Year Change *Projected household size based upon Delta Township as proportion of projected national trends in household size. SOURCE: Gove Associates 2002 Age and Value of Housing The quality and cultural significance of a community's housing stock are affected by its age. According to Table 2-10 approximately 64 percent of the Township's housing stock has been constructed since 1 970. The 1,802 dwelling units built between 1990-2000 remaining 36 percent were built prior to 1970, with over 28 percent built between 1950 and 1969. TABLE 2-10 - AGE OF HOUSING STOCK BY YEAR BUILT 1939 or earlier 1940-1949 1950-1959 1960-1969 1970-1979 1980-1989 1990-2000 533 328 1,028 2,615 3,402 2,851 1,802* 4.2 2.6 8.1 20.8 27.0 22.7 14.3 *Estimated from Township records 1990-11 /30/99 SOURCE: 1990 U.S. Census of Population; Gove Associates 2002 +3,366 �Section.2 Socia/~tum Table 2-11 presents the median market value of owner-occupied housing in both Delta Township and Eaton County for 1990 and 2000. The median market value of owner-occupied homes is another good indicator of both housing quality and demand. In 1990, the median housing value of a home in Delta Township was 29.4 percent higher than the median value in the County. TABLE 2-11- MEDIAN OWNER-OCCUPIED HOUSING VALUE 1990 - ••• Delta Township $88,300 $133,800 +S1.S Eaton County $68,200 $113,700 +66.7 SOURCE: 1990, 2000 U.S. Census of Housing; Gove Associates 2002 By 2000, this proportion was dramatically lower, but there was still a significant differential of 17.6 percent between the Township and the County. This reflects, to some degree, a continued demand for housing in the Township that has been relatively greater than in other adjacent jurisdictions. Rental housing can be a significant contributor to the perception of housing quality in a community. Table 2-12 highlights the median monthly contract rent paid in the Township and County in 1990 and 2000. Contract rent (rent paid for the unit excluding utilities) is an indicator of the quality, as well as the characteristics of supply and demand, for rental units. TABLE 2- 1 2 - MEDIAN MONTHLY GROSS CONTRACT RENT Delta Township $444 $621 +39.8 Eaton County $376 $S69 +51.3 SOURCE: 1990, 2000 U.S. Census of Housing; Gove Associates 2002 According to Table 2-12, the median monthly contract rent rate in the Township is generally higher than rents found within the County as a whole. However, the percent change in rent between 1990 and 2000 indicates that the rents charged in other jurisdictions in the County are approaching the rental rates that can be obtained in the Township. In 1990, rent paid for housing in the County was nearly 18 percent lower than in Delta Township. By 2000, that differential was cut nearly in half. �Sectionz Social~lures SYNOPSIS • Housing in Delta Township grew at an annual rate greater than the average annual rate of population growth. • Decreasing household size continues to be a national trend, which impacts a continuing need for housing in Delta Township . .!. The U.S. Census reports approximately 4,653 units were built in the Township between 1 980 and 2000. • The Median market value of owner-occupied housing in Delta Township grew by 51 .5 percent between 1 990 and 2000. This was lower than Eaton County's 66.7 percent increase in market value over the same period. • Rental housing is increasing slightly as a proportion of the Township's total housing stock. EDUCATION AND ECONOMICS Education and Employment Among the factors that define the ability of an individual or a household to be financially productive and contribute to the quality of life in their community are formal education and occupation. Typically, a person's employment is related to the level of formal education achieved. Table 2-13 depicts the educational attainment of Delta Township and Eaton County residents in 2000, along with the State as a whole. Educational attainment in Delta Township in 2000, as illustrated in Table 2-13, shows a significantly higher proportion of Township residents have some college or have a degree than County residents in general. More than 33 percent of the Township's population has a Bachelors Degree or better; compared to 21.7 percent in the County and 21.8 percent for the State as a whole. 33% of the Township's residents have Bachelors Degrees or better �Section.2 .Social~tum TABLE 2-13 - EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT - PERSONS 25 YEARS AND OLDER AS OF 2000 CENSUS - --r r•• - u • u 71:trm:1 II • • f.!.1u• - 11;.re'I ~rr.---.1y~.._,l•O • ~ 1~-:-rril ~ ,.... ...... -,-. "''"'·-·· ..... Less than 9th Grode 1.6% 2.7% 3.2% 4.7% 9 - 1 2 Grode/No Diploma 5.2% 7.8% 7.8% 11.9% High School Graduate 21.1 o/o 30.4% 21.8% 31.3% Some College or Associate Degree 38.5% 37.5% 34.8% 30.3% Bachelors Degree 22.7% 14.8% 15.7% 13.7% Graduate/Professional Degree 11.0% 6.9% 9.5% 8.1% SOURCE: 2000 U.S. Census of Population - Tobie DP-2 Profile of Selected Social Characteristics; Gove Associates 2002 The higher a person's educational level, the more likely they are to be employed in a higher paying professional industry such as the Finance, Insurance, Real Estate (F.I.R.E) or Public Administration. Table 2-14 compares the number of Delta Township, Eaton County, and Tri-County residents employed by industry sectors for l 990 and 2000. �Secfion Z Social ~tureJ .. .-... TABLE 2-14 - EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY BY PLACE OF RESIDENCE .....!.!.I .. - ..... - . ••• fffli'l ... 505 651 3,726 3,798 3.4 4.0 11.9 7.1 7.3 7.5 Manufacturing (durable and nondurable) % of Total 2,340 1,796 3,067 9,736 26,190 30,085 15.9 11.0 9.8 18.2 13.1 15.1 Transportation and Public Utility % of Total 520 3.5 883 3.4 608 1.9 3,139 5.9 8,426 4.2 29,309 5.7 Wholesale Trade % of Total 608 4.1 435 2.7 1,999 6.4 1,513 2.8 7,114 3.5 6,519 3.0 % of Total 2,424 16.5 1,883 11.6 6,103 19.5 6,213 11.6 36,751 18.3 25,266 11.0 Fire, Insurance, Real Estate (F.I.R.E) % of Total 1,450 9.8 1,623 10.0 2,391 7.6 3,870 7.2 12,736 6.4 15,375 6.8 Service 4,739 32.2 6,812 41.8 7,820 25.0 19,616 36.7 73,060 % of Total 36.S 101,912 40.8 Government/Public Administration % of Total 2,132 14.5 2,211 13.6 5,568 17.8 S,557 10.4 21,523 10.7 21,484 9.9 14,718 100 16,288 100 31,282 100 53,442 100 200,396 100.0 245,103 100.0 ••• , I·. - IL.-, fffii) • &• Agricultural, Forestry, Fishing, Construction and Mining % of Total Retail Trade TOTAL* % of Total - ll91e'l • h~i[fJ ~ 14,596 - ••• 15,153 * Employed persons over 16 SOURCE: 1990, 2000 U.S. Census, Gove Associates 2003 In 1990, employment in the F.I.R.E sector consisted of 9 .8 percent of all residents employed in the Township - over two percent higher than in the County as a whole. By 2000, this number increased by only 0.2 percent to 1 0.0 percent in the Township and decreased 0.4 percent for the County. These jobs represent a more financially healthy and well-educated community population base than reflected in the County overa II. 11 �Section.2 Social ~ture1 The greatest proportion (nearly 42 percent) of the Township's population is employed in the service sector, which tends to provide 42% of Township population working in service industries relatively lower paying entry-level jobs not requiring higher levels of education. Considering nearly 70 percent of the Township's population over the age of 25 has "some college" education or higher, many of these jobs are probably held by teenagers. Employment in the agricultural, forestry, fishing, mining and construction related industries accounted for only 4.0 percent of Delta Township's work force in 2000. This is significantly fewer than the County (7.1 %) and is reflective of the more urban-based land uses of Delta Township and its close proximity to the City of Lansing. Location of Employment Beyond the type of work residents do, the location of employment also contributes to the character of the Township. Table 2-15 shows the number and proportion of employed residents who work either within Delta Township (16.8%) or outside the Township (82.1 %). TABLE 2-15 - GENERAL LOCATIONS OF EMPLOYMENT FOR DELTA TOWNSHIP RESIDENTS - 1990 Employed in Township 1,480 16.8 Employed in Remainder of Region 7,209 82.1 Worked Outside of Re ion 85 1 SOURCE: 1990 U.S. Census of Population and Housing - STF3A; Gove Associates 2002 �Section.2 .Socialt'feafures Travel time to work is important for anyone looking to locate within the Township. It is also used as a broad indication of employment location. Table 2- l 6 lists the .lb-l'b..,: travel times to work for Delta Township residents. TABLE 2-16 - TRAVEL TIMES TO WORK - 1990 11•1•••'•1. ~ flJ 551 2,243 3,459 3,163 2,509 564 660 87 136 260 351 232 344 r• Less than 5 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 ~ tilfLGmJ .res.iu;, :s}/4' c. ~ts $.ft/ /.9 11, • -ute Jo ~.Outes o.r /ess 3.8 15.3 23.8 21.7 17.2 3.9 4.5 0.6 0.9 1.8 2.4 1.6 2.4 45-59 60-89 90 or Greater Work at Home SOURCE: 1990 U.S. Census of Population; Gove Associates 2002 Given the limited public transit available in the Township, the vast majority of trips to and from work are made in private vehicles. According to Table 2- l 6, approximately 65 percent of Delta Township residents commute to work in 19 minutes or less. At an average travel speed of 45 mph, that reflects a driving distance of about 14 miles. This indicates that most of the residents who reside in the Township have jobs in neighboring cities and townships, most likely in the cities of Lansing, East Lansing, or the MSU campus. Income Household income is an important measure of the economic well being of Delta Township, and helps to determine the quality and quantity of retail goods and services purchased both within the Township and surrounding areas. Table 2-17 lists the median household income for the Township and Eaton County, Household income is higher in the Township than the County and indicates that household income in the Township is significantly higher than the County as a whole. The increase in median household income between l 990 and 2000 in Eaton County was more than 38 percent while the median household income for Delta Township increased 23 percent. Delta Township Eaton County 42,727 35,734 52,711 49,588 +23.3 +38.7 SOURCE: 1980/ 1990 U.S. Census of Population; Gove Associates 2002 �Secfionz .Social~tum Table 2-18 identifies the median household incomes for Delta Township, Eaton County and the Tri-County area between 1990 and 2000. It is estimated that the increase in Delta Township's median household income will continue, however at a rate slower than the County as a whole and the Tri-County area. Delta Township's median household income grew by more than 20 percent between 1990 and 2000, while Eaton County saw an increase of more than 38 percent during the same period. TABLE 2-18 - MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOMES, 1990/2000 ••• Delta Township 42,727 52,711 23.3 Eaton County 35,734 49,588 38.7 Tri-County 34,025 47,722 40.2 SOURCE: 1990 - 2000 U.S. Census of Population, Gove Associates 2002 Property Values The components of State Equalized Values (SEY) within Delta Township, as well as in nearby Townships, are depicted in the graph below. Each year the Township is required to report the total assessed values for each class of property to the County and State. Figure 2-7 - 2002 Components of State Equalized Values 90 .00 80 .00 a, l{) co r-- c:i 0:, N 70.00 a; l{) 60.00 • Agricultural • Commercial i:Cl) 50.00 ~ Cl) 0. 40.00 30.00 r-- D Industrial D Residential c:i "' l{) 20 .00 10.00 0.00 Delta Dewitt Delhi Lansing Governmental Unit *Eaton County data 2001 Meridian Eaton County* �Secfion .2 Social ~tures The bar chart above illustrates that in 2002 nearly 60 percent of the Township's total assessment was within the residential class followed by commercial at just over 30 percent. Industrial property accounted for more than 1 0 percent of that total while agricultural consisted of less than 1 percent. This distribution in assessed values when compared to other Townships in the area or to the County, as a whole, indicates that Delta Township has a more diverse tax base than most urbanized jurisdictions within the greater Lansing area. SYNOPSIS • Delta Township has a relatively educated populace and a healthy income base. • Employment statistics indicate a higher percentage of Township professionals employed in the Financial, Insurance and Real Estate sectors than in the overall County, indicating an equally higher income level due to these better paying professions. • Median household income in Delta Township was significantly higher than Eaton County during the decade of the 1 980s, and it is estimated that this trend continued through the year 2000. • Delta Township has a more diverse property tax base than comparable communities in the greater Lansing area. �Secfion.s 'F.pmnq .£.anti1/Je INTRODUCTION An existing land use inventory is a necessary first step in planning for the future of Delta Township. An Existing Land Use Map has been prepared which depicts the existing distribution and location of land uses. The Existing Land Use Map, based upon a Land Use Map developed by the Land Information Access Association in 1992, was reviewed and updated by the Township Planning Staff in the Spring of 2002. LAND USE CLASSIFICATIONS Residential - An area in which dwellings with their accessory buildings occupy the major portion of the land: Single-Family Residential (the most dominant housing type) Single-Family Residential refers to one detached dwelling unit on a single parcel. Most units considered single-family are built on foundations or basements using traditional on-site building methods. Two-Family Residential These are typically attached (duplex) dwelling units or condominium units on a single parcel. Similar to the single-family units, these units are built on foundations or basements using traditional building methods. Multiple-Family Residential Multiple-Family Residential refers to residential structures containing more than two dwelling units. The most typical form of Multiple-Family Residential housing is apartment buildings, two stores or more in height. Manufactured Housing Manufactured housing represents factory-built, single-family structures that meet the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Code. Manufactured housing communities meet the design and building code requirements of the State of Michigan. Manufactured housing is typically a unit on an individual lot, similar to detached housing built on a foundation under the building codes adopted by Delta Township. Commercial - An area where goods are distributed or retail services are provided. This category includes structures, adjacent land and parking areas dedicated for the use of employees and customers. �Section3 'F.p1tin !Anrl 1./Je Office/Medical - An area or facility used for the treatment of health needs and services or the provision of personal or business services. This subcategory includes structures, adjacent land and parking areas dedicated for the use of employees and customers. Institutional - An area or facility used by the Township, Public Utility, County, School District, religions, nonprofit, or State agency to meet the needs of the community. This includes Township offices, schools, and public meeting spaces, public parking lots and other public uses. Institutional also includes land uses often deemed: Quasi-Public - An area or facility used by a limited number of persons with particular interests and nonprofit organizations, such as churches, day care centers, private schools, private clubs and related activities. Public Utility - An area or facility not generally accessible to the public but used to provide services to the community, such as water towers, wastewater treatment areas and water pumping stations. Cemetery - An area used for the burial and memorial of the deceased. Facilities for memorial services may also exist on the site. Industrial - An area where raw or unfinished materials or commodities are used to produce a product or service. This can also include wholesale business activities and warehousing. Agriculture - This category may consist of croplands, permanent pasture or orchards. Parks, Recreation, Golf Course - An area or facility used for recreational activities (public or private). This category includes structures, adjacent land and parking areas dedicated for the use of employees and customers. Wetlands - Areas that are wetlands include marshes, swamps and related land, which are transitional areas between water masses and upland areas. Woodlands - Areas that are covered with deciduous and coniferous species of trees or shrubs. Lands in this category consist of both suitable and unsuitable areas for development. �Section3 ':Ep1tin .£.anti1./Je Vacant Land - This category includes land that has not been developed as well as areas that cannot be placed in the other categories noted above. Undeveloped and/or vacant land may or may not be suitable for development. This category includes abandoned agricultural fields and flood plains. LAND USE DISTRIBUTION The following describes the existing land use distribution in Delta Township. Table 3- l and the accompanying Existing Land Use Map (page 48) supplements this text providing land use distribution data with graphic representation. General Existing Land Use Description In 2002 the character of Delta Township's land use is defined by urbanizing residential development, commercial development and a strong industrial presence. There are a number of other less prominent Predominate Township Land UseUrbanizing Residential Commercial and Strong Industrial land uses that include agricultural activity and transportation rights-ofway. Predominant natural land cover includes open woodlands, wetlands, rivers, streams and small ponds. space/vacant lands, Undeveloped open space and wooded areas make up nearly 20 percent (4,378 acres) of the Township's existing land area, with agriculture accounting for 20. l percent (4,632 acres), and rivers/wetlands 4.4 percent (1,021 acres). Combined, these natural resource areas account for over 23.4 percent of the Township's geographic area. TABLE 3-1 - EXISTING LAND USE AND NATURAL RESOURCE LAND COVER- 2002 Land Use Type Existing Acreage % of Total Acreage Single-Family Residential Two-Family Residential Multiple-Family Residential Manufactured Home Park Commercial Office Institutional Industrial / Utility Cemetery Parks, Recreational (inc. golf courses) Agriculture Transportation Rights-of-way Woodlands Open Space/ Vacant Water/ River/ Wetlands Total Acreage SOURCE: Gove Associates 2002 5,582 78 571 38 643 281 435 1,644 47 1,042 4,632 2,716 2,214 2,164 1,021 23,096 24.2 0.3 2.5 0.1 2.8 1.2 1.9 7.1 0.2 4.5 20.1 11.8 9.6 9.4 4.4 100.00 �Seclion3 ~slin /!.anti 1/Je Agricultural - Ag ricultura I land uses account for 4,632 acres in the Township. The majority of the farmland within the Township is located west of Interstate 96 and south of St. Joseph Highway. As is common in most suburban communities, family farms, particularly those operated as full-time farms, are declining within the Township. Overall, land devoted to active agriculture has steadily decreased over the past several decades. As development pressures increase, the capacity to sustain large areas of agriculture becomes more difficult. Residential - Residential uses of all types, including single-family, two-family and multiple-family housing along with manufactured homes, accounts for 6,257 acres in Delta Township, for an average gross density of 2.09 units per acre (or an average of 0.4 acres for each unit). The Existing Land Use map graphically displays the dispersion of residential land use within Delta Township. Heavy = ~ = - ; ::;;.-J',,.-----------;--c;;z""""';a concentrations of residential development can be found in the northeast and northwest quadrants of the Township, with the heaviest concentrations in sections 1 through 8, 1 0 through 15, 17, 19 through 21, 23 and 24. ~. ~- --~- ~i:s-t~~(;f ~~~~/~ 4,""""'3"~ 41·~~ The distribution of residential land use by type of unit shows single-family homes are spread throughout the Township while other residential land uses are more concentrated. Within the Township two-family residential units occupy approximately 78 acres. Two-family housing is concentrated in the northeast quadrant of the Township particularly in sections 1 0, 11, 14 through 1 6 and 24. Multiple-family housing units within the Township occupy 571 acres. Again these units are concentrated in the northeast quadrant of the Township, especially in sections 10 through 15 and 22 through 24. While a number of manufactured homes may be found in the Township on individual lots they are generally considered single-family homes. Within the Township there is one manufactured home community (230 sites) occupying 38 acres and it is located on N. Canal Road in section 16. �Secfion3 'Ep1fin /!.anti 1JJB The balance of the single-family residential development is located in linear configurations along the major roads in the Township. Such perimeter development, while common in many rural areas, is not considered the most efficient approach to land utilization. Michigan's Subdivision Control Act, which was subsequently amended by the Land Division Act, facilitated splitting larger parcels into smaller lots along roadways. There are negative impacts that result from these corridor developments. Because lots are developed along County roads, which are in effect perimeter roads surrounding full sections, the interior portions of the sections are typically not used, or if they are actively farmed, the potential for residential/ agricultural conflicts is enhanced. That is more likely to occur as the number of houses along the perimeter roadway increases. As perimeter lots develop, the preservation of the rural landscape becomes more difficult, in effect changing the visual character of the Township. In addition, each developed lot requires at least one driveway. As the number of lots and houses increase, so does the number of driveways. Over time, the propensity for vehicular accidents will increase. This type of development is predominant in the southwestern quadrant of the Township in sections 18 through 20, and 29 through 31. Table 2-8 (page 29) shows that the number of housing units has increased by 4,421 (50%) since l 980. While the number of housing units has steadily increased, the overall acreage for those units has increased at a much greater rate. Table 3-2 (page 47) shows residential land uses have increased l 07 percent since l 972 and 69 percent since 1984. When compared to the increase in total housing units over the past 20 years, the land allocated to residential development has increased at an accelerated rate. This is likely due to larger residential parcels, possibly aided by large-lot zoning standards. Commercial - Commercial uses cover 643 acres of the Township representing 2.8 percent of the Township's developed land area. .l .... .. ... -.: Commercial land uses are generally concentrated along Saginaw Highway and the Interstate 496 interchanges in sections 9, 16, 22, and 24. Commercial development is also found in sections 23, 25, 35, and 36. Commercial uses along Saginaw �Section3 ~Jtinq f.anrl 1/Je serve not only Delta Township residents but also the regional population. The commercial uses consist of a mix of a large indoor mall, small convenience retail, large big box regional retail, highway services/retail, hotels and restaurants. Township residents do their convenience shopping in the Lansing area. Since many residents commute to work in Lansing, it is likely that a substantial amount of shopping for convenience goods is done there. Comparison shopping (appliances, clothing, sporting goods, etc.) is available in the large shopping areas in the Greater Lansing Area. Most of the stores in these larger commercial centers are within a 15 to 30 minute drive from Delta Township. Industrial / Utility - Industrial development and utility land uses have been neatly concentrated in the southeast quadrant of the Township, generally south of Mt. Hope Highway and east of Interstate 96, with the exception of the General Motors Manufacturing Complex located in sections 32 and 33. In all, more than 1,644 acres are devoted to a variety of industrial uses in addition to warehouse, Industrial/utility land uses are concentrated in the southeast quadrant of the Township storage and distribution facilities. Erickson Power Plant, operated by the Lansing Board of Water and Light, is also located on an industrial parcel. Built in 1973, the plant operates a single coal fired generator producing 159 MW of electricity to serve industrial, commercial and residential customers. Institutional/Cemetery - The areas defined as institutional include buildings and structures that are under the ownership and jurisdiction of public and quasi-public entities. These land uses occupy over 435 acres or almost 1. 9 percent of the Township's geographic area. The institutional lands consist primarily of schools, churches, municipal offices and Township support facilities such as police and fire. These facilities are located throughout the Township typically north of Interstate 496 and Saginaw Highway. There are two cemeteries within the Township - Delta Center located on St. Joe Highway east of Canal Road, and Delta Hillside, on Delta River Drive east of Webster Street, occupying approximately 20 acres. The Parks, Recreation and Cemeteries Department operates and maintains these �SectionJ ~iJtinq .!!Anti1.he cemeteries. The Deepdale Cemetery, a private facility, is located at the southeast corner of the old Lansing Road/Waverly Road intersection. Recreational Existing land uses classified as parks or recreational areas consist of both Township maintained parks and privately operated golf courses or recreation areas. Parks and recreation areas cover 1,042 acres, or 4.6 percent of the Township. Of this, Delta Township Porks 681 acres are under the supervision of the Delta Township Parks, Recreation and Cemeteries Department. Of that, 317 acres are for utilized active recreation programming, while 364 acres are undeveloped or woodlands. In addition to the public parks, the private recreational land uses in the Township include a golf course and several nature preserves (Large Map on Page 17). Wetlands and Wetlands occupy 61 0 acres Water Areas approximately (2.6%) of Delta Township's land area. Water areas, including small creeks, account ponds, rivers and for another 4l2 acres ( l .7%) of the Township's total existing land area. The Grand River is the largest single body of water within the Township and encompasses 348 acres. The Grand River stretches more than l 0 miles in the northern and southeastern portions of the Township and represents perhaps the greatest natural resource of the Township. Two tributaries (Carrier Creek and Miller Creek) feed the Grand River. Carrier Creek is located east of Interstate 96 and flows from the south to the north through sections 27, 22, 15, l O and 3. Miller Creek also flows from south to north through sections 17, 8 and 5, draining the western portion of the Township. �Sec£ion3 ~1fin fAnrl 1/Je SUMMARY Delta Township has an area of approximately 23,096 acres, of which approximately 23 percent is classified natural resources as undeveloped land (Woodlands and Open Space), agricultural and vacant lands. The following graphs highlight the distribution of the major existing land uses by acreage and percentage, as identified on the Township's Existing Land Use Map. Graph l - Existing Land Use In Acres 6,000 - 5,000 - 4,000 1/) ... Cl) CJ 3,000 ci: 2,000 - - 1,000 0 n nn n - -- - - ,..... C: I- 0 ·..:: :::) ..c I- t; 0 n 11 ·.: (I) "' ::::> ""O C 0 -' 0) C ~ ·;;:"' w Graph 2 - Existing Land Use in Percent 30 25 c e - 20 Cl) 15 - Cl) C.. 10 5 0 1-- n n ..., n 11 11 - ..., As Graphs l and 2 illustrate, the predominant use of the Township's developed land is single-family residential. Industrial and utility uses also occupy a significant portion of land. These types of development have a tendency to take up large tracts, which will ultimately impact the amount of undeveloped land within the �Secfion3 'Epsfin .f.anrl1/Je Township. The Future Land Use section will designate the most appropriate locations for future development and recommend development patterns that will help to mitigate those negative impacts. Tab le 3-2 provides a comparison of land uses for the 1972 to 2002 period. Unfortunately all land uses are not represented for all years. However, the information provided in Table 3-2 illustrates the long-term decline in the amount of agricultural and vacant land and the corresponding increase in the developed land categories such as residential, commercial and industrial. TABLE 3-2 - DELTA TOWNSHIP LAND USES - 1972, 1984 AND 2002 Land Use Type Residential Single-Family Multiple-Family 1972 1984 2002 % CHANGE Acreage/% Acreage/% Acreage/% 1972-2002 2,961 / 12.3% 3,640 / 16.1% 6,153 / 27.4% +107 2,878 / 12% 3,389 / 1s% 5,582 / 24.9% +94% 83 / 0.3% 251 / 1.1 % 571 / 2.5% +588% N/A 97 /0.4% 281 / 1.3% +189%* 444 I 1.9% 643 / 2.9% +204% 644 I 2.8% 1,644 / 7.3% +155%* Office Commercial 211 / 0.9% Industrial N/A Agriculture N/A 1,112 I 34% 4,632 / 20.1% -40%* Vacant Land N/A 6,165 / 27% 2,164 / 9.7% -65%* N/A = Not Available *= % comparisons for 1984 to 2002 SOURCE: Gove Associates, Inc. 2002, Delta Township Planning Department �Map 3-1 2002 Existing Land Use Delta Tovmship. Eaton County Michigan Lectend ;_l~lw;ay_:/ti::!l:: Single Famit,- Residential r,lultiple Famit; Residential !& I ,£j"~J • • • "t;; Tv,,•o Family· Resid;mtial Manufactured Home Park • Utility 111111 Highway_i Railroad R1g ht of ~Vay • • Comm1:rcial Cemeter,, Parks and Recreation Area Agricultura I Offi-:e • Institutional ~ Vacant ~\'oodlands Industrial a::"' 0 C 0 .; >, 0 a:: I Davis Hlslr@:t_ " miles -· ·,J •:-;+E 5 0 O:w~.~J~il:~•~· 1-l• ·•=x..11 .. xue•J :,i;o,1,...:., iOUFCE Llndl-'; m.thon:..O nsa~,;, 1tion :•eH.ilo-'!.~_.,,.~.:,:,:, E �Section4 Communi 9n ut PUBLIC PARTICIPATION Delta Township has utilized several avenues to involve residents in the development of this Master Plan. Public participation included the distribution of a community opinion survey, open public workshops, public meetings and public hearings. In December of 200 l nearly l 0,000 community opinion surveys were distributed to Township residents in the Delta Magazine, a quarterly publication mailed to all housing units in the Township. Surveys were also made available to residents at the public library and online at the Delta Township website (www.deltami.gov). The goal of the survey was to assess community attitudes relating to current issues and concerns regarding future development within Delta Township. The information collected was used in the development of this master plan in order to assist the township in meeting the needs and desires of community residents. Nearly 700 surveys, or seven percent, were collected and tabulated. This is a relatively good response, providing statistical validity to the survey. A public workshop meeting was held at the Delta Township Hall on April 24, 2002. Participants identified their general "likes and dislikes" of the Community and provided specific input regarding residential, commercial, and industrial land uses. SURVEY OVERVIEW The Survey (Appendix B) provided the respondents the opportunity to rate various issues and statements by multiple choice. The respondents could choose from multiple-choice responses ranging from "Not a Problem" to "Serious Problem," "Excellent" to "Very Poor," and "Strongly Agree" to "Strongly Disagree." Respondents were also asked to provide opinions in their words on some open-ended questions. They identified, from a list of l 0 issues, five they felt were the most important. In addition, they provided information about the characteristics of their household. An analysis of the survey responses follows: own �Section4 Communi CONDITIONS - An analysis of the survey results identified the percentage of the responses for each multiple-choice question. Overall the community felt conditions within the Township were "Good" or "Excellent." Of the l 6 conditions presented, the greatest percentage of the respondents ranked 13 of the 16 conditions within the Township as "Good." These conditions were: 68% stated the general quality of life in the Township is good quality of drinking water storm drainage police protection fire protection ambulance services zoning enforcement building code enforcement recycling service cable service blight /junk enforcement ambulance/EMT service district library facility and service park facilities and programs The majority of the respondents stated road maintenance was fair and most had "no opinion" about private well drinking water and the public bus service. TOP FIVE CONDITIONS WITHIN DELTA TOWNSHIP 70 70 60 60 ~ 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 _ _ _ n _ 0 >, 0. ~ 0 z C: .;; .!!! <.> >< w ... 0 0 (!) 1.1n ... 'iii LL ... 0 0 0.. ~• - • ... 0 0 D.. 2:- -!t .1_nl C: 0 c a. 0 0 z 10 0 • • • D • Police protection Fire protection General Quality of life In the Township Park faclllties and programs Olstrlct llbrary faclltly and services �Secfion4 Communi 9n ut ISSUES - The survey presented 1 0 issues relating to the environment, traffic and infrastructure in a multiple-choice format. The respondents were asked to rank whether these issues were "Not a Problem" to a "Serious Problem" within the Township. The issues identified as "Serious Problems" within the Township included: Traffic volumes on W. Saginaw are a serious problem to most respondents division of farmland for residential development in the Township, amount of open space in the Township, traffic volumes on West Saginaw, traffic speeds on Township roads. The appearance of West Saginaw and traffic volumes in residential areas were identified as moderate problems. The protection of groundwater was listed as a possible problem. The amount of wetlands and the availability of sidewalks were identified as "not a problem." The chart below identifies the five issues receiving the greatest percentage of responses. TOP FIVE ISSUES WITHIN DELTA TOWNSHIP 60 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 - - 10 0 II II • - • n• I >, 0.. e0 z 10 E "' :0 e 0. 0"' z . er.. E :0 0 :0 ~ U) 0 0. l _ln. ... . E :0 :0 "E er. 0. er. 0 0 :E .!!' <i5 E . E :0 C: 0 e 0 ~... .g 0 en "D :ii: U) :::, CD ci. 0 z 0 • • • 0 • Division offarml and fo r residential development in the Townshi Traffic volume on W , Saginaw Avallabillty of sidewalks Appea r ance of West Saginaw corridor Traffic vo lumes in resi dential areas �Section4 Communi FUTURE ISSUES AND CONCERNS - A series of 28 statements were presented covering a variety of future issues and concerns relating to development, housing, transportation, parks and recreation facilities, the environment, and government/planning issues. The statements were presented in a multiple-choice format allowing respondents to identify how they felt about the statement ranging from "Strongly Agree" to" Strongly Disagree." Development Several statements concerning the development of industry, commercial areas, infrastructure, housing and park facilities were presented. The bulk of responses received regarding future development in the Township either "Strongly Agree," "Agree" or are "Neutral" to the statement. Respondents (45.7%) "Strongly Agree" singlefamily housing should be encouraged The statement "Single-family housing should be encouraged in the Township" is the only statement the majority of the respondents "Strongly Agree" with at 45.7 percent. Issues for which the majority of the respondents development of more parks and "Agree" with include recreation, preservation of open space, encourage infill commercial development rather than conversion of open space, and grant tax abatements to attract industrial development into the Township. a housing code (47.5%) When questioned about whether the Township should promote expansion of water mains and sanitary sewers to unserved areas, 40.7 percent were "Neutral" in their opinions The overall results are that more single-family housing is needed and additional parks and recreation facilities should be encouraged. Furthermore, the survey respondents feel the Township should consider tax abatements to attract industrial development and encourage infill commercial development over the conversion of open space for commercial development. Housing Delta Township is a growing community and housing is an integral part of this growth. More than eighty-two percent of the respondents either "Strongly Agree" or "Agree" that single-family housing should be encouraged within the Township. The community also has strong opinions regarding a housing code and �Secfion4 Communi 9n ut maintenance. Twenty-eight percent "Strongly Agreed" and 47.5 percent "Agreed" that the Township should adopt a housing code to encourage property maintenance. Transportation Several statements on the survey dealt with transportation related issues including roads, sidewalks, and West Saginaw Highway. These issues raised interest among respondents and broad ranges of opinions were received. The median response was "Neutral" on the issues of creating a boulevard and burying the power lines along West Saginaw Highway, the Township financing the paving of gravel roads, and the construction of more east - west roads. More than two-thirds of the respondents "Strongly Agree" or "Agree" that sidewalks should be mandated in all new developments and that the Township roads are generally in good condition. A strong negative or "Disagree" response was received regarding the issue of the Township financing the installation of sidewalks where they presently don't existent. The overall community opinion regarding transportation related issues appears to be undecided or negative toward the Township financing transportation projects and the creation or modification of the existing road system. The one issue strongly supported by the community is mandating sidewalk construction in all new developments. Environment Two environmental statements on the survey pertained to the preservation of farmland and open space in the Township. While both issues receive strong support, more than 80 percent are in favor of open space preservation, while just over 71 percent feel that farmland in the Township should be preserved. The preservation of farmland and open space is important to residents living within Delta Township. Respondents strongly support sidewalks for all new developments �Section4 Communi Parks, Recreation and Library Facilities Overall, 61.8 percent of those surveyed "Strongly Agree" or "Agree" that ----~ development of more parks and recreation facilities should be encouraged in the Township. This was followed by 28.0 percent who were "Neutral." Should recreation/ park facilities be encouraged? 61.8% strongly agree or agree The survey asked respondents if library facilities ir the Township are adequate. Of those responding to this statement, 55.3 percent either "Strongly Agree" or "Agree," followed by 21.6 percent being "Neutral" and 21.5 percent who "Disagree" or "Strongly Disagree." In general, the community supports additional park and recreation facilities. However, the need for additional library facilities among respondents is somewhat more questionable. While more than half of the respondents believe the library facilities are adequate, the relatively large number of respondents who feel the library is not adequate or are neutral on this issue indicates that there still may be a need for additional library facilities in the Township. Government/Planning Residents were questioned on issues such as police and fire protection and ambulance service, in addition to Township planning and government-related issues such as zoning/building code enforcement, Township communication with businesses, with residents, and taxes. A majority feel that emergency services are adequate while at the same time zoning and communication issues along with Township services did not receive as high a mark. Police and fire protection are considered to be adequate or satisfactory with responses of 87.6 percent and 91.2 percent respectively, while 79.4 percent of respondents believe ambulance services are adequate. A number of zoning and code enforcement issues including the regulation of signs, housing codes to encourage property maintenance and the regulation of communication towers were also addressed. A plurality of respondents (47%) feel that signs within the Township are being adequately regulated, while 30 percent are "Neutral" and l 8.5 percent believe signs are not being regulated enough. Respondents want the �Secfion4 Communi 9n ut Township to adopt a Housing Code to encourage property maintenance and to stringently regulate the installation of communication towers. Several issues regarding Township services, communication and cooperation between Township officials and residents were also included in the survey. More than half of the respondents would support Township yard waste pickup, while the remainder are either neutral or not in favor of yard waste pickup. A slightly more positive response was received regarding the recycling services provided by the Township. Overall, nearly 60 percent consider the recycling services provided by the Township to be reasonable. When asked about whether the Township should assist in organizing neighborhoods so residents could better represent themselves, a "neutral" response was most prevalent. This was followed by "yes - they should assist in organizing neighborhoods". Creating a recognizable identity within the Township is important to 48 percent, while 33 percent are neutral on this issue. A large number of respondents also believe that the Township should support items of regional interest such as solid waste, CATA, the Potter Park Zoo and the Capital City Airport. Communication between Township officials and residents is considered good by 61 percent of those surveyed. Property taxes within the Township are felt to be reasonable by 46 percent of the respondents, while 28 percent do not feel taxes are reasonable and 23 percent are "neutral" on taxes. Overall, resident's opinions regarding the Township's government and planning issues are positive. While, emergency services are perceived to be very adequate, zoning and code enforcement did not receive as high a mark and could be improved - specifically sign regulations, communication towers and the adoption of a housing code. In terms of Township services and communication between the Township and residents, opinions are mixed. Residents are happy with the existing recycling services while they also cite a need for yard waste pick-up. More than half of the respondents feel that communication between the Township and residents is good while fewer than half consider taxes to be reasonable. - Respondents support yard waste pickup - 60% felt recycling services reasonable - Communication between officials and residents good �Secfion4 Communi Top Five Future Issues The respondents were presented 10 issues and asked to identify the five issues they felt were most important on a scale of 1 to 5, with 1 being most important and 5 being least important. The primary issue to be addressed is clear. However, other issues are not as clear. Respondents identified and ranked traffic congestion as the most important issue to be addressed by the Township. Following traffic congestion, road maintenance is also one of the top issues. However, most respondents gave it a score of "4" stating it as an important issue but not a top priority. Police protection received the third highest number of responses, yet the majority of those responding gave it a score of "1" indicating that it is one of the most important issues in the Township. Rounding out the top five issues are fire protection and drainage. The following are the issues in order of importance based upon the composite scores. It should be noted that several of the issues aside from traffic congestion also received number 1 priority votes. Traffic Congestion Road Maintenance Police protection Fire protection Drainage Issues: Household and Demographic Information A portion of the survey included some general questions regarding household characteristics. This information is not necessary in the development of the master plan, however, it provides Township officials with a better understanding of whose voices are being heard. The majority of Township respondents live in Please indicate your age category. either the Grand Ledge or the Waverly School so ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . District. 45 + - - - - - - - - - - 50 • 25 or younger • 26-44 0 65+ . ... AS More than three quarters of the respondents are over the age of 45, with the greatest number of respondents being between the age of 45 and 64. Just over 36 percent of those surveyed were either unemployed or retired. If the individual was employed, he or she likely worked within the City of Lansing (26.3%) or in Delta Township (17.1 ). Plaese lncuceto your ago ce'tegory. �Secfion4 Communi 9n ut The average household size among respondents is 2.3 persons, with 1.5 persons employed full-time and 1.2 persons part-time. More than 73 percent of respondent households do not have any children under the age of 1 8, while 63 percent have someone over the age of 65 in their household. Twenty-eight percent of those In which type of dwelling do you live? surveyed BO reported having school aged children, while 6.7 70 70 • • • percent have children attending a 2 or 4-year college. Overall, Single-Family Home 60 Apartment most respondents' school-aged Duplex 0 Mobile Home • Condomin ium 50 children attended public schools rather than private/parochial, charter schools or are home 30 & :r ~ fl ~ I "' J- l schooled. Additionally, more than percent those 20 D 53 of surveyed have no children in school. This is likely a result of i X ,:11 ~ :E g> in E ~ ~ ~ <.> the high proportion of individuals over the age of 65 completing the In which type ot dwelling do you ltve? survey. 90% of respond~ own the home they > Nearly 90 percent of those surveyed lived in a home they owned, while 7.5 percent were renters. More than three-quarters live in a single-family home, followed by 14 percent living in a condominium, 5.2 percent living in an apartment and 1.8 percent live in either a mobile home or a duplex unit. Forty-one percent of the respondents have lived at their present address for more than 20 years, while 23 percent have lived in their home for 10 to 20 years, indicating a stable residential base that has a vested interest in the community. livein �Section4 Communi The distribution of household incomes among survey respondents is generally representative of the household income distribution of the Township as a whole. Households having incomes between $50,000 and $74,999 made up the largest proportion L.nsth.m$24,999 $25,000 ·MS.999 25 -1---~ $.50,000-$74,999 II 20 + - -- - those surveyed followed by those in the $25,000 Annual Household Income 30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ • • •D .,~,......,.., • $100,000-$124,999 of 30 to $49,999 income group. Just over 6 percent of those surveyed reported household incomes of less $125,000 0UTI0nl than $24,999, while 16.6 percent earned between $99,999, 1 0.5 $75,000 percent and earned $100,000 to $124,999 and 5.9 percent earned more than $125,000. WORKSHOP OVERVIEW - In an effort to gather additional community input on future land use issues and public facilities, Delta Township held a community roundtable or futuring workshop on April 24, 2002. The workshop was held at the Township Hall and was attended by 21 Delta Township residents. Statistical information on past population and housing growth trends was presented to the group, as well as a number of maps including water and sewer service areas and the existing land uses in Delta Township. Using a Community Issues worksheet, participants were encouraged to give input on Residential, Commercial and Industrial development, Public Lands and Facilities, Open Space, Agriculture and any other future land use issues. The following is a summary of issues discussed: �Section4 Communi 9n ut Residential Development • Statements were made in support of single-family and senior housing. Single-family/senior housing supported • Discussion took place regarding the minimum lot size requirements in residential areas. • Those in attendance felt strip residential development along sectionline roads was undesirable. The possible impacts of manufactured housing on the community were identified and discussed. • Several participants expressed concerns regarding the number of multiple-family housing units that had been constructed in the Township during the 1 990s. Commercial Development • The general consensus of those present was that commercial development should continue to be limited to West Saginaw Highway and that such development should not extend west of Broadbent Road. Participants identified the existence of vacant retail buildings in the Township and the need to fill these buildings rather than convert farmland to commercial uses. • A statement was made that commercial development generates significant volumes of traffic that is negatively impacting the quality of life. Industrial Development • The general consensus of the group was that the industrial development in the southeastern corner of the Township had been well planned and should be left "as is". �Section4 Communi Agricultural Land Use • Varying opinions were expressed as to how best to preserve the remaining agricultural land in the Township. Public Land/facilities • A comment was made that there is a need for additional parkland west of 1-96 due to residential development in the area. • An individual requested that Township officials consider providing a community recreation center which would house year-round, indoor activities. Transportation/Roadway Network • Concerns were expressed regarding the proposed east-west collector roads in the Township and the possible negative impacts these roads could have on adjacent residential neighborhoods. • It was suggested that traffic-calming techniques be considered to address "cut-through" and speeding traffic in residential areas in the eastern portion of the Township. Environmental Issues/Concerns • Support was expressed for the continued enhancement of the Carrier Creek through the center of Delta Township. �Section5 l!,oa/J anrl06;ectifl6J The goals presented in this section are intended attitudes to and reflect local aspirations with respect to growth and development within Delta Township. The goals were developed following a review of goals in the former Comprehensive Plan, an evaluation of existing conditions within the Township, and input received from a community opinion survey and public workshop. The goals and objectives are identified by subject matter for clarification. However, this does not mean that each goal or objective is mutually exclusive from another goal or objective. It is acknowledged that both must be adaptable to changing conditions, balanced against competing priorities, and subject to regulatory constraints and fiscal limits. The goals and objectives will form the basis of more detailed policies that will be defined in the Implementation Section. Residential Goal: Facilitate residential development that will fulfill the needs of the various population segments in the Township while maintaining a balance between the existing urban and rural character. Objectives: :> Identify areas for future residential development that are within close proximity to existing developed areas and necessary infrastructure, with preference for infill sites. �Secfion5 qoa/J anti06;ecfives :> Ensure higher and lower density housing is compatibly located to eliminate/minimize conflicts. :> Ensure smooth transitions between residential and non-residential uses by open space, buffered thoroughfares, and placement of the appropriate zoning districts. :> Enhance the older residential neighborhoods in the eastern portion of the Township through code enforcement, maintenance of public infrastructure, and implementation of traffic calming techniques. :> Maintain control over development of new single-family homes within agricultural areas. Commercial Goal: Provide adequate commercial facilities, appropriately located and scaled, to serve regional, community and neighborhood needs. Objectives: :> Encourage infill development commercial land and/or or buildings the redevelopment along the Saginaw of vacant Highway corridor, and other older commercial areas. :> Limit new commercial development on Saginaw Highway to areas east of Broadbent Road. :> Design commercial areas that are compatible with adjacent residential land uses relating to such items as lighting, traffic circulation, parking, signage, landscaping and solid waste disposal. :> Identify commercial areas exhibiting early signs of blight and create action plans to address the problems. �SeclionJ f;oafs anti06;eclives :, Attempt to contain strip commercial development within the existing boundaries along Saginaw Highway. :> Continue efforts to improve the aesthetics along Saginaw Highway via signage improvements, overhead power lines placed underground, service drives and driveway consolidations. Industrial Goal: Maintain an attractive industrial area which provides a diversified tax base and employment opportunities. Objectives: :> Prevent encroachment on existing and planned industrial areas from incompatible land uses. :> Ensure that the Township has an ample supply of properly located and appropriately sized industrial sites that are adequately served by public utilities and transportation systems. :> Leverage private investments in the industrial tracts with tax incentives by the Township as appropriate. :> Continue the Township's efforts to retain existing industries via retention calls and industrial newsletters and recruit new industrial firms through marketing efforts. :> Support the improvement of roads in the industrial tract to all-weather status. �Section5 (Joali anti06;ectives Public Services and Facilities Goal: Encourage sufficient and available public services and facilities to meet the growing needs of the Township. Objectives: :> Provide law enforcement and fire protection services that meet the needs of the Township to ensure the safety and well-being of Delta Township residents and property. :> Mandate residential properties and commercial and industrial businesses connect to public water systems when available. :> Explore the benefits of privatizing and/or sharing facilities and services with other communities. :> Develop procedures for greater collaboration and coordination of efforts between school districts and the Township. :> Identify valuable historic assets within the Township and develop programs and societies to preserve and promote those assets. :> Develop infrastructure (water, sanitary sewer) in phased expansions, concurrent with new construction. :> Develop an approach to planning and development that emphasizes coordination and cooperation between Delta Township and surrounding communities through mutual financing and operation of area-wide and regional facilities. �Secfion5 l!,oa/J anti0/J;ecfiveJ Land Use Planning Goal: Encourage managed growth and provide contemporary land use regulations. Objectives: :) Keep development codes up to date in accordance with case law. :) Pursue a policy of managed growth and explore new and innovative methods of achieving beneficial results. :) Coordinate the Township's land use planning efforts with adjacent communities and the efforts of the Tri-County Regional Planning Commission. :) Recognize the needs of a diversifying Township population and identify programs to address specific needs. :) Identify emerging socio-economic trends, such as an aging population, and respond with appropriate planning and zoning techniques. :) Encourage public involvement when reviewing land development proposals and strive to improve communication between public officials and Township residents and property owners. :) Take a proactive role in the redevelopment of Brownfield sites. :) Encourage new development within the Township to follow Smart Growth Concepts, Smart Growth is not "no-growth" - it is sustainable growth. �Secfion7 /!,oafs anl06;ectifl6J Transportation Goal: Support efforts to improve transportation services and infrastructure in the Township in order to facilitate safe and efficient motorized and non-motorized transportation. Objectives: :> Continue to support the Township's efforts to encourage the establishment of a boulevard on Saginaw Highway west of 1-96 via right-of-way acquisition, the preparation of a boulevard design, and continued dialogue with MDOT officials. :> Support MDOT in their efforts to reconstruct the 1-96/Saginaw interchange. :> Continue to support the Eaton County Road Commission's street resurfacing program for residential streets. :, Encourage sufficient funding to repair sidewalks, fill in gaps in the sidewalk system, provide sidewalks and/or bike lanes in conjunction with new /rebuilt roadways and mandate the provision of sidewalks in conjunction with new development. :> Encourage the provision of public transit service to the Township's residential, commercial and industrial areas. :> Land uses generating significant amounts of traffic shall be served by thoroughfares that can safely and adequately handle the traffic. :> Examine the need for a road crossing of the Grand River, west of 1-96. �Section5 /!,oafs anti06;ective1 Open Space and Recreation Goal: Provide adequate open space areas, recreational facilities and programs for passive and active use by Township residents. Objectives: :> Support linkages (walkable residential areas and pathways, and sidewalks) between recreational facilities whenever reasonably feasible. :> Support the development of bicycle/pedestrian corridors (linear parks) within the Township with linkages to pathways in adjacent communities. :> Promote the recreational facilities offered at the Township's parks and other recreational areas such as the Woldumar Nature Center and Audubon properties. :> Encourage new residential developments to provide open space for their residents. :> Pursue a timely and economic open space acquisition and development program as the Township's population increases. Environment Goal: Protect the quality of the Township's natural resources and environmentally sensitive areas. Objectives: :> Assist the Eaton County Drain Commissioner in efforts to promote storm water management practices. :> Continue the Township's Well Head Protection efforts including the adoption/enforcement of zoning regulations and providing assistance in the capping of abandoned wells. :> Identify soils highly conducive to agricultural production, such as those found in southwestern Delta Township, and attempt to preserve farming activities in such areas. �Section5 qoal.r anti06;ectiws :, Support the Township 's Flood Plain Management efforts. :, Promote the use of the Grand River for recreation. :, Promote the extension of public water and sanitary sewer services to those areas in the Township where the public health is threatened by on-site systems. :, Preserve prime farmland applicable methods. e through zoning regulations and other �FUTURE DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT The overriding concepts for the future distribution of land uses in Delta Township are embodied within Section 5 - Goals and Objectives. Future land use will be based upon controlled and managed growth 'with the preservation of the Township's natural resources, including the conservation of agricultural activities, open space preservation around future residential development and concentrated, well-managed commercial and service districts with sufficient infrastructure. These concepts have to be realized while the Township accommodates an estimated 3,366 additional housing units by the year 2020, based upon the projections provided in Table 6-1. This represents a 26.8 percent increase in units between the years 2000 and 2020, using the data in Table 2-8. The proposed future land use patterns were developed utilizing previous community reports and surveys. That includes the January, 2002 Delta Township Community Survey, the Master Plan Futuring Session held at the Township Hall on April 24th, 2002, and direction from the Township Planning Commission, all of which resulted in Goals and Objectives (Section 5). Overall, the future land use patterns proposed in this Plan consist of the following: The existing concentrations of residential development north of 1-496 and east of 196 will remain, and new development will be focused as infill north of Mount Hope Highway, west of 1-96. New developments should avoid the traditional residential linear pattern along Township roads typical of the preceding decades. That pattern created medium and large size lots that were inefficient, depleted usable agricultural resources, increased driveway /street access conflicts, and diminished the sense of "openness" that defines rural character. An even more desirable approach to attaining the desired land use vision is to go beyond the standard types of residential subdivisions and concentrate development in "clusters," separated by expansive open space areas. These development clusters should be located so as to minimize consumption of open space and agricultural land while being easily accessible to public facilities and utilities. Industrial growth will continue to be concentrated in the southeast quadrant of the Township. Continued industrial development is anticipated in the GM 425 area west of 1-96 as well as the 1 00-acre triangle area north of Davis Highway and west of Canal Road. Controls over future commercial and retail development will �Secfion b 7=uture f.anrf the remain consistent with past planning efforts, concentrating commercial and retail enterprises along Saginaw Highway. Overall, development should be consistent with the Township Zoning Ordinance and the road classification requirements outlined in the Ordinance for specific land uses, such as golf courses being located on arterial roads. For road requirements by land use see the Township Zoning Ordinance and for road classifications within the Township see the National Functional Classification map provided by MDOT in Appendix A of this plan. FI.RURE LAND USE Agriculture/Open Space The history of Delta Township is defined by its natural resources, particularly the Grand River and its tributaries, as well as agriculture, most notably row crop and sod production. Many residents of the Township want to retain as much of the existing agricultural land use as possible in an effort to maintain some of the Township's rural character. This Plan promotes the preservation of as much open space and wetlands as possible, along with the retention of agricultural land within the framework of the residential growth that is expected to occur. The lands proposed to remain in agriculture are primarily located in the southwest corner of the Township in sections 29, 30, and 31 (see Map 6-1 on page 82). While most of these larger parcels are in active agriculture, there is no guarantee they will remain so. This plan recommends that the 20 acre minimum lot size requirement which has been enforced in these three sections for nearly 30 years be continued. Individual property owners may intend to ultimately develop these lands as residential. Beyond the outright purchase of these parcels for the purposes of preserving them as agriculture or open space, the only options for controlling the location and pace of development (and preservation) is through public or nonprofit land use controls. Residential The tremendous increase in the Township's residential growth has been the greatest single impact upon agricultural lands, with new industrial and commercial development close behind. The supply of vacant land in Delta Township has decreased significantly in the 1 970 to 2000 period. Many areas in the western portion of the Township have been divided into "country estate" home sites of 2-5 �Section b t'future .f.antfUJe acres. These large acreage parcels will most likely not be subdivided or used for higher density development and extending utilities to such areas will be challenging. The supply of 40+ acre parcels in western Delta Township, which are the most conducive to residential development, is dwindling. The need to accommodate the number of additional households forecasted to move to, or be created within, the Township while retaining agricultural land and preserving open spaces, requires a new approach to residential development. This approach differs slightly from some of the development patterns and practices that have taken place in the past. It should also be sensitive to the conditions that have resulted from that development. The lot splits that have occurred and the land use patterns that now exist cannot be easily changed, nor should they. Although redevelopment of residential properties is likely to occur over the next 20 years, the primary emphasis of this Plan is on addressing new development. The process for defining the character of future residential development within the Township is based upon two major factors: 1) the number and size of parcels required to accommodate expected growth and 2) the geographic distribution of those parcels. The projected distribution of housing units through 2020 is proposed to be similar to the same general proportion by type that existed in the 1 980s and 1 990s (being approximately two-thirds site-built single-family homes and one-third attached multiple-family units). The Township experienced a substantial increase in the number of multiple-family housing units in the late 1 990s; therefore, the projected distribution of new units will utilize an average of the 1 980, 1 990 and 2000 distribution. The Plan calls for the concentration of housing in the areas designated on the Future Land Use map (page 82). It is recommended that substantial open spaces be set aside within each development, and larger parcels be reserved for open space preservation in developing areas of the Township. Such concentration may require that the average size of parcels proposed in this Plan be smaller than historically platted to accommodate common open space. To provide for rational, efficient residential development, to facilitate the retention of agricultural lands on the west side of the Township, and preservation of open space in developing areas, this Plan calls for the concentration of planned �Secfion b ~ufure f.antf ti.re residential development within defined development areas, and to a lesser extent, individual single-family homes constructed within traditional development patterns. As an alternative to those traditional linear and subdivision developments that have characterized some areas of the Township, the distribution of residential activities in the form of "clustered" open space developments are preferred. This form of development essentially concentrates housing at higher densities and provides for common open spaces within designated project areas. It is more efficient, aesthetic, and environmentally sensitive than the standard subdivision, which typically allocates the entire development to private lots and easements for streets and sidewalks. A clustered open space project also contains streets and private lots, as well as large open spaces that are allocated to recreation, trails, protection of unique environmental features, or other natural areas. The same number of units, or even more units, can be built in a clustered development as a traditional subdivision, because the developer is allowed to decrease the lot size as defined in the zoning ordinance, thereby increasing the density of the developed portion of the project and decreasing the amount and cost of necessary infrastructure. As a result, the balance of the project will create open/natural recreational spaces. The combination of smaller lots, the projected number of housing units, and the incorporation of clustered developments will define the parameters for the number of acres that should be devoted to new residential development within the Township. Following these concepts, the average lot size for inclusion within cluster developments could be slightly smaller than traditional subdivision lots in the Township. Each cluster development should attempt to designate a notable portion of the development as undeveloped land (open space, trails, etc.). Traditionally clustered developments have not been common in Delta Township. A separate study may be necessary to determine why clustered developments have been underutilized within the Township, and an evaluation of the Township Zoning Ordinance, as it relates to density bonus in residential developments may be necessary. This plan advocates an increase in the number of developments within the Township during the 20-year planning period. - clustered �.Secfion b t'future i'Antl 1/Je The following figures depict samples of cluster /open space development. Figure 1 shows a traditional subdivision where the entire parcel is developed with singlefamily lots. Figure 2 shows the same parcel as a residential cluster development with each lot area reduced in size, and the balance of the parcel allocated to natural open space. Figure 3 is another sample cluster /open space development similar to the type that could potentially be established within the Township. , I I I y, '\ \\ \\ --~ Open Sp:iee Plan • .!.,J d~~J,1 _g1. • ,., on~ar.,,, 'l's • IO II li,1911 l:;1s • e :i1tacl'led .,, ,,to • 62¾ opc.n .:;pl\~ 100 n.:.r FIGURE 1 -Traditional Subdivision Development FIGURE 2 - Cluster Development ,, l , // FIGURE 3 - Cluster Development --- �Section b ?=ufure i'Anrl1/Je Calculating Gross Acreage for Future Residential Development - The following describes the calculations used to determine the gross acreage devoted to new residential development within the Township. As noted earlier (page 71 ), the Township plans to encourage a similar proportion by type of housing unit mix that currently exists within Delta Township. That is, two thirds site-built single-family homes and one-third attached multiple-family and other units. Combining this housing unit mix, with the need to accommodate an estimated 3,366 additional housing units by the year 2020, calculations can be made for various types of housing and the gross acreage needed for new residential development. (The 3,366 units are projected to be needed to accommodate an additional 6,534 residents (3,366 households) over the next 20 years, in accordance with the 2020 "target" population of 36,216). Single-Family Housing Following past trends for the distribution of future residential development projects 2,244 new site-built single-family homes (3,366 units x .6666) are projected in 2020. In the interest of developing land efficiently within Delta Township future single-family housing should be encouraged in more compact forms of residential development. The proposed solution would be to encourage development in both traditional clusters/open space developments where average densities would be between 2.5 and 5.0 units per acre. The concept behind clustered/open space development results in increasing densities on land zoned for a lower density in exchange for preserving tracts of land as undeveloped and open space. While the number of new site-built single-family homes can be estimated with some certainty, the specific number of homes to be developed using cluster/open space development methods and the projected land area necessary to accommodate the new housing units is more difficult. The following calculation presents a range for an estimate of the amount of land that will be necessary for future site-built single-family homes. - Units Required: 2,244 projected additional single-family site built units. �Section b 7=uture !Anti1/Js Acres Required: Traditional subdivision development 2,244 units at an average net density of 2.5 units per acre = 898 acres plus 20% for infrastructure ( l 80 acres) = 1,078 acres Clustered/Open Space subdivision development 2,244 units at an average net density of 5.0 units per acre = 449 acres plus 20% for infrastructure (90 acres) = 539 acres. PLUS Open Space Requirement = Clustered/Open Space Developments require land to be left as perpetual open space and be undeveloped. The amount of land left should be at a minimum l 0% of the total development, while as much as 30% of the development in some subdivisions could be left as open space. Therefore, the additional land required for open space, should some or all of the 2,244 units be developed in clustered/open space subdivision developments, would be between 60 acres ( 10% open space) and 1 80 acres (30% open space). Total acres to accommodate 2,244 open space residential units would be between 659 and 779 acres. (539 + 60 = 599 and 539 + 180 =719) Therefore, between 599 and 1,078 acres of land will be required to accommodate the development of 2,244 site built single family homes by 2020. These units should be distributed between traditional and clustered/open space developments at densities between 2.5/5.0 units per acre. Attached Multiple Family and Other Housing Units For the purpose of distributing future housing units into two-thirds site-built singlefamily and one-third attached multiple-family or other housing units, the future distribution of attached multiple-family, duplex and manufactured homes are calculated together. The detailed distribution of these units by unit type should be consistent with the quantity of land available in the respective zoning districts. Of the projected 3,366 new housing units, 1,122 units are allocated for development as "non-site built single-family homes" and be developed as either - attached multiple-family units, duplex units or manufactured housing units. �Section b ~uture tAnl Use Future "non-site built single-family home" developments will occur in densities ranging from 6 units per acre to 15 units per acre depending on the zoning districts and allowed densities. Therefore, a range of future land use distributions for new units in these categories have been calculated to present an estimate of the land needed to accommodate the 1, 1 22 units. Acres Required: Based on Development density of 6 units per acre 1, 1 22 units at a density of 6 units per acre = 187 acres, plus 20% for infrastructure (37 acres) = 224 acres Based on development density of 15 units per acre 1, 1 22 units at a density of 15 units per acre = 7 5 acres, plus 20% for infrastructure ( 15 acres) = 90 acres. The total land area the Township should anticipate to be developed for future "non-site built single-family homes" such as attached multiple-family units, duplex units or manufactured housing units by the end of the planning period of 2020 would be between 90 and 224 acres. The total minimum land area that should be allocated to all expected residential development of all types over the next 20 years is therefore 689 acres (599+90). The formula used for determining the amount of acreage needed for site built single-family homes and attached multiple-family units, duplex units or manufactured housing units is identified in Table 6-1 along with the projected housing need in five-year increments, based upon the target 2020 population of 36,216 and a housing need of 3,366 units. In Table 6-1, the total numbers of projected additional site-built single-family units are allocated according to whether the development patterns proposed are traditional subdivisions or clustered/open space developments. Also, the projected numbers of additional attached multiple-family, duplex and manufactured units along with their associated required acreage are illustrated at two development densities. Providing ranges based on different units per acre densities allows for some flexibility when residential developments are proposed. �Section b ~uture f.antf UJe TABLE 6-1 - DELTA TOWNSHIP POPULATION - LAND AREA PROJECTIONS Total Population 2000 Total Target Population 2020 Total Additional Population 2000-2020 29,682 36,216 6,534 Total Total Additional Population Per Five Year Increments 5 Year Increment New Total Population Average Person Per Household ~ 2005 20062010 20112015 20162020 20012020# 1,439 1,698 1,699 1,698 6,534 31,121 32,819 34,518 36,216 6,534 2.31* 2.27* 2.25* 2.24* Total New Housing Units 735 965 862 804 3,366 66.66% Site-Built Single-Family Units 490 643 575 536 2,244 245 322 287 268 1,122 235 309 276 258 1,078 118 155 138 128 539 10% Open Space 12 15 14 15 54 30% Open Space 35 46 41 38 160 130-153 170-201 152-179 141-166 593-699 130-235 170-309 152-276 141-258 593-1,078 245 322 287 268 1,122 49 64 57 53 224 19 25 23 21 90 19-49 25-64 23-57 21-53 90-224 149-284 195-373 175-333 162-311 683-1,301 33.33 % Multiple-Family, Duplex, Manufactured Horne Units (non-site built single family) New Site-Built Single-Family Units Acres Needed at 2.5 Units/Acre includes 20% for streets (traditional development) • Acres Needed at 5.0 Units/Acre includes 20% for streets (clustered/open space) Additional Open Space Total Acres for clustered/open space Total Additional Acres New Site-Built Single-Family Units New Non Site-Built Single Family Units Acres Needed at 6 Units/Acre includes 20% for streets Acres Needed at 15 Units/Acre includes 20% for streets Total Additional Acres New Non Site-Built Single-Family Units TOT AL NEW RESIDENTIAL ACRES NEEDED *Projected household size based upon Delta Township as proportion of projected national trends in household size. # Calculations have been rounded SOURCE: Gove Associates 2003 �Section b t'fufure f.anl 1/Je The additional acreage required for all types of residential development (singlefamily clustered or unclustered, duplex, multiple-family and manufactured homes) are added together to determine the minimum acreage required. This total acreage is then compared to the future land use allocations depicted in Table 6-2. The comparison indicates that the Future Land Use map, which contains an additional 3,972 acres set aside for residential development over what was existing in 2002, is significantly more than the projected 7 46 - 1,301 acres of land required to accommodate the 2020 target population of 36,216. The table depicts the allocation of units and associated acreages in five-year increments. This will allow the Township to identify the amount of land that should be developed or zoned accordingly within a long-term phased process. The geographic distribution of these developments should be based upon factors that impact some of the more important criteria that need to be considered. Those criteria consist of achieving the policies defined in this Plan, project affordability, public costs, feasibility and sustainability. Some of the major factors that are related to those criteria are retention of agriculture and open space, capacity of the soils to sustain development, protection of surface water and ground water, the need to be served by public utilities (sewer and/or water) and access via existing primary roads. The potential creation of clustered residential developments in the Township should be located in areas that are being considered for planned residential development on larger parcels that have been assembled or can be assembled. These parcels should be in areas that will have the least impact on the depletion of prime agricultural lands, are on soils that are not conducive to wetness or flooding, and in locations that will minimize the need for additional public expenditures in infrastructure (utilities and roadway expansion). While each location factor may not be completely satisfied in those areas identified for residential development on the Future Land Use Map, these locations represent the areas where residential development should occur and clustered development should occur, where the "best fit" of the composite of these factors is present. �Secfion b ~ufure i!Antl the TABLE 6-2 - LONG-RANGE FUTURE LAND USE (YEAR 2020) LAND USE ACREAGE Existing Single-Family Residential Two-Family Residential Multiple-Family Residential Manufactured Home Park Commercial Office Institutional Industrial / Utility Cemetery Parks, Recreational (inc. golf courses) Agriculture Transportation Rights-of-Way %of Total Future %of Total % Change Change 15.9 0.2 3,579 44 265 9 369 374 67 1,942 0 64.1 57.7 46.4 34.6 56.8 127.6 13.6 115.6 0.0 4.9 7.1 12.9 68 -3,013 2 6.05 -65.3 0.0 0 0.00 -2,200 -100 9.5 648 2.9 -1,504 69.8 1.8 100 412 1.8 0 0.0 22,709 100 0 5,582 78 571 26 649 293 426 1,680 55 1,042 4,617 2,926 24.6 0.3 2.5 0.1 2.9 1.3 1.9 7.4 0.2 4.6 20.3 12.9 9,161 122 836 35 1,018 667 490 3,622 55 1,110 1,604 2,928 40.3 0.5 3.7 0.1 4.5 2.9 2.2 2,200 9.7 2,152 412 22,709 Natural Resource Land Cover Woodlands* Open Space / Undeveloped / Preservation Corridor Water/ River/ Wetlands Total Acreage *While the table illustrates a loss of 2,200 acres of woodlands by 2020, neither the plan nor the map advocate the total elimination of woodlands in Delta Township. For the purpose of allocating future land use in areas currently occupied by woodlands the map depicts woodlands as an overlay to the land use best suited for that area. In the event development occurs in woodland areas, efforts should be taken to preserve as much woodlands as possible in those areas. SOURCE: Gove Associates, Inc. 2003 The Future Land Use map allocates a total of 9,037 acres for existing and future low density (clustered or unclustered) single-family residential development (at 1 to 3 units per acre), 1 22 acres for medium density (clustered) single-family residential development or duplex units (at approximately 4.8 units per acre), and 946 acres for high density multiple-family (apartments and mobile home parks at 6 to 15 units per acre) residential development. Commercial An additional 369 acres of retail/service commercial development will be added to the Township's land use inventory. This expanded commercial development would be concentrated along West Saginaw Highway (M-43). The West Saginaw ,..,., Highway area, serves as the commercial corridor for the Township, and the bulk of �Secfion b ~uture .&mrl1/se the new commercial development should be concentrated as infill development. Further commercial development in this area could be structured with a relatively higher density mix of retail stores, and offices. New development utilizing neotraditional design concepts can promote specific pedestrian-friendly architectural requirements and could be applied and strictly controlled within the framework of a parallel code (like a Planned Unit Development ordinance) relative to access, landscaping, parking, and other site and corridor design and safety considerations. Along with an additional 369 acres being added to the Township's commercial land use inventory, redevelopment of existing vacant or underutilized commercial areas will result in sufficient commercial and retail land through the year 2020. Recreation In 2002, Delta Township maintained over 1,000 acres of land as parks or open space for recreation use. Based on guidelines set by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, the Township maintains sufficient parkland to accommodate the present population. However, when comparing the distribution of parkland throughout the Township (Map 1-7) with standards addressing community-wide spatial distribution of parklands, it is apparent there is a lack of parkland in some areas. Future acquisitions of land for parks or open space preservation should occur as key parcels become available in the southwestern quadrant of the Township or those areas with unique natural features. New bike lanes should be placed along County roads and a linear hiking/biking trail could be potentially developed along the Grand River, running the entire east/west length of the Township. Specific goals, objectives and recommendations related to parks, recreation and non-motorized pathways are outlined in the Delta Township Parks, Recreation and Cemeteries Open Space Plan 2000, the 2003 Delta Township Non-Motorized Transportation Plan and the 1986 Delta Township Sidewalk Plan, and 2003 Plan update. While these documents should be referenced when planning for future parks, recreation facilities and non-motorized pathways within the Township, a map illustrating the existing and proposed sidewalks and trails within the Township is located in Appendix C. �- .- ---------------------- Section b ~uture .f.anrlUse Industrial Delta Township has a strong history of well-planned industrial development. Future industrial development should be limited primarily to the industrial tracts located in the southeastern quadrant of the Township generally bounded by 1-496 to the north, 1-96/1-69 to the west and Lansing Road to the east and south. This area, in addition to the GM 425 parcels west of 1-96/1-69, encompasses more than 3,670 acres in sections 24 through 28 and 32 through 35. Future industrial development in this area should include appropriate site planning that regulates building design, setback, landscaping, signage, parking and environmental impacts, preferably in a Planned Business Park Development format. Utilities/Road Improvements When public sanitary sewer or water systems are required for a particular development within the Township, they should be supplied on the basis of "concurrency." Concurrency is an approach that ensures that public facilities and services are provided at the same time that development occurs. These services are planned well in the future within a phased approach and are constructed on a "pay-as-you-go" basis. If public utilities are not scheduled for an area proposed for development, development cannot occur, unless the developer pays for the extension of utilities. This helps to prevent wasteful "leapfrogging" of utilities (when utility lines are placed in rights-of-way adjacent to large undeveloped areas to serve a development further down the road) and promotes orderly, more efficient use of land and resources. It is important to recognize that the extension of utilities (particularly public sanitary sewer and water service) to serve an area can have unintended consequences. If provided within a logical framework of planned, incremental development, public sanitary sewer and water utilities can guide growth to meet the goals and objectives set forth by the Township. The construction of new roads and improvements to existing roads within the Township are identified in the Delta Township Road Improvement Program. This program is reviewed frequently by Township officials and updated as projects are completed and new projects are identified. Information regarding road projects in Delta Township can be obtained by referring to the Road Improvement Program which is available at the Delta Township Planning Department. �- MAP 6-1 Official Future Land Use Delta Tovmship Eaton Count,, Michigan Leqend Single Famiti Residential Multiple Famit; Residential ($ • • ( i '- » ~ ~ ~ 11. 1;; :· C ~ li ~ r· J ';;....r--- L--Yf: a: {_;, n ' :. kr. e-.1'.t. · · -;.-_:t1rm,h',m)' ~ ,I - - l ...........,.. , 1Y11. r,1..•pi: n1~~,; ~-c;::.====;.;::!'.:::.. • • • Cemetery .\gricL1ltural Commercial • • Open Spate/ Prese1ve Corridor Office D v\looclland 0-; erla'y Areas' In stitutio na I C"1 Sanitar, Future ·,.\later and SewerSer-ice Area Industrial ~ Township Boundary Manufactured Heme Park 7 ;; M,;;[t,;i.l..,1-1. 06g,.e.;Ji ,;.; ie?J., h.,·,~.::a;i'~ ~::~l--""'"'J;... .,.;·oe1-==""""i' i ,i,==;=:::::;;===; '~ " T·:..-o Family Re si dential Higlw,a,. ,' Railroa d 111111 Right of ·,play Parks and Re creation Area 1 Lltilit,, " 'fJ(:: ,1nd 0,~11- A"I U d t : ::t tl' btin g C!((:i.) i!t, - :, .-t ~-11! ,1r: :o not COM llu ~ ,1 JPtd llo :i:: , Ing d~ a; or ,1, p l"':. ::... I· !el >t re ouh~: \· SUnd: ·:f J i'- t(: r,. ti-; 1-: c-a-,,is HigiT,'iaL f. " miles ..._..J "'·. • c1 L_ ; ~ X ~::I J ·,J W +E ~ 0 Go-.~;:',;c~~,J~ ~ 1,.-..=r 0 .1 N .UC 0 <1 •i. ' 4't f j,~•~N:'°~ ~: JF :c -tnd lmo·- 1tl • n ,>.::en ;Uf.: : 11~ : n Ct lUT : -.M,lp E �.Ssction 7 9mf}/emenfation INTRODUCTION This section of the Plan presents tools and processes that are currently available to Delta Township to help make this Plan a reality. Also, it contains a schedule that depicts the objectives that should be accomplished along with the recommended parties, general timing, and potential funding sources to achieve the objectives when applicable. The following approaches are viable in terms of being implemented under current state enabling legislation and federal programs. Some approaches will have more important impacts upon the development of the Township than others. Public Investment Strategies represent the most pro-active mechanism to foster development in the Township in accordance with this Plan. Both public and private sector investments in infrastructure are required for new development, particularly in higher density areas and in areas currently not served by public infrastructure such as sanitary sewer and - water. The location and timing of such development is dependent upon the capacity of the Township to pay for the necessary infrastructure and, in the case of private sector (developer) developments, the required approvals from the Township and other public agencies. Location and timing of infrastructure development are integral parts of the Plan's implementation program and the smart growth approach advocated for the Township. It is recommended that Township officials closely follow the recommendations in the Delta Township Sanitary Sewer and Water System Long Range Study from 1998 as a mechanism and guide to infrastructure development. Cooperation between the Township and other public and quasi-public entities is also critical to the success of the Plan. This is in large-part due to the Township's proximity to the City of Lansing and the regional services the residents of Delta Township are provided by agencies such as Capital City Airport, CAT A and EA TRAN, and Grand Ledge and Waverly Public Schools. These entities and many others will play a key role in the use of land within the Township and communication among agencies needs to be facilitated in order to enable the Township (and each entity) to properly plan for the future. In addition, Eaton County government, the County Road and Drain Commissions, the Barry-Eaton District Health Department, the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality and the Michigan �Section 7 9mfJ/emenfation Department of Transportation all have legal authority and responsibilities for programs and projects that occur in, and impact upon, the development of the Township. Coordination between these agencies and the Township is important for planning and programming and as such, needs to be maintained. Finally, the activities occurring within surrounding townships and the City of Lansing, particularly those related to land use planning, zoning, and other development controls, can have a direct impact upon planning within Delta Township, particularly those units of government abutting Delta Township. Coordination and communication should be ongoing among these jurisdictions and plans and programs of these surrounding communities shared. Amendments (P.A. 265 of 2001) to the Municipal Planning Act under which Delta Township operates, require this intergovernmental communication on land use and development issues. Information and Education is fundamental to the implementation of this Plan. Without the concurrence of residents, businesses and developers, the success of this plan will be less successful and more prone to setbacks during the long range planning process. To help garner that concurrence and contribute to the success of the Plan, the Township should disseminate information and, if necessary, host educational programs. The dissemination of information can include sending a small flyer, or tri-fold, that briefly describes the main components of the Plan and possibly include a small copy of the future land use map. This information can also be included on the Township's website, or in the Delta Magazine. In 1997 the Delta Township Board of Trustees adopted the Township's first Strategic Plan. The Strategic Plan contains 10 goals and identifies objectives for achieving each of the goals. Among the goals that are included in the Strategic Plan are the preservation of residential and business districts, the efficient provision of public services, and the expansion of recreation opportunities. The Board reviews the Plan approximately every five years to determine whether the objectives have been accomplished and to identify new goals and objectives. The Strategic Plan was reviewed and updated by the Board in 2003. �Sec6on 7 9mfJ/ementa6on The Township might also consider conducting a community survey every several years which would make known resident's impressions, attitudes, and opinions about specific issues related to current or proposed developments. This will help provide a forum for Township officials to better understand the opinions of residents. Furthermore, the survey information will provide the Township with the necessary information they need when reviewing the Plan every five years as required by P.A. 265 of 2001. The Township's Capital Improvements Program is a vehicle to tie the Plan into the Township's budgeting process. The Township's Capital Improvements Program identifies the capital projects that the Township proposes to undertake within the next six years, and the agency responsible for implementation. The Capital Improvements Program should generally follow the development recommendations of this Plan and phase those improvements accordingly. The Township's one year Capital Improvements Budget is intended to address those projects that comport with the overall CIP. The Tri-County Regional Planning Commission recently completed work on a document entitled "Tri-County Regional Growth: Choices For Our Future". The purpose of the project is to seek citizen input into the implications of regional land use and growth trends and to formulate a shared vision of regional growth. Delta Township officials have served on work committees and attended public hearings and should continue their participation in the future. It is recognized that presently local jurisdictions in the Tri-County Region are making individual land use decisions with little oversight or coordination regarding the collective, long-term regional impacts of these decisions. Representatives of the TriCounty Regional Planning Commission intend to present the findings of the regional growth study to each community in the region over the next several years. Delta officials will consider how best to implement the Plan's recommendations, consistent with the Township's goals and objectives. There are many similarities between the contents of the Delta Township Comprehensive Plan and the findings of the Regional Growth Project. Both documents advocate Smart Growth concepts such as cluster development, the provision of open space, the concurrency of utilities, and non-motorized transportation planning. �Section 7 9mfJ/emenfafion Delta Township has in place methods to control growth and development within the Township which include the following: Zoning Ordinance - the Delta Township Zoning Ordinance is used to regulate the use of land as the primary regulatory tool for shaping local growth and development. The ordinance segregates uses into different zoning districts according to their function. A zoning map illustrates all of the zones (residential, office, commercial, industrial). The zoning ordinance establishes development standards for each district. Land Division and Subdivisions - The Delta Township Land Division Ordinance regulates the division of land outside of subdivisions. Property is typically divided into metes and bounds parcels. Personnel from the Township's Assessing and Planning Departments review each land division application to ensure compliance with state and Township laws. The Delta Township Subdivision regulations guide the division of land into multiple lots and are illustrated on a plat. The regulations ensure that the minimum lot size and width requirements are complied with and that issues relating to access, drainage, and utilities are addressed. The Planning Commission reviews subdivision plats with final authority granted to the Township Board of Trustees. Sign Ordinance - Regulations pertaining to signs are contained in a freestanding ordinance being the Delta Township Sign Ordinance. The ordinance is administered by the Township's Code Enforcement Officer and contains provisions regulating the size, height and location of signs. �Section 7 9mfJlemenfation IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE This Section complements the Plan's Goals and Actions. The Implementation Schedule groups the Actions of each of the Goals with the participants responsible for completing the actions and identifies timing and potential funding sources for each action. The Implementation Schedule quickly identifies time frames and permits comparisons between the many actions identified in the Plan. The Township should regularly review the Schedule to ensure actions are accomplished and goals are met. This list of objectives is not a comprehensive list of all actions needed over the next 20 years, but it is a list of the primary actions needed to accomplish the Plan's general goals. The Implementation Schedule also lists participants that include local and state agencies or groups. Quite often an action has several participants marked due to the team effort required to accomplish many actions. The Schedule identifies primary and secondary participants. The Schedule's timing section identifies actions as short-range/ongoing actions (one to three years), medium-range actions (four to ten years) or long-range actions (more than 10 years). Actions often take a considerable length of time to complete, therefore, two or three time periods may be identified. The funding portion of the Schedule identifies potential sources. Funding sources often change as time passes, as do organizations and priorities. Each of these should be periodically reviewed to ensure they are up to date. The following schedule identifies the Implementation Program established in the Plan. �,) L. ~ Sufion 7 9mp/emenlafion PARTICIPANTS: GOVE ASSOCIATES, INC. -~0 1601 PORTAGE STREET KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN C -~ Architects A Engineers A Planners A Surveyors ·eE C 0 u DELTA CHARTER TOWNSHIP -0 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE 00 i 0 >- preferences to infill sites -Ensure higher and low er density housing is compatibly located to eliminate/ minimize conflicts -Ensure smooth transitions between residential and non-residential uses by open space, buffered thoroughfares, and placement of appropriate zoning districts -Enhance the older residential neighborhoods in the eastern portion of the Townshi p through code enforcement, maintenance of public infrastructure, and implementation of traffic calming techniques -Maintain control over development of ne w single-family homes within agricultural areas 0 E .;; .g 0 0"' a. :E ::: 0 ~ ~ >- >- i0 E i0 eg. 0 z 0 u C ,Q 0 t 0 a. C ,g a. 0a. 0 ~ u .£ C -0 "Ea. -~1;; 0 "ii > " Cl t0 .J) i5 .c 0 ·;;; _g "' Jl u ~ " U0 Cl 5 ·a Ii --... u0 0 0 -~ .x ~~"' 5a 0 C 0 ~ §" 0 > i C, LU Cl >- 0 Cl :::;: 11 0 1;; :::;: --... ~ "' zCl :::;: ~ ·e"" E 0 u " ~ -~" -0 C 0 5 • • • • " "> V, 0 f --... ~ .c 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • FUNDING: TIMING • • • E 0 ~ -0 C ·o 'E~ ~ >- u u .c C C E0 LU :g " C E 0 LU e' t0 V, M ~ .Q ;; C "' ·c 0 "'0 0 e C Q >'E~ 0 SECONDARY "' C 0 u 0 0 0 C ·a0 ·eE m u "'>- PRIMARY "'E ~ 'o :::;: -" 0 ""' C 0 "'&, C ~ + 0 "- ~ ~ C ~ ~ C • • • • • a. V, ..c -~ 0 .;; " u 0 "'" u "' Cl Cl ::ii :::;: >--... "" :::;: z"' Cl 0 :,· C 0 0 V, C "> z<( LU 0 ~ " C, 'UC " "' e"' < 0 ·2 " 0" LU 0 Cl C "E .J) °' :,: >- ~ 'oC 0 ~ -0 ~ -£ t5 ~- 0 C -0 0 0 C u. " <( ~ Cl .c C 0" 0 V, :::;: .E ;f 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Cl :::;: 0 :,: 0 -0 ~ > 0 COMMERCIAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT PROVIDE ADEQUATE COMMERCIAL FACILITIES, APPROPRIATELY LOCATED AND TO SCALE, TO SERVE REGIONAL, COMMUNITY AND NEIGHBORHOOD NEEDS -Encourage infill development or the redevelopment of vacant commercial land and/or buildings along the Sagina w Highway corridor, and other older commercial areas -Limit new development on Saginaw Highway to areas east of Broadbent Rood ~ 0 "" E .Q SECONDARY 0 RESIDENTIAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT FACILITATE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT THAT WILL FULFILL THE NEEDS OF THE VARIOUS POPULATION SEGMENTS IN THE TOWNSHIP WH ILE MAINTAINING A BALANCE BETWEEN THE EXISTING URBAN AND RURAL CHARACTER -Identify areas for future residential development that ore within close proximity to e xisting developed areas and already hove the necessary infrastructure with GOAL ST A TEMENT #2 C ·c"' C "'a. cca. ~ GOAL STATEMENT# 1 • PRIMARY -Design commercial areas so that they ore compatible with adjacent residential land uses relating to such items as lighting, traffic circulation, parking, signoge, landscaping and solid waste disposal -Identify commercial areas exhibiting early signs of blight and create action plans to address the problems -Attempt to contain strip commercial development within the existing boundaries along Saginaw Highway -Conduct on annual meeting with the Delta -Side Business Group and the Planning Commission to obtain input from local businesses • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 0 0 • 0 0 • • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 �, it ' Secfion 7 9mp/emenfafion PARTICIPANTS: GOVE ASSOCIATES, INC. .g -~ 5 E 0 u DELTA CHARTER TOWNSHIP "O 0 0:: ~C ~ 0 >- driveway consolidations GOAL ST A TEMENT #3 FUNDING: TIMING PRIMARY 0 SECONDARY e 0. ~ 0 >- ·c0 E V) 0"' 0. ~ ~ C ~ 0 >- e 0. " .E" :: E 0 u C 0 ~ t: 0 0. C 1c z ,:: 0 0 • • • ~ 0 0. 0 u C 0. ~ -.; 0 .D " 0 "' > 0 u .E 0 C Jl > 0 1;; 0 ,,:: ,½ :g·" c.. 0 'ij ' >- §"5 00 0 " :i;: uo D • D D D E 0 t; 1;; ~ ----::" .E :i;: < u ----°'z "O :i;: 0 G 0 D D D D D C, w 0 L ~ ,.,, -~ ·a.E 0 0 "g 0 ·;;; E 0 " ~ ~ -~ " V) .!' 0 > 'C c.. 0 u 0 -E C 0 0 Q C 0 u ----ti E 0 u ·a "',.,, ,.,, c:, :, "O E 0 w 1c ai C .E :, 0 >"O "0.E 5 c"" 1c v ·c _g 0 ~ :c 0 u C E 0 w "' ~ .D 0" u; 0 u C '·o" ""' ""' "' "' "' 0 C C 0 e' ai >~ ,,:: V) M ..:. ii<' ;g C E :, C 0 'ii &, ~ ~ + 0 " 0 C "- ~ :, C " " > e°' " 0" C • w 1;; :x: 0 0 >- 0 C "E ~ < 0 ·g 0. V) C, w 0 -i'lC 0 "':, " C < < w >- ....:i;: z 0 V) c:o. 0 " u"'0 > "'" ~0 E~ 0 ti "O " "- ti ~- 6 () 0 < 0 C "O 0 C 0" -~ 0 :x: "O V) C :, :i;: "- 0 ~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 :i;: 0 :i;: ai ,,:: 6 • • 0 0 z ] > INDUSTRIAL MAINTAIN AN ATTRACTIVE INDUSTRIAL AREA WHICH PROVIDES A DIVERSIFIED TAX BASE AND EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES -Prevent encroachment of existing and planned industrial areas from incompatible land uses -Ensure that th e Township has an ample supply of property located and appropriately sized industrial sites that ore adequately served by public utilities and transportation systems -Leve rage private investment in the industrial tract with ta x incentives by the Township as aporooriate -Continue the Township's efforts to retain existing industrial firms through marketing efforts -Sup port the improvement of roads in the industrial tract to all-weather status GOAL STATEMENT #4 C 0 :c "'0. 0N .s"' C 0 1c -Continue efforts to improve the aesthetics along Saginaw Highway via signage improvements, overhead power lines pieced underground, service drives ond • C C Architects J.. Engineers J.. Planners J.. Surveyors IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE SECONDARY 0 1601 PORTAGE STREET KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN COMPREHENSIVE PLAN • PRIMARY D • • D • D D • D • • D D D D D D • • D D • • • • • D • D • D • • • • • • • • D D D D D • D • • D D D D D D • D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D OPEN SPACE AND RECREATION PROVIDE ADEQUATE OPEN SPACE AREAS, RECREATIONAL FACILITIES AND PROGRAMS FOR PASSIVE AND ACTIVE USE BY TOWNSHIP RESIDENTS -Support linkages (walkable-pathways, and sidew alks) between residentia l areas and recreational facilities whenever reasonably feasible -Support the development of bicycle/ pedestrian corridors (linear porks) within the Township with linkoaes to pathways in adjacent communities -Promote the recreational facilities offered at th e Township 's porks and other recreational areas such as the Woldumar Nature Center and Audubon properties -Encourage new resid ential developments to provide open space for their residents -Pursue o timely and economic open space acquisition and development program as the Townshio's oooulation increases SUPPORT THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DELTA TOWNSHIP NON-MOTORIZED TRANSPORTATION PLAN -Identify and secure funding sources for non-motorized transportation -Township Boord and Porks Commission continue to develop non-motorize d trails parallel to Carrier Creek D D D D D D D D D D D • D • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 0 0 0 0 • • • • • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ••• 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ �, ~ Section 7 9mf)lemenfafion PARTICIPANTS: GOVE ASSOCIATES, INC. 0. ·eE C 0 0 u DELTA CHARTER TOWNSHIP 00 ~ 0 >- -Pursue a policy of managed growth and explore new and innovative methods of achieving beneficial results -Coordinate the Township's land use planning efforts with adjacent communities and the efforts of the Tri-County Regional Planning Commission -Recognize the needs of the diversifying Township population and identify programs to address specific needs -Identify emerging socio-economic trends, such as on aging population, and respond with appropriate planning and zoning techniques -Encourage public involvement when reviewing land development proposals and strive to improve communication between public officials and Township residents and property owners -Take a proactive role in the redevelopment of Brownfield sites -Encourage new development within the Township to follow Smart Growth Concepts, Smart Growth is not "no-orowth " - it is sustainable growth PRESERVE AND PROTECT OPEN SPACE AND FARMLAND WITH VARIOUS PROGRAMS AND POLICIES ~Consider creation of a Purchase of Development Rights (PDR) program, which could include a millage proposal for financing -Recognize and encourage private efforts to preserve open space in Delta Township PRIMARY 0 FUNDING: TIMING SECONDARY e C 0 ~C ~ 0 >- :::0 ·c0 0) .;; 0 0. :E :c ~ ~ 0 >- e 0. C 0 z • • • • • • "" :: 0 u ·eE "E 0 u C 0 ~ t 0 0. ~ 0 ,= C 0. 0 .; > 0 " v ~ i5 0 _g 'O 0 0 L 0 0 C .§ :ii :, 0.. 80 L ·~ 0) • • ~ -~ ·e'j;'.: ·eE E 0 v "u !="~ !" E V) .0 -~ .x-~ ~?:- .,; :i; ._,__ >- g 0::;0 VO "' z 0 ::; • • • • • • 0 > ._,__ C 0 1' 0 ~ u 'O C " •;;; ;; 0 E 0 " ~ 0 > .:: ._,__ ~ "' 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • C '" C ·o 0) .s 0 "'>- 0>- e' 'O 0 0 C :, 0 u C £0 w 0 C :, 0 u C £ 0 w • • • • • • • 0 u • • • • 0 u ~ .0 0) 0 i 0 >- ~ ~ ~ LAND USE PLANNING ENCOURAGE MANAGED GROWTH AND PROVIDE CONTEMPORARY LAND USE REGULATIONS -Keep development codes up-to-dote in accordance with case low 0 -~ "'0. a:0. ~C GOAL STATEMENT #5 0N 0) 'O t~ 0 ·a Architects A Engineers A Planners A Surveyors -Support the efforts of the Parks Commission to connect Hunter Orchard Park with Delta Mills Park -Develop linear frailway along the Grand River connecting to Lansing, Grand Ledge and Portland Troil IDENTIFY AND ESTABLISH PUBLIC ACCESS POINTS TO WATER RESOURCES -Work with the Eaton County Drain Commissioner regarding possible recreational uses of public storm water detention facilities (Broadbent Road ponds, Nix on/ St. Joe pond, Carrier Creek pond south of 1-496) -Contact DEQ representatives and inquire of the status of the Willow Highway access to the Grand River • C "'e C 0 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE SECONDARY 0 1601 PORTAGE STREET KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN COMPREHENSIVE PLAN • PRIMARY ~ >- " 0) C 0 "'E :, t -'o::;" L V) 0 "' ..:. .,; " 0) C 0 "'g> ~ + 0 - ~ :, C .g «' w ~ >- 0 C 0 "E ~ " ..,~ > " "' 0 I 80 'OC :i; 0 z < < w >- ] "':, V) L 0. V) • • • • ~0 < 0 I V) :i; "'0 'O C :, 0 u.. 'O C 0 0" ·~> 0.. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ -E 0 0 0 • • • • • • • • • • e () ~ C C 0 'E- 'O ._,__ = u.." ~ ·g "> ()"' 0"'z 00>- ~ " 0 () " "'" u :i; ::; 0 0 I u 0" .;; 0 0 • 0 0 • • 0 0 0 0 0 0 �._ ~ ~ Section 7 9m/Jlemenlafion PARTICIPANTS: GOVE ASSOCIATES, INC. ·.=8 1601 PORTAGE STREET KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN -~ 5 0 u DELTA CHARTER TOWNSHIP IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE 0 -~"' a. ;;: a. ~ ., 0 ~ 0N :c' ~ :E 0 0 ea. t ~C a. >- • • • • • • • • • -Research the pros and cons of a possible millage for an open space acquisition program -Conduct legal research a s to the possibility of mandating preservation of a percentage of subdivision sites as open space -Consider mandating that a percentage of office/ commercial sites be preserved as open space "Ea. oi > >- 0 E ,Q >- 0 ~ ,'!. "O u 0 ~ -Meet with the Parks & Recreation Commission to obtain their comments and concerns regarding open space prese rvation/ acquisition 0 0 0"' ::: l,'.' ~ E u 'c' C 0 ""E !: ~ 0 5 z C 0 ~ 0 ,= 0 " -~ 0 C .§ t; 1;; i5 0 .c .Ji 0 0 '- 0 ::, 0.. g .D .c "' 0 'ii ::E z ·" '?5 C. . :,; ~ >- 0 0 0 " uo ::E '0,: z0 ::E • ~ " " ·e= g 0 1;; ~ :g" 5 0 E ~ V) ~ -~ 0 0 u "O 0 ,5 o': C E::, '- u u ~ C C G 6 ::, 0 E 0 w -Investigate the creation of an Urban Service Boundary to encourage development/ redevelopment In the existing developed areas of the Township -Determine if there are barriers to adaptive re -use of existing buildings in Delta Township -Identify vacant non-residential sites and strategies to facilitate their redevelopment -Meet with the Delta Township Economic Development Corporation (EDC) to shore items of a mutual interest regording the redevelopment of retail sites • • • • -Initi ate a review of the Delta Township Strategic Pion by the Planning Commission -Continue promotion of shored recreational programs between Grand Ledge and Waverly Schools and Delta Township -Correlate the Townshi p's Capitol Improvements Program with the goals & objectives in the Comprehensive Pion -Conduct an annual meeting of Delta Township decision-makers with elected officials of adjoining Townships to identify & discuss items of a mutual interest -Recognize the need to approach specific Issues such as transit, airport, solid waste, cultural programs (arts), Potter Pork Zoo on a regional basis • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • '? V) E 0 w • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ""' ~ w 1;; I 5 =g ::, C 0 ::, C 0,: C i5 0 ~ E 0 .;; ~ 0 t 0 0 ~ : ,,;- C C "O ::, C V) • • • • • • • • • • • E u 0 C " :g ~ >- z "E ;, g < 00 > j 0 " "'&, ~ 'o ::E >" " .,0 "-::E J 0 0 " c.., '- g ..E ~ ·g > ., "' 0 z 0 .c~ + 0 - c..," a. "'"" u0 ::E0 ::E0 6 "'E • • • • • FACILITATE SERVICE FUNCTIONS BETWEEN DELTA TOWNSH IP AND OTHER AGENCIES • t: _g 0 ,- • • • • • • -Continue the policy of a Delta Township representative attending meetings of the Eaton County Road Commission and EA TRAN -Review the Strategic Plans for Grand Ledge and Wave rly Schools C • • • ESTABLISH "REDEVELOPMENT" POLICIES THAT ENCOURAGE REDEVELOPMENT AND PRESERVATION OF EXISTING STRUCTURES AND PROPERTIES " 0"' "'0 E' ~ >- ;;;- :g C 0 C -~" '·o" 0 "',_ 0,_ 0 u C 0 u e ,Q C ·e ·eE E SECONDARY "' C -~ -~ " > PRIMARY 0 FUNDING: TIMING E ::, 0 ·.: .c 0 • ~ i a. ·eE SECONDARY a. e0 C Architects A Engineers A Planners A Surveyors COMPREHENSIVE PLAN • PRIMARY < 0 I V) ::E ~ 6 "O 0 C "O 0" ~ C ::, 0 u,_ 0 > ~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 �t ' ~ Secfion 7 9mfJ/emsnfafion PARTICIPANTS: GOVE ASSOCIATES, INC. C 0 ·a C E 0 0 u DELTA CHARTER TOWNSHIP 0N ·c O> 'O 00 ., a. ~ .£ C C 0 0:: a. ~ ~0 ~C 0 u ....0 a. a. .E Architects A. Engineers A. Planners A. Surveyors IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE SECONDARY • ::: 2 V) a. :c 0 O> 0 ,,: eg. i i ~ ....0 ....0 ....0 z0 ~ Cl> Cl> .E = cCl> E 0 u C 0 ~ t: 0 a. ~ E a. 0 -.; > Cl> 0 t; ~ 0 0 0 0 _g 0 .J:l L O> 0 C 0 g _; ::E ~ ----z"' -~ 0 ·.; L J 0.. 0 w Cl> uo ::E 0 ::E Cl> 'O > .; ----Cl> = °E E 0 u C Cl> N ·a0 E E 0 0 u Cl> 'O 0 t; V) Cl> 0 > 0:: .; ----- 8 0 6 0 °' °E u ·oC 0 0 t c>- 0 u J u C 0 0 w C C '·o" 0 J 0 C 0 0 w e ,Q O> C -~0 .E 0 -~ .x-~ r-;:z . :;; §~ 0 0 ....e .§ C i ~ SECONDARY .; r Cl> 'O PRIMARY 0 FUNDING: TIMING 5 1601 PORTAGE STREET KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN COMPREHENSIVE PLAN • PRIMARY O> C e· ~ O> C 0 ~ °'E C J 'o Cl> ::E V) M 0 ..; O> 0 "'&, C J + - 0 ~ ~ Cl> °'0 .; Cl> ~ 0 C ·g (.'.) V) Cl> a. REVIEW THE PREDOMINANCE OF LARGE LOT, LOW DENSITY RESIDENTIAL 0 z<( Cl> :;: u.. 0 0 C E 't) C 0 J C .... ~ Cl> °' 00 ----"' z u ::E (.'.) 0 0 i" 0 0 u.. :g_ u .;; 0 Cl> c0 Cl> 2 0 i'....i'i ::E "' .J:l J w ....I ~ ~ -;. 0 L ~ :g C '5 'oC () ~- .; 'O Cl> .; 0 0 ::E -E 0 0 0 <( 0 I .; 6 'O C 0 0 'O .!! ~ 0 V) C J > ::E u.. 0:: 0 DEVELOPMENT IN DELTA TOWNSHIP AND THE IMPACT, WHICH IT HAS -Review the Township's existing Planned Unit Development regulations and suggest promote its use. Encourage input from the development changes which would community -Consider the possible reduction of minimum lot sizes and widths in each zoning district -Consider reducing the minimum floor area requirements in the residential zoning districts -Identify possible sites for higher density residential development where vacant land exists oublic transit is available, utilities adequate, arterial roads available, etc. MAINTAIN A HIGH QUALITY OF LIFE IN EXISTING RESIDENTIAL AREAS - Promote a "demonstration project" for troffic calming in a neighborhood experiencing speeding or cut-thru traffic -Promote/support the Property Maintenance Code which was adopted in 2002 -Meet with Eaton County Sheriffs Deportment and inquire as to their needs. Discuss speed enforcement, identify traffic conaestion areas, discuss manoower, etc. -Provide input into the Township Hazard M itigation Plan required by November 2004 -Consider establishing a tree nursery on Township land to eventually plant native trees along public streets -Consider hiring the services of a landscape architect to assist staff in site plan reviews, helo the Parks Department, review Township orooerties, etc. -Establish a tool loan program for low and moderate income households -Resist commercial/office develooment intrusions into residential neiahborhoods -Inform/ encourage residents to erect pedestrian scale streetlights in existing residential neighborhoods per the Township's established procedure s -Investigate the possibility of Delta Township assisting the Eaton County Habitat for Humanity in constructing affordable homes in the Township -Address the oroblem of maintainina common areas in residential subdivisions PRESERVE AND PROTECT CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL SITES -Inventory Delta Township's historical sites (Grange Hall, Moon Log Cabin) 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • -- • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 �' ' Secfion 7 9mf)kmenu,fion PARTICIPANTS: GOVE ASSOCIATES, INC. 1601 PORTAGE STREET KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN .Q a -~ ·eE Architects ...l Engineers A Planners A Surveyors "" u a ·eE "E -~ a. -:;; -~ C .Q 0 u O> DELTA CHARTER TOWNSHIP IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ~ 0 0 -~ C 0 O> ., ii: .;; a. ~ a. ~ :c ~ 0 0 a. ~ ~ 3 I- I- I- D D • D 0 0 0 l= 0 u C C 0 .; 0 .Q > 0 0 -~g .; a. at Q" a. C C z .= 0 0 0 .J:: SECONDARY a. ~ 0a. 0 C 0 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN • PRIMARY ~ ~ > -E 0 i5 ..a ..c O> 0 ·.; C, w Q 0 :0 § 0. 0 Q 0 " ,?_ uo ::E ~ -..... i "' z ]" Q ::E I- g ::E .; .t" E E 0 u C ·eE ·eE 0 u " " ·5 t; V) 0 0 a"> "' -Support MOOT in their efforts to reconstruct the 1-96/Soginaw interchange • • D • • • -Continue to support the Eaton County Rood Commission's street resurfacing program for residential streets -Encourage sufficient funding to repair sidewalks, fill in gaps in the sidewalk system, provide sidewalks and/or bike lanes in conjunction with new/ rebuilt roadways and mandate the provision of sidewalks in conjunction with new development -Encourage the provision of public transit service to the Township's residential, commercial and Industrial areas -land uses generating significant amounts of traffic shall be served by thoroughfares D • D D • • • • thot con solely and odequotely handle the traffic PROMOTE THE USE OF PUBLIC TRANSIT SERVICES D D -locate public facilities in close proximity to public transit • • • • D D D D D D D D D D D IMPROVE THE WEST SAGINAW HIGHWAY STREETSCAPE -Support efforts to bury the overhead electrical lines on West Saginaw Highway :, :, u ~ -Create and fund a program for driveway closures on West Saginaw Highway -Continue to support stringent enforcement of the Township's Sign Ordinance GOAL STATEMENT #7 PUBLIC SERVICES AND FACILITIES ENCOURAGE SUFFICIENT AND AVAILABLE PUBLIC SERVICES AND FACILITIES TO MEET THE GROWING NEEDS OF THE TOWNSHIP -Provide law enforcement and fire protection that meet the needs of the Township to ensure the safety and well-being of Delta Town ship residents and property -Mandate residential properties and commercial and industrial businesses connect to public water systems when available -Explore the benefits of privatizing and/or shoring facilities and services with other communities -Develop procedures for greater collaboration and coordination of efforts between school districts and the Township • • • • D • D • D • C D D D D D D D D D D D D • D • • D D D C £ £ w 0 D D D 0 w • D D 0 0 SECONDARY e C 0 O> s :g c0 C C .E "'Iw O> 5 0 '" ·5 0 E. -~ t t ~t 0.. • • • D C -..... u0 -Continue to support the Township's efforts to encourage the establishment of a boulevard on Saginaw Highway west of 1-96 via right-of-way acquisition, the 0 u 0 TRANSPORTATION GOAL STATEMENT #6 SUPPORT EFFORTS TO IMPROVE TRANSPORTATION SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE TOWNSHIP IN ORDER TO FACILITATE SAFE AND EFFICIENT MOTORIZED AND NON-MOTORIZED TRANSPORTATION preparation of a boulevard design, and continued dialogue with MOOT officials 0 ~ " 0 0 0-= N PRIMARY C -~5 -~ 0 -..... 0 0 FUNDING: TIMING ~ §" -0 jj ~ u ~vi 0 t; "g, 0 "'E :, 'o ::E" - 0 ..c V) 0 "' ...'. " " O> C 0 "' ~ ~ + 0 ~ .; :, C I- c "~ "> Sl "'" < 0 0 C, ;, w Q C ::E ~ -..... ~ ·g ">~ 0., "' z " a. 0" "'" u ::E • • • • • • • ••• • • • • < < w 0 z IV) ,::. I- 0 0 Q £" V) 0 Q ::E Q :, IL Q V) C 'o C u i' 0 0 0 ~- ~ "l ~ 6 ~ 6 0 " V) I " ~ 0 > ::E IL < Q ~ C :, 0 C 0 ;E 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 �• ' ~ Su:fion 7 9mp/emmfAfion PARTICIPANTS: GOVE ASSOCIATES, INC. ~ C -~ 0 ·eE Architects J... Engineers J.. Planners J.. Surveyors C .!? 0 u "U 00 "' "~ i0 >- -Id entify valuable historic a ssets within the Township and develop programs and societies to preserve and p romote those a ssets -Develop infrastructure (water, sanitary sewer) in phased expansion, concurrent with new construction -Develop on approach to planning and development that emphasizes coordination and cooperation bet ween Delta Town ship and surrounding communiti es through mutual financing and operation of area-wide and regional facilities PROMOTE THE EXTENSION OF PUBLIC WATER AND SANITARY SEWER SERVICE -Promote the Township Subdivision Ordinance's requirement that mandates public sanitary sewer and water service for new subd ivisions -Support the proposed mandatory water main connection ordinance -Support the utility extensions recommend ed in the Delta Township Sanitary Sewer and Water System Long Range Study, Februory 1998 GOAL STATEMENT #8 • ·c0 -~ O> " ·'"E-' E 0 u C a: .;; 0 .!? "~ "- ·"' 0 t ~ 0 i0 >- 0 i0 >- g0 z 0 0 "C 0 ,= "~ 0 "0 C "E"- -~t; t; 0 .; > 0 " 0 0 0 -~ .x-~ L -E 0 .0 L O> ·;;; z ?.,; >:g ~ g 00 uo ~ Jl 0 C 0.. C -~ ·eE 0 >- > "U 0 0 ~ ----~ -Promote the extension of public water and sanitary sewer services to those areas in th e Township where the public health is threatened by on-site systems -Prese rve prime farmland through zoning regulations and other applicable methods PROTECT AND ENHANCE GROUNDWATER AQUIFERS, NATURAL RECHARGE AREAS, AND SURFACE WATER RESOURCES FROM CONTAMINATION -Inventory Delta Township 's water resources including wetlands, streams, ponds, etc. via the GIS System -Adopt the TCRPC Well Head Management Pion and Ordinance Amendments -Consider adoption of zoning ordinance amendments that would limit the amount of impervious surfaces in commercial developments. Consider a limit on the maximum number of parking spaces above the minimum that can be provided on a site • 0 t; " "'" 2 ·e 0 u "U 0 :i E 0 u 0 t; V, ~ .s 0 0 0 0.. J J C C 0 0 C • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • -~t; ci C ·oO> " C I ~ O> 0 0 !' "'E 1B" "g> ~ 0 c 0 ~J .0 u.. -c~ 2 u 0 J C • • ~0 C V, V, • • • "U "U J C " ~- 6 () <( L V, " 0 2 V, <( 0 I V, ~ C 0 0 "U 2 0 ;f :g C J u.. 0 > 0 0 0 0 0 • • • • • • • • • • 0 C C • e ·s O> J • • • • • • • SECONDARY C C 0 • • • • • • • • • • • 0 z 0 "E 0 w 0 "O >>- >> 0 " 0 iti .; E "' >~ ~ ~ u0 -~ c0 c0 t" 'o g> "'" ~" "'0 =J' " ~ u u e 0 " >J " ---.; "' - -0 0+ " -~ "> ()"'0 ----z"'0 00 1 z :g -"~ ---E E M 0 '5 ~ 0 G 6 w w ..:. - ()" "- "'" u ~ ~ 6 ~ • • • • • • • • • PRIMARY .; .; ~J i0 u FUNDING: TIMING ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECT THE QUALITY OF THE TOWNSHIP'S NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS -Assist the Eaton County Drain Commissioner in efforts to promote storm water management practices -Identify soils highly conducive to agricultural production, such as those found in southwestern Delta Township, and attempt to preserve forming activities in such areas -Support the Township's Flood Plain Management efforts -Promote the use of the Grand River for recreation and build upon this valuable asset 0 0N O> DELTA CHARTER TOWNSHIP IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE SECONDARY a 1601 PORTAGE STREET KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN COMPREHENSIVE PLAN • PRIMARY • • • •• • • • • • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 �._ t ' .Secfion 7 9mp/emenfllfion PARTICIPANTS: GOVE ASSOCIATES, INC. .2 1601 PORTAGE STREET KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN C ·a·e Architects J.. Engineers J.. Planners J.. Surveyors DELTA CHARTER TOWNSHIP "CJ IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE 00 "'a. -Consider a stream buffer ordinance to reduce pollution from run-off and erosion -Consider the adoption of a Township Wetlands Protection Ordinance -Recommend Tow nship financing of a w ell capping program for abandoned private wells -Participate in phase II of the Federal Storm w ater Management Program in an effort to improve the quality of storm water runoff -Support the Eaton County Drain Commissioner in the enforcement of Compiled Rules CREATE PROGRAMS PERTAINING TO TREE PRESERVATION -Analyze the pros and cons of a Delta Township tree preservation ordinance -Consider inse rting incentives in the Zoning Ordinance which would grant a "bonus" for oreservation of mature trees -Consi der mandating the installation of one street tree per subdivision lot at time of house construction 0 0:: ~ a. ~ .....0 .....0 ~ C 0 ~ ::: 0 u .; -~ e" 0 C 0 ~ 0 ~ ~a. t: 0 a. .....0 z 0 ,= a. ~ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • C 0 C 0 0 0 "Ea. :gt; -E 0 .0 0 > 0 0 C, JC -~"' -~ ;xu l " 0 :, w 0 0 ~.,; 0 C Jl ~ ..... § C. 0 0 0 " uo =1' • ~ 0 t; -~ =1' < ----z"' "CJ =1' 0 0 " ~ ----- "" ·e= E 0 u C -~" G ~ Vl 2 ·a ·a ·eE ·eE m ·o ~ 0 0 u u "' "' () ·o 0 > f ----~ -E 0 "CJ 0 C 0 E 0 w • • 0 u 0 ,..'. 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 w C • • C 0 0 "',.._ 0,.._ ,!e' "':,E c:, c:, t: 'o u e JC Vl M -" =1' 0 0 "' C 0 5 C C 0 SECONDARY ~ ~ 5 0 > PRIMARY 0 FUNDING: TIMING c"" ~ "CJ • ~ ~ .....0 0 C a. 0 0 a. 0 u u -~"' SECONDARY ""e ·= E C E 0 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN • PRIMARY ~ o2' w ~t; :r: 0 0 ..... 0 C "' ~ "E "'&, "> ~ C 0 C ~ + 0 "'0" ~ C " - •" • (.'.) • • • • • • < 0 -Ci 0 C (.'.) "a. ""> "'u0 "' Vl 0 z<( =1' ~ ..... w 0 -g "'~ C, ~ 'o C 0 f0 "CJ " ----"' z =1' 0 =1' 6 JC <( 0 0 Vl :r: "CJ C :, =1' u.. 0 l! 6 "CJ C 0 0" > ~ 0 0 0 • 0 ~-- () ~ u.. ~ 0 c0 u 20 .;, 0 0 ..... 0 :g :, u.. 0 0 0 ��- • National Functional Classification "" Delta River National Functional Classification -NFC Updated FAUB c:J Previous FAUB n ~ z x· g !l!. "'a. Central Cir Sloan Hwy "'a. Miles Mi ll ett Hwy ..., - - NFC Local Roads NFC • Federal Aid Eligible Rural/Urban Interstate Rural/Urban Other Principal Arterial Rural/Urban Other Freeway Rural/Urban Minor Arterial Rural Major/Urban Collector Rural Minor Collector 0 .9 1.8 2 .7 Urban NFCs are within federal aid urban boundaries. ��DELTA TOWNSHIP OPINION SURVEY ~ Dear Delta Township Resident The Township is developing a Master Plan to guide community development over the next 20 years Whtie change 1s inevitable, how that change occurs is up to the residents of the Township. What follows is a community questionnaire that asks demographic, economic. social and environmental questions to help determine both present community concerns and future community needs. LET US KNOW YOUR OPINIONS BY ANSWERING THIS IMPORT ANT SURVEY There are no wrong answers or opinions. All responses will be tabulated anonymously by an independent consulting firm to get a comprehensive overview of how residents feel about these issues When mailing, please tri-fold and staple or tape the survey and send it with the attached address visible. If you wish to avoid the cost of mailing the survey you can drop it off at the Township's drop box on the north side of the Township Hall. We will make the results known as soon as possible. Thank you for participating in this important effort. Joseph Drolett, Delta Township Supervisor Please indicate how ou feel about each of the followin Current Issues/Conditions in the Townshi 1 ISSUES Not a Problem Possible Problem Slight Problem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Protection of groundwater D1v1s1on of farmland for residential development In the Township Amount of open space 1n the Township Amount of wetlands In the Township Soil protection meRsures 1n the Township Tratt,c volume on W . Saginaw Trnff1c speeds on Township roads 0 Ava1tab1loty of sidewalks • Appearance of West Saginaw corridor Traffic volumes in residential areas 0 0 oderate Problem Serious Problem 0 No nlon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CONDITIONS 2 Excellent Quality of dnnking water (pnvate well) Quality of onnk1ng water (public water service) Storm Drainage Police protection Fire protecloon Zoning code enforcement Building code enforcement Recycling services Road maintenance C!lblevis1on Service Public bus service (CATA & EATRAN) Blight/Junk Enforcement Gener.:1I Quality of life 1n the Township Park f;ic1lilies and programs District librflry facilt1y and services Ambulance/EMT Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Good Fair 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Poor 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ve 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 oor No Qnion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a �• Please indicate how ou feel about each of the followin 113 Future Issues and Concerns Strongly Single family housing should be encouraged in the Township . Tax abatements should be granted to attract industrial development into the Township . Development of more parks ,md recreation facil1t1es should be encouraged in the Township . Farmland in the Township should be preserved. Open space In the Township should be preserved. Signs m the Township nre being adequatelyregulated Township roilds are generaily ln gOOd cond111on . Police protection in the Township Is snt1slactory Fire protection ,n the Township 1s adequate Ambulance service in the Township is acceptable. The Township should provide yard waste pickup Recycling services offered by the Township are reasonable . The Townst11p should promote expansion of water mains ;:ind sanitary sewers to unserved areas. Property taxes rn the Township are reasonable The Township should assist 111 organizing neighborhoods so residents can better represent themselves . The Township needs to encourage MOOT to create a boulevard on West Saginaw H1ghw,iy. The Township needs to take steps to create a recognizable 1dent1ty. Side valks should be mandated ,n all new developments . The Township should finance the installation of side valks where they're presently non-eX1stent . The Township should adopt a Housing Code to encourage property maintenimce. The Township should stringently regulate the install<1tion of communication towers Township officials are doing a satisfactory job communicating with residents. The Township needs to finance the paving of gravel roads Power lines along West Saginaw Highway should be buned . Infill commercial development should be encouraged rather thlln the conversion of open space Tl'le Twp. needs to support items of regional interest such as solid waste, CATA, tho Zoo and Airport. 4a The Township should encourage tho construction ot more east-west roads . Library fac1hlies in the Township are lldequate. 4 Act Acr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 u 0 0 B B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Neutral 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 •• • 80 80 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 •0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 Which of the following issues 1n the Township do you feel are the MOST important and should be addressed? Please mark only five. 1 being most important, 5 being least important of the five Police Protection TraHic Congestion Road maintenance Public Acquisition of Open Space Fire Protection Sidewalk Construction Library Facilities - Future Issues/Concerns CommunIc<1tIon with Residents Parks/Recreation Fac,liltes § I I �5 Would you be willing to pay add1t1onal taxes to address one or all of those five issues? Yes ............... .....Q '116 No •. . . . . • . • . If not all , list ones for which you stated "Yes" . 7 Are there conditions at a particular location in the Township you feel should be improved? If so, what and where? 8 Additional comments on these and or other Delta Township issues. The following section asks general household information. All information provided will be kept confidential and surve s will be tabulated anon mousl . 9 On which street in the Township do you live? 10 Where do you work? Della Township •...... .. Eaton County other than Delta Township .. .. .. City of Lansing .. . • Q Q Q City of E11st Lansing .. . ... Ingham County other than the City of Lansing & East Lansing ................ ..... Q 0 Clinton County ......... , .Q At Home .............. ........... Q Reh red or not employed .....Q • All flround Michigan or the U.S ......... . .............. Elsewhere (not identified above) ................... .. 0 11 Please name the community 1f you selected "elsewhere" 12 Please indicate your age category 25 or younger ........ .. .. .. ..Q 26-44 ............. . 45-64 ....................... -0 o 65+ . . . . . . · · • .•.. . 7 ........ .. 8 or more. 8 8 14 How many persons in your household are currently employed Full Time? 1 • • • . . .. .. . .. .... 2.... ........ ..... ... .. ... ....... ·B 3 ......................... .............. None ....................... ..Q 4 or more ....................... .. 8 15 How many persons in your household are currently employed Part Time? t .. . .. ... ... . . ...... 3 ........................... None ........................... O 2. ... .. .. .. . ... ..... ... .. .. 4 or more ................ .. 16 Do you have any children under 18 livmg at home? Q Yes ...................... ... No • . .. 17 Is anyone m your household over 65? Yes....... .. . ... . .. . .... Q . ....... .•. No .......... ... . :·:·:::::.. :.. :::::.::8 �• 18 In which type of dwelling do you live? Q S1ng1e.Fam1ly Home . Ap;irtment . O Duplex ......... . . . . . . . Mobile Home . .. .. ..... ....... Rent .. 3 to 5 years . .. O -0 Condom,nium .... ...... .. ...... Q More than 20 years ........ 0 ........ .o 20 How long have you owned.'rented proporty in Della Township? Less than 3 years .. .. .. .. Q Q 6 to 9 years .. .. .. ... . 0 o 10 to 20 years ......... ........ 21 Annual Household Income (Please check the applicable range). NOTE: THIS INFORMATION IS FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES ONLY. REMEMBER, YOUR RESPONSE IS ANONYMOUS Less than $24,999 . .. S50,000•$74,999 .. , .. .Q $25,000 •S49,999 . .. . .. Q S75,000·$99.999 .. ... ... . Q S100.000·S124.999 ...... ..Q S125,000 or more.. •• • .Q 22 Please indicate the type of school your child/children attend? - ,f any? preschool ....... ......... public . ... ..... . ...... . .. .. pnvate1pr1roch1al . • • Q Q -0 23 What school district are you in? Waverly .................... -0 charter ........ .............. ·--0 home school , ... .. .... ... no children In school .. ... ... o Q Grand Ledge .. ... .. ..... ....Q Davenport University/Lansing Community College .. . .. .. . Michigan State University ... Q 0 Lansing . ... .. . .. •. , .. , .Q Holt ............... .......... .......Q •• __ ••• __ ....• - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - fold here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - • - - - - - - - ~ Delta Township . . . , 7710 W Sag,naw H1911way Lans,ng, M1ch1g.in 48917-9712 Delta Township 7710 W Saginaw Highway Lansing, Michigan 48917-9712 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - fold here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - �• �• U:..:: L C ~- -It ~I-- (l - u ' --_,-=-•..~l' ·---{ T N 5 00.. -7 ~I (/l "' !i t;" r: .i ~ ~ 'J: 0 !- Q. U! :_. :: i !i~ z;t'j \J ·.~~ I I V, ij ;: ~ 0 < Z{: _ I II I I ). -~JJ z z J ' I 0 Ct: I ----- z LLJ 0 , a i ~ t 7 t n r; ij l 0 - . --- ( ..... ~ ' 1 ~) 'l j ~ ! • t r f' ~ 'l ·1 II . ...... � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Delta-Twp_Comprehensive-Plan_2004 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gove Associates, Inc. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2004-06 Title A name given to the resource Delta Township Comprehensive Plan Description An account of the resource The Delta Township Comprehensive Plan was prepared by Gove Associates, Inc. in June 2004. Subject The topic of the resource Comprehensive Plan publications Delta Township (Mich.) Eaton County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b0b9ee12ff387cde2d31c329c4d0ee69.pdf 982efd6a57d5401194a22b17957831d6 PDF Text Text l I_ CITY OF EATON RAPIDS, MICHIGAN I l COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN 1990 - 2010 : : \ ~--=1-..,,.,-c.o ~ 8~1~residern01 c~~~pids �COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN CITY OF EATON RAPIDS, MICHIGAN ADOPTED BY EATON RAPIDS PLANNING COMMISSION DECEMBER 4, 1989 GOVE ASSOCIATES INC. 1601 Portage Street Kalamazoo, Michigan 49001 �EATON RAPIDS PLANNING PARTICIPANTS Planning Commission Gary Wichman, Chairman John Schultz, Vice-Chairman Pat Hastay Valorie Kunkel Clifford Dye John Dzwiatowski Wayne Miller Gerald Kopack William Vette Alys Hoover, Secretary City Council Larry Holley, Mayor Jo Hoffman Bruce U'ren Jean Kline Claudia Brown City Administration Marietta White Neal Hart Howard Hillard Michael Seeley Richard Freer June James Robert Zona David Boes Richard Monroe Clerk/Treasurer Building Inspector/Assessor Public Works Superintendent Police Chief Fire Chief Librarian Ass't. Public Works Superintendent Wastewater Plant Superintendent Development Director �TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I EXISTII-li DEVELOPMENT SECTION I - INTRODUCTION------------------------------ 1 SECTION II - DESCRIPTION OF PLANNI~ AREA I • Location------------------------------------------ 3 SECTION III - POPULATION Introduction-------------------------------------Age/Sex Characteristics--------------------------Household/Family Composition---------------------Education/Occupation -----------------------------Population Projections---------------------------Synopsis ------------------------------------------ 5 7 11 14 16 19 SECTION IV - HOUSING Housing Characteristics--------------------------Synopsis------------------------------------------ 20 28 SECTION V - ECONOMY Introduction-------------------------------------Regional Economy---------------------------------Local Economy------------------------------------State Equalized Valuation------------------------Synopsis------------------------------------------ 30 30 37 49 53 SECTION VI - EXISTI~ LAND USE AND NATURAL RESOURCES Introduction-------------------------------------Natural Resources--------------------------------Land use Classifications-------------------------Analysis of Land Use Patterns--------------------Residential--------------------------------------Commercial---------------------------------------Synopsis------------------------------------------ 54 54 60 62 65 67 71 �SECTION VII - STREETS AND ROADS ANALYSIS Existing Conditions------------------------------Road Classifications-----------------------------Daily Traffic Volumes----------------------------Sidewalks, Curb and Gutter-----------------------Alternative Transportation Methods---------------Problem Areas------------------------------------Synopsis------------------------------------------ 73 73 75 75 78 78 81 SECTION VIII - COMMUNITY FACILITIES/SERVICES Municipal Administration-------------------------Public Safety------------------------------------Parks and Recreation Areas-----------------------Schools ------------------------------------------Library------------------------------------------Social Services----------------------------------Medical Services---------------------------------Solid Waste Disposal-----------------------------Cemetery -----------------------------------------Sewer/Water/Storm Sewer and Public Utilities-----Energy Conservation------------------------------Synopsis ------------------------------------------ 85 85 87 88 90 90 90 91 91 91 92 92 '/ �TABLE OF CONTENTS PART II FUTURE DEVELOPMENT PLAN I • SECTION I - INTRODUCTION------------------------------ 94 SECTION II - OVERALL LAND USE------------------------- 95 Incremental Development Patterns------------------ 98 SECTION III - RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT Goal---------------------------------------------Land Use-----------------------------------------Qualitative Description--------------------------Implementation-----------------------------------Financing Program for Residential Development----- 106 106 108 109 111 SECTION IV - COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT Goal---------------------------------------------Land Use-----------------------------------------Qualitative Description--------------------------Implementation-----------------------------------Financing Program for Commerical Development-----SECTION V - 113 113 114 115 119 INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT Goal---------------------------------------------Land Use-----------------------------------------Qualitative Description--------------------------Implementation-----------------------------------Financing Program for Industrial Development------ 122 122 123 123 125 SECTION VI - SENSE OF COMMUNITY Goal---------------------------------------------Land Use-----------------------------------------Qualitative Description--------------------------Implementation-----------------------------------Financing Program for Sense of Community---------- 126 127 127 128 129 �SECTION VII - PARKS AND RECREATION Goal---------------------------------------------Land Use-----------------------------------------Qualitative Description--------------------------Implementation-----------------------------------Financing Program for Parks and Recreation-------- 130 131 131 132 133 SECTION VIII - TRANSPORTATION Goal---------------------------------------------Land Use-----------------------------------------Qualitative Description--------------------------Implementation-----------------------------------Financing Program for Transportation-------------- 134 135 138 139 140 SECTION IX - PUBLIC FACILITIES, SCHOOLS AND SERVICES Goal---------------------------------------------Land Use-----------------------------------------Qualitative Description--------------------------Implementation-----------------------------------Financing Program for Public Facilities, Schools and Services--------------------------------- 141 142 145 146 147 SECTION X - COMMUNITY HEALTH AND SAFETY Goal---------------------------------------------Land Use-----------------------------------------Qualitative Description--------------------------Implementation-----------------------------------Financing Program for Community Health and Safety - 149 150 150 151 153 SECTION XI - NATURAL RESOURCES, ENERGY CONSERVATION Goal---------------------------------------------Land Use-----------------------------------------Qualitative Description--------------------------Implementation-----------------------------------Financing Program for Natural Resources, Energy Conservation--------------------------------- 155 157 157 157 158 IMPLEMENTATION Development Priorities---------------------------Implementation Schedule--------------------------- 159 162 CONCLUSION-------------------------------------------- 165 �LIST OF TABLES PART I TABLE 1 2 3 4 5 6 i - 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 EATON RAPIDS AGE/SEX CHARACTERISTICS----------EATON RAPIDS AND HAMLIN TOWNSHIPS AGE/SEX COMPOSITION-----------------------------------CITY OF EATON RAPIDS, EATON RAPIDS AND HAMLIN TOWNSHIPS AGE/SEX COMPOSITION-----------------YEARS OF SCHOOL COMPLETED 18 YEARS OLD AND OVER - 1980 -----------------------------------EMPLOYMENT BY OCCUPATION - 1980 - PERSONS 16 YEARS AND OLDER-------------------------------POPULATION PROJECTIONS------------------------PLANNING AREA HOUSING UNITS-------------------HOUSING BUILT PRIOR TO 1940 (1987) ------------MEDIAN OWNER-OCCUPIED HOUSING VALUE-----------MEDIAN CONTRACT RENTS-------------------------UNITS LACKING SOME OR ALL PLUMBING: 1970, 1980 EATON RAPIDS HOUSING QUALITY------------------EMPLOYMENT PROFILE BY INDUSTRY - TRI-COUNTY REGION----------------------------------------PER CAPITA AND HOUSEHOLD INCOME - TRI-COUNTY REGION----------------------------------------VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURING------------------CAPITAL EXPENDITURES IN MANUFACTURING FOR LANSING MSA AND EATON COUNTY------------------RETAIL SALES----------------------------------PERSONAL INCOME - 1979-1984 -------------------EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY - 1980 -----------------TRI-COUNTY PROJECTED POPULATION, INCOME AND EMPLOYMENT------------------------------------MEDIAN FAMILY INCOMES - 1970-1980 -------------MEDIAN FAMILY INCOMES - COMPARABLE CITIES-----RETAIL ESTABLISHMENTS AND SALES - CITY OF EATON RAPIDS - 1963 - 1982 --------------------VOLUME OF SALES - STATEWIDE RANKING FOR PLACES OF 2,500 OR MORE------------------------------EATON RAPIDS REAL PROPERTY - STATE EQUALIZED VALUES----------------------------------------TAX LEVY - CITIES OF COMPARABLE SIZE 1978/1987 CITY TAX LEVIES - 1978/1987--------------------SOILS IN EATON RAPIDS AND THEIR LIMITATIONS---EXISTING LAND USE 1967, 1987 ------------------VEHICULAR TRAFFIC ON MAJOR STREETS------------PARK AND RECREATION AREAS---------------------EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES------------------------- 8 10 12 14 15 19 22 24 25 25 26 28 32 33 34 35 35 36 39 40 41 42 47 48 50 52 51 55 63 77 87 88 PART II 33 34 35 FUTURE LAND USE ALLOCATIONS-------------------SCHEDULED PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT---------------IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE------------------------ 97 160 163 �LIST OF MAPS PART I MAP LOCATION, CITY OF EATON RAPIDS------------------STRUCTURAL QUALITY SURVEY - 1967 ----------------STRUCTURAL QUALITY SURVEY - 1987 ----------------RETAIL MARKET AREA - EATON RAPIDS---------------EATON RAPIDS POSTAL ZIP CODE AREA---------------100 YEAR FLOOD AREA, CITY OF EATON RAPIDS-------EXISTING LAND USE-------------------------------RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOODS - CITY OF EATON RAPIDS STREET CLASSIFICATIONS--------------------------TRAFFIC COUNTS (YEAR) ---------------------------EXISTING CURB AND GUTTER------------------------EXISTING SIDEWALKS------------------------------DOWNTOWN PUBLIC PARKING LOTS--------------------IMPROVEMENTS NEEDED - LOCAL/MAJOR STREETS-------COMMUNITY FACILITIES----------------------------EATON RAPIDS PUBLIC SCHOOL DISTRICT-------------- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 4 23 29 44 45 57 64 66 74 76 79 80 82 83 86 89 PART I I MAP 17 FUTURE LAND USE PLAN - CITY OF EATON RAPIDS 20-YEAR INCREMENT-------------------------------- 105 17a 17b 17c 5-YEAR INCREMENT-------------------------------10-YEAR INCREMENT-------------------------------15-YEAR INCREMENT-------------------------------- 102 103 104 18 19 FUTURE STREET PLAN------------------------------DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES--------------------------- 137 161 LIST OF FIGURES PART I FIGURE 1 2 POPULATION GROWTH, EATON RAPIDS AND VICINITY---POPULATION PROPORTIONS OF PARENT AREAS EATON RAPIDS AND VICINITY----------------------- 6 7 �APPENDICES ' . l APPENDIX A - Procedure for Land Use Survey-------- 166 APPENDIX B - Community Opinion Survey City of Eaton Rapids----------------Eaton Rapids Township---------------Hamlin Township---------------------- 168 176 184 APPENDIX C - Survey Results----------------------- 192 �.-....:.; \ : :I . ',_. PART I EXISTING DEVELOPMENT · 1 \ ' -- i I . �' .• J I • i i1 •' i i ..... SECTION I INTRODUCTION �INTRODUCTION i • 1 : ,,,.--...... :~ I • 1 ·: This Comprehensive Development Plan for the City of Eaton Rapids, Michigan, is an update of the City's original plan which was adopted in 1969. While many of the City's physical characteristics remain much the same today as they did in 1969, and the number of people living in Eaton Rapids has not increased to any noticeable extent, change has nonetheless occurred, and will continue to occur. Much of that change is manifested in ways of doing business, new technologies and changing social values. New retail marketing techniques that focus on specialty items, increased reliance on telecommunications technology, home videos, increased popularity of jogging and walking and increased use of the automobile are examples of the changes that have occurred since 1969 that impact upon the needs and character is tics of the City. To effectively keep pace with, and accommodate, these changes, the City needs to consistently review and change, as necessary, its physical, social and economic structure. At the same time, it is important to recognize the cultural and architectural heritage of the City and retain that heritage in future development. This will ensure a community that is both vibrant and culturally attractive. Hence, the reason for updating the original plan. To continue to meet the needs of its residents and to remain competitive as an attractive and accommodating place to live and to conduct business, Eaton Rapids must consistently be looking to, and preparing for, the future while at the same time retaining those elements of the community that make it unique and distinctive. This Plan is the primary means of facilitating these responsibilities. The following describes the that this text addresses: elements of community planning What is Community Planning? i . Community planning is planning by municipal government. It is concerned with the solving of existing physical, social and economic problems in the community. It also guides future community growth and development. Community planning operates under the general objectives established by State legislation. It is also controlled by the voters of the community through their elected officials. In putting into effect the recommendations of the Planning Commission, the governing body has the final authority. The Planning Commission only recommends, but does so on the basis of facts and their analyses. The governing body has the authority to act on land acquisition, bond issues, and the effectuation of the public works program recommended by the Planning Commission. It also has final authority on zoning and other legislation to regulate land uses and population densities. This is the legal and administrative framework of community planning. -1- �I l I I What Can Community Planning Accomplish? The most important function of community planning is to coordinate the various physical elements that make up the community. Its aim is to achieve optimum compatibility and efficiency between these elements. Community planning can prevent duplication of effort among the various departments of government and avoid competition for land and funds. Even more importantly, community planning can influence the stabilization, conservation and improvement of private property and natural resources. In general, it aids in furthering the welfare of the people. What is the Comprehensive Development Plan? The Comprehensive Development Plan is a product of the planning process. Through text, maps and other graphic aids, it explains the philosophy and desires of a community towards the future. Each community must be viewed as a unique area because of the variety of factors that influence its growth. The Comprehensive Development Plan seeks to express an ideal, yet achieveable community in terms of existing conditions, growth potential and accepted planning concepts and standards. At the same time, the Plan is flexible enough so that changing future conditions in such areas as technology and demands for services can be met by the community. To be most effective, the Comprehensive Development Plan must obtain the joint participation of citizens and public officials in the orderly development of the community. This Plan differs from the City's original comprehensive plan in two major areas. It includes a community attitude survey that identifies residents' concerns and ideas regarding physical, economic and administrative elements associated with Eaton Rapids. It also incorporates data and analysis of the two surrounding townships - Eaton Rapids and Hamlin - in the realization that the activities and programs that occur in Eaton Rapids impact the surrounding areas and vice-versa. In essence, this Plan is of areawide scope and is designed to address future development on an areawide basis. -2- i ; �- i ,r· l I ' • . SECTION II DESCRIPTION OF PLANNING AREA �DESCRIPTION OF PLANNING AREA Location The City of Eaton Rapids is located geographically within the townships of Hamlin and Eaton Rapids in Eaton County, Michigan. Eaton County is part of the Lansing Metropolitan Statistical Area as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau, along with Ionia County, Clinton County and Ingham County. It is a rural county which has historically been primarily agricultural in nature. Located approximately 70 miles from the Ohio border, 65 miles from the Detroit Metropolitan Area, 30 miles from Jackson and 40 miles from Battle Creek, the City is within a two hour drive of the majority of the state I s population. Map 1 depicts the general location of the City within the Lansing Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the Great Lakes region . . I. -3- �• ,-· \ } i I \ '\ \ I '\ ' EATON RAPIDS COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN 'MAP 1 TRI-COUNTY REGION CITY OF EATON RAPIDS Gove Associates Inc • . -4- I �·•· I• ' ' ; ) ' 'A 1: '.. • .. ' I ' r· I I '. ) ' SECTION Ill POPULATION �POPULATION Introduction People are a community's most valuable asset. They are the factor which allows the community to function as a complete unit. All other aspects of the community (i.e., government, structures and thoroughfares) would cease to exist without that one important element - people. Characteristics of the City's population determine the quality of life available within the City. Local residents through individual and collective efforts form the 'built' environment (as distinguished from the natural environment). This environment, consisting of industry, commerce, housing, public places, streets and highways, is in turn intended to serve those who live in and visit the City. The built environment and the local economy are dependent upon the attitudes and backgrounds of local residents. Such factors as age, sex, education, income, life experiences and, most importantly, attitude determine the type and quality of lifestyle prevalent within the City. These factors are consequently reviewed in detail below. Most of the data listed and analyzed in this Plan is from the 1980 Census of Population and Housing and, where possible, is updated to current conditions using 1987 information. It is assumed througout the Plan that conditions have not dramatically changed since the 1980 Census enough to substantially alter any interpretation of that census data. In those instances where past trends allow for a calculated update of information, estimated figures will be used to arrive at an analysis of current conditions. The population growth trends for the 1950-1980 period for Michigan, the Lansing Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (Eaton, Clinton, Ingham and Ionia counties), Eaton County, Charlotte, and Eaton Rapids are presented in Figure 1. The Lansing SMSA is located within the lower quarter of the State of Michigan. It is centrally located in the midst of the area bounded by Bay City-Saginaw, Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo, Battle Creek and Detroit. In 1980, it had a total population of 471,565 inhabitants representing an 11.1 percent increase over 1970. The Lansing SMSA is a relatively homogeneous unit. Population growth within the entire Lansing SMSA has occurred at a faster rate than within the City of Eaton Rapids, as noted on Figure 2. From the Figure, it can be seen that the City of Eaton Rapids has maintained relatively the same share of the total Lansing SMSA population since 1950. The percentage has fallen only slightly during the period studied, from 1.2 percent in 1950 to 1.0 percent in 1980. While Eaton Rapid's population increased 28.5 percent -5- �•• between 1950 and 1980, the City declined as a proportion of Eaton County's total population, falling from 8.8 percent to 5 .1 percent because of population growth in the county's townships. The City contained 3,509 inhabitants in 1950 and grew to 4,510 persons in 1980. The Community's population growth rate closely parallels that of Charlotte, the Lansing SMSA and the State (see Figure 1). FIGURE 1 POPULATION GROWTH EATON RAPIDS AND VICINITY - 1950-1980 Thousands 10,000 ~- Michigan 5,000 p 1,000 0 p 500 Lansing SMSA u L 100 A ------ T 50 Eaton County I 0 ------ - ~ 10 N ~ Charlotte 5 ~ - EATON RAPIDS 0 1950 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census -6- 1960 1970 1980 �FIGURE 2 POPULATION PROPORTIONS OF PARENT AREAS EATON RAPIDS AND VICINITY - 1950-1980 25 Michigan as% of the East North Central Region 20 Eaton County as a % of Lansing SMSA 15 :_ , / ---- 10 (" Eaton Rapids as a % of Eaton County - r---_ 5 :~ Lansing SMSA as % of Michigan Eaton Rapids as a % of Lansing SMSA 0 1950 SOURCE: -- 1960 1970 1980 U.S. Bureau of Census Age/Sex Composition Age and sex composition of the City's population is an important factor to consider in establishing the policies and programs that will best serve local residents. Needs and lifestyles differ among various age groups. Certain economic factors, i.e. types of retail goods stocked and sold, are dependent upon the proportion of men and women living in the area. There are several identifiable stages or cycles that individuals go through during the span of a lifetime. These stages each bring different predominant needs which in turn affect other elements of life in the City, especially retail trade and public services. The table on the following page depicts the 1970 and 1980 age and sex composition of the City's population. -7- �TABLE 1 E1\TON RAPIDS AGE/SEX CCMPOOITIOO e I f Total (%) 1970* FanaleC%) Male (%) Total (%) 1980** Fanale (%) Change in Total Age Group 1970-80 ( %} Number (%) Male Pre-School I 5 and Under 593 (11.9) 276 (10.7) 317 (13.3) 413 (9.2) 207 (8.8) 206 (9.6 (-30.3) -180 Elarentary 6-13 904 (18.2) 476 (18.4) 428 (18.0~ 678 (15.0) 315 (13. 4) 363 c16 • 9 >I <-25 • o > -226 Secondary 14-18 489 (9.9) 259 (10.0) 230 c9. 7 >I 430 (9.5) 210 (8.9) 220 <10 • 2 >I c-12 .1 > -59 College 19-24 427 (8.6) 220 (8.5) 207 (8. 7)1 416 (9.2) 219 (9.3) 197 <9. 2 >I (-2.6) -11 Young Family 25-34 599 (12.1) 307 (11.9) 292 (12.3)1 707 (15. 7) 362 (15.3) 345 Cl6 • o >I c+10. o > +108 Established Family I 35-54 11,025 ( 20 .6) 521 ( 20 .1) 504 (21.2)1 915 (20.3) 476 (20.2) 439 ( 20 • 4 ~ (-10 • 7 ) -110 Mature Family 155-641 409 (8.2) 229 (8.8) 180 c7 .6 >I 379 (8.4) 211 (8.9) 168 (7.8~ (-7.3) -30 Retired 165+ I 523 (10.5) 300 (11.6) 223 (9.4) 572 (12.7) 359 (15.2) 213 (9.9) (+9.4) +49 Total(%) I I 4,969 c100.o> 2,500 c100.o> 2,301 c100.o> 4,510 (100.0) 2,359 (100.0) 2,151 (100.0) (-9.2) -459 Median Age 29.0 *Consists of Census Tract 213, City of Eaton Rapids • .Actual 1970 population for Eaton Rapids was 4,494. **In 1980, Census Tract 213 was expanded to include portions of Eaton Rapids Township, which \\Bre in Tract 212 in 1970. SOURCE: 1970, 1980 U.S. Census of Population -STF3A ) -) -j �Table 1 indicates that the number of residents in the 25-34 year age group and retirees ( over 65) actually increased. These figures imply that, at least for the near future, community land uses and services that are oriented toward these age groups might be increased in number and scope. The increase in the young families age group also reflect the potential for an increase in the number of children living in the City during the next 5 to 10 years. I - Although municipal boundaries define the characteristics of the residents of a community, they do not circumscribe the number and characteristics of those that work, shop and play in that community. The volume of business and type and quality of retail merchandise sold in downtown Eaton Rapids, the type of labor force employed in the City and the public services and facilities (particularly park and recreation) in Eaton Rapids are also dependent upon the general characteristics of the population living in the immediate vicinity, outside the City's corporate limits. Consequently, the size and characteristics of this population group is also an important factor in planning for Eaton Rapids. That is, the City and its surrounding environs interact with, and impact upon, each other. Therefore the two townships (Eaton Rapids and Hamlin) adjacent to the City are included in the analysis of the population, housing, employment and physical characteristics of the general area. Table 2 describes the age and sex composition of the two primary townships ( Eaton Rapids and Hamlin) within the City's commercial market area which provide employees and customers for businesses within the City and users of public services and facilities within the City. ' - Table 2 shows that the population of the area surrounding the City (i.e. Eaton Rapids and Hamlin townships) grew by almost 70 percent between 1970 and 1980 ( at the same time Eaton County's population increased by 28. 2%). New construction permits issued for these townships since 1980 indicate that they are continuing to grow much faster than the City. Between 1980 and 1987, 275 permits for new residential construction were issued in Eaton Rapids and Hamlin townships, resulting in a total residential growth rate of 99.3 percent for these two townships combined. The greatest population increase in Eaton Rapids Township and Hamlin Township between 1970 and 1980 was in the 35-54 year age group. This age group comprised the largest portion of the total population in 1970 and 1980. It is interesting to note that two age groups gained population in the City between 1970 and 1980 - the 25-34 age group and 65 and older age group. Although those over 65 increased by almost 60 percent in the surrounding townships they were the fifth -9- �TABLE 2 EATON RAPIDS AND HAMLIN ~SHIPS AGE/SEX Ca-1POOITION 1970 l>,qe Pre-School 1 I-' ? I 5 and Under I Falla-re- (%) Male Total (%) 1980 Female (%) Male Total (%) 367 (12.4) 180 (12.2) 187 <12.5> I 445 (8.9) 225 (9.1) 220 (%) (%) Change in Total Age Group 1970-1980 (%) Number C8. 7> I 21.3 +78 Elerrentary 6-13 428 (14.4) 200 (13.6) 228 (15.2) 812 (16. 2) 400 (16 .1) 412 (16. 2) 89.7 +394 Secondary 14-18 341 (11.5) 158 (10.7) 183 (12. 2) 539 (10.7) 246 C9. 9) 293 (11.5) 58.1 +198 College 19-24 208 (7.0) 111 (7.5) 97 (6.5) 393 (7.8) 193 (7.8) 200 (7.9) 88.9 +185 Young Family 25-34 456 (15.4) 244 (16 .6) 212 (14. 2) 812 (16.2) 418 (16. 9) 394 (15.5) 78.1 +356 Established Family 35-54 685 (23.1) 333 (22.6) 352 (23.5) 1,274 ( 25. 4) 622 (25.1) 652 (25.6) 86.0 +589 228 (7.7) 100 (6.8) 128 (8.6) 347 (6.9) 178 (7.2) 169 C6. 7> I 52.2 +119 255 ( 8. 6) 145 ( 9. 9) 110 (7.3) 396 (7.9) 196 (7.9) 200 (7.9) I 59.2 +141 Mature Family 155-64 Retired 65+ I 2,968 (100.0) 1,471 (100.0) 1,497 (100.0) Total(%) Median Age ~) I I 69.1 2,050 5,010 c100.o> 2,478 c100.o> 2,540 c100.o> 29.3 ;)) .) - -- .l -·-- -- ! �..... t •• fastest growing age group and increased at a lower growth rate than the County's population in general. The fastest growing age group in the two townships is the 6-13 age group, followed closely by 19-24 year olds and those in the 35-54 year old category. The median age of residents in the surrounding townships was 29. 3 years in 1980, compared to similar 29.0 years in the City. These were slightly higher than in the County, where the median age in 1980 was 28. 3 years. Table 3 depicts the age/sex composition of the entire planning area. Overall, the City and Townships experienced a 20 percent increase (almost 1,600) between 1970 and 1980. The largest numerical increase was in the 35-54 year age group (established family) while the highest rate of growth occurred in the 25 to 34 year age group (44%). The only age group that lost population was the pre-school (5 and younger) group. This followed the national trend of a declining birth rate. Household/Family Composition The composition of those individuals in families, single person households or group (two or more unrelated individuals) living quarters define the socio-economic character of the City and its surrounding area. The number and type of housing units and the effective buying power and purchasing habits of local residents are a function of the type and number of households. Households, then, should be considered the primary unit for evaluating and projecting housing, retail sales and community facilities. In Eaton Rapids, there were 1,568 households in 1970 while at the same time Hamlin and Eaton Rapids townships contained 905 households. By 1980, the City's households increased by 2. 6 percent to 1,608. The number of households in the townships increased to 1,544 (70.6% over 1970), compared to a 69.4 percent rate of increase in the population over that period of time. In effect, the City experienced a disbursement of household members and an increase in smaller households resulting in a gain of housing uni ts and an average decrease in the number of persons living in each household, while in the surrounding townships the growth in households increased at a slightly faster rate than the growth in population. This is verified by the fact that the median number of persons per household within the townships decreased from 3. 55 to 3. 22 (0.33 persons) between 1970 and 1980, while in the City the median household decreased from 3.17 persons per household to 2. 7 9 per sons per household ( O. 3 8 per sons) during the same period. If existing trends continue, the need for additional housing will continue to exist even as population within the City declines. Population projections, however, indicate that the City's population will increase over the next 20 years. -11- �■ TABLE 3 CITY OF FATON RAPIDS, FATON RAPIDS AND HAMLIN ~SHIPS NJF./SEX CCMPOOITION 1970 Total p,qe Pre-School I I-' tv I 5 and I Older Falla-re- (%) Male Total (%) (%) 1980 Fanale (%) Male (%) 960 (12.1) 456 (11.2) 504 (13.0) 858 (9.0) 432 (8.9) 426 (9.1) (-10.6) -102 Elem:ntary 6-13 1,332 (16.8) 676 (16.7) 656 (16. 9) 1,490 (15.6) 715 (14.8) 775 (16.5) (ll.9) 158 Secondary 14-18 830 (10. 5) 417 (10.3) 413 (10.6) 969 (10.2) 456 (9.4) 513 (10.9) (16.7) 139 college 19-24 635 (8.0) 331 (8.1) 304 (7.8) 809 (8.5) 412 (8.5) 397 (8.5) (27.4) 174 Young Family 25-34 1,055 (13.3) 551 (13.6) 504 (13.0) 1,519 (15. 9) 780 (16.1) 739 (15.8) (44.0) 464 Established Family I 35-54 I 1, 110 (21.5) 854 (21.0) 856 c22.1> I 2,109 <23.2> I (28.0) 479 Mature Family 155-64 637 (8.0) 329 (8.1) 308 (7.9) Retired 65+ 778 (9.8) 445 (11.0) 333 (8.6) Total (%) SOURCE: ) C--J I (I) Change in Total Age Group 1970-1980 (%) Nunber I 7,937 (100.0) 4,059 (100.0) 3,878 (100.0) I (23.0) 1,098 (22.7) 1,091 389 (8.1) 337 (7.2) I (14.0) 89 555 (ll.5) 413 (8.8) (24.4) 190 9,528 (100.0) 4,837 (100.0) 4,691 (100.0) (20.0) 1,591 726 968 (7 .6 > (10. 2) 1970, 1980 U.S. Census of Pq,ulation - SI'F3A JJ ·1 ) �I \. \.. :',. __ Each community has households consisting of married couple families, single parent families, and individuals or two or more unrelated persons. These different types of households affect the type and quantity of local services and f acilities, retail merchandise available and physical composition of the community. In Eaton Rapids, there were 988 married couple families in 1980, comprising 61.4 percent of all households. This represents a 14.4 percent decrease from the 1,154 married couple families in the City in 1970, when they comprised 73.6 percent of all households. At the same time, the number of families with a female householder with no husband present almost doubled from 91 ( or 5. 8% of all households) in 1970 to 177 in 1980 (11.0%) of all households. Between 1970 and 1980, the number of non-family households decreased substantially from 305 in 1970 to 59 in 1980. These figures indicate that family and non-family households make up the major portion of the population that migrated from Eaton Rapids between 1970 and 1980, while single parent households are becoming an increasingly larger component of the City's population, although husband and wife families still comprise the majority of the City's households. Within the surrounding townships in 19 80, there were 1,234 married couple families making up 79.9 percent of all households, compared to 718 married couple families in 1970, when they comprised 79.5 percent of all households. By 1980, the number of families with a female householders and no husband present increased to 81 (or 5.2% of all households) from 45 ( 5. 0% of all households) in 1970. Non-family households decreased from 119 in 1970 to 27 (1.7% of all households) in 1980. Comparison of data between the City and surrounding townships shows that the ratio of married couple families to total households in the townships has been much more consistent than in the City. At the same time, families with a female householder (most likely widowed or divorced) increased at the same rate in both areas. -13- �Education/Occupation Two primary determinants of the income earning capacity and consequent spending power of individuals and households are the extent of formal education and the related occupations of local residents. Table 4 depicts the education level of residents 18 years and older in Eaton Rapids and Eaton Rapids and Hamlin Townships in 1980. TABLE 4 YEARS OF SCHOOL COMPLETED 18 YEARS OLD AND OVER - 1980 Eaton Rapids City Percent Number of Total Elementary (0-8 Yrs.) Through High School (1-3 Yrs.> High School ( 4 Yrs.) 833 27.4 883 26. 7 1,343 44.1 1,706 51.6 517 229 122 17.0 7.5 4.0 474 138 104 14.3 4.2 3.2 3,044 100.0 3,305 100.0 College - 1 to 3 Yrs. - 4 Yrs. - 5 or More Yrs. Total SOURCE: Townships Percent Number of Total 1980 Census STF3A Table 4 shows that residents of the City in 1980 had more of a tendency to have some college education than residents of the townships (28.5% of all residents over 18 in the City compared to 21.7% of all township residents in that age group). This fact should be reflected in a higher per capita annual income for the · City's residents and a higher proportion of occupations that require a formal education. The occupational characteristics of the residents of the City, surrounding townships and the City of Mason are depicted in Table 5. -14- ~ ; �_.,,,-...,. TABLE 5 EMPIDYMENI' BY OCCUPATION - 1980 PERSONS 16 YEARS AND OLDER i ' - \ ,, ~ L Townships Eaton Rapids City Percent Percent Number of Total Number of Total ,·'L.,; r·-I-. ... f , L: 't ' '-:::-- '~ '· . '. City of Mason Percent Number of Total Executive, Administrative, Managerial 159 8.8 146 7.0 231 8.5 Professional Specialty 219 12.0 149 7.1 391 14.4 Technicians and Related Support 38 2.1 32 1.5 59 2.2 Sales 163 9.0 190 9.1 289 10. 6 Clerical Support 317 17.4 355 17.0 585 21.6 Private Household Services 18 1.0 9 0.4 19 0.7 Protective Services 11 1.0 18 1.0 41 1.5 269 14.8 129 6.2 257 9.5 0 84 4.0 51 1.9 Services, Except Protective and Household Farming, Forestry and Fishing 6 Precision Production, Craft and Repair 200 11.0 377 18.1 338 12.4 Machine Operators, Assemblers and Inspectors 287 15.8 339 16.3 225 8.3 Transportation, Material Moving 75 4.1 140 6.7 122 4.5 Handlers, Equiprrent Cleaners, Helpers, Laborers 55 3.0 117 5.6 105 3.9 1,817 100.0 2,085 100.0 2,713 100.0 Total Persons 16 Years and Older OOURCE: 1980 Census STF3A ·;-.,-- '<---~,, -15- �Table 5 shows that a higher proportion of residents of the City tend to have professions that require a formal education beyond high school. That is, a larger percentage of the City's residents than those living in the surrounding townships are engaged in administrative, managerial, professional specialty, and technical occupations. At the same time, a larger proportion of township residents than City residents had occupations, such as production, craft and repair, machine operators, assemblers and inspectors, transporters and laborers, that require less technical and formal education. It is also interesting to note that a substantially larger proportion of the City's residents than the townships' residents had service occupations in 1980 ( 14. 8% compared to 6. 2%). These are primarily associated with commercial services and office activities. Population Projections The number and composition of the population of the City and surrounding townships over the next 20 years will be the foundation upon which community facilities and services, land use, housing, employment and retail trade will be structured. While it is not possible to project the composition of the area's future population, it is possible to estimate the number of people that will most likely live in the City and · surrounding townships over the next 20 years. The following depicts three methods used to estimate the projected population for the City of Eaton Rapids to the year 2010. Method I: Past Growth Trend - Based on actual Census counts over past 30 years. Year Population 1950 3,509 1960 4,052 1970 4,494 1980 4,510 Growth rates vary from 15. 5% between 1950 and 1960 to 10.9% between 1960 and 1970 to 0.36% between 1970 and 1980 or an average growth rate of 8.9% over a 10 year period. If this average is used, the following projections will result. Year Population Method II: 1990 4,911 1995 5,129 2000 5,348 2005 5,586 2010 5,824 Population projection using new housing construction and household densities. The following are median taken from Census data: household 1970 3.17 persons per household 1980 2.79 persons per household -16- densities �There is a decrease of .38 persons per household between 1970 and 1980, which is equivalent to a 12 percent decrease. It is assumed that the percentage change value will decrease one point every 10 years until 2010. The resulting projection of household densities is as follows: -..., 1987 2.57 1990 2.48 1995 2.36 2000 2.23 2005 2.13 2010 2.03 The number of occupied housing units in the City for 1986 is estimated by adding the total of new housing uni ts constructed in the City between 1980 and 1986 (discounted by 4% for average vacancy rate), to the total occupied housing stock in 1980. There is an estimated total of 1,740 uni ts for 1986, compared to 1,608 in 1980 (from the U.S. Census of Housing). The projected future occupied housing stock (based on the 1980-86 construction rate) is: 1987 1,761 1990 1,827 1995 1,937 2000 2,046 2005 2,156 2010 2,265 Multiplying the estimated number of occupied units by the estimated average household density for each year yields the following population projection: ; ,_ . i ' ' Year Population Method L. III: Year Population 1987 4,526 1990 4,531 1995 4,571 Use Tri-County Regional for Eaton Rapids.* 1987 4,544 1990 4,558 1995 4,582 2000 4,563 2005 4,592 Population 2000 4,606 2005 4,630 2010 4,598 projections 2010 4,655 r · j I - *Tri-County Regional Planning Commission, October 1988, Lansing, Michigan -17- �Method I represents a high projected growth in population. Method II depicts a low increase in population and Method III can be considered the medium projection. The accepted projection for this Plan is that shown in Method III, or the medium projection. The 1980 population in the two surrounding townships totalled 5,018. Again, three projection methods can be used to estimate the future population for this area. The first method utilizes past growth trends for each 10 year period, which varied from 21.5 percent between 1950 and 1960 to 69.4 percent between 1970 and 1980. Using an average 10 year growth rate of 45. 5 percent, the following projections are established: Method I Year Population 1990 7,300 1995 8,962 2000 10,623 2005 13,040 2010 15,457 The second method is based on actual new housing construction data and the change in household densities for the two townships. The density change in households in Eaton Rapids and Hamlin townships between 1970 and 1980 was -0.32 persons. That is, the average household density decreased from 3. 55 persons in 1970 to 3.23 persons in 1980. Between 1980 and July 1987, 275 new "stick-built" and mobile residential units were constructed in this area. Projecting the future average household density for the two townships through 2010 and multiplying that by the projected number of housing uni ts, based upon 1980-198 7 construction permits, yields the following population projections: Method II Year Population 1990 5,709 1995 5,885 2000 6,004 2005 6,437 2010 6,417 The third method, as in the projections for the City, is to utilize regional projections. These projections, provided by the Tri-County Regional Planning Commission, are as follows: Method III Year Population 1990 7,173 1995 8,050 2000 8,926 2005 9,802 2010 10,679 In this instance, Method III, using the regional projections, is the medium projection and will be used as the estimate of future population for this Plan. -18- �Consequently, the following table recaps the population that is projected for the Planning Area to the year 2010. These forecasts are based on past trends and reflect the most "reasonable" middle line estimates for the planning period. TABLE 6 POPULATION PROJECTIONS Estimate 1987 t' "'. 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 City of Eaton Rapids 4,544 4,558 4,582 4,606 4,630 4,655 Hamlin and Eaton Rapids Townships 6,527 7,173 8,050 8,926 9,802 10,679 11,071 11,731 12,632 13,532 14,432 15,334 I . 'L, ' Total Planning Area SOURCE: Gove Associates Inc. Projections; Tri-County Region Population Projections Synopsis Historically, the City has grown at about the same rate as the rest of the Region. However, between 1970 and 1980, the City's growth rate was substantially lower than in the preceding decades. The surrounding townships experienced a relatively large increase in population, with a 60 percent growth rate. Based upon past trends, the City is expected to continue to grow, although that growth will not be significant. At the same time, the townships should increase by more than 4,000 people. Overall, the need for housing will continue, in both the City and townships, as the size of individual households continues to decline. While forecasts are based upon past trends, these projections can change in response to local policies and development decisions. For example, if the City were to actively pursue residential (including multiple-family) development within its municipal boundaries, the rate of population growth could increase. Additionally, the projected growth in Eaton Rapids Township and Hamlin Township could provide a solid base for increased commercial development within Eaton Rapids. -19- l \ I I l I I �c- l; SECTION IV HOUSING �' . HOUSH~ Housing Characteristics Many elements of a community make up its quality of life, and housing is one of the most important elements. Housing is unique because it is really the only component with the community that is intimately associated with each household and at the same time, when taken as a whole, is a primary community resource. Whereas businesses and community facilities are important to the total perception and functioning of an area, they are not as integral to household functioning as individual residences. Consequently, the quality of housing more directly reflects the quality of life of a household. Housing Occupancy l. l .. 1 •-. Housing occupancy refers to owner-occupied, renter-occupied or vacant housing that is available for occupancy. In 1970 there were 1, 714 housing uni ts in the City ( of which 1,640 were year-round) and 944 residences in the surrounding townships (of which 940 were year-round). At that time in the City 1,219, or 74 percent, of the year-round units were occupied by households that owned their own residence, while 342 units (21%) were renter-occupied and 70 units (5%) were vacant. Compared to the surrounding townships, where owneroccupied housing comprised 81 percent of all year-round units and renter-occupied housing made up 14. 5 percent of yearround housing, the City had a larger renter base. The City's position as a center for rental activity increased during the 1970-1980 decade. By 1980, even though the total number of housing uni ts in the City actually declined to 1,700, the year-round housing increased to 1,665, or 98 percent of the total supply, indicating that the majority, if not all, of the units that were removed during the 1970's were seasonal. During the same 10 year period, the number of owner-occupied houses decreased by 55 units while 102 new rental units were added to the housing stock. Eaton Rapids and Hamlin townships experienced a substantial increase in owneroccupied housing (to 1,366 units) while only 41 rental units were added to the housing supply in those areas. By 1980, therefore, owner-occupied housing comprised 70 percent of the City's supply of year-round housing, compared to 85 percent for the townships. At the same time, rental housing made up 27 percent of the City's year-round stock and only 11 percent of the townships'. New housing in the City between 1980 and July, 1987 continued to be oriented toward rental uni ts. Of the 13 7 new uni ts built during that period, 18 were duplexes and 86 were multiple-family apartments, while only 33 were single-family -20- �structures. At the same time, 275 uni ts were built in the townships, including 45 mobile homes. Although no data is available to determine the proportion of those new units that are being rented, it is estimated (using the same proportion of rental uni ts to year-round uni ts that existed in 1980) that there were 215 rental uni ts in the townships in July, 1987, or an increase of 37 rental units over 1980. Table 7 Planning Area Housing Uni ts - depicts the changes that have occurred over the past 17 years within the City and townships. The table also indicates that single-family homes in the surrounding townships represented the largest numerical increase in housing type within the area. Very few multiplefamily units have been built in the townships, while multiple-family housing increased at a faster rate than any other housing type in the City. As a matter of fact, the majority of new housing units in the City between 1970 and 1987 was multiple-family housing, reflecting the trend toward more mobility and a changing household composition (more single persons and childless couples). Age of Housing Stock An important indicator of the quality and cultural significance of a community's housing stock is its age. In 1970, 59 percent of the City's housing was built before 1940, that is, 30 years old or older. By 1980, 46. 6 percent of all housing uni ts in the City were built before 1940 and, of those, 26 percent were rental uni ts. Almost 46 percent of all rental units were constructed prior to 1940, compared to almost 48 percent for all owner-occupied housing, indicating that, in general, deteriorated housing is not concentrated within rental units although owner-occupied housing is typically maintained in better condition than rental housing. Within the surrounding areas (Eaton Rapids and Hamlin townships), 50 percent of all housing was built before 1940, as reported in the 1970 Census. By 1980, only 33 percent of all the townships' housing was constructed prior to 1940. Among all rental uni ts in 1980, 50 percent were constructed before 1940, while 30 percent of all owner-occupied housing was 40 years or older. According to the 1969 Eaton Rapids Comprehensive Development Plan survey, the largest proportion of the City's oldest housing units were located in the northwest and central sections; that is, the area bordered by Alice Street on the south and the Grand River on the east (see Map 2). Table 8 displays the current distribution of older housing in the Study Area, as of July 1987. -21- �( -~ M ·•·- ~ - --,- - -·, , - ..,. 1 J TABLE 7 PLANNING AREA HOUSING UNITS City of Eaton Rapids - I of 1970 I of 'lbtal 70-8 I of 1980 Total Units 100.0 1,700 100.0 1,837 100.0 7.2 944 100.0 Year-Round 1,640 96.3 1,673 97.9 1,810 98.5 9.7 943 99.9 Renter--0::cupied 2 to 9 10 or M:ire M::>bile Hailes or Trailer I of Ox~ied 1970 I of Oxueied Total Total July 1987 1,606 100.0 1,881 100.0 99.3 1,606 100.0 1,881 100.0 99.5 1980 I of CX:cupied I of CX:cupied 1970 Total 1980 'lbtal July 1987 2,658 100.0 3,306 100.0 3,718 100.0 39.9 97.6 3,279 99.2 3,691 99.3 42.3 2,593 I of Ox~ied I of Oxupied 'of Chart;jE Total 70-8 I of Oxueied I of Ox~ied 1,164 72.4 1,197 68.6 -1.8 766 84.8 1,366 88.5 1,604** 88 . 2 109.4 1,985 80.6 2,530 80.3 2,801** 78.6 41.l 342 21.9 444 27.6 548 31.4 60.2 137 15.2 178 11.5 215** 11.8 56.9 479 19.4 622 19.7 763** 21.4 59.3 1,360* I of I of I of I of I of I of I of I of I of YearRound YearRound YearRound YearRound Year- Year- Round Round YearRound YearRound YearRound 1,353 80.9 1,386 76.6 1.9 938* 99.5 1,447 90.l 1,677 89.2 78.8 2,298* 88.6 2,800 85.4 3,063 83.0 33.3 278 269 16.l 293 16.2 5.3 5 0.5 46 2.9 46 2.4 820.0 283 10.9 315 9.6 339 9. 2 19.8 12 23 1.4 103 5.7 758.3 0 11 0.7 11 0.6 - 12 0.5 34 1.1 114 3.1 850.0 28 l. 7 28 1.5 N/A 102 6.3 147 7.8 WA 130 4. 0 175 4.7 - 82.9 - *Includes M'.Jbile Hailes or Trailer *"Gove Esturates SOURCE: I I of I of 78.l Year-Round Sin, le-Family Total I of Total I I of Chan;ie 80-87 Total 1,219 lb. of Units in Structure: I Olan;jE 'lbtal Owner--Ocx::upied IV IV ' I of 1,714 I of Ox~ied I July 1987 Eaton ~ids & Hamlin '11::7wnshies U.S. Census 1970 Census Tract Data; 1980 srF3A; Field Survey; Consuner Questionnaire; Buildin, Permit Data - WA �---------------L-1 --... ~ ' . .. ~-s. , · i I I .. --...~ ·< , _ ·_•· I ( ~ I · 1··· ' -'. ~ ~~ 1 III--· I 11 ' . I ~ ~ I ' -~--~""~ -. . ·I I ~ ~! • " EATON RAPIDS COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN Legend . ..E;w;J SOUND c=J MINOR CD SXJia: MAJOR REHABILITATION - MAP 2 STRUCTURAL QUALITY SURVEY - 1967 STANDARD' REHABILITATION - DEFICIENT SUBSTANDARD STRUCTURAL QUALITY DISTRICTS F.aton Rapids Carprehensive Developuent Plan, 1969 @ Gove Associates Inc. -23- : = = ; - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - -- -- - - - - - - �TABLE 8 r: HOUSH-13 BUILT PRIOR TO 1940 (1987) ;·-;"' YearRound No. of Units ' l , ..., i % of % of of No. of Total Total No. of Total OwnerRenter- RenterYear- ownerRound Occu:eied Occu:eied Occu:eied Occu:eied % l City of Eaton Rapids ; ~ 770 42.7 555 46.4 203 37.0 Eaton Rapids/ Hamlin Twps • 533 28.3 415 25. 9 89 41. 3 1,303 35.4 970 34.6 292 38.2 ! ." .,, ~ I 1 • Total SOURCE: U.S. 1980 Census STF3A; Local Building Permit Records r 1 In general, the City's housing stock is proportionally older than the townships, with owner-occupied housing containing the larger percentage of older units while the townships have a higher proportion of older rental housing than the City. Newer housing units (those built since 1970), while not indicative of over all housing quality, do reflect the relative growth, change and vitality of the community. Since 1970, 353 new housing uni ts have been constructed in Eaton Rapids, representing over 19 percent of the City's total housing supply. Eaton Rapids and Hamlin Townships combined have had 586 new homes constructed since 1970 ( 31% of the total housing stock in these areas). Forty-five percent of the new units constructed within the City since 1970 have been multiple-family while the majority (76%) constructed since 1980 have been dwellings of two or more units. Within the two townships, only seven percent of all new housing since 1970 has been multiple-family ( 2 or more uni ts) and since 1980 there have been no new multiple-family units constructed. Housing Value The market value of housing, both in terms of median value and percentage of housing under a specified value, is a good indicator of housing quality as well as housing demand. In 1970, the median value of an owner-occupied residence in the City was $14,300 while the median value of an owner-occupied house within the two townships was 9. 8 percent higher at $15,700. At the same time, the median value of a house in -24- �Eaton County was $17,900 or 25 percent higher than in Eaton Rapids Township and 14 percent higher than in the two townships. By 1980, owner-occupied residences in the City had a median value of $34,200 - an increase of 139 percent over 1970, and by 1988 the average sale price of a house in Eaton Rapids was $51,395. Between 1970 and 1980, owneroccupied housing in the township increased in value by 196 percent to $46,500 while within the County in general, the value of such housing jumped by 155 percent to $45,600. Table 9 shows these housing values. TABLE 9 MEDIAN OWNER-OCCUPIED HOUSIN:i VALUE AverA9e Sale Price Percent Chanqe 1970 1980 Eaton Rapids $14,300 $34,200 $51,395 +139 +50.l Townships $15,700 $46,500 N/A ♦ 196 N/A ~17.900 ~45.600 N/A +155 N,!'.A Eaton Count:z'. SOURCE, 1988 1970-80 1980-88 1970, 1980 Census of Housinq1 Tri-County Regional Planning co-ission These large rates of appreciation between 1970 and 1980 occurred during a period of artifically high inflation and housing prices during the 1980-1988 period appreciated at about one-third the 1970-1980 rates. These figures do, however, show that the value of owner-occupied housing in the City appreciated at a slower rate than within the County as a whole, while housing in the townships realized a substantially greater increase in value than in both the City and remainder of the County. Median contract rent is another indicator of the quality of housing, although it is also dependent upon the availability of supply and the extent of local demand for rental uni ts. Table 10 depicts the median contract rents paid to landlords in the townships, City and County in 1970 and 1980, as well as an average rental rate for the City for 1989. TABLE 10 MEDIAN MONTHLY CONTRACT RENTS Percent Change 1970-ilO 1980-89 1970 1980 1989 Eaton Rapids S 84 $169 $470* +101 ♦ 178 Townships s 72 $201 N/A ♦ 179 N/A !107 $227 N/A +112 N/A Eaton Count:z'. SOURCE: 1970, 1980 Census of Housing: Local realtor *Represents average of rents ranging fro■ $225 for one bedroo■ apart-nt, to $720 for new three bedroom house. -25--, ~ �i: ! . Li i.; Median contract rents have changed most dramatically in the townships, while the slowest rate of rent increases occurred in the City. It is interesting to note that during this 10 year period the cost of renting in the townships surpassed the cost of renting in the City. This comparative change in ranking of rental rates between the City and townships occurred in spite of the fact that there were more renteroccupied units added to the City's housing stock than to the townships' housing stock. The greater increase within the townships may be due to a relatively larger proportion of new rental housing having been built in those jurisdictions. The increase in rental rates in the City was substantially higher in the 1980-89 period than the period between 1970 and 1980 ( 178% vs 101%). This can partially be attributed to thehigher inflation that occurred in the early 1980's. It can also be attributed to a low supply/high demand factor for adequate rental housing and the fact that the increased cost of buying a home has caused many households to remain in the rental market. There is no current data available for average rents paid in the townships. However, based upon 1980 data and assuming a strong correlation between the rent paid and the quality of the unit, the overall quality of rental housing in the City is lower than in the townships. Plumbing Facilities '' . l. ! . The lack of certain basic plumbing facilities is sometimes used as an indicator to determine the presence of substandard housing in a community. In Eaton Rapids, 80 units or 4. 7 percent showed the lack of some or all plumbing facilities in 1970, including 48 owner-occupied, 21 renter-occupied and 11 vacant units. By 1980, the number of these units decreased substantially to 18, including 11 owner-occupied and six renter-occupied. The percentage of units without plumbing is substantially lower than either the townships, County or State. TABLE 11 UNITS LACKIN3 SOME OR ALL PLUMBIN3: ,-· 1970, 1980 f No. 1970 Eaton Rapids Eaton Rapids and Hamlin Townships Eaton County State of Michigan • SOURCE: % of Total Units 80 87 4.7 9.2 N/A 123,827 No. 1980 18 41 423 30,215 % of Total Units 1.1 2.6 -77.5 -47.1 1. 3 0.8 -75.7 1970, Census Tract Data; 1980 Census, STF3A -26- % Change 1970-80 �Housing Quality I I I I I A "windshield" housing survey was conducted in the City of Eaton Rapids in the summer of 1987. The purpose of this survey was to gather data which would identify existing land uses and provide the basis for determining the quality of the existing housing stock within the City. The information contained in this section will help to establish present and future housing needs, goals and objectives, and will aid in determining suitable methods for achieving future housing requirements. The determination of housing quality was based on the exterior appearance of the structure. The criteria ·for identifying and mapping structures is included in the Appendix. Essentially, the determination of the soundness of a structure was based upon the degree of deterioration observed through visual inspection. If a house needed relatively little work to bring it up to standard condition, it was considered sub-standard. If it needed serious or major modifications, it was designated as dilapidated. As in any community, the housing stock is one of Eaton Rapid's primary resources. An adequate supply of good quality housing, available to families at all income levels, is important to the general health and well being of the City's residents. An adequate housing stock is also an important resource for attracting new development to the area and for maintaining an aesthetically pleasing residential environment within the City. The results of the windshield survey, combined with derived estimates of total housing units, shows that approximately 25 percent of the structures within the City are sub-standard or dilapidated (Table 12). Approximately 375 structures were estimated to be in a sub-standard condition, while 80 were estimated to be in a dilapidated condition. Sub-standard structures would require minor rehabilitation to be restored to a standard condition. Dilapidated structures would require major rehabilitation to be restored to a standard condition. -27- A .i �TABLE 12 EATON RAPIDS HOUSIN3 QUALITY f ....... Classification Standard Sub-Standard Dilapidated Total SOURCE: \ ' •. No. of Structures % of Total 1,380 375 82 75.1 20.4 4.5 1,837 100.0 Gove Associates Inc.; Land Use Survey, 1987 Generally speaking, the overall quality of the housing stock in Ea ton Rapids is good. The majority of sub-standard and dilapidated housing is located on the west side of the Grand River, north of Grand Street and northwest of Michigan Street. These are the older residential neighborhoods with smaller building lots and housing units. Most of the housing in standard condition is located in the eastern section of the City. 3 describes the general locations of concentrations of dilapidated and sub-standard housing, as well as those areas that are primarily or entirely developed with housing in standard condition. Map Synopsis l. l l .. Eaton Rapids is experiencing a transition from a housing stock that is predominantly sing le-family owner-occupied to one that is expanding with rental uni ts, especially apartments. Because the City has been the center of development and settlement in this portion of the county, its housing stock is generally older than the housing found in surrounding townships, where development is relatively recent. Since about 80 percent of the City's housing uni ts were built before 1970, it is likely that many residences in Eaton Rapids are not in conformance with current standard housing codes. The age of these uni ts, combined with the fact that many are on smaller lots, has resulted in a relatively lower median value compared to housing in surrounding areas. Overall, however, most of the City's housing is in fair-to-good condition, with pockets of one or more uni ts that are deteriorating. A primary objective should be to protect and enhance the housing that now exists in the City while rehabilitating those units that are worth saving. The resulting impact should be an improved and quality-oriented inventory of housing. -28- �EATON RAPIDS# . .I \ II I I ' . - • • • • "11 HII I ~~~' filfilllil llllll - ·~ · \ ._______ ~l_ ..._I . I L. WC 1/, -~ EATON RAPIDS COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN MAP 3 STRUCTURAL QUALITY" SURVEY - 1987 legend UOlilllllli STANDARD Wffe./41 it,:,'A MINOR REHABILITATION scx.mcE: MAJOR REHABILl~ATION Eaton Rapids rana. Use Gove Associates Inc. survey, 1987 -29- �r l j' I .· r j : l .. \.' \ \ \ t • \ SECTION V ' i L -- ) I ' , ECONOMY �ECONOMY Introduction The development of a community is influenced to a great extent by economic activity within and near its boundaries. Studies of the local and regional economy are therefore essential as a basis for forecasting the type, amount and timing of the growth that will occur in the community and consequently the public facilities that will be required. Regional Economy The economy of a community is heavily influenced by regional trends. In large part, when the reg ion is prospering, this prosperity is reflected in local communities. For this reason, regional economic trends need to be assessed before local trends are evaluated. , ., I !I • ',... . As mentioned previously, the City of Eaton Rapids is in Eaton County, which is part of the Lansing-East Lansing Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), consisting of Eaton, Ingham, Ionia and Clinton counties. The City of Lansing, the state capital, is located in the northwest portion of Ingham County, less than 20 miles north of Eaton Rapids. Because of the City's proximity to Lansing and its location within the Lansing MSA, the economic trends of the MSA directly affect the economy of Eaton Rapids. The Tri-County Region•sl economic base has historically been associated with automobile manufacturing and state government employment. Although the automobile industry has been declining it still remains a major employment source within the Reg ion. As with the country as a whole, the Reg ion's economy is becoming increasingly oriented toward nonmanufactur ing ind us tries, such as professional services, motel and restaurant employment. The Lansing-East Lansing area is the economic as well as political center of the Reg ion. The three major employers are the State of Michigan, employing 22,200 people, Michigan State University, with 9,500 employees and the BuickOldsmobile-Cadillac Group of General Motors, which employs 23,000 people. Auto related manufacturing firms in the area 1 The Lansing-East Lansing MSA encompasses Eaton, Clinton, Ing ham and Ionia counties, while the Reg ion consists of Eaton, Clinton and Ingham counties. -30- �also employed about 14,000 persons in 1984. In addition, 6,000 people are employed in agriculture or agriculturalrelated industries within the three county area. ,,,-.... '?' The characteristics of employment in the Region, as mentioned earlier, have changed over time from a strong emphasis on manufacturing to a nonmanuf actur ing employment base. Table 13, which shows the profile of regional employment in 1979, 1984 and August 1987, reflects that change. As depicted in Table 13, the Reg ion experienced an overall decrease in employment between 1979 and 1984, when inflation and unemployment were high and a recession in effect. The recovery from that period of economic downturn is displayed by the increase in the Reg ion's employment between 1984 and 1987. Among those major industrial sectors identified in Table 13, federal government employment increased at the fastest rate between 1979 and 1987, followed by wholesale trade and retail trade. The largest decrease occurred in construction employment, which declined by 28 percent between 1979 and 1984 and has pretty well stabilized since that time. Manufacturing also lost a relatively large proportion of its employment base during the 1979-1984 period but experienced a slight gain between 1984 and 1987. The net loss in manufacturing -jobs over the 1979-1987 period was the largest among all sectors. -31- ,,,,--.... ,. �TABLE 13 n. EMPLOYMENI' PROFILE BY INDUSTRY TRI-<X>UNTY REX:;ION* } ~ !l r- ' l . % r-: Change 1979-84 % August 1987 % Change Change 1984-87 1979-87 1979 1984 State and weal Governrrent 55,198 53,933 2.3 56,200 +4.2 +1.8 Manufacturing 40,527 34,892 -13.9 36,000 +3.2 -11.2 Services 37, 769 42,985 +13.8 37,100 -15.9 -1.8 Retail Trade 31,077 30,615 -1.5 31,900 +4.2 +2.6 Finance, Insurance, Real Estate, Banking 12,693 14,140 +11.4 11,700 -21.0 -7.8 Construction 8,446 6,046 -28.4 6,000 Agriculture 6,673 6,396 -4.2 N/A Transportation, Utilities 5,668 4,983 -12.1 5,100 +2.3 -10.0 Woolesale Trade 5,775 5,274 -8.7 7,000 +32.7 +21.1 Federal Governrrent (Civilian) 2,449 2,875 +15.0 3,100 +7.8 +24.0 i Military 1,067 1,275 +19.5 N/A l ,. Other (Industry classification not available) 2,611 3,708 +42.0 28,800 210,003 207,122 -1.4 222,900 +7.6 +6.1 L_~ ' \ ..__.,. ra !L~ r. : l ; f • i' 0 -29.0 I I • f L •• Total I• ;· ~ -··• * In 1985, Benchmark adjustrrents were made to civilian labor force errployrrent and unerrployrrent figures to reflect new population controls and errployrrent count adjustrrents. Consequently, direct carparisons between pre-1985 and post-1985 data are not necessarily achieved. In addition, the 1987 data is fran the Michigan E:cployment Security Carmission Lansing Labor Market Review while 1979 and 1984 data are taken fran Michigan Departrrent of Ccmnerce data. Therefore 'other' errployment figures are not carparable. SOURCE: Michigan Departrrent of Ccmnerce, Econanic Profiles of Clinton, Eaton and Ingham Counties -32- �Household incomes are another indicator of tne strength of the regional economy. Tanle 14 describes the per capita and average household incomes for the Region for 1980 and 1985. TABLE 14 PER CAPITA AND HOUSEHOLD INCOME TRI-COUNTY REGION 1980-85 % Per Capita Household SOURCE: 1980 1985 Increase $7,609 $10,943 43.8 $23,278 $31,066 33.4 1985 Local Population Estimates, U.S. Census The Region's per capita income of $10,943 in 1985 was 0.4 percent higher than the 1985 statewide per capita income of $10,902. · Dollar Value Added by Manufacturing - This measure is one of the best and most accurate means of analyzing the importance of manufacturing in a region. The dollar value added by manufacturing is the amount of income which is derived from all manufactured goods after all expenses for the cost of materials, supplies, containers, fuel, purchased electricity and contract work have been subtracted from the value of shipments of manufacturing establishments. Between 1967 and 1982, the total dollar value added by manufacturing in the Lansing-East Lansing MSA increased by 158 percent. A smaller increase (127%) occurred at the state level. Eaton County has a minor portion of the dollar value added by manufacturing in the state and in the MSA. Three per cent of the total state figures and 6. 3 percent of the MSA value was produced in Eaton County in 1982. However, in the County, the dollar volume added by manufacturing has increased faster than both the state and the Region at 246 percent. -33- �TABLE 15 VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURING Million Dollars Lansing State i ' l .t ~A % of State % of calhoun State Eaton % of State Jackson % of State 1982 $39,ll8 -l $1,892.4 4.8 $1,049.5 2.7 $119.4 0.3 $481. 7 1.4 1977 37,566.0 1,435.5 3.8 944.2 2.5 ll2.4 0.3 542.9 1.4 1972 23,377.4 981.4 4.2 635.0 2.7 59.9 0.3 377.9 1.6 1967 17,241.6 733.0 4.25 473.4 2.7 34.5 0.2 277.9 1.6 scx.H:E: Census of Manufacturers New Capital Expenditures in Manufacturing - This is another good indicator of manufacturing activity within an area. New capital expenditures represent the money spent for permanent additions and major alterations to industrial plants, as well as for new machinery and equipment. New capital expenditures in the Lansing MSA and Eaton County are shown in Table 16. r. I I New capital expenditures increased considerably in the Lansing MSA and Eaton County between 1958 and 1963. Spending on capital items depends somewhat heavily on the national economy. In 1958, there was a national recession and new capital expenditures everywhere were low. In 1963, the national economy was doing very well and new capital expenditures were much higher. By 1982, capital expenditures for manufacturing in the Lansing MSA had increased substantially, but did not keep pace with the state's increase in expenditures between 1963 and 1982. Eaton County, on the other hand, experienced a very small capital expenditure increase and fell almost to the same proportion of the state's capital expenditure that it accounted for in 1958. In essence, Eaton County did not keep up with industrial growth within the Lansing SMSA between 1963 and 1982, decreasing from 27 percent of the region's capital expenditures in 1963 to eight percent in 1982. It would appear that much of the increase is located in Delta Township due to the Lansing Mall and BOC Plant V. -34- �TABLE 16 CAPITAL EXPENDITURES IN MANUFACTURIOO FOR LANSIOO MSA AND EATON COUNTY Lansing MSA ($1,000,000) Year % Eaton County ($1,000,000) of State % of State 1958 $ 9.916 2.2 $ 0.962 0.2 1963 35.502 4.7 9.482 1. 2 1982 127.1 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Census, Census of Manufacturers, 1958, 1963, 1982 3.6 10. O 0.3 Retail Sales - Retail sales is another important indicator of business activity in an area. In Table 17, the retail sales for the Lansing MSA and Eaton County are shown. TABLE 17 ~ RETAIL SALES ,,,--._ ($1,000) I Increase 1967-82 County Clinton 1967 Per capita Per capita 74,U7 $1,483 $ 1977 C,apita ll4,306 $2,130 Per Per capita Total C,apita $ 151,303 $2,738 217.5 160.5 1982 $ 47,661 $1,051 Eaton 89,031 1,410 190,601 2,619 337,887 4,095 463,840 5,264 421.0 273.3 Ingham 486,702 1,978 666,457 2,525 1,000,941 3,691 1,274,798 4,692 161.9 137.2 Iooia 55,601 1,235 79,443 1,689 139,309 2,785 161,887 3,122 191.6 152.8 Total $678,995 Lansing-Fast Lansing l\SA $1,699 $1,010,628 $2,330 $1,592,443 $3,428 $2,051,828 $4,394 202.2 158.6 SClR:E: $ 1972 Per Census of Retail Trade: Census of Population: Galle Associates F.st.urates Table 17 shows that, relative to the other counties in the Lansing-East Lansing MSA, Eaton County's retail sales increased rather dramatically between 1967 and 1982, both in terms of total sales and per capita sales. In 1967, retail sales in the County represented only 13 percent of the MSA's total sales and by 1982 the County's portion of retail sales in the four county area increased to 22. 6 percent. Eaton County's retail trade economy, therefore, is a strong factor in the County's economic base. -35- ~ �. { I z _. ,_- Income Characteristics Personal income is a key barometer of the economic condition of an area. Personal incomes determine the amount of money available for retail expenditures, housing purchases and local investments. These expenditures and investments directly and indirectly determine the amount of money available for public facilities and services, primarily through the local property tax base. Table 18 depicts the personal incomes in each of the Lansing-East Lansing MSA counties and the state during the years 1979-1984. TABLE 18 PERSONAL INCOME - 1979-1984 ($1,000) % of County Clinton $ Eaton Ingham Ionia Total Lansing-East Lansing M3A Michigan l - SOURCE: 1979 M3A % of State 467,485 11.6 0.5 804,349 20.0 2,389,218 % of % % of Increase State 1979-84 1984 M3A 657,049 11.6 0.6 40.5 0.9 1,137,792 20.1 1.0 41.5 59.2 2.8 3,335,266 59.0 2.9 39.6 369,455 9.2 0.4 519,648 9.2 0.5 40.7 4,030,507 100.0 4.7 5,649,755 100.0 4.9 40.2 100.0 $114,534,498 100.0 34.0 $85,447,655 $ u:x::a1 area personal incane; Personal incanes in all Great Lakes Region; U.S. Deparbrent of Carmerce According to Table 1'a , the counties in the Lansing-East Lansing MSA increased at comparable rates over the six year period. The MSA as a whole saw a greater increase in personal incomes during that time than did the state. Eaton County experienced the highest growth rate among the four counties and was the only one to increase, although slightly, as a proportion of the MSA for personal incomes. -36- �Local Economy An assessment of the local economy of Eaton Rapids provides an insight into the role that the City plays in the Region. The local economy will be analyzed according to major employers, labor force, household income, retail trade and assessed valuation. Major Employers l Eaton Rapid's close proximity to Lansing creates a situation whereby many residents living in and around Eaton Rapids are employed in the Lansing area. Many of these residents work for the state or General Motors-B.O.C. Group, the Lansing area's two major employers. Within and near Eaton Rapids, service and manufacturing industries provide the largest employment base. Major service employment includes Eaton Rapids Public Schools (279 employees), Eaton Rapids Community Hospital (180 employees) and the VFW Home (84 employees) and the City of Eaton Rapids (46 employees). Major manufacturers in and around Eaton Rapids consist of Eaton Technologies Company (250 employees), Green Bay Food Company (150 employees), Michigan Packaging Company (100 employees) and Landalet Manufacturing Company (25 employees) and Dowding Tool Products in Springport (40-45 employees). In addition, there are approximately 350 employees of retail businesses within the City. Labor Force The 1980 labor force in the Eaton Rapids area consisted of 3,899 persons, including 1,187 in Eaton Rapids Township, 1,019 in Hamlin township and 1,817 in the City. This represented 41 percent of the area's 1980 population. The City's labor force in 1980 also represented 40 percent of the City's population, which was an increase over 1960 when 38 percent of the City's population was in the labor force. The primary reason for that increase in the labor force rate is the number of women that have joined the labor force over the last two decades. In 1960, women made up 35 percent of the City's labor force, compared to 44 percent in 1980. Also, in 1980, women comprised 41 percent of the areawide labor force - that represented approximately 52 percent of all women over 16 years of age in the planning area. The survey questionnaire results indicate that, within the planning area, over 77 percent of all employment is full ~time and the balance (23%) is part-time. The proportion of fulltime to part-time employment ranges from 70 percent fulltime per 30 percent part-time in Eaton Rapid's Township, to 80 percent full-time per 20 percent part-time in the City of Eaton Rapids. The survey also showed that, on the average 1.56 persons per household were employed full-time and 1.18 persons per household were employed part-time in the planning -37- .i �area, indicating that most households had at least two employed people. The questionnaire also showed that, areawide, almost half (45%) of all full-time employed residents work in Lansing and over half of all part-time employees work in Eaton Rapids. 1 • '-· Table 19 displays employment by industry for the City and two townships for 1980. While these figures do not obviously reflect current conditions because of changes in economic structure over the past nine years, they do indicate the general importance of each sector in the local economy. Table 19 shows that in 1980, nondurable goods manufacturing was the predominant industry in which residents of the planning area were employed. Retail trade and educational services were also major sectors of the area's economy. With the substantial downturn in manufacturing, finance, insurance, real estate, construction and transportation and utilities employment between 1979 and 1987 at the regional level (see Table 13), it is assumed that local employment in those sectors has also decreased since 1979. At the same time, this Plan assumes that employment increases over the past eight years in some sectors, particularly federal government and wholesale trade, is reflected in those employment characteristics in the planning area. Table 20 is an excerpt from the Tri County Region 1987 Overall Economic Development Program and displays projections at the regional level in employment. In general, regional employment is expected to increase at the highest rate between 1985 and 1990 and increase at a lower rate for each five year period after 1990. Manufacturing employment is expected to continue to decrease, although between 1984 and 1987 it actually increased slightly, while other sectors including retail trade and public sector employment are expected to increase. Eaton County and the Eaton Rapids area, as a portion of the Region, and with many local residents employed in the Lansing Area, should also follow those trends. -38- �,,,.-...._ TABLE 19 t!"-' EMPLOYMENI' BY INDUSTRY - 1980 City of Eaton Rapids Industry % of Paton Twp. Rapids City Total Township Total % of % of % of Hamlin Twp. Total Area Township Total Area Total 9 0.5 58 4.9 49 5.5 116 3.0 60 3.3 59 4.9 40 4.5 159 4.1 131 457 7.2 25.2 36 371 3.0 31.2 45 276 5.0 30.8 212 1,104 5.4 28. 3 Transportation 42 2.3 37 3.1 32 3.6 111 2.8 Cannunication, Utilities 17 0.9 20 1. 7 18 2.0 55 1. 4 Wholesale Trade 64 3.5 40 3.4 26 2.9 130 3.3 225 12.4 183 15.4 115 12.8 523 13.4 Finance, Insurance, Real Estate 56 3.1 34 2.9 30 3.4 120 3.1 Business and Repair 67 3.7 36 3.0 11 1.2 114 2.9 Personal Entertainment 67 3.7 38 3.2 16 1.8 121 3.1 Health Services 173 9.5 74 6.2 57 6.4 304 7.8 Educational Services 236 13.0 83 7.0 72 8.0 391 10. 0 75 4.1 25 2.1 20 2.2 120 3.1 138 7.6 93 7.8 88 9.8 319 8.2 1,817 100.0 1,187 100.0 895 100.0 3,899 100.0 Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries Caistruction Manufacturing - Durable Goods - Nondurable Goods Retail Trade Other Professional Services Public Admi.n. Total SOURCE: 1980 Census - STF3A . -39- r'\ ....... �··- ► ~ - ·1) ' . .---.. -- J ·- . ···-~ t . ,.,, . . ., ;I 7 l~ .; ~ --.1 ~ TABLE 20 TRI COUNTY REGION PROJECTED POPULATION, INCOME AND EMPLOYMENT 1980-2005 Actual 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 406,811 -3.08 421,743 3.67 429,379 1.81 438,164 2.04 446,183 1.83 406,811 -3.08 405,522 -0.32 412,865 1.81 421,312 2.05 429,022 1.83 20.20 19.22 -4.85 19.21 -0.05 18.75 -2.39 18.00 -4.00 17.24 -4.22 35,436 33,072 -6.67 31,215 -5.62 28,018 -10.24 25,805 -7.90 23,360 -9.47 Retail % change* 26,535 27,484 3.58 29,119 5.95 30,408 4.43 31,474 3.51 32,535 3.37 Government 48,267 43,371 -10.14 44,225 1.97 44,607 0.86 44,686 0 .18 44,762 0.17 88,552 88,711 0 .18 95,152 7.26 100,294 5.40 105,522 5.21 110,625 4.84 198,790 192,639 -3.09 199,710 3.67 203,326 1.81 207,486 2.05 211,283 1.83 Population High % change* 419,750 - Estimated Low % change* Total Personal Income (1972 $)** % change* Employment I ""' 0 I Manufacturing % change* % change* Other % change* Total % change* * % change from previous period ** hundred million dollars Source : Tri-County Regional Planning Commission, "Work Paper 116, Assumptions and Equations for Employment Projectsions (1985-2005) ," July 1984. ·; " I �Family Income Family income is an important barometer of the economic well being of an area. Family income may be analyzed best in two ways, via median household income data and by distribuiton by income categories. Median Family Income - Table 21 indicates 1970 and 1980 median family incomes of Eaton Rapids, surrounding townships, Eaton County and the three county region. TABLE 21 MEDIAN FAMILY INCOMES - 1970-1980 1970 1980 Eaton Rapids $10,210 $21,727 112.8 Eaton Rapids Township $10,633 $25,360 13-8.5 Hamlin Township $ 9,420 $22,069 134.3 Eaton County $11,423 $24,574 115.1 Reg ion $11,213 $23,278 107.6 SOURCE: % Increase Reg ion IIIA; 1980 Census STF3A Table 21 indicates that the City's median family income was the second lowest of the five jurisdictions in 1970 and by 1980 was the lowest, with Hamlin Township's median household income surpassing the City's. The Eaton Rapids area as a whole, however, enjoyed a greater increase in median family income levels over the 1970-1980 period than either the County or Region. It is also useful to compare median family incomes in Eaton Rapids with such incomes in surrounding communities of comparable size. All of the cities in Table 22 had 1980 populations of between 4,000 and 8,500. -41- �TABLE 22 MEDIAN FAMILY INCOMES - COMPARABLE CITIES Median Family Income Poeulation 1980 1970 Eaton Rapids St. Johns Mason Grand Ledge Charlotte Average (unweighted) SOURCE: 4,494 6,669 5,467 6,033 8,242 4,510 7,376 6,019 6,920 8,251 % 1970 $10,210 $11,357 $10,656 $11,175 $10,025 $10,685 1980 $21,727 $22,726 $21,744 $21,668 $19,599 $21,493 Increase 112.8 100.1 104.0 93.9 95.5 101.3 Tri County Regional Planning Commission; 1980 Census of Population As displayed in Table 22, Eaton Rapids had the second lowest median family income among comparable cities in 1970. By 1980, however, the City had experienced the largest growth rate in family incomes among these communities and actually had the third highest median family income. The survey questionnaire asked respondents for household income ranges. The results indicate that, areawide the largest single group of respondents earn between $10,000 to $20,000 annually. In Hamlin Township and the City, 21 percent and 20.8 percent, respectively, of the respondents had incomes in that range, while only 15. 7 percent of Eaton Rapids Township residents declared incomes in that range. The City has the highest proportion of residents earning less than $10,000 and over 53 percent of its respondents say they have household income of less than $30,000. At the same time, only 37.3 percent of Eaton Rapids Township respondents and 34.6 percent of Hamlin Township residents report income of less than $30,000. Assuming the survey results are indicative of the entire population, residents of the City therefore tend to have lower incomes than their counterparts in the townships. That conclusion is also verified in Table 21. Retail Trade Retail trade is an important segment of Eaton Rapids' economy, although it has decreased over the past decade as a result of substantial competition from suburban shopping malls in the Lansing, Jackson and Battle Creek areas. In 1984, the City commissioned a downtown redevelopment plan that included an analysis of the City's retail market area. In the process of putting that plan together, a survey questionnaire was distributed to local residents in communities -42- �-' ··- i I considered to be part of the Eaton Rapids area of retail influence. Map 4 depicts the outline of that market area. Most of the residents of that area do not do most of their comparison (major appliances, automobiles, etc.) or even convenience (groceries, hardware, gasoline, etc. ) shopping in Eaton Rapids. These people may occasionally be drawn to Eaton Rapids to make a particular major purchase or because of a special sale. This is also the same general area in which the weekly shopping guide is distributed. Eaton Rapids is, however, a major shopping area, especially for convenience i terns, for residents of the City and Eaton Rapids and Hamlin Township. The 1984 Market Study identified this primary market area as the area that is covered by the Eaton Rapids' postal zip code (see Map 5). The following analysis of the Market Area's population is an except from the 1984 redevelopment plan: Eaton Rapids Area Composition Analysis: More than half of the residents in the Eaton Rapids Zip Code have above average or high spending potential. About one-quarter have below average spending potential, principally blue collar households of average income. The following population categories in the Eaton Rapids Zip Code merit special attention in terms of marketing, sales and advertising. Average Education, Two Income Households, Homes Built in the 60's and 70's: 2,726 people or 21 percent of the Eaton Rapids Area are in this category. These people have high purchasing potential and are attracted by convenient (evening) store hours due to the high incidence of two-paycheck households. Young, Married Homeowners, with Larger Families and Children: 3,854 people or 29.6 percent of the Eaton Rapids area is in this category. The median age of adults in this group is 34.0 or 39.9 years and between 49.0 and 50.4 percent of households have children. In addition, 80 percent of this group are homeowners. Generally, this group of people is attracted by events and sales promotions involving children. Although they have above average purchasing potential, they generally seek wholesome, inexpensive entertainment for the family. Moreover, they are likely to attend church on at least a semiregular basis. They are likely to have discretionary income for shopping at specialty stores and crafts shops. These people are often attracted by good general merchandise stores where school supplies, hardware and similar items are available. Based upon the consumer surveys, these people do -43- -, I ) �,--~ ] __,- 7 ,r i f< I I I :[ I j : ! : .I. i l I ~l I I • \ Lf ,·' '' i, i . ,I :~ t - I-96 ,, , , , "'I "' ~ CHARLOTTE, ,, , , , ' I I _ . _ _j~ ' I I I I POTTERVILLF., I J l -- - ~ I '--t. '' \ ~ ,,,, I I EATON RAPIDS l L - ·7 '\ \ 1 MASON I \ \ ''• ' •ILESLIE ' ' I I I I I - - --I I l I-94 JACKSON l I I l Il- l r-N rl - - _____...,___ __l en :=> ·1 '-------------------------------------EATON RAPIDS COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN MAP 4 RETAIL MARKET AREA EATON RAPIDS Gove Associates Inc. -44- �r •. w ,, i . i ~. aw.nn::a:a:a I I L' _:::z H .:- -:--:;--L--....,. 4 ·' · ~~ 1 • L.. \' ~ g·: ; .~ !' •: I ,. 1 I ·" "ii · \• ~ ~ ,-== ,, ,..., __ :-• ,· EATON RAPIDS COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN MAP 5 POSTAL ZIP CODE AREA EATON RAPIDS (48827) Gove Associates Inc. -45==; ~ �i ; '. !' ' r .., j' L.....e I l . most of their comparison shopping at regional malls in the Lansing area. There, sho[)ping, eating and perhaps attending a movie, create an entire day of entertainment. Although many of these people will visit downtown to feed the ducks or walk around the island, there is not enough attraction to hold their interest. Events that entail par tic ipa tion . f ram schools and contests involving children are typically most successful in changing these persons' perceptions about downtown and in ultimately altering their shopping patterns. Blue Collar Workers, with Children, Homeowners in Rural Areas: 3,087 or 23. 7 percent of the Eaton Rapids Zip Code is in this category. Eight out of every 10 of these households are homeowners and about half have children. In addition, more than 40 percent are blue collar households. These people, who have average purchasing potential, buy fewer expensive goods than the previously described category and they have little discretionary income for S[)ecialty store items, including meat and fish markets, bakeries and expensive crafts shol?S. Cultural events and art shows generally do not attract this group of people. Rather, they are most often attracted by events involving non-rock music, affordable food and events involving children. Table 23 compares the number and associated sales volumes for different types of retail establishments in the City in 1963 and 1982. -46- �r TABLE 23 •· RETAIL ESTABLISHMENTS AND SALES CITY OF EATON RAPIDS - 1963-1982 1963 1982 Sales Estab. ($11000) lisl'lllents Sales ($11000) Lunber, Building Materials, Hardware 7 $ 640 4 General Merchandise Group 6 216 ll Est.ab- I Change 1963-1982 Estab. Sales $ 990 -42.9 54.7 l (D) -83.3 (D) 2,665 4 13,045 -63.6 389.5 3 1,850 2 (D) -33.3 (Dl Servic:e Stations ll 938 5 6,089 -54.5 549.l Apparel, .Accessories 6 368 2 CD) -66. 7 (D) Furniture, lbne Furnishings l 2 (Dl 100.0 (Dl Eating, Drinking Places 8 9 (D) 12.5 (Dl Drug and Proprietary Stores 2 3 (Dl 50.0 (Dl Miscellaneous Retail 9 10 (D) 11.l (D) Type Food Stores Auto Dealers Gas Total (D) 284 (D) Sil 42 64 -34.4 (Dl Data is suppressed or deleted due to small nUlliler of establishllents in that category. SOORCE: Census of Retail Trade, Michigan; U.S. Departllent of Ccmnerce In 1982, Eaton Rapids was ranked 144th in Michigan for volume of retail sales for places of 2,500 or more inhabitants. This put Eaton Rapids behind Alma, St. Johns, Charlotte, Ionia, Albion and Mason and ahead of Grand Ledge and DeWitt. The City's total retail sales volume for that year was $35 .1 million ( see Table 24). When compared to those communities in terms of retail sales per capita, however, Eaton Rapids fares well, with $7,873 in sales per person in 1982. A high retail sales per capita does not necessarily mean that the residents of Eaton Rapids spend more in the City then residents of other areas do in their own communities, but quite likely reflects the fact that people living outside of Eaton Rapids spend a portion of their income in Eaton Rapids. That is, the City is a retail center for residents living in outlying areas, even though the number of retail establishments in the City decreased between 1963 and 1982. · -47- •I �. .: '· . TABLE 24 VOLUME OF RETAIL SALES STATEWIDE RANKIN3 FOR PLACES OF 2,500 OR MORE (Selected Areawide Cities of Comparable Size to Eaton Rapids) 1982 City Alma St. Johns Charlotte Ionia Albion Mason Eaton Rapids I'' SOURCE: Sales ($1,000) 73,615 64,337 62,482 50,195 39,133 37,928 35,135 Rank Estimated 1982 Population Sales Per Capita 81 89 92 111 138 140 144 9,511 7,454 8,430 5,933 10,820 6,166 4,463 $7,740 8,631 7,412 8,462 3,617 6,151 7,873 U.S. Department of Commerce - 1982 Census of Retail Trade By 1984, the number of retail establishments in Eaton Rapids consisted of 24 miscellaneous retail outlets, seven automotive establishments, three food and grocery stores and nine restaurants and taverns for a total of 43 retail establishments, which is consistent with the 1982 Census of Retail Trade tabulation. In 1982, 345 paid employees were working in retail establishments in the City. The Eaton Rapids, Hamlin and Eaton Rapids township survey responses indicated a general dissatisfaction with the current mix and lack of variety of stores in the downtown area. This reaction may be based on a negative perception of downtown Eaton Rapids compared to what is available in suburban shopping malls in Lansing and Jackson. There appears to be a concern among local residents regarding the rate of turnover of new businesses in the downtown area. This turnover can be attributed to a lack of business volume which in turn is due to the inability of the downtown area to compete effectively with newer, more modern retail facilities and merchandising techniques in larger urban areas. The key to downtown Eaton Rapids success as a retail center will lie in its ability to find and establish an appropriate 'niche' in the area's retail and service market, which will require structural (physical) alterations and improvements and new or different organization and merchandising techniques. -48- �r State Equalized Valuation The State Equalized Valuation on real property is very important to a community since it is the basis for local property tax revenues, one of the primary sources of revenue to meet government expenses. Equalized Value Equalized value is a barometer of the economic activity occurring in an area. Equalized value reflects market value of real property and hence a comparison of equalized values of real property classifications over time will indicate the relative strengths of the various types of property in the community. Table 25 displays the change in real property values and number of parcels for each major property type for the planning area over a 10 year period between 1978 and 1987 The table shows that, compared to surrounding townships, the City's equalized valuation for all real property grew at a relatively slow rate. The townships also created a larger number of new parcels than did the City. Residential valuation increased more than any other property class, commensurate with the rather large increase in the number of residential parcels. In 1978, the average residential parcel had an assessed value of $8,478, or a true cash value of $16,957. By 1987, that average valuation increased to $17,455, or a true cash value of $34,910. Residential property valuation in Eaton Rapids Township increased from $11,192 per property to $23,571 per parcel, and in Hamlin Township the average assessment per residential parcel increased from $6,562 to $20,000. The number of commercial parcels in the City increased only slightly over that 10 year period. In addition, only three commercial properties were added to the township's tax rolls. Of all property classifications in the planning area, commercial parcels and commercial assessments showed the lowest rate of growth. In 1978, the City's tax levy for municipal operations (including general operation, parks and sanitary landfill) was 13. 75 mills. At an assessed valuation of $17,116,400 for real property, the City collected $235,350 from its local real property base, representing 10. 2 percent of the City's total budget of $2,313,291. In 1987, the City was operating at 10.6557 mills (for general operations and parks) with a real property assessed valuation of $34,975,600, capturing $372,690 from real property taxes, or 8.4 percent of the City's total budget of $4,447,620. ~ - -49- �t I ~Agriculture No. of Parcels I I l~i,-,- EATON RAPIDS REAL PROPER' $ -• ~r- s-1-::,E % .... .,...,, , ..... 55.5 6 $ 0 0 ~: .:AL}_.:,.) Paton Rapids 'lbwnship Paton Ra_eids lJl 0 J _._... ...... _ - J..., ,..,,, .... ., .... , - Vt·~~ ES t •• .i 'J Hamlin 'lbwnshi_e % ·-- ... .,,_ - ... ., ... , '),, ·1 I 'lbtal Area % •--.- _.,, ·- .... .,..,, _.......... % ...,_ $4,208.0 273 $8,792.2 281 108.9 2.9 $2,588.7 294 $8,220 . 0 313 217.5 6.5 $6,852.2 573 $17,012.2 594 148.3 3.7 Coomercial No. of Parcels 3,210.1 173 5,256.1 177 63.7 2.3 287.4 14 414.6 15 44.3 7.1 84.5 20 282.1 22 233.0 10.0 3,582.0 207 5,952.8 214 66.2 3.4 Industrial No. of Parcels 1,472.5 21 2,158.1 35 46.6 66.7 87.9 7 142.8 8 62.5 14.3 87 . 6 3 84.5 5 -3.5 67.0 1,648.0 31 2,385.4 48 44.7 54.8 Residential No. of Parcels 12,378.4 1,460 27,561.5 1,579 122.7 8.2 7,946 . 0 710 22,840.4 969 187.4 36.5 3,510.6 535 14,179.9 409 303.9 32.5 23,835.0 2,705 64,581.8 3,257 171.0 20.4 23.8 16 114 31.0 Exempt No . of Parcels Total No. of Parcels SOURCE: 63 $17,116.5 1,723 78 $34,975.7 1,869 IDcal Equalized Valuation Analysis 104.3 8.5 $12,529.3 1,020 27 $32,190.0 1,300 68.8 8 156.9 $6,271.4 860 27.5 9 $22,766.5 758 12.5 263.0 23.0 87 $35,917.2 3,603 $89,932.2 4,227 150.4 17.2 �r- Table 26 depicts tax levies for cities of comparable ·size for 1978 and 1987. The S.E.V. in the table represents total real and personal property. Eaton Rapids has the lowest millage of all the cities identified and experienced the largest decrease in millage C-22.5%) between 1978 and 1987. City residents and businesses also paid the second lowest total tax rate (58.27 mils), although the total millage increased by almost 10 percent over the 10 year period - the third highest growth rate among the cities analyzed. ~ - I Table 27 displays the actual personal and real property tax by those municipalities in 1978 and 1987. In 1978, Eaton Rapids had the second lowest property tax revenue and by 1987, the City's property tax revenue was the lowest of the seven municipalities, due to the combination of its relatively low S.E.V. and tax rate. TABLE 27 ·CITY TAX LEVIES - 1978-1987 Estimated Population 1987 1978 City Taxes 1978 Taxes 1987 Taxes Population % % Chan:Je Chan:Je ~ Charlotte 8,250 8,880 $ 943,478 $1,129,302 19.7 7.6 DeWitt 2,674 3,556 229,894 451,514 96. 4 33.0 Eaton Rapids 4,506 4,526 318,036 422,982 33.0 0.4 Grand I.ed:_;;e 6,743 7,258 522,686 930,101 77.9 7.6 Mason 5,909 6,534 397,431 816,879 105.5 10.6 Ionia 6,008 5,970 423,765 726,952 71.5 -0.6 St. Johns 7,235 7,649 845,526 1,118,348.8 32.3 5.7 SOURCE: State Tax Cornnission, Michigan Departrrent of Treasury, 1978-1987 Gove Associates Populations Estimates; U.S. Census of Population, 1980; Population Estimates (1986) and Per capita Incone for Selected Towns and Townships and Incorporated Places - U.S. Census Bureau; Tri-county Ra;Jion Population Projections -51- ) ; �:· •--. -, l, . ' ~ -. ~ ,.i -~:; ~ - .1 TABLE 26 TAX LEVY - CITIES OF COMPARABLE SIZE 1978-1987 'lttal. 'la>es S.E.V. ($1 100)) O:ll1ty '1aK Rite City '1aK Rite % Ci 1978 Crerld:te 48,383.5 1987 73,188.7 % 1978 1987 51.3 5.50 6.75 9:h:ol '1aK Rite* (MIIS) (MIIS) 1978 1987 15.43 -~.9 32.86 38.~ 1987 Z2.1 19.50 (MIIS) % % 1978 'llDeS ($1.!CXX)) Rite (MIIS} % % 1978 1987 18.4 57.86 61.00 1978 1987 5.6 2,W.5 4,470.4 e W.8 U:witt 15,429.2 34,598.7 124.2 5.70 5.00 1.8 14.~ 13.(6 -12.4 41.45 47.39 14.3 62.(6 f6.24 6.8 957.4 2,291.9 139.4 Eatrn 23,129.8 39,695.0 71..6 5.50 6.75 Z2.1 13.75 1D.f6 -Z2.5 33.78 4l.87 21.0 53.03 58.27 9.9 l,~.6 2,ID.l 00.6 Grarrl I..a:ge :rl.692.0 55,862.7 82.0 5.50 6.75 Z2.1 17.03 16.65 -2.2 39.55 44.16 11.7 62.00 ol.% 8.8 l,~.4 3,774.0 ~-1 Mi9:I1 :r>, ro0.9 59,W.6 94.4 7.94 7.63 -3.9 12.92 13.f6 5.7 38.00 47.15 21.3 59.74 f6.44 11.2 1,837.7 4,092.7 l'Z2.8 Iroia 27,339.3 43,523.0 59.2 5.15 5.25 1.9 15.50 16.70 7.7 35.84 -:Il.32 39.0 47.49 59.27 24.8 1,298.5 2,579.7 ~-i St:. •.J::t-IB 44,501.4 78,625.7 76.7 5.70 5.00 1.8 19.00 14.Z2 -25.2 :ll.33 ~-70 21.0 55.03 %.72 3.1 2,448.9 4,459.9 82.l R:pi.d, I U1 N I *School TaX Rate includes local public school and internediate school district rates SCXJOCE: State Tax Conmission, Michigan I:epartnent of Treasury, 1978-1987 ,. ' ] �.... Synopsis l Economic development is the key factor in community growth and the quality of life available to local residents. Employment, family income, retail sales and property valuation, all reflect the viability of the areawide and the community's economy. Eaton Rapids' economy is healthy in terms of personal incomes and employment opportunities available to local residents. That condition is, however, tempered by the relatively lower incomes of the City's residents when compared to the surrounding townships and the fact that most residents of the area are employed outside of the area, primarily in Lansing. Total retail sales in Eaton Rapids are not at the level of other ,comparably sized communities in the general Lansing area and that is reflected in the slow growth in the total number of new commercial establishments. Retail sales per capita, however, indicate that the City is still a viable center of commercial activity for City residents and those living outside the City. Property valuations are increasing at a slower rate than in the surrounding townships. However, that is to be expected because of the relatively developed character of the City compared to the amount of undeveloped land in the surrounding townships. The city's relatively low total tax levy, while not maximizing local revenues for municipal capital improvements and operating costs, does potentially help to create a more favorable business climate. In essence, the City's economy is a mixed picture, with the Lansing area providing the major resource for local employment, and with a continuing growth in new households in the City's surrounding townships, which could potentially help to increase retail activity in Eaton Rapids. The nucleus appears to be in place for expanded commercial activity in the future. -53- J rr---- I1 ~ '· I �r· '; .' I : ·• ' .. ,. l. SECTION VI ! ' -• EXISTING LAND USE AND NATURAL RESOURCES �...... ' ., EXISTIN'.i LAND USE AND NATURAL RESOURCES Introduction Any decisions that impact upon or change the physical development of the City must be done in the framework of existing development. Residential, commercial, ind us trial and other land use patterns will greatly influence such decisions. Of all the data required for the Comprehensive Development Plan, the study of existing land use has perhaps the widest variety of applications. Following are some of the basic applications of the analysis of existing land use that local officials may find useful: defines principal traffic generators. can be used to estimate municipal services. existing needs for shows areas and particular locations of incompatible land uses. provides an understanding of physical features and their relationship to the development of various land uses. can be used in the day-to-day zoning and subdivision review. problems of Along with the relationship of various land uses within the planning area, the strengths and weaknesses of land use patterns will be analyzed. Major problems in land development, including drainage, destruction of scenic areas, strip commercial development, and other natural and man-made problems will be identified. On the other hand, inherent positive resources, such as woodlands and scenic areas, will also be discussed. I .. In collecting information to be used in developing this plan, the Planning Commission conducted a survey of all structures and vacant lands within the City during the summer of 1987. This information, combined with aerial photography from 1985, provides a composite of the planning area's existing land use mix. Natural Resources The specific land uses of any area are often determined, in a large part, by the existing natural resources. This includes factors such as topography, soil types, climate, -54- �vegetation, groundwater, and wildlife. Because Eaton Rapids is a part of a much larger area - i.e., Eaton County and the south-central region of the State - many of its features are similar to the surrounding areas, and may be dealt with in general terms (i.e. climate). Other resources, such as wetlands and forest areas, are much more specific to various parts of the City, and can be mentioned independently. I The City of Eaton Rapids covers approximately three square miles, with a fairly level topography throughout. The Grand River runs through the center of the City, with Spring Brook branching from it. The residential portions of the City are located around a central business district, and there are dispersed woodlots, wetlands, and agricultural areas toward its periphery. i Soils ,I An important consideration when determining the use of land in most areas are the various soil types available. Soils, and their various associations, are related to geology, land forms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area. Each soil type and/or association has defined limitations for specific types of development, and is, in turn, reflected in the analysis and establishment of the land use plan. Eaton Rapids has eight different soil types, primarily consisting of the Boyer Series (approximately 50% of the City). The following table describes each soil type and their limitations. TABLE 28 SOILS IN EATON RAPIDS AND THEIR LIMITATIONS Type Boyer wamy Sand Boyer Sandy IDain Cohoctah Fine Sandy IDain Gilford Sandy IDain Houghton Mucle OWosso-Marlette Sandy I.Dams Shoals-Sloan wasepi Sandy SOURCE: I.Dams IDain Shallow Excavations Dwellings Without Basements Dwellings With Baserrents Severe Severe M:rlerate M:rlerate Slight Slight Slight M:rlerate M:rlerate M:rlerate Severe Severe Severe Severe Severe Severe Severe Severe Severe Severe Severe Severe Severe Severe Severe Slight Severe Severe M:rlerate Severe Severe Slight Severe Severe M::xierate Severe Severe M:rlerate Severe Severe Soil Survey of Eaton County, Michigan · -55- IJ:Jcal Small Comercial Roads & Buildings Streets �L j ,. ... .., I Of those soils listed, the Boyer series is generally best for residential and commercial development. This is consistent with much of the existing land use in the City, as the residential and commercial areas are concentrated primarily on the Boyer soils. Most other areas are suitable only for agriculture. Although some building on these soils may be possible, it generally is restricted to residential developments in limited areas. '·; . Topography L 'l. . .. ( The topography of the City is representative of the county and surrounding areas in general. The relatively flat land varies only from a low point of 871 feet above sea level at Main and State Streets, to a high of 928 feet above sea level in the northwest corner of the City (Kemler and Dexter Roads). Generally, elevations range around 880 to 900 feet above sea level. The lower elevations tend to be centralized in the City, primarily where the Grand River and Spring Brook intersect to form the Central Business District Island. This is also the area of highest commercial density. Moving outward toward the periphery produces higher elevations, but also larger open areas used for residential and agriculture purposes. Some quarrying and mining, along with wetland areas, do exist on the west side of the City, resulting in lower elevations in these locations. Water r 'I j • The Grand River enters the City from the southeast (Hamlin Township), and flows toward Lansing to the northeast (Eaton Rapids Township). The river runs through the City from the south to the north, on the eastern side of the Central Business District. Spring Brook, which is a tributary of the Grand River, branches off east of North Main Street toward the southwest. This effectively leaves a portion of the Central Business District on an island surrounded by Spring Brook on the north and the west, the Grand River on the east, and a channel between the two on the south. The Grand River has two islands east of the Central Business District, the largest (Island Park) which acts as a focal point in the City and a linkage to the downtown. Map 6 is a copy of the Flood Insurance Rate Map for the City (October, 1982). Shown on the map are areas containing the 100 and 150 year flood boundaries. Primarily, flooding in the Grand River is during the winter and spring, although heavy summer thunderstorms may also cause flooding. I-, -56- �~ EATON RAPIDS COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN MAP 6 100 YEAR FLOOD AREA CITY OF EATON RAPIDS Gove Associates Inc. -57- �Three dams, which act as flood protection measures and electrical generation backwater retension, are located Grand River. Two are positioned below the Knight Bridge and impound water for Island Park. The third at State Street, and a diversion canal to Spring Brook a hydroelectric plant in the City. hydroin the Street dam is serves I _ r-• 1 ;I -. 't -f • L.' One mile southeast of Eaton Rapids is the Smithville Dam, which is also used for hydroelectric generation. This facility is the main source of flood control for the City, while only one of the smaller dams in the City can be opened to send water downstream in case of severe high water. The following zones apply to the Flood Insurance Rate Map 6 (Flood Insurance Study, City of Eaton Rapids). ZONE EXPLANATION A Areas of 100-year flood; base flood elevations and flood hazard factors not determined. AD Areas of 100-year shallow flooding where depths are between one Cl) and three (3) feet; average depths of inundation are shown, but no flood hazard factors are determined. AH Areas of 100-year shallow flooding where depths are between one Cl) and three (3) feet; base flood elevations are shown, but no flood hazard factors are determined. A-l-A30 Areas of 100-year flood; base flood elevations and flood hazard factors determined. A99 Areas of 100-year flood to be protected by flood protection system under construction; base flood elevations and flood hazard factors not determined. B Areas between limits of the 100-year flood and 500year flood; or certain areas subject to 100-year flooding with average depths less than one (1) foot or where the contributing drainage area is less than one square mile; or areas protected by leaves from the base flood. (Medium shading) C Areas of minimal flooding. -58- (No shading) �Climate Because Eaton Rapids is inland within the State, the influence of the Great Lakes' is small. Lake Michigan's most noticeable influence is increased cloudiness, which moderates the minimum temperature during cold spells late in the fall and early in the winter. The City's climate is continental. Daily, seasonal, and annual temperature changes recorded at weather stations in the county (e.g. at Charlotte) are larger than those recorded at stations at a similar latitude near the Great Lakes. Because the day-to-day weather is controlled largely by the movement of pressure systems across the nation, prolonged periods of hot, humid weather in summer, and extreme cold in winter, are seldom experienced. Temperatures will range from an average daily low of 14°F in January, to 84 °F in July. The annual average in the County is 58.8°F for a high, and 36.4°F for a low. Precipitation averages approximately majority falling in June (almost 4"). 32" a year, with the Eaton Rapids will also receive approximately 68 days a year which have at least one inch or more of snow cover. Vegetation When areas around Eaton Rapids were first settled, lumbering was second in importance to farming. Several forest types occurred on soils of certain similar characteristics. The moderately coarse textured, well drained soils - such as the Boyer - supported oak-hickory type forests that locally included beech, sugar maple, elm, ash, and walnut. The finer textured, well drained and moderately well drained soils such as Owosso-Marlette - supported maple-beech type forests. Another hardwood forest type occurred on the somewhat poorly drained, and very poorly drained mineral soils such as Gil£ ord. Here, elm, ash, so£ t maple, hickory, and swamp white oak have been the dominant species. Only a few woodlots of second growth timber remain, mostly on the poorly drained mineral soils. This second growth timber is about the same as the original vegetation. Many areas which have been pastured support a thorny undergrowth. The tree coverage which does exist in the City is relatively scattered. The largest groupings occur in the north along the City boundaries, in the southeast at the Grand River as it comes into the City from Hamlin Township, and in the southwest at the Spring Brook-Hobart Drain area and extending up into the central-western portion of the City. -59- ·,I �Land Use Classifications r \ , A classification of land uses is necessary to insure a common understanding of the material presented. Land use can be grouped into major categories such as residential, commercial, industrial, open land uses and others. However, these categories are not precise enough for planning purposes and further division of the major categories is necessary. The following is a description of the various land use classifications used in this plan. Residential This indicates an area in which dwellings with their accessory buildings occupy the major portion of the land and including the following subcategories: Single-Family Residential - An area in which a singlefamily dwelling unit and its accessory buildings are located. Duplex - A building containing two separate quarters for occupancy by two households. living Multiple-Family - An area in which there are three or more dwelling units per residential structure or lot, consisting primarily of apartments. Mobile Homes - Year-round or seasonal mobile homes. Commercial These uses are land areas, with or without structures, where goods are distributed or personal business services are provided, including the retail sale of goods and services to local residents and highway oriented uses. Offices This category would include such uses as professional offices, real estate offices, banks and insurance companies. Public and Quasi-Public Land areas and facilities which are available to or used by all of the people within a particular service area, such as schools, libraries and government buildings, are in this category. Also included in this classification are areas and buildings which are used by a limited number of persons with particular interest and nonprofit organizations. They are uses such as churches, clubs and other activities. -60- �Recreation and Open Space .I This category includes land areas with or without structures that cater to the recreation needs of the public. Such land uses include parks, recreation areas and similar uses. I _} Warehousing and Storage This classification applies to land areas which are used for the open storage of materials, such as concrete block, coal, junk cars or other waste materials, or enclosed storage areas, such as storehouses, depots or other warehousing. Manufacturing and Utility Plants Manufacturing includes land areas with or without buildings where new or semif inished material is processed, fabricated and/or manufactured. Utilities include both public and private uses for providing general utility services, such as electric power stations, gas regulator stations and other facilities of this nature. Transportation This category is comprised of all dedicated surface rightsof-way, includin~ highways and railroads, which are used for the movement of people and goods and parking areas. Agricultural Land This classification is applied principally to land areas used for crop land, permanent pasture land and land lying fallow but which indicates cultivation at an earlier date. Due to the variations in the agricultural practices of farmers in terms of land cultivation, this classification is flexible for specific parcels. Vacant Land Vacant land is land not used for any purpose heretofore listed in built-up areas or undeveloped portions of the planning area and includes scrub areas and vacant lots within built-up subdivisions. -61- ' .I �Analysis of Land Use Patterns '' ... The land use categories as defined above were used in mapping the results of the field survey as shown on Map 7. The map is a generalization of the various patterns of land use within the City as of the summer of 1987. The purpose of the map is not to show every detail of development within the area. Instead, land uses that display similar characteristics are grouped into categories. Patterns are thus discernible and analysis is made possible. An acreage summary of the land uses is presented in Table 29. During the _summer of 1987, the Eaton Rapids Planning Commission conducted a "windshield" survey of land uses within the City. The purpose of that survey was to obtain a current inventory of the type, location and condition of the primary structures on each lot, excluding the Central Business District. The Central Business District was excluded, as recent data on the CBD was available from other sources. Using vehicles, the Planning Commission surveyed structures in all other sectors of the City, denoting the use of primary structure (residential, commercial, office, industrial, church, etc.), the number of stories in that structure and the general condition (good, deteriorated or dilapidated) of the structure. This data was then transferred from field maps to a composite base map to establish a comprehensive overview of existing land uses. Map 2 reflects the results of this survey relative to structural condition. The composite base map was compared to a 1985 aerial photograph of the City and adjusted accordingly. The result is the existing land use map (Map 7). The procedure used on conducting the land use survey is identified in more detail in Appendix A. -62- �I'.:"""\ ; TABLE 29 EXISTIOO LAND USE EATON RAPIDS, MICHIGAN - 1967, 1987 Acreage land Use Residential Single-Family Multiple Residential 1967 1987 332 487 16.0 23.5 330* 469 13.5 22.6 2 17 0.1 0.8 Duplex Canrercial Office Public and Quasi-Public Percent of Total 1967 1987 1 0.01 31 38 1.5 1.8 2 7 0.1 0.3 112 134* 5.4 7.9 Recreation and Open Space 22 54 1.1 1.2 warehousing and Storage 17 19 0.9 0.9 Manufacturing 44 50 2.1 2.4 Transportation 229 229 11.0 11.1 1,198 969 58.0 46.8 water 85 85 4.1 4.1 Total 2,072 2,072 100.0 100.0 Agriculture an Vacant *Includes duplex units. **Includes 58.7 acres general public/semi-public, 30.l acres schools, 42.4 acres cemetery, 2.6 acres public parking. SOURCE: 1969 Eaton Rapids Comprehensive Plan; Gove Associates Inc. Estimates (1987) -63- . ,-__ : �J ~) Ii\• ~ > • > ',,~. > • > > " > eu w ~~ , ,;,;/ I I 1)' , 1 . . F,; ~1 J.il•t>=::tcu:: I • •• -, I ~--1 1 ~ .. •IL.~~iflll~~~ll lf~;~ I,I~i•~n - " 'CC[ . - . . •• . ~ I i rmr-r,.rrr:rrr--i L";-··, ...r.,- I !a&~ · ·. ~~1/U'.~..; ~!-,i. ;~C~ I -i ~ ffl ! -,,,n,-,,-, ,-,,,:,--,-·11.--, '--- • ~ r ·«.f' ,--_ ~~~~~ . ·,.· -- . . ~ □ • ~- • \ =-~•.• ., '/•, ~t...,,:-w~~ifm~ r~~ . -~- ~~- · --~;. ' -:71#Jlfl~E(~rl_L :~,;..~ ,., .,.. • . ·, ~ 1• . '..J~ .• - - - - ~ ~; , j;)' . , ti • • 1 - 'i='i!i~ I~ : •· ': • ... E-~ ,.if/ ~ ;~~ I • /ifJil " ,-.- '- > I I~•..,;• ~ •. ej'i•fro•.. :>'.! I, . J; •'·• ...:I t.o1. :':,.;;; ',;..~., er ,; . •~ ~-. - :==:~ . . 6 -~ >: . _. ..·.~- ,~. ,. ~~ .. '<. :• • ·!, '. . ' .---·'-:- _; • . ., 6 •• '•.. --..-.,.~- .. . • '• // ~• ' 1'/;l~!I#j,._.. ISi .i,I: a, ,>.,__ t----------, :~·u·. l ~1t1·~~-: □ !~ I . . .·••:!! '·-)~·• & :f s I IIElil! ~~ !~~~;-1h~·:r:.--cp - ' · I . ·· "', ,, i -,mTwo• - •• - , • "" ;,...-or .. ✓- I / ..• N ! .. .. 0) I ,.ft" t'',.~ • I ' ij ~I EATON RAPIDS COMPREHENSIVE PLAN I O'I ~ I MAP 7 EXISTING LAND USE EATON RAPIDS legend □ Residential Retail Cannercial ~ W:lrehouse Q School lS) Office l!l!llllffiPublic Facility T Manufacturing ·~·f.'~.....~ {!iJ.':t;.~'<t Park/Recreation t .,~.'-') \_r .., ,. ~ ~" ~ Off-Street Parking i::o;o::o::o::o:o:; .. • :::::::;::::::: !bsp1 tal •,.o,.o,..o,..o.,o ,. o...,o @ I Gove Associates Inc. �Residential Single-Family Residential I \ • ' i ; Within Eaton Rapids, 469 acres or 22.6 percent of the City's area is devoted to single-family use ( see Map 8). Three distinct areas of single-family use are discernible. One area is in the northwest part of the City. Another is to the south of Spring Brook and to the west of the Grand River. The third area is to the east of the Grand River. The first residential area is divided by major highways, M-99 and M-50. This has fragmented residential development so that a cohesive neighborhood has not developed. Mixing of commercial and industrial land uses in this area has tended to downgrade single-family development. Some single-family homes within this area are substandard. ' ' .. ' The second residential area is also divided by several major transportation arteries. South Main Street (M-50 and M-99) and Water Street (M-188) create an east-west division. Furthermore, the prevalence of small blocks with alleys causes a disproportionally large acreage in transportation facilities. A mixture of land uses occurs in Area II. Commercial uses have located along South Main Street and warehousing and storage has located along the former railroad. As in Area I, some single-family homes are substandard and this area will become more deteriorated unless corrective measures are taken. In the far southwest portion of Area II, new residential areas have developed. The third area, on the east side of the Grand River, is not fragmented by transportation arteries. While State Street di vi des the area into north and south, it also acts as a collector street for residential development. Single-family development to the north of State Street represents early residential development in Eaton Rapids. Most of the single family homes in this area are basically in sound condition, with a few units showing signs of deterioration. A number of multiple family complexes are located in the area. Property on the City's eastern boundary north of State Street has recently been subdivided and is projected to be the area where most new residential development will occur in the near future. • The area south of State Street has both old and new development. Overall, this section of the City has the highest rate of housing in good condition . -65- �•-•-•.:.....•-•-•~--•-• ...,,,..---.~-====-==~~L AREA 111 EATON RAPIDS COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN MAP 8 RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOODS EATON RAPIDS Gove Associates Inc. -66- �Multiple Residential ' , Land area devoted to multiple family housing has increased substantially from two acres to 17 acres between 1967 and 1987. The greatest concentration of such development is in Area III, adjacent to State Street. The high cost of housing coupled with changing lifestyles will create a more intense demand for multiple family housing, consisting of both condominium units and rental apartments. i .• t,j __ Other Residential I • t . Other residential property consists of mobile homes and duplexes. There are an estimated 28 mobile homes in the City, encompassing a total of about five acres. The majority of these units are located within one mobile home park. Most of the City's duplexes are concentrated in Area I and encompass one or two acres of land. Most of the units are older and located next to single-family housing. In addition, nine new duplex units have recently been built in Area III. Mobile homes and duplexes are not uses that conflict directly with single-family housing although they are not necessarily always compatible with single-family housing. By law, however, mobile homes are allowed to be located in 'stickbuil t' single-family areas. A 148-uni t Manufactured Home Community is being planned on Hyatt Street in the southwest part of the City. Commercial These uses in the City represent about 38 acres, an increase of seven acres over 1967. Two separate types of commercial development exist and will be discussed individually. Central Business District This is the core area of the City and encompasses about five acres. Retail stores, offices, entertainment and dining spots and service establishments are congregated in one location. The past several decades have witnessed the general decline of central business districts due primarily to obsolescence, traffic congestion, and shopping center competition. Eaton Rapids' CBD is no exception to the above problem. Obsolesence of the CBD is apparent. The buildings are old and sometimes not cared for, especially the rear of the stores. The back of stores becomes important when Customer parking is to the rear of buildings as it is in Eaton Rapids. Vehicular traffic has ready access to the CBD by Main Street (M-99, M-50). Parking as well as movement of vehicles are primary considerations in a CBD. Parking is essential. The -67- �west side of Main Street has parking lots behind the stores fronting on Main Street, as well as a parking lot off of Hall Street. The east side of Main Street has less parking behind stores. Also, the loading and unloading of trucks may cause a problem on the east side of Main Street since alleys are narrow and parking does not abut all stores. The Eaton Rapids CBD has one major physical advantage that up to the present has been largely ignored. This natural asset is water. The Central Business District is virtually an island. The only effort to attract shoppers to the CBD has been the redesign and landscaping on Hamlin Street between Main Street and Island Park. For the most part, businesses have turned their back to the water and fronted onto Main Street. Island Park provides an excellent beginning in developing a scenic area in conjunction with the CBD. Further emphasis should be placed on integrating existing and potential park areas with the CBD. There is currently an effort underway to redevelop the block north of Knight Street, including the old Horner property on the corner of Main and Canal as a central market place emphasizing the river. Done properly, the redevelopment can act as a major emphasis for commercial growth downtown. Non CBD Commerical In every city, there are commercial uses that are not located in the Central Business District. These uses include gas stations, motels, drive-in eating establishments, and similar commercial uses that rely on passing motorists as their customers and locate along major highways. Such uses are found along South Main Street, Dexter Road, and Michigan Street Call state trunklines). Unless properly controlled, commercial developments along major highways can create several problems. These commercial establishments cause turning movements onto and off the highway. Such movements conflict with through traffic, slowing the traffic and creating a safety hazard. Service roads and limitation of driveway permits would minimize this problem. If not properly controlled, such commercial development can have a depressing effect on contiguous residential land. Adequate buffering from residential development is necessary. Warehousing and Storage This land use is primarily located in relation to industries and the abandoned Penn Central Rail Line. Approximately 19 acres are devoted to such use. When storage is located along with industry, the effect upon the remainder of the community is negligible. However, when warehousing and storage mixes -68- > ; I ,I �with residential property, as it does in Eaton Rapids, particularly in Area I, then it causes a deteriorating influence on residential homes. To prevent further deterioration, warehousing and storage should be removed and relocated in the City's Industrial Park, or buffered from residential areas. Greenbelts or ornamental fencing should be provided to protect the property values of surrounding residential development. Manufacturing and Utility Plants I , l. The City of Eaton Rapids has 50 acres in industrial use, an additional 6 acres over 1967. The older manufacturing plants have located in the southern portion of the City near the former Penn Central Railroad and new industrial park. The City's industrial park encompasses a total area of 23 .16 acres adjacent to Hamman Road. The site contains an improved entrance road, water and electric service. Approximately nine acres are developed with existing ind us tries, leaving almost 14 one-half acres available for future development. Whenever an industrial area is contiguous to a residential area, an adequate buffer strip, maintained by the industry, should be provided. This also applies to utility transformers in residential areas. Several manufacturing plants are located adjacent to residential subdivisions. Plant traffic uses residential streets as access to the plant and this produces a large volume of traffic on residential streets, creating a traffic hazard. Transportation r. I I " Approximately 229 acres or 11 percent of the City's land area is in transportation use. Transportation uses demand a large proportion of the land area, and if not properly planned, the transportation system can consume valuable land needlessly. The road rights-of-way are the largest single land use in the transportation category. Those areas in Eaton Rapids that were developed around the turn of the century have a high proportion of their area in roads and alleys. The newer residential areas have larger blocks with less of their area in streets and alleys in these areas have been eliminated. Three state highways go through the City. While the poor condition of M-99 north of the CBD is serious, the Michigan Department of Transportation is currently realigning M-99 and M-50 at the corner of Canal and Main Streets to provide a safer intersection. M-99 from this intersection to the north City limits is also being widened to three lanes. -69- �The Grand River, Spring Brook, and the channel connecting them, present a natural barrier to transportation. To unify Eaton Rapids, bridges had to be constructed. Two bridges for vehicular traffic currently cross the Grand River and connect residential development on the east side of the River to the CBD and Main Street on the west side of the River. An additional bridge should be constructed across the Grand River north of the CBD to access the residential areas east of the Grand River. Office Approximately seven acres are devoted to office use, compared to two acres in 1967. The largest share of this total is in the CBD and constitutes bank, insurance and professional offices. Office uses are becoming increasingly important to CBD's since offices attract workers who use the various services in the CBD. Other offices in the City are used in connection with industrial firms and the City's Municipal offices are located in one building on the corner of Hamlin and Main Streets. Public and Quasi-Public These uses represent 7. 9 percent of the City's area or 164 acres. The largest uses are the sewage treatment plant, a cemetery and schools. There are seven churches in the City, covering about 14 acres, with property ranging in area from 6,600 square feet to 10 acres. Public uses, such as schools, the hospital, and municipal offices are further analyzed as to adequacy, location and site size in the Community Facilities Services Section. Churches have historically located wherever church officials desired. In Eaton Rapids most churches are located on local streets in residential areas. Several nuisance factors can be associated with church development. For example, churches generate traffic, especially on Sunday and off-street parking often is inadequate with overflow of parking on Sunday generally occurring on local streets. City officials should insure that church sites are large enough to provide for adequate off-street parking. Recreation and Open Space Such land area is essential to a community. In the City of Eaton Rapids about 54 acres are devoted to such use. (This does not include recreation uses associated with schools). -70- .J �.,... The other developed recreation area is the old athletic field north of Spring Brook. This field is low and marshy and seems best utilized for recreation space. In addition, the marshy areas along the Grand River in the northern part of the City and other wet, lowland areas could become recreation space. l Open land between McArthur River Drive and the Grand River acts as a scenic greenbelt. Similar greenbelt space should be encouraged as much as possible on both sides of the river. l ' Vacant Land ' L Nine hundred sixty-nine acres are in vacant, water or agricultural use. While a small amount of this land is used for agricultural purposes, it can be expected that, with rising property values, agriculture will not long remain a land use within the City. Very little land is forested. Wherever stands of trees do -exist, an effort should be made to preserve them as woodland provides a refreshing contrast to open land. Also, much of the City's area, (85 acres), is water. The natural beauty and recreation value of the river has not been fully realized. Concentrated efforts should be made to integrate water resources with urban development in Eaton Rapids. Synopsis l ' The City of Eaton Rapids may be divided into three distinct single-family residential areas, one on the north and northwest of the Central Business District, one to the south and one to the east. The first two areas evidence a mixture of land uses with commercial and industrial uses interspersed with the residences; the third area has a few nonresidentially related uses and it contains the bulk of the City's newer subdivisions. Apartment development is increasing, especially in the eastern portion of the City. The majority of new residential development is expected to take place in this area. The bulk of the commercial and office uses are concentrated in the Central Business District, which is in need of substantial revitalization to promote a restructuring of its niche in the greater Lansing market. The unique position of the downtown surrounded by water offers a substantial potential as an attractive shopping area. One hundred eighty-eight acres are devoted to public, semipublic, recreation and open space uses. They are discussed in the Community Facilities Study. -71- �Properties bordering the southern segments of Main Street (M-99) are in the process of making the transition from residential to commercial land use, creating potential traffic problems and contributing further to the decline of business in the CBD. Proper designation of land use in this area is a key component of future land use planning. I -, i I warehousing and manufacturing uses are located adjacent to the Central Business District of the City, and on the south side of the City within residential areas. The development of the City's new industrial park on Kinneville Road is a step in the right direction to concentrate industries in an appropriately designed area. Almost half of the City is still vacant, particularly along the northern and eastern perimeters, providing an excellent opportunity to plan for the future development of the City. A large portion of vacant land in the western part of the City is in low lying topography, and susceptible to 100 year flooding. These areas should be set aside for open space or recreation. -72- �I • I I ' ~·-., ''I . t, .;, t . r , I l . - ' i 'l ',• I ' !~ ,.. ' ' SECTION VII STREETS AND ROADS ANALYSIS �, .... STREETS AND ROADS ANALYSIS Existing Conditions : I : ' . { l The primary road in Eaton Rapids is Main Street (M-50/M-99) which bisects the commercial core of the downtown. On the north, the street turns west toward Charlotte (becoming Dexter/M-50), and northeast toward Lansing (Canal; Michigan/M-99). South of the Central Business District, Water Street ( M-18 8) intersects with Main Street and Spicerville Highway and Kinneville Road intersect at the south end of the City. The remainder of the roads are primarily local streets which serve residential neighborhoods. State Street is a primary road on the east side. Road Classifications The network of streets in Eaton Rapids may be defined in a functional hierarchy, by evaluating the size and use of the road, and the land uses it serves. This includes: ' \ . Arterial (e.g. M-99): Relatively high capacity roads which provide unity throughout a contiguous urban area; medium speed/capacity roads for intracommunity travel as well as access to rest of county-wide arterial highway system. Should have minor access control and channelized intersection. Four miles of arterial roads exist within Eaton Rapids. Collector (e.g. State St.): Relatively low speed/low volume street, typically two lanes, for circulation within and between neighborhoods. The roads serve generally short trips and are meant to collect trips from local streets and distribute them to the arterial network. The City currently contains 6.7 miles of collector streets. I • Local Streets (e.g. Leonard St. ) : Low speed/low volume roads which provide direct access to abutting land uses. Nonconducive to through traffic. There are currently 19.95 miles of local streets in the City. It should be noted that M-50, M-99, Michigan/Main, and Water Streets, designated as State trunklines. -73- and M-188 (Dexter, respectively), are �:s 2 '" . I A I1 I l I I I I 1-CITY OF EATON RAPlbS EATON COUNTY, MICHIGAN EATON RAPIDS COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN legend MAP 9 STREET CLASSIFICATIONS ARTERIAL '11.Z ZZZ ZZZZZ COLLECTOR @ ·LOCAL -74- Gove Associates Inc. J �i. ...;. Daily Traffic Volumes Exact 24-hour traffic counts in Eaton Rapids have been somewhat sporadic over the years, as shown on the next page. However, from this we can determine where the majority of traffic is entering and/or leaving the City. This breaks down as: i..: . ; . J. Michigan Street (M-99) South Main Street (M-50/M-99) Dexter Road (M-50) Spicerville Highway Water Street (M-188) 40% 28% 21% 7% 4% Evidently, the Lansing area on the north and Charlotte on the west exhibit the greatest influence on the City of Eaton Rapids. This primarily reflects individuals traveling to and from work, and shopping in the other communities. Map 10 identifies traffic counts in different years, primarily along Main Street . As shown on Table 30, vehicular traffic on major streets have, in general, increased slightly over the part 10-15 years. The most noticeable increase has occurred on Brook Street and on Main Street just north of Hamlin. This would tend to indicate that a greater amount of activity (new construction, more jobs and other attractions) have occurred on the western side of the City. However, it is likely that this has levelled off in the past five years, and more traffic is and will be - generated on the eastern side of the City. New developments in this location and a general tendency for the City to expand in an eastern direction may increase traffic volumes on all streets in this area, although not by a significant amount. With the redevelooment of the Old Horner Woolen Mill site, additional traff i"c will be added to the Canal/Main street area which is already one of the highest traffic volume areas in the City. Sidewalks, Curb and Gutter Except for approximately 2,000 linear feet, the City's streets are essentially paved or seal-coated. Of the approximately 31 miles of streets within the City, approximately 47 percent are improved with curb and gutter. These are primarily located within the older, more established portion of the City, including the Central Business District, the residential area between North River Street and East Street, and north of, and along, Dexter Street, as well as residential areas south of King Street between Water Street -75- �- I ► ~ EATON RAPIDS COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN MAP 10 TRAFFIC COUNTS Gove Associates Inc. -76- �TABLE 30 ' ' VEHICULAR TRAFFIC ON MAJOR STREETS ! ; ' , Vehicle Count for 24 Hr. Period \'.' Vehicle Count for 24 Hr. Period Year Count Taken* % Charge/Yr 3,810 1973 4,362 1986 984 1975 1,447 1982 4.6 7,003 1973 9,695 1986 2.1 11,877 1973 14,596 1986 1.4 1,913 1977 1,828 1982 -.89 M:iin/Hamlin lU,546 1977 13,015 1982 3.8 M:iin/Broa.d 13,783 1973 15,139 1986 .69 M:iin/W. Plain 11,396 1973 11,852 1983 .16 1,171 1973 1,112 1986 -.39 71U 1974 89Y 1986 1.8 ' . Dexter Road r~. Brook Street ( Year Count Taken* .97 . M:iin/Dexter .~· M:iin/Sprin;; Brook I·., , : .... W. Hamlin W3.ter/W. s. W:l.ter *lt>te: SOURCE: Plain Counts not available for sorre years in all locations Michigan Cepartnent of Transportation -77- �r---,. i and Hale Street (see Map 11). The majority of curb and gutters are along collector streets such as State Street, Hall Street and East Street. I '· There are 16.02 miles of sidewalk within the City. As with curb and gutter, the majority of sidewalks are located in the older, more developed portion of Eaton Rapids (see Map 12). While most areas that are improved with sidewalks, contain sidewalks on both sides of the street, there are several streets that have sidewalks on one side. The majority of those streets do not have curb and gutter. In essence, while about 50 percent of the City contains curb and gutter and/or sidewalks, the majority of streets away from the core of the City, and which were built at a later time period, do not have curb gutter and sidewalk improvements. Alternative Transporation Methods Other than by private vehicle, Eaton Rapids only other form of transit is via the EATRAN Public Bus System. Rail service is no longer available in the City, and the closest commercial airport is in Lansing CCapital City Airport) approximately 25 miles north. The small Charlotte municipal airport is 10 miles to the west. The EATRAN system works on a reservation-required basis only. Although residents may be picked up almost anywhere in the City, a one-hour reservation is needed to join a "Dial-A-Ride" route between Eaton Rapids and most adjoining communities. Rides to other outlying areas require a reservation 24 hours in advance, since only one vehicle is allocated for this service. Connections to the Capital Area Transit Authority (CATA) are also offered, which services the greater Lansing Area. In total, EATRAN serves Eaton Rapids with 14 scheduled bus routes daily, although no specific pickup and drop points are provided. Problem Areas The most often cited problem areas for traffic evolve around the core of the downtown. Individuals looking for parking spaces, specific establishments, or simply as through traffic, tend to slow down and add congestion to the overall flow of traffic. If vehicular control devices (stop signs, lights, etc.) are poorly placed, the problems are magnified. Most readily identifiable is the Hamlin/Main Street intersection. Vehicles traveling east on Hamlin have trouble maki~g a left on Main to proceed north. Many residents have asked for a traffic signal in this location, but the number of left turns attempted has not been sufficient for the state to authorize a traffic signal at this time. Another problem area is in the vicinity of the Main Street and Marlin Street intersection, due to left-turn traffic. -78- ( I �l I I , .. ~=--'ii I □ . m.:::===~=::;:::J ' c:5 CJ ________.....__~, p • [:J[] [if : ~~ ,I ~□~~ ~U oi:m~ r i '' EATON RAPIDS COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN MAP 11 EXISTING CURB AND GUTTER •' @ - -79- Gove Associates Inc. �I r . ! I ; . r-:=---~·· -,~ ciJD : ~~□□ I . •• ::~ • ~□ . . qg - "'- "-~ ~og □□' C i;:;i ~bJ□CT~._________...U o□r;- • I ~~ EATON RAPIDS COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN . legend - MAP 12 EXISTING SIDEWALKS AND PUBLIC PARKING SIIEWALKS PUBLIC PARKIN; @ -80- ~ Gove Associates Inc. _j �........ i ' l .. : , ,._' I • '\ .... A potential problem may also develop further north on Main Street as the old Horner Woolen mill site is redeveloped. A project at this location may add a great deal of traffic to the existing system, and at a er i tical point in the City (M-50/M-99/Main Street intersection). Vehicular parking is also a concern in the City, especially to individual merchants. A lack of parking close to a consumers destination is often enough discouragement to forego "one-stop" shopping. Other times, parking spaces which are close enough are generally filled - sometimes by employees of the stores, other times by commuters, car pools, etc. The City does not allocate lots (or portions of them) specifically for long term ( 2 hours or more) vehicular parking. There are seven off-street public parking areas in the Central Business District between Spicer Street and the old Horner property. In addition, there are also nine private off-street parking lots in this area (see Map 13). The City's Department of Public Works identified a little over three miles of streets in Eaton Rapids that needed some type of improvement ( right-of-way realignment, storm sewer improvement, paving) as of June 1988. The majority of these are local streets located in the eastern and southern portions of the City (see Map 14). In response to the question" ... how would you rate ... services and facilities in Eaton Rapids?", residents ranked streets as the third worst overall. This may include not only the condition of the streets, but also vehicular control devices employed (turning lanes, speed limits, signs, lights, etc. ) . Ranked fifth worst was the City sidewalks, which would assume not only their condition, but lack of existence in many areas. This provides a handicap to many alternative forms of movement (walking, bicycles, etc.). Synopsis The State Department of Transportation is currently completing work on two improvements/expansions to specific streets within Eaton Rapids. These include: 1. M-99 project from N. Main to the north City limits, including the realignment at Main Street and Canal Street and the widening of Canal Street and Michigan Street to three lanes. 2. Extension of North Street south to Dexter/ M-50 as part of the M-99 project; this would also include the termination of Division Street at North Street. -81- �EATON RAPIDS COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN . legend pp MAP 13 DOWNTOWN PUBLIC PARKING LOTS PUBLIC PARKIN; PRIVA'IE PARKIN:; wrs 0' wrs @ -82- Gove Associates Inc. �,- i ... .. 'l --,1] e_,.._;r_o_N_R_A_P_1o_s_c_o_M_P_R_E_HE_N_s_1v_e_o_e_v_e_L_OP_M_E_N_T_P_L_A_N_ _ _ _ _ - a . . 1_ _ _ _ _ _ ,, ,,.. MAP 14 IMPROVEMENTS NEEDED LOCAL/MAJOR STREETS @ -83- Gove Associates Inc. �-, i _,I' 3. In addition, streets in the Irish Downs Subdivision 1-4 have been completed. These will connect with existing Union/Connemara, Knight, and Miller Drive (This is being constructed by a developer and is not a project being administered or constructed by the Michigan Department of Tranportation). ., II I These projects, and those of the future, should be considered in relation to the proposed goals and objectives, and their methods of implementation. By doing this, existing problems and concerns may be alleviated, and potential ones avoided. The addition of sidewalks, curb and gutter on residential streets that currently do not have these facilities would contribute substantially to the City's attractiveness and quality of life, as would bicycle pathways/lanes within the City. I ! I I -84- I �.-- .. ' ,I • . ' ' .. I ·. I ~ i - '. I i L .~- SECTION VIII COMMUNITY FACILITIES/SERVICES ') : ', ..... �._ J COMMUNITY FACILITIES/SERVICES Municipal Administration The City is constituted as a Home Rule City, with a Council/ Manager form of government. Local decision-making is made by a five member City Council with several Council appointed boards and commissions, consisting of the Planning Commission, zoning Board of Appeals, Board of Review, Advisory Park Board; Library Board, Mechanical Board of Appeals, Housing and Building Board of Appeals, Local Officers Compensation Commission and the Downtown Development/Tax Increment Finance Authority. The day-to-day operation of the City are guided by a City Manager, including the overview of various departments and divisions. There are 42 full-time and four part-time City employees. The City Hall of Eaton Rapids is located downtown on the corner of South Main and West Hamlin Streets. It contains the offices of the City Manager, City Clerk-Treasurer, and the Building Inspector. It also houses the City Council Meeting Room. Although the City Hall is old (built in 1912), it is presently adequate for the City's needs. Its <:entral location is well suited for the public's convenience. No relocation plans are now under consideration. However, owing to the age of the building, it is likely that a new building will be warranted in the future. I j • Eaton Rapids contains four DPW buildings. The Garage, which was built in 1960 houses City vehicles plus offices and a service area. The two Pole Buildings, one constructed in 1967 and the other in the 1980's, function for the storage of seasonal equipment, vehicles and job materials. The Salt Building, also erected in 1987, is used for street salt storage. All four buildings are in excellent condition. They will adequately service the City in the future. Public Safety The City's Fire Department includes its chief and 17 volunteers, and it utilizes nine vehicles to serve the City. The fire department now services only the City of Eaton Rapids. The City Police force consists of a chief and a staff of seven sworn officers. They make use of three vehicles, replacing one annually, and issue 1100-1200 citations per year. Approximately 60 citations per year are for drunk driving, with about 1/3 of them going to residents of Ea.ton Rapids. State Street and Dexter Street near the schools are where most speeding citations are issued. There are very few major crimes in the City; primarily vandalism and local noise enforcement is handled by · the department. Eaton County Sheriff Department and Michigan State Police assistance are provided on an as-needed basis. -85- �[fil 3 1 [fil i legend Schools D 7:"""1rorthwestern Elementary (Playground and Nature Study) 2. Union Street Elementary (Playground) 3. Eaton Rapids High School (Ball Fields, Stadiwn, Track, Tennis Courts) 4. Southeastern Elementary (Playground) s. Eaton Rapids Middle School (Pool) 6. King Street Adult Education 7. School Administration/Bus Garage Municieal Facilities A 0 City Hall, Police Department 9. Fire Oepartment 10. Library 11. Cemetery 12. Sewage Treat Plant 13. Water Plant 14. Pub lie Works Garage 15. Public Restrooias a. Park - Recreation O 16. Old Athletic Field 17. Hall Street Park 18. Island Park 19. McArthur River Park 20. Hemori al Park 21. Biggs Park 22. Senior Citizens Center 23. MAP 15 COMMUNITY FACILITIES • "" Hospital @ -86- _Gove Associates Inc. · �Parks and Recreation The City's parks and recreation areas are located primarily near the center portions of the City, and to the north of the downtown. McArthur River Park, a neighborhood park along the east side of the Grand River at McArthur River Drive, is the farthest point south in the City provided for recreation. TABLE 31 PARK AND RECREATION AREAS Description Name Size (Acres) Location Amenities Northwestern Elem. School Playground 6.0 Dexter Rd. Play Equipment Southeastern Elem. School Playground 8.0 Greyhound Drive Play Equipment Union St. Elem. School Playground 5.0 Union St. Play Equipment Island Park Community 2.0 DowntownGrand River Picnic Facilities Play Equipment, Gazebo Old Athletic Community W. Knight Street All-purpose Tennis Courts, (tennis/ basketball/dances) 5 Ball Fields, Pavilion, Tables, Grills, Horseshoes Hall St. Park Neighborhood 0.8 N. Hall Street Grills, Benches Tables McArthur River Park Neighborhood 1.0 McArthur Drive Playground, Grills, Tables, Boat Launch Memorial Park Neighborhood S. Main Street Veterans Memorial, Shuffleboard Biggs Park Neighborhood Senior Center Community SOURCE: 30 .25 0.5 Gove Associates Inc. -87- Montgomery Street Gr ills, Swings, Picnic Tables, Play Area Grand & Hall Sts. Senior Citizen Services �'; Schools The Eaton Rapids School District ( see Map 16) has, as of September 1988, 2944 students. This is an 8.7 percent decline from 1967-68, and consists of 1262 pupils in kindergarten through the fifth grade, 592 pupils in grades six to eight, 831 pupils in grades 9-12, 159 adult education students and 100 special education students. The following facilities educational purposes: are currently being utilized for TABLE 32 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES Building Size Size (Sg. Ft.) (Acres) Name/Ty:ee Northwestern Elem. Southeastern Elem. Union Elem. E.R. Middle School E.R. High School King St. - Adult Ed. Maint./Board of Ed. 30,121 37,175 22,500 120,000 119,000 31,386 12,200 40 10 20 20 20 3.5 3 Year Built Site Enrollment se12t. '88 1958/66 Add. 1969 1962 1969 1963/69 Add. 1938 1952/1968 Total 533 452 313 619 852 159 2,928* *Total enrollment by school does not equal total school districk enrollment as some students (special ed.) are not assigned to a specific school. SOURCE: Eaton Rapids Public Schools The school district's administration includes 16 special education teachers for the gifted, talented, and learning disabled and emotional children. Additionally, vocational students attend classes at Lansing Community College, and the county cooperative schools allow students to travel and attend classes elsewhere if they are not available at the home school. The school system requires a $40.00 fee of students to enter the athletic program, with all of the activities handled through school. The facilities available include: elementary playground equipment; swimming pool in the middle school; gymnasiums; softball and baseball diamonds, track; football and soccer fields. -88- ~ I l �----------------r-----------~------------------1 I I .... I BENTON DELHI --------------1 ►---------------r I I I I I r· EATON EATON RAPI AURELIUS I I I I I I I -------~ ---1~----- I I I I I I I I BROOKF ELD I I I I I I I I I I I ----...lI f -'"-----Dl I I I I I ---------------·I I EATON RAPIDS COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN MAP 16 legend EATON RAPIDS PUBLIC SCHOOL DISTRICT ~ -~ SCHOOL DISTRICT LIMITS ----- TOWNSHIP LIMITS @ -89- Gove Associates Inc. �There are no private or parochial schools within the City. The nearest private school is the Eaton Rapids Christian Fellowship Academy, located about three miles west of the City on M-50. This school consists of grades K-12 and currently has 12 students, including four from Eaton Rapids. Library The library is located in a building downtown which is rented by the City near City Hall. It contains over 20,000 volumes, and has cooperative privileges with the Capital Area Library Cooperative. Its total circulation in 1988 was 55,253 volumes. Because of the cooperative privileges, audio and video tapes are also available, although no computer aids are supplied. The library has a five member board, and its serves the City plus Eaton Rapids and Hamlin townships, and half of Brookfield Township. Funding is received from general funds, State aid and penal fines. Social Services The Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) National Home is located approximately four miles southeast of Eaton Rapids. The facility has a national scope, with two programs relating to the care of veterans: 1. The national parent and children). program ( Single parents 2. Residential (State licensed) - children without parents. The complex originated in 1925, and now has 640 acres and 63 buildings (including 36 single and two-story homes). Present residents include 81 children, 13 parents, and 15 scholarships. There are also 84 staff members/employees, plus consultants. Medical Services The Eaton Rapids Community Hospital (1500 s. Main Street) has 41 beds and was built in 1957 with community support. An additional wing was added in 1977. The hospital receives no federal funding, but does have a high degree of cornmuni ty support. Of 150 employees at the hospital, four are doctors, under contract, 42 are registered nurses, and there are 15 LPN's. Approximately 90 physicians from the general area (including -90- ~ ' �Lansing) have access to the hospital I s facilities. Twentyfour hour emergency service is available, in addition to surgery, laboratory, pathology, internal, pharmacy, pediatrics and others specialties. t--:', I The Eaton Rapids Professional Building, located across from the hospital, is a privately run practice. This clinic has 18 employees and four physicians. It specializes in internal medicine and family practice. Some out-patient services include therapy, radiology, stress tests, laboratory, cardiology, and health education. An advance life support ambulance service attended by paramedics is provided through a Charlotte-based ambulance company. Solid Waste Disposal \ ... r, \ I I .' The City does not provide for refuse pickup for its citizens. Residents and businesses contract with three private hauling firms in the area for this service. Residential waste is collected via curbside pickup on specified days each week, while commercial waste is deposited in 'dumpsters' for pickup by packer trucks. Refuse is then trucked to the C&C Landfill in Calhoun County. The Eaton County Solid Waste Management Plan calls for landfilling to be the primary method of waste disposal over the next five to twenty years, with the possibility of a drop-off or curbside collection system for recycling. A central recycling processing facility is proposed for the county which will collect, segregate and ship recyclable mater i als to various markets. Leaf composting in municipalities will also be encouraged. Cemetery Rosehill Cemetery is the only cemetery within the located in the southwest corner off of West Street. approximately 45 acres in size. City, It is Sewer/Water/Storm Sewer and Public Utilities The water system in Eaton Rapids contains six wells, 172 fire hydrants and 1700 service connections. The water tower capacity is 250,000 gallons, and the normal water consumption in the City is approximately 500,000 gallons minimum per day. The maximum consumption rate the system can handle is 3,600,000 gallons/day. The primary wastewater treatment plant, with a 1.2 million gallons per day design capacity and a 2.0 million gallons per day maximum capacity, had a three million dollar secondary expansion in 1978. The City has two sanitary sewer lift stations with 22.5 miles of sanitary sewer line ranging from 6" to 21", and 381 manholes. The City also has 17. 6 miles of storm sewer lines ranging from 8" to 36", two storm sewer lift stations, 163 storm sewer manholes, and 410 catch basins. -91- �Eaton Rapids owns a 2,400/4,160 volt wye electrical distribution system consisting of approximately 179 miles of primary and secondary conductors. Electrical service is supplied to the City by Consumers Power Company at a substation near the center of the City. In addition, the City has 413 fixtures which light the streets, parks, athletic fields, parking lots, and the downtown district. They are made up of a variety of high intensity lamps. Natural gas service throughout Consumers Power Company. the City is provided I • I ' I by Energy Conservation The high cost of energy impacts upon the cost of municipal operations as well as household, commercial and industrial expenses. The City purchases electricity from Consumers Power and bills local residences and businesses accordingly. It is up to individual users to practice energy conservation, including adding insulation, improving window openings, changing to more efficient furnaces, etc. The City has practiced energy conservation by upgrading the windows in City Hall for better thermal insulation. In addition, over the past 10 yea-rs the fire station has been upgraded with insulated overhead doors, new thermopane windows, removal of windows and closure of window and door openings, downsizing of windows and replacement of furnaces with energy efficient units. Any future upgrading of City Hall would also include energy conservation measures. Synopsis The City contains a full range of public facilities and services needed for daily activities that occur within its jurisdiction. Administrative procedures are defined by state statutes, although decision-making processes reflect local preferences. Administrative facilities, while adequate to meet present needs, may need to be updated to accommodate greater efficiency and continuing changes in administrative procedures and technologies. Public safety, including police and fire services and facilities also appear to be adequate. Public facilities near the Grand River and public access to the river are available but limited. The Grand River is a major asset to the community and presents a prime opportunity for public recreation as well as enhancement of the Central Business District. A full range of educational facilities and services are available in Eaton Rapids through the Eaton Rapids Public Schools. In addition, easy access to higher education in Lansing and East Lansing contributes to the comprehensiveness of formal education available to local residents. All of the existing school buildings are relatively modern and should meet the needs of the school system -92- .~ �I. through the twenty-year plan period. The library is an important component of the cultural and educational character of the area, and as such, should be promoted within the City and townships. The location of the Eaton Rapids Community Hospital within the City is a positive element of the City and surrounding area. However, with the current f inane ial problems that many hospitals face, the Community Hospital will likely have to expand its capabilities while operating at reduced budgets in order to remain competitive. There are a number of sewer, water and stormwater improvements that should be made in order to maintain and improve the public infrastructure as the City develops. Coordination with development adjacent to the City in surrounding townships should also be encouraged. t •. I . ! i" I ~ i i r I ., \ ' Overall, the major problem in providing for the expansion, improvements, or in some cases, retention, of public facilities and services, is the acquisition and allocation of financing for those facilities and services. Efforts to raise revenue for public and quasi-public entities should involve an annual cooperative effort between the public and private sectors to guarantee financing to retain and improve those types of community assets. f ., -93- �PART 11 ' . !.. ri l.. l -i I ' , __ I FUTURE DEVELOPMENT PLAN �,, " I. l'_,;' I. \l --' I • I 1 1 i L. _SECTION I INTRODUCTION ii �INTRODUCTION Up to this point, the text has defined and analyzed past and present data and information that comprises the City of Eaton Rapids and its immediate area. In Part I, the City's characteristics relative to population, housing, economy, land use, natural resources, and community facilities were described individually as well as bein:; integral components of the area's total economic, human resource and physical (land use) system. Part II relies on that analysis to formulate a development plan for the next 20 years. This plan sets forth the various components that will comprise the City of Eaton Rapids, given the opportunities that are currently available and will likely be available at some future time for residents and elected and appointed officials. ,.. I In general, the City will not grow substantially in terms of quantity ( new residents and new businesses). The intent of the development plan, therefore, is to promote and set forth change - that is, the revitalization of those elements that now comprise the City to consistently improve and maintain the area's quality of life. The format for describing that development plan consists of identifying its individual components - i.e., the individual plans and programs for residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, parks and recreation, community facilities and services, overall land use, natural resources conservation and improvement, and overall sense of community. Each component is described in terms of its goal, objectives and policies, land use pattern, narrative description, and implementation program. ' L. -94- ..... �'j L J...., l \. ' ' . I ' ' i !,, _ .•. SECTION II OVERALL LAND USE . �OVERALL LAND USE i. '-· Over the next 20 years, Eaton Rapids' municipal boundaries should remain as they are today, as there is enough vacant developable land within the City to accommodate expected growth. The majority of the City's land area (approximately 991 acres, or 48%) will be devoted to single-family or duplex residential development. Another 69 acres will be allocated to multiple-family housing in various locations, particularly in the eastern and northern portion of the City as well as near the downtown core. Both sing le-family and multiplefamily housing may also be located in Planned Unit Development areas, which will encompass 140 acres near the City's northern boundaries. In addition, multiple-family housing may also be combined with offices in designated areas that cover over 17 acres, primarily just north of the Central Business District. These uses are intended to complement the City's downtown commercial area and create higher density activity in the CBD. Mobile homes, are for the most part, to be concentrated in a 36 acre planned mobile home development in the southwest portion of the City. In total, residential land uses will occur at various densities on approximately 1,100 acres of land, or 55 percent of the City's total area. Commercial land use will continue in the existing downtown area, with an emphasis on redevelopment and revitalization. That includes redevelopment/reuse of the Old Horner property as well as storefront and building renovation along Main Street, streetscape improvements and occupancy of existing vacant buildings. More defined commercial uses will be allowed along South Main Street, between South Street and Park Street on the West side, and between Plain Street and Haven Street on the east side, and between Marlin Street and the southern City limits on the east side. These will be primarily automobile oriented businesses that will have their own off-street parking facilities. There will be a total of 54. 2 acres devoted to commercial use, with approximately 30 percent ( 16. 5 acres) being in the Central Business District and 70 percent (37.7 acres) along South Main Street. Industrial land use will comprise over about 127 acres, most of which is in the City's southern boundary, including 23 acres in the City's industrial park. It is the City's intent to concentrate these activities as much as possible in one area, realizing that some existing industrial activities will continue to exist outside of this area. Industrial land uses will include manufacturing, assembly and warehousing operations. Public facilities, including municipal administrative offices, police and fire station, Department of Public Works garage, sewage treatment plant, well field and school grounds -95- �and buildings will cover over 110 acres. Because these facilities are considered to be adequate to accommodate the City's needs over the next 20 years, the amount of area devoted to public facilities will not be expanded. The seven churches currently serving the City encompass almost 16. 5 acres. While there are no existing plans for additional churches, it is possible that additional land will be set aside for such uses in the future. Typically, churches and church-related facilities are located within residential or commercial areas. Eaton Rapids Community Hospital covers over seven acres. There are no plans for expansion of this facility and the Plan proposes the same amount of land be devoted to the hospital over the next 20 years. Open space and recreation will play a major role in forming the quality of life in Eaton Rapids. Linear greenbelts adjacent to the river as well as neighborhood and community parks and natural preservation areas will cover almost 174 acres. These areas will, in some cases, include playground and recreation/entertainment facilities, and in other cases remain essentially undeveloped. They will take advantage of the City's major resources primarily the Grand River, to provide a full range of passive and active recreation activities for the City's residents and visitors. Streets and sidewalks, including curb and gutter, will continue to require expansion and improvement over the next 20 years. New development, on large vacant parcels, particularly in the northern and eastern portions of the City, will likely include additional local, and perhaps even collector, streets. Those residential portions of the City that do not contain curb and gutter and/or sidewalks on at least one side of the road will be areas in which such improvements should be concentrated. Additional sidewalks, curbs and gutters should be constructed on M-99 south to the City limits and along M-50 to the western City limits. Separate walking /biking paths would be constructed within the linear greenbelt along the Grand River and in the natural area on the western boundaries of the City. Bike lanes on existing road rights-of-way would connect these walking/biking paths. This is the proposed land use distribution that the City wiJ l attempt to achieve over the next 20 years. In reality, not all land that is designated for the various types of development scheduled in this Plan will actually be developed. It is expected that at the end of the planning period, vacant lands will still exist within the City. Obviously, the extent to which land is developed depends upon the overall economic, social and physical attractiveness of Eaton Rapids to new businesses and residents. -96- -. i i �i Table 33 depicts the general allocation of future land uses proposed in this Plan. 1 TABLE 33 FUTURE LAND USE ALLOCATIONS , . ' Acres Land Use Percent of Total Residential , .. - Single-Family - Multiple Family - Mobile Home Parks 991 69 42 47.8 3.3 2.0 Office/Multiple-Family 17 0.8 16 38 0.8 1. 8 127 109 16 7 174 241 85 140 6.1 5.3 0.8 0.3 Commercial Central Business District - South Main Street Industrial/Warehouse Public Facilities Churches Hospital Open Space/Recreation Streets Water Planned Unit Development* Total 8.4 11.6 4.1 6.8 2,072 *Area includes streets, recreation, residential and/or commercial development. A Planned Unit Development is a type of development on a larger site that requires the total development concept, land use patterns, circulation, landscape and structure design, utilities and other site amenities to be identified prior to approval and development. The Planned Unit Development concept allows flexibility in design, platting, street layout, and other elements relative to standard development controls, such as zoning and subdi vis ion regulations. The result is a more efficiently designed development that creatively utilizes the environmental conditions of the site on which it is located. A Planned Unit Development can consist of all residential land use, all commercial land use, or industrial land use, or a combination of land uses. Typically, Planned Unit Development contains open space/recreation areas. SOURCE: Gove Associates Inc. -97- �I - I /""·..; ' Incremental Development Patterns l As with any community, the development of Eaton Rapids will occur in various phases over time. This development will not likely be consistent, but rather the City will experience change in II spurts 11 , typically in conjunction with regional, state and national economic fluctuations. To achieve the results (goals) called for in this Plan, the City will have to develop programs to direct and guide growth in the desired manner. While it is not possible to determine with any certainty where and to what extent development will actually occur within the City, this Plan has attempted to describe, in graphic form, the patterns of development for the City in five year increments over the next 20 years. Maps 17, 17a, 17b, 17c depict the most desirable (preferred) land use patterns at 5, 10, 15 and 20 year stages. These depictions are general and, in reality, actual land uses at specific locations may very well differ from what is proposed. Overall, changes will consist of new developments occurring in existing vacant areas near the outer perimeter of the City as well as redevelopment of existing "built-up" areas. The following briefly describes the progressive changes, depicted in the development maps, by land use category: • I .J .,, I I as r, '. Year 0-5 During the first five years, single-family residential will continue to be predominant, with infill of vacant buildable lots in existing residential neighborhoods. A new mobile home park is being constructed east of Hyatt Street. Commercial development over the first five years will consist of retaining the Central Business District between State Street and Brook Street and making continued improvement to the buildings and public facilities in the area. Some 'highway• oriented commercial infill will occur south of Marilyn Street and Spicerville Highway as well as the intersection of Elizabeth and Main streets. Off ice development will be concentrated in an area between Division and Brook streets during the first five years of the Plan. Multiple-family housing will also be allowed in this area. Industrial land uses will, for the most part, be concentrated in the area east of Jackson Street ( south of Haven Street) and in and around the City's industrial park. In two instances, industries will remain in their current location outside the area of industrial concentrations with limited expansion to allow for buffering between these activities and adjacent residential areas. These are the properties located -98- �•·.-. I • ,l > I , 'l' .. > r • on the corner of Brook and Main streets and the area between Plain, Hall, Hyatt and Elizabeth streets. The general area bounded by Kinneville Road, Jackson Street, Haven Street and Water Street will be infilled with industrial activities over the 20 year plan period. These industrial activities will be required to include natural or man-made buffers to separate them from conflicting residential development. In the next five years, the City's industrial park, bordered by Hamman Drive, Hults Drive and Kinneville Road will begin to attract smaller light industrial operations located on separate parcels. Community facilities will, for the most part, remain intact, with expansion of utilities (such as wastewater treatment) as necessary to accommodate future demand. A r i verwalk along the west side of the Grand River running north from State Street to a point northeast of Mill Street will be constructed to allow greater pedestrian access to the river in the downtown area. It is expected that this walkway will 'open up' the backside of the buildings in this area to pedestrian access and consequently enhance the rear facade of these buildings. Year 5-10 ,. '', r .• Between the 5th and 10th year, additional "infill" in existing single-family neighborhoods will occur and new single-family development will take place west of West Street ( north of the cemetery), near the southeast corner of the City, east of the Grand River and in the northwest quadrant, north of Knight Street and east of Kerry Street. These will vary in intensity from one-fifth or one-four th acre lots to one acre or larger single-family sites. Development of multiple-family housing will be concentrated in a block area bounded by Minerva, Division, Canal and Lansing streets, as well as Market Street to and along Michigan Street to a point beyond Wood Street. By the 10th year, the property at the corner of Canal Street and Main Street will be converted from warehousing to mixed commercial/office and additional 'highway' commercial businesses will be constructed along Main Street between Plain Street and Elizabeth Street. Redevelopment activities wi 11 continue within the Central Business District. By the 10th year, the area east of canal, southeast of Market and west of the Grand River will also be developed as mixed office/multiple-family. Between the 5th and 10th year, the City's industrial park will be almost, if not completely, developed. -99- �.J . Recreation and open space development between the 5th and 10th year consist of a riverwalk/linear greenbelt adjacent to the Grand River from the mill race near the Horner property to State Street. ' i -:-l .J Year 10-15 By the 15th year, new single-family housing development will take place primarily in the northwest corner of the City, along Dexter Street, west of Canal Street and north of Lansing Street. Additional multiple-family development will take place west of N. River Street, adjacent to the Grand River (condominium development would be the highest and best use at that site) and west of Greyhound Drive, across from the Junior High and High Schools. By the 15th year, a higher density commercial activity will occur between Plain Street and Alice Street, primarily along Main Street but also adjacent to Jackson Street. Industrial activity (primarily light manufacturing and 'high-tech' businesses) and warehousing will expand from the City's industrial park north and east to incorporate much of the vacant property north of Hammon Drive and east of Holts Drive. This development should occur as an expansion of the indusrial park concept initiated by the City, although it could occur as either a private for-profit venture or as a public or non-profit industrial development. Between the 10th and 15th year, the area surrounding Spring Brook will be formally retained as open space/recreation, including the establishment of a bicycle/pedestrian path. A large open space area west of Lake Street will also be developed as well as an ext ens ion of the r i verwalk/g reenbel t on both sides of Grand River north of Union Street, including a large open space area north of the City's wastewater treatment plant. Year 15-20 By the 20th year, inf ill in existing neighborhoods will be substantial with only a few buildable lots likely remaining. New single-family housing will occur at varying densities on the outer perimeter of the City, including Planned Unit Development west of Canal Street and north of Dexter Street ( this will be predominantly single-family and within a 'L' shaped parcel east of East Street. This latter P.U.D. parcel will be a ·combination of resort/hotel, multiple-family and single-family development. Multiple-family housing will also be constructed north of Brook Street near the City's west boundary. -100- . . - �By the 20th year, 'highway' commercial will be in place between w. Plain and Alice streets on the east side of Main Street and between South Street and Park Street on the west side of Main Street. Additional highway commercial on the east side of Kyle Street will also take place. I !'.'. j ' 'L... By the 20th year of the planning period, the entire area in the south central 'triangle' will be devoted to industrial/ warehousing land use. Open spaces will be distributed throughout this area and greenbelt buffers will be located around the perimeter to minimize or mitigate conflicts between industrial activities and surrounding residential and commercial land uses. Most industrial and warehousing operations will be aggregated within the industrial 'triangle'. By the year 2010, another park/open space area will be established between the Grand River and Water Street (across from Haven Street). The foregoing descriptions are intended to reflect and identify the most desirable timing and location of land use development and redevelopment. In reality, given the projected population growth for the City, it is likely that there will, by the end of the 20 year planning period, be some land on the City's perimeter that will remain undeveloped. Nevertheless, the desired 20 year plan land use pattern represents the optimum distribution of activities for the entire City as it will look when fully developed. -101- �i ' ·--- . !. .. ..... i . I I .• !L I '1 I . ' ' l I : ' L SECTION Ill RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT �ILi ) ) I ' .- -----·-----.....~ ., :· - =--=---:.t~=r.=. , -- ~11 ! I -,L-✓ . □ ~I □. .."' . ~ L•MSluG ____......,. "/JI ... I :,: .,..1 -• • US£L lllti!.OII :_:·~L, '< A ,. Ill ·--~ ~- , lf3-□ Ef Rrf\1 ' .LL.!!''H y l(__J .J{lNICHT II _ . ~ .w□D ~ □□ . 1ITT□fl •· ···· ·---"' dLJJ' I t ------ $Tar~ I □□-_· _· 1 '"''" ,r_~_ ;· . ,fl □■ u~\\~J 11l(ONARD 11 -- - 1 ~ ~ n-=--\~..........__---------..:.~~-lu.r1 ~, □□ CJ I i [I'~~~[.~~ nno[J1~11 ~ UJ . ' KAir(~ !f--- '" ~I ,.• :-;I -l I "-'-~ ~[N ~09~[~~ , l~lfi □ ~ D _] ·- - ,o ',iilil I I ILIIID ill LI!.:. f-=1[?~ ~ ,.J ,.......,,OR ~ ~ 5PICCK~tLL£ H_!~-~ ,--~ -~) - - - - -- ~ ·--- I • ~-SP- - - -~ , -. ! -- - - - _ . . I EATON RAPIDS COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN 5-VEAR PLAN I D SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL - PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT - MULTI-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL - COMMUNITY FACILITIES MAP 17a MULTI-FAMILY /OFFICE - MOBILE HOME PARK . , , CEMETERY RETAIL/SERVICE COMMERCIAL - _PUBLIC OPEN SPAC.E/RECREATION WAREHOUSING 1.2:::-3 BICYCLE/PEDESTRIAN PATH - legend - ,~l!,I - FUTURE LAND USE PLAN CITY OF EATON RAPIDS INDUSTRIAL : PUBLIC FACILITIES @ Gove Associates Inc . �) ) ) ~~ ... -- -. ,-, - ::::::::=!~:..=!:::: V I ~1i/ !, :1 :1 11 I' .I 11 j 11 :S' ' I ~i' ~·I 0]: ii I ..._,..., _JI a:'-> .. ! i ~ . LUC _,, 17~I. ~~ I ;, \ ~ w□D ~□□ l!fil r z :. lotllN "ii, □ :~ > ., .~ - -~- ~RgtlQ:.·_:: /1.- }-=:J_,~...:,·.:.__ ~r ~ "" ,-IIfJt-·--=-- ,,.~ ,· Id _gi, 1 1 -- "' 1 .;,: =....:_::::-::1 □ fl ~~ - S::::: --..-,· r\\ - []rl~ - --.,-~- ~,-1.Jlc □• []] .- . .. "" . ii] I,,.,z:7 II _..::,••, u....u...'I Ix\~, cf useL r~ .: ; ; 0 Q [] , ~•. -l □· I cill~~ ~I , .. 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Ir' hlJ eL '·.l., ". r;/ 'f l!IL Ml ,,accawiu $I ,t·· I I EATON RAPIDS COMPfU~HENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN 20-YEAR PLAN L:;;;.l : ,. _. , SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL - PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT - COMMUNITY FACILITIES MAP 17 - MULTI-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL - legend ·- · MULTI-FAMILY /OFFICE - PUBLIC FACILITIES MOBILE HOME PARK - CEMETERY RETAIL/SERVICE COMMERCIAL - ,PUBLIC OPEN SPACE/RECREATION E3 BICYCLE/PEDESTRIAN PATH 1-:~~!Mffl WAREHOUSING - FUTURE LAND USE PLAN CITY OF EATON RAPIDS INDUSTRIAL @ I Gove Associates Inc. �RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT Goal High quality residential development which will fulfill the needs of the various population segments in the area. Objectives . A. Provide decent housing for persons of all e c onomic levels. B. Provide a range of housing types housing conditions in the City . C. Obtain coordinated and balanced housing development among the City of Eaton Rapids and the surrounding townships (Eaton Rapids and Hamlin). while improving ) I . Policies 1. Encourage home ownership in and duplexes, condominiums designated areas. the area, including modular homes in 2. Encourage, directly or indirectly, rehabilitation of substandard dwellings and preservation of quality older homes. 3. Encourage demolition of severly dilapidated housing and develop, adopt and administer a citywide housing code to ensure adequate code enforcement of existing housing. 4. Encourage new developments to be built in a manner sensitive to the physical character of the Eaton Rapids area, including the infilling of vacant lots in established residential areas through the use of architectural design ordinance and flexible zoning. 5. Encourage continued single-family residency established single-family neighborhoods. in Land Use The definition of the be consistent with the dential development to lation segments in the objectives. residential future land use plan must goal of obtaining a high quality resifulfill the needs of the various popuCity of Eaton Rapids with its specific -106- �The City of Eaton Rapids will experience an increase in population of approximately 2. 4 percent over the next 20 year planning period (refer to Table 6 "Population Projections", Part I). Because of this, new housing stock must be made available, and in a variety of forms, to suit household needs and financial requirements. The future land use plan reflects the new and proposed single-family development on the eastern side of the City. Additional single-family residential areas are proposed on Michigan Street as it runs north to the City limits, and as "inf ill" in scattered vacant areas which are now predominately residential. However, in an effort to achieve greater compatibility among adjacent land use, some existing singlefamily areas have been designated for other uses. This includes various areas on Main Street (from State Street south) and a portion on Brook Street at the western City limits. New multiple-family housing units are designated for Canal Street an~ along Michigan Street, along with a large section of land on the north side of Brook Street (west of Vaughn). Other smaller areas of existing multi-family housing uni ts have been slightly expanded in the Plan, which includes portions on State Street and McArthur River Drive. One location in the City is set aside by the Land Use Plan specifically for mobile homes, to be located on Hyatt Street in the southwest corner of the City. Adjacent uses include single-family residential lots, a cemetery and public open space. Currently, mobile homes are primarily concentrated in the three acre Hickory Haven Trailer Park located on Haven Street. Presently there are many areas which have a smattering of various residential types - primarily duplexes and low density multiple-family mixed with single-family. The proposed land use plan would segregate the uses somewhat by lumping areas together, which will also help create buffers between single-family residential and other uses of high intensity. Specific areas are designated in the Plan for a combination off ice and multiple-family use. Located northwest of the Central Business District at Brook, Cherry and Dexter streets, the area will serve as a buff er from the singlefamily residential on the north to the industrial and Central Business District area in the south. Farther north, and along the corporate line, are two larger areas set aside for Planned Unit Development (PUD). This may include a variety of residential types, along with compatible off ice and commercial uses. -107:- V �Qualitative Description The quality of the City's housing stock is a prime component of the overall attractiveness of the community - both to individual residents and potential employers. To attain a desirable level of quality, existing housing in various portions of the City needs to be upgraded and design and construction standards that promote quality need to be encouraged. Existing housing that is deteriorated or dilapidated, especially those concentrated in certain locations or "pockets" need to be upgraded to meet housing codes. Such upgrading should be the City's top priority in addressing the quality of its housing, as no individual or household should live in a unit that is, or is close to being, uninhabitable. At the same time, the upgrading of these units should not make them unaffordable for those residents that are on limited or fixed incomes. This is a critical factor in meeting the objective of providing decent housing for persons of all economic levels. In addition, housing that is in good condition and affordable for low-income first-time buyers should be made available within the City. These sing le-family uni ts typically 800-1,200 square feet in area could be publicly financed and partially subsidized with the stipulation that the units are sold back to the lender at a fixed rate of inflation to be resold at a lower price to another first-time home buyer. Such a program would: 1) make available decent affordable housing for first-time homebuyers on a continuing basis and 2) allow those homebuyers a reasonable return on their investment to purchase a larger home over time. One restriction may require the purchaser to agree to buy the second home in Eaton Rapids when he or she sells the first home. Additional housing would include a wide range of multiplefamily projects that meet higher yet affordable site plan standards, medium to luxury priced condominium units and single-family housing in planned unit developments. The City should keep abreast of up-to-date concepts in housing development and analyze each concept to determine its applicability to Eaton Rapids. Flexibility in design and regulation should be adhered to. For example, local development standards should be adopted for 'site' condominium development. Site condominium development essentially allows single-family detached homes to be built on separate condominium 'envelopes', or parcels, with streets, sidewalk and open spaces considered as belonging to the condominium association. -108- �Mobile home park development should be encouraged, if designed, constructed and maintained with an emphasis on quality. That includes circular streets, relatively larger mobile home sites, landscaping, open space, on-site recreation and continued maintenance. such standards can be retained while making the uni ts affordable to low/ moderate income households. The overall intent of the City's approach to residential activities should be to accommodate the housing needs of its residents, including changes in lifestyles and age groups, while promoting quality development, including housing for low income households. Implementation The actions related to housing in the City of Eaton Rapids deal basically with the rehabilitation of neighborhoods, the preservation of quality older homes, and the supply of housing uni ts for households with different income categories. In any case, actions should respond to the clear identification of the needs of the City of Eaton Rapids, as well as those of its surrounding townships. The City of Eaton Rapids could implement the following actions in order to obtain high quality residential development which will fulfill the needs of the various population segments in the area: o Contact private developers and study the possibility of establishing a public-private partnership to develop multi-family projects for low/moderate income households and senior citizens. Although the majority of housing in the United States is provided by the private sector, it is possible for the public sector to influence the market and increase the supply of subsidized housing units. The City must develop an entrepreneurial attitude in originating or taking a lead role in the development, using, for instance, city-owned parcels or other assets to participate in joint ventures with private developers. Often, the City may have to assume much of the risk involved in the projects, however, this leadership role has the advantage that once the projects have been completed, the City could also share in their benefits. Furthermore, any successful project is an incentive for additional developments in the area. -109- - 1 1 �\. 0 Give priority processing to those projects that provide housing uni ts for moderate and low income households. 0 Determine a percentage of units (10 or 15 percent, for example) that each new development shall dedicate for occupancy by very low, low, and moderate income households prior to granting approvals and permits. An alternate requirement, such as the dedica tion of land to the City for future public facilities, should be established when the developer · cannot include low/moderate units inthe project. 0 Promote ownership of housing units among residents. This action could be implemented through the promotion of programs among landlords aimed at giving incentives to renter households to become owners. Preferences could be given to occupants willing to make improvements to the house and with a long-term period of occupancy. Inc en ti ves such as setting aside a portion of the annual rent to be used, after a specified number of years, as a down payment could be effective for the renter household. 0 Establish a nonprofit housing development corporation that could, among other things, take possession of deteriorated housing and through the Michigan Department of Social Services, repair and sell those units to qualifying low income households. 0 Promote the creation of community development corporations and other types of communitybased non-governmental organizations related to neighborhood development. 0 Encourage the maintenance of quality older homes, the rehabilitation of deteriorated housing uni ts, and in some cases the demolition of severely dilapidated housing units. The City Council and the Building Inspection Department could implement this action by creating special incentives such as communitywide recognition for well maintained older homes, or assist owners in identifying -110- �available resources for housing and neighborhood rehabilitation, and organizations such as the Local Initiatives Support Corporation (LISC) and the proposed Michigan Neighborhood Builders Alliance, whose main objective is to improve the conditions of neighborhood life by supporting local community development. Financing Program for Housing At the federal level, housing developers in the City of Eaton Rapids can apply for loans offered by the Farmers Home Administration (FmHA) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. That agency ch·a nnels credits to rural residents and communities; considering as rural areas those located in rural communities with population under 10,000, which is the case in Eaton Rapids (there are currently several projects in the area). Some Farmers Home Administration programs that could be utilized in Eaton Rapids include the following: Section 502, which provides loans to buy, build or rehabilitate adequate but modest housing; Section 504, which gives loans and grants to low income applicants who lack repayment ability for a 502 loan; and Section 515 loans, which can be used to build rental housing units to be occupied by low and moderate income households. The eligible applicants for those loans are individuals with low or moderate incomes who are or will be owners/occupants of the dwelling in rural areas and who cannot obtain credit elsewhere. Another federal aid program for housing is the Housing Development Action Grant, administered by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Its objective is to stimulate rehabilitation of deteriorating urban areas through a partner shp of the public sector, community groups, and private industry. Grants are given to applicant communities, who in turn distribute funds to private developers. Eligible applicants for these grants are cities with physical and economic distress (poverty, low per capita income, population growth decline, etc.), willing to implement projects related to neighborhood revitalization and rehabilitation of residential structures. At the state level, the Michigan State Housing Development Authority (MSHDA) is the public agency that has been created to address the housing needs of low and moderate income citizens. The MSHDA has several housing programs to meet the needs of the community, including loans, grants and different types of subsidies. The following are some of the existing housing programs of the MSHDA: Home Improvement loans, Michigan Energy Bank, Section 8 rental assistance and rental rehabilitation. · -111- �l •. r . ,. ..... ' . I L... Home Improvement Loan Programs are designed to provide below market interest rate loans for home improvements. The MSHDA offers three alternative programs: the Home Improvement Program (HIP), the Neighborhood Improvement Program (NIP), and the Community Home Improvement Program (CHIP). It is important to stress that these programs are not mutually exclusive, they are all possible simultaneously and open to lenders and communities. In no case can these funds be used for luxury and/or recreational improvements. MSHDA housing projects are funded through the Community Development Block Grant (CD.83) program, as well as sale of bonds through the State of Michigan. The Community Block Grant program in Michigan has two major components: one for economic development reJ:ated projects (managed by the Michigan Department of Commerce) and the other for housing projects (administered by the MSHDA). Eligible applicants for the Housing Grant Programs are small cities, townships and villages of less than 50,000 population. Resources in this program are dedicated to projects related to home improvement programs, rehabilitation of rental units, homesteading of vacant properties, programs for the homeless and public facilities' improvements linked to targeted home improvement programs • • • -112- �.. < • l • • <' • I i\ . , :~ l. I . !. SECTION IV COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT �COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT . -[ Goal Continued development of Eaton Rapids as the commercial/ service center of the southeastern portion of Eaton County, while meeting the shopping and employment needs of local citizens. Objectives . ' I l ;' ' A. Attract visitors and shoppers to the area. B. Reinforce the role of Eaton Rapids as the commmercial/service center of the southeastern portion of Eaton County. C. Improve the "mix" of retail and commercial service businesses to meet the needs of local citizens. - . Policies I 1. Encourage future commercial development to occur within or near already developed commercial areas. 2. Attract businesses into the Eaton Rapids area that will provide for the best commercial/service "mix" and which will meet known deficiencies. 3. Formulate a "partnership" between all levels of government and the Eaton Rapids Business Community. 4. Take steps to enhan.c e Downtown Eaton Rapids' position as a comparison shopping area, while encouraging downtown to provide a wide variety of competitively pr iced convenience i terns designed to meet the needs of the area residents. 5. Initiate an aggressive campaign by which to utilize vacant or obsolete industrial facilities within the City for commercial retail, service and office activities. Land Use The proposed land use plan should provide the City of Eaton Rapids with enough space to achieve the general goal and the specific objectives defined in the commercial development plan. -113- �1· ,.~. I • ! . The proposed land use plan distributes commercial activities in three separate areas along Main Street and the first block to the east and/or west of Main (this varies by location). Proposed commercial land uses run from Canal/Main street intersection (east side) on the north to State Street, from Plain Street to Alice Street and from Marlin Avenue to the southern City limits on the south. At present, the southern eight blocks of Main Street are predominately residential with some commercial establishments interspersed. The greatest concentration of proposed commercial land use is on Main Street at Knight, Hamlin and Spicer. This follows existing developmment as the highest commercial densities are found in this three block area. However, as mentioned earlier, a Planned Unit Development proposed for a northern section of the City may also include some commercial activity. Although this would be rather limited and intend to primarily service the surrounding residential uses. Qualitative Description Eaton Rapids' commercial development is probably the greatest single physical element that defines the image of the City to outside visitors. The current image of downtown Eaton Rapids to many residents is not very positive. Yet, the natural environment and physical setting of the Central Business District offers the potential for establishment of a positive image as a unique commercial _d istrict. f I i._ The central business core, from Canal Street to State Street, will be the center of the City's commercial and service activity. However, to maximize that potential, modifications and alterations and repairs to existing buildings, particularly storefronts, are needed. These include replacing rotted wood, repainting masonry joints, removing metal rust, repainting buildings, adding new or additional trim, improving interiors and performing structural alterations as needed to ensure the soundness of the building. The City should strive to retain those buildings that have archi tectural and historical integrity, while modifying or removing those that have outlived their useful life and do not fit into the overall historical integrity of the downtown area. An appropriate mix of specialty retail shops, service commercial and entertainment facilities, including restaurants and performing arts theatre, should be the primary components of the Central Business District. Upper floors of buildings that as structurally sound, or can be renovated, should be converted into mid-price to luxury apartments. To complement building renovation and alterations, the City should establish a downtown streetscape improvement program. Such a program could include, but not be limited to: sidewalk redesign using brick pavers, street lamps, tree, shrub and flower -114- �I'. planters, street furniture, historical or theme signage, landscaped off-street parking and other similar improvements. Redevelopment of the old Horner property at the intersection of Canal and Main streets should be accomplished using a theme that will complement the remainder of the buildings in the downtown core area. This property should be redeveloped into a retail/service/office complex, but should not detract from the revitalization of the balance of the Central Business District. Emphasis should also be placed on the Grand River and Spring Brook, with river walks, lighting, landscaping, boating and outdoor restaurants adjacent to the river, with retention of, and improvement to, Island Park. The overall intent of revitalization of the downtown core should be to establish _ a pedestrian-oriented area that attracts customers and patrons from the greater Lansing area. I .... ,·. ! 1,· I The two other commercial areas bordering South Main Street will be highway or auto-oriented commercial districts. They will be larger retail/service outlets into a linear "minimall" configuration or larger discount or grocery stores in individual buildings. These buildings will contain their own off-street parking. The businesses in these areas will not compete with the specialty stores in the Central Business District but will rather serve the daily needs of consumers. Typical businesses would include larger chain discount stores, supermarkets, fast-food restaurants, appliance stores, auto repair facilities, laundromats and similar outlets. The design integrity of these commercial facilities can be controlled by the City to a certain extent through site plan review, which could require certain standards in signage, parking and landscaping, as well as buffers between commercial and residential land uses. Implementation Those actions recommended to achieve the commercial development goals and objectives are aimed basically at reinforcing downtown, attracting investment to the City, promoting the expansion of local businesses, and improving public facilities related to the commercial development of Eaton Rapids. i - I .• • Commercial activity plays a key role in the economic development process of the City. However, the volume of commercial activity in the Central Business District has decreased during the last decade, following the general behavior of Central Business Districts around the country. According to surveys conducted in the area, Downtown Eaton Rapids needs to improve its current mix of businesses, as there is a negative perception of downtown among local residents. The perception is that Eaton Rapids is not competitive when compared to the variety of stores located in shopping malls in Lansing and Jackson. -115- - �• The following are some of the actions recommended to improve the commercial conditions of the City of Eaton Rapids: 0 !' The "Managing Downtown" Market Study identified some businesses that could fit into downtown's "niche", which are the following: meat market/deli selling quality meats and selected ready-to-eat foods, children's clothing stores, big and tall men's shop, retail bakery, an · antique mall, and a sit down restaurant. ·. 0 The City Council could establish a program of incentives to attract investment to the City, and at the same time encourage the expansion of locally owned business. The following are some of the incentives that could be established: purchase or acquisition of tax deliquent properties to be used by the City as leverage for new or expanded commercial development (land "writedowns"); entering into a public/private partnership with a qualified developer ( such an arrangement can vary from offering municipal funds for "start-up" costs to a full partnership in which the City and developer share assets and liabilities); improvement of public facilities; and the retention and expansion of local development corporations, such as the Ea ton Rapids Alliance for Community Development. In addition, development and investment plans for the Horner property should continue to be pursued. Some financial assistance for these actions could be obtained from the Community Development Block Grant and Small Business Administration programs. l ! Contact private developers in order to promote the market possibilities that types of businesses have in the area. This should be done by the Downtown Development Authority (DDA). ! 0 DOA and other City organizations should be involved in the construction of new parking facilities, the promotion of special events to attract people downtown, the rehabilitation of deteriorated facilities, the demolition of delapidated facilities, the occupancy of vacant structures, and the adequate provision of public services, such as -116- �police protection, fire protection, snow removal, etc. Street level spaces in downtown buildings should be oriented toward commercial retail and service businesses while second and third floor areas should be limited to office and apartment uses. 0 The DDA and downtown property owners should work together within a committee structure to ensure that vacant retail are filled accordingly. 'I spaces The search committee could serve an important function as a DDA clearing house for inf ormation on business opportunities in Eaton Rapids. The committee could handle initial inquiries but would particularly be helpful as a group to which inquiries from prospective new business operators could be directed. Information about such contacts/inquiries would then be given to the DDA for further follow-up. Business people should be encouraged to keep any negative opinions they may have to themselves and to direct inquiries instead to the search committee. The committee should poll local business operators frequently to elicit intormation on inquiries or expressions of interest which they may have had from friends, business associates in other towns, or information on potential new business operators who might be contacted as prospective occupants of space. Membership on this committee should consist of realtors, bankers, etc. _·. ! ' [ and off ice l i •. :J One class of occupants for additional floor space are Central Business District businesses which may be in need of expanded space. The revitalization of downtown business is also in part a function of the ability of the downtown area to serve as a breeding ground for new commercial enterprises. One way to plan for this type of commercial growth is to encourage and facilitate the expansion of existing businesses, which not only promotes the growth of established firms but opens up smaller commercial spaces for new businesses. The potential barriers to transfers of this sort, such as the prospect of having to pay a higher rent or having to make substantial interior and perhaps exterior improvements, may be overcome with local initiatives. �• . -{ A source of potential tenants for local commercial space consists of established independent operations currently located in nearby cities and towns out of the market area. Many established independents may have found that they have grown to the limits of their market at their present location. Establishing an additional office or store in the downtown area can be presented as an advantageous means of expanding their businesses. A business search committee can begin the process of targeting potential branch operations for downtown by making exploratory trips to surrounding towns . and cities with an eye to spotting healthy small businesses of types not currently represented in Eaton Rapids. In addition, it can assist in promoting negotiations between owners and prospective downtown "relocatees" or new tenants and in developing proposals which would include provisions for · building improvements and for linking increased rental income to the growth in sales realized by the new or relocating business, as well as looking for new innovative businesses to locate, or expand: i.e., auto mall for service to auto while people shop and work is an example, or a previously owned auto dealership ·. The ini~ial task of this committee is getting (and then updating) hard facts about all available properties in the DDA area. This information which should be issued per iodically to property owners and brokers who market the space, includes every unit of retail, off ice or other space available for sale or rent. The data includes property status (in pre-leasing, ready-to-go, or needs work), floor level of the space, area available, approximate rental Cidentified in categories, i.e., $2-$3.99/sq. ft., $4-$5.99/ sq. ft., $6-$7.99/sq. ft., etc.), utilities, parking availability, carpeting, air condi tionim;, and adjoining vacant expansion space. This committee should also mail a promotional package to all appropriate businesses within the Eaton Rapids Market Area. The committee should follow-up on leads and get them actively interested in downtown. The promotional package should stress the positive features of downtown. First, it should stress that Downtown Eaton Rapids is a fun place to -lIA- �visit and is active, colorful and interesting. Secondly, it should explain that downtown businesspeople are working together to exploit market opportunities and target marketing and sales efforts. Thirdly, it should stress the concept of quality goods and services, as opposed to mediocre or cut-rate i terns. Fourthly, it should emphasize that the DDA is providing resources by which private investment is supported with a public commitment. It should be a high priority of a search committee to assure that upper floor spaces are being utilized for their best and highest use. Within the commercial area, most buildings have upper floors which are used for storage or business purposes. These would also support offices or small retail businesses. Physical improvements through CDB3 /Housing Funds in the upper floor space for housing, offices or retail space will improve the quality of tenants and add to potential clientele. Financing Programs for Commercial Development ·. "'9 While there are many programs related to economic development, the majority of them are oriented to financing projects that support business activity, especially infrastructure (sewer, water, streets, etc.). Many of the programs directly related to economic development are aimed at the promotion of small businesses, due to the recognized importance of these types of businesses for regional (and national) economic development. At the federal level, the Small Business Administration is the agency that provides loans and loan guarantees to help small businesses. The SBA has several different programs, such as: Section 7(a): Regular Small Business Loans. Their objective is to aid small businesses that are unable to obtain financing in the private credit market. Besides the independently owned small businesses, state and local development companies can apply for loans, for projects such as construction, purchase of buildings, equipment and material, and working capital. Section 8(a): Business Development Program, ensures participation of businesses owned and controlled by disadvantaged persons in federal contracting, in their process to become independent. _lJ.9- �i ' l • At the state level, the principal program directly related to economic development is the Michigan Community Development Block Grant CCDBG), which is administered by the Michigan Department of Commerce. The primary criterion for economic development grants is the number of jobs that the project will generate. The program also addresses economic development planning, community redevelopment and economic development related infrastructure. L i. Section 503: Certified Development Company Programs. Their objective is to stimulate the growth and expansion of small businesses by providing them with long-term financing. Activities such as acquisition of land and buildings, construction, expansion, renovation and modernization can be financed by this program; however, some restrictions apply for applicants. I Two specific programs offered by the CDOO for commercial development are: Commercial/Retail Loan, and Downtown Development and Emergency Community Assistance. At the local level, the City has financial resources that could be used to promote commercial development. Besides its normal revenue sources, the City of Eaton Rapids could use, and has in place, Tax Increment Financing. In addition, Public/Private Partnerships and Special Assessment Taxes could be used. i ' ' Tax Increment Financing programs can be used to redevelop Central Business Districts that are experiencing declining property values and create and improve public facilities and buildings for industrial development. These programs, under P.A. 198, the Downtown Development Authority Act, or P.A. 450, the Local Development Finance Authority Act are not tax abatements, as long as they do not lower any tax rates. Basically, the idea is to establish a project area and "freeze" all property valuations (assessments) of the project area at the beginning of the TIF, and all increases in assessments due to property improvements are either pledged for bonds or used directly for making further public improvements in the TIF district. Once the TIF program is completed, future tax revenues are returned to the full tax base of the community. Public/private co-development is another tool to induce commercial growth. One form of co-development is ground leasing, whereby the City leases land or buildings it owns to a developer or business for a minimum base payment plus a percentage of the income generated by the project or business or some other arrangement. There are several advantages to ground leasing as a means of public/private partnership in commercial development. If the project is -120- �successful, the City can recover all of its costs plus additional revenues. Ground leases can be subordinated - the City can mortgage its interest in the property as security for a development loan to the business or developer. The smaller capital investment required for leasing a space will give a developer a better return on his or her investment. Leasing also allows the City control over the way the property is developed or used, and offers flexibility by structuring payments to meet the needs of the project's requirements for cash flow. ,- , ' . Special assessment taxes are another means of financing public improvement which, in turn, can lead to further private development. Special assessment districts require the approval of the majority of the property owners in the proposed district. Since this is, in essence, a self-imposed tax, there is little likelihood of approval of a downtown assessment district unless the projects it is intended to fund are regarded by those property owners as necessary. Such a district is beneficial if the improvements lead to increased business, and it is established only for a specified period of time, unless it is approved by the property owners as an ongoing assessment. Another way to finance programs and promote small business development at a local level is the creation of a Community Development Corporation (CDC), which is a nonprofit, private and city-based organization. Its main purpose is to involve low income residents in the long-term and comprehensive development of their communities. CDCs participate in programs related to housing rehabilitation, commercial revitalization, infrastructure development, job training, planning, and financial and technical assistance for small businesses. Some of the advantages of this type of organization include no bureaucratic constraints, use of local initiative to address local needs, use of private development techniques for public purposes, attraction of private resources and reinvestment in the community. The Alliance for Community Development could be expanded to become a community wide CDC. Neighborhood areas could also create their own neighborhood development corporation. -121- �• I ; ' \ . SECTI.ON V INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT �INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT Goal Provide for substantial and diversified clean industrial growth in the Eaton Rapids area through orderly placement of land uses and strengthened local organization. Objectives A. Increase the the area • B. Increase industrial employment. C. Prevent or minimize polluting effects of industrial developments. l .. ., ' L .. 1 number of diversity of industries in Policies the use the and 1. Encourage noncyclical industries to locate in Eaton Rapids area in accordance with the land plan and at a rate which is consistent with ability to provide housing, services, utilities amenities. 2. Locate industrial uses in areas which have the necessary transportation carrying capacities, while preventing industrial development in environmentally sensitive areas such as wetlands and adjacent to the Grand River. Land Use The general provide the diversified of land uses goal of the industrial development plan is to City of Eaton Rapids with a substantial and clean industrial base through orderly placement and strengthened local organizations. The proposed land use plan denotes approximately twice as much area to industrial use than what currently exists. Primarily this is in the southeastern portion of the City utilizing the existing industrial area, including the City's ind us trial park and a large vacant tract. The only other ind us trial activity in the City will occur on the parcel located on Brook Street between the intersections of Brook and Knight streets and Brook and Main Street. This is currently occupied by Michigan Packaging Company and several single-family homes. The designation of this entire block as industrial allows for additional expansion of the existing industrial activities as necessary. In addition, a parcel that is currently used for warehousing on W. Knight Street north of the Old Athletic Field will continue to be used as such. -122- �Locations in the City which are currently devoted to warehouse uses are to remain relatively unchanged under the new plan. Land containing warehouse uses are oriented around the railroad tracks (no longer in use) and on the northwest corner of the Central Business District (with industrial uses). Qualitative Description The City's industrial activities, aside from the manufacturing and warehousing parcels on w. Knight and Brook streets, will be concentrated in the southeastern portion of the City. This includes the 23 plus acre City industrial park on Hamman Drive. Light manufacturing facilities are the preference of local residents and this area should be devoted primarily to such industry. Approximately 20 percent of this 97-1/2 acre area (or about 20 acres) should be set aside for heavy industry to be separated from light industrial activity. The City's industrial park should be completely developed or have development commitments before additional improvement for industrial developments are made adjacent to the park. The City, or a private developer, or nonprofit corporation, should then purchase and, improve the property north of Hamman Road for an industrial park, including street, water, sewer and storm sewer improvements. The existing industrial park currently has water, sanitary sewers and electric service. Storm sewers should also be extended into this area. Standards for landscaping, building design and noise and vibration should be adopted and administered. A buffer between the industrial area and surrounding land uses should be maintained. Such a buffer should consist of vegetation, along with an adequately high earth berm. In addition, heavy industry should be separated from light industry by a major entrance road and more strict setback requirements. In effect, every effort should be made to limit, within reason, negative environmental impacts associated with manufacturing activity within the industrial park and to maintain high standards for design and siting of industrial buildings and landscaping. Implementation The actions proposed to promote industrial development within the City of Eaton Rapids are very similar to those proposed for commercial development, in the sense that they are both intended to attract investment into the City, and/or expand businesses and industries already located in Eaton Rapids. -123- :::.:" �At least two factors should be considered before any action is implemented: first, the need to identify the types of industries that are most conducive to the economic, employment and physical characteristics of the Eaton Rapids area; and secondly, an analysis should be conducted to identify the ef f ect:s (i.e. , environmental, social and economic) these industries could have on the City. Some of the actions recommended goal are the following: 0 to achieve the industrial The EDC, or local development corporation, should identify industries with a potential for success within the area, and then contact prospective companies - especially nonpolluting industries - in order to promote their location in Eaton Rapids. Any marketing plan to promote the City must consider the factors that affect the decision of a firm when conducting a business location search and selecting a site. The necessity of a new plant could be the result of an anticipated capacity shortfall, or any other factor such as too many workers of an existing plant, new production technology that requires a new facility, improved proximity to markets, etc. Although the selection process is different depending on the factor that motivates the new location, there are some common factors that concern companies when making their decisions. There are, among others: labor costs, transportation costs and facilities, proximity to raw material sources, proximity to existing company facilities and quality of life in the area. For this reason it is important for the City to maintain updated information about its socio-economic conditions, and to prepare a brochure that could be sent to prospective companies when required. The effort to attract new industries into the City should include a campaign with direct mail, brochures with information, phone calls to staff members of prospective companies and even personal visits to the company. 0 Create some incentives in order to attract industrial investment into the City, and retain and expand those industries already located in Eaton Rapids. -124- �The following are some of the incentives that could be established: real property tax reduction, industrial revenue bonds, federal loan guarantees, joint ventures and investment tax credits. The City currently has established Tax Increment Finance programs for the downtown area and industrial park. o Encourage industries to enter into voluntary agreements to give hiring preferences to local residents and to improve training programs. Financing Programs for Industrial Development Most of the financing programs mentioned for commercial development could also be used to finance industrial development. There are some programs, however, that are specific for industries, such as the Base Industries Loan which is offered by the Michigan Community Block Grant (CDB3). At the local level, Industrial Development Bonds are used by local governments for public improvements and industrial projects. Under Act 62 of 1963, local governments are authorized to issue bonds whether an economic development organization exists in the area or not. These types of bonds do not require voter approval, as the principal and interest of the bond is paid back through the revenue received from the project after it is completed. Other types of bonds are general obligation bonds, which in most cases require approval by the voters, and special assessment bonds, which require a public hearing before approval and are used to pay for specific improvements to designated properties. -125- �,-·- . ! :.~ r-~ '. r, ~ 'r. l: I , t. ,! l I i i. ..• t i, . l- ~. SECTION VI ' I • SENSE OF COMMUNITY �l. , SENSE OF COMMUNITY r~ I ' ' Characteristics such as size, configuration, architecture, lakes, rivers, history, economy and public relations, makes a city specific and unique. They create a feeling of identity among its residents and a sense of community that is required to achieve social and economic development. Goal Preserve and encourage a strong sense of the Eaton Rapids area. "community" within Objectives L, A. Increase residents' participation decision-making process. in the City's B. Promote coordinated action among different community entities in order to promote the economic development of the area. c. Retain and improve the aesthetic and architectural characteristics of the City, preventing the destruction of landmark buildings and sites. D. Preserve the City's small town atmosphere. Policies 1. Provide residents from within each section of the Eaton Rapids area the opportunity for input into the decision-making process by periodically surveying surrounding township residents regarding their concerns and impressions and establishing a "town meeting" format for residents of the City. 2. Provide guidance to local commissions and boards regarding their responsibilities and functions while improving coordination among these bodies. Coordinate with other units of government, nonprofit agencies and developers/investors to promote economic development in the Eaton Rapids area. 3. Periodically review and update this comprehensive plan to make it current with community needs and conditions. 4. Encourage sites. preservation of landmark buildings and �Land Use Each community has its own particular physical and environmental characteristics that give it its own unique identity. Eaton Rapids has a distinct advantage over many other communities because of the 'island' on which the Central Business District is located, the potential of its older commercial buildings and the quality of some of its residential areas. The City needs to capitalize upon these elements to retain and enhance its sense of community. Improving and rehabilitating the downtown area, appropriately emphasizing the Grand River and Spring Brook with walkways, boardwalks, landscaping, boating facilities and improvements to the rear of buildings in the Central Business District, concentrating upon retaining and improving and expanding residential neighborhoods to make them more cohesive and identifiable, providing additional public and private recreation activities in defined neighborhoods as well as the downtown area, creating commercial areas on south Main Street that are compatible with the small town environment Eaton Rapids desires to maintain and creating a district industrial area appropriately designed and landscaped are all land use applications intended to achieve a sense of commmunity. Qualitative Description Eaton Rapids currently retains a certain sense of community. That is, its residents can identify with, and relate to, the entire City as a unique area. That sense of community, however, is not as positive or as strong as it could be. The major deterrents to a strong sense of community consist of: a deteriorating Central Business District; lack of competition, choice and quality in commercial businesses; absense, or lack of maintenance of some residences; an inadequate local employment base; inadequate recreation/entertainment f ac ili ties; inadequate communication between local government and residents. This Plan proposes that those deterrents be eliminated or minimized through coordinated efforts of the public and private sector. Local citizen involvement in the formation and operation of nonprofit community development organizations, neighborhood organizations, and community sponsored volunteer groups is a primary component in efforts to garner resident investment in community development and increase overall sense of community. Local government related organizations, such as the Downtown Development Authority and an Economic Development Corporation can use state enabling legislation to initiate improvements to commercial and industrial areas and solicit potential commercial and industrial tenants. The City can help organize and advertise these organizations, as well as promote overall coordination among these groups to -127- ,r-"\ �to maximize efficiency and communication. If these measures are initiated and/or improved upon, the result will be tangible, identifiable improvements to the physical and social composition of the entire City. These in turn will create and enhance a positive sense of Eaton Rapids' unique character. i ' , Implementation Recommended actions for the City of Eaton Rapids to achieve a stronger sense of community are: 0 Once community organizations and committees are established, the City should develop a coordination progr·am whereby these groups are continuously apprised of each others activities and hold meetings at a specified time where these organizations, as a whole, can provide feedback and recommendations to the City, including the City Council and Plannin~ Commission. 0 The Planning Commission should define those character is tics that make the City of Eaton Rapids specific, authorizing only those new developments that are compatible with them. 0 The Planning Commission should identify sites and buildings that could be considered as landmarks in order to prevent their des truetion. 0 The City Manager and the City Council could promote the creation of nonprofit organizations and committees formed by residents to participate in neighborhood rehabilitation, planning, economic promotion, etc. 0 Besides the preservation of the sense of community related with the physical characteristics of the City, it is essential to motivate citizen's participation in the decision making process. Economic development should be coordinated between the local government and private sector. The ODA should provide the link between the City and downtown businesses while separate groups be formed representing the interests of non-CBD commercial businesses. An EDC or Local Development Finance Authority should be formed to oversee the development and financing of industrial activities in the City. t·:- • -·(~ •·~ '· i -128- �Financing Programs for Sense of Community Various opportunities are available for enhancing a sense of community within Eaton Rapids. The Local Initiatives Support Corporation (LISC) is a nonprofit organization established to provide funding and support to local nonprofit community development corporations for housing and economic development. LISC has recently established a statewide off ice in Michigan. The Michigan Community Builders Alliance is a state program designed to fund various community economic and social development efforts, including neighborhood revitalization. Again, nonprofit community development corporations play a key role in this program. Local tax-generated revenues for downtown and industrial improvements can be generated through Tax Increment Financing, via a DDA and/or Local Development Finance Authority. Other funding programs designed to ultimately enhance community life and provide a sense of community include United Way and the Michigan Community Development Block Grant program. The City should continuously keep abreast of the various programs available and orchestrate them into an overall strategic approach toward community development. -129- �,..... '\ . L • ,r--I \. ' , ! ' l.. . , .. f I • \.. SECTION VII PARKS AND RECREATION �• PARKS AND RECREATION Goal Provide the City with an open space system, parks and recreation facilities that are accessible, affordable, safe and attractive to all residents. f'"' Objectives r- A. Use existing spaces to provide outdoor for the citizens of Eaton Rapids. B. Provide access for all to recreational activities and facilities regardless of interest, age, sex, income, cultural background, housing environment, or handicap. c. Create parks and recreation facilities to meet the needs of local residents of all ages. D. Integrate public recreation with all other public services, such as education, heal th, and tr ansportation. E. Make recreational requirements. l l.' facilities adaptable recreation to future Policies I \._. 1. Evaluate and improve ( if necessary) existing park sites, and undertake annual evaluations, maintenance, and adequate replacement of existing recreational facilities as needed. 2. Develop municipal park and recreation facilities in appropriate areas in accordance with concentrations of population, easy access, environmental sensitivity and natural attractiveness. 3• Encourage the development recreational facilities. 4. Design parks to enhance recreation functions. 5. Establish a network of trails (pedestrian, bicycle, etc.) throughout the City, linking parks and recreation areas. -BO- of private neighborhoods and sector serve �6. Develop a requirement for any new residential development to dedicate land or pay a park fee for public parks, based upon the impact of that development on capacity of existing park facilities. 7. Create a park logo and a consistent design for park signs and furniture. Land Use The proposed land use plan provides the City with elements that are necessary to achieve the goal and the objectives associated with parks and recreation. The overall goal of the parks and recreation plan is to provide the City with an open space system and with parks and recreation facilities that are accessible, affordable, safe and attractive to all residents. The existing park and recreation system in the City will remain intact under the new Plan, along with the dedication of a number of additional areas. Primarily, this includes adding a large tract of land along the City's western border - contiguous with the existing athletic fields and including Spring Brook. This site is essentially to remain as a natural open space area, to include a pedestrian/bike path. A large parcel along the Grand River between North East Street and a residential section on North Michigan Street is also to be reserved as natural open space. Another vacant parcel on the Grand River off of Water Street, south of Blake, is proposed as an additional open space area, and a large parcel between Lake Street and the City's western boundary is to be set aside as open space. Over 170 acres ( 8. 4% of the City's incorporated area) are scheduled to be devoted to recreation and natural open space, not including school facilities. This is an increase of 150 acres over the existing area allocated to recreation and open space use. The land use plan also proposes a bike/pedestrian route throughout the .aol: cit ·rvoi ;fewv efEf-:,i-:,..1 hhn ·f; oit location of parks and river areas, providing easy access to various social and cultural amenities throughout the area. Qualitative Description The intent of this Plan is to identify and formalize those areas of the City that are to be used for recreation and o~en space preservation. The improvement and use of the City's natural resources for the enjoyment of the City's residents and visitors will substantially add to the quality of life in Eaton Rapids. Areas where soils will not allow development, such as the large open space site adjacent to Spring Brook on the City's western boundary, are best preserved and utilized -131- �as natural areas for the enjoyment of the general public. The construction of pathways in these areas, perhaps with interpretive sig nage, would open those areas to the community. Obviously, policies and programs must be adopted and administered to minimize abuse and vandalism. ,__ ,... I • A major component of the City's park/open space system is the development of a linear parkway/open space area adjacent to the Grand River. While it may not be possible to construct hiking/biking paths along the entire length of the City's river system, efforts should be made to make those improvements wherever possible. Particular attention should be paid to the downtown area, where boardwalks, lighting and outdoor dining/entertainiment should be developed, emphasizing the river. Controlled nonmotorized boating on the river should also be encouraged in this area. Private recreation facilities, roller skating rink and other similar indoor activities, should be encouraged to locate within the City, preferably the Central Business District. Implementation Open space, parks and recreation facilities are very important for a community, in the sense that they make life in the . City more enjoyable and attractive. The following are some programs that should be implemented by the City. 0 i' I Eaton Rapids should rehabilitate or develop much of its open space, creating parks and various types of recreation f ac ili ties, such as bike paths, jogging and walking courses, playgrounds, etc. To ensure those facilities, the City should establish a recreation capital improvements program, identifying specific projects and their associated costs and revenue sources as well as project phasing. Those capital improvements should be in conjunction with the recreational improvements identified in the future land use element and be built upon the City's Park and Recreation Plan. This includes a proposed paved bike path, which can also be used as a jogging and walking course. This bike path would connect different parks and open spaces within the City, using the abandoned railroad right-ofway and following the City waterways through a linear open parkway. -132-.. �0 The City Council could create incentives for the private sector to develop recreation facilities around the City, including requiring recreational facilities to be included in residential developments as a prerequisite for site plan approval, if it is determined such development would create additional recreation demands that the City cannot immediately provide. In addition, in 1989 the Parks and Recreation Department has established the following projects to be completed in both the short-and long-term. Short-Term: 1. Rebuild Island Wall. Get the community involved in fund raising. Locate additional funding through grants, foundations, etc. 2. Purchase the railroad property at the Old Athletic Field. 3. Establish green areas in the south end, to include the intersections of Kyle & s. Main St. and Kyle & Kinneville. Long-Term: 1. Purchase the railroad property across from the Old Athletic Field. Expand the r i verwalk from Spring Brook to W. Plains Street. 2. Provide lighting and fencing on diamond #5.* 3. Expand the riverwalk, to include DDA plans. 4. Establish a roadside park in the Industrial Park on lots A, B, or C. *Short-term goal #2 must be accomplished before this can be done. Financing Programs for Parks and Recreation At the state level, projects related with recreation can be financed using the Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund (N.R.T.F.), which replaced the Michigan Land Trust Fund in 1985. The overall goal of the NRTF is to financially assist both the purchase of land for recreation uses, or the protection of the land because of its environmental importance or scenic beauty. Local funding sources for land purchase and/or site improvements include fraternal organizations, a locally generated recreation trust fund, and general obligation bonds. -13'.l- �i t .. . -'I t (. r \. ' .· f . ! L.,_ SECTION VIII TRANSPORTATION ,. \ I f ' ��TRANSPORTATION ' . i I Goal ' Provision of safe, efficient, and accessible transportation methods and facilities available to all residents of the community which are compatible with land uses and minimize intermodel conflicts and negative environmental inputs. I • I Objectives A. the efficient use of existing transportation facilities . while providing for a variety of public-transportation modes as desirable alternatives to the automobile. B. Develop an integrated network of streets, and pedestrian paths in the community. C. Implement street standards for new development which promotes optimum, safety and design relationships and result in construction and maintenance economies. D. Improve and maintain the City's road system. L. /'" i Maximize bikeways Policies ' 1. Make every effort to insure that the transitdependent public will be served, including efficient inter-system scheduling. 2. Provide higher levels of transit service to the community by improving the routing, headways, transit facilities, hours of operation, and the structure of public transportation. 3• Upgrade, improve and maintain parking areas in and around commercial areas, while amending the zonin3 ordinance to apply specific parking standards and requirements for all types of development within the City. 4. Prepare and implement a plan to improve the accessibility, convenience, and efficiency of public transportation in the City, and investigate various alternative methods for financing transportationrelated improvements. 5. Prepare, adopt, and keep up-to-date parking plan for the City. . ,., l I I . ,· - -134- a traffic and �6. Provide bicyclists with a safe and convenient means of traveling to, through, and within the City. 7. Create a barrier-free environment and avoids intermodel conflict. 8. Develop a sidewalk plan that contains standards and guidelines specifying where, when, and what type of facilities should be provided (including barrierfree), including improving pedestrian crossing safety and convenience. 9. Create a pedestrian/transit/bicycle oriented CBD and limit the use of all alleyways to delivery vehicles, bicyclists, and pedestrians. 10. Increase the efficiency of intersections through improved signalization procedures and construction of turning lanes. 11. Include a bicycle lane in each direction along major roads. 12. Continue to require and construct path ramps at all intersections and crosswalks on new sidewalks and streets. 13. Improve existing municipal, in a cost-effective manner. 14. Expand the City's road system to allow for easy access to proposed residential areas and accommodate future residential and commercial development as needed. 15. Improve transportation connections between the east and west sides of the City. that discourages new county and state roads Land Use The transportation plan for Eaton Rapids is formulated to achieve the goal of providing the City with safe, efficient and accessible transportation methods and facilities available to all residents of the community, being compatible with land uses and minimizing intermodel conflicts and negative environmental impacts. The objectives of the transportation plan are: 1. maximize the efficient use of existing transportation facilities while providing for a variety of public-transportation modes as desirable alternatives to the automobile; -135- �2. develop an integrated network of streets, bikeways ana pedestrian paths in the community. 3. implement street standards for new development which promote optimum safety and design relationships and result in construction and maintenance economies; and 4. improve and maintain the city's road systems. ,r. l .J ' I. \ < . The major street plan is essentially the transportation element of the Comprehensive Plan, based primarily on the Street and Road Analysis completed earlier in the text. This element is structured to prqvide general transportation goals for all transportation-related activities in the City, along with specific objectives, strategies and actions. Because of its obvious importance in the functioning of today's society, a solid transportation analysis and plan must be integrated with the land use plan. The planning of an efficient road network in Eaton Rapids, and recommendations for solving existing traffic problems, will help ensure a system which is able to accommodate future traffic as the City changes and grows. Overal~, the City's existing composition of artery, collector and local streets will remain intact, with the major changes associated with extensions of local streets into undeveloped areas and the possible upgrading of some local streets to become collector streets, as future development warrants. Since a great deal of Eaton Rapids is still undeveloped, a specific street system does not exist along the perimeter of most of the City. Roads which have been recently added on the east for new development, and those proposed for the future, are all local streets. Angling (nonlinear) street systems should be encouraged in future residential development to contribute to design aesthetics and deter excess speed. All existing unpaved streets should be paved, and improved with curb and gutter. Assuming a general increase in traffic volumes for each area of the City in the near and distant future, a much more indepth traffic analysis should be undertaken by the City. This is especially critical for areas of the City which are designated for more commercial development and higher density residential uses, which will generate more traffic. • A study with greater detail will also be able to include specific planning principles. This involves the development of certain standards for the various types of streets (width, parking, movement, signage, etc), and the coordination of a local plan with adjacent municipalities and with regional and state planning agencies. -136- �,i._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ @ ----hi I usn. • I I l I I I I -r-CITY OF EATON RAPlbS EATON COUNTY, MICHIGAN EATON RAPIDS COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT PLAN legend MAP 18 FUTURE STREET PLAN STREET CLASSIFICATIONS ARTERIAL Z2.ZZZllZZ2Z COLLECTOR @ LOCAL - 137- Gove Associates Inc. �,_,. . ' r ,: J .. As part of a thorough traffic analysis, a detailed investigation of existing and future parking demands is needed. As the City grows and more activities take place, an increased parking demand will be felt by both residents and visitors. Because of the possible diversity of activities in the City, the demands for parking will fluctuate (i.e., the greatest demand for parking spaces will not always occur during business hours). Specific points in the City will have to be identified and improved as vehicular parking lots and new development (or alterations to existing structures) should meet approved parking requirements as presented in the text of the Zoning Code. Downtown merchants have already voiced their concern regarding an inadequate parking system. The construction of sidewalks, curbs and gutters along existing streets that do · not contain these improvements, should be a priority item related to street improvements. At the same time, all new development should be required to include these amenities. Sidewalk maintenance programs, funded by both the City and property owners, should be used to ensure safe and functional walKways. i ' Because a transportation plan is not limited solely to individual vehicular traffic, mention should also be made of public transportation, bicyclists, service/delivery vehicles and pedestrian walkways. Although these four forms of transportation account for only a small portion of the area's total traffic volume, they are an integral part of any City fabric - especially in a community the size of Eaton Rapids. The harmonious functioning of these elements are essential to the City so that it does not become predominately vehicularoriented. As City streets are constructed or expanded, ample provision should be made to accommodate bicyclists and pedestrians. Further, the land use plan calls for a bicycle/ pedestrian path throughout the City which is free of motorized vehicles. To serve those residents who prefer (or are dependent upon) public transportation, the City should explore and maximize the most efficient use of these facilities. Qualitative Description The previously completed Street and Road Analysis identified a number of problem areas in the City. It also presented goals and objectives, strategies and actions to follow which will help remedy these situations and guide the City in the future. In summary, this includes: • Problem Areas: Vehicular congestion downtown 1. Conflict between various forms of traffic 2. Poor street alignment 3• Lack of sufficient parking 4. Poor condition and/or lack of pedestrian walks 5. -138- �6. 7. Community is too 'vehicular-oriented' Lack of standards/regulators to guide trafficrelated issues during and after development and during short- and long-range planning. Proposed Changes: Build new bridge across Grand River to connect 1. Michigan Street with North East Street. Explore and establish new parking standards and 2. requirements Identify and use specific areas for parking lots, 3. ramps, etc., making use of various forms (i.e., permit parking, metered, commuter lots, shoppers only, etc . ) Establish and institute standards for pedestrian 4. walks and bicycle paths Provide for maximum use of EATRAN and other public 5. transportation facilities Purchase available Michigan Central railroad right6. of-way for construction of local and collector streets between Hyatt and West streets and as an extension of Kimbark Avenue southeast to the City Limits. Implementation Improvements in transit facilities such as streets, sidewalks, sig nali za tion, lighting and parking spaces, are a prerequisite for economic development. For this reason it is important to implement the following actions: o The City of Eaton Rapids should improve street conditions. According to recent information provided by the City of Eaton Rapids there is a total of 24,495 feet of streets that require improvements, which represents around 16 percent of the total street area in the City. These improvements should be included in a street and roads capital improvements program. Special assessments, Act 51 revenues, and tax increment financing programs, as well as allocations from the City's general fund represent various means of conducting street and sidewalk repairs and improvements. 0 The City Council could create a program to increase the number of parking spaces in and around commercial areas of the City of Eaton Rapids. �Such a program should include the identification of possible sites and a study of the feasibility of purchasing those sites and their adaptation to parking spaces. 1, 0 ; ' . • ••t. A comprehensive bike route should be laid out within the City, utilizing separate bike paths and bike lanes in appropriate areas. The construction of bicycle routes within the City, connecting downtown with some neighborhoods around the City, is a complementary action associated with both transportation and recreation. The development of this system should be identified in a long-range capital improvements program, specifying those increments to be constructed or designated during each year of the program. Financing Programs for Transportation The U.S. Department of Transportation provides funds that can be used to develop a community's infrastructure and improves its communications network. Funds are available through the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA). Two of its programs are the Capital Improvement Grant, which helps finance the purchase, construction, reconstruction and improvement of equipment and facilities for use in mass transportation service in both urban and nonurban areas; and Section 5, Capital and Operating Assistance Formula Grants, which has the same purpose as the Capital Improvements Grant Program, but provides additional aid for payment of operating expenses. Publicly and privately owned operators of mass transportation services are eligible to apply for this program. The Michigan Transportation Economic Development Fund is a recently passed piece of legislation that provides revenues to meet the demands that economic development places on highways, roads and streets. This program is available to local government units (such as Eaton Rapids) having roadway responsibility as well as to the Michigan Department of Transportation. There are six categories that qualify for funding: 1) highway projects related economic development projects; 2) additions to the state trunkline system; 3) reduction of congestion on primary county roads and major city streets within counties with a population greater than 400,000; 4) road improvements in counties with a population of 400,000 or less to create an all-season road network; 5) construction/reconstruction of roads essential to development of commercial forests; and 6) road and street improvements in cities in counties with a population of 400,000 or less. Categories one and six would be applicable to Eaton Rapids. -·140- �,., ... '!.·.· I . I . l \ ~ I i. !. SECTION IX PUBLIC FACILI.TIES, SCHOOLS, SERVICES �PUBLIC FACILITIES, SCHOOLS AND SERVICES Goal ' , Improve the area's existing public and cultural facilities to accommodate existing needs and provide additional facilities and services to serve present and future population. Objectives l. f i A. Provide adequate public facilities (i.e. water, sewer, etc.) to allow vacant areas to develop as indicated on the proposed land use plan. B. Ensure that all public facility improvements provide Eaton Rapid's residents with the highest social and economic benefits and the least amount of negative impacts on the environment (air, water, noise, etc. ) • C. Maximize the extended use of existing public facilities for year-round and evening use. D. Promote the development of schools and institutions for post-high school education. E. Provide transportation and recreation opportunities in proximity to centers of student population. F. Encourage use of public school sites for and - after - school child care. i .: before Policies \ 1. Construct feeder systems for water and sewer to serve selected vacant areas, to be paid for by those who would benefit in an equitable manner. 2. Reduce any sewage Grand River. 3. Provide separate sanitary and storm sewers for all new development, and take action to separate any existing combination systems. 4. Ensure that the Planning Commission reviews all public works projects for environmental, economic, social and land use impacts. 5. Place new elementary school sites in centrally located areas of residential development; schools should not be located on arterials. l '- overflows -14!.;._ or dumping into the �6. To provide adequate space for cultural for which there is a demonstrated need. activities 7. Provide for adequate office and maintenance facilities for City government functions, which are easily accessible to the general public. Land Use Public Administration The City should see little to no change in its form and hierarchy of municipal administration. As the City expands in both development and population, additional employees will probably be required, especially in public safety and public service (e.g. blue collar employment} jobs. However, at this time the primary concern seems to be the consolidation of City facilities and buildings. It has been indicated that grouping of services and employee work stations/offices would provide a greater benefit to the public as a whole. Public Safety The City police and fire departments should have relatively few changes in the future, other than to maintain their existing facilities and remain up to date in their procedures. They may face the possibility of an expanded staff in the future, as the population of the City rises. Schools Assuming the number of school children in the Eaton Rapids system increases proportionally to the projected total population of the area, the City will contribute an additional 131 students in the next twenty years ( 4. 3% increase). The existing facilities should be adequate to accommodate this increase. However, looking at the total planning area which includes Hamlin and Eaton Rapids Townships - an addition of approximately 645 students could be realized. This may produce a significant change among teachers and apministrators, as well as cramped facilities and resources. Educational administrators and staff should now be looking at different areas in the City and Townships where new development is likely to occur. These areas should be given high priority for the establishment of a neighborhood school concept. At the same time, consideration should be given to design standards for additions and/or new facilities at existing structures and grounds. -142- �Library I, The Eaton Rapids library could be significantly more successful with a little more community involvement and a reactivation of former support groups. With the space opportunities for expansion possible, more supplies and materials could be available for library users. Additionally, cooperative privileges could be expanded, providing greater resources for the residents of the area. To help produce a higher quality and more successful library, funds should be collected from the Townships. This will supplement the current funding sources: general fund, state aid, and penal fines. A concentrated effort should also be made to reestablish - and maintain - specific support groups such as the Friends of the Library. Social Services The Senior Citizen Office in Eaton Rapids appears to be successful in serving senior citizens in the area, as a wide range of programs and activities are offered to older citizens. A variety and diversity of events (luncheons/dinners, educational seminars, trips, home meal delivery, counseling, etc.) are scheduled to appeal to a wide range of the seniors in the community. Funding for these programs, however, is inadequate at this time, particularly in regard to staffing at the Center. Revenues are provided through the United Fund, Tri-County Office of Aging, the City of Eaton Rapids, Eaton Rapids Public Schools, and various capital producing projects which the citizens stage themselves. The VFW National Home appears to be adequately serving its purpose, although on a much larger scale. Located outside of the City, the Home still impacts upon the residents of the area as it provides housing, schooling, and other services to single parents and children. Volunteer ism is becoming a more important element in providing social services to the general public, particularly at a time when federal programs devoted to social programs are decreasing. To coordinate and facilitate volunteer efforts in Eaton Rapids, local nonprofit social service organizations should form a "volunteer bank". Such a program would act as a clearinghouse for residents who wish to provide their time and effort in the community. Medical Services Existing medical services appear adequate to serve the community. This includes the hospital on south Main Street, ambulance service from Charlotte, the Springport Medical Clinic, and the Eaton Rapids Medical Clinic. -143-- �Water Supply and Distribution Network The existing system has an "excess capacity of approximately 800 persons, which could be increased to approximately 1,700 persons by replacing the plant's high service pumps with new units. This project would cost between $50 and $75 thousand (1988 dollars). With respect to the distribution system, the existing transmission main network (8, 10, 12 inch water mains) requires several improvements to complete the arterial transmission loop around and through the City water service area. Additional storage capacity is also required to supplement the present 250,000 gallon storage tank. Accordingly, the Water Distribution Network Analysis2 recommended the construction of a storage facility (at Greyhound Drive) in conjunction with the proposed southern loop transmission main (8, 10, 12 inch). The project has an estimated cost of $1,425,000 (1987 dollars). Storm Sewer System The storm sewer master plan for the City of Eaton Rapids was presented in 19783, but as little has been done, the plan is still valid. In this plan the City is divided into eleven sections and each one is analyzed according to the existing sewer system, recommending some improvements when they are required. There are three developments that need special attention: construction of a trunk sewer in Jackson Street in order to attend the needs of the industrial area, construction of a new trunk sewer along Forest and Leonard streets, and construction of a sewer in Hall, Knight and Mill streets, to solve problems in the downtown area. 2capitol Consultants, "Water Distribution Network Analysis for the City of Eaton Rapids, Michigan". (May, 1987) 3capitol Consultants, "Storm Sewer Master Plan, City of Eaton Rapids, Michigan". (March, 19 78) -144- �t ..• Sanitary Sewer System According to the capacity of the wastewater treatment facilities, prepared by private consultants for the City of Eaton Rapids (March, 1988) 4, all interceptor sewers have adequate capacity to handle present flows, except the River Crossing sewer. The siphons of this sewer should be replaced with larger siphons, with an estimated cost of between $75,000 and $100,000 (1988). On the other hand, the wastewater treatment plant has to be upgraded in order to expand its hydraulic loading and its organic treatment capacity, which is overloaded due to industrial waste. An alternative action to reduce organic loadings (and costs) is the implementation of the Industrial Pretreatment Program ( IPP). Costs without IPP would be in the range of $740,000 and $1,050,000, while implementing IPP, costs would be reduced to the range of $305,000 to $485,000 (1988 dollars). Solid Waste Disposal iI '. In the future, the City may wish to consider public pickup of the solid waste generated by residents and businesses. This is generally funded through property taxes, although various alternatives are available. However, at this time, private hauling of waste appears acceptable for the City. Residential, commercial and industrial recycling should be encouraged. To facilitate recycling, the City should study the feasibility of providing a collection facility for recyclable materials to the general public. Cemetery ', .. Rose Hill Cemetery adequately serves the community's needs, and should continue to do so in the future. If expansion is ever necessary, enough land is available on different sides to significantly increase the cemetery size. Qualitative Description I ' i i.. The City's infrastructure must be maintained to ensure existing residents and businesses are adequately served and expanded to meet future demand as well as to promote the City 4capitol Consultants, "Capacity Evaluation water Supply and Wastewater Treatment Facilities, City of Eaton Rapids, Michigan." (March, 1988) -145- �• I in attempts to attract new development and investment. At the same time, Eaton Rapids, as other cities, has limited financial resources to provide such facilities and services. Consequently, each facility and program that is proposed requiring municipal funds should be thoroughly reviewed to determine if it can be efficiently utilized for more than one purpose. All of the City government's real property should be maintained and improved to meet changing demands and functional design requirements. City Hall should be a priority in a municipal program for capital improvements. The existing facility should be studied to determine if it could or should be renovated and remodeled, or if a new City Hall should be constructed. Aside from the City Hall, police station, library and all other municipal facilities should be adequate to serve the City's needs over the next 20 years. Maintenance and ( in the case of water, stormwa ter and sanitary sewer lines) expansion of existing facilities should be the primary focus of municipal operation over the planning period. Implementation To maintain, expand and, in some cases, upgrade the City's facilities and services, the following implementation measures are suggested: o Develop a five year capital improvements program, utilizing City officials and private sector representatives to provide recommendations for specific projects. o Review and revise, as necessary, the City's policies and standards for new residential, commercial and industrial development as they pertain to municipal infrastructure. o Work with the City's senior center and areawide Council on Aging to increase the level of funding available to the Center. One possibility would be to expand funding sources to include the townships of Eaton Rapids and Hamlin, since seniors living in these townships have access to the Senior Center. 0 Coordinate with Eaton Rapids Public Schools to maximize the use of the school district's resources, including education and recreation facilities and programs, for the City's residents. -146- · :::; �0 Meet with school representatives to discuss the establishment of an after-school day care program for children of working parents using school facilities. Study the potential of utilizing senior citizens (particularly those associated with the Senior Center) to staff after-school day care. 0 Require that all major public works capital by the improvement projects be reviewed Planning Commission for coordination of consistency with this Comprehensive Plan. 0 Establish an annual survey of City residents to obtain feedback on attitudes and ideas and to provide a mechanism for positive public relations. Financing Programs for Public Facilities, School and Services The U.S. Department of Agriculture, through the Farmers Home Administration, offers two different programs related to public facilities and infrastructure. These are, Community Facility Loans and Water and Waste Disposal Systems for Rural Communities. The first program is aimed at the construction, extension, or improvement of community facilities that provide essential services to rural residents. The second program provides project grants and direct loans for new and improved water and waste disposal facilities for rural communities (open country or towns with less than 10,000 population). Public bodies and nonprofit corporations are eligible applicants for these programs, however, there are additional restrictions that have to be reviewed before applying for a program. At the state and local levels there are some programs that have been mentioned before that could be used by the City of Eaton Rapids to finance public facilities and infrastructure related projects. Community Development Block Grant Programs, administered by the Michigan Department of Commerce and MSHDA, provides resources for infrastructure and public facilities improvements when linked to either economic development or targeted home improvement programs. It has to be stressed that the economic development grants administered by the Michigan Department of Commerce are awarded based on the impact the project will have on job creation. Therefore, those projects looking for financing resources from the CDBG program have to be presented in a way that shows their linkages to the economic development of the community. -147- �A state program that can be used to finance local projects is the Michigan Municipal Bond Authority (MMBA). This program was designed to provide Michigan municipalities with low interest bonds by using the state's high bond market rating. The MMBA is authorized to issue bonds to make loans to local communities through the purchase of municipal obligations. This way municipalities do not have to enter the bond market on their own, but combine with other local units to gain access to highly rated low interest bond financing. These resources could be especially useful to finance infrastructure related projects such as water and sewer system improvements. At the local level the City could finance its infrastructure and public facilities projects using local tax revenues, combined with federal and state loans and grants. General obligation bonds, special assessment bonds and revenue bonds could be issued by the City to finance these programs. In addition, special tax assessments could be used. .. l 0 ' -148- �• I ...... i .' [ I ' . ! ' . ; I l L . ' . ' . ' SECTION X COMMUNITY HEALTH AND SAFETY �COMMUNITY HEALTH AND SAFETY Goals Provide adequate public health and safety programs facilities and equipment through coordination among the City's service providers. Eliminate the hazards to health and safety that may exist in the City. Provide effective and economical police, fire and emergency services to residents. Ensure that cost-effective social services are available in response to public needs. Make adequate medical services available to all residents. Objectives A. Eliminate 75 percent of all existing hazards in the City by 1995 which are detrimental to the heal th, safety, and welfare of the residents. B. Prohibit potential hazards from developing. C. Increase public awareness of fire and other natural hazards, and of methods to avoid or mitigate the effects of these hazards. D. Insure that critical facilities will function during and after a disaster. E. Ensure quality fire prevention and protection facilities and equipment, and maintain or increase current performance levels of police, fire and emergency personnel. F. Work with health providers to ensure consistent, high quality health care to the City's residents and promote health maintenance programs and events. G. Encourage volunteer ism within the community to assist in providing health care to the elderly and economically disadvantaged. H. Incorporate fire and crime protection measures into development planning. I. Encourage the continuation and expansion of social services necessary to serve Eaton Rapids residents, including financially supporting these services provided locally that are determined to be costeffective in meeting local needs. -149- �Policies 1. Coordinate information and programs with the City's volunteer fire department to ensure that the department is aware of the most recent training, technology and equipment available. 2. Establish an implementable and practical communitywide disaster response plan utilizing citizen input and make every effort to educate the public about the plan. 3. Work with local health care providers to encourage community-wide events that promote health maintenance for all age groups. 4. Initiate a volunteer program that encourages local health care professionals to donate time to provide limited free examinations to economically disadvantaged residents. 5. Work with the hospital to ensure continued operation of the facility and expansion of health care programs. 6. Encourage community-wide health and fitness programs through public and private promotion and development of public recreation/exercise facilities. Land Use The City has a valuable resource in the Eaton Rapids Community Hospital. That f ac il i ty should form the nucleus for heal th care activities in the City and private medical offices should be located adjacent to the hospital. The expansion of the City's recreation/open space areas will also impact community health by providing facilities for walking, jogging and biking. School facilities should continue to be available for recreation by local residents. The fire department and police department should remain within the downtown area, to be easily accessible to all parts of the City. Senior centers and nursing care homes should be located in areas designated for multiple-family development and be within quick response distance to the hospital. Qualitative Description The provision of health and safety facilities and services is a major component of community living. An effective police and fire department, as well as quality medical service, is very important to most residents, particularly senior citizens. The proliferation of crime, particularly in large -150- �,- .., cities, has made small community and rural living more attractive to many people. The perception of a particular community as safe is one of the more important er i ter ia. a person or household will use in the process of deciding to relocate into that community. Therefore, in attempt to accommodate new development, the City should achieve and maintain a reputation as a safe place in which to live. At the same time, every effort must be made to increase er ime prevention measures to combat the predictable increase in crime associated with increasing population. Consequently, the City, and its police and fire departments, should develop programs to include the general public in crime prevention, including education, and to work with th.e area's youth to institute alternatives to crime-related activities and behavior. Health maintenance should be strongly encouraged within the City. To promote heal th maintenance, the City should work with the Eaton Rapids Community Hospital and local physicians to establish a "health fair", to be held over a one or two day period each year, with booths, displays and exhibits regarding health care and health maintenance principles, along with more conventional fair rides, food booths, etc. The City should also encourage a local organization to sponsor local exercise and fitness events, such as a walk, fun-run and other similar activities. The City should also adopt a housing maintenance code, with inspection of rental units and possible inspection of owneroccupied uni ts upon sale of · the house. A community-wide disaster plan should be developed and widely advertised throughout the community. Other local events that promote health and safety and increase the community's awareness of health and safety practices should be encouraged and, as necessary, initiated by the City, involving volunteers. Implementation The following actions related to heal th and safety, education, hazard prevention and social service effectiveness are recommended: 1. Identify existing hazards (i.e., poor intersections, high fire areas, etc.) and prepare an elimination program by 1990, involving the Planning Commission working with the Police, Fire, and Engineering Departments to identify alternative solutions and cost estimates. 2. Implement and enforce various procedures and standards for handling, transporting, and disposing of hazardous materials throughout its City. -151.- �3. Review all new developments to identify possible safety and health hazards and impacts on future capacity. 4. Establish and enforce standards for noise, air, and water quality/supply for existing and proposed development, and continue to monitor their level of quality. 5. Maintain an updated disaster response plan that identifies and provides for essential emergency facilities to ensure that they will function in the event of a disaster.· 6. Allow land uses in areas prone to natural hazards only with appropriate mitigation procedures. 7. Cooperate with other public agencies to store, organize, distribute, and administer emergency medical equipment, supplies, services, and communication systems. 8. Have the Police Chief and Fire Chief annually review the performance of their respective departments and other departments from which the City obtains emergency services (i.e., paramedics). 9. Expand the annual police and fire reports to include a performance evaluation which would cover such areas as response times, information on public relations, lives saved or protected, etc., and note any possible trends or future problems due to new developments, shifting population, etc. 10. Ensure that the Police and Fire Departments continue to train personnel in first aid and CPR, and that classes in these areas be promoted through the schools. 11. Require any agencies requesting funding to submit an annual performance report to the Council and City Administrator. 12. Prepare a report which investigates costeffective alternatives in providing for the needs of the public. 13. Provide local information and referral service for parents seeking child care. -152- �14. Establish a volunteer network that will link programs that require volunteer efforts with local residents that desire to provide their time and services. 15. Establish a panel comprised of the police chief, fire chief, building inspector and private residents to develop and promote a community-wide disaster response and hazard elimination plan. Such a plan should identify solutions to eliminate most existing hazards in the City within a 10 year period. 16. Adopt and enforce a municipal housing code that is applicable to rental and owner-occupied units. vacant rental and owner-occupied units should be inspected for code violations. 17. Meet with Eaton Rapids Community Hospital officials and local physicians to discuss the possibility of establishing a "health fair". 18. Meet with local businessmen and volunteer groups to determine interest in establishing and sponsoring an annual "fun-run". Meet with school and hospital officials to encourage them to co-sponsor community physical fitness programs and periodic physical fitness events. 19. Meet with Ea ton Rapids Community Hospital and physicians and their staff to encourage them to donate their time ( annually or semi-annually) to provide free health checkup services to those residents that are economically disadvantaged. The City or school district could Qrovide the facilities and promotional effort for such a program. 20. Establish a household hazardous waste collection program, whereby residents are encouraged to drop-off their household hazardous wastes at a specified time and location. This should be undertaken in conjunction with the County Health Department. 21. with the fire and pol ice departments to define and establish annual performance goals and standards. Work Financing Programs for Community Health and Safety As in the other elements called for in this Plan, financing for community health and safety programs will consist of a .:.J.53-- �combination of public and private funding sources. Police and fire capital and operation expenditures are included in the City's annual budget. Revenue is comprised primarily from local property taxes and state shared revenue. At the present time, there are no available state and federal programs designed specifically to assist in funding police and fire protection. Therefore, the primary source of revenue for these public safety components will continue to be generated locally. Major capital improvements, if needed, could be funded through a general obligation bond issue. This should, however, be a means of last resort. The potential also exists of encouraging the judicial system to allow the police department to confiscate the property of convicted drug felons and sell such property for drug enforcement revenue, and to require those convicted of driving under the influence of alcohol to reimburse the community for the costs of arrest and prosecution as well as victims of any accident resulting from drunk driving. Most of the programs and projects identified in this section would be financed primarily from business and individual contributions and volunteer labor. In conjunction with this local resource, fund-raising events, such as arts and craft sales, walk-a-thons and similar activities could be established. The City should work with these volunteer groups to encourage fund-raising events for health and safety programs and ensure that they are coordinated. -154- �r . . '· tf I - ! ;' I I SECTION XI NATURAL RESOURCES, ENERGY CONSERVATION �NATURAL RESOURCES, ENERGY CONSERVATION Goal To have a harmonious relationship between the natural environment and the activities of the Eaton Rapids community, minimizing negative impacts of one upon the other to the benefit of both. Objectives f -· ; A. Continue to develop recreational and cultural opportunities along the Grand River and Spring Brook in a manner sensitive to the environment • B. Preserve and protect the rivers and streams in Eaton Rapids in their natural state as open spaces, natural resources, and habitats. C. Use waterways as a starting /focal point when considering adjacent land uses, redevelopment of existing areas, and new development. D. Regulate, provide, and monitor controls on urban development relative to soil conditions, ground cover, and climate in Eaton Rapids. E. Recycle solid waste when possible and promote conservation of nonrenewable energy resources. .. ' ,I@ ,. the Policies 1. Continue to emphasize the Island Park and its linkage to the downtown. 2. Adopt appropriate modifications (i.e. control plan), and institute a flood plain ment ordinance to reflect requirements Federal Flood Insurance Program, along natural resources management plan. 3. Maintain wetland areas (marshes, swamps, bogs, etc.) as a naturally occurring habitat for many biotic species. 4. Provide for the retention of natural vegetation in all areas of the City, primarily in areas with new development, and establish screening requirements for all new developments. 5. Carefully control all activities and development in the floodway and floodplain. -155.:. erosion manageof the with a �r----. 6. Improve the quality of water in the Grand River and its tributaries, while monitoring water levels and reducing peak flood flow rates, as necessary. 7. Encourage water-orientated activities/recreation in and around waterways, including river routes for biking, jogging, etc. 8. Emphasize and ensure public access to the waterways in Eaton Rapids, where feasible. 9. Provide safe and adequate access across waterways for motorists, bicyclists, and pedestrians. 10. Identify specific areas in the City which would provide greater visibility to the waterways, and develop the areas accordingly. 11. Encourage and ·manage public and private plantings to create and preserve tree cover in the ·City, while maintaining the functional aspects of plant materials (microclimate). 12. Provide land use controls (zoning, site plan review) which permit appropriate flexible design responses to existing soil conditions and problems. 13. Preserve and protect the waterways in the City by monitoring existing and proposed development for the type and amount of waste/discharge of any kind into the rivers. 14. Continue to provide specific open areas in the City (primarily undeveloped land due to poor soils, heavily wooded areas, etc.). 15. Investigate the aquisi tion of property rights, and provide specific development controls to protect environmentally sensitive areas. 16. Promote solid waste recycling. 17. Encourage conservation of energy consumption. 18. Establish gram. 19. Encourage volunteer interest and involvement in recycling. an areawide recycling -156- facility and pro- �Land Use r, j . The future land use element of this plan identifies those areas of the City that are to be set aside for open space and recreation. The majority of that land (150 acres) or about 86 percent of all land devoted to open space and recreation will be preserved in its natural state. Linear greenbelts along both sides of the Grand River and surrounding Spring Brook are major components of the open space system. The intent of preserving these areas as natural open spaces is to protect encroachment of development upon the City's river system while opening them up to public use, as well as define those areas that are undevelopable and establish them as formal natural preserve areas for use by the community. \. Qualitative Description The system of open space and recreation land within the City will be designed to integrate formal active and passive recreation with open space preservation and conservation. The City's existing parks will continue to exist and contain amenities such as ball diamonds, playground equipment and picnicing facilities. About one-half of the area designated as natural, open space will be limited to hiking/biking trials, interpretive signage and limited picnicing facilities. More specifically, pathways should be constructed where possible, along the Grand River within the linear greenbelt, primarily from State Street north to the City's northern limits. The linear. greenbelt on the southside of Spring Brook and the large acreage designated as open space, west of Hyatt Street will be preserved as natural open area, with improvement limited to a walking/biking path, interpretive signs and possibly picnic areas. The open space area west of Lake Street will in essence remain undeveloped and possibly linked to the open space site south of Brook Street at a later point in time. The designated open space areas east of north Michigan and east of Water Street will also remain unimproved for the duration of the Plan. New development will be reviewed for approval utilizing established criteria and standards for preserving open spaces within such development. Implementation To establish a coordinated open space/recreation system, the City should take the following steps: 1. Establish a citizen committee to recommend specific sites that should be preserved as open space. -157- �2. The committee should undertake a detailed analysis of the general areas (as well as other possible sites) identified in this Plan to determine their desirability and potential as open space/natural areas. 3. The City should accept and review the results of the committee study and recommendations and establish a schedule for acquisition. 4. The resultant acquisition projects should be incorporated into the City's capital improvement programs. 5. The City will establish site plan review standards for new planned residential, commercial and industrial development that considers natural preservation of appropriate areas on the site. Financing for Natural Resources, Energy Conservation Acquisition of larger parcels for greenbelt and open space preservation should utilize the Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund as a primary funding source. Other statewide environmental organizations should also be contacted to determine the potential for obtainin9 their financial or professional assistance. Private developers required to provide open space within their developments will incur the costs of preserving these areas (i.e. opportuntiy costs that have been lost by not utilizing the land for its maximum development potential). The City should set aside a certain portion of its annual budget to make energy conservation improvements to City facilities as needed. -J.58- r'\ �. ' \ . r- . i I •• r ·. i ! • IMPLEMENTATION �DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES f ' I ' ' I _; Now that the future development plan, including the proposed land use plan, has been described, the implementation of the Plan is facilitated by the establishment of a schedule for phasing the development program over the life of the Plan. Such a schedule should be based on the most immediate needs and demands of the City, a realistic assessment of the capacity of each phase of the program to be implemented (usually cost is the major factor) and the overall impact of the program on the quality of life in the City. The phasing program for the City of Eaton Rapids Comprehensive Plan is established according to 'development areas'. The programs are scheduled to be completed in five year increments over the 20 year life of this Plan. That is, Phase I improvement areas are scheduled for development within the first five years, Phase II areas are to be improved during years 6 through 10, Phase III areas during the 11th through 15th year and Phase IV from years 16 through 20. These development areas and projects are identified in the following table and depicted on Map 19. These priorities are intended as general guidelines for the City in establishing scheduling of projects and undertaking detailed analysis and evaluation of those projects. The City's Capital Improvement Plan and Program should follow this sequence of phasing for area development. The Planning and Zoning Commission should undertake more specific projects that define the recommendations in this Plan in greater detail and in accordance with this schedule. In effect, this schedule is an important component of the implementation efforts associated with this Plan and should be referred to as a guide for further detailed planning and programming. l .. , -159- �TABIE 34 SCHEDULED PHASES OF DEVEWPMENT Developnent Area ( 1) M::>bile Hone Park Hyatt Street Infrastructure or Public Irrprovenents Needed Phase Public Inprovenent Planni~ Phase I (2) MUltiple-Family/Office None - City Utilities in Place Private Inprovenents Necessary Brook/Dexter Phase I (3) Cormercial Errphasis S. ?-Bin Phase I ( 4) DOA Ri verwalk None - City Utilities in Place Private Inprovenents Public Irrprovenents Needed and Land Acquisition North South (5) Cornnunity Developnent & & W=st Section East Section Phase I Phase II Possible Expansion of City Utilities - Private Developnent Phase II None - Utilities in Place Private Irrprovenents Phase II Michigan Avenue ( 7) Recreation Area S.W. City Limits Public Irrprovenents Needed Sone Land Acquisition Phase III ( 8) Recreation Area N.E. City Limits Public Inprovenents Needed City Owns Property Phase III ( 9) Recreation Area water Street Public Irrprovenents Needed Land Acquisition Phase IV Needs Expanded Utilities Phase IV Needs Expanded Utilities Phase IV Horner Property (6) MUltiple-Family (10) P.U.D. Northeast City Limits ( ll) P.U.D. N.W. City Limits OCOURCE: EATON RAPIDS PLANNING AND ZONING COMMISSION -160- �• CJ C f l) a, ..... fl) w E a: ·- a: fl) fl) w ~ a, ~ CJ 0 Q .,.. 0, 1□ r. ·0 '[~ ' .. f _,ii:=:~G~--,,§ ::::==;:;:;~:? . ,OXIAfO " ~ l ¥ % □=D"'rJIL - . ·[JLI , --__. ..-...;,_~- - . ; ; ~ ~ ~ ' ..,,, ~ Uft · ]Oo l > ·W C ~ i · , . . . . . .. • : // 1/ j g . LU ; .' • .ffl ' •'i • □□Li~~D UJ• - LU a: a. :E 0 I z 1000 00 000000000 • 00000 0 0 00 0000~ o....o.....o0o0o0o0o~o,,_~o.. . ---t-- ~ <1> LU J: a: t) O OO OO OOOOOOOOC 000 0 0000000000 , _ -"' <( 10 00 00 000000000 00 0 0.0 0 00000000 ---~- LU > z "'-aC. - ooo o ~ooooooc 000000 • oooooooo c · C u t> ooo o ooooooooo c 0 00 00 000000000 , > LU 'I) tff 1 ~ t I 00 I 000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 000000000000000 09P090090Q.£>~O~o~o~o~o= ....-,:t:!,.~ @) I :E a. l':'"J~ '. ; ~6~ · E'j ·••. q- I ..... f. ~ - -- -·-.:. -:=::= .::--,-=-=+---~ ,.,_'~"-:.;.:= ..======c=-.-:= ..,,.n, 0 w a. ;; ·::- . . DD@ □□□ ~CJgi .. .,.~q □ -··· 11~_~ ·. ·. □p1 ~DE!r1o~D§J 1...-...,,.=-·- . . . ·-· .{?~: : .. C, ..J zLU ~ C_j :> 0 0 1- l ...z :e :e 0. z < .J & '--=:, ~)II CJDOI ' '"" 100 □ D . . ,. ~ 0. c( 0. - . _ _ _1· ! 0 ~ LU ._ I -161- �Implementation Schedule -. I • I .' I.' The following Implementation Schedule relates recommended programs to participants, project phasing and funding sources. The programs are in conformance with the suggestions and recommendations identified in the various sections of this Study, while the action associated with each program is a more specific performance or exercise intended to carry out that program. The participants that are responsible for undertaking each action are identified. In those instances where more than one participant is involved, coordination is necessary. The time or phasing of each action is stipulated in years. Funding sources are identified for each action as primary or secondary. Primary sources are those that should supply the majority of the financing for a particular action. Secondary funds are intended to supplement the primary revenue sources. Special assessments refer to either a tax assessment levied against specified properties by the City for a particular public improvement or by the Downtown Development Authority or the Local Development Finance Authority sponsored activities. Contributions refer to personal or group voluntary contributions as well as fees and dues, etc., levied against merchants or groups. The list of funding sources is by no means exhaustive and should be added to and updated as new sources are found and existing financial programs change. This chart is to be used as a general guide and its utility lies in its ability to unify and coordinate the various recommendations associated with this Plan. -162- �PARTICIPANIS TIMIN:; FWOm:;SCXJiCB • P r ~ _O ~~-'~- TABLE 35 ~ 11 YEAR- IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE I POLICllS LAND USE __ . _ .. _ ___ __ _ _ ~~ .1Cl'Im . __ __ Pericafcilly review land use procedures - SAME C.OOrdina~ land use plan with ne!_g_hbor- - Pr!:5ram ~iodic ueetings bet"Ween ing- tc,.mships tD,.mship and city r~resentatives Prroote areas suitable for different - Contact developers ~ of develcpient Iii I I I ~±I tt t1~tl b.Ji!,lil I I I I . . . . . ., I • RESIDENTIAL I r-' O'I w I Create a CcmnunityDevelo;rrent _~iporati'Oll Study ]pisibility of est.ablishlng a I public private _partnership to develop multi-family projects Prcm:,te naintenance of quality older hcrres PrCJTOte deTOiiHon of seve:-ely dilapidated housing units - Solicit local interest in fanning neighborhocd or areawide CDC's - Stud:t: housinq needs in the ci tyz cxmtact_private developers l&I I I I I I I__L~ I I I I Ill ~ 11 ~ I ~LLLL~m - O:rnnunit 1t en for well uaintain 0 er - Use powers of condemnation (cnly as last resort) I I - COMMERCIAL Prarote develqxrent of the CBO Develop incentives for rehabTI1tat1cn an..!.£reservation of do.mt.a..n - Establish a TIF plan and r29ram · - Purchase and rehabilitate:reircdel deteriorated prc:perties and sell at l0w narket rate - Prem:> 1 events - Form tee to solicit ures ~~ 11 ru. t - Acqw pr 111111 Ir the city . Research and establish tax incre:rent financing ~ram I ■ -· ~ sewer an water sys t etc. - St~:t:.advantages~disadvantages - i f ~ ] p:,s1tive, establish a Iocal Devel- · · · · · ~ HI I I I I I I ..i ~ ~~r:s~rll~::=urage I I I I I I 11 I I I I laa I I I I 1· 1 FT~• finance _p_rCQram ) ) ) �J :-····•- . ) 1/ """"' PARTICIPrwu,3 -~ Prarote industrial develocrrent Prarote local e,oloVITEnt O'I ~ I c,,:,t.tc,,:, n,:, - '•~ ·· OPEN SPACE. PARKS AND RECREATION Rehabilitate ~ snace TRANSPORTATION Tnnrove transnortation facilities ' T1 .. ~nhl ~ ~ - health and safl"tv I I .~~ ![ li~!ili ~ E~ :1 ~ l . IJ 1i lllii Iii t . . ~ ~ ,, ~ ! p! II ►. r~ 1 . ~~ ~ ; IE ~ t , : e • [ ~ • ljj l .A i t i ~· ·~ ~ f, i· ! ~ . 5 ! ~ - - 11 • ■ ■ ■ • .;,· Create sense of carmunitv COMM!JNITY HEH ,TH •I • I~ " It 11111,1 ·, - Identify types of industries that are JJOSt conducive to the ~il!l.l characteristics of the ci tv1 identitv effects of those industrie! · en the citv (envlron.rrental. ec:oncrn.i C • social) ·· - Cbntact or----:'"~ve industries I.& - Prcrrote aqreenents to aive hlrina oreferences to local residents, · innroverent of trainina oroarans I I ~, c~~ I I ~ ~ ~ -~ . 1I CJ ,.· ~ FI.NDDGrrSCXlRCB. Pdlll'lr, t ~~ !! i . I ~ ~~El;::;;tu 6 I~ ~ ~ · ~ l E ; I~ s t ~ ~I" ~I~ M ~ 1--' • 111 1~ ii i,; I~ ~~ ACTIClf 'l'IMOG ~ ~ 1• INDUSTRIAL Prarote industrial develo;:rrent in the citv -.. ) '. j ' a11m - Prcrrote creaticn of citizen c:i::m-mi ttees or CDCs for neiahborhood rehabilitation. olannina. etc.J encouraqe orivate and public nartnershios in addressina loca.J. social service needs. - Construct narks and recreational facilities: create incentives for the onvate sector to develoo recreation facilities :i .A _.. llli IJ ,a ~- • _. l.t - Irrole-nent oroqrams to inorove I_. na;or and local streets1 increase number of narkina facilities around i::cmrercial areas: desian and construct bikeoath _.. '-"Stem, strioe bikelane d..long side of roadwav & .t ~ ... ~ ~ _ _ • ,_ - ; .._ ... .._ I ~ ... ~ 111111 • cc • • ,.... ,.. - la ■ <:aJ:>l"'l'V _,: Maintain an uroated citv clfc,,.e+•o~ resnonse rilan - Maintain educational ()n health and safety A ~ • • • a J �CONCLUSION �r . I I APPENDICES . 'I APPENDIX A - PROCEDURE FOR LAND USE SURVEY • I - APPENDIX B - COMMUNITY OPINION SURVEY ,· I' ir l • l I t .. • APPENDIX C - SURVEY RESULTS �,·- l .....i .... r. ·' t L APPENDIX A • PROCEDURE FOR LAND USE SURVEY ,. f 'l . \_ L ,. 5 i • I. I ' L. I �I • I ,..,.. PROCEDURE FOR CONDUCTING A LAND USE SURVEY FOR CITY OF EATON RAPIDS Purpose: In order to develop a community plan, or to establish and retain a current inventory of activities within the community, it is necessary to conduct a land use survey. This survey can be used as a tool for analyzing problems and potentials associated with individual parcels and the spatial relationship between parcels as well as between whole sectors of the City. Patterns of past, present and future development can be determined and assessed, and a comprehensive overview of the activities occurring within the corranunity at any one point in time can be attained. General Approach: To conduct a land use survey efficiently, the planning area should be divided into sectors and each surveyor (or team of two or more surveyors) is assigned a particular sector or sectors. Each individual or team should cover their assigned sector(s) over a specified period of time (say 1 or 2 weeks). Each person (team) will be given a map of his/her assigned sector(s), along with instructions for identifying and recording land uses. Either a windshield survey (by car) or a walking survey is acceptable. If vehicles are used, at least two people per vehicle is desirable one to drive and one to record on the map. The map should be attached to a clipboard for stability. r -- L Equipment: A base map of the City, containing the road system and, if possible, lot splits; clipboard or other hard surface, several pencils, erasures. Procedures: Beginning at one of the corners of the assigned sector, drive or walk through the area in a predetermined pattern that will minimize repetition or "back-tracking". If in a car, drive at a slow enough speed to allow the person recording to register appropriate information on the map. When recording a structure on the map, the surveyor may often have to estimate as closely as possible the location of the structure within a particular block or section. Each recorder will use the following symbols in conducting the survey: 11 0 Single-Family Residence 'iJ Manufacturing <D Multiple-Family (3 or more units per building) X Warehouse □ School (Specify Elementary, Junior High, High f> Public Facility (Specify) e '' . Duplex 0 Mobile Home □ 0 Retail Commercial □ Office Church H Hospital -166- �Only the primary structure needs to be recorded. For example, for a parcel that contains a house and a pole barn, or other accessory building, only the house needs to be identified on the map. If a commercial building contains, for example,. a retail store on the first floor, offices on the second floor, and apartments on the third floor, the following symbol would apply: § That is, where a structure can be identified as housing more than one activity, record the primary activity that's occurring on the 1st floor, the primary activity on the second floor, etc., using the appropriate combination of symbols, as in the example above. Identify the number of stories in a building with a small subscript (1,2,3,4, etc.) outside the symbol on the lower left. Identify the condition of the structure with either an A, 8, or Con the lower right, outside of the symbol. "A" indicates the structure appears to be in good condition, with little or no repair/fix-up needed; "8" indicates the structure is somewhat deteriorated and needs minor-to-moderate repair; "C" indicates the structure is dilapidated and needs major repair or is beyond repair. This is a subjective evaluation, so everyone conducting the survey should agree as to what constitutes minor and major repair. Combining these symbols will result in a process that identifies the type of dwelling, the number of stories, and its general structural condition. (D For example, a symbol such as~ 6 depicts a multiple-family residence that contains 3-stories and is somewhat deteriorated. Even in the instance of a multiple story structure that has different uses on each floor (such as the retail/office/apartment building depicted above) the total number of floors should be noted in subscript. This helps to identify vacancies. 0 □ For example the symbol 4DA depicts a 4-story building in good condition that contains three different uses on 3 floors, with no use (or vacancy) on a 4th fl oar. If a primary building is vacant, the symbol representing that structure should be lightly shaded in. This obviously does not need to be done in the example cited immediately above. In cases where a particular land use, such as a golf course, airport, park or other similar type of activity covers a large area, the land use can be written down without using a symbol. Also, if the surveyor believes a particular structure or site has any significant historical or cultural value, he or she should reference that in a brief notation on a separate note pad, with reference to a letter o~ number that would identify the site on the ma~. Once all the participants have completed their surveys, they will be combined into one composite map by the consultant and presented to the Planning Commission as a body for review and corrections as necessary . ._167- �,- ) I -r, [ APPENDIX 8 COMMUNITY OPINION SURVEY r l • I L I : I. ' . \ L �CITY OF EATON RAPIDS COMMUNITY OPINION SURVEY (Total Surveys 375) 1. To what age group do you belong? L: 2. r· i (1) 21 18-25 (2) (4) ~ 46-55 (5) _£__ 56-64 _lLless than 1 yr. (1) f • (4) .2!_11-20 years ' . I :. 1. ·_. ·, 26-35 (3) 87 36-45 (6) 103 65 and older How long have you been a resident of the City? \ I 74 (2) _g_l-3 years (3) ~4-10 years (5) 177 over 20 years ( 2) rent Do you own your home or are you renting? 4. How many individuals in the following age groups reside in your household? 110 0-5 (1) (5) 272 . 36-54 5. 6. (2) 199 6-18 (3) (6) (7) 79 55-64 (1) 293 own 77 3. 66 19-25 nL (4) 142 26-35 65 and older In what type of housing are you living now? (1) 306 single-family House (2) __!_!_ duplex (3) (4) ~ apartment/townhouse 5 mobile Home No Answer 4 Please indicate the appropriate range of your household income before taxes last year. (1) ~ less than $10,000 (2) Z!._ $10-$20,000 (3) .§!_ $20-$30,000 l i - (4) _2! $30-$40,000 7. ~ $40-$50,000 (6) 42 over $50,000 u No answer (2) ..11._ part-time What are the occupations of employed members of your household? Manager-IO; Prof. Specialty-9; Technician-8; Sales-3; Clerical-17; Protective Services-I; Services-I; Precision Production, Craft, Repair-2; Machine (1) full-time (identify) Operators-14; Transportation-4; Handlers, Laborers-IO; (2) 9. ~ How many employed people are in your household? (1) 384 full-time 8. (5) part-time Manager-1; Prof. Specialty-3; Sales-4; Clerical-2; (identify) HH Services-2; Services-6; Handlers, Cleaners, Laborers- In what City do the employed members of your household work? (1) full-time Eaton Rapids-88 Lansing-131 Other-67 (2) part-time Eaton Rapids-45 Lansing-22 Other-19 -1-168- �10. How many people in your household have: (1) 409 (3) completed high school only 85 have a college degree (1) 119 retired (2) 180 have 1 to 3 years of college (4) 53 have completed more than 4 - - years of college (2) _l.L planning to retire within the next 5 years 11. Are you: 12. How long do you expect to reside at your present residence? - - - - - - - - - 13. Do you plan to move out of town sometime? 14. If yes, what type of housing would you be looking for: (1) 114 single-family Home (1) 124 yes (2) 203 no (2) _7_ duplex (3) ..1Z_ apartment (4) 6 mobile home ( 5) other ------------------ 15. 16. Do you believe that most new single-family houses in Eaton Rapids should be: (1) _7_ approximately less than 800 square feet (2) 109 (3) (4) 140 don't know ~ over 1200 square feet in size 800 to 1200 square feet Which of the following residential types should be promoted in the City of Eaton Rapids? (Please check all desired types) (1) 299 (3) single-family house (2) 139 multi-family (apartments) 60 mobile homes (4) 154 (5) 86 modular homes - - (prefabricated single-family) (7) ~ condominiums -2- duplexes (two-family) (6) 125 townhouses �,., 17. Which of the following residential types should be promoted in Eaton Rapids and Hamlin Townships? (Please check all desired types} (1) 297 (3) (2) 128 multi-family (apartments} single-family House (4) 139 79 mobile Homes (5) 109 modular Homes - - (prefabricated single-family) (7) duplexes (two-family) (6) 103 townhouses 86 condominiums I., 18. Are there any additional comments you care to make about residential development? Various comments - not much has devefoped; housing is difficult to find; keep taxes at a reasonable percent of valuation; the town is not interested in . i growth; take better care of what we have; Inverness and Raeburn Street area needs ( ' repaving, curb and sidewalk; need owners that take pride in appearance and maintenance of property. 19. a. Do you feel there is sufficient commercial development in Eaton Rapids? (1) b. ' l .l , .. ( 2) 299 no If you answered "no", where should commercial development be encouraged? (3) . _§!_ yes ~ downtown area only (5) 150 along M-99 south of downtown 20. (4) 199 along M-99 north of downtown (6) other sections of the City 45 We would like to have any comments you care to make regarding commercial facilities or services in Eaton Rapids • Various comments - encourage all businesses, allow franchises to operate; more men's or men's/women's apparel stores; medium priced restaurant; greater variety of shopping; fast food restaurants; need tax incentives to encourage more downtown commerce in available office space; prices are too high; put commercial development on Kennyville Road; need fine dining restaurant; there are no job opportunities - no incentive to stay; supermarket north of CBD specialty stores downtown; because Eaton Rapids is between Jackson and Lansing, it should grow like Holt. -3- ,.__ -170- �21. How do you feel about industrial development in Eaton Rapids? (1) 22. (2) 69 limited development should be encouraged (3) 161 major industrial development should - - be encouraged (4) 63 should be limited to the - - City's industrial park (5) 206 (6) 61 heavy industry should be - - encouraged light industry should be encouraged Should Eaton Rapids attempt to attract: (Indicate, 1st, 2nd and 3rd choices) (1) health oriented service industries - - 1st 2nd 3rd 74 4I 27 ( 3) ( 5) ( 7) 23. 22 there is sufficient amount already high-tech Industries - - 1st 2nd 3rd 109" 25" zr (2) manufacturing industries 1st 2nd 3rd 86 o(Y --zg- (4) agricultural-related industries 1st 2nd 3rd 7:8 47 """)6" (6) a 11 of the above 1st 2nd 3rd 80 7o 7r (8) tourists 1st 2nd 7U" ~ 3rd -z7 educational institutions 1st 2nd 3rd 9 30 73 other (describe) 1st 2nd 3rd - - - - - - - --, -3 4 Are there any particular restrictions you would care to place on Industrial Development in Eaton Rapids, such as location; size, amount and type of pollutants; aesthetics, etc? Various comments - no pollution; no chemical companies; should be localized, not necessarily in industrial park; no noise; no odor; locate outside resid. areas; no restrictions - needs jobs; ensure attractive building fronts; grounds, etc.; discourage heavy industry; should enhance the community 24. Are there any additional comments you care to make about future Industrial Development? Various comments - electrical power is sufficient only for small ind~stries; develop more jobs -4- �Should there be any restrictions on Development along the Grand River in the City: (1) (2) 267 yes 61 no If yes, should development be restricted to: (1) 90 (3) ~ low density residential (2) 176 low density commercial (4) 149 outdoor recreation (5) other 26. Should not detract from area; proper mix; proper facilities/restrooms How far back from the river's edge should such restrictions apply? (1) (3) 18 within 25 ft. ~ within 100 ft. (2) 63 within 50 ft. (4) 85 within more than 100 ft. (Specify) 1. 27. --------------- Should the City strive to develop more public park and recreation opportunities in Eaton Rapids? (1) l , scenic open space 215 yes (2) 101 If yes, where? no Old fair grounds, near downtown; along river; corner of Main and Canal, near hospital; State and Main Streets What type? Picnic area/playground, canoeing outdoor ampitheatre; nature center; nature walks; benches and shade; family type recreation r I \ ,,.I ' 28. With which of the following land uses would you prefer to see Eaton Rapids develop in the future? (Please check 1st, 2nd and 3rd choices) 1st 120 -sr manufacturing 79 82 59 (4) services (offices, etc) 16 recreational 47 46 68 (6) no new development (1) residential (3) (5) 29. 3rd 48 (2) m 2nd 3rd 47 52 1st 2nd 3rd BIT 94 Lf5" 8 36 49 1 5 1st 2nd 3rd 54 89 36 ( 2) commercial 47 (4) services (offices,etc) 12 17 39 50 54 (6) agricultural 15 28 3 8 (1) residential ( 3) manufacturing 78 78 ( 5) recreational 38 ( 7) no new development 5 ' ·- ; -5..~. commercial With which of the following land uses would you prefer to see Eaton Rapids and 1st '9 2nd -172- 19 �·30 ·. Are you satisfied with the way Eaton Rapids has been growing and developing up to now? (2) 213 no If no, why not? Various comments ( 1) .!!l_ yes needs a larger tax base; lack of school financial support; little progress made; businesses come and then leave; lack of variety in stores; no fast food or teen places; roads in need of repair or expansion; need more office space; fix up old homes; 20 years behind time; empty storefronts; too many people go else. where for entertainment and shopping; need to coordinate development 31. On a scale of 1 to Eaton Rapids? 1 2 3 (1) 5 how would you rate the following services and facilities in = = = very good more than adequate adequate 4 = less than adequate 5 = very poor (2) 2.46 library 3.01 housing (3) 2.54 EATRAN (4) 2.66 medical services (5) 2.57 law enforcement (6) 2.47 emergency rescue unit (7) 3.65 recreational facilities (8) 3.17 zoning & building code enforcement (10) 3.03 sanitary sewer facilities (9) 2.77 water supply facilities (11) 2.99 storm sewer facilities (12) 2.75 public education (13) 2.47 school facilities (14) 2.57 fire protection (15) 3.92 streets (16) 3.31 curb &gutter (17) 3.49 sidewalks (18) 3.13 public buildings (specify) (19) 3.85 City Government - - communication with the public (20) 3.84 City Government responsiveness to - - public needs/problems (21) 3.33 attempts at building - - community pride (22) 3.12 historic preservation (23) 2.86 community beautification (24) 2.61 community involvement by nonprofit - - organizations and service clubs (25) 2.56 trash and garbage service (26) 3.11 street cleaning (27) 2.72 snow removal (28) 2.72 electric facilities (29) 2.32 cemetery maintenance (30) 4.29 other (identify) businesss community I";" support; planning for future; new store fronts, City management; tourist and industrial promotion; senior facilities -6-°173- I �.., 32.- From the items in question 31, which three items do you believe are most important? 1st 2nd 3rd (1) 34 26 Law enforcement « 1st 33. I , I - 2nd 3rd 79 u (2) « (3) 1st 2nd 3rd 29 24 u Streets City Government Comm. What type of recreational activities (public developed or improved? ( 1) 49 (2) 105 bowling (4) 223 bicycle/walking/jogging paths baseball/softball/football ( 6) soccer teen center (8) 198 movie theatre golf (3) 138 canoeing (5) ~ (7) 210 ( 9) (11) 33 tennis ~ & private) would you like to see 32 (10) ..11_ racquetball other-hunting and fishing; basketball; boating; swimming; shuffleboard; roller skating; outdoor concert; comedy club; ice rink; mini-golf; cross-country skiing; health spa .. I ' 34. What type of public and private cultural activities would you like to see developed? ' f (1) .!.l!:!_ performing arts theatre (2) _29__ art gallery ( 3) 137 museum (4) 19 other (identify) sports area; home tours; dinner theatre; teen activities 35. Is Eaton Rapids a place you would like to live on a long-term basis? (1) 300 yes Why? (2) 39 no Various comments - (yes answers) - nice people; close to Lansing; quiet; small town; potential for great schools; born here; safe, low crime rate; pretty setting; (no answers) - needs to grow with the times; offers nothing; City is stagnating -7-174- �36. Is Eaton Rapids effective in solving its problems? If no, how could it be more effective? (1) 107 yes (2) 176 no Various comments - needs more effective leadership; needs to convnunicate with the public; should be more aggressive in solving problems; need public input into problem solving; need new City Council members; residents should vote on major issues; needs newspaper; should be more responsive to voters 37. Would you like more input to the City's decision-making process? (1) J2§__ yes (2) 100 no If yes, by what means? Various comments - keep people informed; have open. forum, conduct surveys for large expenditures, through commercial, service and manufacturing leaders; newspapers; flashes 38. How can Eaton Rapids better serve its residents? Various comments - have its own newpaper; provide more recreation and cultural activities; improve the school system; provide apartments/duplexes; improve in-town businesses; reduce property taxes; keep the public informed; activities for young people; fast-food restaurants; take this survey seriously; be more helpful to new businesses; stimulate business growth; build on uniqueness of small town; river. -8- -175- �EATON RAPIDS TOWNSHIP COMMUNITY OPINION SURVEY Total Surveys 102 1. To what age group do you belong? ;': (1) 2 18-25 (2) 21 26-35 (3) _1L 36-45 .- , (4) 20 46-55 (5) 19 56-64 (6) 10 65 and ·older 1 No Answer I 2. , .- How long have you been a resident of Eaton Rapids Township? 1 less than 1 yr. (1) (2) _9_1-3 years (4) -.£Z_ll-20 years I (3) ..J.L4-10 years (5) ~over 20 years 3. Do you own your home or are you renting? (1) own (2) 4. How many individuals in the following age groups reside in your household? ~ 2 rent 1 No Answer i .., _ 5. ·-~ ;~ (1) ~0-5 (2) 71 6-18 (3) 16 (5) ~36-54 (6) 33 55-64 (7) 21 (4) 39 26-35 65 and older In what type of housing are you living now? (1) 6. 19-25 ~ single-family House (2) 0 duplex (3) _0_ apartment/townhouse (4) 3 mobile Home 1 No Answer Please indicate the appropriate range of your household income before taxes last year. (1) _6_ less than $10,000 (4) .!!_ $30-$40,000 (5) (2) 1§._ $10-$20,000 ~ $40-$50,000 (6) (3) 1§._ $20-$30,000 ~ over $50,000 7. How many employed people are in your household? (1) 115 full-time 8. What are the occupations of employed members of your household? 16 No Answer (2) ~part-time Sales-2; Clerical-?; Protective Services-I; Mgmt-11; Farmer-2; Prof. Specialty-IO; Technician-14; Precision Production, Craft-4; General Services-4; Machine (1) _jJ__ full-time (identify) Operators-9; Transportation-4; Handlers-2 (2) 9. ~ part-time (identify) Technician-1; Sales-5, Prof. Specialty-I; Clerical-6; Services-?; Machine Operator-I In what City do the employed members of your household work? (1) f u11 - ti me _ _L_a_n_s,_·n_g~-_4_8___E_a_t_o_n_R_a__p_i_d_s_-1_7___0_t_h_er_-_1_9_ ( 2) part-ti me _ _E_a_t_on_R_a.._p_id_s_-_1_4_ _L_a_ns_,_·n....g__-_7___0t_h_e_r_-_7_ _ -1-176- �10~ How many people in your household have: (1) 130 completed high school only (2) ~ (3) (4) 10 have completed more than 4 - - years of college 22 have a college degree (1) 11. Are you: 12. How long do you expect to reside at your present residence? 0-2 Yrs 13. 3 retired (2) answer 3-5 Yrs 5 19 6-10 Yrs planning to retire within the next 5 years 10 11-20 Yrs 48 20+ Yrs 3 No Ans 33 Do you plan to move into Eaton Rapids sometime? (1) _8_ yes Why? 14. 22 -rr- no r have 1 to 3 years of college (2) 89 no No Answer 5 -------------------------------- If yes, what type of housing would you be looking for: (1) single-family Home ~ (3) _3_ apartment (2) 2 duplex (4) 0 mobile home (5) other 87 ------------------ 15. Do you believe that most new single-family houses in Eaton Rapids Township should be: (1) _5_approximately less than 800 square feet (3) ~over 1200 square feet in size 16. (4) 27 (2) 35 800 to 1200 square feet don't know No Answer 7 Which of the following residential types should be promoted in the City of Eaton Rapids? (Please check all desired types) (1) _JJ__ single-family house (2) (3) (4) ___li_ duplexes (two-family) (5) (7) 12 mobile homes 23 modular homes - - (prefabricated single-family) 22 condominiums -2-177- 46 multi-family (apartments) (6) ..ll.__ townhouses �17. Which of the following residential types should be promoted in Eaton Rapids Township? (Please check all desired types) (1) 87 single-family House (3) 26 ....J (5) (7) 18. mobile Homes 33 modular Homes - - (prefabricated single-family) (2) 22 multi-family (apartments) (4) 35 duplexes (two-family) (6) 18 townhouses 15 condominiums Are there any additional comments you care to make about residential development? Various comments - do not allow houses to deteriorate; have landlords clean up homes and businesses on M-99 N; large apartments, townhouses not needed; can build on any size lot; housing or trunklines may be destroying possible '. business and industrial locations; more independent housing for elderly; develop in southern part of Eaton Rapids • ... • 19. a. Do you feel there is sufficient commercial development in Eaton Rapids? (1) b. _1L yes ( 2) 84 no No Answer 3 If you answered "no", where should commercial development be encouraged? (3) 24 downtown area only (4) (5) 41 along M-99 south of downtown (6) 57 along M-99 north of downtown 16 other sections of the City Wriere? ----------- 20. ! . We would like to have any comments you care to make regarding commercial facilities or services in Eaton Rapids. Various comments - need family type restraints; discount store; theatre; fix up store fronts and develop theme; needs: shopping center, community radio station, high quality dining, fast food restaurants, department store, men 1 s store, shoe stores, newspaper; do not develop any more than is; has been no major effort to expand development; need more competition; need large bowling alley; City is pushing commercial businesses outside of town by not working with them -3- -178- �30~ Are you satisfied with the way Eaton Rapids has been growing and developing up to now? (2) 55 no No Answer 12 If no, why not? (1) 2L yes --No vision; bad streets; growth too tightly controlled; need more employment; too much inferior housing, not enough commercial development; no "new" money; businesses come and go; not enough services, growing too slow; businesses fold because of lack of support from people; no places for recreation and entertainment; no place for teens. 31. On a scale of 1 to 5 how would you rate the following services and facilities in Eaton Rapids? 1 = very good 4 = less than adequate 2 = more than adequate 5 = very poor 3 = adequate Average Average (1) 2.94 housing (2) 2.49 library (3) 2.60 EATRAN (4) 2.96 medical services (5) 2.90 law enforcement (6) 2.60 emergency rescue unit (7) 3.71 recreational facilities (8) 2.99 zoning & building code enforcement (9) 2.73 water supply facilities (10) 3.00 sanitary sewer facilities (11) 3.04 storm sewer facilities (12) 2.84 public education (13) 2.56 school facilities (14) 2.79 fire protection (15) 3.54 streets (16) 3.05 curb &gutter (17) 3.09 sidewalks (18) 3.24 public buildings (specify) _ _ __ (19) 3.87 City Government - - communication with the public (20) 3.83 City Government responsiveness to - - public needs/problems (21) 3.26 attempts at building - - community pride (22) 3.12 historic preservation (23) 2.72 community beautification (24) 2.71 community involvement by nonprofit - - organizations and servi~e clubs (25) 2.78 trash and garbage service (26) 2.92 street cleaning (27) 2.76 snow removal (28) 2.85 electric facilities (29) 2.46 cemetery maintenance (30) 4.57 other (identify) teen center; restaurants; education . -6- -181- ---- �\. ,' 32.· From the items in question 31, which three items do you believe are most important? Law Enforcement-16; School Facilities-11; Housing-9; City Govt. Commission-8; (1) Public Education-a f. . School Facilities-14; Medical Services-13; Fire P:rotection-10; (2) Law Enforcement-10 (3) Law Enforcement-16; Medical Services-12 33. ! • What type of recreational activities (public developed or improved? (1) _9_ golf (3) ~ (2) 22 bowling (4) _.2§___ bicycle/walking/jogging paths canoeing • .... (5) ...1i._ baseball/softball/football l'.•.· (7) 53 teen center (9) 14 tennis (11) 12 other 1 & private) would you l i ke to see ( 6) (8) 6 soccer 50 movie theatre i (10) _6_ racquetball all; cross-country skiing; swimming; mini-golf; areas for girl scouts What type of public and private cultural activities would you like to see developed? (1) -1!_ performing arts theatre (2) ...1i._ art gallery ( 3) (4) 32 museum 9 other (identify) all; high school band; camping; teen center 35. t Is Eaton Rapids Township a place you would like to live on a long-term basis? (1) Why? ~ yes (2) 10 no No Answer 6 Friendly people; enjoy country living; away from City; quiee, grew up here; lived here all my life; little or no commercial development; good roads; good place to raise family; good school district; no - getting too populated; not if it keeps deteriorating -7-182- �' 36~ Is Eaton Rapids effective in solving its problems? No Answer (1) ~ yes (2) 52 no 25 If no, how could it be more effective? City and Townships, must work together; resolve fire department situation to benefit of taxpayers; more open forums for people to express views; better communication; better convnunity involvement; expecting better government in charge in City Council 37. Would you like more input to the City's decision-making process? (1) ....!§_ yes (2) 23 If yes, by what means? no No Answer 33 inform public; more public involvement; City and Townships should work together, newspapere; opinion pools, questionnaires and surveys 38. •-- How can Eaton Rapids better serve the area? Encourage new businesses and industry to locate in area; more recreation; better restraints; improved schools, listen to public; be cooperative and open to new ideas; install pride back into community; provide more jobs and entertainment; community preservation and beautification; townships and City should work together; police should serve surrounding area - Sheriff takes too l~o_n=g_t_o___ respond -8- -183- I �HAMLIN TOWNSHIP COMMUNITY OPINION SURVEY Total Surveys 81 l , I 1. To what age group do you belong? - 2. .. f 2 18-25 ( 2) (4) 23 46-55 (5) 8 26-35 11 ( 3) _g_,Q_ 36-45 56-64 (6) 16 65 and older How long have you been a resident of Hamlin Township? (1) _2_1ess than 1 yr. ( 2) _7_1-3 years ( 3) .!§__4-10 years (5) ~over 20 years (4) ~11-20 years 'I l ·~• (1) own 1 rent Do you own your home or are you rent.i ng? 4. How many individuals in the following age groups reside in your household? (1) 79 ( 2) 3. ~ ~ (1) .!.L_0-5 ( 5) ~36-54 1· 1 5. r~ ~ 6. 7. , ' (3) 19 ( 6) ~55-64 ( 7) 19-25 ~ (4) ~26-35 65 and older (1) _2L single-family House (2) (3) _0_ apartment/townhouse (4) _O_ mobile Home 1 duplex Please indicate the appropriate range of your household income before taxes last year. (1) _5_ less than $10,000 (2) .!Z_ $10-$20,000 (3) _6_ $20-$30,000 (4) ..!.!_ $30-$40,000 (5) .!§__ $40-$50,000 (6) 12 over $50,000 How many employed people are in your household? 85 full-time (2) _JJ_ part-time What are the occupations of employed members of your household? Management-6; Prof. Specialty-13; Technician-6; Sales-2; Clerical-9; Services-2; Farming, Forestry-2; Precision full-time (identify) Production, Craft, Repair-5; Machine Operators-13; Transportation-2 (1) Prof. Specialty-4; Technician-4; Clerical-5; Household part-time (identify) Services-2; Services-4; Machine Operators-1; Transportation-1; Laborer-1 (2) 9. 6-18 In what type of housing are you living now? (1) 8. (2) 38 In what City do the employed members of your household work? (1) full-time Eaton Rapids-20 Lansing-31 Other-12 (2) part-time Eaton Rapids-15 Lansing-1 Other-5 -1- -184- �10. How many people in your household have: (1) (3) completed high school only ~ 17 have a college degree 11. Are you: 12. (1) ~ retired (2) (4) 40 have 1 to 3 years of college 20 have completed more than 4 - - years of college 12 planning to retire within the next 5 years How long do you expect to reside at your present residence? 0-2 Yrs 13. (2) 0 3-5 Yrs 4 6-10 Yrs 7 11-20 Yrs Do you plan to move into Eaton Rapids sometime? 32 ( 1) 20+ Yrs 3 yes (2) No. Ans 35 no Why? 14. If yes, what type of housing would you be looking for: (1) _6_ single-family Home (2) _2_ duplex (3) _4_ apartment (4) 0 mobile home (5) other 69 ------------------ 15. 16. Do you believe that most new single-family houses in Hamlin Township should be: (1) _l_approximately less than 800 square feet (2) 19 800 to 1200 square feet (3) ~over 1200 square feet in size (4) 30 don't know Which of the following residential types should be promoted in the City of Eaton Rapids? (Please check all desired types) (1) (3) (5) (7) ~ single-family house (2) 16 mobile homes 41 multi-family (apartments) (4) ..1!_ duplexes (two-family) 23 modular homes - - (prefabricated single-family) 18 condominiums -2-185- (6) 22 townhouses �c. ..-; • . ~ 17 • Which of the following residential types should be promoted in Hamlin Township? (Please check all desired types) t. ~· 18. (2) 18 multi-family (apartments) mobile Homes (4) 23 (6) 13 townhouses ~ ( 3) 21 ( 5) 27 modular Homes (prefabricated single-family) ( 7) 14 r- i. single-family House (1) duplexes (two-family) condominiums Are there any additional comments you care to make about residential development? Various comments - need for lower income housing; existing M.H. Park is ghetto; r leave it up to the individual; in Hamlin Township - too many houses on small I.. lots; Townships are growing - what CBD doing to accommodate that growth?; place t restriction on house size, lot size, house placement, compatability with other r houses L [ij 19. a. Do you feel there is sufficient commercial development in Eaton Rapids? (1) \'. b. [ _8_ yes If you answered (2) 11 70 no no 11 , where should commercial development be encouraged? (3) ....ll_ downtown area only (4) _iL along M-99 north of downtown (5) _l]__ along M-99 south of downtown (6) r. 1 20. 19 other sections of the City Where? We would like to have any comments you care to make regarding commercial facilities or services in Eaton Rapids. Various comments - need anolther major grocery store; not enough commerical; ,. \ re-do downtown; nice craft shops; clean-up old IGA parking lot; need to go to I • Lansing to buy specialty items; Eaton Rapids has discouraged business expansion; l need: family dining, fast-food restaurants; movie theatre -3-186- �36. Is Eaton Rapids effective in solving its problems? If no, how could it be more effective? (1) ~ yes (2) 48 no Various comments - be more cooperative with the townships; get rid of police department and dope pushers; quit driving out what business you have; more public voice in government; more communication; work toward the common goal 37. Would you like more input to the City's decision-making process? (1) __R_yes (2) 26 no If yes, by what means? Various comments - open meetings; citizens advisory board; work through township officials 38. How can Eaton Rapids better serve its residents? Various comments - Take power from manager and give to Council; beautification; bypass around Main Street; let people have a voice; eliminate police harrassment; check for drug pushers in Eaton Rapids schools; allow more business competition; upgrade the school system; provide more housing; make City officials responsible for their actions; encourage well-known, established commercial businesses/franchises for long-term growth; encourage cooperation between city and townships; build up the town, have more activities; give people the freedom to do what they want -8- -191- �I I i ) APPENDIX C SURVEY RESULTS I< ' '• ,. I �EATON RAPIDS SURVEY RESULTS ,' .. i i ' , . Distribution and Return Rate - The total 1987 population of the Planning Area (Eaton Rapids, Eaton Rapids Township, Hamlin Township) is 10,107. The City distributed 1,640 questionnaire surveys. Using an average areawide household density of about 3.0 persons, approximately 4,900 persons, or almost 50 percent of the area's population, was covered in the questionnaire mailing. Of the 1,640 questionnaires that were distributed, 285 (17.4%) were mailed to Eaton Rapids Township residents, 297 (18.1%) were sent to Hamlin Townshp residents and the balance, 1,058 (64.5%) were sent to the City of Eaton Rapids households. The overall return rate was relatively high, with 558 (34%) questionnaires being completely or partially filed in and returned. Of the 558 returns, 102 were from Eaton Rapids Township (a 35.8% return rate for that Township), 81 were from Hamlin Township (a 27.3% return rate) and 375 were returned from City residents (a return rate of 35.4%). The 558 returns result in a confidence level for areawide results of 99 percent.!. 5 percent. Tabulation Results - The following is a synopsis of the tabulation results for the entire area and each of the jurisdictions. Question 1 - Age Groups of Respondents: Areawide - The largest single age group among respondents was the 36-45 year group (24.5%), followed by those 65 and over (23.1%). City - Senior (65 and older) were the largest single group of respondents (27.5% of the total), followed by the 36-45 group (23.2%) Eaton Rapids Township - The 36-45 age group (28.4%) made up the single largest category, followed by the 26-35 year age group at 20.5 percent. Hamlin Township - The 46-55 year age group comprised 28.4 percent of all respondents, followed by the 36-45 year age group at 24.7 percent. Question 2 - Years as Resident: Areawide - By far the largest category of respondents have lived 1n the area for 20 or more years (44.5%), followed by those living here between 11 and 20 years (20.2%). Only five percent have lived here less than one year. City - 47.2 percent of all City respondents have lived in the City 20 or more years, followed those who have lived here between four and 10 years (16.5%) and 11 and 20 years (15.5%). -192- �Eaton Rapids Township - 42.2% of all Township respondents have lived in the Township over 20 years, while 26.5 percent have lived there from 11 to 20 years and 21.6 percent between four and 10 years. Hamlin Township - 35.8 percent of all respondents have resided in the Township over 20 years, with one-third (33.3%) having lived there 11 to 20 years. Question 3 - Own or Renting: Areawide - 84.4 percent own, while 14.3 percent rent. City - 78.1 percent own, while 20.5 percent rent. Eaton Rapids Township - 97.1 percent own, while 2 percent rent. Hamlin Township - 97.5 percent own, while 1.2 percent rent. Question 4 - Age Categories of Residents (in percent) 0-5 6-18 19-25 26-35 36-54 55-64 65+ 9.7 20.4 6.6 13.2 29. 2 9.1 11.8 11.0 19. 9 6.6 14 .2 27.2 7.9 13 .1 Eaton Rapids Township 7.7 24.8 5.6 13.6 29.4 11.5 7.3 Hamlin Township 6.5 16.5 8.2 8.2 37.0 11.3 12 .2 City 9.2 24 .5 9.2 15.7 20.3 8.4 12. 7 Townships 8.9 26.8 7.8 16.1 25.3 6.9 8.1 Areawide City Census: Question 5 - Type of Housing Living In: (percent) Single-Family Duplex Apartment Mobile Areawide 86.6 2.1 8.8 1.4 City 81.6 2.9 13 .1 1.3 Eaton Rapids Township 96.1 0 0 2.9 Hamlin Township 97.5 1.2 0 0 City 75.4 Townships 89 .2 1987 Count: ·?.....__. 0 30 -193- 7.8 I �• Question 6 - Income Categories (percent) 0-$10,000 $10-$20,000 $20-$30,000 $30-$40,000 $40-$50,000 $50,000+ Areawide 12 .3 19.9 15.4 14 .8 14.0 12.5 City 15.5 20.8 17.1 14.4 12.5 11.2 Eaton Rapids Township 5.9 15.7 15.7 17.6 14. 7 14. 7 Hamlin Township 6.2 21.0 7.4 13.6 19.8 14 .8 Question 7 - Persons Employed: Full-Time % of Total Employment Areawide Ave./Household Part/Time % of Total Employment Ave./Household 77 .4 1.56 22.6 1.18 City 80.5 1.57 19. 5 1.06 Eaton Rapids Twp. 70.1 1.55 29.9 1.53 Hamlin Township 75.9 1.51 24 .1 1.12 Question 8 - Three most often mentioned: City - Clerical, Operators, Managers, Labors, Services, Sales, Specialty Eaton Rapids Twp. - Technicians & Related Support, Professional Technicians, Machine Operators Hamlin Township - Professional Specialty, Machine Operators, Clerical Question 9 - City of Employment: ' f I I • t Full -Time Eaton Rapids Lansing Other Part- Time Eaton Rapids Lansing Other Areawide 27.7% 45.2% 27.1% 51.4% 27.9% 20.7% City 30.8% 45.8% 23.4% 52.3% 25.6% 22 .1% Eaton Rapids Township 57.1% 20.2% 22.6% 50% 25% 25.0% Hamlin Twp. 31.7% 49.2% 19% 71.4% 4.8% 23.8% -194- �Question 18 - Additional Comments About Residential Development. There were a variety of comments offered - some in direct conflict with each other (for example, one respondent said people should be able to build on any size lot while another thought restrictions should apply to size of house, size of lot, placement of the house and compatibiliity with the surrounding area). While a general concensus is not readily available, it could be inferred that those who made additional comments on this subject generally believe that additional and more varied housing should be constructed and more multiple-family housing, especially for the elderly, is needed. Existing housing needs to be maintained better than it currently is. Question 19 - Is There Sufficient Commercial Development? (percent) Where Should Commercial Development Be? Downtown Other Answer Area M-99N M-99S No Yes No Areawide 13.8 81.2 5.0 17.2 40.7 31.1 11.0 City 14.4 79. 9 5.9 18. 6 41. l 31.0 9.3 Eaton Rapids Twp. 14.7 82.4 2.9 17.4 41.3 29. 7 11.6 9.8 86.4 3.7 12.7 42.1 36.6 18.8 Hamlin Township Question 20 - Comments regarding commercial facilities or services in Eaton Rapids. ~ f While there were various comments about commercial facilities and services, a number were stated more frequently than others. These include the need for family or medium priced restaurants, fast food restaurants, a supermarket, a movie theatre; the need for more competition; the City has discouraged commercial development. Other notable comments include the need for tax incentives to encourage more downtown commerce in available office space; the need for specialty stores; and the need to fix up store fronts and develop a theme. Question 21 - Perceptions About Industrial Development in Eaton Rapids? Sufficient Limited Develop. Major Develop. Limit to Ind. Park (percent) Light Indus. Heavy Indus. ( %) ( %) ( %) ( %) ( %) ( %) Areawide 3.6 11. 7 28.2 11. 5 35.0 9.9 City 3.8 11.9 27.7 10.8 35.4 10. 5 Eaton Rapids Twp. 3.8 10 .1 2.5 14.6 32.9 10.1 Hamlin Township 2.9 12. 9 30.2 10.1 36.0 7.9 Many respondents gave more than one answer to this question about industrial development. Over a third of all respondents feel the City should encourage light industry, while a slightly lower percentage believe that major industrial development should be encouraged. These responses are fairly consistent among all jurisdictions and indicate that, in general, major industrial development containing light manufacturing is preferred. -197- ' �• i' i .; ,, _.. i L Question 22 - Types of Businesses Eaton Rapids Should Attempt to Attract. Respondents were requested to give their 1st, 2nd and 3rd choices for preferred businesses. The total number of responses given for 1st, 2nd and 3rd choices for each business category were tabulated. The total number of 1st choice responses for each category was then multiplied by a weight factor of 1 3 1 ; the total number of 2nd choice responses was multiplied by a 1 2 1 and the total number of 3rd choice responses for each business category was multiplied by a factor of 1 1 1 • The composite score (total 1st, 2nd, 3rd place answers multiplied by appropriate weight factors) was calculated for each business category. On an areawide basis the three categories that accumulated the highest total points are: 1) manufacturing industries; 2) high-tech industries; 3) all of the industries identified in the questionnaire. Based on raw data tabulation, high-tech industries received the most 1st choice responses, all industries received the next highest number of 1st choice responses and manufacturing industries received the 3rd highest number of 1st choice responses. Among City respondents, the most popular choices based upon the calculation method identified above are: 1) high-tech industries; 2) manufacturing industries; 3) agricultural-related industries. High-tech industries received the largest number of 1st choice responses, manufacturing industries received the 2nd highest number of 1st choice responses, and all of the industries mentioned received the 3rd highest number. • I. I ; '·. ' . .1 ', For Eaton Rapids Township, results of the weighted calculations indicate that all industries and manufacturing industries received the highest point total, agriculture-related industries had the 2nd highest accumulated point total and educational institutions received the 3rd highest point total. For 1st choices, all industries, manufacturing industries and hightech industries received the largest number of responses. Among Hamlin Township residents, weighted calculations result in the following choices: 1) high-tech industries and all industries; 2) manufacturing industries; and 3) agricultural-related industries. The most popular 1st choice are all industries, high-tech industries and manufacturing industries. Question 23 - Restrictions that should be placed on industrial development. J \ The overwhelming popular concensus is that any industry locating in the area should be non-polluting or pollution should be minimized. Other responses include keeping industries away from residential areas; residents should have a strong voice in the planning and location of industries; industries should be limited to the industrial park; consider appearance. ' . ' ! . ' Questin 24 - Additional Comments Regarding Future Industrial Development. Most respondents are in favor of industrial development, as long as it do~s not pollute. Various comments include the suggestions of planting pines in front of the industrial park, using present facilities before building more, not giving tax abatements, and not over-developing with industry. • -·• -198- �~-' Question 31 - Rate facilities and services in Eaton Rapids. Respondents were asked to rate various facilities and services on a scale of 1 (very good) to 5 (very poor). An average score was calculated for each response, with the following results: - I I Five hi!hest ratings (w1th i having the highest average score) Five lowest ratings (w1th il having the lowest average score) Areawide Eaton Rapids 1. Cemetery maintenance 2. Emergency rescue 1. Cemetery maintenance 2. Library 1. Cemetery maintenance 3. Library, school faci 1 ities 4. Eatran 3. Emergency rescue, school facilities 4. Eatran 3. School facilities 5. Trash service 1. City government convnunication 2. City govt. response 3. Streets 4. Recreational facilities 5. Sidewalks Eaton Rapids Township 2. Library Hamlin Township 1. Emergency rescue 2. School facilities, Cemetery maint. 3. Library 4. Eatran 5. Trash service 4. Emergency rescue, Eat ran 5. Nonprofit/service involvement 1. Streets 2. City government communication 3. City govt. response 4. Recreational facilities 5. Sidewalks 1. City government convnunication 2. City govt. response 3. Streets 4. Recreational facilities 5. Public buildings l. City government 5. Nonprofit/service involvement 2. City govt. response 3. Streets 4. Recreational facilities 5. Bui 1ding - comrmiun i tJ pride I I"": ~ Question 32 - Three most important services/facilities Using the weighted scoring system, on an areawide scale, law enforcement, City government communication and medical services are considered the three most important community facilities/services. Items receiving the most responses on 1st choice are: 1) law enforcement; 2) streets; 3) City government communication. Among City responses, cumulative scores placed law enforcement, streets and medical services and City government responses as the 1st, 2nd and 3rd most important services/facilities. Law enforcement and streets received the most responses as the 1st choice while City government communication and school facilities were mentioned second and third most frequently as most important. Eaton Rapids Township responses, when weighted, result in law enforcement, school facilities and medical facilities receiving the three highest scores. Law enforcement, school facilities and housing were most frequently mentioned as most important. In Hamlin Township, the cumulative weighted scoring system results in City government communication, city government response, law enforcement and medical services having the highest points, with City government communication, law enforcement and City government response being mentioned most frequently as the primary facilities/services. ~201- �Question 33 - Preferred recreational activities: Areawide Golf Bowling Canoeing Bicycle/jogging path Baseball/softball/football Soccer Teen Center Movie theatre Tennis Racquetba 11 Other l l. Eaton Rapids (%) (%) 4.0 9.5 13.2 19.7 5.4 2.7 18 .5 17.5 3.1 2.3 4.0 4.4 Eaton Rapids Township Hamlin Township (%) (%) 3.2 7.7 15.1 19.4 4.9 2.1 18. 7 17 .6 4.9 2.1 4.2 9.4 12.4 20.0 5.0 2.9 18. 9 17.8 3.0 2.1 4.1 3.4 12.3 14.4 18.6 7.6 2.5 16.9 15.7 1. 7 3.8 3.0 Responses were consistent among all jurisdictions. Bicycle/jogging/walking paths, a teen center, a movie theatre and canoeing appear to be the most popular choices. Other types of activities mentioned include hunting and fishing, basketball, boating, swimming, shuffleboard, roller skating, outdoor concerts, ice rink, mini-golf, cross-country skiing, health spa, fishing, family playground, campground. Question #34 - Preferred public and private cultural activities. • r I l., , - i Areawide Performing Arts Theatre Art Gallery Museum Other Eaton Rapids (%) (%) 35.5 15.5 41.2 36.4 15.4 42.3 5.9 7 .8 Hamlin Township Eaton Rapids Township (%) 37.5 15.9 36.4 (%) 29.5 15.3 42.3 12 .8 10. 2 Responses to this questiori are also relatively consistent among jurisdictions. A museum and performing arts theatre are the most popular choices. Other suggestions include discussion groups, gourmet dining, good newspaper, more adult education, high school band, home tours, dinner theatre, activities for teens. Question #35 - Is City/Township place you want to live long-term? Areawide Yes No No Answer • Eaton Rapids ·Eaton Rapids Township Hamlin Township (%) (%) (%) (%) 81.7 9.3 8.9 80.0 10.4 9.6 84.3 9.8 5.9 86.4 3.7 9.9 A large majority of respondents said they would like to live in their jurisdiction for a long time. Township residents tend to be slightly more affirmative about this question than City residents. When asked why, various responses include friendly people, have lived in the jurisdictions a long time, convenient location; Township residents like the country, like their township government, think the townshi·p is a good place to raise a family. City respondents like the quiet, small town environment, potential for great schools, pretty setting and low crime rate. -202- �Question 36 - Effectiveness in problem solving. Areawide (%) Yes No No Answer 25.4 49.4 25.2 Eaton Rapids (%) 28.5 46.9 24.5 ,r--..,_ Eaton Rapids Township (%) 24. 5 51.0 24.5 Hamlin Township (%) 12.3 59.3 28.4 i .. / Overall, about one-half of the respondents do not believe the City is effective in solving its problems. City residents tend to believe the City is effective more frequently than Township residents. Hamlin Township respondents responded most negatively, with a relatively small proportion indicating yes to this question. Various suggestions given for improving the City's techniques for problem solving include being more cooperative with the Township, more public voice in government decision-making, more communication, being more aggressive in problem-solving, establishing a newspaper. Question 37 - Yes No No Answer More input into City's decision-making process. Areawide (%) 45.6 26.7 27. 7 Eaton Rapids (%) 46.9 26.7 26.4 Eaton Rapids Township (%) 45.1 22.5 32. 4 Hamlin Township (%) 39.5 32.1 28.4 (\ A little less than half of all respondents desire more input into helping the City make decisions. City respondents have a slightly greater desire than Eaton Rapids Township residents and substantially more than Hamlin Township respondents. Many Township residents do not believe it is their responsibility to become involved in the City's decisions. Various suggestions for more input include keeping people informed, having open forums, conducting surveys when large expenditures are proposed, having input through commercial, service and manufacturing leaders, using newspapers, distributing questionnaires, having a citizens adversary board. Question 38 - How can Eaton Rapids better serve its residents? Various answers include letting people have a voice in decision-making, checking for drug dealers in Eaton Rapids schools, allowing more business competition, providing more housing, encouraging commercial business franchises; encouraging cooperation between the City and townships, upgrading the school system, more recreation, providing more jobs, more entertainment, community preservation and beautification; having police department serve surrounding area, having its own newspaper, providing apartments/duplexes, improving in-town businesses, reducing property taxes, having activities for young people, fast-food places, and building an uniqueness of being a small town with the river. -203- 1;;;;;::::::::::::::::::::::::--------================---=-=-=-=-=---=----=------_-_-_-:_-i:._ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Eaton-Rapids_Comprehensive-Development-Plan_1989 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gove Associates, Inc. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1989-12-04 Title A name given to the resource City of Eaton Rapids, Michigan Comprehensive Development Plan 1990-2010 Description An account of the resource The City of Eaton Rapids, Michigan Comprehensive Development Plan 1990-2010 was prepared by Gove Associates, Inc. and adopted by the Eaton Rapids Planning Commission on December 4, 1989. Subject The topic of the resource Comprehensive plan publications Eaton Rapids (Mich.) Eaton County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/de3717d5e614d82ea1b03c1d1c830a43.pdf b54bef5edfcaaec682c1ed0d4b67d0f2 PDF Text Text d COMPREHENSIVE PLAN HOPE WARREN MILLS EDENVILLE @LEMAN GENEVA JEROME LINCOLN LARKIN FORD HOMER GREENDALE LEE MOUNT .JASPER PORTER HALEY lNGERSOLL �MIDLAND COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Prepared for: MIDLAND COUNTY Midland, Michigan APRJL 1993 PROJECT NO. El2157-4 Prepared by: GOVE ASSOCIATES INC. 1601 Portage Street Kalamazoo, Michigan 49001 �MIDLAND COUNTY PLANNING COMMISSION Robert R. Thurlow, Chairman Dale C. Bement Sue L. Broughton Betty L. Fillmore Michael W. Garety Jeremy W. Kilar Gale L. Klingensmith E. Barbara Schoenherr Hugh E. Sullivan Vincent F. Vornhagen Dale A. Wolfgang DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING Richard A. Maltby, Director of Planning Deborah S. Hughes, Clerk Secretary GOVE ASSOCIATES INC. Kalamazoo, Michigan Karl F. Freed, AICP, PCP Nick Evers, AICP David E. Bee �1 PREFACE This Plan is an update of the 1987 Midland County Comprehensive Plan, which in turn was an update of the County's 1974 General Development Plan. The functional goal of this update is the same as the 1987 update: to provide a current inventory and analysis of conditions in the County as well as to address new and recurring planning and development issues. As with the 1987 Plan the County Department of Planning provided guidance and technical advice in compiling this updated Plan. Although the format for this Plan is generally the same as the 1987 Plan, it differs from that document in several ways. This Plan considers a current and important concept in area-wide planning - unified growth management techniques - that promotes implementation through a coordinated approach among the various units of government within the County. The Comprehensive Land Use Plan map is revised from the 1987 map in that it reflects a change in the designation of rural residential development in some townships. The most extensive difference is the expansion of the implementation program to include additional goals and objectives to address new issues and the inclusion of an implementation "matrix" to identify the specific strategies and activities that should be undertaken over the life of the Plan. In effect, this Plan update incorporates the traditional comprehensive planning approach with the more recently developed strategic planning process to provide a "result" oriented document. This Plan relies upon a variety of participants working together to make the likelihood of success more probable. As the 1987 Comprehensive Plan acknowledged, the updating of the County Plan required the cooperation of a large number of individuals, agencies and organizations. We are appreciative of their efforts in assisting in the development of the Plan and trust they will continue to be involved in the effort to implement this Plan. �We believe this Plan reflects the best, and most realistic, direction the County should follow to ensure that its overall "quality-of-life" is retained and even enhanced. Cooperation, wise management of growth and development, and a clear vision of the future are the key factors that will enable the County and its residents to achieve the goals promoted in this Plan. This report is organized into eleven sections, corresponding closely with the actual process of analyzing the County's needs and problems and updating the Comprehensive Plan. Section A gives the purpose of the Comprehensive Plan and its recommendations. The County's historical setting is described in Section B. A physical profile of the County, focusing on geographical features, farmlands, environmental quality, and historic sites is presented in Section C. Section D includes a socioeconomic profile of the County, which describes the County's population and housing characteristics and economic conditions. Planning and development relationships, based on various State, regional, County and local government plans, are described in Section E. Section F describes the transportation facilities and services in the County. Section G describes the community facilities in the County, including water and sewer facilities, recreation facilities, public and quasi-public facilities and services, and County government facilities. A description of the County's community development trends, patterns, and problems is presented in Section H. Statements of goals, policies and actions regarding planning in the County are presented in Section I. The Comprehensive Plan, which focuses on land use, community facilities, housing, transportation, economic development, environmental management, and planning coordination and implementation, is described in Section J. Growth management techniques and a program for implementing the Comprehensive Plan are presented in Section K. �TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 - A-4 Plan Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2 HISTORICAL SETTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1 - B-2 PHYSICAL PROFILE ...................................................... C-1 - C-24 Geophysical Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1 Geology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1 Topography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1 Floodplains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1 Water Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-4 Wetlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-4 Soils ........................................................ C-4 Soil Erosion . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6 Farmlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-7 Prime Farmlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-7 Unique Farmlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-8 Farmland Preservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-9 Forest Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-11 Environmental Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-11 Water Quality . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-11 Environmental Contamination Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-13 Air Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-14 Historic Sites ......................................................... C-18 SOCIOECONOMIC PROFILE ......... . ..................................... . D-1 - D-43 Demographic Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1 Population Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1 Housing Profile • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • . • • • . . • • D-16 Housing Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-16 Home Improvement Loans ..................................... .. .. D-17 Housing Development Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-20 Housing Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-22 Economic Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-28 Labor Force Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-28 Occupational Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-29 Income by Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-30 Building Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-31 Employment Projections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-33 Future Economic Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-34 Development Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-34 Industrial Parks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-35 Tourism ....................................................... D-35 Sport Fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-38 Development Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-39 I �Future Labor Force . . . Industrial Siting . . . . . . Constraints . . . . . . . . . UtUities . . . • . . . . . . . . Transportation . . . • . . Income Projections . . . . . . . . . ....... ....... ....... .....•. ....... ....... . . . . . . ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .... .... .... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .... .... .... .... .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .... .... .... .... .... D-39 D-40 D-41 D-41 D-41 D-42 PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT RELATIONSHIPS ............................... E-1 - E-15 State of Michigan Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-1 Recreation .......•...•... .......... ............................. E-1 Transportation ................................................... E-4 Natural Resources & Environment ..................................... E-4 Regional Plans . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-5 Adjacent Counties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-5 East Central Michigan Planning & Development Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-6 Saginaw Bay Resource Conservation and Development Area ............................................. E-7 Midland County Development Plans .......................................... E-7 County Facilities Master Plan - 1990 Update ............................. E-7 Capital Improvements Program ....................................... E-8 Comprehensive Community Corrections Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-8 Solid Waste Management Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-8 Affordability Housing Study for Out-County Area of Midland County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-9 Midland County Strategic Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-9 Recreation Plan 1988 ............................................. E-10 River Protection Plan ............................................. E-10 Local Government Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-1 o Municipal Goals & Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-11 Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy City of Midland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-14 Coleman Strategic Plan ........ ..... .............. ................. E-14 Future Land Use Composition ....................................... E-14 TRANSPORTATION ....................................................... F-1 - F-9 Traffic Major Thoroughfares .............................................. . Highway and Street Functional Classification System ............................ . Rural Major Arterials .............................................. . Rural Minor Arterials .............................................. . Rural Major Collectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . Rural Minor Collector ......................................... .... . Local Streets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . System Improvements .................................................. . State Road Improvements .......................................... . County Road Improvements ........•................................ Related Plans and Programs ........................................ . Midland County Long-Range Transportation Plan ......................... . Public Transit ....•..................................................... RaU ........................................•........................ Air ........................................ , ........................ . Jack Barstow Airport .............................................. . F-1 F-1 F-2 F-2 F-3 F-3 F-3 F-3 F-5 F-5 F-5 F-5 F-6 F-6 F-7 F-7 F-7 I I I I I I I I I I I • • • �l Tri-City International Airport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-7 Private Air Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-8 Nonmotorlzed Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-8 COMMUNITY FACILITIES .................................................. G-1 - G-51 Utilities and Services ..................................................... G-1 Sanitary Sewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-1 Water .........•........•.................. ..... ............. . G-1 Solid Waste Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-2 Drains ......................................................... G-6 Recreation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-1 O Existing County Park Facilities & Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-1 O Municipal/Township Parks ......................................... G-12 River and Stream Corridor Preservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-12 Future County Park & Recreation Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-14 Public and Quasi-Public Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-16 County Government Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-16 CltyjVillagejTownship Halls ........................................ G-17 Township and Municipal Descriptions ................................. G-17 Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-25 Medical & Emergency Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-26 MidMlchigan Regional Medical Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-27 Midland County Fairgrounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-27 Public Education Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-28 Colleges & Universities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-34 Community Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-40 Senior Citizen Centers ............................................ G-42 Museums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-43 County Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-44 Pinecrest Home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-44 Harbour House . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-44 Children's Center ................................................ G-45 Horizon Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-45 Department of Animal Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-45 Midland County Mosquito Control Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-46 Sheriff Department Emergency Services Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-46 Fire Departments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-46 Midland County Road Commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-46 Midland County Jail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-48 Mental Health Department . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-49 TRENDS, PATTERNS AND PROBLEMS ....... ... ............................... H-1 - H-7 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analysis of Physical and Natural Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analysis of People . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analysis of Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analysis of Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analysis of Public Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analysis of Public Schools ................................................ Analysis of Higher Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analysis of County Facilities ..................... ... . .... ............... ... Conclusion ............................................................ H-1 H-1 H-2 H-3 H-3 H-4 H-6 H-6 H-7 H-7 �~ GOALS, POLICIES AND STRATEGIES .......................................... 1-1 -1-22 Land Use ....•.......•................................................. 1-1 Community Facilities . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . • . . • . 1-5 Housing • . • . . • . • . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8 Transportation .......•.................................................. 1-9 Economic Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11 Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12 Planning Information, Coordination and Implementation ........................... 1-14 Implementation of 1987 Comprehensive Planning Policies ......................... 1-18 I I I I COMPREHENSIVE PLAN ................................................... J-1 - J-34 Land Use • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-1 Existing Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-1 Recommended Future Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-1 Agricultural Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-1 Residential Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-4 Commercial Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-7 Industrial Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-12 Public Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-13 River and Stream Preservation Corridors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-16 Nonmotorized Transportation Corridor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-17 Synopsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-17 Community Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-18 Sewer/Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-19 Recreation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-19 County Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-20 Township/Municipal Halls .......................................... J-20 Police and Fire Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-20 Community Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-20 Senior Citizen Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-20 Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-21 Museums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-21 Medical and Emergency Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-21 Public Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-21 Synopsis ...................................................... J-22 Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-22 Housing Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-22 Future Housing Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-23 Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-25 Economic Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-26 Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-28 Future Land Use Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-29 Planning Information, Coordination and Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-32 IMPLEMENTATION ....................................................... K-1 - K-32 Growth Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K-1 Implementation Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K-3 I I I I I I I •I • �UST OF TABLES TABLE 1 ANNUAL EROSION - 1982 MIDLAND COUNTY ...................................... C-7 2 COMPARISON OF FARMS IN MICHIGAN AND MIDLAND COUNTY ....................... C-9 3 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION SITES LEGEND ................................ C-15 4 HISTORIC SITES IN MIDLAND COUNTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-20 5 POPULATION BY JURISDICTION - MIDLAND COUNTY ................................ 0-2 6 POPULATION BY AGE AND SEX - 1980-1990 ....................................... D-3 7 AGE/SEX DISTRIBUTION BY JURISDICTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0-4 8 POPULATION PROJECTIONS - MIDLAND COUNTY .................................. 0-7 9 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY JURISDICTION .................................... D-8 10 POPULATION PROJECTIONS BY AGE .. ... ............ ..... ...................... D-9 11 POPULATION PROJECTIONS BY AGE {MALES) ...................... . ............. D-10 12 POPULATION PROJECTIONS BY AGE {FEMALES) ................................. . D-11 13 PROJECTED CHANGES IN AGE DISTRIBUTION: 1990-2015 ........................... D-12 14 POPULATION PROJECTIONS BY RACE - MIDLAND COUNTY .......................... 0-13 15 PERSONS PER HOUSEHOLD: 1990 AND 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-14 16 HOUSEHOLD PROJECTIONS BY JURISDICTIONS - MIDLAND COUNTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0-15 17 LOANS ISSUED ON YEARLY BASIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-17 18 MUNICIPAL LOANS ..... . .................. .............. . ..... ............. D-18 19 HOUSING QUALITY BY MUNICIPALITY .......................................... D-19 20 HOUSING AGE BY PERCENT OF TOTAL HOUSING ................................. D-21 21 HOUSING QUALITY BY JURISDICTION: 1978-1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-25 22 FACTORS DETERMINING HOUSING QUALITY ..................................... D-26 23 TYPES OF HOUSING IN MIDLAND COUNTY: 1990 .................................. 0-27 24 LABOR FORCE CHARACTERISTICS - MIDLAND COUNTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0-28 25 EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY-HISTORICAL PERCENT OF TOTAL EMPLOYMENT ........... 0-29 26 EMPLOYMENT BY OCCUPATIONS - 1990 - MIDLAND COUNTY ........................ D-29 27 1990 ESTIMATED INCOME BY JURISDICTION ..................................... D-30 28 BUILDING PERMITS AND CONSTRUCTION IN MIDLAND COUNTY: 1980-1990 ............. 0-32 29 EMPLOYMENT PROJECTIONS - MIDLAND COUNTY ................................ 0-33 30 MIDLAND COUNTY INDUSTRIAL AND RESEARCH PARKS ............................ 0-36 31 MIDLAND COUNTY PER CAPITA AND MEAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME PROJECTIONS ........ 0-42 32 SUMMARY OF CRITERIA FOR PROJECT SELECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-2 33 STATUS OF COUNTY, MUNICIPAL AND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLANS: NOVEMBER 1992 ..... E-12 34 CLOSED DUMPS IN MIDLAND COUNTY .......................................... G-7 35 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT LONG-RANGE OBJECTIVES ............................ G-9 36 COUNTY OWNED AND/OR ADMINISTERED PARKS ................................. G-10 37 TOWNSHIP/VILLAGE/CITY OWNED AND/OR ADMINISTERED PARKS ..... .............. G-13 38 COUNTY RECREATIONAL ACREAGE NEEDS ...................................... G-14 39 COUNTY RESIDENTS' RECREATIONAL NEEDS .................................... G-15 40 NUMBER OF SCHOOL AGE RESIDENTS IN MIDLAND COUNTY: 1980-1990 ............... G-29 41 STUDENT COUNTS IN MIDLAND COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICTS ....................... G-30 42 PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-36 43 FIRE DEPARTMENT STATUS .................................................. G-47 44 COMMUNITY FACILITIES, MIDLAND COUNTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-50 45 EXISTING LAND USE {ACRES) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-3 �46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 RESIDENTIAL ACREAGE REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-5 COMMERCIAL ACREAGE REQUIREMENTS (PER CAPITA) BASED ON POPULATION GROWTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-8 COMMERCIAL ACREAGE REQUIREMENTS - BASED ON RETAIL AND SERVICE SALES . . . . . . . J-8 INDUSTRIAL ACREAGE REQUIREMENTS PER CAPITA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-11 PROJECTED HOUSING NEEDS BY JURISDICTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-24 ACREAGE OF PLANNED LAND USES .............................................. . GROWTH MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K-2 SURVEY OF CITY, TOWNSHIP AND VILLAGE ZONING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K-4 MPLEMENTATION PROGRAM .................................................. K-5 UST OF MAPS MAP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 TOPOGRAPHY AND FLOODPLAINS .............................................. C-2 DRAINAGE BASINS .......................................................... C-3 SOIL SUITABILITY ........................................................... C-5 IMPORTANT FARMLANDS .................................................... C-10 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION SITES ....................................... C-17 HISTORIC SITES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-24 INDUSTRIAL AND RESEARCH PARKS ..................................... . ..... 0-37 COMPOSITE FUTURE LAND USE .............................................. E-15 STREET AND HIGHWAY FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-4 UTILITY SERVICE AREA ............................................. . .... . .... G-4 SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SITES ................................................ G-8 PARKS/RECREATION AREAS ................................................. G-11 PUBLIC SCHOOL DISTRICTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-35 COMMUNITY FACILITIES ............ . ........................................ G-51 EXISTING LAND USE ......................................................... J-2 NATURAL FEATURES ....................................................... J-15 COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-34 UST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 WIND SPEED - MIDLAND COUNTY 1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-19 CHANGES IN POPULATION: 1980-1990 ........................................... 0-3 POPULATION PROJECTIONS: 1990-2015 ................................ . ......... D-6 HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE: 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-16 TYPES OF HOUSING: 1990 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-20 MEDIAN VALUE OF OWNER-OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS: 1990 .................. . .... D-23 VALUE OF OWNER-OCCUPIED UNITS: 1990 ...................................... 0-23 MEDIAN RENT: 1990 ......................... . .............................. D-24 TENURE OF OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS: 1990 ................................... D-24 MIDLAND COUNTY PER CAPITA INCOME PROJECTIONS AND MEAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME PROJECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0-43 MUNICIPALITIES ........................................................... G-17 1990-1991 STUDENT COUNTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-28 1990-91 TEACHER COUNTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-28 I I I I I I I I I I I I II •I ~ �Introduction �INTRODUCTION programs for proposals. This Comprehensive Plan update is a culmination of several analyses and assessments of the County's physical, social, economic, and environmental needs and problems. Data collection and analysis were started in April 1991. In order to properly address the County's needs and problems, seven planning elements, or special areas of consideration, were identified to make up the Comprehensive Plan. These planning elements include: Transportation, Housing, Community Facilities, Land Use, Economic Development, Environmental Management, and Planning Coordination and Implementation. The Comprehensive Plan addresses the whole fabric of community development in the County rather than one particular aspect. The purpose of the Comprehensive Plan is broad in scope. implementing plan 4. To coordinate urban and rural development in the County based on significant natural features, countywide goals and policies, needs and priorities, projections and planned utilities, community facilities and thoroughfares. 5. To address and establish unified growth management techniques within the County that will ensure the timely and efficient use of public resources to accommodate new development. 6. To promote resource conservation and development through an informed identification of the County's natural resources and the optimum use and protection of those resources. Plan Purpose In addition to these, the Comprehensive Plan also serves to facilitate the following: The Comprehensive Plan for Midland County is authorized by the County Planning Act (Public Act 282 of 1945, as amended). The broad purposes of the Comprehensive Plan are: 1. To address the long-term physical, social and economic developmental needs of the County. 1. The Plan provides a planning context within which local units of government may operate. It is the intent of this Plan to provide for the coordination of development within the various townships, cities and village in the County. 2. To address the long-term environmental and preservation issues facing the County. 2. 3. To address both short-term and long-term solutions and action A-1 The Plan provides an informational base from which other plans may draw. This allows any agency or unit of government to use this information to evaluate their own planning efforts. �I recommended policy issues include the following: 3. To remove as much uncertainty as possible from the development process within Midland County and thereby facilitate optimum locational decisions on the part of all community sectors (developers, businesses, industries), as well as the respective local governments. Land Use Planning Policies 4. The Plan considers the cumulative impact of local, regional and state plans existing at the completion of the Plan. This information should be valuable to each agency or unit of government in their individual planning efforts by providing a means by which land use, facility and other needs might be evaluated. 5. The Plan acts as a framework for discussion and resolution of specific issues, such as economic development, site selection and utility planning. While the Plan will not, in and of itself, provide specific solutions, it will provide at least some of the information required to reach a decision. 6. The Plan offers continuity in terms of direction of Midland County's future growth through successive County administrations. 1. Identifying areas potentially unsuitable for on-site wastewater disposal. 2. Implementing regulations prepared for governing floodplain development. 3. Identifying, protecting and preserving prime agricultural lands. 4. Improving erosion control practices throughout the County as a means of curbing soil loss. 5. Achieving a coordinated and efficient set of regulatory and administrative processes throughout the County related to the splitting of lots, access to land parcels, and control of subdivision design and development. 6. Ensuring an environmentally safe, small watershed and drainage basin system within the County. 7. Encouraging the formulation and adoption of minimum uniform standards and regulations throughout the County, governing land use and community development. Recommendations This Comprehensive Plan recommends several different types of special, or functional, plans, studies, and policies that should be prepared and implemented to complement the overall thrust of comprehensive planning in the County. These plans and policies correspond to the numbered policy issues in Section I, Goals, Policies and Strategies. The 8. A-2 Encouraging local communities to consider as part of their planning process, the scenic and recreational value of the County's major water features. -I I I I I I I I I I I • • �17. Preserving and protecting personal safety, while maximizing access to property, and providing for the needs of through traffic. Community Facilities Planning Policies 9. Developing a management system capable of coordinating both County and local service delivery, to achieve optimum efficiency in providing quality services. 18. Preparing an area-wide comprehensive transportation plan and capital improvements program. 1o. Implementing an efficient, costeffective, waste management system capable of meeting the diverse needs of Midland County. 19. Preparing a comprehensive plan and capital improvements program directed at bicycle and pedestrian trafficways. 11. Providing a coordinated program of water distribution and sanitary sewerage planning. Economic Development Planning Policies 12. Encouraging cooperative/coordinated efforts between various school systems in Midland County. 20. Promoting commercial and industrial development in areas meeting necessary site criteria. 13. Providing for a mechanism for a coordinated, efficient program for spending public resources. 21. Encouraging the stabilization of the County's farm economy. 22. Determining the future labor force needs of Midland County residents. 14. Ensuring an equitable provision of social services within the County. Environmental Management Planning Policies Housing Planning Policies 15. Encouraging a county-wide housing mix which provides housing opportunities to accommodate all economic levels of income and lifestyles, and creating a nonprofit corporation to administer a housing trust fund. 23. Regulating development in nonsewered locations in order to protect groundwater resources. Transportation Planning Policies 24. Providing an adequate and accurate system capable of measuring and interpreting local ambient atmospheric emissions/conditions resulting from industrial processes. 16. Developing improved north-south vehicular routes within and through Midland County. 25. Protecting local groundwater supplies/aquifers from contamination. A-3 �26. Establishing a comprehensive county-wide plan to define and address existing and potential air, surface water, groundwater, soil, noise and visual pollution. functional plans, in addition to the Street and Highway Functional Classification System (Map No. 9) and Comprehensive Land Use Plan (Map No. 17), include the, following: Planning Coordination Policies 1. Water Distribution Sewerage Plan 27. Encouraging local units of government to develop and/or update comprehensive plans in coordination with the County Comprehensive Plan. 28. Promoting coordination and consistency among local governmental units through leadership of the County Planning Commission. and Sanitary 2. County Financial Management Plan 3. Social Services Delivery .System Plan 4. County Housing Plan 5. Area-wide Comprehensive portation Plan Trans- 29. Encouraging local communities to prepare and maintain those documents necessary to properly guide growth and development. 6. Bicycle and Pedestrian Trafficways Plan 30. Establishing a geographic information system at the County level. Studies 7. Environmental Management Plan 31. Providing financial and professional staff support to strengthen County planning efforts. In addition, special studies are recommended to be undertaken, taking into consideration the population growth patterns in the County. These special studies include the following: 32. Providing the establishment of a mechanism for requiring intergovernmental coordination of planning within the County. 1. Adequacy of fire fighting facilities in the expected growth areas. 2. Expansion and funding of police protection in the growth areas. 33. Identifying or providing for an organizational structure(s) within the County that will be able to implement, or at least promote, the proposals identified in the County Comprehensive Plan. 3. Siting of a senior citizens center in the south-central area of the County. 4. Siting of an ambulance station on M-20 in the southwest section of the County. Plans Implementation of these policies should result in the formulation of other recommended county-wide plans. These A-4 I I I I I I I I I I I I I • • • ~ ~ I �Historical Setting �HISTORICAL SETTING site of Sanford. By that time settlers had begun arriving, at the urging of Dr. Daniel Fitzhugh, a New York investor who had bought 700 acres at the current site of .the City of Midland. Prior to 1837, when permanent settlers first began to live in Midland County, the area was a center for Indian travel. From the mid-1 SOOs to the early 1800s the Chippewa, Ottawa and Potawatomi Indians hunted and fished in the County. In 1819 the Federal government established the Chippewa Indian Reservation at Little Forks, now commonly referred to as the Tridge area. From 1850, when Midland County was first organized, the logging industry dominated the area. But the massive clearing of stands of trees soon exhausted the lumber operations and by 1890 the City of Midland was threatened by extinction. However, in that year, Herbert Henry Dow, an engineer from Ohio, began capturing bromine from local salt wells, which were first sunk in 1878 by lumbermen. The Tittabawassee and Chippewa rivers, which join in what is now the City of Midland, were major "highways" through the dense woods which dominated the area. In fact, a large number of archaeological sites have been identified along these rivers. The Oxbow Archaeological District is listed in the National Register of Historic Places and the Little Forks Archaeological District has been determined to be eligible for listing. These districts are southwest of Midland. The State Archaeologist of the Michigan History Division of the Michigan Department of State has indicated that "Archaeologists have not yet surveyed most of these rivers, but wherever they have looked, they have found prehistoric sites." (Letter from John R. Halsey, March 24, 1983). From that beginning the Dow Chemical Company, based still in the City of Midland, has expanded and now dominates the economy of the County. Accordingly the development of modern Midland County is concentrated in the areas adjacent to Midland. Part of Midland County's heritage is highlighted in the Historic Sites Table 4, in the Physical Profile section. This table indicates those sites/buildings of significance to the history of Midland County. Additional information was collected in a systematic reconnaissance level survey of historic buildings and presented in the East Central Historic and Architectural Resources Survey, Phase Ill, Final Report (1979). In 1837 the first State Geologist, Douglas Houghton, at the direction of the State Legislature, began searching for salt, which was then being imported from New York. The first discovery was made at the mouth of Salt Creek, near the current B-1 �-I Information on historic sites is far from complete. Local officials and project developers are advised to discuss their plans and projects with historians if they suspect any negative influences on historic sites or buildings. The historical organizations that should be contacted are: Bureau of History of the Michigan Department of State; Midland County Historical Society; and Midland Historic District Commission. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I B-2 • • • �Physical Profile �II II II II II • • • • • PHYSICAL PROFILE The physical make-up of Midland County helped shape its history and will continue to influence its direction in the future. The rivers, forests and farmlands are important assets to the economic vitality and quality of life in Midland County. This section examines the importance of those physical features and the impacts of sensitive environmental surroundings. Community awareness and understanding of these conditions will help maintain the quality of life for future generations. Topography Geophysical Features Floodplains As noted above, the County has a flat profile with topographic changes of about 100 feet from one side of the County to the other. The topographic profile indicates a shallow valley generally following the Tittabawassee River. The land generally rises from that basin out to the edges of the County. The Topography and Floodplains map illustrates the lack of relief in the County (Map 1). Geology The geologic history of Midland County, as in the rest of Michigan, is dominated by the influence of glacial action, and of ancient seas. Rock formations of gypsum, dolomite (a limestone or marble rich in magnesium carbonate), sandstone, limestone and shale to a depth of 450 feet are covered with a variety of glacial deposits, called drift. The only identified floodplain, as acknowledged by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, is in the City of Midland. Studied in detail was the Tittabawassee River, Chippewa River, Sturgeon Creek, Inman Drain and Snake Creek. The area involved lies around the confluence of the Tittabawassee and Chippewa rivers on the southwest side of Midland. This floodplain area, as well as flood-prone areas are noted on the Topography and Floodplains map. When the last continental glacier receded, Lake Saginaw, a shallow pondlike lake covered the entire County. It is the combination of glacial drift deposited in low areas and wave action from the lake which accounts for the sand ridges (former beaches) and the lack of topographic relief in the County. Drainage from this area to Lake Huron and Saginaw Bay accounts for the rivers and their tributaries. According to gauges placed on each of these rivers, the highest recorded water flows were in 1916, 1948 and 1986. While the water flows in 1916 and 1948 equate to just under the predicted 50year flood level for the Tittabawassee River, water flow in 1986 exceeded the 1OD-year flood level. The 1DO-year floodplain is the measure used to gauge flood risk. The definition of the 100-year flood is that flood level which has a one percent chance of being reached in any given year. Flood-prone C-1 �I GLADWIN I >z :::, 1- 0 0 I I I I I I I I TOPOGRAPHY AND FLOODPLAINS MIDI.A·ND COUNlY, MICHIGAN ,-- 0 z LEGEND c1o,' 40-FOOT CONTOUR ELEVATIONS 100-YEAR FLOODPLAIN AREA I~ ' 1- __ L_ _:..:_ _. I'-• ..... •1 I I I I I 100-YEAR FLOOD-PRONE AREA >z:::, 1- 0 0 I I SOURCES FLOOD INSURANCE STUDY 1984 FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY 0 ,. ,, J 62 50 12500 25000 37500 Gove .i \.ssociates Knco 1601 Portage Street Kalamazoo, Micliisan ◄ 9001 r ') �I d ' GLADWIN ·---,..---- I· I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ci IC .l >- I- z DRAINAGE BASINS C'\J 0 :z ::, 0 0 ' 1-----J-~-+--+-.--~~t='-iif7fr\i~HH-flrfff"+N-I MIDLA'-~D COUNTY, MICHIGAN a.. ~ LEGEND I .r ··· I~~--,-_-=-~~-+ ...-. - - - - DRAINAGE £if . ' BOUNDARY ,/ / >z::, I- 0 (.) ___ ..__I __ t.:) 2 .II ~ 'J ~ _j _j w u V1 ......J KEN 'j; ... ......J 'i ,I GRATIOT ;:: a:: w SOURCE: MIDLAND COUNTY ~ z <3 c:i a: ..J 'j; ci a: IO I cf/d a:: ,.. ,,. .....J ci - 5 3: u RO. d .·· a:: . ► ~ "'a:0"' LL t-:---+----r----:'t------ - ,._ g I RO. ~ 1----+-.,.,.;.'-+--~"f.WW~~ I I IC -- -I'..._ - - ~ I -·. I ~.a._,~- ' r--..1 ---' c:i a: a: a: 0 ~ (/) ~ 0 6250 12500 25000 37500 CD w IC J: u ci a:: w ..J 'j; ,.._ "' SAGINAW Gove Associates Inco 1601 Portage Street K&l&mu:oo, Micbig&n -119001 C-3 �• • • • Wetlands areas are those subject to the same flooding potential but are not defined precisely as to flood levels . Regulation of wetland areas is through the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. Wetland resources are important in recharging groundwater and filtering surface waters by trapping impurities. They also serve as wildlife habitats. Determination of wetlands is accomplished through the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) on a site-by-site basis. The Existing Land Use map, which is on file at the Midland County Department of Planning, indicates the areas designated by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources as being a type of wetland. These areas comprise approximately 3.6 percent of the total County land area. The Kawkawlin Wildlife Flooding and Refuge Area in Mills Township is one of the County's largest wetlands. Water Features The most significant water features in the County are the Tittabawassee, Chippewa, Pine and Salt rivers and Sanford and Wixom lakes. The principal value of these water features . is for scenic and recreational use, with some agricultural and industrial applications. There are seven dams in the County: Dow Chemical Company's dam on the Tittabawassee River, Wolverine Power Corporation's dams at Sanford and Wixom lakes, the Kawkawlin Flooding and Robert Dulude dams in Mills Township and the Gregor and Marcus dams in Jerome Township. The Tittabawassee River -is a noted sports fisheries resource possessing a sizeable walleye population. Soils In the history of the County the rivers were especially important transportation routes, creating a number of significant historic areas. Indians and early settlers relied heavily on these routes, as did logging activities in l~ter years. The latest available soils information is from the report entitled Soil Survey of Midland County, completed in 1979 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Soil Conservation Service. Included in this report is a generalized description of various soil types and restrictions. To make this information useful, various soil types and slope conditions have been consolidated into a developmental context. The report entitled Midland County River Corridor Study identifies the historic, natural and recreational attributes of the river corridors. Other plans and activities are under development to take advantage of the scenic and recreational value of the rivers. Three development classifications have been used and are mapped under the title "Soil Suitability." This term has been used to emphasize the importance of soil content and structure in determining the ability of the soil to absorb development without wholesale replacement. A generalized indication of such areas is shown on Map 3, the Soil Suitability map. Sanford and Wixom lakes have significant recreational use as well as substantial residential development on their peripheries. C-4 �,, ' --.1-t---+- - - -._ - - I C') SOIL SUITABILl1Y >f- z 0 ::, ' 0 0 ~9::aM----t-~-i~f-y;w~pt.~i._+--+-~~r-~--~--- z MIDLAND COUN1Y, MICHIGAN 1 LEGEND - CLASS A - SLIGHT DEVELOPMENT LIMITATIONS CJ CLASS B - RESTRICTIVE DEVELOPMENT LIMITATIONS CLASS C - SIGNIFICANT DEVELOPMENT LIMITATIONS - >z ::, NON - EVALUATED URBAN MEAS f- >Iz ::, 0 0 0 0 SOURCE MIDLAND COUNTY ci a: ~~ .... d I: (/) 0 ... ~ r-----t-----i,:-""-;----;---,..........+--""'~ 6250 12500 25000 37500 I (fJ. g! ~ -i! d .... ,.I GRATIOT .... I: SAGINAW Gove Associates Inco 1601 Portage Street Kalamaz:oo, ~lichigan ◄ 9001 C-5 �• to various forms of erosion (Table 1). The majority of this loss (265,500 tons) is related to cropland. The Soil Conservation Service has identified a significant soil erosion problem in Porter Township in the south half of Sections 31, 32 and 33, all of 34 and 35 and all but the northeast quarter of Section 36. Class A - Slight Development Limitations: Few areas of the County are totally free of any development limitations. This is due primarily to the high water table and poor drainage characteristics found in much of the County. Class A defines those areas where soil types and conditions present only slight limitations on building and site development. Wind erosion is the most significant source of erosion causing an estimated soil loss of from 6. 7 to 15.5 tons per acre per year in this area of Porter Township alone. This is caused by the lack of protection measures in existence and the sandy soil conditions prevalent in this location. Class B - Restrictive Development Limitations: The Class B areas define soil types and conditions that present development limitations that require treatment. This may include areas of topographic relief, poor drainage, high water tables or other factors that may require corrective measures. The Soil Conservation Service has identified some soil conservation practices that could reduce soil loss. These practices include: conservation cropping system, conservation tillage system, cover and green manure crop, crop residue use, field borders and planting of field windbreaks. Class C - Significant Development Limitations: These ,.areas include muck soils, severe slopes or other conditions that may require s·ubstantial treatment, such as deep soil base replacement or extensive earthwork. The environmental impact of development in these areas may also be substantial. Although other areas of soil erosion exist in the County, the Soil Conservation Service is concentrating effort in Porter Township. As other areas are identified, further contact and work in selected areas will be accomplished. As a preventative measure, the Midland County Road Commission administers the Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control Act on behalf of the County. Nonevaluated Urban Areas: The cities of Midland and Coleman and the Village of Sanford contain substantial areas of urban type soils. 'These are soils that have, over time, been disturbed or replaced to the extent that detailed evaluation and mapping is not possible. Soil Erosion A significant problem in any community where agriculture forms a significant element of the economy is soil erosion. Every ten years the Soil Conservation Service publishes a report that details soil loss in Midland County. According to this report, Midland County experiences a soil loss of 271,800 tons annually due C-6 �TABLE 1 ANNUAL EROSION - 1982 MIDLAND COUNTY Wind Sheet/Rill Cropland TOTAL Pastureland Wind Sheet/Rill TOTAL Forestland Wind Sheet/Rill TOTAL Wind Sheet/Rill Other TOTAL SOURCE: 196,900 68,600 2,400 800 265,500 3,200 0 200 0 0 200 0 0 700 0 0 700 0 3,100 2,800 200 200 5,900 400 Soil Conservation Service; 1982 Resource Inventory Midland County Farmlands Farmland at 72,01 O acres, Unique Farmland at 61 acres, and Additional Farmland of Local Importance at 24,926 acres. Prime and Unique Farmlands are described as follows: Farming in Midland County is a significant part of the economy of the area. The 1987 Census of Agriculture indicates that there were 459 farms in operation at that time. The average farm size was 206 acres with a total of 94,465 acres in production; this equates to 28.1 percent of the total County land area. Current Soil Conservation Service (SCS) estimates indicate a total of 96,997 farmland acres. These have been divided into three classifications: Prime Prime Farmlands Prime farmland is land that has the best combination of physical and chemical characteristics for producing food, feed, forage, fiber and oil seed crops, and is also available for these uses. The land could be cropland, pastureland, C-7 �1982 but decreased 7.8% to $33,394 in 1987. During that five-year period the average per-farm market value of agricultural products in the State increased by 12.7 percent - from $44, 123 in 1982 to $49,736 in 1987. rangeland, forestland, other land, but not urban built-up land or water. It has the soil quality, growing season, and moisture supply needed to economically produce sustained high yields of crops when treated and managed, including water management, according to acceptable farming methods. In general, prime farmlands have an adequate and dependable water supply from precipitation or irri_ gation, a favorable temperature and growing season, acceptable acidity or alkalinity, acceptable salt and sodium content, and few or no rocks. They are permeable to water and air. Prime farmlands are not excessively erodible or saturated with water for a long period of time, and they either do not flood frequently or are protected from flooding. Table 2 conveys the changes that have occurred between 1982 and 1987 in both Midland County and Michigan as a whole. The number of farms in Midland County decreased at a slower rate than in the State. Land devoted to agriculture in Midland County increased by 1.2 percent but decreased by 5.7 percent state-wide. The average farm size in Midland County increased slightly more than the farms in Michigan as a whole. The most extreme difference is in the average per-farm market value of agricultural products sold as noted above. Unique Farmlands . Unique farmland is land other than prime farmland that is used for the production of specific high value food and fiber crops. It has the special combination of soil quality, location, growing season, and moisture supply needed to economically produce sustained high quality and high yields of a specific crop when treated and managed according to acceptable farming methods. Examples of such crops are specialized fruits and vegetables. The last two Agricultural Census', completed in 1982 and 1987, indicated a trend of larger farms in the County, which is the same trend that is occurring nationally. At the same time these farming operations in the County are becoming less productive. The average per-farm market value of Midland County agricultural products sold was $36,233 in C-8 �TABLE 2 COMPARISON OF FARMS IN MICHIGAN AND MIDLAND COUNTY Number of Farms 58,661 51, 172 -12.8 502 459 -8.6 Land Devoted to Agriculture (Acres) 10,942,172 10,316,861 -5. 7 93,299 94,465 1.2 187 202 8.0 186 206 10.8 44, 123 49,736 12. 7 36,223 33,394 -7.8 Average Farm Size (Acres Average Per-Farm Value of Products Sold ($) SOURCE: 1987 Census of Agriculture The Census divided the type of activity conducted on farms into two categories: crops and livestock, poultry and related products. Farms with crop production numbered 318; livestock farms numbered 236. suitable, in terms of soil qualities, drainage, topography and related factors for agriculture use. Farmland Preservation The State of Michigan has instituted programs for the preservation of existing agricultural land. One of the most significant programs available is Public Act 116 of 1974, the Farmland and Open Space Preservation Act. This program allows communities to designate parcels of land as either agricultural or open space and commits the property owners to a ten-year period when no development can take place. In turn the property owner receives a tax credit Of the 459 farms in production in 1987, 282 were owner-operated, 150 were part owners and 27 were farming tenants. Farming was the principal occupation of 177 operators, or 38.6 percent of all operators. The remainder had some other occupation upon which they depended for their livelihood. The Important Farmlands map (Map 4) indicates those areas which are most C-9 �'J • •• • • • • • • • "Ii • • • >- 1- z IMPORTANT FARMLANDS ::) 0 u MIDLA.ND COUNTY, MICHIGAN , -=-·x LEGEND "-~ I ·· ... ---4--..,J,.,. UNCOLN I I . -- .~--;,,,.-~ -~ .. ~ •• IMPORT ANT FARMLANDS ( defined as PA 116 land• and by SCS classifications) I I I ~- J___ i___ l__:.:_ _._ _, ,.......... -7'CMal.""1· ·······1 I '··• -V''-/'-..L o I >z ::) ,' I I 10 u >z 1::) 0 u 3: SOURCE MIDLAND COUNTY <( z <3 <( <.n 0 6250 12500 25000 37500 Gove Associates Inco 1601 Portage Street Kalama~oo, Mic1.i1an ◄ 9001 C-10 �statistics, about one-half of Michigan's residents, or about 4.5 million people, depend on groundwater as their sole source of drinking water. In Midland County nearly all of the area outside the City of Midland and Water District No. 1 depend on groundwater for domestic and business use. Protection of that groundwater, therefore, is a significant county-wide concern. The City of Midland and Midland County Water District No. 1 are supplied with water from Saginaw Bay (White Stone Point) with treatment of the water at the Midland City water treatment plant. based on income and is exempt from special assessments such as public water or sewer line construction assessments. Midland County makes extensive use of Act 116 as a preservation tool. Significant areas of land, amounting to approximately 44 percent of total farmlands have been designated under this program for preservation. The majority of the P.A. 116 lands are found in the southern one-third of the County. Forest Resources Midland County has 159,988 acres of forested lands. This represents 47.1 percent of the County's total land area. Major tree species include: A number of potential activities could contribute to groundwater problems in the County. 1. Brine - There are significant underground brine or salt deposits in the County which are adjacent to groundwater sources. Northern Hardwood 18,484 Acres Aspen and Birch 17,033 Acres Lowland Hardwoods 36, 165 Acres Aspen Predominates 85,314 Acres Pine 2,903 Acres Lowland Conifers 12 Acres Managed Christmas Trees 77 Acres 2. Brine Wells - As of 1986 all Dow Chemical Company brine well activity ceased operations. By the end of 1988 all of the 119 wells were sealed. The wells were sealed by pulling the pipe and completely filling the well with concrete. The sealed well sites are constantly being cleaned up brine that could have spilled during operation of the wells is captured in drain tiles and treated in the water treatment facilities at Dow. Commercial forestry is limited in the County, with slightly less than 500 acres enrolled in the State Commercial Forest Preservation Program. To protect forested lands, however, the County is currently administering a gypsy moth suppression program. This program will be continued with funding coming from a special millage (0.3 mills). 3. Oil Wells - Although actual drilling operations are generally well protected from accidental groundwater contamination, the pumping and transporting of oil may create the opportunity for spillage and seepage into groundwater supplies. Environmental Quality Water Quality Groundwater: According to Michigan Department of Natural Resources C-11 �8. Storage Tanks Leaking underground storage tanks can pose a potential threat to the area's groundwater if the leaks are not detected or any contaminated area is not rectified. While most owners or operators of Underground Storage Tanks (USTs) want to rectify any problems created by leaking tanks, financing such a project is often substantial. The Michigan Underground Storage Tank Financial Assistance Act (MUSTFAA) (Act 518, P.A. of 1988) can assist owners of leaking tanks. The program was implemented for the following reasons: 4. Landfills - Testing of wells is necessary to ensure that protection measures constructed at the landfill site are intact. 5. Land Use - Some land uses, such as junkyards, gas stations and closed dumps may be potential contamination sites. Midland County also has a number of major chemical and petroleum facilities that, while adequately protected, are potential problem areas. 6. Septic Systems - The general lack of sewer service outside the cities of Midland and Coleman require reliance upon alternate sewage disposal service, principally septic tanks and fields. a. To assist owners/ operators in meeting their financial responsibility requirements. One other significant aspect of this problem is the Midland Urban Growth Area (MUGA) policy. It is implemented through the requirement that sewer service only be extended to those areas which are annexed to the City of Midland. However, it is apparent that significant pressure for new growth and development will be forthcoming in the townships adjacent to the City of Midland. At the same time some degree of resistance to annexation is evident. Therefore, without proper vigilance or control by the townships new commercial, residential and industrial growth could potentially take place without adequate long-term sewage disposal. b. To create funds to address problems with releases from underground storage tanks (USTs), such as gasoline or diesel fuel tanks. c. To promote compliance with certain regulations. MUSTFAA funds are available for cleanup of soils or groundwater associated with leaking underground storage tanks. Funds are also available as loans to assist owners/operators in upgrading their systems. Basically MUSTFAA will pay cleanup costs in excess of $10,000 if the owner/ operator meets certain basic requirements such as the following: 7. Agricultural Uses - Improper use of fertilizers and herbicides/pesticides could create groundwater problems affecting large areas. 1. Registers the tank. C-12 • • • •■ ■ ■ •■ I ■ •■ ■ • • •I �2. Notifies the Fire Marshall 30 days prior to removal of the UST. 11 percent of the test sites were improperly disposing of wastes. 3. Notifies the Fire Marshall within 24 hours of a confirmed release (call 1-800-MICH UST). Corrective measures were not undertaken directly but it was found that many residents were unaware of the problems they had created. In a number of instances problems had been caused by sewage systems constructed prior to the advent of modern public health regulations. Therefore these are nonconforming systems that should be eliminated over time. 4. Provides an abatement report within 20 days, and the necessary site reports within 45 days. 5. Proceeds with an approved MUSTFAA contractor. Potential activities which contribute to surface water pollution include: The Michigan Department of Natural Resources has available informational and educational publications relating to groundwater. They have also identified activities and programs which may be conducted by local governments in a brochure entitled Local Roles in Groundwater Protection Management. 1. Septic Systems - Homes adjacent to water bodies may inadvertently dispose of waste directly into the water. 2. Agricultural Uses - This is perhaps the greatest single source of water pollution. Increased use of fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides combined with a lack of water run-off control can contribute significant amounts of pollutants to drains, creeks or rivers. No significant contamination problems have been locally identified. The Midland County Health Department has groundwater sampling information available but not in a format which is easily recoverable or significant on a large area basis. • • • • 3. Land Uses - Various commercial and industrial uses in scattered locations may dispose of wastes in drains or creeks which act as tributaries to the rivers. Industrial wastes particularly need to be treated prior to disposal. Surface Water: Significant surface waters include the Pine, Chippewa, Salt and Tittabawassee rivers and Sanford and Wixom lakes. According to the Midland County Health Department, information on water quality is limited, with the exception of a study conducted on Sanford Lake from 1975 to 1978. Environmental Contamination Sites No significant County pollution problems have been locally identified. However, the Michigan Environmental Response Act, Act 307 of 1982, requires the identification, risk assessment and priority evaluation of environmental contamina- The Sanford Lake Study principally dealt with dye-testing of individual on-site residential sewage disposal systems. The results of this study found that about C-13 �Resources Department, while three are owned by Dow Chemical Company. The stations are portable and may be relocated based on need. They are used to measure traditional versus exotic pollutants. tion sites in the State. The Environmental Contamination Sites map gives the general location of these sites in Midland County (Map 5). The Environmental Contamination Sites map indicates all of the sites identified in Midland County. The legend (fable 3) for Map 5 gives the name of the site and the related data. Traditional pollutants include sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, ozone and lead. Exotic air pollutants refer to other forms/types of emIssIons lacking proscribed emission standards. Often the human impacts are not known. Within Midland County exotic pollutants are generally associated with new or experimental chemical processes. The Michigan Department of Natural Resources has indicated that an average of three air quality permits are issued weekly in Midland County for emissions of the exotic type. With regard to many of the brine spills, Dow Chemical Company is studying the spill sites and decontaminating them where necessary based on a consent agreement with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. The sites are being cleaned by catching runoff and directing it to Dow's water treatment facilities. Dow Chemical Company's brine spill site investigation was completed in 1989; however, the time allowed for decontamination goes beyond 1989 in order to restore the sites to their previous use category. The following is from the Department of Natural Resources 1990 Air Quality report: Several other environmental contamination sites include chemical production manufacturing, landfills, oil drilling, a scrap metal yard, gas station, laundry, dry cleaner and gasoline transport spills. Sampling for suspended particulates in Midland County consists of one HI-VOL operated by the Air Quality Division, three by the Dow Chemical Company and two PM10 monitors operated by Dow Corning. The particulate filters from the AQD site are also analyzed to determine the presence of various trace metals. Air Quality Air quality within Midland County falls under the responsibility of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Air Quality Division. Principle tasks handled by the Department include the issuance of air quality permits governing commercial and industrial processes and air quality monitoring. There are presently four mobile monitoring stations in the County. One is under the ownership and control of the Natural Both the AQD and Dow Chemical Company total suspended particulate sites recorded values below 150 ug/m3 during 1990. In the previous year, two of the industrial TSP sites recorded a value above 150 ug/m 3 • (A portion of the 1989 industrial TSP data was challenged due to questions regarding quality assurance. Even so, the recorded elevated values C-14 �TABLE 3 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION SITES LEGEND ..• ,,. ·-:•• Source of Contamination . Common Site Name* / Status** 1. Tittabawassee River Point of Release Dichlorobenzene PBCs DDT Chlordane Halogenated Biphen Surface Water Fauna Oil Drilling Pipeline Pit Brine Crude Oil Surface Water Groundwater Flora Unknown Unknown Benzene Toluene Xylene Bhylbenzene Groundwater Soil Residential Well Gas Station Underground Tank Gasoline Groundwater/Soil Unknown Unknown Toluene Groundwater Auto Repair Surface Drainage Tolunene Methylene Chloride Groundwater Soil Chem Product Mfg. Unknown Dioxins Soil Isabella Road EIR EIR 4. Mooney Oil Co . 5. Res Well Nine Mile Rd . ,;;, Resources ··0· · Affected Unknown No Actions Taken 3. Res Contam W. .Pollutant Chem Product Mfg. No Actions Taken 2. Porter Field :•:•:- -:--.· IR (S) EP 6. Mostly Mopars EP 7 . Dow Chemical Mid. Plant E (P) 8. Shepherd Rd . EP Unknown Unknown Ethyl benzene Xylene Groundwater 9. Res Contam Curtis Rd. EP Private Residence Underground Tank Gasoline Soil Brine use , disposal Unknown Brine Groundwater Residential Well Scrap metal yd . Pile / Barrel PNAs / Oil Soil 12. Dalton Pesticide Spill-Mid . IR (P) E (P) Chem. Transport Surface Spill 2, 4-D Groundwater /Soil 13. O'Conner's Marathon Gas Station Underground Tank MEK Gasoline Groundwater /Soil 14. Hubbard Mobile Home Service EP RA Gas Station Underground Tank Gasoline Groundwater/So il 15. Tridge Area Landfill Landfill Domestic Comm Surface Water /Soil 16. Dow Chem Brine Pipeline Spills E (P) FR (P) IR (P) Brine use, disposal Pipeline Brine Groundwater Surface Water Soil Flora 17. Forward Car Wash Gas Station Underground Tank Gasoline Groundwater /Soil Plastic Rubber Aboveground Tank Toluene Groundwater /Soil Gas Station Underground Tank Gasoline Soil Gas Station Underground Tank Benzene Groundwater /Soils 10. Res Well Bradford· Rd. E (P) 11 . Gordonville Rd. EP Gasoline IR (P) E (P) 18. Dow Corning EP EP IR (P) 19. Anderson Service Station IR (P) 20. Jefferson St. Tanks IR (P) EP Toluene Xylene C-15 �TABLE 3 - ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION SITES LEGEND· CONTINUED ·•:•• Common ·Site Name* / · :::: Status•• 21 . Central Michigan Petroleum ···••,· ·.;, ·.. Source of · :Contamination ·,:,:,:-:-:::.: }· \ Resources Affected Point of Releases . Pollutant Gas Station Underground Tank Benzene Toluene lsopentane Groundwater EP 22. D and G Laundromat EP Laundry dry cleaning Lagoon PCE Dichloroethane Bromodichlorometha Surface Water Groundwater 23. Warren Township Dump EP Dump Dump Domestic Comm Light Industrial Surface Water Groundwater 24. Rebel Station Midland EP Gas Station Aboveground Tank Underground Tank Gasoline Kerosene Soil Chemical Transport Underground Tank Xylene BTEX Dichlorobenzene Trichlorobenzene Soil Car Wash Underground Tank BTEX Groundwater /Soil Gas Station Underground Tank BTEX Groundwater /Soil Gas Station Underground Tank BTEX Lead Groundwater/Soil Plastic Rubber Surface drainage Benzene Groundwater/Soil Iron Steel Fdry. Pile Heavy Mfg. Soil Painting Barrel Underground Tank MEK Xylene Ethyl benzene Toluene Dichlorobenzene Soil Gas Station Underground Tank Gasoline Gas Station Underground Tank Gasoline Fuel Oil Soil 25. Transport Services IR (P) E (P) 26. Firehouse Auto Wash IR (P) E (P) IR (P) 27. BandeensfWilson Oil 28. Amoco Sta. Jerome St. IR (P) E (P) 29. Dow Corning Benzene IR (P) E (P) IR (P) 30. Midland Iron Works 31. Midland Painting IR (P) E (P) RA 32. Speedway Midland E (P) IR (P) 33. Mccreadie Sales/Service IR (P) 34. Dow Corning LUST IR (P) E (P) Plastic Rubber Underground Tank BTEX / Methanol Soil 35. Henry Oil Company IR (P) E (P) Fuel Oil Dealers Underground Tank Gasoline Soil Oil drilling Lagoon Geologic Chlorides Surface Water Groundwater Coin-op Laundry Underground Tank Fuel Oil Soil Landfill Landfill Pentachlorophenol Benzene Groundwater Coin-op Laundry Underground Tank Tetrachloroethylene / PCE Groundwater/Soil 36. Oil Field Area Andreason Res EP 37. Midland Co. Bldg. LUST IR (P) 38. Poseyville LF E IR 39. Midland County Bldg. PCE IR (P) EP *The common site name is for identification only and is not necessarily a party responsible for contamination **IR = Interim Response (alternate water, surface removal , site security and other partial remedies); E = Evaluation (Studies); FR = Final Response (final cleanups); RA = Regulatory Action (agency actions to initiate site work, e.g. negotiations, peliminary investigations); EP = Evaluation Pending (sites currently with insufficient priority for publicly-funded response); (P) = Privately-funded actions; (S) = State-funded actions; (F) = Federally-funded actions SOURCE: Michigan Sites of Environmental Contamination, March 1991 C-16 .. • • • •■ ■ • • • �GLADWIN • • • •I • • >z 1- cl a:: = t-~=~-~-:-!-r---81-___;,-+--il-+_ o I I I ' I :::J 0 0 --•i ---~-- • I I 0 t-'-'""'--+-.::"!rl-""~1--':..._--?'~~~-·~·~.-:- · t · --- , ' . ....... ··.. . ,, ..... __ ",,. LO 0 z ' -r--,---~1-7"~~1-+-:-~:T"-~~~.;......;-~·': I I -~·- _:·./f -~·,;_ ' -~· 1. ~~~;~►=;:1--111,1.A.,_,.....,,,.._.;;.--+---..;-~~ ... I ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION SITES MIDLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN ' ~-+--j,lllll:aA.1-flol----1~~·~---·---r-• .......... ---1 . ' I ··-1 ---~--- ...~ I ··... !,\ ~ -+----.!...•.__ - . • J~-+-................... - - • - - ~ ,Jr-~----+--+-'--~ LJNCOlN I I~... .r--~ ; ... -i---,._.,.....ir;.=.....4 .\. I Ml RO. d '·· .. I " ·,J ._ ... ; ' LEGEND I I ,--:,_ ~ CD l CONT AMINA TED SITES ~~~c~· 1l . I ,/ / 4r-----...+:=-----;;;t-----+-'-=~'-+---d NOTES >z 1. LOCATIONS ARE GENERALIZED. SEE ACT 307 LIST FOR ACTUAL LOCATIONS. 2. SEE TABLE 3 FOR CONTAMINATION TYPES AND AFFECTED RESOURCES. 1- >z :::J 0 1- u :::J 0 u •ii 4 SOURCE : I ci a: MICHIGAN SITES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION PRIORITY LISTS ( APRIL, 1992 > ACT 307 OF 1962 ~ 2 (I) (I) 0 a:: u 3: <( (I) ... 'i: (I) d ~ a: .... >- ..J "' 'i: t----+~-+--~J.Wf-..........~ (I) 0 In "- "' (I) (I) ~ (/) TTTASAII SAGINAW GRATIOT (.'.) ci a: ~i z COUNTY ci a: /--._/ - .... ' &! ~ <( (/) 0 6250 12500 25000 37500 Gove Associates Inc. 1601 Portage Slre l: K.alamuoo, Michi&&b ◄ 9001 r.. 17 �• did exceed 150 ug/m 3 .) During 1988, the landfill location on Waldo Road logged two values above 260 ug/m3 which is the old primary health related standard and 5 values above 150 ug/m 3 • All sites met both primary and secondary particulate standards during 1987 and 1986. In 1985, as in 1984, one site recorded two excursions of the secondary 24-hour standard. However, in each case one of the excursions was due to meteorological conditions. frequently generated by Midland's chemical industry. _ There is little interaction between health related agencies and the public except at times of major emergencies. Little concern is expressed by the public over air quality. The Air Quality Division hopes to eventually monitor exotic pollutants, as well as alleviate (or monitor) the other concerns addressed. To do so requires additional State funding which is somewhat tenuous at this time. This lack of funding also accounts for the reduction of the number of air sampling facilities that has taken place over the past several years. Two PM 10 monitors began operation near the Dow Corning landfill during June of 1989. In 1990 both sites indicated compliance with applicable federal standards, as in the previous year. Two industrial nitrogen dioxide monitors began operation in July of 1988. Data generated thus far indicate compliance with the standards. Historic Sites Midland County is an area rich in history, both recent and prehistoric. Table 4 lists the sites that are listed in the National Register of Historic Places and/or Michigan's Register of Historic Places. Of the 20 sites listed in Table 4, 16 are listed in the National Register. The Dow House and Alden B. Dow Home and Studio are listed as National Historic Landmark properties. Of the 16 sites on the National Historic Register, 12 are related. These 12 historic sites were nominated in 1989 as "Residential Architecture of Alden 8. Dow in Midland, 1933-1938 Thematic Nomination." Another site listed on the National Register is the Midland County Courthouse, built in 1925. It is an example of rustic tudor design. The Oxbow Archeological District in the Chippewa Nature Center and the victorian style Bradley House built in The Wind Rose (Figure 1) is also taken from the 1991 Air Quality Report and shows the direction and velocity of wind in Midland County. Discussions. with Natural Resource Department staff revealed several areas of concern pursuant to air quality. These include: - Monitoring of exotic pollutants is either nonexistent or minimal at best. - Industrial processes existing prior to 1967 are not governed by air quality permits. Unfortunately, it appears Midland County h~s many of these. There is often a lack of knowledge concerning the potential health impacts of new processes that are C-18 �-1 I FIGURE 1 WIND SPEED - MIDLAND 1991 (26-111-0007) N NNE NNW NW ENE WNW w E I I I I I J I I WSW 15% SW SE SSE SSW s 1-3 '----...11 (}:::::::::::;::/:},<:f 1(?6~:t•.k~It!:jl 4-7 8-12 13-18 WINO SPEED - MPH C-19 - >19 ESE I t 1 I I I I l l �TABLE 4 HISTORIC SITES IN MIDLAND COUNTY - NATIONAL OR STATE REGISTRY :::. ..·. Date ····• Listed Registry 1038 W. Main St. Midland, Ml 05-11-76 National Register National Historic Landmark Property 1227 W. Sugnet Midland, Ml 12-04-89 National Register 1411 W. St. Andrews Midland, Ml 12-04-89 National Register 1505 W. St. Andrews 12-04-89 National Register 209 Revere St. Midland, Ml 12-04-89 National Register 1605 W. St. Andrews Midland, Ml 12-04-89 National Register 2407 Manor Midland, Ml 12-04-89 National Register 2705 Manor Midland, Ml 12-04-89 National Register 2913 Manor Midland, Ml 12-04-89 National Register 301 W. Main Midland, Michigan 03-13-86 05-21-85 National Register State Register Historic Marker Site Joseph A. Cavanagh House* 415W. Main Midland, Ml 12-04-89 National Register Oscar Diehl House• 919 E. Park Midland, Ml 12-04-89 National Register 06-19-73 09-29-72 National Register State Register .Address·, . . . Herbert H. Dow House Dr. Charles L MacCullum House* Howard Ball House• Sheldon B. Heath House• Earl Stein House• Alden Hanson House• John S. \Nhltman House• Dow House - - Donald Conner House• - F.W. Lewis House• - Midland County Courthouse - Oxbow Archeological District Chippewa Nature Center Site - ••·• Bradley House Corner of Cook Rd & Main St., Midland, Ml 07-31-72 04-23-71 National Register State Register George Greene House• 1115 W. Sugnet Midland, Mi 12-04-89 National Register Alden B. Dow House• 315 Post St. Midland, Ml 12-04-89 National Register National Historic Landmark Property John Kelly House 505 W. Main Midland, Ml 07-24-84 State Register Chemical Industry 700 Block of W. Main Midland, Ml 09-17-57 State Register James T. & Elsa Pardee House 812 W. Main Midland, Ml 03-19-87 State Register Currie Parkway over the 08-18-88 State Register 09-19-91 State Register Upper Bridge Homer Township Cemetery Currie Parkway Bridge Tittabawassee River 113 East Prairie Rd. Homer Township, Ml *Residential Architecture of Alden B. Dow in Midland, 1933-1938 Thematic Nomination SOURCE: Michigan Department of State; Bureau of History C-20 �Jesuit Priest Burial Site: Relics of a cross, chalice and robe were found at this burial site. 1874 and open to the public, are also listed on the Natural Historic Register. Sites that are listed on the State's Historic Register, but not the National Register include the John Kelly House built in the 1870s, a chemical industry site, the Pardee House and the Currie Parkway Bridge. Battle of the Oxbow: This was the site of a great battle between the Sauk and Chippewa Tribes. Indian Mission: This mission settlement served Indians in the area until the 1800s. Other sites that are of historic significance to the area, but are not on the National or State Register include: Family Cemetery: Sites in this cemetery date back to the 1800s. Prehistoric: The Little Forks Archaeological District, located southwest of the City of Midland, has been determined as being eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. Manitou Rock: This large stone had some religious significance to area Indians. Wayne Cemetery: On the high bank of the Pine River - this was a settlement during the logging era in the 1870s. Salt Spring: This spring attracted wildlife for salt and therefore was considered sacred by the local Indians. Irish Cemetery: This site contains graves dating back to 1877. Chippewa Village: This site along the Pine River was excavated and remains of human bones, tools and lodgings were found. Wright's Bridge: This was a post office settlement during the 1860s. Redstone Village: This was the location of an early post office settlement. First Salt Well: This is the location of the first salt well, discovered by Michigan's first State geologist in 1837. Herbert H. Dow Laboratory: Site of Dr. H.H. Dow's first successful electrolysis of brine to produce bromine. This is also the site of Even's Grist Mill, the building where Dr. Dow first began operations. Averill Rollway and Banking Ground: At one time this was the site of the largest riverbank log rollway in the world. Father Nouvel's Landing: In 1675, Father Henri Nouvel became the first white person to visit this area. Sanford Museum: Formerly an early 20th Century brick four-room school building. CCC Camp - Pine Haven: To create jobs for youth during the 1930s, a camp was constructed in what is now known as the Pine Haven Recreation Area. Fur Trading Post: This is the location of the first white settlement in the County. I C-21 I �• • travel to and from Saginaw, located on the Tittabawassee River at Main and Benson streets. Veterans Memorial Park: A County park developed in 1951 on land purchased by the County in 1923 from the State of Michigan. Originally the state property was intended for a state sanatorium . Coal Mine: Exploration site commercial extraction of coal. Midland Chicory Plant: A manufacturing plant located in Midland in 1910 near the intersection of Ellsworth Street and Bay City Road by the Franck Chicory Company, processing chicory root as an additive to coffee for taste and aroma enhancement. for Hope Township Hall: Built in 1881, the structure is Midland County's only standing original township meeting hall still in use as a township hall. Coleman Chicory Plant: Another chicory manufacturing plant was located in Coleman. In 1926 all chicory in the United States was grown in the Midland County area. First Oil Well: This is the site of the first oil well in the County, drilled in 1932. Camp 16: Camp 16 was an early logging camp located at the confluence of the Tittabawassee and Tobacco rivers in Edenville Township. The legend below lists the historic sites in Midland County shown on Map 6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11 . 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. Red Keg Saloon: Located in what is now called Averill near the rollway and banking ground on the Tittabawassee River. Red Keg was the first name of the Averill hamlet. Grand Traverse (Mackinac) Trail: This trail is an ext~nsion of the Saginaw Trail from Detroit to Higgins Lake, where it branched into two trails; the Mackinac Trail extended to the Straits of Mackinac and the Grand Traverse Trail went to Traverse City. John Larkin Saw Mill: One of Midland's original saw mills. Indian Trails: Junction of three Indian trails: Grand Traverse (Mackinac), Pine River and Chippewa trails. Dock of the Belle Seymore: Midland's original dock for passenger and freight C-22 Oxbow Archaeological District Little Forks Archaeological Wayne Cemetery Irish Cemetery Wright's Bridge First Salt Well Averill Rollway and Banking Ground Jesuit Priest Burial Site Fur Trading Post Father Nouvel's Landing Bradley House Battle of the Oxbow Indian Mission Family Cemetery Manitou Rock Salt Spring Chippewa Village Redstone Village Herbert A. Dow Laboratory Sanford Museum Midland County Courthouse CCC Camp - Pine Haven Veterans Memorial Park Coal Mine �25. Hope Township Hall 26. First Oil Well 27. Camp 16 28. Red Keg Saloon 29. Grand Traverse (Mackinac) Trail 30. John Larkin Saw Mill 31. Indian Trails 32. Dock of the Belle Seymore 33. Midland Chicory Plant 34. Coleman Chi:cory Plant 35. John Kelly House 36. Herbert H. Dow House 37. Dr. Charles L. MacCullum House 38. Howard Ball House 39. Sheldon B. Heath House 40. Alden Hanson House 41. John S. Whitman House 42. Donald Conner House 43. F.W. Lewis House 44. Joseph A. Cavanagh House 45. Oscar Diehl House 46. George Greene House 47. Alden 8. Dow House 48. Chemical Industry 49. James T. and Elsa Pardee House 50. Upper -Bridge C-23 l.. �GLADWll' J -='.)Ul'HY ---r---,r - - - ~ - ci a: >- ci a: >- z ci a: (C HISTORIC SITES f- => 0 z 0 u :' I MIDLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN a.. <( ~ ' I I I . l"'T-, ~~;:.t::.-;.:t~~........_nt-:'r-to;TT:-~- - -! ~~ r: 1--,.4:;,.~~~';-'~r-"'7""--:t~~T---,-r--~----- ' .·-_..,1 I ~j . .. . '. I <"<A u I I I l:J a: ::, • t; . r---,..,-....:=---.---_r~.~:T·~-:-r . -: : - , •. , ''I, ._.....__ _-+-......"-1---t-=-r-,-•-·-·-i-·--r-t--~ ·-1 -·---.it•-· LEGEND !_\ ~ ><( m e.3 7 HISTORIC \ SITE L HIGHWAY 20 4 ~ "l~V . ' SHEPHER z '.J <( _J _J w m <( 0 ...,..z a: u ' - r - - -; ~ - - , - - - - i- - ,. ii'· z ca: "' w V) u V) V) ... 0 ff. ci a: a: (/) ~ "" c:: a: lTTABAW .., ,.. ..J • C-: I 'i: ,._ U ITY REFER TO PAGE C-22. C-23 FOR SITE LISTINGS <( ci a: ,.. 0 .I ~ ~ z ci a: ::, - 3: (/l KEN GRAT IOT 1. l:J V) V) JASPeR .-···: ci a: w --===-::-- • - - ....... __ # NOTES ci a: '"==~;--~---L-- - ~- EN L .;R GED PL AN CI TY OF ~11D_~~~~ SAGINAW SEE ~D I COUNTY ,--... I - .... ' a: a: C c3 <( (/1 0 62 50 125 00 25000 37500 G({})we .f.~§§Ociates IID1c 1601 0 Portage Street Kalamazoo, Michiga.n "19001 C-24 �Socioeconomic Profile �SOCIOECONOMIC PROFILE changes that occurred between 1980 and 1990. This section describes the characteristics of Midland County's people, housing and economy. Past trends and the existing socioeconomic conditions are presented to help define both opportunities and constraints for the future. The reaction to these issues along with the vitality of the Great Lakes Region will influence the future population and economy in the County. Forecasts of population, employment, households and income presented in this report are based on the Midland County, Michigan, "Local Development Scenario," 1992 Data Pamphlet (May 1992) produced for Midland County Planning Department by Woods & Poole Economics, Inc. Households in the County numbered 27,791 in 1990. The average household size in Midland County has decreased since 1980. In 1980 the average household size in Midland County was 2.94 persons per household and in 1990 this figure decreased to 2.67 persons per household. The areas of the County that have a lower average household size than the County as a whole include the cities of Midland and Coleman and the Village of Sanford. All of the townships have average household sizes larger than the County's figure of 2.67 persons per household. Demographic Profile The age of the population has increased since 1980 reflecting a nation-wide aging trend. This fact can be seen in the percent change between 1980 and 1990. The County's overall percent change in population was 2.8 percent. The largest percentage increase was in the 65 years and over category which increased 41.1 percent. The age group with the second largest percent increase was the 25-44 category which increased by 13.0 percent (Table 6). The 45-64 category increased by 12. 1 percent. Decreases occurred in all age groups under 25. The 15-19 age group, with a 25.5 percent decrease experienced the largest decline in population. The 20-24 age group decreased 14.3 percent, the 5-14 age group decreased by 12.3 percent and residents under 5 years of age decreased by 2.0 percent. Population Characteristics The population of Midland County is centered in the City of Midland, which accounts for 50.0 percent of the County total. Adding the townships adjacent to the City (Midland, Larkin, Homer, Ingersoll and .Lincoln Townships) raises that total to 67.8 percent. Overall County growth from 1980 was 2.8 percent with Edenville, Greendale, Jerome, Larkin, Lee, Lincoln, Mt. Haley, Mills and Porter townships posting growth increases. The City of Midland grew in population by 2.8 percent. The City of Coleman and Geneva, Homer, Hope, Ingersoll, Jasper, Midland and Warren townships all decreased in population between 1980 and 1990. Table 5 shows the specific changes in population that occurred in the various municipalities. Figure 2 graphically shows the population D-1 �county figure and nine have figures over the County's median age. The percentage of residents in Midland County under 18 years of age is 27.4 percent. Lee Township, in addition to having the lowest median age, has the highest percentage of residents under 18 years of age (33.7 percent). The City of Midland and the Village of Sanford have the lowest percentage of residents under 18 years of age (25.1 percent). Only five municipalities have percentages of residents under 18 years of age lower than the County's overall average. Table 7 gives age distributions for all of the County municipalities. Additionally, the overall sex distribution, the median age, the percentage of residents under 18 years of age and the percentage of residents 65 years or older, are also shown on Table 7. The median age for residents in Midland County is 32.5 years. Lee Township has the lowest median age with a median age of 27.4 years of age. Hope Township has the highest median age with a figure of 36.4 years of age. Overall, ten municipalities have median ages under the overall TABLE 5 POPULATION BY JURISDICTION - MIDLAND COUNTY :-· .,. .,; .. 1980 Jurisdiction Townships: Edenville Geneva Greendale Homer Hope Ingersoll Jasper Jerome* Larkin Lee Lincoln Midland Mills Mt. Haley Porter Warren Cities Nill ages: Coleman City Midland City Population 1970-1980 % of County Total. 1,461 1,586 1,113 1,846 2.8 1.6 1.7 6.1 1.7 4.1 1.5 5.7 4.5 4.5 2.2 3.2 2.0 2.1 1.5 2.5 1,429 37,035 1.9 50.3 Sanford Village 864 Countv 73,578 *Includes the Village of Sanford. 1.2 100.0 2029 1,157 1,244 4,4n 1,249 3,011 1,129 4,171 3,284 3,325 1,643 2,389 %of Population Change.. ''/: 1990 Population 73.6 69.4 12.6 13.1 32.2 31.8 36.7 32.2 31.6 31.4 15.9 -5.2 45.4 25.7 23.8 43.9 10.3 5.9 5.6 15.4 SOURCE: U.S. Census of Population 1980, 1990; Gove Associates Inc. D-2 2,367 1,048 •·• ::;::: % of . County Total 1980-1990 ·•· % of Population Change 20.2 -5.4 -2.3 -7.4 -2.9 7.2 9.3 20.8 10.0 -7.0 11.9 4.4 1,812 3.1 1.4 2.0 5.6 1.6 3.7 1.5 5.9 4.7 5.3 2.4 2.9 2.2 2.2 1.5 2.4 1,237 37,819 1.6 50.0 -13.4 2.1 889 75,651 1.2 100.0 2.9 2.8 1,495 4,235 1,220 2,788 1,096 4,470 3,588 4,017 1,807 2,221 1,635 1,656 1,140 16.8 -9.4 1 l 1 I I I I I I I I 2.4 -1.8 I �FIGURE 2 CHANGES IN POPULATION: 1980-1990 CHANGES IN POPULATION: iillfil] 0 ~ 1980-1990 MOUNT LOSS IN POPULATION HAL£Y POR'Tc:R 0-10 PERCENT GROWTH OVER 10 PERCENT GROWTH SOURCE: 1990 CENSUS OF POPULATION TABLE 6 POPULATION BY AGE AND SEX - 1980-1990 MIDLAND COUNTY 1990 1980· % :. . -·•· % of Age Male Female Total Total Male Female Total % of Total Change 1980-90 Under 5 3,061 2,751 5,812 7.9 2,948 2,749 5,697 7.5 -2.0 5-14 6,909 6,359 13,268 18.0 6,011 5,627 11 ,638 15.4 -12.3 15-19 3,960 3,627 7,587 10.3 2,923 2,728 5,651 7.5 -25.5 20-24 3,242 3,136 6,378 8.7 2,872 2,593 5,465 7.2 -14.3 25-44 10,791 11 ,051 21,842 29.7 12,154 12,533 24,687 32.6 13.0 45-64 6,602 6,733 13,335 18.1 7,354 7,601 14,955 19.8 12.1 65 and 2,246 3,110 5,356 7.3 3,097 4,461 7,558 10.0 41.1 36,811 36,767 73,578 100.0 37,359 38,292 75,651 100.0 2.8 Over TOTAL SOURCE: U.S. Census of Population, 1980 and 1990 0-3 �TABLE 7 AGE/SEX DISTRIBUTION BY JURISDICTION •, (Years) 191 32.7 28.3% 8.1% 228 121 34.2 28.0% 11 .5% 500 250 104 28.9 32.8% 7.0% 397 1,402 924 364 33.5 27.1% 8.6% 264 94 366 310 123 36.4 26.8% 10.1% 210 604 242 961 542 229 31.9 29.2% 8.2% 514 93 247 97 328 243 88 30.8 31.0% 8.0% 2,261 2,209 312 890 412 1,507 970 379 33.2 26.9% 8.5% Larkin Twp. 1,798 1,790 258 855 296 1,181 782 216 32.7 31 .0% 6.0% Lee· Twp. 2,013 2,004 420 934 475 1,318 630 240 27.4 33.7% 6.0% Lincoln Twp. 936 871 153 393 164 665 333 99 30.5 30.2% 5.5% Midland Twp. 1,092 1,129 196 429 192 727 476 201 33.0 28.1% 9.0% Mills Twp. 841 794 135 394 164 556 295 91 29.7 32.4% 5.6% Mt. Haley Twp. 843 813 140 379 150 575 287 125 31.0 31 .3% 7.5% Porter Twp. 581 559 88 255 104 355 238 100 31.9 30.1% 8.8% Warren Twp. 933 879 110 424 131 575 388 184 33.7 29.5% 10.2% City of Coleman 574 663 112 261 118 350 218 178 30.9 30.2% 14.4% Village of Sanford 420 469 58 165 76 299 203 88 34.8 25.1% 9.9% City of Midland 18,263 19,556 2,733 6,765 4,272 12,190 7,362 4,507 3~.2 25.1% 11.9% Midland County 37,359 38,292 5,697 15,011 7,761 24,687 14,955 7,540 32.5 27.4% 10.0% Jurisdiction 25 -44 1,153 164 506 204 823 479 Geneva Twp. 526 522 60 233 98 308 Greendale Twp. 744 751 144 346 151 2,146 2,089 316 832 614 606 63 1,403 1,385 577 Jerome Twp. Hope Twp. Ingersoll Twp. Jasper Twp. SOURCE: 5-17 18-24 1,214 Homer Twp. .. Age Distribution Under 5 Edenville Twp. 0I :•:_::••., ❖ Female Male ~ M,:gfn. . %§5 and Over % . ·.·. •· Under ..1 8 Male/Female Distribution {\\· 45-64 65+ .·. 1990 U.S. Census of Population - l- .. :• ,_•- :- ·- ·- - - �The percentage of residents in Midland County 65 years or older is 10.0 percent. The City of Coleman has the highest percentage of residents over 65 (14.4 percent). Lincoln Township has the smallest percentage of residents 65 or older (5.5 percent). Overall, only five municipalities have percentages of residents 65 or older greater than the County's overall figure. of Economic Analysis ...The third stage is to forecast population by age, sex and race for each EA on the basis of net migration rates projected from employment opportunities ...The fourth stage replicates stages two and three except that it is performed at the County level, using the EAs as the control total for the County forecast." (Midland County, Michigan Local Development Scenario 1992 Data Pamphlet). The population projections for the communities in Midland County (Table 8) are based on the percentage of the County that each community accounted for in 1970, 1980 and 1990 - with more recent trends influencing the projected percentages more than older trends. The population projections for the County were developed by Woods and Poole. The projections are based on existing and past population and employment figures, as well as other economic and demographic variables. As described by Woods & Poole, the "database contains over 300 economic and demographic variables for every county in the United States for every year 1969 through 2015. This comprehensive database includes detailed population data by age, sex and race; employment and earnings by major industry; personal income by source of income; retail sales by kind of business; and data on the number of households, their size and inco.me .... The methods used by Woods & Poole to generate the county forecasts proceed in four stages. First, a forecast to 2015 of total United States gross national product, personal income, unemployment, inflation, employment by industry, population, etc., is made with a macroeconomic model. Second, the country is divided into 183 Economic Areas (EAs) as defined by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau The percentage of the County's population that each township, city or village contained in 1970, 1980 and 1990 was used to determine the future distribution of the County's population. The 1990 percentages were weighted more than 1980 or 1970 percentages, and the 1980 percentages were given more weight than the 1970 percentages. Weighted factors of one, two and three were applied to the 1970, 1980 and 1990 percentages, respectively. This is based on the assumption that more recent trends are most likely more reflective of the future than older trends. These distribution rates were assigned to projections from 1995 through 2015 to allocate a portion of the projected County population to each community in Midland County. These percentages were applied to the Woods and Poole projections for the County population to the year 2015. The 1990 and 2015 distributions of population are shown in Table 9. This method allows the Woods and Poole data, as well as the 1990 Census data to be used as a base throughout the Plan. The Woods and Poole projections are identified in Tables 1o through 13. Figure 3 depicts the overall population projections for the County. D-5 �I ! FIGURE 3 I POPULATION PROJECTIONS: 1990-2015 I I 110,000 100,000 'I 95,000 I. 90,000 I 105,000 I I 85,000 80,000 I 1990 1995 2000 NOTE: 2005 2010 2015 A POPULATION BASE OF 75,000 IS USED TO SHOW GREATER DETAIL. SOURCE: WOODS AND POOLE (1992) 0-6 I I I I I I I �• TABLE 8 POPULATION PROJECTIONS - MIDLAND COUNTY Juriscfictlons •·' . ( Townshigs: Edenville ·•:-· -\.. : ):/t 199():' .: •.. ,} 1995. \ ,.;:(·· •.·.::::::: :::::::-· I ·· ,• ·2000:- ,•, •.•. .:)•:•·2005:} ·•> 2010 /\i : 2015'0: 2,367 2,430 2,555 2,685 2,820 2,960 Geneva 1,048 1,215 1,280 1,340 1,410 1,480 Greendale 1,495 1,560 1,645 1,725 1,815 1,905 Homer 4,235 5,115 5,385 5,660 5,945 6,240 Hope 1,220 1,390 1,460 1,535 1,610 1,690 Ingersoll 2,788 3,295 3,470 3,645 3,830 4,020 Jasper 1,096 1,300 1,370 1,440 1,510 1,585 Jerome* 4,470 4,945 5,205 5,465 5,740 6,025 Larkin 3,588 3,900 4,105 4,315 4,535 4,760 Lee 4,017 4,160 4,380 4,600 4,835 5,075 Lincoln 1,807 1,995 2,100 2,205 2,315 2,430 Midland 2,221 2,775 2,920 3,070 3,225 3,385 Mills 1,635 1,735 1,825 1,920 2,015 2,115 Mt. Haley 1,656 1,820 1,915 2,015 2,115 2,220 Porter 1,140 1,300 1,370 1,440 1,510 1,585 Warren 1 812 2.080 2190 2300 2 420 2 535 1,237 1,560 1,645 1,725 1,815 1,905 37,819 44,135 46,460 48,815 51,275 53,815 889 1 040 1 095 1 150 1 210 1 270 75 651 86 710 91 280 95900 100 740 105 730 Cities Nillages: Coleman City Midland City Sanford Villaae Countv *Includes the Village of Sandford. SOURCE: 1990 Census-of Population; Woods & Poole {1992); Gove Associates Inc. D-7 �TABLE 9 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION BY JURISDICTION (PERCENTAGE) MIDLAND COUNTY Townships: Edenville 3.1 2.8 25.1 Geneva 1.4 1.4 41.2 Greendale 2.0 1.8 27.4 Homer 5.6 5.9 47.3 Hope 1.6 1.6 38.5 Ingersoll 3.7 3.8 44.2 Jasper 1.5 1.5 44.6 Jerome* 5.9 5.7 34.8 Larkin 4.7 4.5 32.7 Lee 5.3 4.8 26.3 Lincoln 2.4 2.3 34.5 Midland 2.9 3.2 52.4 Mills 2.2 2.0 29.4 Mt. Haley 2.2 2.1 34.1 Porter 1.5 1.5 39.0 Warren 2.4 2.4 39.9 48.4 47.3 36.7 1.6 1.8 54.0 50.0 50.9 42.3 1.2 42.9 100.0 39.8 TOTAL TOWNSHIPS Cities/Villages: Coleman City Midland City Sanford Village TOTAL 1.17 100.0 *Village of Sanford included. SOURCE: 1990 U.S. Census of Population; Woods and Poole (1992); Gove Associates Inc. 0-8 l \ t I I I I I I I I I I I �• • • • • • • Tables 10, 11 and 12 project or forecast Midland County's population to the year 2015 by age and sex. These projections are useful for determining the quality of various age-specific services that will be required to serve residents of Midland County over the next 25 years. Such services range from pre-natal care to senior citizen centers. The projections can be used to prepare for future demands today, and to use as trendline analysis data in Mure plan updates. TABLE 10 POPULATION PROJECTIONS BY AGE MIDLAND COUNTY Age<::\: -:-:.: \ 1000\i) I h99S:::k'• tt2.()0a'. ::: .. 1 ;:: 2oos:r::. . ,./:C;::.,ft2010 ::· :;_,,. •:- . >2015 ,:::-:; 0-4 5,697 6,360 6,230 6,340 6,700 7,120 5-9 5,911 6,570 6,650 6,530 6,650 7,050 10-14 5,745 6,710 6,960 7,060 6,950 7,110 15-19 5,651 6,090 6,580 6,900 7,080 7,040 20-24 5,465 5,350 5,300 5,740 6,030 6,170 25-29 6,110 5,890 5,460 5,460 5,900 6,170 30-34 6,587 6,970 6,160 5,740 5,750 6,220 35-39 6,369 7,430 7,260 6,430 6,000 6,030 40-44 5,621 6,800 7,420 7,300 6,500 6,110 45-49 4,728 6,250 6,970 7,640 7,550 6,740 50-54 3,848 5,130 6,420 7,220 7,950 7,870 55-59 3,249 3,940 4,880 6,190 7,030 7,800 60-64 3,130 3,460 3,870 4,830 6,170 7,060 65-69 2,542 2,980 3,030 3,410 4,270 5,490 70-74 1,947 2,560 2,no 2,810 3,160 3,980 75-79 1,450 1,930 2,360 2,560 2,600 2,920 80-84 890 1,250 1,550 1,920 2,090 2,120 85+ 711 1,040 1,410 1,840 2,350 2,740 75,651 86,710 91,280 95,900 100,740 105,730 TOTAL SOURCE: 1990 Census of Population; Woods and Poole (1992) D-9 �TABLE 11 POPULATION PROJECTIONS BY AGE (MALES) MIDLAND COUNTY Age '· 1990 1995 .•'.•:•:• 2000 2005 2010 2015 0-4 2,948 3,280 3,220 3,270 3,460 3,670 5-9 3,061 3,390 3,420 3,360 3,430 3,630 10-14 2,968 3,470 3,590 3,630 3,570 3,650 15-19 2,923 3,130 3,370 3,530 3,610 3,590 20-24 2,872 2,750 2,720 2,930 3,070 3,140 25-29 3,023 2,940 2,710 2,690 2,900 3,030 30-34 3,208 3,420 3,020 2,810 2,810 3,030 35-39 3,120 3,630 3,560 3,150 2,930 2,940 40-44 2,803 3,370 3,680 3,620 3,220 3,020 45-49 2,318 3,070 3,430 3,no 3,720 3,320 50-54 1,926 2,560 3,210 3,610 3,990 3,940 55-59 1,596 1,910 2,360 2,990 3,410 3,800 60-64 1,514 1,660 1,840 2,290 2,930 3,370 65-69 1,206 1,410 1,430 1,600 2,000 2,570 70-74 816 1,100 1,200 1,210 1,360 1,710 75-79 560 740 920 1,000 1,010 1,140 80-84 296 420 530 650 710 720 85+ 201 290 380 500 640 740 TOTAL 37,359 42,550 44,570 46,620 48,780 51,010 SOURCE: 1990 Census of Population; Woods and Poole (1992) D-10 l I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I �• • • • • • TABLE 12 POPULATION PROJECTIONS BY AGE (FEMALES) MIDLAND COUNTY •.•· Age . ;.;::' 1990.,.i .. 1995 ::\{· -:::::::-:-: .2000 ;.;:;:..;;:•:,,. ·.; ::;::/ 2005 2010 · .. : 2015 0-4 2,749 3,070 3,010 3,070 3,240 3,450 5-9 2,850 3,180 3,220 3,170 3,230 3,420 10-14 2,777 3,240 3,370 3,430 3,380 3,460 15-19 2,728 2,960 3,210 3,370 3,460 3,450 20-24 2,593 2,600 2,590 2,810 2,950 3,030 25-29 3,087 2,950 2,750 2,760 3,000 3,140 30-34 3,379 3,540 3,130 2,920 2,940 3,190 35-39 3,249 3,790 3,710 3,290 3,070 3,090 40-44 2,818 3,440 3,740 3,680 3,290 3,090 45-49 2,410 3,180 3,540 3,870 3,820 3,420 50-54 1,922 2,560 3,210 3,610 3,960 3,930 55-59 1,653 2,030 2,520 3,200 3,620 4,000 60-64 1,616 1,800 2,030 2,540 3,240 3,690 65-69 1,336 1,570 1,600 1,810 2,270 2,920 70-74 1,131 1,460 1,570 1,600 1,800 2,270 75-79 890 1,180 1,440 1,560 1,590 1,780 80-84 594 830 1,020 1,270 1,370 1,390 85+ 510 760 1,030 1,340 1,710 2,000 TOTAL 38,292 44,150 46,700 49,280 51,950 54,720 SOURCE: 1990 Census of Population; Woods and Poole (1992) D-11 �Both the younger age groups (0-4 through 40-44) and the older age groups (45-49 through 85 +) will increase as a percentage of the County's total population. This will happen in both the male and female categories. However, Table 13 combines the data in Tables 10, 11 and 12 illustrating how the distribution of age groups will change over the planning periods. Table 13 presents forecasts that the future population will be an older population than it is today. TABLE 13 PROJECTED CHANGES IN AGE DISTRIBUTION: 1990-2015 •' 1990 '• % of Population Age Total . Male . I 2015 .. Female Total :: % of Population Male Female 0- 4 7.5 3.9 3.6 6.7 3.5 3.3 5- 9 7.8 4.0 3.7 6.7 3.4 3.2 10-14 7.6 3.9 3.7 6.7 3.4 3.3 15-19 7.5 3.9 3.6 6.6 3.4 3.3 20-24 7.2 3.8 3.4 5.8 3.0 2.9 25-29 8.1 4.0 4.1 5.8 2.9 3.0 30-34 8.7 4.3 4.5 5.9 2.9 3.0 35-39 8.4 4.1 4.3 5.7 2.8 2.9 40-44 7.4 3.7 3.7 5.8 2.8 2.9 45-49 6.3 3.1 3.2 6.4 3.1 3.2 50-54 5.1 2.5 2.5 7.4 3.7 3.7 55-59 4.3 2.1 2.2 7.4 3.6 3.8 60-64 4.1 2.0 2.1 6.7 3.2 3.5 65-69 3.4 1.6 1.8 5.2 2.4 2.8 70-74 2.6 1.1 1.5 3.8 1.6 2.1 75-79 1.9 0.7 1.2 2.8 1.1 1.7 80-84 1.2 0.4 0.8 2.0 0.7 1.3 85+ 0.9 0.3 0.7 2.6 0.7 1.9 TOTAL 100.0 49.4 50.6 100.0 48.2 51.8 Over 64 10.0 4.1 6.0 16.4 6.5 9.8 SOURCE: 1990 Census of Population; Woods and Poole (1992) D-12 I l I I I I I I I I I I �citizens. In 1990 only 1.0 percent of the County's population was 85 years old or older, but in 2015 this figure is projected to be 2.4 percent. This is significant since many people over 85 need a more intensive level of care than younger senior citizens. the female category will increase slightly more as a percentage of the total County population in 2015 than it shared in 1990. The redistribution of age groups is an important issue that will affect the future of the County in many ways. Schools may need to add school rooms or share available space, or change their programs to accommodate an increase in students. Additional senior services will be required. Such services will include housing, health care, transportation, and other programs designed to meet the needs of senior Table 14 projects that the racial distribution of Midland County will not significantly change. Whites will make up a slightly smaller percentage in 2015 than in 1990, while other races will make up a slightly larger percentage of the County's population. TABLE 14 POPULATION PROJECTIONS BY RACE MIDLAND COUNTY ••.·• I I I I I I I :n,:, 20osr:" Race ,::rd99d > ., White 73,466 84,430 88,760 93,150 97,750 102,500 Black 719 910 1,060 1,220 1,400 1,590 Other 1,466 1,360 1,460 1,530 1,590 1,640 0 ·· SOURCE: 1990 Census of Population; Woods and Poole (1992) D-13 2010 2015 �projections were divided by the average household size to arrive at the number of households in the various municipalities. The 1990 Census lists the number of persons in group quarters for each municipality. If a particular municipality had persons in group quarters in 1990 this number was subtracted from the general population. This was done since traditional housing units are not typically required for group housing. Table 15 lists the persons per household in Midland County. The 1980 and 1990 figures are based on Census figures and the 2015 projections are based on the changes in household sizes between 1980 and 1990 for each individual community. Table 16 is based on the population projections for the County's townships and cities and on the projected sizes of the households. The population TABLE 15 PERSONS PER HOUSEHOLD: 1980, 1990 and 2015 } 980.Persons , =,· ,/:4990:Persons\;:'/. ')2015tf:>.ersons= 'i / Junsitlcttori'' ' ·••• ::})Pef Household=>•·:. . t PefHoi.Jsehold:...)' •·· : •Pet.:H ousehold ···• Edenville Twp. 2.98 2.76 2.21 Geneva Twp. 3.08 2.86 2.31 Greendale Twp. 3.18 2.98 2.48 Homer Two. 3.11 2.80 2.03 Hooe Two. 3.21 2.83 1.88 lnaersoll Twp. 3.24 2.94 JasoerTwp. 3.16 3.01 2.19 2.64 Jerome Twp. 1 2.94 2.71 2.14 Larkin Twp. 3.37 3.11 2.46 Lee Two. 3.27 3.01 2.36 Lincoln Twp. 3.26 2.88 1.93 Midland Twp. 3.06 2.n 2.05 Mills Two. 3.36 3.08 2.38 Mt. Halev Twp. 3.30 3.00 2.25 Porter Twp. 3.25 2.97 Warren Twp. 3.21 Villaoe of Sanford 2.76 2.91 2.54 2.27 2.16 Cltv of Coleman 2.82 Cltv of Midland 2.74 2.50 2.49 1.70 1.87 Midland Countv 2.94 2.67 2.00 1 1.99 lncluding Village of Sanford SOURCE: 1980 and 1990 U.S. Census of Population; Gove Associates Inc. 0-14 'I I I I I I I I • • • �-~ • • • • • •I TABLE 16 HOUSEHOLD PROJECTIONS BY JURISDICTIONS MIDLAND COUNTY Jurisdictions Townships: Edenville • •I I I I I 2000 2005 2010 2015 917 1,006 1,105 1,216 1,339 Geneva 367 442 485 530 583 641 Greendale 496 542 592 644 703 768 1,492 1,930 2,163 2,419 2,727 3,074 Hope 431 526 596 679 778 899 Ingersoll 931 1,181 1,314 1,464 1,637 1,836 Jasper 364 442 479 516 557 600 Jerome 1 1,647 1,902 2,099 2,306 2,551 2,815 Larkin 1,155 1,308 1,440 1,586 1,751 1,935 Lee 1,329 1,444 1,593 1,756 1,942 2,150 Lincoln 628 741 840 956 1,092 1,259 Midland 802 1,055 1,177 1,311 1,473 1,651 Mills 530 590 652 721 800 889 Mt. Haley 552 639 709 790 881 987 Porter 384 459 509 565 627 698 Warren 623 753 839 935 1,048 1,174 494 677 755 854 976 1,121 14,709 18,622 20,741 23,026 25,766 28,778 350 428 472 520 576 638 27,791 34,160 37,989 42,163 47,108 52,624 Cities LVillages: Coleman City Midland City Sanford Village County 1 1995 857 Homer • 1990 lncluding Sanford Village SOURCE: 1990 U.S. Census of Population; Gove Associates Inc. D-15 �Figure 4 shows the percentages of household types in Midland County. Married-couple families make up the largest percentage of households with 18,063 households, or 65.0 percent of Midland County households. Nonfamily households account for 6,91 O households, or 24.9 percent of the County's households. Single parent households with female householders account for 7.9 percent of the County's households and single parent households with male householders account for 2.3 percent of Midland County households. Housing Profile Housing Goals This Comprehensive Plan notes goals for residential land uses which provide for a wide range of housing opportunities and the preservation and protection of existing residential development. As described in the following section, the bulk of activity being conducted in housing is by the Midland County Housing Commission and by the City of Midland. An August 1985 report forwarded to the County Board of Commissioners from the Midland County Housing Commission stated two goals: FIGURE 4 HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE: 1990 1. "Provide adequate and suitable housing for every family and resident of all ages, income and ethnic group, in accordance with their desires and needs." OTHER FAMILY, MALE HOUSEHOLDER 635-------OTHER FAMILY, FEMALE HOUSEHOLDER 2183 - - - - ~ ---...-'Mr---- 2. "Renew blighted and/or deteriorating residential areas through upgrading of structures and improved environmental conditions and the achievement of at least minimum standards of housing quality." MARRIEDCOUPLE FAMILIES 18,063 J The City of Midland, Task Force 2000 report stated its housing goal to: "Maintain attractiveness in housing and neighborhoods while attending to the problems of escalating building costs and the questions of energy and transportation availability." SOURCE: 1990 Census of Population Noted in the Task Force 2000 report are several sub-goals: D-16 l j l I I I I t 'I I I I I I I I �• • • • • • • • • • •I I I I I I I I TABLE 17 1. "Consider city ordinances relating to housing." (Relating to building, quality, diversity, standards and flexibility). LOANS ISSUED ON YEARLY BASIS \i\/i 2. "Consider new approaches to housing." (Mixed use neighborhoods and innovative design). income persons." 4. "Continue support of fair housing practices." 5. "Encourage the use of neighborhood schools and parks as community centers." better relationships." •,• :;:::: : 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 3. "Address housing needs of tow- 6. "Promote :veiifi neighborhood Total Number of .Loans 2 0 10 17 20 10 11 27 8 9 9 13 15 14 155 Home Improvement Loans Between 1978 and 1991 the Midland County Housing Commission issued 155 loans throughout the County (except the City of Midland) for home improvements. Table 17 lists the number of loans that were issued on a yearly basis. The average number of loans issued per year is 11. · SOURCE: Midland County Housing Commission While the number of loans per year has seemed to level off in the past three years, the distribution ot loans through the County is not proportionally equal. Table 18 shows the number of loans issued on an individual municipal level as well as loans issued per 1,000 residents (1990 Census). While Table 18 seems to indicate that some areas are receiving more than their "fair share," Table 19 indicates that none of the communities are reaching their goals for assisting low-income households. With a goal of 2,008 housing assists for the County and an actual figure of 155 assists, the goal achievement is only 7. 7 percent of its mark. D-17 �--------. 1 TABLE 18 MUNICIPAL LOANS : :11:: : : : :,aans-= per=f r ·.-:,-:· ·. 1 tttfj.,doo . . Residents=::::;; Edenville Township 4 1.7 Geneva Township 5 4.8 Greendale Township 21 14.0 Homer Township 3 0.7 Hope Township 1 0.8 Ingersoll Township 3 1.1 Jasper Township 9 8.2 Jerome Township 5 1.1 Larkin Township 6 1.7 Lee Township 16 4.0 Lincoln Township 3 1.7 Midland Township 2 0.9 Mills Township 25 15.3 Mt. Haley Township 2 1.2 Porter Township 11 9.6 Warren Township 3 1.7 31 25.1 5 5.6 Coleman City Sanford Village SOURCE: Midland County Housing Commission D-18 --- --------- I I I I I I I I I I I I I �• • • •I I I I I I I I • •I I I • • TABLE 19 HOUSING QUALITY BY MUNICIPALITY Ndm6·efr·otn?' Households :"· ··· ow~ ous;esrrt:,J:1:r . . House§;:::r} 1979.. ·bo~· .A§sisted Since< ·r;\;ssistance:tit ,.J'.ppeptlom:: : ::\:::; _. · Goal ·., · ·U 978:1991J Edenville Twp. 903 73 81 4 Geneva Twp. 382 89 54 5 1,443 143 240 3 Hope Twp. 529 126 49 1 Ingersoll Twp. 916 155 124 3 Greendale Twp. 435 142 101 21 Jasper 390 136 78 9 Jerome Twp. (a) 1,242 164 213 5 Larkin Twp. 1,222 141 158 6 Lee Twp. 940 230 207 16 Lincoln Twp. 514 171 72 3 Midland Twp. 816 69 158 2 Mills Twp. 459 124 88 25 Mt. Haley Twp. 504 73 101 2 Porter Twp. 366 80 65 11 Warren Twp. 653 179 91 3 City of Coleman 475 122 128 31 Village of Sanford 343 37 N/A 5 12,432 2,254 2,008 155 Homer Twp. Total a. Not including the Village of Sanford SOURCE: Midland County Housing Commission D-19 �its housing constructed between 1970 and 1980. Housing Development Characteristics Housing development in Midland County has taken a distinct urban/rural pattern. The urban area of the City of Midland, and the urbanizing townships around the City have developed quite differently than those in areas outside the City. These differences are reflected in the density, availability, variety and cost of housing throughout the County. Figure 5 shows the distribution of housing types in Midland County. Over 73 percent of the County's housing is single-family housing. Multi-family housing accounts for nearly 15 percent of the County's housing and mobile homes account for 12 percent of housing in the County. The City of Midland is characterized by its more dense development, higher home value, fewer persons per household and higher rents. These characteristics are present because of the increased urban amenities (recreation, cultural activities, utilities and wider variety of housing types and styles). FIGURE 5 TYPES OF HOUSING: 1990 LE s 0 The remaining areas of the County vary from moderately developed areas such as Coleman, Sanford, the areas adjacent to Sanford Lake and some areas adjacent to the City of Midland, to the rural farmstead and large lot residential areas prevalent throughout the townships. The developed areas were spawned from traditional settlements created by water, rail and road transportation routes or crossroads. SINGLEFAMILY HOUSES 21,486 SOURCE: 1990 U.S. Census of Population Over the past twenty years a significant increase in housing growth has occurred in the areas outside the City of Midland. This fact is reflected in the age of housing. Table 20, indicates that while all townships except Midland Township had over 40 percent of their housing constructed between 1970 and 1990, the City of Midland had just 36.8 percent constructed in that time period. The County as a whole had a 42.1 percent of One form of housing which has shown a significant increase in use is the mobile home. The mobile or manufactured home provides a relatively inexpensive housing alternative, particularly for low- D-20 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~ �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I • •I • • TABLE 20 HOUSING AGE BY PERCENT OF TOTAL HOUSING MIDLAND COUNTY Year.Constructed> Jurisdictions 1939 or Earlier 1940~1969 . Townships: Edenville 4.4% 36.6% 59.9% Geneva 22.2% 32.1% 45.4% Greendale 11.9% 39.0% 49.1% Homer 14.2% 44.1% 41.7% Hope 15.5% 39.2% 45.3% Ingersoll 16.7% 41.5% 41.8% Jasper 17.1% 26.0% 56.9% Jerome 6.6% 45.3% 48.1% Larkin 10.0% 35.9% 54.1% Lee 7.8% 37.6% 54.6% Lincoln 8.2% 38.9% 52.9% Midland 13.3% 55.0% 31.7% Mills 6.4% 40.0% 53.6% Mt. Haley 12.5% 41.9% 45.6% Porter 11.3% 39.8% 48.9% Warren 16.6% 31.9% 51.5% Cities: Coleman 33.5% 36.1% 30.4% 10.2% 53.0% 36.8% 11.1% 46.8% 42.1% Midland Coun!Y SOURCE: 1990 U.S. Census of Housing D-21 :::: ; ;1970-March 1990 ; �1 income to moderate-income families. This development has raised a number of concerns, particularly in the townships, regarding community appearance and the integrity of agriculture areas. Also of concern is the higher density singlefamily development which is occurring in some areas without proper sanitary sewer and water facilities. Long-term environmental problems could result. The lack of public utilities also restricts the range of housing opportunities which can be provided by limiting multiple-family development. This, in turn, contributes to the demand for lower cost manufactured homes. Township), the median rent is higher in six communities. Figure 8 graphically shows the variations paid in rent throughout the County. Another factor affecting housing is the tenure - or the ratio of owner-occupied units. Figure 9 shows that the City of Midland has the highest percentage of renter-occupied units and that Hope Township has the highest percentage of owner-occupied units. Coleman is the only community other than Midland that has a higher percentage of renter-occupied units than the County as a whole. One additional factor which the lack of utilities may cause is the concentration of development where soils and groundwater are able to support septic systems and wells. This development pattern generally tends to be random, without regard to available streets and related land uses, such as shopping and work place. A structural quality survey was completed for the County in 1978 and 1979 as a part of its 1980 County Housing Plan Program. All communities, except the City of Midland, were evaluated. Three quality standards were used: Housing Quality 1. Standard: Buildings placed in this category required normal maintenance and did not exhibit noticeable wear. The median value of owner-occupied housing varies throughout the County. Figure 6 demonstrates these differences. Larkin Township had the highest median housing cost in 1990 followed by the City of Midland - these were the only two communities with an average higher than the County's average. Figure 7 lists the number of owner-occupied households in various price ranges. Over 45 percent of housing units in Midland County are valued between $50,000 and $100,000. Nearly 34 percent are valued below $50,000. Nearly 21 percent are valued over $100,000. While the median cost of owner-occupied housing units was higher than the County's average in only two instances (Midland City and Larkin 2. Deteriorating: This description applied to buildings with several minor defects and, at times, one major defect which could be remedied at a reasonably cost. 3. Substandard: Substandard structures exhibit multiple minor and major defects which cannot be reasonably repaired. These buildings should eventually be removed. 0-22 I I I I I I I I I I �I •I I I I I I I I I I I I I • •II FIGURE 6 MEDIAN VALUE OF OWNER-OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS: 1990 \/ ALUE ,~$1000) ······•································································· ···· ··· ····················· ········· ········································· ····················· ·············································· ·································· ····················· ················· : : : : : : : : /~j/)::::::~:/\\\:\:/:\\/:\:\/:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::/~-:. ................ ... .. .. ~ ························· : :.·::::.·:::::::. ·. ·:. ·:.·:::. ···················· ···· SOURCE: 1990 Census of Population FIGURE 7 VALUE OF OWNER-OCCUPIED UNITS: 1990 OVER $300,000: 87 - - $200,000-$300,000: $150,000-$200,000: $50,000$100,000: 7170 SOURCE: 1990 Census of Population D-23 �0 0 00 0 Q C )J ~ ...... O __. O N O (..,.J O -+>- O U1 O m O ----J O co O tO O O C )J ......__,.)> ki:-·nJ~,\H,li.~"iwD~lt,, , J ..........~ ~ Q ...... ~~=~~~=~~=~=~=~~~~ ~ ~ -.........,-..,~~~=~~~~=~.,...,..,.~~~ w ~ w o~~~~~~~~=~~~nm ~.....+............+.-......... - + . , , , = ~ ~..............+c:-.........~'<"<"<"<'~,..,....,~ ~ z ·.• C 0 ~ u <D :::, ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t~~~~~~t~~~~~~;t:~~~~~~.-:i O:E CJ> :::0 fTl <D :::, ~ (/) JJ m ~~::::;::::t:::~:t~~~t~~~~~~t~~~~~~t~~~~~.,_,. :::0 ~ fTl ~ 0'"Tl :::0 0 .g ~~=~=~=~....,,,.,=~=~=~~~='! ~......+.......................+.-.,'<"<"<"<'~~=~=~=~~...,...,...,,..,.-j O O () C ~.........,~.........,~..-......=~~=~=~=~.:.i:....:,.:....;.;=..:i O O () n> ~~~~~~=~~==:'<:'=~=~er:-":~~· ~ O C '"'""-"~.-....-.-..........,.=~~=~=~=.,,,..,.,.=~= -U C -0 o, g:::, ~~ ..... ...+.,,,=+.-t-s~=C'Cffl,..,.,,....~=~~~~i fTl -u m ofTIO N ~.,...._,=.......,~~=-=~=~=~=~~=~~ 0 """".....+.............+.-......... .................._'"""".............,............. ........................,................. I 9. 0 -0 ....+........... ~ ~ ,,-..,. :::0 00 0 _. ,,-..,.C o ~-U ~ 0 C 00 "J U £ ~ '"Tl G> c )J m w o· :::, __. O C.Jl 0 0 0 0 0 (..,.J (..,.J 0 (J1 0 0 • ,• •.·.•. · .·.·.•,• .... ' . . ...... . ::i : . ' .... l HOMER TWP -. ~0:p:~ .:ii~:::: ·:: : · _ :._.Jil ili}i!L T::: INGERSOLL TWP ·J·;:sP.ER···+wp·.·· ············: ::rr . · ,·,•.· .. .. ...... ·- .. JEROME TWP .. . ·.•.'. •,•. .. : ::::;::::· ' LEE TWP -:-:• ·.• .· . ·. ..... .. MILLS TWP ·.•,•.•,• •,•,·.· . • ·.· ... •,•.•.•,•,•.· .. . .. . . C z :-:t ...... w w )J m CX> 0 T/ ' PORTER TWP .... :t :::, •.. < \N;o:R·Ri·N·.• TwP····. ... ... . . . m i . . .. ' MT. HALEY TWP ... )J • :to :,:, ... ...... . . ' J] (j) ]) MIDLAND TWP )> z T ):::- .... . .. . . m : :i •: :: J) •,•. -:- :- ·.•.•,·,• LINCOLN TWP . 0 ::f:::: .. ;. LARKIN TWP . · .•.•,•.• , • . . . . s:: ::~;;: : J ::>::: . . .. . . . . . ' . . . . ... .. . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . ] /.;:;. : :~ . : : ! ····· . . . . .•. • , · ~ ..:'.! GREENDALE TWP ,•.•.•· 0 ~fTI ..........,Z := GENEVA TWP . .· .p,. O :J< EDENVILLE TWP C 0 0 N U1 .......... ' . . . .. . ...... w w N 0 -~---_J .. •.-:·~:.--··-:-~ •:- -. · ~ . · . · • : • . • · •;. ; .-.-.-.-.. -. · . z (j) z ~ _. U1 .... ' COLEMAN CITY SANFORD VILL . . ... . . . . .. . . . . ... . . . . .. ..... . . MIDLAND CITY . ,_· ~; H~ lll~I!: Uf l~ ~: !: : '- ~-'- . ~ "._,__•____,___:_ '. ' '._, IMt[~+l'?£Y~!X' ;;: JI : I . . - - -- - · ----- - - -- - - - -- - - . - - - - -- --- j �ii • •ii • • • • • • • • • • • • • • - to Mure housing needs due to the loss of existing housing stock and the need to replace lost structures. Table 21 summarizes housing quality in the County (again, excluding the City of Midland). The number of substandard dwellings must be considered in relation TABLE 21 HOUSING QUALITY BY JURISDICTION: 1978-1979 - MIDLAND COUNTY 1 w Jurt§cfictfonsi:/ · • :2 . . Standard Oefurk>~tlrig(/ .:· 1F • Substandard : : :Nam~tI\l :{; e~f6fult:::.·· .::t:Numbeh •• Percent .. • +:.: :Number:: :::\Perce~ \ · ·, Townships: Edenville 830 91.9 38 4.2 35 3.9 Geneva 293 77.2 51 13.4 38 4.4 Greendale 293 67.4 97 22.3 45 10.3 1,300 90.1 83 5.8 60 4.2 Hope 403 76.2 66 12.5 60 11 .3 Ingersoll 761 83.1 75 8.2 80 8.7 Jasper 254 65.1 84 21 .5 52 13.4 1,078 86.8 89 7.2 75 6.0 Larkin 981 87.4 108 9.6 33 2.9 Lee 710 75.5 145 15.4 85 9.0 Lincoln 343 66.7 129 25.1 42 8.2 Midland 747 91 .5 48 5.9 21 2.6 Mills 335 73.0 76 16.6 48 10.5 Mt. Haley 431 85.5 49 9.7 24 4.8 Porter 286 78.1 47 12.8 33 9.0 Warren 474 72.6 82 12.6 97 14.9 353 74.3 90 18.9 32 6.8 306 89.2 26 7.6 11 3.2 10,178 81.9 1,383 11.1 871 7.0 Homer Jerome Cities Nill ages: Coleman City Midland City* Sanford Village County *Data is not available for the City of Midland in the same categories as are available in the County Housing Commission Report SOURCE: Housing the County, 1980, Midland County Housing Commission D-25 �some distance appear to have lower percentages. In addition, not surprisingly, those jurisdictions with higher median home values tend to have the lower percentage of substandard housing (fable 22). No clear pattern of quality related housing problems is discernible although one trend appears to be present. Communities nearer the City of Midland appear to have a higher percentage of standard housing while communities at TABLE 22 FACTORS DETERMINING HOUSING QUALITY - MIDLAND COUNTY :·.,; ··• ::::: .Jurisdictions . .; . ::Median:Value <•: Owner Specified 1980: :, .·,: 1990 ·• Townshigs: Edenville .:f ,.·.·.· ·_;;::, ...·.,.·,:-:-.,·-;- ·.· <) · p~rceni·:· ·-•.•·. Increase 1980-1990 ' -;- t:· Ill::\/...... '.i#.Jrcer1t L. '.'. •· :( Constructed . ·· Substandard., ._>:::. 1939 or Eartier (1990)' ·. Housing ,\ I.;.. ,...,,.;"' . Perc~J~;:\'.i'. $37,300 $55,500 48.8 3.9 4.4 Geneva $30,500 $40,400 32.5 4.4 22.2 Greendale $24,800 $35,900 44.8 10.3 11.9 Homer $41 ,000 $54,600 33.2 4.2 14.2 Hope $37,900 $47,900 26.4 11.3 15.5 Ingersoll $40,800 $52,500 28.7 8.7 16.7 Jasper $27,500 $38,300 39.3 13.4 17.1 Jerome $38,300 $54,200 41 .5 6.0 6.6 Larkin $48,700 $78,400 61.0 2.9 10.0 Lee $35,000 $45,500 30.0 9.0 7.8 Lincoln $38,100 $50,900 33.6 8.2 8.2 Midland $41 ,100 $53,000 29.0 2.6 13.3 Mills $29,800 $42,000 40.9 10.5 6.4 Mt. Haley $37,200 $49,400 32.8 4.8 12.5 Porter $32,800 $37,100 13.1 9.0 11.3 Warren $32,800 $41,800 27.4 14.9 16.6 $23,900 $33,300 39.3 6.8 33.5 $52,600 $74,200 41.1 N.A. 10.2 N.A. $53,700 3.2 10.4 $44,900 $63,300 7.0 11 .1 Cities Nillages: Coleman City Midland City Sanford Village Countv 41.0 N.A. Data is not available for the City of Midland and the Village of Sanford in the same categories as It is available in the County Housing Commission report. SOURCE: 1980 U.S. Census of Housing; 1990 U.S. Census of Population; Housing the County, 1980, Midland County Housing Commission D-26 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I �II i1 I I I I I I I •I I •I • • • • • housing cost increase of 41.0 percent. Table 23 shows the types of housing in Midland County by the number of households, -the number of single-family homes, multiple-family homes, and mobile homes or trailers. More recent data is also included in Table 22. The 1990 median value of owner-occupied units is compared to 1980 information to show areas in the County where housing costs have risen at rates higher than the County's average TABLE 23 TYPES OF HOUSING IN MIDLAND COUNTY: 1990 Townships: Edenville 995 720 72.4 19 1.9 256 25.7 Geneva 410 310 75.6 6 1.5 94 22.9 Greendale 528 308 58.3 0.2 219 41 .5 1,557 1,345 86.4 54 3.5 158 10.1 Hope 558 461 83.7 3 0.5 88 15.8 Ingersoll 984 861 87.5 48 4.9 75 7.6 Jasper 385 267 69.4 4 1.0 114 29.6 Jerome** 1,803 1,361 75.5 64 3.5 378 21 .0 Larkin 1,193 1,118 93.7 8 0.7 67 5.6 Lee 1,395 793 56.8 11 0.8 591 42.4 L:ncoln 658 483 73.4 42 6.4 133 20.2 Midland 836 730 87.3 16 1.9 90 10.8 Mills 550 364 66.2 0.2 185 33.6 Mt. Haley 570 438 76.8 5 0.9 127 22.3 Porter 399 296 74.2 4 1.0 99 24.8 Warren 658 510 n .5 2 0.3 146 22.2 526 372 70.7 59 11 .2 95 18.1 15,338 10,743 70.0 4,000 26.1 595 3.9 376 323 85.9 25 6.6 28 7.4 29,343 21 ,486 73.2 4,347 14.8 3,510 12.0 Homer Cities/Villages: Coleman City Midland City Sanford Village County *Does not include modular housing (modular housing is included under single-family housing) **Includes Village of Sanford SOURCE: 1990 Census of Population D-27 �Labor Force Characteristics Economic Profile Table 24, Labor Force Characteristics, is taken from the 1990 Census and shows, by municipality, the number of persons in the labor force, as well as the differences in unemployment between the municipalities. The employment and income data are taken from the 1990 Census and reflect 1989 figures. TABLE 24 LABOR FORCE CHARACTERISTICS - MIDLAND COUNTY , :ttI}i. ' :· , . ' ·< > ·Persons 16 :~;: i Jurisdictions Older In labor : Force (1990) Townships: Edenville 18,976 437 1.2 51.2 1.2 13.1 5.0 8.6 37 50 49 37,086 100.0 6.9 49 2,119 534 Jasper 1,332 468 1 2,240 Larkin 1,898 Lee 1,830 Lincoln 893 1,192 747 763 520 Midland Mills Mt. Haley Porter Warren 838 CitlesNillages: Coleman 463 Midland Sanford County Percent Unemployed 48 654 Ingersoll '· ·, Percent of Total .. ·•·• Population in Labor Force 8.9 12.5 19.2 5.1 8.6 3.7 9.4 9.3 6.0 15.5 7.8 4.6 13.0 9.6 9.2 9.7 Greendale Hope ;, 3.1 1.3 1.8 5.7 1.4 3.6 1.3 6.0 5.1 4.9 2.4 3.2 2.0 2.1 1.4 2.3 483 Homer 1 ,:Total·t•:c::, labor Force 1,136 Geneva Jerome , . ~ii&~:Ji : :•{ 1ncludes Village of Sanford SOURCE: 1990 Census of Population D-28 46 44 50 44 48 43 50 53 46 49 54 46 46 46 46 �I I I I I I I I I •I • • • • • •II Occupational Characteristics Table 25 demonstrates how the types of employment have changed since 1982. Three categories Manufacturing; Transportation, Communication and Utilities; and Wholesale, Retail - make up a smaller percentage of employment in 1988 than in 1982. Construction, Finance, Insurance, Real Estate, and Services all made up a larger percentage of employment in 1988. As may be expected Midland County has a highly trained and heavily professionally oriented work force. Table 26, Employment by Occupations, indicates that a large 70 percent of the work force consists of professional, technical, managerial and administrative workers. The dominance of Dow Chemical Company and Dow Corning Corporation is very evident in these figures. TABLE 25 EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY-HISTORICAL PERCENT OF TOTAL EMPLOYMENT - MIDLAND COUNTY 1982. 1985 % Change 1982-1985 1988 % Change 1985-1988 Construction 4.9% 5.8% 28.1% 8.7% 66.8% Manufacturing 49.6% 46.1% -2.1% 44.3% 8.1% Transportation,Communication, Utilities 3.1% 1.8% -37.6% 1.0% -35.0% Wholesale, Retail 18.1% 17.2% 1.6% 17.3% 13.8% Finance, Insurance Real Estate 3.1% 3.4% 17.4% 3.3% 9.7% Services 21.0% 24.6% 24.8% 25.0% 14.5% Industry SOURCE: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. County Business Patterns, 1982, 1985, 1988 TABLE 26 EMPLOYMENT BY OCCUPATIONS - 1990 - MIDLAND COUNTY Occupational Group % of All Occupations Executive, Administrative and Managerial 11 .8 Professional Specialty 20.4 Technicians and Related Support 5.1 Sales 9.5 Administrative Support, Clerical 14.2 Private Household Occupations 0.6 Protective Services 1.2 Service Occupations - Except Household and Private Farming, Forestry, Fishing 11 .5 1.2 Precision Production, Craft and Repair 12.3 Machine Operators, Assemblers, Inspectors 6.2 Transportation and Material Moving 3.0 Handlers, Equipment, Cleaners, Helpers and Laborers 3.0 100.0 Total SOURCE: 1990 U.S. Census of Population D-29 �Income by Jurisdiction Since a majority of the future employment in targeted industries also involve these workers, this trend can be expected to continue. However, the growth of these categories may be moderated should the auto industry capture a larger share of overall employment. Table 27 provides a breakdown of income by jurisdiction. Higher incomes tend to be found in the City of Midland and adjacent "urbanizing" townships. The City of Midland has the highest median family income and Larkin Township has the highest median household income. TABLE 27 1989 ESTIMATED INCOME BY JURISDICTION - MIDLAND COUNTY Jurisdictions Median Family Income > Townships: Edenville Median Household Income $31,506 $29,167 Geneva $34,107 $30,687 Greendale $25,764 $23,911 Homer $36,953 $34,280 Hope $31,875 $28,478 Ingersoll $36,118 $34,299 Jasper $27,708 $24,050 Jerome $32,393 $29,692 Larkin $49,294 $47,500 Lee $23,665 $22,547 Lincoln $33,558 $31,574 Midland $36,304 $35,042 Mills $26,898 $25,559 Mt. Haley $35,461 $29,844 Porter $26,875 $25,795 Warren $28,750 $26,006 TOTAL TOWNSHIPS $33,393 $30,997 Cities Nill ages: Coleman City $29,529 $19,271 Midland City $49,387 $39,087 Sanford Village $33,409 $29,375 $40,028 $33,948 Coun~ SOURCE: 1990 U.S. Census of Population D-30 • -I ~ I I 1 I I -, - 1 I �I I I • • •I I • • • • • • - nonresidential building permits was issued in 1982 when 661 permits were issued and construction cost totaled $6,460,712. The largest annual percentage increase occurred between 1983 and 1984 when construction cost increased by 167.6 percent - even though the number of permits decreased during the same period. The average annual number of nonresidential building permits issued between 1980 and 1990 was 786, and the average annual cost was $19,147,636.3. A total of 8,648 nonresidential building permits were issued during the period. Building Construction Between 1980 and 1990 the amount of construction in Midland County increased a substantial amount. Table 28 shows the number of residential units built during the period as well as the construction cost. Table 28 also shows the number of nonresidential building permits issued for each year between 1980 and 1990 as well as the construction cost. Demolitions and totals are also shown. In 1989 there were 401 residential building permits issued - the largest annual amount issued during the period. The largest annual construction cost was in the following year (1990), with a residential construction cost of $38,562,247. The year with the smallest quantity of building permits issued was 1982, when 142 residential building permits were issued. The lowest residential construction cost also occurred in 1982 when $8, 176,562 was spent on residential construction in Midland County. The largest percentage increase in residential construction occurred betwe~n 1982 and 1983 when the number of building permits increased by 94.4 percent and the cost increased by 126.4 percent. The average number of residential building permits issued between 1980 and 1990 was 280.8 and the average cost of construction was $23,671,725.50. The total number of residential permits issued was 3,089. The largest number of nonresidential building permits issued between 1980 and 1990 occurred in 1989, when 865 permits were issued. The largest annual construction cost occurred in 1990 with a nonresidential construction cost of $38,867,046. The smallest number of Between 1980 and 1990 there were a total of 359 demolition permits issued in Midland County. The peak year was in 1989, when 51 permits were issued. In 1983 there were 12 permits issued - the lowest figure for the period . The total columns on Table 28 are based on the number of residential permits, nonresidential permits and demolition permits. The total costs are based on residential costs and nonresidential costs. The two types of construction are not directly tied to the other, but that relationship does exist. Due to the recent economic slowdown it is difficult to predict if the construction increases will continue or if they have peaked at the current levels. D-31 - -- - -- - �TABLE 28 BUILDING PERMITS AND CONSTRUCTION IN MIDLAND COUNTY: 1980-1990 I>. i? .· ::: . . ·.Jtesidential : }!i;•! l(~ar " . . : : ;m t.JotJ/ . T:..¢ost . $14,590,866 182 I ·- -------- I ---- I 909 918 24,911,073 825 14,637,274 1,078 27,331,343 1,129 45,435,389 1,115 37,147,672 1,232 41,322,260 1,056 54,972,931 1,247 56,032,524 51 ---------------------------- 1,317 70,225,417 38,867,046 38 ---- 1,270 77,429,293 ------- 12,096 434,012,979 1,099.6 $39,455,725.4 12,323,763 715 12,587,310 21 142 I 8,176,562 661 6,460,712 22 276 I 18,512,349 790 8,818,994 12 11984 323 I 21,834,841 777 23,600,548 29 5 241 I 19,082,101 18,065, 571 28 -1986 1987 -1988 - 282 I 24,048,332 846 921 17,273,928 29 303 I 31,444,666 705 23,528,265 48 358 I 35,263,549 849 20,768,975 40 401 I 36,549,704 33,675,713 374 I 38,562,247 865 858 I 1982 1983 I\) 207 I ~ql}> r }f C6$( < A:i: ·J:..¢;6st ).< t - - - $6,976,937 1981 l, · No? Demolition/>·•· 661 I 1980 0 I I I .,. Nowesidential.. 41 1989 -1990 -Total 3,089 $260,388,980 8,648 $210,623,999 359 Average 280.8 I $23,671,725.5 786 $19,147,636.3 32.6 -- I I $21,567,803 SOURCE: Estimates with imputation; Construction Statistics Division, U.S. Bureau of Census . . . . 1111 _, 1111 . . . . . . - - • .,.,. �I I I I I I I • employment projections were developed by Woods and Poole Economics, Inc. and are calibrated to the 1990 Census. An analysis of Table 29 is included under the section describing Future Labor Force, page D-39. Employment Projections Projections of employment in Midland County are presented in Table 29. The TABLE 29 EMPLOYMENT PROJECTIONS - MIDLAND COUNTY ., '.•: .. 'l(, 1990 '"•:• 1995\: . 2005 ···' 2000 2010 2015 19902015 :: : .•· Change 40,620 45,110 47,440 49,440 51 ,140 52,540 29.3 550 520 500 480 460 440 -20.0 40,070 44,590 46,940 48,970 50,680 52,100 30.0 36,640 41,040 43,390 45,430 47,180 48,660 32.8 170 170 170 180 180 190 11 .8 30 30 40 40 40 40 33.3 3,780 4,030 4,200 4,340 4,460 4,540 20.1 12,950 13,480 14,190 14,760 15,200 15,540 20.0 Transportation, Communications, & Public Utilities 580 580 570 550 530 510 -12.1 'Nholesale Trade 530 590 700 800 910 1,000 88.7 Retail Trade 4,740 7,000 7,340 7,630 7,890 8,100 70.9 Finance, Insurance & Real Estate 1,690 1,760 1,820 1,880 1,920 1,950 15.4 12,180 13,380 14,360 15,260 16,070 16,780 37.8 3,440 3,550 3,550 3,530 3,500 3,440 0.0 Federal Civilian 160 160 170 180 180 190 18.8 Federal Military 170 160 150 140 130 130 ·23.5 3,110 3.230 3.230 3,220 3,180 3,130 Total Employment Farm Non-Farm Private Employment Agricultural Services Mining Construction Manufacturing Services Government Employment State & Local SOURCE: Woods & Poole (1992) D-33 0.6 �- Future Economic Development Development Strategy - The Midland County Economic Development Corporation (MCEDC) contracted with the Battelle Institute, a private research company, for an analysis and recommendations regarding the economic development of the Midland County area. As a result of the Battelle analysis, a group of "targeted" industries was identified. A targeted industry is one in which attraction (or retention) efforts should be concentrated and which best matches the County's strengths to growth-oriented industries. Since the analysis was performed the list of target industries has changed very little. Targeted manufacturing identified were: - industries Plastic and Rubber Products Electronic Components Electric Lighting, Wiring Equipment Motor Vehicles, Parts Soap, Detergents. Cleaning Preparations Drugs _ Instruments _ Paints, Varnishes & Allied Products _ Electrical Machinery Metal Forgings - Miscellaneous Fabricated Materials _ Electrical-Industrial Apparatus _ General Industrial Machinery _ Fiber Optics - nonmanufacturing Specialized Repair and Supply Services - Electronics - Laboratory Equipment To implement the activities designed to attract the targeted industries and to carry out a range of other development activities, the Midland County Growth Council (MCGC) was formed. Established under the State of Michigan's Community Growth Alliance program, the MCGC was organized into three service delivery groups, which provide economic development assistance to businesses throughout the County. _ _ _ _ _ Targeted include: Data Processing Professional Organizations Headquarters, Administrative Functions Regional Headquarters for Insurance and Banking Professional Support Retention and attraction efforts and related activities were concentrated in the Area Development Office (ADO), through the Midland County Economic Development Corporation. The Small Business Assistance Center (SBAC) was run by the Midland Chamber of Commerce while the Local Procurement Office (LPO), which assisted companies in securing government contracts, was handled on the Tri-County level (Midland, Bay, Saginaw) by the Saginaw Area Community Growth Alliance. In June of 1991 the Midland County Growth Council and the Midland County Economic Development Corporation merged to form the Midland County Economic Growth and Development Corporation (MCEGDC). activities Business Services Software Development -I -I I I I I I I I I I I I D-34 I �I •I I I I I I • • • • • Another goal of the Convention and Visitors Bureau is to form a cooperative working relationship between local governments, private sector leadership, trade and civic associations, and individual suppliers (hotels, motels, restaurants, entertainment, etc.). This supportive network helps build Midland County's visitor and convention industry. Industrial Parks Midland County is home to a variety of industrial and research parks. There are currently eight existing parks and one research park. There are 22 industrial park lots currently available for construction and five available research park lots. Ownership of the parks varies, as does certification between the parks. For details concerning individual parks refer to Table 30. Map 7 shows the general locations of the industrial and research parks. Within the Bureau are three special committees - Amateur Sports Capital, Meetings and Tours, and Promotion and Advertising. These committees develop the strategies used to attract the four target groups to the Midland area. Tourism The Bureau solicits the four target groups to take advantage of Midland County's many resources. Once a group has chosen Midland County as a destination, the Bureau assists the group in preplanning the event and helps to arrange for accommodations in one of the Midland area's 590 sleeping rooms. The Convention and Visitors Bureau also provides promotional materials and any other assistance a group may require . Midland County offers a large variety of activities that are not only designed to entertain area residents, but to attract visitors from other parts of the state and country as well. In 1984 Midland County established a Convention and Visitors Bureau to supplement the area's Chamber of Commerce and to enhance and promote the area as a destination point for visitors. The Bureau currently has a full-time staff of two and receives additional assistance from the Chamber of Commerce. . The Convention and Visitors Bureau has targeted four primary groups to attract to Midland County. These include: • • • • The Convention and Visitors Bureau is primarily funded by a two percent assessment levied on hotel and motel room charges. In 1990, $117,000 was derived through this assessment. The importance of the Bureau can be seen by the amount of money and jobs created through tourism. In 1986 the U.S. Travel Data Center reported that tourism accounted for $52 million in direct sales and 1, 100 direct jobs in Midland County. The Center established a multiplier of 0.78 that raises the total sales to nearly $100 million and the total number of tourism related jobs to nearly 2000. The Bureau estimates that since Meeting and convention planners Sports events planners Motor coach operators Individual visitors The primary goal of attracting these groups is to diversify the County's economic base by increasing the number of visitors to Midland County - especially overnight visitors. D-35 �11 TABLE 30 MIDLAND COUNTY INDUSTRIAL AND RESEARCH PARKS '}{::;::::;;::::: Yea? t Opened •·• 0I I MEDC/MCEDC 1971 39 16 16 0 Class A Industrial Park The Lincoln Industrial Park I N. Kaweck 1973 40 6 5 1 No City Water Venture Drive I D. Johnson 1976 15 12 12 O I No City Water Larkin Commercial Park I J. Johnson 1986 40 13 5 North Point - Phase I I D. Johnson 1987 25 19 19 Fox Hill Park - Phase I I J. Bartos 1988 40 4 2 Midland Development Park 8 I No City Water o I Many Retail Developments 2 I No City Water 11 I Class A Certified Industrial Park Eastwick Industrial Park MCEGDC and 338 Corp. 1988 85 18 7 Water Tower Center F. Gerace 1988 48 I As Needed (2) All I Old Martin-Marietta Plant 22 w 0) TOTAL 8 332 88 66 44 10 5 5 I Class A Technology Park 44 10 5 5 Research Parks Eagle Ridge - Phase I TOTAL MCEGDC 1989 SOURCE: Midland County Economic Growth and Development Corporation (MCEGDC) �• C: a:: GLADWIN COU~HY ci a:: ~~~-.-:..-;_..-......_-t-:-"'-t-""9'11"--:,;...-+ro-.:,_,.._+.:. 1 .: _.. . '~ - ~ I I ., _ ~ i z :::> 0 (._) - --r- -1I:.....::::t:I i - T- - - I i~v•. - - - ·-.·. ··.; r0 z a.. <( ~ --t--. ...... I •. ~,;. 't- ---,._. . ··-., ·.. I . .·· ···- ..; ·· -...., 1 . ' ffi. ,:·,; : 'l ......"'f-r~"""""1~~__,,~.......,,----h_......,,--_ ' RD. -~~---,-~· a:: >- 1- .•. a.~.:· i 0 • C4RTIS ci ---, ---, z • , CURTIS •R INDUSTRIAL & RESEARCH PARKS MIDLAND COUN1Y, MICHIGAN . ...-:- .-.......-t----.:::"':!S:ir-- .,.~~r--=----;,.,,_~"'t-'-:1<;...~~ . ' -·-r-· I ' -~--- LEGEND 1:• ~ ··. \ ><( co >z 1- :::, 0 (._) 10 8 r ,, 1 2 3 LINCOLN 4 LARKIN COMMERCIAL PARK 5 NORTH POINT 6 7 8 9 FOX 10 11 UNIVERSAL PARK 12 EAGLE RIDGE CENTENNIAL DRIVE INDUSTRIAL PARK VENTURE DRIVE PHASE HILL PARK EASTWICK - ROCKWELL WATER PARK - PHASE PHASE I INDUSTRIAL PARK TOWER DISCOVERY CENTER SQAURE - PHASE d a: a:: ~ 0 a! f JAS~~; D. ,. -'--- • ci a: I ---.L--1 RD. I l-,---+---t---:,---:'t---1----r - - ·- ci a:: I . . ~ 'J <( _J _J w C) z ► au ICEN 'i: w ► VI ...J . "'0 '!: "' ~,. C CIC ci a:: "'.J "'...J 'i .I GRATIOT C 'i: <( z "'"' "' "' ~ ,,----1 MIDLAND CCUNTY - .., ' ci a:: a: a:: 0 <( Vl 0 6250 12500 25000 37500 Gove ..1..\ssociates lnco ITTABAII SAGINAW ci a:: SOURCE: C) "' ci a: I C/1 3: ..."' da:: I: ~ u ' ---+-- - ="'... ...z "'"'0 a: COUNTY 1601 Portage Street Kalamuoo, Michigan 49001 0-37 �• • • • • • • • • • • • hockey. Additionally, over 20 outdoor ice skating rinks exist, four toboggan runs, cross-country skiing and a curling center associated with the Midland Community Center. 1986 tourism related income has increased between five and 15 percent annually. This estimate is based in part on the increase in room assessment fees the Bureau has received annually since 1986. Midland has 16 soccer fields - a sport that is increasing in popularity - to serve the needs of residents and visitors alike. Midland is also the home of the Dolphins - a swimming team - and offers yearround swimming at the Midland Community Center and local hotels as well as outdoor swimming at two municipal pools and beaches at local parks. While the Convention and Visitors Bureau has four primary target groups, the Bureau has also established a primary target area - Southeastern Michigan and Northern Ohio. This area has been chosen because of the large population base and the relatively short travel time . The short distance to Midland is being used to attract visitors interested in long weekend visits - an option that more people are choosing as a vacation option. In 1989, 55 percent of all vacation trips taken in 1989 lasted three nights or less and nearly half of all vacation trips were taken over a weekend. This, along with the area's many attractions, is one of the details used to attract visitors to the Midland County area. . Sport Fishing Sport fishing in Midland County is a growing industry due to the quality of fishing and recent national recognition. In the November 1986 issue of 1.n.: Fisherman, Midland County was called ''The Best Fall Walleye Fishing in North America," but fall is not the only season for fishing in Midland County. The walleye run in the fall and spring and May is the best time of the year for white bass fishing. A large variety of fish can be caught in the summer. Fishing in Midland County is concentrated in the Tittibawasee River and Sanford Lake. Sanford Lake is a blocked portion of the Tittibawasee River that is 11 miles long and covers 1,250 acres. According to the Midland County Convention and Visitors Bureau more than $1 million was invested in capital and local fish planting between 1977 and 1987. Two-thirds of the anglers come from the Bay-MidlandSaginaw area. Annual walleye fishing tournaments are held to promote tourism and recreation use. The Bureau's goals for sport fishing include attracting 20,000 The details used to attract sporting event planners to the area are numerous. Midland has 17 softball diamonds and 1o baseball diamonds for men's, women's and youth fast and slow pitch ball. Midland was the 1991 host of the National and World Championship Softball Tournament. The Midland Community Tennis Center has 32 tennis courts - 16 of which are indoor. The Center has a teaching staff, a pro shop and sponsors many major tournaments. In addition to the Community Tennis Center there are over 40 additional tennis courts throughout the area. Midland has two indoor ice arenas for figure skating, speed skating or ice D-38 �I some industries may have objectionable aspects needing large acreage for buffering, coupled with the availability of land at lower costs, lower taxes and a community willing to grant incentives, may enhance development potential in outlying areas. fishing enthusiasts per year, to generate 34 new jobs, and to create a flow of $1,350,000 per year in the local economy. Additionally, a new walleye rearing pond is being investigated and a fishing map that lists access sites, campgrounds, motels, restaurants, boat servicing and tackle shops is being jointly produced by Midland and Saginaw counties. Future Labor Force Given the targeted industries and the development potential of the County, some implications for the labor force that will be needed can be estimated. As seen in Table 26, the Employment By Occupations, the labor force of the County is heavily oriented toward white collar employment; Craft and Kindred and Operatives make up less than 30 percent of the work force. Several of the targeted industries, on the other hand, require blue collar laborers in large numbers. Others will require additional skilled laborers. Therefore, it may be expected that the need for workers in the Craft and Kindred and Operatives occupations will increase. Finally, the Convention and Visitors Bureau is promoting Midland County as a destination for motor coach operators. This type of vacation plan is increasing in popularity in the Midwest. With Midland County's many sites of interest, festivals and central location in Michigan it is an ideal destination for motor coach tours. Development Issues Since the Economic Growth and Development Corporation operates on a county-wide basis, a number of development issues have been identified as needing attention. Among these issues is the need for cooperation between the City of Midland and the rest of the County, particularly with regard to availability of land and utilities. In this regard, more involvement by the townships will be needed. One significant vehicle to increase cooperative efforts will be the County Economic Growth and Development Corporation. I I I I I I I I 1 I The future employment projections listed in Table 29 describe the changes that will likely occur in the composition of the County's labor force. The overall number of employees working in Midland County by 2015 is expected to increase by 11,920 or 29.3 percent. During the same period (between 1990 and 2015), the County's working age population (16-64 years of age) is projected to increase by 16, 151 persons. Comparing existing and projected ratios of working aged people to jobs, it is apparent that there will be a lower ratio of jobs to people in 2015. In 1990 there were 40,620 full-time and part-time The need for cooperation may become apparent should surrounding or outlying communities promote their areas for growth to increase their tax base. As noted in the Industrial Siting section, development in nonutility service areas has the potential for long term environmental problems. The fact that D-39 l 1 l l l �• • • • • • • • • employees in the County. This indicates that 81.9 percent of the 49,576 residents between the ages of 16 and 64 were employed in 1990. In 2015 total employment (full-time and part-time} is projected to be 52,540. This represents 79.9 percent of the County population of 16-64 year olds (65,727) in 2015. If the ratio of jobs to working aged residents is to remain at 1990 levels (i.e. 81.9%) there will need to be 53,830 jobs in 2015, or 1,290 jobs more than the 52,540 projected. If those jobs are not available in the County, then the unemployment rate can be expected to be higher than the current rate, or workers will leave the area in search of other employment, thereby reducing the labor force and retaining a lower rate of unemployment. 70 jobs. All other private sector forms of employment are expected to increase. While the overall employment projections indicate that employment will increase in Midland County not all areas will increase. Private employment is projected to increase by 12,020 employees (32.8%), but government employment ls expected to remain the same. While government employment is projected to remain the same, there will be fewer military employees, more federal civilian employees and slightly more state and local employees. Employment projections for the private sector vary considerably between the categories on Table 29. The largest shifts in employment (gains and losses) are projected to occur in the private sector. Farm employment is projected to experience the largest decrease (110 fewer jobs) of all the employment categories. The second largest numeric loss is expected to occur in transportation, communications and public utilities employment with a loss of Other areas where a high rate of private sector growth is projected to occur include manufacturing, which is projected to increase by 2,590, or 20.0 percent. Retail trade is expected to increase by 3,360 or 70.9 percent and construction employment is projected to increase by 760, or 20.1 percent. Wholesale trade is expected to increase by 470 employees and finance, insurance and real estate employment is projected to increase by 260 employees. One of the main reasons that private employment is projected to increase is due to the dramatic employment increases expected in the service industries. Employment in service related fields is expected to increase by 4,600 or 37 .8 percent. It is projected that by 2015, 37.8 percent of employment will be in service related fields. Currently 29.6 percent of employment is in service related fields. These figures indicate that people currently employed in farming, transportation, communications and public utilities, will either leave Midland County or find alternate employment in service related fields . Industrial Siting Given the targeted list of industrial and service products of the Battelle Development Strategy, and taking into account the development constraints present, the following site criteria for industrial growth are most relevant for Midland County. 1. Utilities and Energy Supplies - With the exception of the electronics and D-40 �Constraints data processing industries, large volumes of water and sewer usage may be required for each targeted industry group. While water may be available outside of the City of Midland or the Midland Urban Growth Area, the availability of sewage disposal is limited. Energy supplies ~.e., gas and electricity) may be limited outside of urbanized locations and power transmission corridors. While significant advantages exist for new industrial development, particularly in the areas of quality of life and labor force, Mure development potential may be significantly constrained in the County by the following factors. Utilities This is the most significant hindrance to growth in the County. Without public sewer and water the range and intensity of industrial and commercial uses will continue to be limited. 2. Transportation - For each of the targeted industries, possibly excluding data processing, availability of an efficient transportation network, especially highway and rail access, is essential. The U.S. 10 Corridor, and the CSX Railroad serving the chemical industry, fulfills this requirement. While the Midland Urban Growth Area (MUGA) has been effective in concentrating development within the City of Midland it is apparent that annexations will continue to be contested by some surrounding units of government. In addition, these governments have some policies that indicate the promotion of new development. Should this development materialize without public utilities a significant potential for environmental problems exists. 3. Hazardous/Industrial Wastes - A major factor, particularly in the drug and chemical industries, is the availability of disposal sites for hazardous wastes. While Dow Chemical has provided its own facility, its availability for other chemical processors or drug manufacturers is uncertain. 4. Land Use Policies - In nearly all of the townships where utilities are not available the limitations on growth for industrial facilities are recognized. The availability of the other criteria, as noted in this section, tends to reinforce those policies. However, as residential development increases in some townships the need for increased tax base to support this development may create a more aggressive posture toward attracting new industrial and commercial development. D-41 -I I I I I I I I I I 1 Transportation 1 New inventory and production procedures, particularly those such as the "Just In Time" supplier system where inventories of production facilities are deliberately kept at a minimum, make transportation networks a critical item. Midland County is disadvantaged in that the regional north-south link to other industrial markets, I-75, is some distance from the County, although a suitable connection does exist. In addition, no major regional east-west link is available. I 1 1 1 l , �• • • • • • • • • • 1987 dollars increase at a much smaller rate. Between 1990 and 2015 the percapita income is projected to increase by 274.1 percent {current dollars), and the mean household income is projected to increase by 205.4 percent {current dollars). Using the 1987 dollars figure the per-capita income is projected to increase by 33.5 percent and the mean household income is expected to increase by 9.0 percent. This indicates that each household will be able to purchase 9 percent more with a pay check in 2015 than was possible in 1990 . Income Projections The income projections for Midland County (Table 31) were compiled by Woods and Poole Economics, Inc. The per-capita income and the mean household income are projected to the year 2015 and are shown in current dollar figures and 1987 dollar figures. The 1987 dollar figures are listed to show the actual spending power increase of per-capita incomes and mean household incomes. Figure 10 graphically demonstrates that while current dollar figures rise sharply the figures based on TABLE 31 MIDLAND COUNTY PER-CAPITA AND MEAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME PROJECTIONS "' 1989 Current Dollars ·•·-:-· ·.•. 1987 Dollars · Midland Qounty Per Capita Income Mean Household Income· 1990 $19,729 $52,746 $17,200 $45,986 1995 $23,872 $61,879 $17,138 $44,423 2000 $31,922 $79,413 $18,673 $46,455 2005 $42,544 $101,353 $20,163 $48,035 2010 $56,588 $129,070 $21,728 $49,559 2015 $73,811 $161,104 $22,961 $50,117 SOURCE: Woods and Poole {1992) D-42 Mean Per Capn.a Household ·••·-••·1ncome Income �FIGURE 10 MIDLAND COUNTY PER CAPITA INCOME PROJECTIONS AND MEAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME PROJECTIONS INCOME ( $1000) MEAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME (CURRENT DOLLARS) 175 150 125 100 PER CAPITA INCOME (CURRENT DOLLARS) 75 -I I I I I I I 50 e---.---..---'"'!::'7"o:::;;..,._.,____,. MEAN I 25 a:::::==~--..---......- -.....--◄ PER I 1 I 1 1 I l HOUSEHOLD INCOME (1982 DOLLARS) CAPITA INCOME (1982 O - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - DOLLARS) 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 YEAR SOURCE: Woods & Poole, 1992 0-43 l 1 �• • • •I •I • • • Planning_ and Development Relationships �II I •II I • • • • • • PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT RELATIONSHIPS Michigan Recreation Action Program. 1987-88. Michigan Department of Natural Resources: The Action Program was an element of the Recreation Plan and described events of the previous year as well as expected events for the coming year. Due to reduced funding the Federal government no longer requires this portion of the recreation plan. Since it is no longer required, the Action Program was discontinued. The purpose of this section is to describe and analyze plans formulated by other governmental bodies and agencies which have some relevance to or affect on Midland County. This is accomplished in order to ensure that the greatest degree of coordination between the various planning initiatives is obtained. It is important to recognize that the planning authority of the County is a part of a broad range of other governmental and quasi-governmental authorities . The Recreation Division of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources updated the criteria for project selection in 1990 in two separate publications entitled The Michigan Natural Resource Trust Fund Criteria and Guidelines" and "Michigan's Land and Water Conservation Fund Project Selection Process. The reports list the criteria used to select proposals for these two programs. The criteria are identical for both programs and use a point system for weighing the importance of the various criteria. A summary of the criteria is shown in Table 32 . State of Michigan Plans The State of Michigan conducts planning initiatives in a number of functional areas relating to state-wide needs. For the purpose of this Plan these areas have been divided into three categories; Recreation, Transportation, Natural Resources and Environment. Recreation Michigan Recreation Plan, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, 1985: This plan identifies overall state-wide recreation goals. Midland County is included with Isabella, Gratiot, Saginaw and Bay counties as a planning region. Therefore, the data in the Plan includes these other counties, known as Region 7A. The Recreation Division of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) is currently updating the State's Recreation Plan. A draft of the plan update was completed in 1991 as Appendix B of the 1991-1996 Michigan Recreation Plan. The three main grant programs that relate to recreation in Michigan are: - Protecting Michigan's Future Quality of Life Bond - Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund Michigan's Land Conservation Fund and Water Since 1987 there have been several recreational projects in the County that have used these programs for recreational funding. In 1987, the City of Midland received a Federal Land and E-1 �Natural Resources Trust Fund grant for acquiring land for the Sanford County Park. Water Conservation grant to construct a boat launch and river walk. In 1988, the City received a land acquisition grant through the National Resources Trust Fund for the Chippewa Lagoon property. Also in 1988, the County obtained a In 1989, the City of Midland participated in the Recreation Bond Program to renovate Plymouth Pool. TABLE 32 SUMMARY OF CRITERIA FOR PROJECT SELECTION Use of Significant Natural Resources Use of Water Resources Special Populations Proximity to Urban Population 40 30 30 20 50 Response to Proposal to Identified Recreational Needs Applicant Need for Project County and Regional Needs as Identified in the State Recreation Plan I 60 Response of Proposal to Statewide Recreation Issues 35 15 40 Capability of Applicant Performance on Past Grants Commitment to Recreation 30 10 Site and Project Quality 30 Special Initiatives of the Department 20 Financial Need of the Applicant 10 Local Match 1o TOTAL POSSIBLE MAXIMUM POINTS -I -I 220 I I I /I I I I I I I ,1 SOURCE: Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Recreation Division E-2 'I �Michigan Trails System Plan. 1980. Michigan Department of Natural Resources: The purpose of this plan is to outline programs for the development of recreational trail systems for bicycling, hiking, snowmobiling, horseback riding, off-road vehicles and cross-country skiing. Four development alternatives are presented, with no particular preference stated. The alternatives are: - The following list of recreational activities are currently adequate in Midland County: --- 1. More trails on State lands and more trails on non-State land with State support. 2. More trails on State land, no State support for non-State trails. 3. No new trails on State land, increased State spending for nonState trails. 4. Present development continued. Local park land Ballfields Outdoor basketball courts Golf courses Outdoor ice rinks Picnic areas Playgrounds Sledding hills Soccer fields Outdoor swimming pools Regionally, the area is deficient in many recreational opportunities as listed below: system --- The only direct notation of Midland County is a ma·p showing a portion of a long distance off-road vehicle trail starting in the Sanford area and continuing north into Gladwin County and beyond. Another plan that deals with trails in Michigan was published in March 1992. The Michigan Trails Initiative Plan will be important to Midland County since the County is undertaking a rails-to-trails project. This report is Appendix C of the 1991-1996 Michigan Recreation Plan. Boat launches Campgrounds Cross-country ski trails Fishing access Fishing piers Hiking trails Horseback riding trails ORV areas and trails Snowmobile trails Swimming beaches The only recreational activities adequately served in the region are nature areas, nature trails and land available for snowmobiles. The 1985-1990 Recreation Plan lists county-wide recreational deficiencies and regional deficiencies, which are the following: - Indoor ice rinks Rifle ranges Shotgun ranges Tennis courts Midland County has 41,953 acres (or 65.55 square miles) of State land - 83 acres in State boating/fishing sites and 41,867 acres in State forests. Archery ranges Bicycle trails E-3 �Transportation Plan in that duplication of services is minimized and different transportation systems are related to air travel - both passenger and cargo. Transportation Michigan State Transportation Plan. 1982-1990, 1982, Michigan Department of Transportation: This important document represents a description of the goals and policies of the State Transportation Commission for the 19821990 period. In doing so, the plan identifies transportation needs, programs, funding resources and priorities and management of resources. One policy direction of the plan of interest to Midland County, as it is to all local governments, is the emphasis on increasing the role of local government in transportation funding and service. The plan also links the roles of transportation and economic development. The plan has three parts that directly relate to the Airport System Plan. One relates to general aviation facilities, such as Jack Barstow Airport; the second is an Air Service Study and relates to commercial airports such as Tri-City International Airport; the third portion of the Plan deals with heliports. Information relating directly to the area's airports can be found in the Transportation section of this plan report. Natural Resources and Environment Michigan's Forest Resources, Direction for the Future. 1983, Michigan Department of Natural Resources: Early in Michigan's history forestry management was nonexistent. Wholesale clearing of timber resources decimated the logging economy of the area. In the years since, the national and state perspective on forestry resources has shifted from neglect to protection and management. This plan recognizes the economic value of forest resources while supporting increased management of forest lands. It should be noted that within the context of the plan, recreation is also recognized as a significant use of forested lands. The plan will not be updated until sometime between 1993 and 1995. Currently, the method in which the plan will be updated is being studied and discussed. The Michigan State Transportation Plan has several sections that have been updated or refined since 1982 - The three modal (Highway, Air, Public Transportation) investment plans are used to allocate resources to correct identified needs. The needs were identified in the 1984-1985 Michigan Highway and Non-motorized Needs Plan. In addition to these plans, an annual program is designed that lists improvements to be made on an annual basis. The Federal lntermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) of 1991 requires the Michigan Department of Transportation to prepare a state-wide transportation plan by January 1, 1995. Michigan's Oil and Gas fields. 1980. 1982, Michigan Department of Natural Resources: This inventory and statistical summary indicates that through 1980 (from 1925) Midland County had produced the second highest volume of oil production and number of oil wells of Michigan Aviation System Plan, Michigan Department of Transportation. 1990 2.QlQ: This plan relates to the State E-4 -I I -I I I I I I -I I -I I I �water and groundwater (including the Great Lakes), and trace metals in the environment. Issues ranked MediumHigh include contaminated sites, contaminated surface water sediments, generation and disposal of hazardous wastes, generation and disposal of highlevel radioactive waste, generation and disposal of low-level radioactive waste, generation and disposal of municipal and industrial solid waste, photochemical smog, and point-source discharges to surface water and groundwater (including the Great Lakes). Issues ranked Medium include accidental releases and responses, acid deposition, criteria and related air pollutants, and electromagnetic fields. any county in Michigan. New oil wells and production continues in Midland County but not at the rate of prior years. Michigan Solid Waste Policy, 1988. Michigan Department of Natural Resources: This policy describes the goals designed to decrease the State's dependence on landfills. A hierarchy of solid waste disposal has been established that is designed to promote the most cost-effective disposal alternatives first. The policy stresses waste reduction, reuse, composting, recycling and waste-to-energy projects. Any waste remaining after all of these options have been exhausted will be placed in landfills. The goals established in the policy extend to the year 2005. Regional Plans Michigan's Environment and Relative Risk: Based on the Relative Risk Analysis Project (RAAP), this report presents a ranking of relative risks of several environmental issues. Many of the issues have been and should be addressed in comprehensive land use planning and environmental and management programs. The RAAP ranked environmental issues into four levels. Issues r.anked High-High include absence of land use planning that considers resources and the integrity of ecosystems, degradation of urban environments, energy production and consumption (practices and consequences), global climate change, lack of environmental awareness, and stratospheric ozone depletion. Issues ranked High include alteration of surface water and groundwater hydrology (including the Great Lakes), atmospheric transport and deposition of air toxics, biodiversity/ habitat modification, indoor pollutants, nonpoint source discharges to surface Adjacent Counties Most plans for adjacent counties are outdated or in the process of being updated. A review of the comprehensive plans that are available did not reveal any land use conflicts. Other plans deal principally with economic development issues. The plans reviewed include: • E-5 Saginaw County Development Plan, 1970-1990 - Saginaw County's 1970 plan has not been updated. A new state prison has been built in Tittabawasee Township that will house 605 prisoners and employ 300 people. Since this township is adjacent to Midland County the prison will have a direct impact on Midland County, especially Ingersoll Township. The future expansion of the Tri-City International Airport will also effect Midland County, since the airport services Midland County, Bay �adjacent to Bay City are currently trying to encourage development. This can effect Midland County if the townships attract development that can occur in Midland County. A new 98-slip transient mooring site for pleasure boats has also been constructed in Bay County. County and Saginaw County. Tttabawasee and Richland townships have recently implemented new zoning ordinances - both townships are adjacent to Midland County. • • • Gladwin County Master Plan Gladwin County's master plan was updated in 1988. Currently the county is trying to adopt county-wide zoning - close coordination between counties will be necessary. Gladwin County has recently appointed a Parks Commission and is currently working on a recreation plan for the county. • Isabella County Comprehensive Plan (1986) - In addition to the comprehensive plan the county also has a solid waste management plan in place and a transportation study is currently underway. Future plans for Isabella County include studying the feasibility of a waste-to-energy program, cooperative planning in regards to drainage, and the construction of a county landfill (currently all solid waste is shipped out of the county). Clare County - Clare County has no master plan and an inactive planning commission. Currently the East Central Planning and Development Commission is working on a plan for the county. The county is also planning on reactivating the planning commIss1on. Clare County has a solid waste management plan that has been approved by the M.D.N.R. East Central Michigan Planning and Development Region (ECMPDR) The ECMPDR (Region 7) has completed a number of plans with some relevance to Midland County. Bicycle Plan (1982): Following a general discussion of biking as a mode of transportation, a map is included which identifies roads the Michigan Department of Natural Resources recognizes as suitable for biking. Bay County - Bay County has no comprehensive plan at this time, but several other plans exist. One of the more major plans in the county is the solid waste management plan which was completed in 1990. Currently there is one landfill in Bay County, with another scheduled to begin operations. Other facts relating to both Bay County and Saginaw County include the improvements to U.S. 10 in 1990 - since many people live in one county and work in the other, especially commuters to Dow Chemical. Many of the townships Overall Economic Development Program (OEDP) Reports (1990): In order to qualify for grant funds which may be available through the Economic Development Administration (EDA), which is a part of the U.S. Department of Commerce, potential projects must be consistent with the annual OEDP. The OEDP also describes a general development strategy which presents a historical perspective as well as future E-6 ''I I I I 'I I i I -I 'I - �• • •II directions. The only Midland County project that was listed in the 1990 OEDP was the M-20 economic development project. and utilization of the area's natural resources. Another regional plan that can affect Midland County is the Remedial Action Plan for Saginaw River and Saginaw Bay. Although the Saginaw River does not run through Midland County, any areas in the Saginaw Bay Drainage Basin are included if they are known or suspected sources of contaminates to the Saginaw River and/or Saginaw Bay. The Midland County Planning Commission has prepared and adopted development plans for County facilities and capital improvements which include: Midland County Development Plans County Facilities Master Plan - 1990 Update - This plan prescribes a planning program for County buildings and facilities. It describes the status of planning, developing and maintaining each of the County facilities in accordance with ten successive development factors. The development factors include: 1) goal setting, 3) needs assessment, 3) data analysis, 4) project evaluation, 5) building concept plans, 6) architectural drawings, 7) final project cost, 8) construction schedule, 9) secured funding and 10) preventive maintenance program. Saginaw Bay Resource Conservation and Development Area An application is on file with the USDA Soil Conservation Service to develop a five- or ten-year regional plan (15 counties) and establish the Saginaw Bay Resource and Conservation Development Area. Problems relating to agriculture, water quality, recreation, transportation and recycling are to be addressed when the plan is funded. One of the objectives of the plan will be to promote economically viable and environmentally sound agricultural, forestry and related industries in the Saginaw Bay Resource Conservation and Development Area. A second objective is that an adequate supply of quality ground and surface water is available for domestic, livestock and recreational uses. Assuring that sufficient natural resource-based recreational oppor- tunities exist is the third objective of the proposed plan. The fourth objective is to provide economic opportunities with improved and expanded recreational and commercial transportation facilities. The final objective is to increase recycling opportunities to improve conservation Preventive Maintenance Program: All County facilities will require a preventive maintenance program. Those County facilities that have completed all of the development factors above except institution of a preventive maintenance program include: - County Fairground Structures County Services Building Courthouse Festival House Horizons Building Mosquito Control Facility Pinecrest Home Road Commission Office Building and Garages - Sanford Lake County Park Maintenance Building E-7 �costs for each year for the scheduled projects include: - Sanford Lake County Park Picnic Pavilion - Sheriff's Department Emergency Services Building - Veterans Memorial County Park Picnic Pavilion - Veterans Memorial County Park Restroom Building - West Midland County Park Restroom Building 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 $8,029, 157 $6,167,264 $2,876,261 $2,670,406 $2,532,849 $2,535,971 An additional $12,000,000 in nonscheduled new building construction brings the total expected capital outlay to $36,811,908. Other Development Factors: County buildings and facilities that are still in the planning stage of development include: New building construction and debt service costs comprise the largest percentage of the six-year capital improvement costs. - Animal Control Center Improvements - Children's Center - Chippewa River Access Site Improvements - County Fairground Structures (Future) - County Jail Expansion - Courthouse Exterior Restoration - Courthouse Maintenance and Storage Shed Relocation - Emergency Operations Center - Harbour House Improvements - Linear County Park Improvements - Manitou County Park Improvements - Mental Health Out-Patient Facility - Pine Haven Recreation Area Improvements - Road Commission Office Building and Garages (Future) - Sanford Lake County Park Pavilions - Sanford Lake County Park Storage Building - Veterans Memorial County Park Picnic Pavilions Comprehensive Community Corrections Plan The Midland County Comprehensive Community Corrections Plan includes data analyses, alternative to incarceration programs, and architectural programs for the construction and operation of a County jail and a juvenile detention and treatment facility (commonly referred to as a "Children's Center"). Alternatives for additional jail capacity are prescribed, as well as the planning steps to determine the treatment and counseling programs and the number of beds for a juvenile detention and treatment facility. Solid Waste Management Plan Capital Improvements Program The Midland County Solid Waste Management Plan Update was adopted in October 1988. The Plan includes both a five-year and 20-year program for recycling, resource recovery, and disposal of 400 tons of solid waste per The 1993-1998 Capital Improvements Program includes 100 capital improvements. The projects scheduled for 1993-1998 will cost $24,811,908. The E-8 -I I 'I I I I I I I I I I I I I I �for lower income families, and promoting greater coordination between local government units when dealing with housing issues. day for the year 2007. Specific programs are described in the Solid Waste Management section of this report. Affordable Housing Study for the Outcounty Area of Midland County Midland County Strategic Plan In September 1990 the County issued a report on the Midland County Strategic Plan. The document was prepared with input from the County Board of Commissioners, elected officials and department heads. The report covers all County functions, grouped into six sections: Data Base, Financial Data, Overall County Goals, Health and Human Services Goals, Justice and Public Safety Goals, Administrative and Management Goals and Physical and Economic Development Goals. The Midland County Housing Commission completed a housing study in 1991. The plan focuses its attention on "out-county" residents, or those Midland County residents that live outside the City of Midland. 1980 and 1990 Census data are used in the plan to describe the population of the County as well as housing statistics such as the median value of housing in Midland County. A 26-question survey was also used to obtain information from area residents. The Census information and survey results were used to create profiles for each of the townships in the County as well as the City of Coleman. The target population of the plan are households earning less than $30,000 annually. According to the survey conducted, 47' percent of out-county households meet this criteria. Similar to the Midland City's Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy, an affordability matrix is used to determine rent or monthly payments that are affordable to area residents. The plan anticipates that by 1996, an additional 2,464 to 2,954 housing units will be required in Midland County. Within this range approximately 41 percent should be single-family homes, 1O percent mobile homes, 11 percent duplexes and 38 percent should be multi-family dwellings. The man objectives of the plan are to create a new position aimed at coordinating all housing assistance programs in Midland County, create more subsidized housing opportunities The Midland County Comprehensive Plan should be compatible with and reinforced by the County Strategic Plan. Cooperation should exist between the two documents. In this regard the County Board of Commissioners should coordinate the following Strategic Plan actions with the County Planning Commission: E-9 • Senior Housing Needs {A-3) by the Council on Aging. • Permanent Mental Health Facilities (A-7) by the Midland-Gladwin Community Mental Health Services. • Common Data Base/Assessment Center (A-8, A-10, A-20) by the Midland-Gladwin Community Health Services, County Health Department and Michigan Department of Social Services. �~ • River Protection Plan New Program Design and Delivery {A-23) by the Cooperative Extension Service. • Environmental Protection (A-25) by the Cooperative Extension Service. • Infrastructure Improvements (D-1) by the Economic Development and Growth Corporation. • Research Capabilities (D-2) by the Economic Development and Growth Corporation. • Local Unit Cooperation (D-3) by the Economic Deve.lopment and Growth Corporation. • Information Systems Planning (D-9) by the County Planning Department. The Midland County River Protection Plan applies a model master plan to Homer Township to demonstrate how to use and preserve the river and stream corridors in the County. In addition to the master plan model, the plan report contains a set of model zoning standards and regulations for the townships to use in applying overlay zoning techniques to preserve and protect water quality, scenic resources, recreation access, and sensitive natural environments. The report also contains a "self-help" quidebook for developing a river protection plan for other communities. Local Government Plans • Each township, the Village of Sanford and the cities of Midland and Coleman have master plans, or comprehensive plans. These plans vary widely as to detail, information provided and degree of adequacy for planning purposes. Most, however, have either stated or inferred goals upon which their plans are· based. These goals have been synthesized and stated in general terms for the purpose of establishing goals for the County. Update and Formulate Other Planning Functions (D-10) by the County Planning Department. Recreation Plan 1988 Midland County's 1988 Recreation Plan is an updated plan as required by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources for recreation and park land acquisition funding. The plan is scheduled to be updated in 1993, however, it does serve as a guide for the use and preservation of park land. The plan report contains long-range and short-range goals, recreation concepts and standards, and an implementation program of recreation development and priorities. One significant problem that exists throughout the County is a general lack of consistency in the format and content of adopted master plans. Some of the inconsistencies and deficiencies noted include: - E-10 Lack of clearly stated goals. Inconsistent methodologies to determine existing and future land use, land use and population projections, economic development projections, or other related planning elements. ',_ -I I 'I , \- 1 'I ' 'I 'I �I • •II • • • • understanding of the many communities in Midland County has been compiled. These descriptions are in the Community Facilities section of this plan report. _ Mapping differences in scale and information depicted. _ Lack of coordination with surrounding governmental units. _ Use of questionable data. _ Out-dated plans. Agricultural Goals: Although not all areas in agricultural production may be considered as prime farmland, those areas under cultivation should be maintained and protected against the intrusion of low density residential uses and public utilities. From the information available some common goals, policies or directions were evident. These were used in the formulation of the overall County land use goals in the 1987 Land Use Plan. The Midland County Planning Department completed an inventory of County, municipal and township master plans in November 1992. The inventory (fable 33) shows that many of the plans need to be either updated or completely overhauled. Many of the community's plans consist of only land use plans these communities should prepare other elements in order to develop a broader information base and understanding of the community. Conflicts: A number of the master plans recognized the value of agriculture but noted that the soils were not particularly suited for extensive agricultural use. In those instances emphasis was placed on those areas which might be identified as prime agricultural land. Residential Goals: Where public water and sewer service availability is limited or nonexistent, residential use should be limited to large lots, generally one acre or greater. Municipal Goals and Policies An inventory of each community's master plan was conducted to determine areas of consistency and to identify any conflicts. Many of the goals and policies between communities that were either specifically listed or could be inferred were similar in nature; some were duplicated in two or more townships. Higher density residential development should be limited to locations with existing adequate sewer and water systems. Future areas should be planned where utilities might be provided at a later time. A range of housing styles and types should be provided. Mobile homes accommodate the need for lower cost housing, however, more detailed regulations are needed to ensure compatibility with other housing types. For the most part, the stated or inferred goals and policies of the municipalities were relatively consistent. The conflicts that do exist appear minor and are summarized below. Conflicts: No clear conflicts are evident although a number of plans identify mobile home development as an issue to be addressed. Several Through discussions with municipal officials a more thorough description and E-11 �TABLE 33 STATUS OF COUNTY, MUNICIPAL AND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLANS: NOVEMBER 1992 11 \ YfilliWtasB: · · .· · •,<·•·•· · · "'J;;~G!JJ ,, . :!l1!:11 !l: : 1: : : x~~:: :1 :::I '}!p:P4ited : : 1 111 1!! 1 . . r:~repa!~f ;:;;.;::< ;::: > i:!:l!t:: ::::\\it:i::·;):: : :::Ill:): ••F >:: . • · . ,tS,f••J,,. •·•·-•.·.···•·. ,.... !:I;} . :.: ··•. ·•·•\.)> .•. ,;:::t· Coleman City 1972 1991 Goals, Strategies, Parks Plan, Downtown Plan, Industrial Development Plan, Land Use Plan Edenville Township 19n 1988 Goals, Objectives, Land Use Plan Geneva Township 1975 Greendale Township 1980 1988 Land Use Plan Homer Township 1980 1987 Land Use Plan Hope Township 1974 Ingersoll Township 1982 1992 Land Use Plan Jasper Township 1981 1986 Land Use Plan Jerome Township 19n 1989 Land Use Plan Larkin Township 1982 1992 Goals, Objectives, Land Use Plan Lee Township 1974 1979 Land Use Plan Lincoln Township 1974 Midland City 1972 1991 Goals, Policies, Land Use Plan, Streets and Highways Plan Midland County 1974 1993 Goals, Policies, Land Use Plan, Transportation Plan, Housing Plan, Community Facilities Plan, Economic Development, Environmental Management, Planning Coordination Midland Township 1980 1992 Goals, Policies, Land Use Plan Mills Township 1983 1991 Goals, Objectives, Land Use Plan Mt. Haley Township 1975 Land Use Plan Porter Township 1983 Land Use Plan Sanford Village 1972 Land Use Plan, Thoroughfare Plan, Recreation Plan Warren Township 1984 Land Use Plan Statement of Intent I I Statement of Intent Land Use Plan SOURCE: Midland County Planning Department; Gove Associates Survey E-12 ----------~--~ I I I I I I I I I I I �• •II • •II • • • •II • where utilities are unavailable. Where possible industrial parks should be developed or planned in areas where utilities might be expected. plans report rapid increases in the use of mobile homes on individual lots and mobile home parks. Some townships state the need for more restrictive residential zoning classifications or mobile home regulations. Conflicts: Some degree of difference in industrial development occurred between community plans. Two relatively defined approaches are evident. In the majority of cases, the plans recognize that the potential for industrial development is limited by locational factors, such as highway and rail access, and by the lack of proper utilities. Commercial Goats: Commercial development should be limited to areas provided; generally located at major intersections or along major streets. Strip shopping areas should be discouraged . Commercial establishments should be limited to those which accommodate the immediate needs of local residents. Expanded shopping opportunities are available in Midland, Mt. Pleasant, Shepherd, Coleman and Sanford. Except for these communities there is a limited market for other than local residents' needs. Other plans indicate the need for industrial development to help the local economy and strengthen the tax base. In the case of Midland Township this policy is proper given its relationship to the City of Midland. Edenville and Greendale townships appear willing to accept Mure industrial development and have outlined the conditions under which that growth should occur. Conflicts: No major conflicts are evident in the recently updated city and township plans. The City of Midland and Larkin Township have coordinated their land use planning, thus eliminating the potential conflict in their previous master plans regarding the regional shopping center and its fringe commercial development north of U.S. 10. However, problems of strip commercial development still exist in the City of Midland and many of the townships. No resolution of these differences is necessary because the plans which identify strong economic growth as a goal have well reasoned approaches towards achieving their goals. Recreational Goals: Adequate recreational areas should be provided for all residents and visitors. Many areas have extensive recreational resources that should be maintained and preserved from appropriate development. Industrial Goals: Industrial development is limited because of a lack of utility service. Light industrial uses are appropriate in some instances but heavy industrial uses should be discouraged Conflicts: No conflicts are apparent in the recreational goals. E-13 �Coleman Strategic Plan Environmental Goals: Natural areas, including forest resources, floodplains, river areas, lakes and shore lines, should be preserved from development. The use of these areas for private recreation should be encouraged as a way to preserve these resources. In July 1991 the City of Coleman completed its strategic plan under a Department of Commerce Communities in Transition grant. The plan presents strategies dealing principally with the Mure of the City, however some of these strategies have potential implications beyond Coleman in Midland County. Groundwater quality should be protected through proper utility planning and control over septic and well systems. The strategies which impact Midland County involve the following issues: Conflicts: No conflicts are apparent in the environmental goals. Regional recreational impacts from proposed rail-to-trail project. Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy - City of Midland Community Center to serve school district residents. The City of Midland completed a housing study in November 1991. The plan, which focuses on housing affordability in the City of Midland, also contains information that relates to the Midland Urban Growth Area and the County as a whole. The five-year plan projects the housing needs of the population to 1996. The needs are broken down to project the needs for various households by income levels, senior citizens, handicapped persons and homeless families and individuals. The implementation portion of the plan, or the strategies, includes methods to determine the amount of rent or mortgage that people with different income levels should be able to afford. The main objectives of the plan include creating a new position in the City that would be responsible for finding affordable housing for residents; expanding the availability of land for residential development; establishing 1,000 affordable units during the five-year period; and expanding the City's housing rehabilitation program. Cooperation between Coleman and the school system and adjacent local units of government in recreation. Development of a 40-acre industrial park in Coleman. new The County should monitor these issues in Coleman to ensure that future implementation programs by the City are compatible with the County's Comprehensive Plan. Future Land Use Composition A composite of generalized future land uses as depicted in the local plans is illustrated on the Composite Future Land Use Map (Map 8). The map portrays the general land use goals common to most municipalities. However, not all the municipalities address the same future land use categories as proposed in the updated Comprehensive Plan for the County. E-14 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I �ci GLADWIN COUNTY ~ d u: z .,__ 0 TIS RD. C er ~ --,,. I''.11"'If.: I I ~.J·.: '..," >z ::) __ .__,.I . I- _, _ -·, I I -- -.- 0 0 ~- I • . COMPOSITE FUTURE LAND USE MIDLAND CC)UNTY, MICHIGAN LEGEND I ~---~--4 . I I >4: en [IIffi RESIDENTIAL ~ COMMERCIAL ■ INDUSTRIAL § PUBLIC / CONSERVATION □ AGRICULTURAL >- I- z ::) 0 (.) PRAlRI RO. SOURCE: MUNICIPAL AND TOWNSHIP MASTER PLANS cl CZ: 25000 SAGINAW GRATIOT 37500 Gove Associates Inco 1601 Portage Street Kalamuoo, Michi1an ◄9001 C0 0 z ~ �Transportation �TRANSPORTATION The Midland County Road Commission has performed an inventory of County roads which details such information as: This section describes how transportation facilities both support the County and help shape its development. Much of the system has been built in response to growth within the County. However, in many instances the provision of a major facility has indirectly induced development. By recognizing that relationship and defining deficiencies in the system, the County can protect a major public investment and efficiently allocate future expenditures. - This 1991 inventory will help coordinate planning efforts, as well as detail areas of the County that are in need of improvements. Traffic • • •I I ■ • •I I Traffic statistics require the coordination of State, County and local transportation planning in order to assure that a complete traffic count is available and to assure that duplication of counts is minimized. An improved system of obtaining traffic counts would benefit not only the County Road Commission in determining traffic and road conditions but local and county planning efforts as well. A comprehensive look at traffic patterns could assist in the determination of the best locations for commercial and industrial uses, planning for new roads and numerous other applications. Without current and accurate traffic information sound planning decisions are difficult to make and federal aid may be affected, including the following federal aid programs: 1. 2. 3. 4. Federal Federal Federal Safety Federal Year of last surfacing Primary roads Local roads Surface types Surface condition Major Thoroughfares The County recognizes three major classifications of roads. These classifications and descriptions follow: State Trunklines: These are major routes falling under the jurisdiction of the Michigan Department of Transportation . Their primary purpose is to facilitate through traffic movements in conjunction with the state-wide highway system . Some direct land access may also be present, such as along M-20, M-18 and M-30, however, most automobile service needs are accommodated at highway interchange points. County Primary: These are routes serving longer distance trips between major points of destination within the County. Primary roads are planned to facilitate through-traffic movements but allow direct access for homes and businesses. There are presently about 289 miles of County Primary roads . Aid Urban System Aid Secondary System Aid Hazardous Elimination Aid Critical Bridge F-1 �are intended to provide functional classification. County Local: The local street system provides the travel network within the County necessary to serve populated areas. This system allows free access to homes and businesses and is designed for short to medium length trips connecting to the primary and state trunkline roads. There are presently about 580 miles of County Local roads. is called The functional classification system for roadways is used by the Federal Highway Administration and the Michigan Department of Transportation to help make decisions on where to spend limited funds. The County could use the system in a similar manner, thereby helping to protect the public investment in roadways. The system is shown on the accompanying Street and Highway Functional Classification map (Map 9). The proposed system for the City of Midland uses the national-state "urban functional classification system," which is functionally interrelated with the "rural" system. Highway and Street Functional Classification System Streets have two basic roles in the transportation system: 1) to allow through-traffic movement, and 2) to provide access to adjacent land uses. Some streets serve one role more than the other. For example, a highway is typically designed for traffic movement, while the main function of a local residential street is to provide access to homes. The functional classification system for Midland County uses criteria established by State and Federal road authorities. Since the roads lie outside an area defined as urbanized (the City of Midland), they have been designated by the State as "rural." Planning which is conscious of this hierarchy of roads helps produce an efficient transportation system and assist in decision-making. The Midland County system is based on the following criteria: The inherent problem is that those two roles often conflict, such as along certain segments of M-20. Designed to enhance long distance travel, M-20 serves travelers between Midland and areas to the west. However, as the frontage properties developed, access became an important function. Vehicles entering and exiting those uses disrupt the long distance travelers, creating periodic congestion, accidents and driver frustration. Rural Major Arterials (Example: U.S. 10) - To help limit the conflicts between traffic movement and access, the County should coordinate transportation and land use decisions. This can be facilitated by designating streets according to their functional purpose. The process of grouping roadways according to the character of service they - - F-2 Primary role is movement of traffic through the State Long length High traffic volumes and vehicle speeds Limited number of access points, minimum interference to through movement Limited number of traffic control devices I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I �_ Rural Minor Collectors (Example: Stark Road) Generally less than five percent of overall Rural System Rural Minor Arterials (Example: M-20) _ _ _ _ _ - Primary role is movement of traffic between cities Long length High traffic volumes and vehicle speeds Serve major traffic generators (industrial areas, etc.) Spaced at intervals to ensure that all developed areas are within a reasonable distance Somewhat limited number of access points which interfere with through traffic Traffic control devices (signals) favor arterial traffic Typically 10 percent of overall Rural System _ _ _ _ Local Streets (Example: the various segments of Miller Road) _ Rural Major Collectors (Example: Coleman Road) - - II • • Dual role of traffic movement and access to adjacent land uses Shorter length (typically less than 10 miles long) Low to moderate traffic volumes, moderate speeds Serve smaller communities and local traffic generators Spaced at intervals to collect traffic from local roads and transport Major Collectors and Arterials Approximately 15 percent of overall Rural System - Primary role is movement of traffic within the County Shorter than arterials Moderate traffic volumes and speed Serve traffic generators such as major schools, county parks, small towns and important agricultural areas Provide connections with arterial roads Numerous access points for adjacent development Traffic control is often through signals and/or signs Typically 10 percent of overall Rural System - F-3 Include all roads not classified under above categories Primary role is to provide access to adjacent land uses Short length Low traffic volumes and speed Provide short distance connections with higher classed roads Includes 60 percent or more of the roads in the County system �- F srRE ·,-ANo-~·-H1Gi-iWAY FUNCTIONAL CLAS IFICATION SYSTEM MIDLAN COUNTY, MICHIGAN 1 L .1.1,'t . . 7 \ 0) I I~ 0 z 1 ..a;-. _ -~- - .,i~ l I I •I 1 ><( en '• ''I L::GE~ID I. , ·I ~ i/ 1: i 7 LEGEND J FEDERAL ~D SYSTEMS 1 ' 11 FEOEilll. Mil IN'TERS1 ATE 1• ii GREEN F£!)ERII. Mil PRMlllY ~ ...E FEDER/I. >Ill SECONDARY R..-0 FEDER/I. >lll URBNI a,:._~ NOT ON FEOERM. llD SYSTEM NATIONAL l'UNCTIONAL CLASSIFIC ATION SYSTEMS RURAL ,:.,TE.RSTli.TE t/TERSTATE 0Tf£R PRINCIPII. lllTERlll.S - FREEWAY CONll!:CTll<C llNl<S - - - - - - or RURAL PRINCIPAi. ll<T!RIII. S - - - - 0Tl£R RURAL P!IINCIPAL ll<TERIM.S COtt.~CTlrfC l.:l<S Of RVR,t ,..,,OR ,f,RTERIM..S - -- OTHER CNON-COIINECTINO lNO 0Tf£R PR)lCIPII. IIITERIII.S - NOIHREf:WAY >I- - ::::, 0 0 --............ li l CONN!'.CTINC l.N<S or RURAL PRINCIPAL lllTERIII.S cowtF-cTtNc Utrl<s or RVRN. MtJOR .«ltTERtM.s OTHER <NOH-CONNECTING LMO - - - U.tl MINOR 11tTElUM.s -··-··-·· - - .,..,.,.. ...... MINOR itATERIAL STILt"ETS - • • - • • - - • • lt\.RAI. M,IJOR COLLECTORS , • 1 , 1 1 , • 1 1 1 1 COLLECTOR STitE£TS •• •••• •••••• - - - - - -· ·-------- ---· -- -·-·- - i' L. ll i - •••••••••••• z l! - AL, 0Tf£RS LOCAL STREITS .- MJft~ •OR COLLECTORS ----- - - - ·- - -· lJUltlfll?ED Nll:A BOUNDARY rmLOWl _j l n ;1 t 11 1 l 1 I I. 1 l ( ~ <( z 0 <( (/) 1 , h H ., I• j I j j -- ---- -- t: 1~u1r~.;r 1 DEP!sRTMENT OF TR.'.IJ',SPQRT"TIOfl I lI - . SCUR":E 0 6250 12500 25000 37500 --------- Gove Associates Inco · 1601 J ------------ Portage Street Kalamazoo, Micluaan -49001 �• • • • • • • •I •I •I • • • • • • Waldo Road - This project would involve improvements to the U.S. 10 interchange area to improve traffic flow. System Improvements Proposed road improvements are based on the State's traffic safety improvement program, the 1992 road millage proposal and Midland County Road Commission's Long Range Transportation Plan. The projects include: Stark Road Extension - This project will consist of extending Stark Road from U.S. 10 to M-20 Highway. Bay City Road/U.S. 10 Interchange- This project would involve reconstructing the interchange as a functional, fulldirectional interchange. State Road Improvements State Trunkline Construction - The Michigan Department of Transportation's current 10-year program has no major construction projects scheduled in Midland County. M-20, however, will undergo safety and capacity improvements between Meridian Road in Midland County and Mt. Pleasant in Isabella County in the near future. Several minor improvements are scheduled during this period, but are not expected to impact traffic flow to any great extent. Eastman Road - This project includes reconstruction and widening from the Meijer Store to Monroe Road. Related Plans and Programs Several transportation related plans and programs are also recommended, including: A Traffic Count Program to determine changing traffic patterns and help determine priorities of road improvements. Currently, complete traffic counts are performed by the County Road Commission annually throughout the County with the assistance of summer help. The Road Commission is in the process of putting this data into a computer format. At this time computer generated maps are available at the township level that include such data as the year each road was last surfaced, the classification of the roads, the surface type and the condition. The maps have been produced to assist in establishing the transportation needs of Midland County . County Road Improvements Meridian Road Connector (M-30) - This project would include a bridge over the Tittabawassee River to connect Meridian Road with M-30 Highway. Gordonville Road - This project would involve bridge construction and road improvements from Meridian Road to Poseyville Road, including improvements to Homer, Dopp and Gordonville Roads. Poseyville Road - This project includes reconstruction and widening from Nold Road to Gordonville Road. North Saginaw Road - This project involves reconstruction and widening from the Midland City limits to Stark Road . F-5 �Tittabawassee River to Isabella Road _ An updated and continuously maintained Sign Inventory Program to ensure the regulatory signs meet safety standards and are regularly maintained. Since 1987 a complete inventory of the County's signs has been performed by the Midland County Road Commission and is updated whenever a new sign is installed or an older sign is replaced or removed. (M-20). 2. Meridian Road Connector - The 1992 plan recommends connecting Meridian Road across the Tittabawassee River. 3. Gordonville Road Improvements and Pine River Crossing - The transportation plan recommends upgrading Gordonville Road to an all season truck route and constructing a bridge across the Pine River at 4 3/4 Mile Road. _ A Nonmotorized Trail Plan to improve the recreational opportunities for bicyclists, joggers, is in progress. _ Corridor studies of major commercial strip areas to identify techniques to improve traffic operations, safety, aesthetics and business vitality. The street segments which should be considered for this type of linear study include M-20 (Midland City limits to Isabella County line), Saginaw (Sanford to Dublin Road and possibly extending to Bay City Road upon agreement with the City of Midland). 4. Widen North Saginaw Road - The transportation plan recommends widening the segment of North Saginaw Road between Dublin Road and Hope Road to four lanes. Midland County Long-Range Transportation Plan The City of Midland operates a Dial-ARide bus network which provides transportation to anyone within the City limits. Regular fees for the service are $1.00 - senior citizen's, handicapped person's and children's fees are $0.50. The service does not support itself and is subsidized by the City, State and Federal governments. The annual budget to operate the service within the City is $760,000. Dial-A-Ride consists of 12 buses - seven of which are equipped with lifts to provide access for handicapped persons. The buses are operated by six full-time drivers and 14 part-time drivers. In addition to drivers, 5. Poseyville Road - The transportation plan recommends increasing the number of lanes on Poseyville Road, south of Ashby Road, to four lanes. Public Transit This plan was completed in March 1992 and includes such information as 1989 traffic counts, descriptions of transportation levels of service and five recommendations for major improvements to the County's road system. A brief description of the recommendations follows: 1. Stark Road Extension - The transportation plan recommends extending Stark Road South, from N. Saginaw Road, across the F-6 I ,1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ·1 I -, �• • • • • • • •I •I • • • • • • • • Air there are six additional employees including dispatchers, administrative and supervisory personnel. Annually over 137,000 passengers use the service. Jack Barstow Airport This facility is a general aviation airport located west of the Midland County Fairgrounds, north of U.S. 10 and west of Eastman Road. There are two paved, lighted runways. The north-south runway is 3,000 feet in length and 75 feet wide. The east-west runway, which was extended from 3,000 feet to 3,800 feet in 1987, is also 75 feet wide. This extension was accomplished with a $241,000 grant from the Federal government. Further improvements were scheduled in 1991. Taxiway rehabilitation and extension is planned and will be accomplished with the assistance of a $400,000 grant. Currently a county-wide transportation system is not being planned. If the public, the various municipalities and townships decide that a county-wide system would be beneficial and feasible, the County Planning Commission should evaluate the feasibility of such a system. Rail freight service in Midland County is provided by two carriers - CSX Railroad and Central Michigan Railway. The CSX rail system which crossed Midland County has been abandoned and is currently being developed as a "rails-totrails" project. With the Tri-City International Airport located so close to the Jack Barstow Airport no major airlines operate out of Jack Barstow. The Jack Barstow Airport is primarily used for recreational aircraft and small businesses' private aircraft. The County's two largest users of the rail system are the Dow Chemical Company and the Dow Corning Corporation. The Dow Chemic~I Company receives an average of 10,000 rail cars annually and ships out an average of 5,000 railroad cars annually. Dow Chemical does not foresee any great changes in these numbers in the immediate future. Dow Corning currently has 1,400-1,500 in-andout transactions per year and is expecting a five to six percent growth in rail service annually. When the Midland Cogeneration Venture Electric and Steam Plant was under construction deliveries were being made to the facility, but since construction is finished, and fuel to power the plant is piped in (natural gas), no rail service is required at this time. Tri-City International Airport The 3,000-acre Tri-City International Airport is located nine miles northwest of Saginaw near Freeland, Michigan. The airport serves the Saginaw area, the Midland area and Bay County. There are currently two runways located at the airport. The main runway is 8,000 feet long and 150 wide and the crosswind runway is 6,500 feet long and 150 feet wide. Two airlines, United and Northwest, operate from the airport's single gate. In addition to the two airlines, there are two commuter services, Continental Express and Skyway. There is an average of 18 commercial flights in F-7 �improvement to the airport's facilities is the addition of a third runway to be located parallel to the main runway. Any Mure improvements may require the acquisition of land adjacent to the Tri-City International Airport. and out of the airport per day. Annually there are over 6,500 commercial flights serving 468,000 passengers from TriCity's facilities. There are both shortterm and long-term parking facilities, which are operated by a separate concession, available at the airport. Private Air Facilities The annual budget for the airport is $3.2 million. This figure does not include the $1 to 2 million that is received from the Federal government. The City of Saginaw, the City of Midland and Bay County each contribute $50,000 towards the airport's annual operating budget. Dow Division - The Dow Division has private flight operations from the main Dow facilities. Annually, approximately 75 helicopter flights arrive and depart from the facility. Emergency equipment consists of portable fire fighting equipment. No navigational equipment is operated from the Dow facilities and there are no plans for expanding the facilities. The Tri-City International Airport has its own fire department that includes four crash and rescue vehicles, one emergency response vehicle and one automobile. Midland Hospital Center - A helipad is also located at the Midland Hospital Center for emergency medical services, but is currently not in use. The program was established in 1986 and conducted approximately 25 flights per year. Portable fire fighting equipment would be used for any emergencies, and the fire department is one block away. There are no current plans for expansion or continuation of use. A noise impact study was recently performed for the Tri-City International Airport. The study outlines existing noise impact on the area, and also projects impacts over the next 1O years. It is based on the Federal Aviation Administration's (FM) acceptable noise level standards. The airport's master plan is currently being approved by the FM. In 1987, $1,130,000 in grants were received for improvements made to taxiways, utilities and service roads. During the next year, 1988, $2,775,000 was received for land acquisition, the extension of runway #32, approach clearing, new lighting and new firefighting and rescue vehicles. Runway #523 was improved in 1989 with a grant for $2, 146,000. No major improvements were performed in 1990. The airport is anticipating a grant for $2,500,000 for apron improvements. The largest slated Nonmotorized Transportation Nonmotorized transportation typically includes bicycling, hiking, walking, running, cross-country skiing and horseback riding. These activities are usually accommodated on multipurpose trails where possible. Outside the City of Midland nonmotorized transportation routes are not designated. Although there are a few trails provided in the County parks, state forests and . recreation areas, there is no county-wide F-8 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ·1 �• • • •II • • • • •I • • • • • • • • system of nonmotorized transportation integrated with the recreational resources and tourist attractions of the County. Currently there is no County plan for the designation, funding and development of nonmotorized transportation corridors. Existing state programs, however, do provide for the planning and development of nonmotorized transportation services and facilities. A multicounty regional bicycle plan, which includes Midland County, does exist but it is nonspecific as to route location and development in respect to Midland County's attractions and natural resources and rights-of-way that are potentially available for the nonmotorist. Resources exist for the development of an integrated county-wide system of bicycle routes and hiking trails. The abandoned CSX Railroad right-of-way is one major resource. In addition there are state forest trails and County and local road rights-of-way that could be interconnected with the CSX Railroad right-of-way, County parks, recreational areas, state forests and tourist attractions to form an integrated county-wide nonmotorized transportation system. To provide a basis for the planning and development ·of a county-wide nonmotorized transportation system, County agencies and municipalities should avail themselves of public and private funding, including the State Natural Resources Department's Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund and Federal Land and Water Conservation Fund and the State Transportation Department's Nonmotorized Transportation Fund . F-9 �I •I •I •I I I I I I I •I I •I • Community Facilities �I I I I I I 'I I I I I I I I I I I I COMMUNITY FACILITIES sewer service available and capacities exist for serving a greater area. The City of Midland has adopted a sewer and water extension policy known as the MUGA or Midland Urban Growth Area Policy. Simply stated, the MUGA policy is that utility service will only be provided if one of two conditions occur. If a property is inside the MUGA boundary but outside the city limits, utilities will be provided if the property is annexed. If outside the MUGA boundary, utilities will only be provided to a governmental agency. The only instance in which this has happened is in the Midland County Water District No. 1. The system has a current capacity of 6.5 mgd, and is operating at 100 percent of capacity. A new facility is located adjacent to the existing wastewater treatment plant and will increase the wastewater treatment plant's optimum capacity to 1O million gallons per day with peak flow capacities of twice that amount. Based on the City's 1990 population of a per-capita capacity of 264 gallons per day, or 96,360 gallons per year, will be available once improvements to the wastewater treatment plant are complete. Peak capacities on a per-capita basis will be twice these figures. Community facilities, such as schools, parks and libraries are elements that can set one community apart from another. Other less visible elements such as utilities, waste management and governmental services also shape the character of Midland County. This section describes the wealth of community facilities in the County and how they should be maintained and planned for the future. Utilities and Services Sanitary Sewer Two municipal sanitary sewer systems are in operation in the County. The City of Coleman operates a lagoon treatment system which serves the entire city. The lagoons are located on a 40-acre site northeast of the City, south of U.S. 10. There are three lagoon cells; one nineacre primary cell and two additional cells of four acres · each which receive approximately 146,000 gallons per day. With Coleman's 1990 population of 1,237, a per-captia flow of 118 gallons per day, or 43,080 gallons per year, is the operating capacity of the lagoons. There are no industrial wastes flowing into the system. No problems have been reported in meeting treatment standards and no expansions are planned. While no expansions are currently planned the system has the capability of being expanded. Currently the sanitary sewer system is operating at 60 percent of its capacity. Water The need for potable water supplies in the County is acute because of the generally poor groundwater quality caused by brine deposits. Most areas of the County depend on groundwater for water supplies. The areas covered by public water services include the City of Midland, the City of Coleman and Midland County Water District No. 1. The second municipal sewer system is operated by and within the City of Midland. Most areas within the City have G-1 �Midland County Water District No. 1 is currently administered by the Midland County Department of Public Works. Areas served in Water District No. 1 include the Village of Sanford and portions of Lincoln and Jerome townships immediately adjacent to the Village. The Water District has a 200,000-gallon storage tank in the Village of Sanford. Annually, 100-105 million gallons of water are purchased from the Saginaw-Midland water system by the Water District and distributed throughout the District. With an estimated population of 4,027 for Water District No. 1, the percapita capacity is 70 gallons per day, or 25,453 gallons per year. Although the District is administered by Midland County, the system is owned by the three municipalities. This was arranged when the system was financed in 1969. When the bonds are paid off by the three municipalities new operational arrangements will likely occur. One possible arrangement could consist of the forming of a water authority between the three communities. While the three communities all have a part in the water system each municipality is responsible for the expansion of the system. During the 1980s, 15 miles of watermains were installed. The City of Midland's water system falls under the same extension (MUGA) policy, as the sewer. When averaged for the year, 21-25 million gallons per day are pumped through the City's water system. With the City's 1990 population of 37,819 this translates to a per-capita capacity of between 555 gallons per day and 661 gallons per day. Annually, on a per-capita basis, between 202,575 and 241,265 gallons of water is the current capacity of the system. Of the 21-25 million gallons pumped per day in Midland, between eight and nine million gallons are for domestic use. The City of Coleman's water system is supplied by two 12-inch diameter deep wells which pump an average of 180,000 gallons per day. Additionally, the City has a six-inch backup well. Watermains, which are connected to a 200,000 gallon elevated storage tank and were constructed in 1986, cover most of the City. The per-capita capacity (based on 1990 population figures) of Coleman's water system is 145 gallons per day, or 52,380 gallons per year. The volumes of waste generated within the County, from residential, commercial, industrial and special (consisting of wood, demolition and construction material, street sweepings and agricultural material) are estimated to total 597 tons per day in 1987, 622 tons per day in 1992 and 665 tons per day in the year 2007 - an 11.4 percent increase over the next 20 years. Approximately 50.9 percent of that amount is agricultural waste that will not enter the municipal Solid Waste Management Midland County has taken an active planning role in the area of solid waste management. In 1988, the Midland County Solid Waste Management Plan Update was completed. That document was developed under the requirements of Public Act 641, the Solid Waste Management Act and approved by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) in 1990. Waste Generation: The following is taken from the 1988 Solid Waste Management Plan: G-2 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I • •Ill • basis, in addition to a door-to-door pickup. There are currently seven private haulers operating within the County. waste stream. That is, agricultural wastes are not expected to be deposited at area landfills and therefore will not be a consideration in preparing for facilities to handle the County's solid wastes. The remaining wastes, including residential, commercial, industrial, wood products, construction and demolition materials and street sweepings are estimated to total 343 tons per day in 1987, 361 tons per day in 1992 and 400 tons per day in 2007. These are the wastes that will be going to solid waste disposal facilities and are the volumes that the updated plan will be concerned with. Approximately 84 percent of the wastes entering the County's waste stream are estimated to be generated in the City of Midland in 1987. By the year 2007, about 86 percent of the County's \'✓aste should come from within the City. Waste Disposal: Solid waste is disposed of in facilities within the County. Landfills: The City of Midland operates a Type II sanitary landfill, the only municipally owned and operated landfill in Midland County. Type II landfills are designed to handle nonhazardous wastes such as typical municipal household and commercial wastes. The City landfill is a 100-acre site which handles primarily residential and commercial waste. The City has acquired in excess of 160 acres for future expansion, extending the projected life of the landfill beyond the year 2020. Approximately 555,000 cubic yards of waste were handled at the City of Midland landfill in 1985/86. About twothirds of this waste is collected by the City. The City recently stopped accepting refuse from outside Midland County in order to extend the life of the landfill. Waste is accepted from all of Midland County. The landfill was licensed and approved by MDNR in the fall of 1990. Waste Collection: The only public collection service is provided by the City of Midland Department of Public Works, which collects waste from city residents, commercial businesses and small industries. Large commercial and industrial establishments in Midland County contract with private haulers for collection servic.e on an individual basis. Even Dow Chemical and Dow Corning, which operate their own hazardous waste disposal facilities, contract with private haulers for collection of office waste. Dow Chemical and Dow Corning both handle a portion of the waste generated at their plants at their respective hazardous waste landfills. Dow Chemical received an operating license for a 152acre hazardous waste landfill. In addition to hazardous waste, this facility handles approximately 3,000 cubic yards per month of solid waste, comprised primarily of noncombustible packaging and processing waste. The anticipated life of the landfill is 30 years. Most townships provide for some form of optional or contracted door-to-door pickup by private haulers. Lee and Lincoln townships provide transfer stations where residents may choose to deposit their own trash. Porter Township has arranged to have a truck parked at the Township Hall and residents may deposit their trash in the truck on a periodic G-3 �GLADWIN ---+---t- - - - ....... - ci ► a: 0 ,-- UTILITY SERVICE AREA >- f- z 0 ::::> 0 I LJ----+-+-1~~aw;-6-r-----t---1-r;:---~--- u MIDLAND COUN1Y, MICHIGAN z Cl.. <t: ::E II • •. I +--l~~+ - - - - ·- - - LEGEND ><( (Il ' ---+-- - - - • FULL UTILITY SEREVICE (WATER SUPPLY AND SANITARY SEWER) - - - - - - - MIDLAND COUNTY WATER DISTRICT N0.1 (WATER DISTRIBUTION LINES) ' " ' " " " ' " ' MIDLAND COUNTY WATER DISTRICT NO. 1 BOUNDARY AREA >fz ::::> 0 u • WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITY • 'NATER TREATMENT FACILITY I ~ ICWD MO.1 PUMP HOUSE MUGA BOUNDARY / AREA ci a: CJ SOURCE: :z: "'"'0 a: u RD. ci a: / w <( __J " '· :; :z: ~ ....►z "'~ l((N RD._ ) lC __J w 5u / r ► ...J . l/) l/) l/) ... 0 Ill l/) CD <( I ~I . (/j 0 a:: ~ 'x .:! :,: " GRATIOT C ,.. - / I ITTABAII !.SEE RO ci "'w SAGINAW COUNTY ci :r "' "' 'i: z c., "' ci a: .:! w <( 'i: _J a: ~ ...."' w ci ci a: "----._ I CITY OF MIDLAND MIDLAND CC'JNTY - .... ' <( (/) a: a: 0 0 6250 12500 25000 37500 Gove Associates IltD.Co 1601 Portage Street Kalamuoo, Michigan -49001 G-4 �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I •I • • Feasibility studies of a four-county regional facility to serve Bay, Gladwin, Isabella and Midland counties were undertaken in the past. These studies involved technical and economical evaluations of cogeneration, electricity and/or steam for Bay Medical Center, Consumers Power Company, Dow Chemical Company, Mt. Pleasant Regional Center, and General Motors using different technologies of direct combustion and refuse derived fuel processing. To date no definitive action has resulted from these studies. Dow Corning upgraded an existing hazardous waste landfill, obtaining an operating license from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. The completed facility handles about 20,000 cubic yards of waste annually. Fifteen to 20 percent of this amount is comprised of hazardous waste, and the remainder is solid waste which has been exposed to hazardous material. The facility has the capacity to handle a total of 300,000 cubic yards of waste over its anticipated 25-year life. A new landfill was opened in Bay County in 1991, but currently has no out-ofcounty agreement. The new landfill is located near Pinconning and is operated by Traxler Rubbish and Garbage Removal. The only facility in Midland County employing a limited amount of nonsolid waste resource recovery is Dow Corning's Steam and Electric Cogeneration (SECO) project. The SECO system produces steam and electricity for use in manufacturing and heating using the most economical fuel available including wood, oil, gas or coal. As recommended in the County Solid Waste Management Plan, Dow Corning may be encouraged to expand the SECO operation to accept waste paper and municipal wood waste. Transfer Facilities: There are two licensed, publicly owned, Type B transfer stations in operation in Midland County: the Lee and Lincoln township transfer facilities. Type B facilities are designed to handle primarily residential and commercial · waste from vehicles unloaded by hand. Both facilities accept primarily residential waste and are experiencing no significant operational problems. Private haulers in Midland County also use the Tri-County Transfer Station located in Gratiot County. Recycling: Recycling in the County has been expanded since 1988. The City of Midland contracts with a private hauler to operate a curbside collection system for collecting newsprint, glass, plastic, metal cans and corrugated cardboard. The City also operates a yard waste collection and compost system. A few townships have also established recycling programs. The Midland Volunteers for Recycling, Inc., a nonprofit corporation, operates a recycling center at the City of Midland landfill. Brady News & Recycling, a private business, operates a Incinerators: Dow Chemical operates two incinerators in conjunction with Dow Corning. The incinerators burn combustible packaging and processing waste and currently do not have an energy recovery capability. Resource Recovery Facilities: At present there are no solid waste resource recovery facilities in the County . G-5 �recycling center for marketable wastes. a variety should be followed. Moreover, as it is implemented, it should be carefully monitored and adjusted to take advantage of new information and technology. Table 35 provides a summary of Midland County's proposed waste management effort as delineated in the plan report. of Problems with Existing Solid Waste Facilities: Although no problems with the operation of the existing landfill or transfer facilities within Midland County have been reported, the recent closure of a number of landfills in this area is likely to increase demand for an affordable disposal facility in the proximity of Midland County. This problem has been eased with the City-Township agreements to use the City of Midland landfill for disposal of solid waste. Drains Establishment and maintenance of drainage systems is the responsibility of the Midland County Drain Commissioner. More than 1,100 drains service three main drainage basins; the Kawkawlin, Tittabawassee and Shiawassee drainage basins. The majority of work accomplished on these drain systems is related to cleaning and brush clearance. Potential problems may also exist with dumps previously located in many of the townships. Unlike current 641 landfills, most dumps were not designed to provide for groundwater and other environmental protection. The closed dumps in Midland County are listed in Table 34 and are shown on the Solid Waste Disposal Sites map (Map 11). New drains are established in accordance with the Michigan Drain Code. Actual administration is also governed by the Drain Code. Each drain is a corporation comprised of benefitting property owners. Problems with Existing Solid Waste Management Practices: In the past, a primary problem in solid waste policy and decision-making has been a lack of cooperation among the municipalities of Midland County. This situation has led to inefficiencies and a duplication of efforts in the provision of solid waste services and facilities. This problem has been eased with the City-Township agreements to use the City of Midland landfill for disposal of solid waste. Funding for the Office of the Drain Commissioner's administrative expenses comes entirely from County funds. Construction expenses come primarily from funds assessed through the individual drain corporations on a costper-acre benefit assessment. The Drain Commissioner is also represented on the Inter-County Drain Board which deals with issues and problems arising from drains affecting adjacent counties. Other Board members include representatives of the Michigan Water Resources Commission, Michigan Department of Agriculture and adjacent counties. Future Direction: The recommended future direction for the disposal and management of solid waste has been delineated in the County's approved Solid Waste Management Plan. That Plan sets forth a program of action which G-6 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I �I I TABLE 34 CLOSED DUMPS IN MIDLAND COUNTY I I I I I I I I I I I I • • • • • Dump Site Size (Acres) Comment 1 City of Coleman N.A. Disposal area is 3-5 acres 2 Warren Township N.A. Disposal area is 5-8 acres 3 Edenville Township 40 4 Hope Township 40 5 Mills Township 5 6 Lincoln Township 40 7 Jerome Township 10 8 Geneva Township N.A. 9 Greendale Township 80 10 Lee Township 40 11 Jasper Township 40 12 Porter Township N.A. 13 Mt. Haley Township 40 14 Ingersoll Township 40 15 Dow Chemical Company Poseyville Road Site N.A. Disposal area is 108 acres 16 City of Midland - Currie Site N.A. Disposal area is approx. 13 acres 17 City of Midland - Tridge Site N.A. Disposal area is approx. 6 acres 18 Dow Chemical Company Rockwell Dr., Bay Co. Site N.A. Disposal area is approx. 1O acres Also discontinued transfer station Now used as a transfer station Disposal area is 3-5 acres Now used as a transfer station Disposal area is 3-5 acres N.A. denotes size not available SOURCE: Midland County Solid Waste Management Plan, October 1988 G-7 �I I I I I I I I I • • , ----i--- ---I GLADWIN 1 ~ ! I ' cQRTtS ... . ~ • I ::: I J------'2t-.-=it!~-~~f-T-~---:--1-.a-_-'-. ---i • t :·,; 0 '--r~- .• I I ---r-- t >Iz ::, (.) SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SITES MIDLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN I : I I I --t--ft~-il-~-'---~---~... I I , lll'l.~t--+-:-~~...,--4:-,_..:.a:.,;......;_.....:.a.:•, : .:, I I I I -r-; ~,. . ,-,-- 0 z ~ ::.~,- ..-I - - .. ·. -· . ": : ~-:-.t--=---,,.,.~~"--4': .--;:-. - t:" ---- , ~ ., . _,:' ···•-..:i ...... _. LEGEND !\ ~ ><( (Il ACTIVE SITES CITY OF MIDLAND LANDFILL G) 1 LOCATION: 4311 EAST ASHMAN , I , DOW CHEMICAL LANDFILL LOCATION: NE½SECTION 25 Ir- ~_ J___ i___ ~- _::_:·- _ W!\CXE!!l!_ !I - Tc:.,iiil al,· ...... ·1 i '.... DOW CORNING LANDFILL LOCATION: 3901 SOUTH SAGINAW I I .. I I i I ·-r- i ·-! - L~-~---·· ~I I HUCICl -------0 =-= - r >z I- .... ::, 0 I I . (.) /1 =- ,J // ---+--;-- . • / ~ IA\ -t- --t-----,.-l--Jll..s.clli.~-~-1----lr:;::71::;-ca--~"""' -..---I • d 'i: -- 6 ci ~ I a: a: § RT " LEE TOWNSHIP TRANSFER STATION LOCATION: E 1/2, NE 1/4SECTION 21 LINCOLN TOWNSHIP TRANSFER STATIO LOCATION: SE 1/4, NE 1/-iSECTION 22 CLOSED DUMP SITES 18. (FORMER ACT 87 SITES> SEE TABLE 34, PG G-7 FOR SOURCE: MIDLAND COUNTY SOLID MANAGEMENT PLAN ci a: C) z "'"'0 a: 3: LJ ' <( --------- --~--~~~=.llflJ-..lW.--+~---1---B:~~~~~-+-J..4--J ..."' z I 'i: I <( _J ► IC ~ ~ t - - - - - t - ~ - - t -........." " " t - ' - ~ rr "' ci a: ...,:l "'"'"' "' J: d § <[ IO ci a: ~ (/) ~ "' ,.. SAGINAW .I GRATIOT ROAD ~ --- g --. I'-...../ ' a: a: 0 LISTING WASTE MIDLAND COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT <3 <( (/1 0 6250 12500 25000 37500 Gove Associates Kltllco 1601 Porta.ge · Street Kalama.zoo, Michi1an ◄ 9001 . G-8 �I TABLE 35 I SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT LONG-RANGE OBJECTIVES I I I. Develop a second county landfill site if the City of Midland landfill or a private landfill is not available for long-term use I I II. Identify alternate landfill sites in Midland County Ill. Investigate the feasibility of financial incentives for source separation of recyclable materials at the home and landfill site o.e., variable fee structure for separation of paper, glass, metals, etc.) IV. Support an economically sound rural collection program in conformance with an adopted county-wide regional disposal plan V. Expand and support voluntary efforts which will encourage the formal and institutionalized use of other feasible non-landfilling alternate solid waste systems VII. Encourage appropriate and cost-effective local, state and federal legislation to provide incentives for source separation, recycling and packaging practices · VIII. Endorse feasibility long-range regional resource recovery /recycling/disposal plans IX. Assign within the county the responsibility of overseeing the implementation of the adopted Solid Waste Management Plan (in conjunction with shortrange Objective X) X. Completely update the Solid Waste Management Plan every five years I I I I I I I I I I I • • SOURCE: Midland County Solid Waste Management Plan, October 1988 G-9 �Existing County Park Facilities and Activities Recreation Recreation is an essential element in the make-up of any community. As more leisure time becomes available to Midland County residents the demand for additional recreational opportunities will increase. The County Comprehensive Plan may be used as a guide for providing these opportunities. Further information may be found in the County Recreation Plan, 1988. The following table presents information pertaining to County owned and/or administered parks. Existing County and municipal major parks and recreation areas are listed in Table 36 and Map 12. TABLE 36 COUNTY OWNED AND/OR ADMINISTERED PARKS Name Acreage Sanford Lake Park 90 Boat launch, concessions, picnic areas, picnic shelter, playground, swimming, fishing, ice skating, crosscounty skiing, restrooms Black Creek Campground 38 Rustic campsites, fishing access I I 130 Canoe launch, nature trails, picnic areas, picnic shelters, playground, fishing, restrooms, hiking I 28 Ballfields, playground, restrooms, multi-purpose basketball court Pine Haven Recreation Area 320 Hiking, cross-country skiing, portable restroom facilities Chippewa River Access Site 20 Veterans Memorial Park West Midland County Park Activities /Facilities Canoe Launch Manitou Park {220 Acres Planned) 154 Picnic area, canoe launch, fishing, hiking, {future proposed activities: swimming, cross-country skiing, sledding, camping) Pere Marquette Rail-Trail of Midland 402 Hiking, bicycling, pedestrian activities TOTAL 1,182 SOURCE: Midland County Parks and Recreation Department G-10 I I I I I I I I �• -----1- . - -.. _ -- GLADWIN g g , a: :: e!l~ir,r..,,:o, I I I O I I I I ,: '' , ... ::, VI I -·-j-• I ··.: ! I ··-1 · --1--~,--.,,._ I - 1\<t I .... • ! ~---·--:.... ! UNC9LN - - -~. I Ml I . g ····..j •--;_ - . J - ~- I . - 1 ' .. '1 JJ_ •-_,Cl.lllol.j~...i..--1---- .....· - - - LEGEND ( ____,__+-.._--l 7 - 1 ~,' --- ><( "\RO, ", en t - - - '-'..e~--A_,._ l'\ .... -":1·I \_,,_ 4-''--r---tVI ISH RO. • ' ..;..,.....;;ito-~-...,,..--...-'-=.;.;.:;."""'=----d z :) 0 -.- ?RAIRI 1----+----➔ - - 'I ~ •• : - u 'I ,......' ~ RO. ___ .,__.I __ c:i ..,a:z I V, VI 0 JASPER .-•·· .' • ' •• • SHEPHER RO. I- 1----+---+------+---+ · ci a: w d a: :; fl z <( _j _j w 0 a: u . <( .... I z r VI .:i cc ....z► ~ V, VI ... 0 0 u CD <( ([ VI or- (/) ITTABAW ,. .I tD C f ,. . NTY SAGINAW c:i a: a: .., ► ::, GRATIOT 3:: VI _/ I °SEE RO COUNTY c:i cc er --.. ,---- I '\ Cit 0 •-------• COUNTY COUNTY LINEAR PARK PARKS SANFORD LAKE PARK VETERANS MEMORIAL PARK PINE HAVEN RECREATION AREA 4 WEST MIDLAND COUNTY PARK 5 BLACK CREEK CAMPGROUND 6 MILLS TOWNSHIP BALL DIAMONDS 7 COLEMAN SCHOOLS BALL DIAMONDS 8 PORTER TOWNSHIP BALL DIAMONDS 9 HOMER TOWNSHIP PARK iO LEE TOWNSHIP PARK 11 LARKIN TOWNSHIP PARK 12 COLEMAN CITY PARK 13 SANFORD VILLAGE PARK 14 CITY OF MIDLAND - PINE RIVER SITE 15 WHITING OVERLOOK PARK 16 RIVER B!::ND PARK '.7 MIDLAND CITY FOREST ~8 BARSTOW WOODS 19 CENTRAL PARK ~O CHIP PEW AS SEE PARK ::1 Dt.ERSCtl PARK 2 2 PLYMOUTH PARK '23 ASHMAN DIAMONDS 24 MANITOU PARK :_5 CHIPPEWA NATURE CENTER 26 FLATS CAMPGROUND '27 GREE/'l'S LANDING AND BAITS ::.s T-K'S BOAT LAUNCH '29 MIDLAND COUNTY FAIRGROUNDS ::o M-K RIDING ST ABLE 31 WEST MIDLAND FAMILY CENTER 32 CHIPPEWA VALLEY CANOE LIVERY Sc CAMPGROUND 33 STRATFORD WOODS PARK .34 WEST COLEMAN ROAD PARK 35 MARY STREET PARK SOURCE : MIDLAND COUNTY 2 3 ' >r- - __ ~ a: -~--!\ ~ I: ;::~ z a ..,a: .~·...····,/·. !. ~I.._ I, i--....L:----+---=-..+-~kl.....:-~~~~~---~· ~ ' . "-~:_t.~--1 .. • ~.. 0 c:i t,,,~illll~P"+~~t'--:----:l:-:::".~'-:T---+~--~---~' •• I u ci PARKS / RECREATION AREAS MIDLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN I I . ~ --,.,·~ I--...J--~--r-+-1---:-=11:1t.1:F._-t,,g-'--+---t,-r.---~ --- ~~:::;:~;:1;~~-r:-~r-.-r.::,---, ro~\l z :::J 0 ... .. .., ---i ---i - · >- 1- 'R-T-!S-RO....-\'!15_-; ·,: CURTIS 1 R I ' c:i • • • • •II ► Cit <3 <( Vl ~ 0 6250 12500 37500 25000 a, ;;; cc l: (J u, Gove .L~ssociaites 1601 Inc . Portage Street Kalamuoo, Michigan -119001 G-11 �• • • •II system, gain the support of the riverfront property owners for increased recreational use and protective measures of the river, and develop a prioritized action program. This program would help protect 95 miles of major rivers in the County. Midland County-owned parks front on three miles of these rivers. The City of Midland has about seven miles of rivers and major streams. City parks and the Chippewa Nature Center preserve also front on these rivers. River protection zoning by the townships would help augment current river corridor preservation efforts. Municipal/Township Parks Many of the communities in Midland County maintain separate parks in order to provide adequate recreational facilities to area residents. Of the 16 townships in Midland County eight maintain parks. Three townships - Hope, Homer and Midland - each maintain two parks. The City of Midland has an extensive park system and has over 1,000 acres (many undeveloped) set aside for recreational purposes. The City of Coleman maintains five parks and the Village of Sanford maintains one park. Table 37 lists most of the parks, their acreages, and the facilities currently available at each of the facilities. River and Stream Corridor Preservation In conjunction with the Midland County Planning Commission, municipalities and townships, the County Parks and Recreation Commission is promoting the preservation of river and stream corridors in the County. This is being done by promoting a model master plan element and a set of zoning standards and regulations for use by the municipalities and townships. In addition to preserving resources for recreation, the preservation project is intended to improve water quality, provide for increased recreational utilization of the water, create a linked system of the river corridors with other recreational facilities, stimulate public interest in protecting the natural environment and scenic beauty of the rivers, protect sensitive environmental areas and wildlife habitat, minimize flooding, improve safety of recreational river users, develop a multijurisdictional watershed management administration G-12 �TABLE 37 TOWNSHIP /VILLAGE/CITY OWNED AND/ OR ADMINISTERED PARKS ·;:•,:·•.;:: :::::;.,•. J ·:::::::: Naffie J'> .;: <:'i)\?·/ . ,•,•.· ·-·.-:-:- - .:_.: .. ·.·:: ::;: Acreage _/:·-,· ..'.?:::::. •·· ·:: /,:.·•· . Actlvities/FacHities .. Mills Township Park 160 (5 acres developed) Ball Diamonds Hope Township Park 1 Ball Diamond 66 (25 acres developed) Ball Diamonds, Pavilion, Picnic Area, Playground, Nature Trail Edenville Township Park 3 Ball Diamond, Pavilion, Picnic Area, Playground Lincoln Township Park 1 Ball Diamond, Soccer Field Larkin Township Park 40 Ball Diamonds, Picnic Area Whiting Overlook Park (Midland Twp.) 15 Playground, Bird Watching Bob Moe Park (Midland Twp.) 5 Ball Diamonds Homer Township Park 12 Ball Diamonds, Pavilion, Picnic Area, Playground, Restrooms Windover Park (Homer Twp.) 7 Ball Diamond Woodside Park (Hope Twp.) Lee Township Park 80 (5 acres developed) /. Ball Diamonds, Pavilion, Picnic Area, Soccer Field Adams Street Park (Coleman) 5 Little League, 2 Tennis Courts, Pavilion, Picnic Area, Playground, Restrooms, Camper Hook-Ups, Parking Jackson Street Park (Coleman) 2 Lighted Ball Diamond, Concession Stand Lions (Coleman) 1 Basketball Court, Forest Mary Street Park (Coleman) 1 Undeveloped Future Park (Coleman) 11 Undeveloped - recently acquired land Sanford Park (Sanford Village) 10 Ball Diamonds, Boat Launch, Pavilion, Picnic Area, Basketball Court, Playground Riverbend Park (Midland) 1 Pine River Site (Midland) 560 Undeveloped Midland City Forest (Midland) 520 Skating, Camping, Concession Stand, Hiking, Snowmobile, Cross-Country Skiing, Archery, Tobaggoning Stratford Woods (Midland) City of Midland Parks 50 1,050 Total Boat Launch, Picnic Area, Fishing Concession Stand, Hiking, Nature Trail, Picnic Area, Swimming, Playground Various neighborhood and City-wide parks 2,601 SOURCE: Midland County Recreation Plan, 1988; Gove Associates Inc. G-13 : �•· • • • • • residents. A survey conducted in 1980 revealed that County residents wanted to see parks developed that meet these desires. Future County Park and Recreation Needs The adopted Midland County River Corridor Study proposed a standard of 1O acres per 1,000 persons as a spaceneed for County parks. Accordingly, using the population projections developed for the County Comprehensive Plan, the following needs and deficiencies may be expected (Table 38) . Accordingly, it appears that with one exception the general desires of County residents are being met. This assumes that Manitou Park and Pere Marquette Rail-Trail will continue to be developed with their proposed activities. TABLE 38 COUNTY RECREATIONAL ACREAGE NEEDS* Year 1990 Existing Acreage 1,182 Acres Required Deficiency 756 0 1995 867 0 2000 912 0 2005 959 0 2010 1,007 0 2015 1,057 0 *Note: Reflects County-based acreage needs and deficiencies. The information does not include local municipal need. SOURCE: Midland County Parks & Recreation Plan; National Recreation and Parks Association The acquisition of the linear park acres for the Pere Marquette Rail-Trail has eliminated the expected deficiency of future County park land. One activity not addressed in the County's recreation needs is fishing. Recently the Tittabawassee River has been recognized as an excellent walleye, pike, steelhead and salmon fishing area. This activity may also result in increased tourism. As the table indicates, the County has provided adequate recreational space for its expected population. Another important aspect of recreational needs is whether or not the range of recreational activities provided is meeting the desires and expectations of County As identified in the County River Corridor Study and the 1988 County Recreation Plan, abandoned railroad rights-of-way should be evaluated for possible reuse as linear parks. The Midland County G-14 �Isabella County/Clare County line. Toe cities of Coleman and Midland and the Village of Sanford would be responsible for development of the right-of-way within the City and Village limits and the County would have responsibility for development outside the City and Village limits. Planning and development of the right-of-way should be coordinated. Parks and Recreation Commission has acquired and is now developing the abandoned CSX Railroad right-of-way. The Midland Foundation has purchased the right-of-way within the City limits for recreational use. The right-of-way extends from the 47 Building of the Michigan Division of the Dow Chemical Company northwesterly to the TABLE 39 COUNTY RESIDENTS' RECREATIONAL NEEDS Parks that Preserve Nature 87 Veterans, Pine Haven, Manitou Parks with Picnicking and/or Backup 79 Sanford Lake, Veterans, Manitou, Pine Haven Parks with Swimming 70 Sanford Lake, Manitou (Mure) Parks with Many Activities 74 Sanford Lake, Veterans, Manitou (future) Parks with Ballfields, Tennis Courts, Playgrounds 70 Sanford Lake, Veterans, West Midland Historical Areas with Programs 69 Parks with Swimming and/or Boating 54 SOURCE: 1980 Summary Report Recreation Survey G-15 Sanford Lake, Veterans, (Canoeing only) Manitou (canoeing currently, swimming proposed) �• • • • • • ■ Public and Quasi-Public Facilities ■ county Government Services ■ ■ Board of Commissioners County Clerk Computer Information Systems Controller/Administrator Cooperative Extension Service County Parks & Recreation Department of Public Works Drain Commissioner Emergency Services Equalization Finance Gypsy Moth Suppression Health Department Housing Commission Personnel Office Planning Register of Deeds Treasurer Veterans Service Office Midland County Courthouse: The County Courthouse, located at 301 West Main Street in Midland, was constructed in 1925 with building additions in 1958 and 1979. The interior of the Courthouse has recently undergone a complete renovation. All three floors of the building have been restored. This includes office and lobby space, as well as mechanical spaces and equipment. Since the building is on the State and National Registers of Historic Places extra care was taken to assure that the historic significance of the building was not diminished by the restoration. Housed in the Courthouse are the following departments: ■ ■ Other County Departments are located as follows: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Adult Probation ■ 42nd Circuit Court ■ County Jail ■ 75th District Court ■ Friend of the Court ■ Clerk of the Court ■ Probate Court ■ Probate Juvenile ■ Prosecuting Attorney ■ Sheritrs Department/City of Midland Police Department - Animal Control Center 4271 E. Ashman Street Midland, Michigan - Road Commission 4509 N. Saginaw Road Midland, Michigan - Mosquito Control 2180 N. Meridian Sanford, Michigan Midland County Services Building: The County Services Building is located at 220 West Ellsworth in Midland. The new four-story building was ready for occupancy in December of 1989, and was built to relieve crowding in the County Courthouse and consolidate County services. The fourth floor of the building is currently unoccupied but scheduled to be in use by 1993. The following departments are located in this building: _ Mental Health 2620 W. Sugnet Midland, Michigan _ Fair Board 1719 Eastman Midland, Michigan Some of these departments require special site considerations, such as the Animal Control Center, Road Commission, Mosquito Control, Mental Health G-16 �FIGURE 11 and Fairgrounds, but most others benefit from a central location for administrative functions. MUNICIPALITIES CltyNillageLJownship Halls Locations of the various city, village and township halls are identified on the Community Facilities map. It should be noted that in a number of township locations the seat of government is housed jointly with the fire department. The City of Midland completed a new City Hall in 1989 in the downtown area near the old Courthouse, adjacent to the new County office facility. In 1990 Midland Township built a new administration building. HOPE GENEVA MIU.S .EROME GREENDALE PORlER = INGERSCU. Township and Municipal Descriptions The supervisors and planning commissioners of the 16 townships in Midland County were contacted, as well as City and Village officials, to discover facts that relate to the individual townships and municipalities. Information relating to the area's buildings, roads, park systems, water and sewer systems, current problems and future plans were gathered as well as any other points that would relate to the County's Comprehenhensive Plan. While many of the communities share similar problems and goals, each is a unique area that has conditions specific to the individual municipalities. Figure 11 shows the general locations of the municipalities in Midland County. SOURCE: Gove Associates Inc. County. The Township has a Township Hall and a fire hall located on one acre of land on East Schaerer Road. Both were built in the 1970s and adequately serve the Township's current needs. The Township owns the Mills Township Community Center which is currently leased to two separate groups. In addition to buildings, the Township also maintains a Township park. The park, located on 160 acres of land, is owned by the Township and has five acres of land developed for recreational activities. The remaining acreage is public open space. The Township's maintenance building is located in the park. Mills Township located in the northeast corner of Midland County, owns and operates more community facilities than many of the rural townships in the The businesses and residents of Mills Township all have individual sources of water and sewage disposal since the Township has no consolidated water supply system or sanitary sewer system. G-17 �• • • • • • Between 1987 and 1991, four to five miles of roads were improved. Improvements include improved ditching for drainage, filling of potholes and a limited amount of blacktopping. The Township maintains 25 miles of road. Since 1987 over four miles of the Township's roads have been resurfaced . Annually, the Township resurfaces between one and two miles of road within the Township . The Township's Planning Commission has adopted an updated community master plan. One of the issues currently facing the Planning Commission involves lots that contain more than one housing unit. By having multiple units on single lots, overloading of the sites· water supplies and septic systems can occur. Methods to monitor and control such situations need to be developed. Like most townships in Midland County, sewage disposal and potable water are dealt with on an individual basis since the Township has no consolidated water supply system or sanitary sewer system. The Planning Commission is currently updating the Township's master plan. Future development goals have not yet been established but the prospect is that Hope Township will remain a rural area with mostly residential and agricultural land uses. Development goals for the community include encouraging the development of quality low- and moderate-income housing - especially for the senior citizens that reside in the Township. Once the master plan is completed a more established set of development goals for the Township will be available. Edenville Township is located in the northern portion of Midland County with Hope Township to the east and Warren Township to the west. Edenville's Township Hall was renovated in the 1980s and the fire hall was built in 1977. The Township also owns and maintains a park, which is two to three acres in size and has a pavilion, picnic tables, ballfield and playground. Hope Township is located west of Mills Township on the northern border of the County. The Township operates two buildings - the Township Hall and the fire hall built ir:, 1970. The Township has one small park - Hope Park - located on an old school lot with one ball diamond, and is currently developing a new park Woodside Park - which should be operational prior to the completion of this Plan. The new park will have four softball diamonds, a pavilion, picnic tables, a playground and a nature trail. The park, nature trails and land for future expansion of the cemetery are located on 66 acres. The developed area of the park will occupy 25 acres. The businesses and residents of Edenville Township depend on individual septic tanks for sewage disposal and wells for potable water. At the time of this Plan's updating, the Township was waiting on cost estimates for the 1991 road improvements. Most of the roads is the Township (80-85%) are hard surfaced. Problems currently facing Edenville Township include road conditions, junk in G-18 �The master plan is currently being updated and the zoning ordinance was recently updated. The Township is also working on an ordinance that will be designed to control blight in the area. A recycling program is planned for the Mure. The area's industrial site has recently been expanded, but future plans do not include any major development in the Township. residential areas, weed control in Sanford Lake, assessment disputes and how to effectively and efficiently deal with solid waste. In many areas of the Township water quality is also an issue. The Township's master plan, updated in 1988, is in need of further updating to address the problems currently facing the Township and to address future plans, such as rezoning some areas of the Township to better address mobile homes. Future plans will probably also address water quality. Several past attempts have been made to improve water quality but financing has always been the deciding factor. City of Coleman is located entirely within Warren Township. The City has seven full-time employees; a two-person police force; three work in the City's Department of Public Works, in addition to the City's Treasurer and Clerk. Coleman's City Hall, which is located on the corner of Railway Street and Fifth Street, is a renovated auto dealership. The City Hall houses the Council chambers, the Mayor's office, the Police Department, office space and storage. The City also owns and operates a building for the Department of Public Works. The Coleman Community Fire Department is housed in a new building located at 413 E. Railway Street. The building, and the department, are jointly operated by Coleman, Warren, Geneva, Wise and Denver townships. Warren Township is located in the northwest corner of Midland County. The Township Hall was built in the 1940s. The only other building owned, operated and maintained by the Township is the cemetery chapel which was recently upgraded. No parks are operated by the Township. In 1990 nearly five miles of roads were improved, and the Township is planning on improving many of the County line roads in 1991. Like most of the townships in Midland County, Warren Township depends on septic tanks for sewage disposal and individual wells for sources of water. The City provides its residents with both water and sewage disposal. Coleman owns and operates several parks. The largest existing park in the City is Adams Street Park. This five-acre park consists of a Little League Field, two tennis courts, a picnic shelter, a picnic area, playground equipment, restrooms, parking and electrical hookup capabilities for up to six campers. The two-acre Jackson Street Park consists of one lighted softball field and a concession Some of the problems currently facing the Township include discarded material in and around residential areas, road conditions and housing. The housing problems relate to the lack of quality, affordable housing and the lack of housing for senior citizens. G-19 I I I I I �• • • • include deteriorated road and bridge conditions, and discarded materials in residential areas. stand. The one-acre Lion's Park contains a basketball court and a small forested area. Mary Street Park is also one acre in size and has not yet been developed. Land to develop a new park (11 acres) has recently been acquired by the City. The Planning Commission has recently attended several planning seminars and would like to develop a master plan. They have recently developed a rental code. The City Planning Commission has adopted a comprehensive master plan. Some of the City's future plans include improving the exterior of the City Hall and improving the City's parks, in addition to improving the downtown for businesses and services. Industrial and residential developments are also addressed in the master plan. Jerome Township is directly east of Geneva Township with the Village of Sanford located within the Township. The Township has a Township Hall and two fire stations - one built in 1972 and one built in 1978. In 1990, two miles of roads were improved with several sections slated for improvement in 1991. In addition to road improvements, 1. 5 miles of watermains were installed in 1990 with 3.5 miles scheduled for 1991. While most of the Township is serviced with water, septic tanks are used for sewage disposal. The Township maintains no parks, but five County parks are located within the Township. Road improvements within the City are performed by the Department of Public Works and financed through a 5-mill tax levy. Geneva Township is south of Warren Township on the western edge of the County. The Township Hall, which is the only buildlng or facility operated by the Township, is a converted school building built in the 1920s. Current issues in Jerome Township include the need for a sewage system and the proposed County rails-to-trails park system. Many residents are concerned that a linear park such as the rails-to-trails system crossing through the Township would be difficult to maintain and police. Other concerns about the trail system include excessive noise created by snowmobilers and trail users trespassing on properties adjacent to the trail system. An average of two miles of road improvements are performed annually only 25 percent of the roads in the Township are paved. Similar to other rural townships in Midland County, Geneva Township depends on septic tanks for sewage disposal and individual wells for a source of water. The Township's land is mostly devoted to residential and agricultural uses. No growth has occurred in the past five years and the Township has no industry. Problems currently facing the Township The Township has a number of future plans. In the immediate future is the reorganization of the water system that will be jointly owned and operated by G-20 �and improve the roadways and drainage. One of the Village's problems include lack of sewers. Jerome Township, Lincoln Township and Sanford. Also, the Township is planning on having the entire Township covered with water service. Lincoln Township is located east of Jerome Township with a Township Hall that is located in a renovated school building and a fire hall that is in a converted school building. The Township maintains a one-acre park that has a ball diamond and a soccer field. Nearly all of the Township's roads (95%) are hard surfaced. In 1990 and 1991, 1.5 miles of roads were improved each year. Water is provided to 50 percent of the population and encompasses 20 percent of the Township area. Similar to Jerome Township, sewage in Lincoln Township is disposed of in septic tanks. In 1992 and 1993 the Township is planning on improving Saginaw Road, and within five years the Township wants all of its roads to be paved. The Township has no comprehensive master plan but has adopted an updated land use plan map and is currently updating its zoning ordinance. Village of Sanford is located within Jerome Township with Lincoln Township bordering the Village's eastern boundary. No full-time employees work for the Village and no buildings are owned or operated by the Village. Space is rented from the Chamber of Commerce for public meetings and other Village functions. The Township is currently using a bond to expand its water system to other areas within the Township. Another goal is to maintain and improve the existing roads. The Village is within Midland County Water District No. 1 with 100 percent coverage. While the Village is serviced with water, sewage disposal is still provided by individual septic tanks. Larkin Township is on the east side of Midland County, directly north of the City of Midland. The Township owns and operates three buildings - the Township Hall, the fire hall and a concession stand in the park. Larkin Township Park is located on 40 acres of land with six ball diamonds and a picnic area and is planning the addition of a pavilion. Over 95 percent of the Village's streets are hard surface. In 1991, 9.5 miles of roads were slated for improvement. The Village maintains a 10-acre park. The park consists of three ball diamonds, a boat launch, a pavilion, picnic tables, a basketball court and play equipment. A County operated park is also located within the Village. The Township has a broad range of housing with prices ranging between $20,000 and $330,000. The Township has a good road system in good repair. Annually, three miles of roads are resurfaced in the Township. In 1989 all of the residential subdivisions were resurfaced. While Larkin Township differs from many of the County's rural The Village was planning on starting a master plan in 1991. Some of the Village's current goals are to maintain G-21 I 1 l I l I l �townships it shares similarities - there is no water system and no sanitary sewer system. The northern two-thirds of the Township is generally rural in nature while the southern one-third is included in the Midland Urban Area Growth Plan. Larkin Township is working closely with the City of Midland to develop the area into a more urban area that will contain a variety of land uses such as residential, commercial and light industry. The commercial area will be concentrated along Eastman Road. land overlooking Dow Pond with a playground and is an excellent area for bird watching; Bob Moe Park has facilities that include two ballfields. Larkin Township updated its master plan in 1992. The Township land use plan is functionally coordinated with the City of Midland land use plan. Issues currently facing the Township include providing quality low-cost housing, controlling commercial growth, and preparing the roads for any additional traffic from commercial growth and annexation. .The City of Midland will only annex land if property owners are willing to be annexed - Midland will not force annexation in Larkin Township. City of Midland is located on the east The main problems currently facing the Township are the lack of sanitary sewer and water systems. Future plans include developing water and sewer systems and the development of a 39-acre park adjacent to the new Administration Building. Midland Township's master plan was last updated in 1992. side of Midland County and is bordered by Midland, Larkin, Homer, Ingersoll and Williams townships in Bay County. Midland is the center for all of the County's manufacturing, commercial, educational, business and government activities and is further developed than any other area in the County. The population of Midland County is also centered around Midland with 50.0 percent of the County's residents living in Midland. With the large population base centered in or around Midland, the City offers a higher level of services to its residents than is possible for other areas in the County. In addition to providing recreation services and a dial-a-ride transit system for its residents, the City maintains an infrastructure which includes a street system, a community water system and a sanitary sewer system. Midland has several parks that offer the residents a variety of recreational opportunities. Total acreage for the City's parks is over 1,000 acres - many of which are currently undeveloped. Midland Township is actually three separate areas, divided by the City of Midland. . Unlike any of the other townships in the County, Midland Township has a police force that consists of three officers while most of the County's townships do not employ any full-time employees. In 1990, Midland Township opened a new Township Administration Building. There are two fire stations - one built in 1952 with the auxiliary station built in 1968. Nearly all of the Township's roads are hardsurfaced and an average of two miles of roads are annually improved. Midland Township maintains two parks: Whiting Overlook Park is located on 15 acres of In order to maintain the existing services and facilities the City has a work force of G-22 �improvements drainage. 453 employees - 354 full-time and 98 part-time. Included in the total figure is a police force consisting of 47 officers, detectives and supervisors. The City's fire department also consists of 47 employees which includes firefighters, inspectors, vehicle operators and supervisors. are targeted towards Problems facing the Township include the lack of protection from annexation by Midland and poor water quality. Homer Township is also in need of a new zoning ordinance. The last one was voted down. At this time, the Planning Commission is working on a new zoning ordinance and feels the 1987 master plan needs to be updated. The City Planning Commission adopted an updated land use plan and a streets and highway plan in 1991. The basic changes to the City's master plan include accommodation of new growth on the periphery of the City, primarily in the northern and northwestern areas. Future plans for Homer Township include installing a water system throughout the Township, if approved by the Township residents, and developing a sanitary sewer system in a large portion of the Township. Recently a 20-acre site was purchased to use as a test well. Future plans include the construction of a new Township Hall and the development of additional park space. Homer Township is located west of the City of Midland and Midland Township. The Township employs two full-time and two part-time Department of Public Works personnel. The Township Hall is located in a converted school building. The Township has two fire stations both built in the 1960s with an auxiliary station built in 1986. In addition to the Township Hall and the fire stations, Homer Township also operates a maintenance building built in 1962. Lee Township is located west of Homer Township with one full-time employee - a caretaker. The Township Hall was built in 1930 with the fire hall built in 1981. An average of two miles of roads are improved annually and 75 percent of the roads in the Township are hard-surfaced. The five-acre Township park is located on an 80-acre site with a pavilion, two softball fields, one soccer field and a picnic area. The Township has two parks: Homer Township Park occupying 12 acres of land with four softball diamonds, one baseball diamond, playground equipment, a picnic area and a pavilion. New restrooms were scheduled for completion by the summer of 1991 ; Windover Park is located on seven acres with one ball diamond. Like most of the townships in Midland County, Lee Township depends on septic tanks for sewage disposal and individual wells for water. All of the roads in the Township are hardsurfaced. In 1985, four miles of road improvements were completed and in 1990, two miles were improved. In 1991, Some of the problems currently facing the Township include the cost of solid waste disposal, the condition of the roads, the availability of quality water, G-23 �Ill -Ill II JI II Jasper Township is located in the southeast corner of Midland County. The Township Hall built in 1911 was just remodeled and is the only facility operated by the Township. Between 1987 and 1991 nearly 1O miles of roads were improved consisting of adding gravel or reblacktopping surfaces. Less than 25 percent of the roads are hardsurfaced. and the lack of regulations relating to scrap yards. The Planning Commission is currently updating the master plan. The last update of the plan was in 1979. The zoning ordinance was recently updated. Lee Township's Mure plans include developing additional recreation space, and locating a site for a commercial/ industrial park. A water system is also planned for the future. Like most of the rural townships in the County, Jasper has no water system or sanitary sewer system. Individual wells provide potable water and septic tanks are used for sewage disposal. Fire protection is provided through the Mid Michigan Community Fire Department located in St. Louis in Gratiot County. This department also covers portions of Bethany and Pine River townships, as well as the City of St. Louis. Greendale Township is located on the western edge of the County and is west of Lee Township. The Township Hall was renovated in the 1970s and is the only major building maintained. The only other buildings or facilities operated by the Township are two storage buildings. The County primary roads are the only hard surfaced roads - most of the roads are gravel. Annually, one and one-half miles of roads are improved which generally consist of adding gravel and improving ditching. Issues that are currently facing the Township include the inability to enforce the building code and the consideration of Jasper Township as a site for the disposal of low-level radioactive waste. Problems facing the Township include road conditions, funding road improvements, and old oil wells. The Michigan Department of Natural Resources is currently working with Sun Oil Company to cleanup 60 to 70 oil wells in the Township. After the sites are cleaned and sealed, the oil company will be allowed to sell the property. The 1987 master plan is currently being updated by the Planning Commission. No major development is currently planned for the Township, but a joint recycling program is being planned with Lee Township and Porter Township. Porter Township is on the southern border of Midland County, east of Jasper Township. The Township Hall which was built in 1933 and a maintenance building are maintained by the Township. The majority of roads in the Township are gravel and annually one mile of roads are improved. Like the surrounding townships, Porter Township has no The Township worked with a consultant in 1988 to update its master plan. Additionally, a new zoning ordinance is in the process of being adopted. No major development is currently planned for Greendale Township. G-24 �homes. It is also felt that a noise ordinance should be put in place and that wind generator towers and manmade lakes should be regulated. consolidated sewer or water system. Individual wells provide water, and septic tanks are used for disposal of sewage. One of the problems currently facing the Township includes the condition of the roads. The problem is the lack of knowledge concerning which roads will be improved and when they will be improved. Another problem facing the Township relates to discarded materials in residential areas. A lack of awareness also exists concerning building codes and other ordinances - many residents are either unaware of the codes or choose to ignore them. An ordinance to control mobile homes is also felt to be needed in the Township. There are no major developments planned in the immediate Mure. Ingersoll Township is located in the southeast corner of Midland County. The Township operates one building the Township Hall - which was built in 1978. No parks are maintained by the Township. Annually, two miles of roads are improved with 80 percent of the roads in the Township being hardsurfaced. Ingersoll Township has no sewer system or water system. Sewage is handled by septic systems with water provided by individual wells. The Planning Commission is currently updating the master plan and hopes to be able to use much of the information generated by the County's Comprehensive Plan. No major development is currently planned for the Township, but since agriculture is important to the area, Porter Township wants to preserve much of its agricultural land. Issues that currently face the Township include the possibility of annexation by the City of Midland, and additional development in Ingersoll Township relating to the nearby Midland Cogeneration Venture, and the rezoning of agricultural land to residential. Mount Haley Township is located on the southern border of Midland County, directly east of Porter Township. The Township Hall was built in the 1980s and is operated by the Township. No parks are maintained by the Township. All roads are hard-surfaced and between one and two miles of roads are improved annually. Like the majority of townships in Midland County, no consolidated sewer or water systems exist. The Township updated its land use plan map in 1992. Libraries Two principal libraries serve the general public. Grace A. Dow Memorial Library provides service to the City of Midland, which operates the system, and to 12 townships through contractual arrangements. The library is part of the White Pine Library Cooperative, a network of 34 public libraries in a 10county area. Issues the Township is currently facing include discarded material in residential areas, the quality of housing in parts of the Township and the control of mobile G-25 �•II • • •II • I The library's collection contains over 225,000 items. In addition to printed materials such as books, magazines, newspapers and periodicals, the library also circulates films, video cassettes, compact discs, records and tapes. The library provides children's programming and informational services and is affiliated with the Midland County Literacy Council. As a service to many of the area's senior citizens, the library operates a revolving book program at four area nursing homes. Midland Community Television, a cable TV station, is also a part of the library. the Coleman Library is a part of the White Pine Library Cooperative. In addition to printed materials such as books, magazines, newspapers and periodicals, the library circulates video tapes, cassette tapes and records. VCRs, cameras and other equipment can be rented from the library. There are two full-time staff members and the library provides summer reading material. Two of the library's main problems are the lack of space and inadequate funding. No plans for the expansion of the library's facilities or services currently exist. The main goal is to maintain existing facilities - both interior and exterior. Operational support is provided from the City of Midland, contractual township arrangements, funding through a 0.3 mil levy, gifts, memorials, and fund raising through the Friends of the Library. The library has 55 employees, of which 36 are full-time. Additionally, volunteer services contribute to library operation. Medical and Emergency Facilities Emergency Medical Services: The MidMichigan Regional Medical Center, through a fixed fee annual contract with Midland County, provides emergency medical services coverage for the entire County. Four vehicles are staffed and operated from three locations: Currently under construction is an 18,000-square-foot addition, which will alleviate the current space shortage the library is experiencing. The library is also exploring the possibility of establishing several satellite libraries throughout the service area. These satellites will not offer full library services - as branch libraries often do - but would make many of the library's resources more convenient to a larger number of residents. - Two primary and two back-up vehicles operate from the Midland Hospital Center, 4005 Orchard Drive, Midland. - One vehicle operates from 3077 North Meridian Road in Jerome Township. Coleman Area Library located at 231 E. Railway in a former bank, was opened in 1968. The bank building was built in 1905. _ One vehicle operates from 855 East Railway Street, Coleman. The library has over 10,000 volumes and is funded through a voted millage. As with the Grace A. Dow Memorial Library, These vehicles respond to approximately 3,300 calls annually. Response time within the City of Midland averages 3.8 minutes with an out-county average of 7.8 minutes. G-26 �MidMichigan Regional Medical Center No additional vehicles, staff or locations are planned. The principal medical facility serving the County is the MidMichigan Regional Medical Center, located at 4005 Orchard Drive in the City of Midland. The hospital has 307 beds. A $10.5 million expansion was completed in 1986 that houses some ancillary operations including the radiology section, additional laboratories and emergency services. Additional expansion occurred between 1986 and 1988. The Medical Center is in the process of acquiring additional adjacent land for expansion and anticipates its current facility will double in size within the next 15 years. A portion of Midland County is served by the Breckenridge-Wheeler Rescue Service. Porter Township is in the service area of the rescue service which covers 100 square miles in both Midland County and Gratiot County. The centrally dispatched service has one rescue unit, 12 volunteers, and operates out of the Breckenridge-Wheeler Fire Department. Department of Emergency Services: This County department is responsible for disaster or emergency planning for events such as tornados, floods, plane crashes or national emergencies. Through analysis of County development patterns, population projections, industrial hazard identification and various drills and exercises, contingencies for reaction to disasters are developed. A limited number of emergency care facilities are also available in the City of Midland. These facilities are designed to handle short-term medical problems or emergencies, or if unable to provide necessary care, refer cases to the MidMichigan Regional Medical Center. The Department has one full-time employee that is assisted by one parttime employee. Some of the problems that face the Department include limited staffing, an inadequate public warning system and an increasing amount of requirements that are being placed on the Department by the State and Federal governments. Midland County Fairground The fairground is located northwest of Eastman Road and U.S. 10 on a 130acre site. Existing facilities include: - Thirty-eight buildings: 13 exhibit buildings 13 service buildings 7 administrative buildings 5 horse-related buildings - A harness racing track with covered grandstand seating 1,700 to 1,800 spectators - Horse show arena - Four camping areas, covering two and one-half acres - Restroom facilities Future needs revolve around a requirement for a suitable emergency operations center with adequate radio and telephone communication links with any public or private agency which may be involved in an emergency response situation. The County Sheriff operates a communication station in Sanford which could be upgraded to serve as the center. G-27 l 1 l l l l �• • • • •I • • • • • teachers in the four major Midland County school districts during the 19901991 school year. These counts do not include the other five public school systems or any of the private/ parochial schools in Midland County . General public use of the fairground is from May through September, with the County fair held in August. Aside from the fair, the other activities for which the grounds are used include picnics, camping, horse shows, antique shows and soccer games held on fields established by the Midland City Parks Department. The Fourth of July celebration is the largest single event of the year. In the winter months the buildings are rented out for storage of individuals' boats, RVs and other items. FIGURE 12 1990-1991 STUDENT COUNTS 7,000 There are three year-around employees and an additional 10-20 employees are hired in the summer months - depending on the events. 6 ,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 Existing development around the fairground limits any expansion of the facility. This is seen as a problem as parking requirements continue to increase . Improvements to the fairground have been laid out in the fairground's master plan. In . 1991 , the construction of a gazebo and the improvement of watermains and roads are planned. The main improvements scheduled to occur between 1991 and 2000 include: FIGURE 13 1990-1991 TEACHER COUNTS - The construction of a covered arena - Improvements to the swine and sheep facilities - Paving of streets Maintenance - New merchant building - Replacement of one restaurant 3}0. . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - . 500 400 JOO 200 100 o..._=~--'---· ··=····--! · . ..........,.;;,--=.1--1..;,,.........___. o~ G ~ ~~ ~~ zoo ~ ::,c::~Q ;s~Q ::S?Q Public Educational Facilities <Jo §56 ~CL.V> Midland County is served by nine school districts and a number of parochial and private schools. Figures 12 and 13 show the student counts and number of -~~- s~30 ::%:UQ..V> E5~ ~ ~V> SOURCE: Gove Associates Inc. G-28 ~~- 35 5 UC..V> �Table 41 identifies the student counts for the four major school districts in the County from the 1979-80 school year through the 1991-92 school year. Projections to the 1993-94 school year have been provided by three school districts. The student counts show that between the 1979-80 school year and the 1991-92 school year enrollment for the four school districts decreased by 18.1 percent, or from 16,026 to 13,121. The school year with the lowest student count was 1990-91, with 12,976 students. Over the 12-year period all of the four school districts decreased. Meridian Public Schools had the greatest percentage decrease (19.0%) and Coleman Public Schools had the smallest percentage decrease (16.4%). When long-range trends are studied it is apparent that student counts have decreased. The number of school age children in Midland County decreased dramatically between 1980 and 1990. Table 40 shows that in 1990 there were 2.0 percent fewer pre-school age children in the County than in 1980. A more dramatic decrease occurred in the age group that incudes elementary students, junior high school students and high school students. Between 1980 and 1990, the number of youth between the ages of five and 17 decreased by 16. 1 percent. This decrease leaves many school districts with surplus building space. The number of young adults in the transitional age group (moving from high school to college, jobs, or other situations) decreased by 20.8 percent between 1980 and 1990. Additionally the number of college age residents decreased by 13.6 percent during the same period. TABLE 40 NUMBER OF SCHOOL AGE RESIDENTS IN MIDLAND COUNTY: 1980-1990 %Change 1980-1990 Age Group 1980 1990 Under 5 (Pre-School) 5,812 5,697 -2.0 5-17 (Elementary, Middle and High School) 17,881 15,011 -16.1 18-20 (Transitional) 4,395 3,479 -20.8 21-24 4,957 4,282 -13.6 (College) , SOURCE: U.S. Census of Population 1980, 1990 G-29 I �• • • • •fl The Midland Public School District increased from 8,368 in 1988-89 to 8,608 TABLE 41 STUDENT COUNTS IN MIDLAND COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICTS II • • in 1991-92, a 2.9 percent increase. Bullock Creek Public School system increased during the same time period from 1,742 students to 1,822 students. Coleman Public Schools enrollment decreased by 3.9 percent and Meridian Public Schools enrollment decreased by 7. 7 percent between the 1988-89 and 1991-92 school years. More recent student counts have shown increases in two of the four districts . Between the 1988-89 and 1991-92 school years the total number of students in the four school districts increased by 1.1 percent, or from 12,977 students to 13,121 students. Midland Public Schools Coleman Public Schools Bullock Creek Public Schools Meridian Public Schools Total 1979-1980 10,534 1,364 2,215 1,913 16,026 1980-1981 10,058 1,324 2,091 1,898 15,371 1981-1982 9,799 1,273 1,994 1,846 14,912 1982-1983 9,540 1,275 1,937 1,816 14,568 1983-1984 9,403 1,316 1,889 1,805 14,413 -10.7 -3.5 -14.7 -5.6 -10.1 1984-1985 8,858 1,296 1,811 1,760 13,725 1985-1986 8,601 1,222 1,784 1,817 13,424 1986-1987 8,594 1,221 1,746 1,840 13,401 1987-1988 8,612 1,163 1,718 1,667 13,160 -2.8 -10.2 -5.1 -5.3 -4.1 1988-1989 8,368 1,187 1,742 1,680 12,977 1989-1990 8,474 1,166 1,724 1,686 13,050 1990-1991 8,415 1,192 1,766 1,603 12,976 1991-1992 8,608 1,141 1,822 1,550 13,121 %Change 1989-1992 +2.9 -3.9 +4.6 -7.7 1.1 %Change 1980-1992 -18.3 -16.4 -17.7 -19.0 -18.1 %Change 1980-1984 %Change 1985-1988 Projections 1992-1993 8,748 1,138 1,862 No Projections 1993-1994 8,832 1,173 1,897 No Projections SOURCE: Midland County School Districts, 1991 G-30 �l costly and difficult. The school districts should work together to examine alternatives and decide what is best for all the districts. Overall, since the 1979-80 school year there have been two years where student counts were higher than the previous year for the combined student counts of the four districts. The 1989-90 count of 13,050 was 0.6 percent higher than the 1988-89 count. The only other year that showed an overall increase in enrollment from the previous year was the 1991-92 school year with a student count of 13, 121, or 1.1 percent over the previous year's count of 12,976. With overall student counts showing increases in two recent school years (1989-90 and 199192) it is apparent that a leveling off in student enrollment is occurring in the area. Given Woods and Poole's forecast of school-age population (fable 10), close monitoring, and inter-school district communications will be necessary to fully understand if a shift in the enrollment trend is occurring. Meridian Public School System had a total of 1,742 K through 12 students according to the 1990-91 Fourth Friday Student Count. An additional 55 students were enrolled in adult education or high school completion programs for a total of 1,797 students. The students attend one of the district's six schools. Elementary students (K-6) attend one of the three elementary schools - Meridian, Sanford or Hillside Elementary School. Middle school students (7-8) attend the one junior high school in the district and the senior high students (9-12) attend Meridian High School. The Meridian Pubic school system also has an adult and community education building. Implications for declining school districts include reduced levels of state aid, school closings and staff changes. However, changing job technologies and equipment may provide additional opportunities for adult education and retraining programs. Funding for such programs may be available through the State of Michigan. The school district has 185 employees of which 100 are teachers. The district's 19 bus drivers transported an average of 1,550 students daily during the 1990-91 school season - or nearly 90 percent of the district's students. Additionally, two bus attendants are required for special education runs. The Meridian Public School system encompasses 100 square miles and includes the following townships: Edenville, Hope, Lee, Lincoln, Homer and Larkin. Additionally, the Village of Sanford is within the school district's boundaries. In terms of land uses for schools, many school grounds are also used for recreational purposes in the neighborhoods in which they are located. Sale or reuse of these areas may impact on the availability of recreation space. However, should additional classroom space be needed in the Mure, new construction may have to be undertaken. On the other hand some facilities may have vacant, unused space. Maintenance for a closed building could be Many of the challenges facing the school district in 1991 are related to funding. The district is currently at the peak millage limit (50 mils), so additional funding is difficult to obtain. The G-31 'i i 1 1 _11 I I J I I I I I • • • �•II • •II • • • I runs as well as one special education run . demographics of the County are directly related to the school district's funding difficulties - very little of the County's wealth is located in the rural portions of Midland County. Maintaining the existing facilities with the current funding has become difficult. Additionally, hiring specialists in a variety of curricula is often difficult. The Coleman Public School system encompasses 113 square miles of land and includes the following townships: Denver and Wise townships in Isabella County; Geneva, Warren, Greendale, Jerome and Edenville townships in Midland County. Additionally, the City of Coleman is within the school district's boundaries. Due to funding problems and the fact that student enrollment decreased by five percent between the 1986-87 school year and the 1990-91 school year, Mure plans for the district do not include any physical expansion. Future efforts will be concentrated on maintaining the existing facilities and improving curricular programs. Also in the school district's plans is the necessary updating of the district's bus fleet. Most of the challenges facing this school district are funding related. The district lost a millage election in April of 1991 this restricts the restructuring of the school district that was scheduled to occur which included a combined preparation period for teachers that would create a more efficient use of time for both teachers and students. Another problem facing the district is the age of the bus fleet. In 1991 the average bus in the school district was between nine and ten years old. Coleman Public School System had a total of 1, 192 students on the 1990-91 Fourth Friday Student Count (Figure 12). This number includes grades K through 12. No adult education students are included in the count due to the fact that the Coleman School District has formed a consortium with the Midland Public Schools and the Bullock Creek School District to provide adult education for residents in these districts. Due to insufficient funds and a 2.3 percent decrease in enrollment since the 1986-87 school year, no physical expansion of the school district is planned within the next five years. A new fleet of school busses will be required due to the age of the existing fleet. Additionally, the school district plans to change to a "bottom-up" method of management. Students in the Coleman Public School system attend one of the district's three schools - the Elementary School (K-5), the Middle School (6-8), or the High School (9-12). Additionally, the district has an auto shop building for students in grades 11 and 12. Bullock Creek School System had a total of 1,766, K-12 students on the Fourth Friday Student count of the 1990-1991 school year (Figure 12). Additionally, 380.25 (fraction due to part-time students) adult education students attend the Bullock Creek School System. With The school district has 125 employees of which 62 are teachers (Figure 13). The district has 16 bus drivers for regular G-32 �1 adult education included in the student total, Bullock Creek had 2, 146.25 students. Bullock Creek receives adult education students from two other school districts as well as their own. The Midland Public School District and the Coleman Public Schools have formed a consortium with the Bullock Creek School District that provides adult education to residents of the three districts. The school district plans improvements for the Mure. Physical plans include expanding Floyd Elementary School. Other plans include determining where the Mure needs will be as the large group of elementary students advance through the school system. The school district is also implementing a strategic plan called "Bullock Creek 2000," which addresses restructuring the district's curriculum and facilities. This school district has five school buildings. Three of the schools are for elementary students (K-5). These include Floyd Elementary, Bullock Creek Elementary and Pine River Elementary. The Middle School is for students in the sixth through eight grades and the High School serves students in grades 9 through 12. Midland Public School System, with a 1990-91 Fourth Friday Student Count of 8,419 K-12 students (Figure 12), is the largest school district in Midland County and ranks 28th in size of the 524 school districts in Michigan. The adult education students are not included in the school district student count. Adults in the school district attend classes in the Bullock Creek School District which has formed a consortium with the Midland School District and the Coleman School District to provide adult education for residents of the three districts. The school district has 350 employees, of which 101 are K-12 teachers (Figure 13). Due to the rural nature of the school district, the 23 bus drivers are responsible for transporting 98 percent of the students to and from school. The district also has four special education runs. The district encompasses 125 square miles of land and includes the following townships: Ingersoll, Mount Haley, Lee, Porter, Greendale, Midland and Homer. The K-12 students attend one of the 17 schools in the district. Elementary students (K-6) attend either Adams, Carpenter, Chestnut Hill, Chippewassee, Cook, Eastlawn, Longview, Mills, Parkdale, Plymouth, Siebert or Woodcrest Elementary School. Intermediate students in grades 7 through 9 attend either Central, Jefferson or Northeast Intermediate School. The Midland School District's High School students (grades 10-12) attend H.H. Dow High School or Midland High School. Additionally, the school district has the Ashman Special Education Center and the Leiphart Alternative Education Center. Some of the problems facing the school district are related to funding - the District has a relatively low State Equalized Valuation (SEV) and a relatively high school millage rate. Additional problems are related to growth in the area - the western portion of the district (Greendale Township) has grown by 20 percent in population between 1980 and 1990. G-33 I I 1 I I I I I I I •I ~ �expanded vocational and career offerings, expand gifted and talented programs, new models for staff development, enhanced summer study programs, expanded programs in foreign language and physical education, a new emphasis on programs for "at risk" youth, compliance with Public Act 25 and a closer working relationship with area businesses. The school district has 535 teachers (Figure 13) and 70 administrators as well as 615 other employees. The school district has 60 busses and transports approximately 4,000 students daily - a much lower percentage of total students than any of the other school districts in Midland County. The school district encompasses 137 square miles and includes the eastern third of Midland County, including the City of Midland. • I Colleges and Universities Delta College, with 11,000 academic students, has more students than any of the area's other colleges. The college is a two-year institution that offers 17 types of occupational certificates and 53 occupational associate degrees. Additionally, 36 types of transfer degrees are offered, with the option to tailor a program to suit a student's particular needs. Other programs include training for correction officers and emergency medical technicians. In addition to working closely with students to design a personalized program, Delta College works closely with General Motors and other companies to design programs which enhance the employees' work skills and improve the companies' final products. Problems that have faced this school district in the past have not typically been funding related. This can be attributed to much of the County's wealth being in the City of Midland. While funding has not been a major problem in the past, it now plays a part in the way the school district operates. Another challenge facing the school district is keeping up-to-date with the latest in education and equipment. Finally, the most difficult problem is determining where growth will occur. This is especially important since many of the school district's elementary schools are running out of space. Some of the physical changes that have recently occurred in the school district include the addition of several "modulars" to some of the elementary schools and the renovation of an elementary school into a math and science center. One of the Mure physical changes includes improved bus facilities. Delta College serves the residents and businesses of Midland County, Bay County and Saginaw County. The college is located on one square mile of land in Bay County, two miles southwest of Bay City, which consists of one large building with several wings for the different programs. There are 500 fulltime employees, of which 221 are instructors and 500 part-time employees, many of which are instructors. The school district has plans for changing the structure of the district over the next five years. Some of these changes include restructuring the elementary and intermediate schools, a new emphasis on reading instruction, G-34 �• • •II • • • • • • • I. GLADWIN d I . I 51 I a: ' C4RTIS w I I ' I '--r~· ., I -,---r. I z 0 :·,; .•. I d .I ____.a,--:,.:· >- I- ' I z ::J 0 u C..,.--+..._- - r- - - PUBLIC SCHOOL DISTRICTS 0 z MIDLAI\JD COUNlY, MICHIGAN a.. ~ ' I t;;~;:;.::;::r-""l,-W,l--.....__,_-4-......:,.....JI..-'., . ·. I - -7~~~~~~~-~·0--L---L~ -~ _···/J I 4., . _.__-;:,,,,.~~~:'.-.~:-r.---~· <?:) .•• ...... I LEGEND >--<( (D • HIGH SCHOOLS ■ JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS • ELEMENT ARY SCHOOLS I o ;--..: _ J___ i___ l__ :. :. . ~.__ -T<Mal 'f" ·---··! 0 I ., , I ....._I I I i '. -~~-- .... < ,• •• ••• !•~•• •>--- +'--""~--□ --l 1-- z ::J 0 0 SOURCE : MIDLAND COUNTY 3:: <( z c3 <( (/) 0 6250 12500 25000 37500 Gove Associates Inco ,. SAGINAW .I GRATIOT MERRILL 1601 Portage Street Kalamuoo, Michigan ◄ 9001 G-35 �••••••• TABLE 42 PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEMS •:,: # of Students School District G) K-12 (4th Friday 1990-91 School Year # of # of # of Teachers Total Staff Elementary Schools '•'• Intermediate Schools # of High Schools Other Major Buildings Adult Education ,•,:•. ,•: :,: .-· (# of Students Service Area Midland Public Schools 8,419 535 1,220 12 (K-6) 3 (7-9) 2 (10-12) Special Education Center; Alternative Education Center * Eastern third of Midland County (143 Sq. Miles) Coleman Public Schools 1,192 62 126 1 (K-5) · 1 (6-8) 1 (9-12) Auto Shop * Isabella County: Denver & Wise townships Midland County: Geneva, Warren, Jerome Greendale & Edenville townships City of Coleman** (113 Sq. Miles) Bullock Creek Public Schools 1,766 101 350 3 1 1 Meridian Public Schools 1,742 100 368 3 (K-6) 1 (7-8) 1 (9-12) ~ *Consortium with Bullock Creek School District **May not Include entire township SOURCE: School Districts: Midland, Coleman, Bullock, Meridian - Adult and Community Education Building 380.25 55 Ingersoll, Mount Haley, Lee, Porter, Greendale, Midland and Homer** townships Edlnvllle, Hope, Lee, Lincoln, Jerome, Homer, Larkin townships; City of Sanford** �leased classroom space at the Consumers Power Company Training Center. In 1988, the existing Midland Campus facilities were built on 1O acres of land at 3555 East Patrick Road. One problem the college is currently facing is the lack of adequate space for the growing number of students. Keeping up with technology is another problem the college faces. To provide an education that is as up-to-date as possible requires that equipment be replaced as advances in technology are made - a costly but necessary process. Great Lakes Junior College offers associates degrees in accounting, business administration, executive secretarial, administration secretarial, word processing specialist, electronics/ computer repair technician, data accounting, data management, legal secretarial, medical assistant, court reporting, finance administration and paralegal/legal assistant. The Midland Campus offers all of the above programs except court reporting. The college has made plans for the Mure, one of which is to purchase several off-campus buildings to relieve the current and projected lack of space. Another goal is the expansion of long distance learning programs, by offering more televised programs as well as taped programs. The college is also planning on expanding its relationship with area companies through more interactive job training and other programs tailored for specific companies. The Midland Campus has 40 instructors and 20 support staff, with students from Bay, Midland, Saginaw, Clare and Isabella counties. With the rapidly changing technology that exists in today's work world, Delta College has recognized the need to update peoples job skills - even those that already have a specialized degree. This will be done by offering what the college calls "Continued Education Units" - these units will help to keep degrees current by treating a degree as an ongoing process instead of a final product. One of the challenges that the college currently faces is finding enough staff to instruct the increasing number of students. Funding is one of the other problems. At the time of this Plan update there are no major plans for expansion of the campus. A new nursing wing was added in 1991 to the original building that was built in 1988. Great Lakes Junior College consists of five campuses throughout the Saginaw Bay area - Midland, Bay City, Saginaw, Caro and Bad Axe all have campuses. The Midland Campus has the largest number of students of the five campuses. Of the 1,960 students enrolled in the Spring of 1991, 643 (33%) attended the Midland Campus. The Campus was established in 1983 and until 1988 had Saginaw Valley State University is located midway between Midland, Bay City and Saginaw on Pierce Road in Saginaw County. The university occupies 728 acres of land and had 6,212 students in the Fall of 1990. The university offers over 40 undergraduate majors as well as interdisciplinary majors. Pre-medicine, pre-law, pre-dentistry and pre-theology G-37 • •I ·- -I ., -1 l • • •-. l �classes are instructors. advisor assistance programs are also offered as well as programs designed to prepare elementary and secondary teachers for certification. Five graduate programs are offered which include criminal justice/political science, teaching, education, business administration and master of science in nursing. The University's Business and Industrial Development Institute and Applied Technology Research Center provides services to existing and emerging local companies to encourage expansion, diversification and profitability. taught by part-time The university is currently in the preliminary design phase of a cogeneration plant and a business development center. Some of the university's ongoing goals include attracting more students from Midland County as well as improving the quality and variety of education. The university plans on adding one or two more master's programs as well. Michigan Molecular Institute is a less traditional - and more specialized - form of higher education located on 40 acres of land in Midland's Discovery Square. The Institute, Central Michigan University and Michigan Technological University established the Michigan Polymer Consortium in 1987. The consortium was formed to allow for advanced studies (Master and Ph.D levels) in polymer science. In 1990 three additional universities - Michigan State, Eastern Michigan and Wayne State were added to the consortium. Of the 6,212 students enrolled in the Fall of 1990, 460 (5%) were from Midland County and over 98 percent from Michigan. Only 10 percent (603) of the university students were campus residents in the Fall of 1990. Nearly 57 percent of the students commuted to school in the daytime and nearly 34 percent in the evening (40 percent of the University courses are offered during evening hours). The university has 160 full-time faculty members, with a total staff of 450. Of the 160 faculty members, 75 percent have doctorate or terminal degrees. In 1991, 55 Saginaw Valley State University employees resided in Midland County. The Michigan Molecular Institute occupies three buildings in Discovery Square. The main building contains 35,000 square feet of physical and chemical research laboratories, a library with an extensive polymer collection as well as space for administration and support facilities. The Composites Laboratory is the second largest building (14,500 square feet) and contains facilities for the fabrication, processing and testing of polymer composites. A conference center with over 7,500 square feet of conference and support space is located next to the composite laboratory. Since 1985 over $60 million in campus construction has been completed and approximately $70 million remains in the planning stages. The major problems facing the university at the time of this Plan update relate to funding and the inability to hire an adequate number of professors. Currently, 35 percent of the university G-38 �which 67 are professors or instructors. The campus also has nearly 50 part-time employees as well as 200 student employees. The Institute offers the largest amount of courses in polymer science in Michigan, possibly the nation. An average of 180 students attend the Michigan Molecular Institute annually. Additionally, 15 consortium students (seven master, eight doctorate) were enrolled at the time of this Plan update. Northwood University is located on 286 acres of land adjacent to the Trttabawasee River in the City of Midland. The campus has 35 buildings for classes, meetings, administration, housing and other uses. Additionally, the campus has an outdoor stadium for sporting events and other large gatherings. The Institute has a staff of 48 - 14 are professional Ph.D research scientists and 14 are research assistants with either master degrees or bachelor degrees. The independent research center began operations in 1972 and is currently involved in work for both the federal government and private industry. The Institute is currently in a growth phase and plans to double its research capabilities as well as increase the number of graduate students. One of the challenges currently facing the University is maintenance of the facilities. Many buildings are 30 years old and are starting to need more frequent repairs. Another problem is the decreasing number of students attending the campus. Northwood University (formerly Northwood Institute) has over 1,700 students and offers a variety of business related courses. After two years, students can earn an associate degree in any of 1O business disciplines. Northwood Institute also offers seven different four-year business administration degrees. It was founded in 1959 and was originally located in Alma, Michigan. Since 1959, Northwood has established three campuses - the Midland Campus, the West Palm Beach, Florida Campus and the Cedar Hill, Texas Campus. Of the three campuses, the Midland Campus is the oldest. The campus has various goals and plans for the Mure. One of the main goals is to continue to educate students and to remain a closed campus. Another goal is to increase the student body to 2,500. The University will be expanding the NADA (National Automobile Dealers Association) Center by adding more classrooms, lodging and conference facilities. Additionally, the campus will require another academic building in the Mure. Community Centers Midland Community Center offers a large variety of activities to Midland County. The Community Center, established by H. H. Dow in 1917, was moved to its current location at 2001 George Street in 1955. Since then, the center has been expanded and improved several times Of the 1,700 students attending the Midland Campus in 1991, over 700 were housed in campus housing - the remaining 1,000 students lived throughout the Midland area. The University has 250 full-time employees of G-39 I I I �- Dance lessons - Children programs - Self defense classes - Marksmanship - Arts and crafts - Camping - Summer day camp - Travel - Curling (located at 700 Grant Court) and has over 155,000 square feet of interior space. Funding for the center comes from a variety of sources - three major sources are fees and charges (60%), United Way (28%) and industries and foundations (12%). Often fees are waived or reduced if potential participants, young or old, cannot afford a particular program. While the Midland Community Center seems to offer a limitless variety of activities, more programs and facilities are scheduled for the future. The Center is currently constructing a shallow warm water pool with a graded slope for easy access. The indoor pool will have warm water jets, game nets and slides, plus a whirlpool and sun deck. The Community Center works cooperatively with several groups. Extensive cooperation exists between the community center and the Midland School District - especially with the sharing of facilities in the summer. The Community Center also works extensively with the City of Midland in programming recreational activities - especially indoor activities. While most of the organizations that work with the Center are large public organizations, the Center also helps smaller organizations to develop fitness programming. West Midland Family Center is located on the corner of M-20 (Isabella Road) and Alamando Road in the western part of Midland County. The Center was established in 1974 to serve the social, educational and recreational needs of the area. In 1989 a new 21,500-square foot facility was built to replace the old school house which had served as the center since 1974. Supporters for construction of the new center included: The following list, taken from the Midland Community Center's 1991 Spring Schedule, shows the variety of programs that are available: - Indoor jogging - Indoor swimming - Weight and nautilus equipment - Steam and sauna facilities - Supervised gymnastics - Fencing - Bridge/ chess teams - Various exercise and aerobic programs - Weight loss programs - Bicycle trips - Basketball and volleyball - Table tennis and football - Billiards - Racquetball and squash - Dorothy Dow Arbury Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow Foundation - Roland M. Gerstacker Foundation _ Dow Chemical Company _ Dow Corning Foundation _ The Strosacker Foundation The furnishings and equipment for the Center were supplied by various local foundations, clubs and individuals. G-40 �as auxiliary spaces. The Center can be rented for private use or other gatherings. The Center provides a broad range of recreational activities and programs for people of all ages. The facilities include classroom space, library, conference room, nursery, offices, activity room, gymnasium, dining room, fitness room, emergency clothing and food. Midland Center for the Arts, dedicated in 1971, was funded entirely through private donations. The 200,000-square-foot facility houses a 1,538-seat auditoriumconcert hall, a 420-seat theater, a 94-seat lecture/recital room, science/history exhibition areas, art galleries, banquet and meeting rooms, music and dance rehearsal rooms, art studios, a computer education center and administrative offices. The West Midland Family Center is a United Way Agency, with 38 percent of operating funds coming from the United Way of Midland County, 31 percent from grants and gifts and 31 percent from government and local support. Future plans for the Center include the construction of two additional classrooms. Additionally, the Center plans on expanding the programs that are currently offered. The Midland Center for the Arts consists of six individual art and cultural organizations which include: - Mills Township Community Center is open year-round and has two permanent programs that operate from the Center. From 7:30 AM to 2:30 PM, the Midland County Council on Aging operates a senior program that includes serving approximately 20 lunch meals at the Center and 60 meals to area residents. Midland Symphony Orchestra Midland Music Society Theater Guild Midland County Historical Society Community Concert Society Midland Art Council Over 200 events and exhibits are presented annually at the center by these organizations. The other ongoing program is an after school program that began operating in February 1991. Currently, 82 students (K-6) are registered for the program with an average daily attendance of 30 students. The program offers tutoring, homework incentives, enrichment, arts and crafts and other activities. A future goal of the after school program is to include older students in the program as well as adults. One of the Center's permanent displays is the Hall of Ideas. The Hall demonstrates how our world has been improved through people's ideas over time. This section of the Center emphasizes participation in nature. The Midland Center for the Arts also sponsors the Matrix Midland Festival, which is an annual event that runs from the end of May to the middle of June. The festival consists of concerts, lectures, demonstrations and many other events. The Community Center, located at 2635 Shearer Road, is owned and operated by Mills Township. The facility has a kitchen and large dining or meeting area as well G-41 ~ ~ ~ -~ "-- / ~ -~ ·• �Salvation Army Building 330 Waldo Road Midland, Michigan Future plans for the Center include expanding the visual arts exhibits as well as the history and science areas. Additionally, many of the permanent exhibits will be replaced, refurbished or remade. One of the six groups - the Midland County Historical Society - will be moved off-site. The society will still be a part of the Center for the Arts, but will move to another location. This will create more room in the Center and provide the Historical Society with additional space. The Midland County Council on Aging is funded through a variety of sources both public and private. Most of the services are provided at no charge to the users, but contributions are appreciated. In addition to providing meals to senior citizens at the established meal sites, a variety of other services are provided including door-to-door transportation throughout Midland County, Case/Care Management, home delivered meals, emergency food, financial assistance for heating, counseling and a variety of other services. Additionally, a monthly newspaper is published to inform residents of area news concerning senior citizens. Senior Citizens Centers The Midland County Council on Aging offers many programs designed to enrich the lives of residents of Midland County who are 60 years of age or older. The Council is located in Midland at the Strosacker Center and operates six senior centers and dining sites throughout Midland County at the following locations: There are currently several issues facing the Midland County Council on Aging. One issue involves funding cutbacks from the State for maintenance, equipment and administration - no services have been reduced or eliminated. Another issue involves the need to integrate developmentally disabled senior citizens into the programs. The third major issue facing the Midland County Council on Aging involves the increase in the number of senior citizens that are over 85 years of age. These residents often require more attention than the younger senior citizens in the County. - Coleman Senior Services Center 110 N. Fifth Street Coleman, Michigan West Midland Family Center 4011-1 /2 West Isabella Road Shepard, Michigan Midland Happy Diners Memorial Presbyterian Church 1310 Ashman Midland, Michigan Museums Mills Township Community Center 2635 E. Shearer Road Midland, Michigan Chippewa Nature Center is located north of Pine River road, south of the Chippewa River between Atwell Drive and Section 23 of Homer Township. Three main buildings are currently located on the Center's 866-acre site. The largest of Sanford Senior Center 113 W. Lincoln Street Sanford, Michigan G-42 �Sanford Museum was established in an early 20th Century brick four-room school building, in conjunction with the Sanford Village Centennial in 1970. Since 1970 the Museum has expanded and now includes seven buildings located on four acres of land. The Museum buildings include the Riverside School, a train depot, the Clare Bailey Chapel, the Smith Log Home and many displays and exhibits. the buildings is the 20,000-square-foot Visitor's Center and Museum. Additional features of the Center include 14 miles of trails, an auditorium, an 1870s style farm complex, a maple syrup house, a paved trail for the handicapped and three miles of frontage on the Chippewa River. Employees at the Nature Center include 13 full-time naturalists and interpreters as well as 19 part-time interpretive guides. The personnel are responsible for the operation of the Center as well as informing people of the natural environment through field trips, lectures, classes, demonstrations and tours of the Museum and trails. In addition to the 29 full-time and part-time employees, the Center had 680 volunteers in 1990. The Museum is deeded to Jerome Township and operated by the Sanford Historic Society which has a total of 137 members. The Society's volunteers perform most of the maintenance and assist in giving tours. A paid hostess gives tours on Saturdays and Sundays between 1 PM and 5 PM, May through September. Prearranged tours are available to schools and other groups year-round. The Chippewa Nature Center has many projects that are near completion, or that have recently been completed. A strategic plan for the Center was started in the Fall of 1990 and is scheduled for completion in the Spring or Summer of 1991. Additionally, a five-year capital improvements plan was completed in the beginning of 1991. A new building is scheduled to be completed prior to the Summer of 1991 which will fill some of the need for additional storage space required for the Center's many collections. Many of the problems facing the Museum are related to maintaining the buildings and grounds. Currently one roof is in need of renovation. No plans for expanding the Museum's facilities exist for the next five years. The main goal at this time is to maintain the Sanford Museum's existing facilities. Midland County Historical Museum is one of six member groups based in the Midland Center for the Arts. The museum has office space, and maintains two permanent exhibit areas at the Center. One 4,000-square-foot room contains a collection which may be viewed by appointment. They also have an open exhibit area on the fourth level of the Center. Other ongoing projects include the maintenance of Bradley House which opened to the public as a museum in 1972. The Museum also Future projects will concentrate on maintaining and refurbishing the Nature Center's existing facilities. Another future project the Center is planning on undertaking involves performing a user survey. This survey will be used by the Center to determine if the existing programs satisfy the desires of the area's residents - or if alternate programs should be developed. -~ -:~ :-.i --~ ._ . G-43 ~. �programs, such as educating the public about the facility's purpose and providing a wider variety of programs for the residents, including more indoor recreation and programs designed for alzheimers and dementia patients. operates a replica of H. H. Dow's original place of experimentation - the Evens Flour Mill. This addition to the Museum was opened in August 1990. County Facilities Pinecrest Home Harbour House Pinecrest Home is a congregate housing facility providing long-term care for persons with a variety of diagnosed mental and physical disabilities. The facilities are located west of the City of Midland in Homer Township on a 160acre site on Homer Road. One hundred acres are leased for farming with the remaining 60 acres used for housing and associated buildings. Harbour House was opened in 1971 by the Volunteers for Youth of Midland as a shelter for abused, neglected or otherwise troubled youths. In December of 1980 control and operation was turned over to the Juvenile Division of Midland County Probate Court. Currently the Harbour House is a ninebed coeducational facility serving adolescents who fall within one of the following situations: The capacity of Pinecrest is 55 persons and it operates with a staff of 17. One vehicle is available for client transportation, with some transportation services supplied by the Council on Aging. _ _ _ Funding is provided by the County, which accounts for about two-thirds of needed revenues, with General Assistance and user revenue making up the balance. The infirmary serves Midland County but can accept residents from other counties if space is available. Cases are generally referred by the Social Services Department and hospitals. The majority of the residents are provided mental health care. Chronic runaways Severe school difficulties Breakdown of family relationships Physical and/or sexual abuse Neglect Criminal behavior One to two months is a typical residency period. Funding is provided entirely through the County Child Care Fund, which is a combination of State and County funds that are to be expended on out-of-home care of Probate Court wards. Other resources include private contributions. Currently, one of the main problems facing Harbour House is maintenance. There is no organized or preventive maintenance. This situation often leads to more frequent breakdowns and difficulty in obtaining maintenance once an item is out of commission. Future projects for the facility include structural improvements to the building to correct many of the existing deficiencies. Another proposed physical improvement is renovation of the greenhouse, which is used for therapy. The Pinecrest Home also plans to expand many of its G-44 �training for 16 persons daily. The building was remodeled in the Summer of 1991 at a cost of $35,000. The remodeling consisted of converting many of the larger rooms into smaller rooms and offices. The existing building has office space for the staff that work with patients and the Health Department's finance personnel. Future plans include new facilities and new programming. The County is actively discussing the construction of new juvenile facilities. Additional plans include implementing a greater variety of programs designed to meet the needs of the different types of youth that are typically housed in the facility. Children's Center Department of Animal Control The Midland County Comprehensive Community Corrections Plan calls for the construction of a juvenile detention and treatment facility. The juvenile facility, or Children's Center as it is called, would provide for the treatment and counseling of maladjusted young persons. Planning for in-house and community-based treatment and counseling programs would be required in advance of constructing the Children's Center in order to determine the function, size and design of the facility. As currently estimated, the Community Corrections Plan outlines a range of estimated beds for detention and treatment as follows: The Department of Animal Control is operated by Midland County for the purpose of housing stray or unwanted animals. The facility has, in addition to the area used for animal housing, office space for the Director and a lobby /office for general administration and reception. The Department has four full-time employees and one part-time employee. There are two vehicles for transporting animals to the facilities and for patrolling the County. There are plans for improvements to the facilities and expansion of programs currently offered, but implementing those changes will require additional funding and staffing. These plans include enlarging the animal sales program; offering a low-cost neutering program; formal public education; more road patrols; more separation of the animals to prevent the spread of diseases; expansion of the horse barn; and improving stormwater drainage at the facility. -Detention: 2 to 18 beds -Treatment: 10 to 32 beds -Total 12 to 50 beds Horizons Building The Horizons Building is a mental health day treatment center operated by the Midland-Gladwin Community Mental Health Services. The program receives clientele that are referred from the MidMichigan Regional Medical Center and other local agencies. Midland County Mosquito Control Facility The Horizons Building offers day programs for developmentally disabled individuals who are 18 years of age or older. The Center offers basic skills The Midland County Mosquito Control Facility is housed in a specially designed facility that was completed in February 1991. The building is situated on 17 -I ~ :~ ~ -!~ .~ G-45 ~ �paid, 125 are partially paid and 105 are nonpaid members. The only department with all paid members is the City of Midland's Fire Department. Table 43 lists the 11 departments along with information specific to each. The information was obtained by contacting the fire chiefs of each of the departments. acres of land and includes office space, a conference room, a laboratory, a lunchroom and training room, storage space, maintenance space, indoor parking for two vehicles, covered parking for eight vehicles, a truck wash, and a 30'x50' storage building. The complete operation is funded through a County millage and has four year-round employees and 25 additional employees from March through September. Midland County Road Commission County roads are maintained by the Road Commission through facilities located at 4509 North Saginaw (Midland), the City of Coleman, Jasper Township at LaPorte and Magrudder Roads and in Ingersoll Township on Brooks Road (Section 18). Principle garaging and office functions occur at the Saginaw Road location. The other facilities store one road grader and one or two trucks. A new facility is planned at U.S. 10 and Price Road in Lincoln Township. The new facilities have been designed especially for the intended use, so no plans for expansion or improvement exist. Future plans do include the expansion of the aerial application portion of the mosquito control program. Sheriff Department Emergency Services Building The Sheriff's Department maintains an emergency services building (Station 11) at 1884 N. Seven Mile Road in Jerome Township. The purpose of this building is to store emergency equipment, four boats, a rescue van with diving equipment, an all-terrain vehicle and a mobile command unit. There are currently plans to add 1,500 square feet to the building to be used as an emergency radio room. Fire Departments Midland County is provided with fire protection by 11 separate fire departments. While the fire departments are separate departments, a cooperative agreement between the departments exists to ensure adequate fire protection is provided to residents throughout Midland County. Michigan's Fire Marshall Division lists 277 fire fighters in Midland County. Of this figure, 47 are G-46 �TABLE 43 FIRE DEPARTMENT STATUS :+ota1 # Flf'8--·=-' Fire -,,. · ·' } · Department Township Edenville .. #of.t ,::: · fighters ·: · Vehicles :• . of Fires* · Future Plans 1-Pumper 2-Tankers 1-Rescue Van 1-Brush Truck 22 25 1-Pumper 1-Tanker 1-Rescue Vehicle 1-Grass Rig 4 Tumout Gear • updated protective clothing; updated radio equipment #1 • 825 Irish St. (1972) #2 • M-30 (1978) 30 2-Pumper /Tanker 1-BrushTruck 1-Reacue Van 1-Reserve Tanker 12 New tanker in 1994 3022 Jefferson 29 3-Pumper/Tanker 1-Rescue Truck 1-Brush Truck 16 Update rescue van to meet 1st response require. by 1994; more training & instrucors; personnel equip.; training 2-Pumpers 1-Tanker 1-Brush Truck 1-Rescue Truck 36 Edinville Twp. & 6 Sq. Miles of Tobacco Twp., Gladwin Co. (42 Sq. Miles) 420 Moore Street (19n) Hope Hope Township (46 Sq. Miles) 575 Hull Road (1970) Jerome Jerome Township (36 Sq. Miles) Larkin Larkin Township (36 Sq . Miles) New pumper putting spec. together Lee, Greendale, Porter (partial) townships (80 Sq. Miles) Corner of 9 Mile and Prairie Lincoln Lincoln Township (24 Sq. Miles) 1882 Hope Road converted school 15 2-Pumpers 13 Medical response unit; hoses for hydrants; more firefighters Midland Midland , Mt. Haley, Ingersoll Twp. (80 Sq. Miles) 973 Poseyville Rd. (Mid SOs) 24 2-Pumpers 1-Tanker 1-Brush Truck 1- Equip. Van 23 No equipment needs; hydrantsrequires water system Mills Mills Township (36 Sq . Miles) 2860 East Schearer 14 1-Pumper 1-Tanker 1-Brush Rig 14 More volunteers; full turnout gear; additional pumper Homer Homer Township (20 Sq. Miles) Main-1510 E. Chippewa River Rd . (Early 60s) #2-TT3 Dublin(" 60s) Aux.- Twp. Park (1986) 24 3-Pumpers 2-Tankers 1-Brush Truck 23 Replace Pumper (1958); keep current with equip and training Coleman Community Fire Dept. City of Coleman; Warren, Geneva, Wise (partial), Denver (partial) (100 Sq. Miles) 201 East Railway 0 Upgrade tankers; new rescue vehicle convert current rescue vehicle to grass rig City of Midland Fire Dept. City of Midland #1 • 816 E. Haley(H.Q.) #2 - 301 McDonald St. #3 • 1717 North Sag. Road 153 Expand prevention programs; more education; voluntary home inspections; res. sprinkler ordinanc Lee 26 2-Pumpers 2-Tankers 1-Rescue Vehicle 1-Grass Rig *Michigan Fire Service Directory SOURCE: Gove Associates Inc. (May 1991) G-47 42 5-Engine-Pumpers 1-1.adder Truck 1-Rescue Unit 1-Brush Truck 3-Cars 3-Utility Vehicles More personnel equipment; more training • ~ ~ .-.. �road bridges have been classified by the County and this is used to determine which bridges are in need of reconstruction. Actual priority or application requests are made by the individual unit of government. Maintenance programs include snow removal and minor reconstruction/ repaving. Snow removal operations use 17 snow removal vehicles (trucks and graders) and one 5,000-gallon tanker for ice control (brine spreading). First priority for snow removal is given to State highways under contract with the Michigan Department of Transportation. Midland County Jail The Midland County Jail facility is located in the City of Midland at Main and Gordon streets. Total inmate capacity for this facility is 90 inmates. A total of 17 full-time employees operate the County Jail. A study to determine the number of cells that will be required to house County inmates in the year 201 O was completed inn 1991. Plans have been made to relocate the Sheriff's Department with the Midland City Police Department. This relates to the County Jail facility since the two activities are currently located in the same building. These highways include US-10, US-20, US-18 and US-30. Primary then local roads follow in priority. All paving and construction projects are contracted. Determination of need is determined by the various municipalities in Midland County. A road rating system is being established by the Road Commission. The system will be based on traffic volumes and existing road conditions. Policy for the Road Commission is determined by a threemember Commission serving six-year terms in staggered order. The 1991 Midland County Community Corrections Plan outlines the future needs of the County in regards to adult detention facilities. Three alternate plans are given in the plan. Commissioners are appointed by the County Board of Commissioners and may serve a maximum of two terms. The Road Commission receives Federal and State funds. Additional funding is granted through a four-year, 0.45 mill levy, which was voted on in 1989 and will fund programs through 1993. Of the available taxes collected, approximately 80 percent comes from the City of Midland and 20 percent from the remainder of the County. Between 1985 and 1989 the levy was 1.0 mill. A new millage of 1.0 mills was passed in 1992. These are: 1) to build an addition to the existing jail on the existing site, 2) to build a new jail on a new site and 3) to build a new addition to the existing jail on land adjacent to and west of the existing site. The alternate facilities are summarized below. 1. Critical bridge program applications are also administered by the Road Commission. Both primary and local G-48 The ability to add on to the existing jail is limited by the size of the site. A total capacity of 141 beds can be provided, 31 less than the 172 beds projected to be needed by 2010. Total project construction cost is expected to be $3,744,591.00. The �is expected to be $45, 1355,060. Providing a parking structure in conjunction with the new jail addition would cost an additional $633,600, or $1,132,560 with amortization to the year 2010. It is highly improbable that this alternative facility would be constructed, however, as the land upon which it would be sited is now committed to a parking lot for a new downtown hotel and conference center. total cost for the additional beds through the year 2010 including construction, additional staff, amortization, and maintenance is expected to be $21,833,633 to $32,719,742 depending upon the level of staffing. This alternative also has a modified version providing for 214 beds by the year 2015. The 1992 Midland County Jail Study, Phase I report describes a 214-bed, three-level facility including space for the Sheriff's Department at a construction cost of $11,730,217. Either version of this alternative may also be modified by relocating the Sheriff's Department with the Midland City Police Department. 2. 3. Mental Health Department The Mental Health Board currently operates a mental health outpatient facility in conjunction with the MidMichigan Regional Medical Center. The facility occupies 10,000 square feet under a lease expiring in 1996. The Mental Health Board is currently planning to relocate the facility near to the hospital complex. It is the goal to design and construct a permanent outpatient facility for use by mental health programs. Space will include rooms for individual, family, and group therapy; conference rooms; records storage; and administrative offices. The new facility might accommodate substance abuse and assertive community treatment programs in addition. The new facility is expected to cost $2.5 million. A new jail can be built on a new site with a capacity of 172 beds at an anticipated construction cost of $11,591,000.00, including administrative and road patrol space for the Sheriff's Department. The total cost for the new facility through the year 2010 including construction, additional staff, amortization, and maintenance is expected to be $42,333,765.00. This alternative could also be modified by expanding a new jail facility to include 214 beds. The third alternate facility can be built for $13,119,360 without a parking structure. A total capacity of 172 beds can be provided, including 24 beds in the existing jail for work release inmates and office space for the Sheriff's Department. The total cost for this alternate facility through the year 2010 including construction, additional staff, amortization, and maintenance G-49 -II ~ ~ Ill " ~ �TABLE 44 COMMUNITY FACILITIES, MIDLAND COUNTY . . . Legend ·•·• ? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. Jasper Township Hall Coleman Fire Hall Coleman City Hall Greendale Township Hall Geneva Township Hall Warren Township Hall West Midland Family Center West Midland County Park Pine Haven Recreation Area Lee Township Hall Porter Township Hall Veterans Memorial Park Jerome Fire Station # 1 Jerome Township Hall Edenville Township Hall and Fire Station Sanford Lake Park Sanford Village Hall Jerome Fire Station #2 Lincoln Township Hall Hope Twp. Hall/Fire Station Lincoln Twp. Fire Station Homer Townshp Hall Pinecrest Home Mt. Haley Township Hall Homer Twp. Fire Station #1 Homer Twp. Fire Station #2 Midland Co. Road Commission Chippewa Nature Center Jack Barsow Airport Midland County Fairgrounds MidMichigan Regional Medical Center Midland Fire Station #3 Grace A. Dow Memorial Library Legend 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. Midland Center for the Arts Dow Memorial Gardens Midland County Courthouse Midland Township Fire Station Midland Township Hall Ingersoll Township Hall Midland Fire Station #2 Midland City Hall Midland Community Center Midland Fire Station #1 Midland County Animal Control Center Larkin Twp. Fire Station/Township Hall Mills Twp. Fire Station/Township Hall Midland Co. Road Commission Garage Manitou Park Harbour House Mosquito Control Facility Coleman Senior Services Center Sanford Senior Citizens Center Mills Community Center Larkin Senior Citizens Center Northwood University Lee Township Fire Hall Michigan Molecular Institute Sanford Museum Midland County Historical Museum Horizons Building Coleman Area Library Midland County Services Building Great Lakes Junior College Sheriff's Department Emergency Services Building The Strosacker Center Midland County Road Commission (Proposed) SOURCE: Midland County Planning Department G-50 �I GLADWIN >- I I- c:i a: z :::> 0 ' I ·r-·-- I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I u COMMUNITY FACILITIES MIDLAND COUN1Y, MICHIGAN 0 z ~ 1 -·-r-· I ' I. +-~..,_........--,...------ LEGEND ><( ..J ,,. en •• l RUHLE RO. ~..;_-+--......-i--~ ·· 0 --~,:....~-.;.:.,..r_·...,~~:-':""-t----,I , s • ~.._.,..-· .._ -I / FIRE STATIONS OTHER COMMUNITY FACILITIES NOTE: SEE TABLE 44 • PG. G-SO FOR FACILITIES . DES RIPTIONS OF COMMUNITY >z ::::, I- 0 u , f JAS~~: O. ~ . ~=-t:r---t---L--- _:. ; .l JASPER .-··· · , •• • SHEPHER j a: I ---£..·-+-I " -z "'"' 0 I RO. •1 I, l-,---1---+--<:-.,:'r---t--;-- - · - - - j ~ ENLARGED PLAN OF MIDLAND ~ CITY c:i a: u 3: ..."' z <( r l ·1-1-~L-!~~~~~~=+-~-r-iri►rit--=r-~r::"' ~=+-~.:,_-t-~:'#--~t--~""/~tt ~ ~ I: IL c:i a: a: "' .JI [;j ,,ui ITTABAW SAGINAW GRATIOT COUN TY ,..--..I ..... c:i 0:: SOURCE : MIDLAND COUNTY G <( (/) 25000 a: a: 37500 0 ' Gove . .~ssociates lnc 1601 Portage Street K& Iamai:o , Michi1an O 49001 0 �• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Trends, Patterns and Problems �• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • TRENDS, PATTERNS AND PROBLEMS areas where substantial erosion of farmlands is occurring. INTRODUCTION The updated information on population, economy, transportation, land use, housing, recreation and physical landscape has been included in the Plan. The information presented here is the result of an issues analysis of the data base contained in this report. This section addresses those issues which have been identified as having the greatest significance and impacts on Midland County's future. Analysis of Physical and - The trend of consolidating smaller farms into larger acreage farms demands analysis for impact on soil erosion rates. - There is limited knowledge of the area's groundwater, and how Mure development of the County landscape will impact groundwater quality. - Limited monitoring exists to assure groundwater protection from potential contamination sources such as landfills, septic tanks, underground storage tanks, agricultural chemical systems, among others. - It is likely that the number of environmental contamination sites will increase in the future. - Alth~ugh the air quality of the County has improved, the air quality should be monitored for its effect on the health of the residents. - Little interaction between health related agencies and the public concerning air quality occurs except at times of major emergencies. - An equitable balance which safeguards both the environment and the area's economy must be reached in the future. - Demands for floodplain management and flood insurance for the unincorporated areas of the County exist, as exhibited by the 1986 flood. Natural Environment Some of the dominant trends in Midland County that relate to the physical and natural environment include the following: - !he effects of decreasing farm incomes on the County's economy means greater pressure will be placed on other sectors of the economy in the future to produce jobs and income. The relationship between farm size and decreasing net average farm income will result in larger and fewer farm operations . - - - A decreasing per-farm value of products could impact future agricultural productivity. Futu_re ri~er use and improved water quality will require river and stream protection planning and zoning. Soil erosion of farmlands is a county-wide issue for the future of agriculture, particularly in those H-1 �Analysis of People _ The County's Emergency Services Department could take a lead role in floodplain management as part of its emergency management program. - Further trends relating to demographics in Midland County follow: _ The County's population growth and geographic distribution are not uniform. This trend can be expected to continue in the future. Preservation of archeological and historical sites should be continued and monitored. _ Low acreage devoted to commercial forestry demands further analysis for commercial forest development in the agricultural economy of the County. _ - _ The median age of the population will continue to increase due to an increasing percentage of older residents and a decreasing percentage of younger residents. This indicates an increased need for social services planning. Soil qualities indicate a need for greater prime farmland preservation. _ Wetlands and wet soil patterns indicate the need for further analysis for determining suitable/unsuitable lands for site development planning. Units of government that experienced population increases greater than 10 percent from 1980-1990 will continue to experience growth. The Comprehensive Plan is a tool that can be used to bring together and study related elements. Often these related elements are not analyzed with regards to the effect that they have on each other - due to the unintended boundaries created by having several levels of government involved. _ During the next 20 years population growth in Midland County will be high (Woods and Poole 1°992). The physical and natural environment of Midland County is influenced by countless factors, including influences from outside the County. A network that can relate information affecting the environment must exist if the environmental problems are to be addressed on a unified basis. Since the environment is a series of linked events it is essential that agencies and departments that deal with the various aspects of the environment are more closely linked. - Single parents and the higher incidence of husband and wife working will lead to increased childcare needs. - The racial mix of Midland County will remain nearly the same in the future. - The average household size will tend to decline to below 2.3 persons per household during the next 20 years, therefore future housing units will be required to accommodate smaller households. - H-2 1 l Due to the projected increases in population there will be a net increase of school-age children in the future. I 1I ~ I I I I ~ ' '- �• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • - Single parent households will continue to account for a substantial proportion of Midland County's households. Strategies designed to contend with population growth in Midland County must be developed if the quality of life is to remain high. Additional strategies must be developed to address an aging population. Since the average household size will continue to decrease, programs must be developed to assure an adequate mixture of housing will exist to accommodate the diverse needs of Midland County's residents . - Rental housing costs will continue to be higher in the City of Midland than in other areas of the County. - The median value of housing units will increase at different rates throughout the County. - Goals for housing in the County should be reevaluated and/or new programs implemented for home improvement. - Providing housing for senior citizens will become a major issue in the future in Midland County. An adequate amount of affordable housing in the County is not available for low- and moderate-income household residents. Analysis of Housing Trends relating to housing in Midland County follow: - - Major differences in housing will continue to exist between rural and urban areas. Manufactured homes will continue to be a popular form of housing in parts of the County because of their affordability. - ~any areas of the County have a high percentage of housing units built before 1939. - n:,e me~ian value of housing units will continue to be higher in and around the City of Midland than in other areas of the County. Uncoordinated housing assistance programs demand a unified strategy for addressing all aspects of housing the County's residents . Housing plays a major role in the overall quality of the life in a community. A wide range of available and affordable quality housing benefits the community. An issue that has been addressed in the past - the quality of housing outside of the City of Midland - should again be addressed. To ensure that housing in the rural areas of Midland County are not only affordable, but safe and secure, strategies should be developed to ensure opportunities are available for improving homes within the County . Rental units and multi-family housing will continue to be centered around the City of Midland . Analysis of Economy Issues relating to the economy of Midland County follow: H-3 �_ The expected increase in professionally-related jobs in the Midland community may require additional cultural activities. _ Most types of jobs will increase in numbers in the future with the exception of farm employment; transportation, communications and public utilities; and federal military. While many lesser issues exist that relate to the County's economy, the major economic influences are jobs and income disparity - which are very closely related. A principle change in the County's economy is the redistribution of jobs. Strategies need to be developed in order to prepare for the employment changes that occur. The various planning agencies, employment agencies, major employers, educational institutions, economic development agencies, social service organizations and other related individuals and institutions should establish an information network. This network should be structured to identify changes in the job market and create strategies to effectively meet these changes in the County in future years. _ Government jobs - While government employment is projected to remain the same, there will be fewer military employees, more federal civilian employees and slightly more state and local employees. _ Median household incomes vary between areas in the County from $24,000 to $41,000. _ Some areas in Midland County have median incomes that are less than 75 percent of the County's median income. _ The Midland Mall and other new retail outlets will contribute to the rate of the projected increase of retail jobs in the County. Analysis of Public Facilities _ The disparity between urban and rural household incomes presents a demand for job training, job placement and economic development planning. Issues relating to public facilities and activities follow: _ Sanitary sewers will be necessary in many areas that are not currently serviced by sewers. _ The percentage of low-income persons in the County requires analysis for social and economic equity planning. _ Public water systems will be important in many areas that are not currently adequately serviced by water. _ Use of existing industrial park capacities indicates a need for further planning of industrial parks in the out-county, as opposed to the City of Midland, as a way of improving the tax base of the rural school districts. - A more equitable distribution of neighborhood parks will be required to provide rural residents with balanced recreational opportunities. _ Roads throughout Midland County will continue to deteriorate as H-4 -I ~ I I I I ' 'I I • �• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •II • • transportation decrease. funding The Comprehensive Plan examines a variety of public facilities and services. Most of the facilities that are provided affect residents daily, so constant feedback is received that relates to the quality of the provided services. The Comprehensive Plan focuses on improving facilities that are currently inadequate. sources _ Local government will continue to have problems enforcing various local ordinances. _ The need for effective and efficient disposal of solid waste increases daily, and is a major issue requiring immediate action on long-term planning. Since sewer and water services are necessary in many areas of Midland County priorities and strategies should be established for installing these services. Growth control and opposition to annexation relate to these services since many areas that are in need of water and sewer are opposed to further growth or annexation. A system that will provide some form of autonomy, as well as services, is going to be a major issue within this planning period. _ Regional solutions to solid waste problems will require resource recovery and recycling. _ Entertainment facilities and cultural programs are necessary for schoolage children. _ Growth control in the area surrounding the City of Midland will be an issue which shapes the County land use policy in the area. Solid waste will continue to be an issue in Midland County, that will be addressed in the five-year update of the County Solid Waste Management Plan . _ Annexation surrounding the City of Midland will continue to be an issue which shapes the future. The distribution of parks and recreation facilities in the County should be balanced to serve all segments of the County's residents. Piecemeal highway and traffic flow improvement proposals indicate a need for area-wide comprehensive transportation planning analysis. - Limited bridging of the Tittabawassee River further supports the need for areawide transportation planning. - Public transportation throughout the County will continue to be nonexistent unless the public, municipalities and townships express support for the service. Rural communities need better roads but have limited funding sources. In order to use all available funds in an equitable manner, an area-wide prioritization of need should exist. An area-wide transportation planning process involving Midland County, including the Midland urban area and parts of Bay, Saginaw and other adjoining counties should be established. A five-year capital improvements program for all State, County and local roads should be prepared . H-5 �I Analysis of Public Schools Analysis of Higher Education Some of the issues relating to public schools in Midland County follow: Further educational issues relating to colleges and universities follow: - Decreasing funding sources will require the elimination and/or consolidation of many programs. - Maintaining up-to-date equipment will continue to be a costly effort for local colleges and universities. - The Midland Public School District will continue to have more dependable sources of funding than the County's rural districts. - Attracting students to local colleges and universities will become more difficult. - The disparity in the tax bases of the school districts in the County demands analysis for tax base adjustments through economic development planning and industrial plant siting. Schools are a vital element to a community's success. If a good education system exists in a community it encourages both families and businesses to locate, grow and expand. Most of the issues relating to public schools in this Plan refer to the rural school districts, but some issues relate to the Midland Public School District as well. - Attracting qualified teaching staff will remain an issue in area colleges and universities. - Delta College may require additional sites for expansion of facilities. - Decreased funding sources will cause colleges to reevaluate existing programs. - Special consideration needs to be given to students residing in remote locations of the County. Community colleges and universities are becoming a necessity for all communities. They provide not only higher levels of education to residents and nonresidents, they provide jobs, cultural amenities and training programs. Since colleges and universities are autonomous many of the issues will not be addressed in the Comprehensive Plan, but an awareness of their situation is important in establishing a working relationship. This will help create beneficial interactions between local governmental units and area colleges and universities. To effectively plan for reduced financing each school district needs to form its own strategies. Additionally, school districts should be open to joint ventures with other school districts, the sharing of facilities and the sharing of ideas. One criterion for Mure industrial sitings in the County should be those school districts that are in greater need of expanding their tax base. H-6 I I I I I I I I I I I I - • -I �• • •II II II •II •II II • •II • •II II II identification process which has produced these trends, problems and patterns, which will impact the future of Midland County. Analysis of county Facilities Some of the major issues facing Midland County government facilities follow: _ Adequate jail facilities need to be provided to serve Midland County residents in the Mure. The Goals, Policies and Strategies section in this report will further refine the planning process in implementing goals, policies and actions as defined below: _ Enlarged animal shelter facilities and public education will be required in the Mure. Issues identify areas of concern of county-wide significance. _ Adequate juvenile detention and treatment facilities and programs need to be provided to serve Midland County's youth and families. - Goals indicate what is to be accomplished on each issue . Policies indicate what is to be done to achieve each goal and agency responsibility. An emergency operations center should continue to be evaluated to serve the County residents . - Future County facilities will require site location analyses and a County land assembly program. - Since County park land acquisition deficiencies have been met, future planning should concentrate on a park land development program . - Continued County capital improvements programming demands County long-range financial management planning of government revenues and expenses. Strategies (or actions) refer to specific implementation measures and strategies. Conclusion The foregoing trends reflect those issues which have surfaced in the comprehensive planning process, which have long-range planning implications on Midland County. The planning process has narrowed the issues to the most relevant concerns presented herein. The data base analysis resulted in the issue H-7 �• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Goals, Policies and Strategies �• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • - GOALS, POLICIES AND STRATEGIES FOR THE FUTURE Land Use This section presents the goals, policies and action statements reflected in the information presented in the prior sections of this Plan report. The goals and policies have been developed based on an analysis of comprehensive planning data and interviews with local, County and State officials. The issues presented in the prior sections generally correspond with the housing, transportation, community facilities, economic, land use and environmental planning elements of the Comprehensive Plan. The policy and action statements present specific methods for implementing comprehensive planning in the County. The recommended policies are stated in an obligatory sense, not in a mandatory manner. ■ Issues are areas of concern which have been identified within the County, which the County Planning Commission believes requires some manner of attention. ■ Goals are broad statements identifying what is to be accomplished under each topic. ■ Policies are statements which identify what is to be done to achieve each goal, as well as the responsible agency. ■ Strategies are statement(s) specifying measures identified to implement a policy. 1. Random Development ~: On-site wastewater can cause random development patterns, because buildings must locate in areas where soils are suitable for on-site disposal. ~: Identify areas potentially unsuitable for on-site wastewater disposal, and discourage high density development in these areas, while encouraging more appropriate land use alternatives. Policy: The Midland County Health Department, in cooperation with local units of government, should implement the policy of restricting development in areas unsuitable for on-site wastewater disposal in order to discourage high density or related inappropriate development. Strategies: • Use the data contained in this Plan report to identify areas potentially unsuitable for on-site wastewater disposal for the general public, municipalities and County Planning Commission. 2. Floodplain Development Issue: Limited development has occurred within the 100-year floodprone areas of the major rivers, thus subjecting said development to the potential of flooding, as well as potentially impacting the capacity of 1-1 �I on the Midland County Economic Development Strategy (No. 38) and Economic Diversification (No. 39). The issue of Planning of County Government Facilities (No. 21) was addressed by the Midland County Planning Commission in 1987 by preparing the County's first report on County facilities entitled County Facilities Master Plan, May 1987. This report was followed by the updated report entitled County Facilities Master Plan - 1990 Update, October 1990. The County Facilities Master Plan provided impetus for preparing a County Capital Improvements Program, a policy on maintaining and replacing County motorized vehicles, and a County facilities preventive maintenance program. To promote interest in implementing the Prime Farmland Preservation policy (No. 29), the Midland County Planning Commission sponsored a county-wide workshop in October 1986 on "Preservation of Agricultural and Forested Lands." Implementation of the land use policies was limited; however, the Midland County Planning Commission sponsored countywide workshops on "Futuring" (1989) and "Planning and Zoning in Your Community" (1990) to promote interest among the municipalities and townships to prepare and update their community master plans. Land Use Issues - Key land use issues included: 23. Random Development Resulting From Poor Soils 24. Location of Industrial and Commercial Development 25. Floodplain Development 26. Land Use Compatibility Between Governmental Units 27. Regional Commercial Center Location 28. Economic Development Sites 29. Prime Farmland Preservation 30. Conflicts Between Residential/NonResidential Development 31. Residential Development in NonUtility Areas 32. Soil Erosion General Planning Issues - Key general planning issues included: 33. Urban Amenities in Rural Locations 34. Private Sewage Systems 35. Midland Urban Growth Area (MUGA) Policy 36. Air Pollution Control 37. Stream System Use 38. Midland County Economic Development Strategy 39. Economic Diversification 40. Coordinated Management of County Offices 41. Planning Effort by Local Governmental Units 42. Groundwater Protection The Midland County Economic Growth and Development Corporation (formerly the Midland County Growth Council) continued its efforts in implementing the policy on Location of Industrial and Commercial Development (No. 24) and the Economic Development Sites policy (No. 28) in conjunction with the policies Implementation of the Stream System Use policy (No. 37) was carried out by the Midland County Parks and Recreation Commission in cooperation with the Midland County Planning 1-21 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I -I I I �• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • - ~ : To achieve a coordinated and efficient set of regulatory and administrative processes throughout the County related to the splitting of lots, access to land parcels, and control of subdivision design and development. Strategies: • Prepare and distribute to land owners information concerning erosion problems and erosion control methods in cooperation with local units of government. • Preparesample/modelstandards for codes and ordinances. Policy: The Midland County Plat Board, in cooperation with local units of government and the Midland County Planning Commission, should promote and ensure a legal, coordinated, effective and implementable set of regulations for guaranteeing land access, and implementing subdivision and lot split controls at the local level. • Increase the level of on-site field assistance to land owners. • Develop and/or expand programs whereby landowners employing erosion control practices are given public/media recognition . Strategies: • Develop economic incentives to promote soil erosion control. • Collect and compare regulations and procedures adopted by each local governmental unit pertaining to lot splits, land access and subdivision controls. • Whe_ re feasible, incorporate erosion control standards in development regulations such as zoning ordinances. • Develop a "model" set of regulations for land access, subdivision development and lot splits for local units of government. • Ens~re that the provisions of Public Act 34 7, the Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Control Act are being properly enforced. ' 5. Land Access, Subdivision and Lot Split Controls • Encourage local units to adopt the model regulations and provide technical assistance as needed for appropriate response to requests; provide a periodic review to determine consistency problems. Issue: There is a general lack of effective regulatory and administrative controls to ensure adequate and reasonable access to land parcels, as well as efficient controls for the splitting of lots and design and development of subdivisions. 6· Small Watershed Planning Issue: The quality of the surface and ground water within the County is partially dependent upon the 1-3 �I 7. quality of the smaller watersheds and subdrainage basins. The lack of monitoring and regulating of the watersheds and basins can result in unwanted surface and ground water contamination and/or soil erosion and sedimentation. Growth Management ~: The municipalities and townships in Midland County lack sufficient growth management techniques to implement comprehensive development plans. Goal: Ensure an environmentally safe, small watershed and drainage basin system within the County. ~ : Encourage the formulation and adoption of minimum uniform standards and regulations throughout the County governing land use and community development. Policy: The Midland County Soil and Water Conservation District, in cooperation with the Midland County Planning Commission, should establish a coordinated program to encourage local units of government to protect and improve the small watersheds and drainage basins within their jurisdictions. Policy: The Midland County Planning Commission, in conjunction with the County, local municipalities and townships and planning, building and zoning officials, should develop model growth management techniques governing the use and development of land, natural resources, water, air, infrastructure, community facilities, economic development, and public services. Strategies: • Define the boundaries of small watersheds. • Encourage local units of government to form a consortium to inventory and study small watersheds within the County and recommend remedial or protective actions. Strategies: • Prepare report on necessary and desired growth management techniques for implementing County, municipal and township comprehensive development plans. • Notify local units of government of available public/private funds for protective remediation and enhancement of small watersheds and subdrainage basins. • Formulate model housing codes, river protection overlay zoning standards, land access regulations, subdivision ordinances, lot split ordinances, floodplain management regulations, special use regulations, planned unit development standards, site plan • Establish a county-wide contamination and soil erosion monitoring program for small watersheds, drainage basins. 1-4 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ,I I I �• • • • • •I I I I I I I I I I I I I model County River Protection Plan . review procedures, and other growth management techniques deemed necessary for implementation of comprehensive development plans, for adoption by the County, municipalities and townships. 8. Stream System • Prepare/update municipal zoning ordinances and maps in accordance with the municipal river protection master plans and model County river protection overlay zone regulations. Use Community Facilities Issue: The Tittabawassee, Chippewa, Pine and Salt rivers and Sanford and Wixom lakes have been identified as significant for scenic and recreational use, yet many local comprehensive plans/zoning ordinances do not recognize these systems for such use, nor protect them. 9. Consolidation/Coordination of Public Services ~ : Better utilization of existing County and local resources would maximize the costs of providing services, such as fire, police, parks, utilities, housing, transportation, and minimize operational inefficiencies. ~ : Encourage local communities to consider as part of their planning process, the scenic and recreational value of the County's major water features. The implementation of guidelines/controls governing river /lake development should be encouraged. Goal: Develop a management system capable of coordinating both County and local service delivery, to achieve optimum efficiency in providing quality services. Policy: The Midland County Board of Commissioners, through the Controller-Administrator. and in cooperation with local units of government, should take the lead in investigating potential revenue savings from improved coordination and consolidation of public services. Policy: The Midland County Parks and Recreation Commission. in conjunction with the Midland County Planning Commission, should encourage those townships that contain, or border upon rivers within the County, to consider the spirit, intent and regulations of the recently completed Midland County River Protection Plan recommendations. Strategies: • Promote the possibilities of coordination/consolidation at the County and local level. Strategies: • Prepar~/ update municipal master plans 1n accordance with the • Investigate the privatization of some public services. 1-5 �1 • Work to implement the program and schedule contained in the Solid Waste Management Plan. 1O. Solid Waste Resource Recovery and Disposal ~ : The disposal of solid waste is a continuing and increasing County concern. A special problem is the siting of a long-term disposal facility. • Establish a public education program and promote public awareness of the immediate need to select a solid waste recovery and disposal facility process and proceed with implementation of a designed facility. Goal: Implement an efficient, costeffective, integrated waste management system capable of meeting the diverse needs of Midland County, under the MONA (Michigan Department of Natural Resources), Public Act 641 requirements. • Provide method of funding. 11. Intergovernmental Planning of Utilities Issue: There is a need to prepare long-range plans for water and sewer service in areas outside the cities. Policy: The Midland County Board of Commissioners should maintain an integrated waste management plan capable of meeting the diverse needs of Midland County. The Midland County Solid Waste Management Advisory Board should develop and manage an implementation program and schedule. ~: Provide a coordinated program of water distribution and sanitary sewerage planning. Policy: The Midland County Board of Commissioners, in cooperation with local units of government, should evaluate the long-range needs addressing county-wide water distribution and sanitary sewerage. Strategies: • Encourage the creation/ expansion of the recycling market. Strategies: • A~s~ss . the county-wide water d1stnbut1on and sanitary sewerage needs in an area-wide plan with recommendations. • Budget for ongoing coordination of solid waste management planning. • Budget for professional management consulting services and advice on managing the implementation of the plan. • Prepare an area-wide water and sewer plan dealing with needs for improvements, financing and responsibilities. 1-6 I I I I I I I I I I I I I -I I ~ �• • • • • • •I -I I I I I I I I I I • Evaluate foundation funding for the plan, as well as implementation. • Coordinate the area-wide plan with the land use plans of the townships, cities, village and County to guide development to appropriate areas . 13. County Financial Planning Management 12. School District Cooperation ~ : There is a lack of long-range financial management planning for major capital improvements and for projected revenues and expenses for County services, capital improvements, and facility operation. ~: Due to changes in secondary school enrollments and decline in funding, the public, and possibly the private, school systems should evaluate coordination of cooperative efforts to provide for maximum education opportunities in an efficient manner. .GQ.ru: Provide for a mechanism for a coordinated, efficient program for spending public resources. Goal: Encourage cooperative/ coordinated efforts between various school systems in Midland County. Policy: The Midland County Board of Commissioners, in conjunction with the Controller-Administrator, should develop and adopt shortrange (1 year) budgets and longrange (6 years) improvement programs to define capital and an operating expenditures and revenues. Policy: A task force of the Bullock Creek, Coleman, Meridian, and Midland public school districts should develop a cooperative/ coordinated analysis of current and future school programs and facilities. Strategies: Strategies: • Solicit short- and long-range budgetary needs from various County departments and agencies. • Explore the possibility of creating an umbrella oversight committee to undertake a study of possibilities and guide the process. • Provide for the review and input of the proposed departmental capital budgets by the County Planning Commission in relation to planning analyses, project evaluations, and County development plans. • Prepare a strategic plan outlining how facilities, resources and programs could be shared in a most efficient manner among Midland County schools. 1-7 �1 • Develop and adopt a social services delivery plan to reflect projected demands and available resources. • Develop and adopt a county-wide short-range and long-range financial management plan of revenues and expenses, and incorporate the plan into the County annual budgeting process. Housing 15. County Housing Planning • Annually review and amend the County financial management plan. ~ : Housing opportunities need to be provided for Midland County residents of low to moderate income. 14. Social Services Planning Issue: Changing population and household characteristics will require continuous changes in the provision of social services within the County. Goal: Encourage a county-wide housing mix which provides housing opportunities to accommodate all economic levels of income and lifestyles. Goal: Ensure an equitable provision of social services within the County that will functionally address the needs of qualifying individuals and households while discouraging access to public service programs by those who have viable economic and social options. Policy: The Midland County Planning Commission, in cooperation with the Midland County and City housing commissions, should develop a county-wide housing plan which addresses the county-wide housing needs. Policy: A consortium of key social service agencies should establish a human services delivery system that wiil maximize the combined resources of public and private institutions and organizations. Strategies: • Reassess housina needs data on a five-year basis- via a countywide housing needs analysis. • Evaluate methodologies and programs to increase owneroccupied units in the County. Strategies: • Inventory and evaluate the efficiency of existing social service providers and programs. • Formulate model codes for local units to use to maintain and improve the County's housing stock. • Establish a consortium of service providers to forecast and evaluate future social service needs within the County. • Prepare a county-wide housing plan which identifies measures for implementation. 1-8 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I • • • I �• • • • •II • •II •II 11· II , ", , 17. Access Management/Corridor Development • Explore th~ establishr,:ient of a vehicle for 1mplementat1on of the housing plan, such as a nonprofit housing corporation. ~: Proper investigation and planning is necessary to assure that future development is consistent with the land use access and transportation needs of Midland County, along its major transportation corridors. • Consider forming a City-County housing trust fund to finance housing . Transportation 1s. North-South Circulation ~: Preserve and protect personal safety, while maximizing access to property, and providing for the needs of through traffic. ~ : West of Midland to Oil City, north-south highway circulation patterns are inhibited by lack of through traffic routes. Policy: The Midland County Planning Commission, in conjunction with the Michigan Department of Transportation, Midland County Road Commission and the City of Midland, should prepare corridor studies of use, future development and traffic/ access controls for M-20, Saginaw Road and other major thoroughfares. ..G.Q.al: Develop improved northsouth vehicular routes thereby facilitating greater efficiency of traffic movement within and through Midland County. Policy: The Midland County Road Commission should investigate, and implement as appropriate, improvements to the County's north-south vehicular circulation system, based on an area-wide comprehensive transportation analysis and plan. Strategies: • Organize a joint steering committee for the process. Strategies: • Seek funding for committee. • Prepare report on analysis of problems with recommended solutions. • Prepare report on M-20 corridor land use and traffic service for the State, County Road Commission and municipalities. • Include County transportation needs in the County Road Commission's capital improvement program (CIP). • Prepare report on Saginaw Road corridor land use and traffic service for the State, County Road Commission and municipalities. • Budget annual capital expenditures within CIP. 1-9 �1a. Area-wide Comprehensive Transportation Planning • Prepare report on analysis of street and highway needs data. Issue: Midland County lacks a longrange (20-year) area-wide transportation plan for community and economic development. • Prepare an area~wide tra~c analysis including traffic generation data, origin and destination study, and traffic flow assignments. Goal: Prepare an area-wide comprehensive transportation plan and capital improvements program of State, County and local roads, streets and bridges in Midland County including the Midland urban area. • Prepare report on critical_ bridges and historical data on bridges. • Prepare report on a long-range (20-year) transportation plan for all modes of travel including streets and highways, public transit, rail, air, and nonmotorized transportation. Policy: The Midland County Planning Commission, in conjunction with the Michigan Department of Transportation (MOOT), Midland County Road Commission and City of Midland, should prepare an area-wide comprehensive transportation plan and capital improvements program dealing with the County's transportation needs, problems and solutions. • Prepare report on a short-range (5 year) capital improvements program. 19. Bicycle and Pedestrian Trafficways ~ : Midland County lacks a longrange plan for bicycle and pedestrian trafficways. Goal: Prepare a comprehensive plan and capital improvements program directed at bicycle and pedestrian trafficways. Strategies: • Incorporate the north-south circulation and bicycle and pedestrian trafficways policies (Nos. 16 and 19), including public transit, rail and airport planning needs, into the area-wide comprehensive transportation planning process. Policy: The Midland County Road Commission, in conjunction with the Midland County Parks and Recreation Commission, should prepare a comprehensive plan and capital improvements program directed at bicycle and pedestrian trafficways. • Formulate an area-wide transportation steering committee, which might include a representative of the Midland County Emergency Services Department. 1-10 �Strategies: Policy: The Midland County Economic Growth and Development Corporation, in cooperation with the Midland County Planning Commission, local municipalities, industries, businesses and public school districts, should identify and promote commercial and industrial development at those locations offering the greatest potential for success. ~ • Incorporate the County's rails-totrails program into the bicycle and pedestrian trafficways policy. • Report on origins (bicyclists/ users), destinations (attractions/generators) and needs (trail types/ corridors). • Report on a long-range (20-year) plan. Strategies: • Report on a capital improvements program. • Encourage planned industrial and commercial parks to locate where services are available and where site location standards indicate. • Report on a coordination program with County and City streets and highway planning, and County and City parks and recreation planning. • Promote planned industrial and commercial parks in the Bullock Creek, Coleman and Meridian public school districts. • Seek State financing assistance from the Michigan Department of Transportation. • Utilize P.A. 425 to share tax base. • Promote communications and cooperation between the municipalities and County economic development and planning agencies. Economic Development I l I I I I I I 20. Location of Industrial and Commercial Development Issue: Based on recent projections, the amount of acreage needed for new industrial and commercial development is relatively limited. Competition between communities for that development is likely to be keen. 21. Agricultural Economy Issue: The agricultural economy of Midland County appears to be in decline due to decreasing farm income, per-farm value and value of croppage. ~: Promote commercial and industrial development in areas meeting the necessary site criteria thereby offering the highest potential for success. Goal: Encourage the stabilization of the County's farm economy. Policy: The Midland County Cooperative Extension Service, in cooperation with the Midland County 1-11 �Strategies: Economic Growth and Development Corporation, should determine the current and forecast needs of the agricultural section of the County economy and formulate programs to address those needs. • Prepare an analysis of current and future job opportunities, wage levels, job growth segments and training/education programs and requirements in Midland County. Strategies: • Formulate a strategy to target higher paying job categories to promote job growth in Midland County. • Work with the Soil Conservation Service and Farmers Home Administration to define the needs for the stabilization of the local agricultural economy. • Conduct a target market analysis for Midland County business to identify growth areas in business and resultant job creation. • Evaluate how the Midland County Planning Commission can, through traditional planning methods, assist the farm economy. Environment 23. Private Sewage Systems • Input agricultural stabilization mechanisms into other planning initiatives/issues during implementation. Issue: The lack of public sanitary sewers requires reliance on on-site disposal. This may result in groundwater and surface water contamination problems as development increases. 22. Labor Force Issue: The types of job opportunities for Midland County residents will continue in manufacturing as well as government and service related jobs, creating a continued demand for qualified, skilled labor. Goal: Carefully regulate development in nonsewered locations in order to protect groundwater resources. Policy: Local governmental units should carefully regulate development in nonsewered locations as a way of protecting groundwater resources. Goal: Determine the future "human resource" needs of the Midland County residents. Policy: The Midland County Economic Growth and Development Corporation should explore the labor force needs of Midland County employment centers. Strategies: • Administer and enforce municipal and township codes and ordinances in accordance with plan 1-12 •II •II •II II • • • �I I I I I I I I I I I I I - of clean water for residential and commercial purposes. policies/ actions and County Health Department regulations. Goal: Protect local groundwater supplies/ aquifers from contamination. 24. Air Pollution Control ~ : The Michigan Department of Natural Resources has indicated that industrial air quality monitoring in Midland County does not adequately assess exotic pollutants. Policy: The Midland County Health Department, in cooperation with local governing bodies, should develop and implement groundwater protection measures and should monitor suspected problems areas. Goal: Provide an adequate and accurate system capable of measuring and interpreting local ambient atmospheric emissions/ conditions resulting from industrial processes. Strategies: • Report on groundwater resources/hydrogeological conditions in the County. Policy: The Midland County Health Department, in cooperation with Environmental Protection Agency, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, major manufacturers and industries, should monitor local atmospheric conditions pursuant to industrial emissions. • Report on assessment of groundwater problems and the impact of large users drawing down the water table. • Report on a groundwater protection management plan, including protection measures and a monitoring system. Strategies: • Encourage growth and development away from airborne particulates. • Establish priorities for monitoring suspected groundwater contamination areas, such as existing municipal landfills, closed dump sites, wells and abandoned gas stations. • Monitor the situation for change in conditions. • Develop a local education/ awareness program. 26. Environmental Management Planning 25. Groundwater Protection Issue: While there is a recognition that the potential for environmental contamination exists within the County, there is no integrated program to address existing and potential contamination in a comprehensive manner. ~: Local communities have stressed the need to protect groundwater from contamination in order to ensure long-term supplies 1-13 �implemented and politically and financially acceptable to the public and private sectors. ~ : Establish a comprehensive county-wide plan to define and address existing and potential air, surface water, groundwater, soils, noise and visual pollution. • Solicit voluntary compliance and require mandatory compliance when necessary. Policy: The Midland County Board of Commissioners should commission the Midland County Planning Commission, in conjunction with the Midland County Health Department and other public and private sector organizations, to develop a comprehensive environmental management plan and program. Planning Information. Coordination and Implementation 27. Municipal and Township Master Plans ~ : Lack of consistent and timely update of local master plans has resulted in housing units and other types of development being constructed in rural areas without the benefit of planned coordination with public utilities, services and transportation. Strategies: • Solicit interest from selected groups (e.g., County Health Department, Dow Chemical Company, Michigan Department of Natural Resources) to participate in defining the intent and scope of a comprehensive environmental management program. Goal: Encourage local units of government to develop and/or update comprehensive plans in coordination with the County Comprehensive Plan. • Undertake an inventory and evaluation of current environmental contamination conditions (including P.A. 307 sites) and project the potential for future contamination/ pollution. Policy: Local governmental units should provide facilities and services commensurate with sound land and growth development policies. • Develop a county-wide environmental management plan addressing the issues of air, water, soils, noise and visual pollution. Strategies: • Establish a county-wide hazardous materials management program. • Encourage local planning commission review of public works in accordance with adopted master plans. • Prepare/update/adopt master plans and community facilities plans. • Develop a comprehensive environmental management program that is capable of being 1-14 • • • • • • • • • • • • • �I I I I I I I I II II II II II • •II II documents necessary to properly guide growth and development. 28. Local Plann1ng Information ~ : There is currently a lack of available resources in the County to support local planning efforts. Policy: The Midland County Planning Commission should advise local communities on the need to prepare and maintain necessary planning and zoning documents. ~ : Promote coordination and consistency among local governmental units through leadership of the County Planning Commission. Strategies: Policy: The Midland County Planning Commission should be a source of information to local units of government for master planning. • Make recommendations on updating master plans in the context of conducting township zoning coordination reviews. Strategies: • Workshops on preparing/ updating municipal master plans, zoning documents and developing current standards. • Provide current geographical information maps. • Evaluate innovative approaches tried in other areas in Michigan and the Nation (e.g., performance standards, land development codes). • Provide current socioeconomic data. • Continue County Planning Commission review of local plans to ensure coordination with the County Comprehensive Plan. 30. County-Wide Geographic Information System (GIS) • Provide educational resources for local unit planning processes. Issue: There is no computerized mapping system established at a county-wide level that provides for accurate, detailed representation of resources and developed features and which can be easily updated as needed. 29. Planning Effort by Local Governmental Units Issue: Community master plans and zoning ordinances vary markedly in format, depth of information and consistency with current law. Some communities do not have current comprehensive plans. Goal: Establish a geographic information system at the County level that will meet the application needs of staff and on-line departments. Goal: Encourage local communities to prepare and maintain those 1-15 �31. Formulation of Other Planning Elements Policy: The Midland County Board of Commissioners should develop and implement a county-wide GIS system that can be used for accurate mapping, retrieval and modification of geographic components related to land use, zoning, public works (drainage, roads), utilities (sewer, water, energy transmission), site design, property valuation and tax assessment, census data, traffic volumes, and other community development factors. Issue: As described in the Midland County Strategic Planning report, the Planning function of County government will be called upon to provide the Controller-Administrator and Board of Commissioners with more data for thoughtful decisions. ~: Provide financial and professional staff support to strengthen County planning efforts. Strategies: Policy: The Controller-Administrator and Midland County Board of Commissioners should provide additional financial support, and technical and professional staff to adequately support the County Department of Planning, Midland County Planning Commission, and other cooperative planning-related bodies to carry out comprehensive planning data analyses, development plans and planning implementation programs. • Conduct a GIS feasibility analysis. • Establish a GIS program under the coordinated leadership of the County Department of Planning and the County Department of Information Systems. • Inventory the GIS needs of each County department to determine required extent and capacity of proposed system. Strategies: • Work with a GIS professional to construct and implement a GIS program for the County, responsive to the needs of each department. • Provide funding and administrative support for permanent technical and professional planning staff. • Educate the County Department of Planning and County Department of Information Systems in the application and updating of the GIS system. • Provide funding and administrative support for hiring special, professional consulting firms to augment the permanent planning staff engaged in special projects. • Continue to evaluate the operation and efficiency of the County GIS system. 1-16 • • • • • • • • • • • • • �I I I I I I I I I II I II II •II • • • • Assist in recommending specific textual changes in P.A. 282 of 1945 pertaining to required intergovernmental cooperation. 32. Intergovernmental Coordination for Planning Issue: There is currently no existing mechanism requiring intergovernmental coordination for planning among the various State, County and local governmental agencies. This results in a substantial gap in project information available to the County Planning Commission for consideration and inclusion in planning decisions and recommendations. 33. Structure for Implementing Comprehensive Plan the ~: The County Planning Commission is not capable or empowered to implement the wide variety of functions identified in the County Comprehensive Plan. establishment of for requmng coordination of County. Goal: Identify or provide for an organizational structure(s) within the County that will be able to implement, or at least promote, the proposals identified in this Plan. Policy: The Midland County Board of Commissioners, in conjunction with the Midland County Planning Commission, should promote state enabling legislation to empower county planning commissions to coordinate federal, state and local agency planning activities and require such agencies to submit plans for such coordination. Policy: The Midland County Board of Commissioners, in conjunction with the Controller-Administrator and the Midland County Planning Commission, should establish a strategic program at the County level to identify specific organizations and a structure responsible for implementing specific Plan recommendations. Strategies: Strategies: • Actively lobby with the Michigan Association of Counties (MAC), Michigan Chapter of the American Planning Association (MAPA) and Michigan Society of Planning Officials (MSPO) to amend the County Planning Act (P.A. 282 of 1945) to require County notification and coordination of various agency planning activities . • Encourage the involvement of identified units of government, public/private nonprofit organizations, businesses and interested individuals in the implementation program. Goal: Promote the a mechanism intergovernmental planning within the • Assign organizations/individuals to specific proposals and work with them to develop a series of strategies for each proposal. 1-17 �Home and Modular Home Regulations (No. 3) was implemented by the Midland County Planning Commission by publication of model standards governing the use, construction, and placement of mobile and modular housing. The standards are contained in the Planning Commission's report entitled Study of Mobile & Modular Homes in Midland County, Michigan, January 1989. • The County Board of Commissioners should lead the implementation program and support the efforts of the County Planning Commission. • Provide for a system of monitoring the progress made by participants. Implementation of 1987 Comprehensive Planning Policies The preparation of housing studies in 1991 by Wilkens and Wheaton Engineering Company for the Midland County Housing Commission and the City of Midland do relate to the Affordable Housing issue (No. 1), but a housing plan still remains to be prepared. The results of the two studies are presented in the reports entitled Affordable Housing Study for the OutCounty Area of Midland County. December 1991; and Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy, City of Midland, November 1991. Upon identifying planning issues in 19851987, the Midland County Planning Commission and other public bodies started promoting the implementation of certain policies addressing key issues of county-wide significance. Although there were several specific issues (42), major implementation efforts were directed at issues dealing with housing standards, affordable housing, traffic data, County highway planning, public transit, consolidation of public services, County offices, solid waste resource recovery and disposal, planning of County government facilities, economic development, river and stream preservation, and coordinated management of County offices. A description of the implementation of policies dealing with these issues follows: To generate interest in the County Housing Planning issue (No. 5), the Midland County Planning Commission sponsored a county-wide workshop in October 1988 on "Midland County Housing Needs." Transportation Issues - Key transportation issues included: Housing Issues - Key housing issues included: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Traffic Data 7. North-South Circulation 8. Public Transit 9. M-20 and Saginaw Road Corridor Development 10. County Highway Planning 11. Bicycle and Pedestrian Trafficways Affordable Housing Preservation of Housing Mobile Home and Modular Home Regulations Elderly Housing Needs County Housing Planning None of the housing policies were fully implemented except the policy on Mobile 1-18 • • • • • • • • • -- �I I I I I I I I ' '• • II 1111 Ill II ~ comprehensive plan and capital improvements program directed at bicycle and pedestrian trafficways. The acquisition of the County linear park properties within the abandoned CSX Railroad right-of-way by the Midland County Parks and Recreation Commission for nonmotorized transportation purposes does relate to this issue, however. A traffic count program was initiated in 1989, addressing the Traffic Data issue (No. 6), as part of the Midland County Road Commission's report entitled Midland County Long-Range Transportation Plan, 1991, December 1991. This report also addresses the NorthSouth Circulation issue (No. 7) and County Highway Planning issue (No. 10). The County Highway Planning issue (No. 10) will be re-addressed in implementing a new policy on area-wide comprehensive transportation planning. To promote the undertaking of an area-wide comprehensive transportation plan for Midland County, the County Planning Commission sponsored a county-wide workshop in October 1992 on "Comprehensive Transportation Planning" and the Federal lntermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991. Community Facilities Issues - Key community facilities issues included: 12. Midland Urban Growth Area (MUGA) Policy 13. Historic Sites, Identification and Preservation 14. Consolidation of Public Services 15. County Offices 16. Recreational Funding for Property Acquisition and Facility Development 17. Meeting Recreation Needs: Resident versus Tourist 18. Solid Waste Resource Recovery and Disposal 19. County Drains 20. Adaptive Reuse of Schools 21. Planning of County Government Facilities 22. Water Supply Without Consideration of Public Sewers Considerable promotion of the Public Transit policy (No. 8) was given by the Midland County Board of Commissioners but implementation of a county-wide public transit system failed due to lack of support by the City of Midland and the townships. As a means of promoting the implementation of the M-20 and Saginaw Road Corridor Development policy (No. 9), the Midland County Planning Commission sponsored a county-wide workshop in October 1991 on "Highway Corridor Management Planning." In cooperation with the Bicentennial Committee and the Midland County Parks and Recreation Commission, the Midland County Historical Society initiated the marking of historical sites (Issue No. 13) in the County. Although there was discussion by the Midland County Road Commission and Midland County Parks and Recreation Commission regarding the Bicycle and Trafficways issue (No. 11), there was no implementation of the policy for a Of major importance to the County, the Midland County Board of Commissioners initiated implementation of the policy on Consolidation of Public Services (No. 14) in conjunction with the policy on 1-19 �I January 1986. As an update to the earlier waste-to-energy feasibility study, the Midland County Board of Commissioners participated in a Clean Michigan Fund-financed study, which was published in two reports: Phase I Feasibility Study: Waste-to-Energy in the East Central Region of Michigan, October 1986; and Phase II Feasibility Study: Waste-to-Energy Feasibility Study for Bay, Gladwin, Isabella, & Midland Counties, April 1987. These implementation efforts were followed by the updating and adoption by the Midland County Board of Commissioners of the report entitled Solid Waste Management Plan, Midland County. Michigan, October 1988. Professional management consultants were then hired by the County to assist the Midland County Board of Commissioners in the administration and implementation of the Solid Waste Management Plan. This lead to contractural agreements between the City of Midland and local jurisdictions for use of the City's landfill for waste disposal. Later the Midland County Solid Waste Management Advisory Board, responsible for coordinating implementation of the Solid Waste Management Plan, was created. While these various implementation efforts were being pursued, the Midland Volunteers for Recycling, Inc., a nonprofit corporation, was created. A public education program was developed and expansion of voluntary recycling ensued. Coordinated Management of County Offices (No. 40). The results of the Board's work are contained in the following documents: Coordination of County Services, Report of the Midland County Task Force on Local Government and Services. January 1990; Strategic Planning Report. Midland County, Michigan, September 1991; and the Board of Commissioners' Transition Team's reports which lead to the creation of a Controller-Administrator position for managing County government services. At the time the County Comprehensive Plan was being prepared, the Midland County Planning Commission addressed the issue of County Offices (No. 15), looking at the deficiencies within existing housing spaces and sites for County offices and recommending needed improvements. The results of the study are contained in the report entitled Comparative Evaluation of Midland Office Facility Alternatives. August 1986. Various efforts were pursued in the implementation of the Solid Waste Resource Recovery and Disposal policy (No. 18). Upon initiation by Midland County Board of Commissioners, Bay, Gladwin, Isabella, and Midland counties participated in a waste-to-energy feasibility study. The results of the study are contained in the report entitled Solid Waste Disposal System Feasibility Study for Bay, Gladwin. Isabella and Midland Counties. December 1985. This study was followed by the report entitled A Development Plan for a Volunteer Recycling Program for Midland County, Michigan, September 1986. Toe Midland County Planning Commission then prepared the report entitled Solid Waste Facility Regulations for Midland County, The Adaptive Reuse of Schools issue (No. 20) was addressed in part by the Midland Public Schools Board of Education, although no overall consolidation of space occurred throughout the County. 1-20 •I • • • • • • • �I I I I I I I I I I I II II II 23. Random Development Resulting From Poor Soils 24. Location of Industrial and Commercial Development 25. Floodplain Development 26. Land Use Compatibility Between Governmental Units 27. Regional Commercial Center Location 28. Economic Development Sites 29. Prime Farmland Preservation 30. Conflicts Between Residential/NonResidential Development 31. Residential Development in NonUtility Areas 32. Soil Erosion • •Ill The Midland County Economic Growth and Development Corporation (formerly the Midland County Growth Council) continued its efforts in implementing the policy on Location of Industrial and Commercial Development (No. 24) and the Economic Development Sites policy (No. 28) in conjunction with the policies Ill Ill on the Midland County Economic Development Strategy (No. 38) and Economic Diversification (No. 39). The issue of ; Planning of County Government Facilities (No. 21) was addressed by the Midland County Planning Commission in 1987 by preparing the County's first report on County facilities entitled County Facilities Master Plan, May 1987. This report was followed by the updated report entitled County Facilities Master Plan - 1990 Update, October 1990. The County Facilities Master Plan provided impetus for preparing a County Capital Improvements Program, a policy on maintaining and replacing County motorized vehicles, and a County facilities preventive maintenance program. To promote interest in implementing the Prime Farmland Preservation policy (No. 29), the Midland County Planning Commission sponsored a county-wide workshop in October 1986 on "Preservation of Agricultural and Forested Lands.N Implementation of the land use policies was limited; however, the Midland County Planning Commission sponsored countywide workshops on "Futuring" (1989) and "Planning and Zoning in Your Community" (1990) to promote interest among the municipalities and townships to prepare and update their community master plans. Land Use Issues - Key land use issues included: General Planning Issues - Key general planning issues included: 33. Urban Amenities in Rural Locations 34. Private Sewage Systems 35. Midland Urban Growth Area (MUGA) Policy 36. Air Pollution Control 37. Stream System Use 38. Midland County Economic Development Strategy 39. Economic Diversification 40. Coordinated Management of County Offices 41. Planning Effort by Local Governmental Units 42. Groundwater Protection Implementation of the Stream System Use policy (No. 37) was carried out by the Midland County Parks and Recreation Commission in cooperation with the Midland County Planning 1-21 �I I I I I I I I Commission. The work involved is contained in the report entitled Midland County River Protection Plan, November 1991, which provides a model master plan and zoning regulations for the municipalities and townships to use in preserving river and stream corridors. Implementation of other general planning policies was limited, except the Coordinated Management of County Offices policy (No. 40). This policy was broadened by the Midland County Board of Commissioners and combined with the Consolidation of Public Services policy (No. 14) to include all County offices in addition to those departments and agencies responsible for housing, transportation, community facilities and land use. • • • The Midland County Planning Commission also sponsored a county-wide workshop in October 1987 on "Groundwater Protection Management Planning" to promote interest in implementing the Groundwater Protection policy (No. 42). 1-22 �I I I I I I I I I I I - Comprehensive Plan �I I I I I I I I I I I -II - COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Land Use Recommended Future Land Use This section describes the existing land use pattern in Midland County and forecasts land use distribution patterns for the future. As the County's population grows there will be a demand for more homes, commercial uses and employment opportunities. Careful planning for these uses can help ensure cost-effective services and an attractive living environment. The Comprehensive Land Use Plan map (Map 17) depicts the following major land use classifications. Other subcategories of land use are described as guidelines for purposes of municipal and township planning. Agricultural Land The Michigan Resource Inventory System (MIRIS) is a computerized mapping program that depicts land uses and natural resources within counties, based upon aerial photographs and ground checking. The MIRIS maps for Midland County indicate that agricultural land uses, for the most part, coincide with the Important Farmlands map identified in the 1987 County Comprehensive Plan. Comparison of both maps also indicate sections, particularly along the northern portions of the County, that are considered to be important farmlands but were not used for agriculture when the MIRIS inventory was performed. There are also locations, particularly in the center of the County, where croplands and pasture lands exist which are not considered important farmlands. Overall, there are almost 98,600 acres of cropland, representing over 29 percent of the County's land area and more than 2,800 acres of permanent pasture, comprising 0.8 percent of the County. The townships that are most oriented to agriculture are Warren, Geneva, Jasper, Hope, Homer, Porter, Mt. Haley, Larkin and Ingersoll. The primary agricultural use in these townships is cropland and, in most cases, these lands have been designated as agricultural by local governmental units in their land use plans and zoning ordinances. Existing Land Use The evaluation of the existing uses of land is necessary in order to estimate future need. The land use figures used in this Plan are consolidated from land cover /use information made available by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources through the Michigan Resource Inventory System (MIRIS) (see Table 45). The land cover/use data is displayed on Map 15. Table 45 provides a comprehensive breakdown of land use types for each of the County's political jurisdictions according to MIRIS data, which is based on 1978/1979 aerial photographs and subsequent field checking. Almost 92 percent of the County is devoted to "rural" uses such as agricultural and forested lands. Approximately eight percent is devoted to more intensive "urban" uses including housing, commercial and industrial development. The City of Midland (while housing 50 percent of the County's population) contains over 35 percent of the County's combined residential, institutional, commercial and industrial land use acreage. J-1 �>-- I- z ::, 0 (.) EXISTING LAND USE MIDLA D COUNTY. MICHIGAN 0 z ~ LEGE ND ~ rn ~ MUL T I-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL I __ i __ _ ···°'•·······1 ,,I I L >Iz ··1· -· >z ::, ::::> I- (.) 0 0 ~ INSTITUTIONAL • INDUSTRIAL ■ AIR ■ CEMETERIES ~ CROPLAND □ UNDEVELOPED / RURAL RESIDENTIAL TRANSPORTATION (.) s Ou RC E: <{ _J _J MICHIGAN LAND INFORMATION SYSTEM 1979 0 6250 12500 25000 37500 w ~ (/) Gove Associates Inc 1601 Portage Street Kalamuoo, Mic:L.iaan ◄9001 0 �-------- ---111111111:WlllaWI ta . . TABLE 45 EXISTING LAND USE (ACRES) Low Density Residential 796 3 .5% High Density Residential 30~ 1.3% Hope Homer 441 1.9% 1,746 11 .5% ' Ingersoll Jasper 300 2.0% 83 , 3 .5% 0 forome 297 1.3% Larkin 1,084 4.9% Lee 1,112 5 .1 % Lincoln 1,22< 5.3% Mt. Haley Midland Mills 651 4.3% soc 10.9% 572 2 .3% Porter 543 3.5\{ Coleman Midland SJnfo(d City City Village rrot.ala Warren m 549 .8% 2.4% ( 0 C C ( C ( 0 0 C C C -- - neg -- C -- C - - - - - - - - - - - 275 41.6% 5,008 28 .5% 23f 24 .1% 16,959 5.0% 4 .6% 115 .6% C - 124 neg. IC 9 3( .2% 10 . 1% 12 .1% 59 .3% 39 .2% 23 . 1% 6 . 1% 16 . !% - .1% 469 2 .7% soc - 25 3 .8% 34 - 6C .1% C neg . 15 .1% C neg . 3 .5% .2% 142 .6% II neg . 45 105 .7% 12 . 1% 41 1 1.8% 18 .!% 371 1.7% 332 1.5% 145 .6% 313 2.1 % 541 7.3% 43 .2% 73 .2% .5% 72 .3% 21f 1.0% 20 3 . 1% 2,418 13 .8% 25 2.5% 5,315 1.6% 20 . 1% 6 neg . 18 .1% 105 .7% 11 . 1% 23 . 1% 7 neg . 67 .3% 2( . 1% 44 I. .2% neg . 21 .3% 25 . !% .I% 11 neg 102 .5% 2 .3% 669 3.8% 42 4.3% 1,204 .4% 90 .4% 4 neg . 0 17 . 1% 6 neg . C C - - . 1% 43 .2% 0 - 78 .4% C - 75 .3% C - - 14 2. 1% 832 4.7% 4~ 4.9% 1,211 .4% 28 .1% 53 .2% 112 45 0 0 198 .9% .4% 1,24( 16.8% 4 neg 0 .5% 251 1.7% 0 - 74 .3% 95 .3% 8 neg . 113 .5% - - 433 1.9% 14 2.1% 1,02, 5.8% 4S 5.0% 3,741 1.1% Agricultural 4,096 17.9% 8,649 37.4% 1,246 5 .4% 3,667 24.2% 6,583 43 .4% 16,541 70.5% 11,54, 50.0% 1,759 8.0% 8,22C 37.5% 2,709 11 .8% 2,255 14.8% 2,241 30.4% 2,771 11 .3% 8,766 57.4% 10,49, 45 .7% 9,376 41.7% 175 26.5% 88 1 5 .0% 35 3 .6% 102,0U 30.0% Forest Lands 13,268 57.8% 12,18C 52 .7% 18,372 79 .5% 6,703 44 .2% 5,712 37.7% 4,096 17.5% 9,37f 40.6% 13,568 61.9% 9,098 41.6% 15,421 67 .0% 8,56( 56 .3% 1,323 18 .0% 16,271 66 .3% 4,563 29.9% 8,929 38.9% 8,736 38.8% 2~ 4.2% 3,496 19 .9% 257 26.2% 159,95') 41.l % 1,600 6 .9% 257 1.1% 354 1.5% 234 1.5% 326 2 . 1% 403 1.7% 341 1.5% 1,595 7.3% 861 3 .9% 627 2 .7% 1,392 9 .2% 44 .6% 2,27f 9.3% 389 2 .5% 1,151 195 .8% C - 181 1.0% C 5.0% - 12,222 3.6% 582 2 .5% C 0 217 1.4% Sli 3 .7% 10 neg . 50 .2% 49 .3% 34 .5% 3 neg 0 - 30 .2% 0 .3% 2 neg. C - 221 1.5% 59 - - - 215 1.2% 17.9% 2,465 .7% 2,33( IO.I% 1,648 7.1% 2,509 10.8% 2,275 15.0% 1,98, 13 . l % 1,061 4.5% 1,433 6.2% 2,353 10.7% 1,999 9. 1 % 2,655 11.6% 1,699 11 .2% 1,10, 15 .0% 10.4% 905 5.9% 2,083 9.1% 2,883 12.8% 104 15.7% 2,285 13 .0% 7S 8.0% 33,953 9.9% 23,121 23,112 15,153 15,164 23,452 23,09' 21,911 21,89, 23,01( 15,19' 7,361 24,534 15,278 22,983 22,501 661 17,595 981 339,969 Commercial Industrial Institutional 'I Greendale Edenville Geneva Land Use C 9 17 Parks/Open w'Space Trans, Comm & Utilities Wetlands Water Bodies Undeveloped Nonforcstcd Land Totals 22,96 4 Notes: neg. - negligible acreage SOURCE: Michigan Dcpanmen1 of Natural RelOUrces Current Uae Inventory Acreage Report (Based on 1978/79 aerial photography). C - 2,55t C - rn �~ is based on the application of the County's 1978/79 acres per unit rate multiplied by the projected growth in housing units estimated over the future years (Table 50). This category is created to recognize the substantial economic and land use impacts agricultural uses have on the County. For identification purposes only, farming operations exceeding 40 acres should be placed within this category. Farm residences are included only if part of an active farming operation and located on a parcel greater than 40 acres. The Plan delineates four residential classifications: Rural Residential, Residential, High Density Residential and Mobile Home Park. Within the County there are approximately 124 acres of medium to high density multiple-family housing units, primarily within the City of Midland. This represents a little over 0.03 percent of the County's total acreage. At the same time, there are about 16,600 acres, or 4.9 percent of the County, devoted to single-family and duplex residential development, mostly within the City of Midland and emanating westward along major County roads and local roads. The 40-acre division is appropriate, given the 1987 Census of Agriculture information that indicates that the majority of the farms within the County exceed 50 acres. Agricultural/Small Farm - As the character of farming changes and more people become involved in farming on a parttime basis, more as a hobby than a primary or even single source of income, there is a need to set aside smaller parcels for such activity. These "hobby" farms should be large enough to reasonably accommodate farm production activities, yet smaller than the acreage needed to operate a commercial farmstead. Typical farm activities, such as the raising of livestock and crop production, would be allowed on a limited basis. Because these farm operations would be considered as hobbies, they could occur on marginal farmlands in any of the townships in the County, outside of municipalities (Coleman, Midland and Sanford). Residential Land As Table 46 depicts, there is a substantial variation in the anticipated future distribution of residential land use throughout the County. Overall, Midland County should add over 16,000 (or 25 square miles) acres of residential development to its inventory over the next 25 years. The City of Midland will account for about 33.5 percent of that growth. The majority of growth outside the City of Midland, will occur in the County's western and northern townships. Specifically, the following change in residential acreage, based on population projections, is projected for each township: Residential Acreage Requirements (Table 46) - This table combines both low and high density development needs. The table projects that Midland County will require 16, 116 additional residential acres (roughly 25 square miles) by 2015. This Edenville +489 Geneva +232 Greendale + 287 Homer +1,947 Hope +333 Ingersoll +768 J-4 Lee Lincoln Midland Mills Mt. Haley Porter +933 +787 +872 +459 +479 +174 • • •I I I �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II II I - Jasper +175 Jerome + 1,03? Larkin +883 Warren +516 Coleman City + 345 Midland City + 5,400 These figures are based on arithmetic caJculations and do not represent actual conditions. TABLE 46 RESIDENTIAL ACREAGE REQUIREMENTS (Low and High Density) Based on 1978/79 Acres/Unit as Applied to Projected Housing Need .·.·.-•• -.-.·❖:❖:❖: ❖:•:-:- TgwnshllUi Edenville ·-·-·.·--.-.. ·•. ·... ·•·•·••• ■11111lii1C!l~ii,1 796 912 .87 304 441 412 866 303 1,015 1,355 .74 995 410 405 535 443 1.00 528 528 815 1,751 1,471 1.19 1,557 1,853 630 2,680 3,800 Hope 300 549 .55 558 307 425 640 Ingersoll 832 297 943 .80 984 787 1,115 1,555 .70 385 270 355 445 .82 1,478 1,312 1880 2,515 1.10 1,803 1,193 1,635 2,195 Geneva Greendale Homer Jasper Jerome* Larkin 1,320 1,112 383 1,604 1,010 Lee 1,225 1,090 1.12 1,395 1,562 1,875 2,495 Lincoln 651 547 1.19 658 783 1,045 1,570 Midland Mills 800 572 812 836 1,700 550 828 671 1,215 467 .99 1.22 830 1,130 Mt. Haley 543 503 1.08 570 616 790 1,095 Porter 188 358 .53 399 211 280 Warren 549 622 .88 658 579 785 385 1,095 Cities Coleman Midland 279 536 .52 526 275 416 620 5,123 13,790 .37 15,338 5,675 7,980 11,075 c~um~ 17,083 26,355 .65 29,343 18,904 25,356 35,020 *Includes Vdlage of Sanford SOURCE: U.S. Census of Population and Housing Summary Reports, 1980 and 1990; Gove Associates Inc. J-5 �Each jurisdiction should review its master land use plan to determine if it has enough land planned for residential use (single-family, multiple-family, mobile home park) to accommodate these forecasted additional acreages required. water only. The lots along the lake in Edenville Township are not improved with either water or sewers. U.S. 10 and Michigan Highway 20 are also routes along which strip rural residential development occurs. Rural Residential - Rural residential indudes those areas identified for residential development where public sewer and/or water is not available or anticipated during the Plan period. Such locations are typically distant from the County's urbanized sectors and comprise the majority of land area within the County. Rural residential is often found in close proximity to the County's agricultural areas. Residential - The residential classification, sometimes referred to as urban residential, reflects areas either served by public sewer and/or water, or indicates locations where these utilities are potentially available. Lot sizes are generally one acre or less, and contain single-family or duplex residential units. The residential classification encompasses full service utility areas, such as the cities of Coleman and Midland, to outlying townships where utility service has been planned but may not be currently available. In cases where utilities will not be developed for an extended period, local communities should consider the sizing of lots commensurate with their ability to supply quality groundwater while also handling wastewater. The rural residential category indudes residences on parcels from .10 acres to less than one acre. This density of development is recognized because of the nature of nonfarm residential uses. This type of development often occurs when individuals divide larger parcels for residents seeking a rural living environment. The lack of utility service will also dictate somewhat larger parcels for water and sewer provisions. Much of the existing rural residential development occurs in a linear configuration along rural roads that follow section lines, particularly in the central/southern portions of the County. Homer, Jerome, Larkin and Lee townships, ,along with Midland Township contain the majority of rural residential land uses found within Midland County. Sanford Lake is surrounded by relatively higher density residential land uses. Although these units are on smaller lots (approximately 1/4 to 1/2 acres), they are not improved with sewer and therefore are considered rural residential. The lots along Sanford Lake in Jerome Township are served with High Density Residential - While the residential classification is limited primarily to urban built-up areas with utilities existing or planned, and consists of single-family and two-family housing, the high density residential classification would consist of properties containing three or more units and be restricted to areas with existing sewer and/ or water systems. This currently limits such development to the City of Coleman and the City of Midland and, · if approved by the County Health Department, the Midland County Water District No. 1. In effect, the high density residential classification is a subcategory of the residential classification. Within this J-6 �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I '- category, there are 120 acres of low-rise multi-family development and almost four acres of high-rise multi-family housing, primarily within the City of Midland. The restriction of higher density residential development to urbanized, full service utility areas (the cities of Midland and Coleman) makes sense from an environmental, access and service standpoint, and those types of units should continue to be restricted to those urban areas. Such residences could also be located in the Midland Urban Growth Area once utilities become available. measure of future need. Table 48 is based on the relationship of the commercial market to spending. As population and sales increase, the need for additional commercial development also increases. The tables indicate a range of 746 to 1,519 acres, or an average of 1, 132.5 new acres by the year 2015, given the estimated commercial acreage existing in 1980. Mobile Home Park - This is another residential land use subcategory. The nine mobile home parks in the County, two of which are located in Lee Township adjacent to M-20, encompass over 21 0 acres, or 0.06 percent of the County's land area. Aside from those parks in Lee Township, the majority of mobile home parks in the County are located within full utility service areas (the City of Midland, or the City of Coleman), or within the defined Midland Urban Growth Area. Since mobile home parks are a relatively higher density land use, it is preferable to locate them within utility service areas or, as an alternative, in locations with soils that are capable of accommodating on-site waste systems, are not prime for agricultural use, and are compatible with surrounding land uses. The County should encourage the placing of mobile homes in parks rather than on individual lots. Community Commercial - This Plan identifies a number of locations as community commercial. These areas primarily exist to serve the day-to-day needs of localized populations (less than 30 minutes away). Typical uses include gasoline service stations, grocery stores, restaurants and other small retail establishments. Limited office development may also be found. Several of the centers, such as along M-20 and at the US-1 0 interchanges, also serve motorists traveling through the County. Community commercial uses should be located in planned centers, off major roads, as opposed to strip commercial areas. Commercial areas delineated by the Plan generally coincide with existing commercial development. The size of a community commercial center may vary, but normally does not exceed five to 10 acres. In many instances, these centers encompass only the corner lots of highway intersections. There are over 800 acres of community commercial development within the County including the City of Midland, which contains the majority of commercial land use within the County. Commercial Land Commercial Acreage Requirements (Tables 47 and 48) - This table estimates future commercial acreage needs. Table 47 applies the 1978/79 per capita allocation of commercial land to projected population growth as a J-7 �TABLE 47 COMMERCIAL ACREAGE REQUIREMENTS (Per Capita) Based on Population Growth and Using 1978/79 - Allocation of Acre/Person for Each Jurisdiction •:< Jurisdiction 1978/79 Acres Per Capita •· Projected Estimated 1978/79 i 2015 2000 1990 Acreage Townshigs Edenville Geneva Greendale Homer Hope Ingersoll Jasper** Jerome* Larkin Lee Lincoln Midland Mills Mt. Haley** Porter** Warren .005 .008 .012 .007 .008 .004 0 .014 .018 .012 .014 .003 .011 0 0 .009 10 9 15 30 10 12 0 .017 .013 25 469 13 10 20 15 12 23 38 12 14 14 44 84 11 16 73 74 53 29 9 20 19 14 20 21 378 28 604 12 8 18 30 10 11 11 64 65 60 59 39 23 6 16 0 0 17 48 25 7 18 17 14 16 16 86 61 34 10 23 22 16 23 Cities Coleman Midland 1,064 .011 756 800 Countx *Includes Village of Sanford -Projection based on average of .01 commercial acres/person countywide (excluding Cities of Midland and Coleman) and 1990 Census of Population. SOURCE: 32 700 1,215 MIRIS; U.S. Census of Population (1980); Gove Associates Inc. (Projections based upon Woods and Poole (1992) TABLE 48 COMMERCIAL ACREAGE REQUIREMENTS Based on Retail and Service Sales/Establishment Year 1982 1987 1990 2000 2015 Population 73,992 75,029 75,651 91,280 105,730 Total Sales* $363,452,000 $451,019,000 $527,468,275 $986,066,805 $2,202,687,790 Establishments 790 765 790 1,064 1,675 Acreage 932 903 933 1,259 1,988 *Constant dollars with no increase for inflation. 1990, 2000 and 2015 total sales based upon rate of increase between 1982 and 1987. Number of establishments based upon increased sales/establishments between 1982-1987 and calibrated to calculate number of establishments for 2015. Projections are based on Woods and Poole (1992) . SOURCE: U.S. Census of Retail Trade: 1982, 1987; U.S. Census of Service Industries: 1982, 1987; U.S. Census of Population: 1990. J-8 �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 'I - the community commercial designation, is designed to accommodate the immediate needs of urban residents being within a generalized circumscribed area (such as a six- or eight-squareblock residential district). In the rural sections of the County, neighborhood commercial uses are primarily located in agricultural areas and serve a market radius of two to three miles. Typical uses within this classification would include small independent grocery stores, gas stations, small sit-down coffee shop/restaurants, grain and feed stores and similar uses. Size, as well as type, of activity is also a defining characteristic of neighborhood commercial activities. A neighborhood commercial area could consist of a single small store on a one- or two-acre (or larger) site containing several smaller retail/service facilities. They should be located in planned centers, off primary roads, preferably at or near intersections, on sites that can efficiently serve a population of about 2,000 to 4,000 persons. Aggregations of neighborhood businesses within a center, with common off-street parking, is a desirable alternative to separate, scattered neighborhood commercial uses. Such centers should be strategically located within the rural portion of the County, serving a radius of two to three miles and covering four to eight acres. commercial development within the County including the City of Midland, which contains the majority of commercial land use within the County. This Plan attempts to recognize viable community commercial locations. It is possible that unexpected population growth, changing consumer habits and preferences, or other factors may result in the demand for additional centers. Locational include: criteria for new centers - Demonstrated need based on market demand. - Compatibility with opment. adjacent devel- - Location on designated arterials or collectors as opposed to local streets. - If possible, linkage to public utilities. If not, sites must be capable of supplying potable water and handling wastewater discharges. - Suitable location within the trade area (or market population) to maximize potential for success and reduce travel time and energy costs for consumers. - Suitable access to fire, police, rubbish collection and other municipal service. Office - This is a subcategory of the community commercial land use classification. Office space can range from a single small one-person facility to a complex of office buildings. In many instances, buildings of a certain primary use (e.g., industrial or retail commercial) may contain office space, but are not classified as office because the majority - Potential for growth. Neighborhood Commercial - While community commercial activities are intended to serve the general community in which they are located, neighborhood commercial, which is a subcategory of J-9 �of the building is devoted to the primary use. The City of Midland contains most of the office space within the County. The proximity of offices to easy accessibility, adequate parking and complementary services are important factors in defining the best location for office space. Optimally, offices should be concentrated within existing urban areas (i.e., downtowns), to provide a resource for increased retail commercial activity within central business districts. If feasible and beneficial to the upkeep and maintenance of the neighborhood, older dwelling units on the perimeter of the central business district could be converted to office space. In rural areas, offices should be located in central locations for easy accessibility and efficiency by placing complementary businesses within close proximity to each other. design and operating standards that will mm1m1ze negative impacts upon surrounding land uses and traffic flow. General Commercial - Whereas community commercial land uses are designed to serve the entire community, and neighborhood commercial activities are intended to serve more local needs, general commercial land uses are designated as activities that are not contained within a planned shopping area but located individually or in "pockets" throughout the community. General commercial land uses may consist of a wide variety of activities that are not within the central business district, or in regional shopping centers or neighborhood centers. Such stores may serve both neighborhood and community-wide markets. Typical general commercial businesses include auto dealers, contractor's yards, building suppliers, and similar businesses. These businesses should be limited to designated areas and have measurable While the importance of the City of Midland as a regional center remains strong, growth since the mid-1970s has resulted in new commercial development occurring along the perimeter of the City and into the surrounding townships. Such growth is especially evident in the vicinity of Larkin Township where a major shopping center has recently been completed on Eastman Road near U.S. 10. Regional Commercial - It should be recognized that some areas act, or may act, as shopping districts for persons outside the immediate area. Generally these centers will have large "anchor" stores and serve larger populations. Available shopping opportunities will be of a type that will attract customers from distances of about 30 minutes driving time. A regional center provides a full range of comparison shopping and includes general merchandise, clothing, furniture, appliances, specialty stores, automotive centers, and similar establishments. Regional centers attract consumers from a wide trade area. Outlying growth is anticipated to continue with many of the traditional commercial functions relocating from the City to the growth areas. Accordingly, the County Regional Commercial Center has been designated in an area just north of U.S. 10 in the City of Midland and Larkin Township. The City, however, remains intrinsically linked to the center. J-10 �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I - TABLE 49 INDUSTRIAL ACREAGE REQUIREMENTS PER CAPITA Based on 1980 Per Capita Allocation of Industrial Acres For Each Jurisdiction •.· :::--: :-::::::·::. :;::,::;: i Jurisdiction .. : ..[1978/79 \Acres Per · ti Capita•-/ .. ·•:•. :::: ... •1s1~11s . Estimated · •· : ·•. - Acreage 1990 • ·• ...... •,•,:: :-:-::•:•·· ·.· -Projected 2000 • 2015 TQwnshiR§ Edenville Geneva Greendale .002 .004 .004 .006 .004 .001 .002 .002 .009 .002 .041 .135 .003 .003 .007 .030 5 5 5 27 5 4 3 7 29 6 67 323 5 5 9 55 5 5 6 27 5 4 3 9 32 8 74 323 5 5 8 55 5 5 7 32 6 4 3 10 37 9 86 394 5 6 10 66 6 6 8 37 7 4 3 12 43 10 100 457 6 7 11 76 .014 .062 20 2,286 20 2,345 23 2,881 27 3,337 Sanford .019 16 17 21 24 CQ~nty .039 2,881 2,956 3,610 4,181 Homer Hope Ingersoll Jasper Jerome* Larkin Lee Lincoln Midland Mills Mt. Haley Porter Warren Cities Coleman Midland Villages *Does not include Village of Sanford. SOURCE: Midland County; 1980 & 1990 Census of Population; Gove Associates Inc. J-11 �increase in industrial jobs. It is possible to guide industrial employment by promoting new business start-ups as well as expansion of existing industries. This can be accomplished by establishing the appropriate "environmentM for entrepreneurial development in the County. Within that framework, this Plan recommends additional or expanded development for entrepreneurial "start-up" businesses and for business expansion within or adjacent to the City of Coleman, in Ingersoll and Midland townships, such as along Gordonville Road, and adjacent to the Village of Sanford, as well as within or adjacent to the City of Midland. In those locations without existing community sewer or water utilities, such as along M-20 in Lee or Greendale townships, new industrial development should be required to construct adequate water and sewer systems approved by the County Health Department. Industrial Land Industrial Acreage Requirements (fable 49) - This table estimates Mure industrial acreage needs. Table 49 is based on 1978/79 per capita allocation of industrial land to projected population growth. Table 49 estimates that 1,300 additional acres of industrial land will be needed county-wide by the year 2015 (over 1978/79 acreage). This calculation is based solely on the ratio of industrial acreage to population in each jurisdiction at the time the MIRIS inventory was conducted. Since some of the townships did not have any .industrial land in 1978/79, a constant of "5" acres was assigned to Edenville, Geneva, Greendale, Hope, Mills and Mt. Haley townships for the purpose of projecting future industrial land acreage requirements. Projections for the other units of government were based on the 1978/79 actual acreage. New industries desiring to locate in the County will analyze numerous site, labor and political factors. Knowledge of these can be beneficial to the County and local units of government as they delineate industrial areas and/or seek to attract new industries. They include: As of 1978/79, about 2,881 acres of land in the County were devoted to industrial use. By 2015, it is estimated that 4,181 acres (or about 6.5 square miles) of industrial land will be needed in the County, a 45 percent increase in land area over 35 years. This Plan calls for Midland County's industrial land base to primarily remain within existing industrial areas and expand within certain school districts (because of the desire of certain school districts to increase their tax base through industrial development). The industrial and commercial goal and associated action calls for promoting planned industrial and commercial parks in the Bullock Creek, Coleman and Meridian public school districts. This is in agreement with the Woods and Poole employment projections that project an • Community acceptance • Transportation logistics - access to freeway, rail and air • Power supplies, including adequacy and costs • Water supplies, including raw and municipal water • Natural gas supplies • Raw material proximity J-12 �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 'I Coleman and Meridian public school districts. • Market proximity • Permitability, including environmental and zoning permits Public Land • Utility purchase costs The public land classification consists of land holdings under public and quasipublic ownership, including institutional properties and lands in a natural condition. These encompass State forest lands and various County and other nondeveloped municipal holdings. • Land availability and costs • Sanitary Sewerage • Waste disposal opportunities, sanitary sewer, including hazardous wastes Over 50 percent of the County's institutional acreage is located in the City of Midland. This consists of County and City administrative facilities, the Grace A. Dow Memorial Library, the MidMichigan Regional Medical Center, parks, public and private schools, the Midland Community Center and other similar facilities. Because the City of Midland will continue to be the commercial employment and cultural center of the County, and is also projected to retain about 50 percent of the County's population through the year 2015, the majority of institutional acreage in the County will likely remain in the City of Midland. Most townships have recently remodeled their meeting facilities (township halls) or constructed new administrative facilities. Aside from local parks, the only facilities operated by several townships are maintenance/ storage buildings. It is not likely that new local public facilities, aside from the parks recommended above, will be required over the next 25 years. • Labor supply and labor relations • Local support services • Local development incentives, including tax abatement New industrial development should be sited in those locations lending themselves to such development. Light Industrial - Light industries (those that have minimal impact upon surrounding land uses) are more flexible in their location standards and criteria than basic (heavy) industries. Light fabrication and assembly operations that are completely enclosed with little or no negative air, noise, vibration or visual impacts upon surrounding areas do not have to be subject to the number and type of local restrictions, including concentration in designated industrial sites, as do heavier industries. It is, however, desirable to aggregate light industries in specified locations to better coordinate associated truck traffic, oversee environmental impacts, and in general provide better coordination of uses and services. This Plan advocates the placement of planned industrial and commercial parks in the Bullock Creek, The County Facilities Master Plan - 1990 Update identifies improvements to, or development of, 13 County facilities: Animal Control Center education room, Children's Center, County Jail, Courthouse exterior restoration, J-13 �of the County where local public recreation facilities do not exist, such as Jasper, Ingersoll, Edenville, Mt. Haley, Geneva and Hope townships. Municipal and township parks should be developed either as joint ventures, or independently, in those townships to serve the residents of those jurisdictions. Courthouse maintenance and storage shed, Emergency Operations Center, County Linear Park development, Manitou County Park development, Mental Health outpatient facility, Pine Haven Recreation Area development, Sanford Lake County Park picnic pavilions and storage building, and Veterans Memorial County Park picnic pavilion. The total estimated cost of these improvements is over $25 million, in 1990 dollars. Natural Conservation Area - Natural features areas, consisting of forested lands, wetlands, rivers, streams and lakes account for approximately 175,000 acres, or 51 percent of the County's total area. The majority (91%) of those natural features are forests, with about seven percent wetlands and two percent as water bodies. Of the forested areas, about 37,000 acres (23%) are under State forest lands, mostly in Edenville and Geneva townships in the northern and western portions of the County. Parkland - Overall, there are 21 major township /village/ city parks in the County totalling 1,551 acres. The County owns or administers eight parks, including the CSX Railroad right-of-way for development of a linear nonmotorized transportation trail. Several proposed County park improvements have been described in the Public Land section above. These include the Pere Marquette Rail-Trail linear park, which will require a master development plan; Manitou Park on Chippewa River Road in Lee Township, which is presently improved only with picnicking and parking facilities and which will also need a master plan for development; Pine Haven Recreation Area on Maynard Road in Jerome Township, west of Sanford Village, for which a master plan will be required; Sanford Lake County Park improvements, consisting of two new picnic pavilions and additional storage space for vehicles and equipment; the construction of two picnic pavilions at Veterans Memorial County Park near the Village of Sanford. Wetlands are located throughout the County and typically follow rivers and streams. Map 16 identifies those wetlands. Major existing conservation/natural resources facilities open to the public include the Chippewa Natural Center (866 acres in Homer and Midland townships adjacent to the Chippewa River) with easy access from the City of Midland and the Pine Haven Recreation Area in Jerome Township. The County has the opportunity to acquire 325 acres of State forest land to comprise the Pine Haven Recreation Area through a land swap. The majority of this area would be used for trails for cross-country skiing, mountain biking and nature interpretation. The County's 1988 Recreation Plan acknowledges the importance of the river system to the history of the County, Although this Plan indicates an adequate amount of recreational acreage exists to accommodate existing and projected populations, there are geographical areas J-14 �>-- 1- z ::> 0 u 0 NATURAL FEATURES z i a... IL._ MIDLAND COUNTY MICH!GAN _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ __j 1 i ~ 1 LEGEi\lD CONFINED FEEDING FORESTED f - WETLANDS s CUR CE : MICHIG,,N l.AND INFORMATION 0 6250 12500 SYSTEM 1979 25000 37500 Gowe Associa1tes !Jtllco i6Dl Portage Ka.la.muoo, S1breet Michigan -d90O1 �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I including Indian encampments, early pioneer settlements, mineral exploration and lumbering. Consequently, that plan recommends the establishment of a ''Trail of Histort for archeological and historical interpretation. _ The site contains unique or abundant natural resources, such as unusual flora and fauna, plant or tree species which are indigenous to the area but in a concentration or density that makes the area unique. Overall, the County should identify key natural and archeological sites, such as the Kawkawlin Wildlife Flooding and Refuge Area in Mills Township, and work with local interested organizations and the State to preserve those sites, while at the same time opening them up to public access in a manner compatible with preservation. Existing natural conservation areas are identified on Map 16. The tour currently designated natural conservation areas provide substantial opportunity for public access for natural study and recreation. These areas are primarily located in the northern and eastern sections of the County, particularly in or near the City of Midland, providing easy access to the majority of the County's residents. Using National Recreation Association standards of eight acres of natural area per 1,000 persons (as identified in the Midland County 1988 Recreation Plan), the County should have 846 acres of natural/conservation lands open for public use by the year 2015. Between Pine Haven Recreation Area and Chippewa Nature Center, there are almost 1,200 acres of natural area available for public access in the County. However, other natural resource areas of significance may also exist and these should also be preserved for public access and enjoyment. Such areas should be carefully evaluated and selected, using relevant criteria to identify and rank potential sites. That process could include the following criteria: _ The site contains only limited manmade facilities associated with the operation of the natural conservation area (e.g., picnic areas, canoe launch, etc.) _ The site can be reasonably accessed by automobile, and adequate parking can be provided at the designated entrance to the area. _ The site can accommodate hiking trails without major modifications to the terrain, water courses, or plant species. _ The site is on existing publicly owned land (e.g., the Au Sable State Forest), or owned by a nonprofit entity willing and able to make the site available for public access. _ Access should be free of charge. River and Stream Preservation Corridors The County's river and stream corridors are considered significant water resources. These are made up of the Tittabawassee River watershed and its three subwatersheds - the Chippewa, Pine and Tittabawassee. Since these watersheds are interjurisdictional, they require a coordinated effort among jurisdictions, not only within Midland County, but also among the various counties in the watershed to ensure the quality of water in these subwaterJ-16 �uses such as pumphouses, docks, bridges, decks/ gazebos, boathouses, trails, etc. In effect, the natural vegetation strip would provide a protective barrier between more intense, contamination-prone activities and the adjacent body of water. sheds. Map 2 identifies the County's river corridors and drainage basins. Map 16 shows wetlands and forested lands associated with the rivers and streams. Sedimentation and chemical contamination have been major sources of pollution of the three river systems in the County, although the levels of toxic chemicals has decreased in recent years. Fishing continues to be a popular recreational activity along the three rivers, and the County recreation plan calls for the pursuit of a system of canoeing and fishing access sites along the County's rivers. It also calls for collaborating with local units of government to initiate appropriate zoning along river corridors to prevent degradation of those rivers. As a complementary planning policy, the Comprehensive Plan also calls for the adoption of floodplain management regulations. Townships that adopt effective regulations for controlling development within the 100-year floodplains would be eligible to enroll in the National Flood Insurance Program, thereby providing insurance benefits to property owners. Since local zoning is under the jurisdiction of each township and municipality within the County, adoption and incorporation of the River Protection Plan's recommendations into local zoning ordinances, as well as appropriate enforcement, is up to the individual units of government. The County should continue to encourage local jurisdictions, especially those with rivers, stream corridors and major drainage systems within their boundaries, to review and adopt the River Protection Plan's recommended ordinance language or modify it (within reason) to meet their particular needs. Nonmotorized Transportation Corridor The Plan map designates the abandoned CSX Railroad right-of-way as a Nonmotorized Transportation Corridor for such users as bicyclists, hikers, walkers, runners, horseback riders and crosscountry skiers. The corridor would be developed and managed as prescribed in a corridor development plan. Other corridors should also be included in the County Comprehensive Plan when a county-wide bicycle and pedestrian trafficway plan is formulated. The County recently commissioned a River Protection Plan intended to provide model provisions for controlling land uses and activities adjacent to river corridors within the County. Those provisions apply to four major categories: water quality, scenic preservation, recreation/ access and protection of sensitive environments. The River Protection Plan recommends an overlay zone be applied to properties along rivers, natural streams and County drains. Within that overlay zone, it is recommended a SOfoot wide natural vegetation strip be required. Uses allowed within the buffer strip would be limited to river compatible Synopsis Overall, the Comprehensive Plan attempts to coordinate land use changes J-17 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I facilities; and designates and preserves natural areas while opening them up judiciously to public access. The Plan also protects stream and river corridors through local adoption and enforcement of appropriate zoning controls and promotes the development of a nonmotorized transportation corridor to provide linkage between public focal points along that corridor. with anticipated societal changes to ensure the County optimizes both public and private development options in the future. That includes accommodating more "hobby" farms on smaller, yet productive agricultural land in a manner that will not conflict with surrounding residential uses; establishing an agricultural land use pattern that continues to reserve and preserve larger (40-acre +) prime agricultural parcels for commercial agriculture, minimizing intrusion of nonagricultural uses on viable agricultural land; coordinating residential densities with available public facilities, particularly sewer, water and streets to ensure effective phasing of development and preservation of resources, including the consolidation of mobile homes in licensed mobile home parks; and providing for efficient distribution of various categories of commercial development utilizing defined locational and site criteria that will utilize appropriately sized roadways and access to public facilities and utilities as well as optimally serve identified market areas. The Plan promotes industrial development oriented to "start-up" businesses as well as expansion of local businesses in locations that will benefit most of those school districts within the County that need additional operating revenues. The Plan recommends establishing reasonable location, design and environmental guidelines and regulations for light and heavy industry to enhance the attractiveness of those facilities; specifies public facility improvements, public service, administrative and recreation facilities, county park land improvements as well as the locating of recreation sites and facilities in certain townships that presently are without public recreation Community Facilities As Midland County continues to grow and develop in the future, so will its need for public facilities and services. A number of services provided to the residents of the County are provided by County government or county-wide service agencies. These are in addition to the services provided by the municipalities and townships. Individual townships typically provide services associated with street maintenance and improvements, fire protection, park development and maintenance, and ordinance adoption and enforcement. In some instances, water system development and solid waste programs are conducted through township government. The Midland County Water District No. 1 conducts a water system development program in cooperation with Jerome and Lincoln townships and the Village of Sanford. Several issues appear to be more common than others among townships. Those include road maintenance, water quality and trash in residential areas. Other areas, such as Jerome Township, foresee the need for a sanitary sewer system. Most local units of government have comprehensive land use plans, J-18 �While the County school districts, hospitals, county-wide nonprofit organizations and other governmental agencies supply a large proportion of the services available to County residents (such as road improvement/maintenance, libraries, county fairgrounds, emergency/medical care, sheriff, mental health, senior services, solid waste management), opportunity exists to increase cooperation among all units to provide more efficient services and facilities to residents and businesses. an authority. A separate collection and treatment system(s) could be built to serve other townships as needed. For example, in townships such as Edenville, Homer and Lee, that currently have water quality problems associated with individual systems, the same options could be studied. In fact, Homer Township is planning on developing a sanitary sewer system in a portion of the township and a water system throughout the area if approved by Township residents. The Coleman water system could also be extended to serve Warren Township and possibly areas beyond the Township boundary. Sewer /Water Recreation While the City of Midland has adopted an urban growth area policy for placement of water and sewer facilities, there are locations outside of that area where projected growth could warrant community sewer systems. Referring to the projected residential acreage requirements in Table 46, most townships could potentially require some form of community sanitary system in the next 25 years - the exceptions include Geneva, Greendale, Jasper and Porter townships. Various options are available for Mure study of alternative systems. For example, if feasible, the City of Midland could expand its service area to include two or three of those townships (perhaps Homer, Larkin, Lee, Ingersoll, Lincoln and/or Midland); the City of Coleman could service most, if not all, of Warren Township. However, lift stations would have to be provided, due to distance and topography. If warranted, Edenville and Jerome townships could consider constructing a joint sewer system, possibly owned and operated by The County is served by 21 major city, township and county parks, which are distributed throughout the County, with concentrations within the City of Midland and on the south end of Sanford Lake. Additional local township parks could be located in Jasper, Mt. Haley, Ingersoll, Hope, Geneva and Edenville townships. These additional parks would allow for easy access to picnicking or recreational facilities for residents of those townships. The opportunities for using local school facilities for additional local recreational programs should also be explored. This would require a formal effort between the school districts and local units of government to organize and coordinate the use of those facilities for community recreation. The County has initiated development of the abandoned CSX Railroad right-of-way as a nonmotorized transportation corridor. This right-of-way, which is owned by Midland County, runs northwesterly for approximately 26.5 miles from the City of Midland through Coleman to the Clare County/Isabella many of which have been updated within the last five years. J-19 �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I - expanding or renovating their existing municipal offices or building new facilities. County line (the city limits of Clare). It would be used as a multipurpose recreational trail by bicyclists, hikers, runners, cross-county skiers and walkers. The County should continue to pursue the development of this right-of-way. A county-wide bicycle and pedestrian trafficway plan should also be prepared as a guideline for the provision of such facilities. Over time, trail "spursu could be accessed and developed linking the CSX right-of-way to various adjacent parks and recreation sites, such as Sanford Lake Park, Veterans Memorial Park, Pine Haven Recreation Area, Coleman School ball diamonds, Coleman City Park, Sanford Village Park and River Bend Park. Police and Fire Protection Overall, the County appears to be adequately serviced with fire protection through fire departments that are primarily comprised of volunteer fire fighters. All fire fighting facilities appear to be adequate to serve their respective communities over the next 20 years. Fire fighting equipment will obviously have to be replaced and upgraded in all 11 departments by the year 2010. Those fire service areas that cover more than one township (Midland, Ingersoll, Mt. Haley townships; Lee, Greendale and part of Porter townships; and Warren and Coleman townships) should be capable of maintaining service within those geographic areas during the next 20 years. Given the level of population growth expected in some townships it is suggested that the Midland County Township Officers Association conduct a study of the adequacy of all fire fighting facilities. Likewise, a study by the County Sheriff's Department in cooperation with the Township Officers Association, of expanding and funding police protection in growth areas is also suggested. County Facilities Several County facilities require study and planning of expansion or additional capacity. These facilities include the County Jail, an emergency operations center, a children's center, an animal control center education room, a mental health outpatient facility, and a congregate housing facility. Township/Municipal Halls The majority of township halls in the County are relatively newer facilities (built since 1960), and could expect to adequately accommodate anticipated needs over the next 20 years. Several townships, however, utilize older facilities as township halls and may need to renovate those facilities or build new ones by the year 2010. Those include Warren, Geneva, Homer and Porter Townships. In addition, the City of Coleman may need to consider Community Centers The four community centers appear to equitably serve the County in their geographic distribution, although additional centers may be appropriate within the northwestern and southcentral portions of the County to better serve the recreational and social needs of the residents of those areas. To do so would require an effort to organize, raise J-20 �funds, staff with paid and volunteer personnel and finance programs. Such centers should be centrally located for easy access. the next 20 years to serve the residents of Coleman and Warren townships. senior Citizen Centers The Chippewa Nature Center, Sanford Museum, Bradley House, H. H. Dow Museum and the Midland County Historical Museum all appear to adequately provide historical representation and education to the residents of the County, as well as tourists and visitors. These facilities can and should be listed as attractions in any County tourist promotion materials. These facilities should be maintained and renovated as necessary over the next 20 years. The potential for greater coordination and sharing of exhibits should be explored. Museums As the County's population continues to age, the demand for senior citizen facilities and services will increase. The current distribution of senior centers within the County does not necessarily represent an optimum geographical distribution of those facilities. A study should be conducted by the Midland County Council on Aging to determine whether an additional center could be located in the southcentral portion of the County, perhaps in Lee or Porter townships, to better serve the needs of seniors living in that general area. Some of the Council on Aging's facilities may eventually need to be expanded or renovated to meet the needs of the issues identified on page G-42, especially the developmentally disabled. Medical and Emergency Facilities The four emergency advance life support ambulance vehicles operating out of three locations in the County appear to be adequate to serve the County's shortrange and long-range emergency medical needs. However, there should be a study made for an ambulance station located on M-20 in the Southwest section of the County. Jasper Township is currently serviced by the volunteer fire and emergency medical operations out of St. Louis. That operation does not include advanced life support equipment. The MidMichigan Regional Medical Center's plans to double in size should accommodate the medical needs of the County's projected population through the year 2010. The Midland County Department of Emergency Services will require an improved emergency operations center with adequate communications capability. One option is to locate this center in Sanford Libraries The two major existing libraries within the County provide adequate library services to the townships through a cooperative system. However, additional library facilities within the County should be developed to provide increased access to local residents. The Grace A. Dow Memorial Library's concept of establishing satellite libraries in several locations throughout the County will facilitate that principle. Those locations should be determined after analysis of population distribution, accessibility, cost and proximity to existing libraries, among other factors. The Coleman Area Library should be renovated and enlarged over J-21 �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I jurisdictions for providing those facilities, and providing the financial resources to acquire and construct those resources according to realistic capital improvements programs at both the County and local government level. because of its central location and the existence of the Sheriff's relay communication station in the Village. Another option is to locate the center in the new police station in the City of Midland. Housing Public Education In general, it is anticipated the four major school districts within the County may need to undertake expansion of their existing facilities. Based upon the projected populations by age group in Table 10, there should be long-range increases in student population and subsequent demand for additional facilities. Maintenance and renovation will continue to be required within each district over the next 20 years. Housing Programs Government programs for housing have concentrated on three primary aspects: financing, construction and rehabilitation. Of these, financing and rehabilitation currently receive the most attention. Government construction of new housing has, essentially, ceased. Financing programs, mostly in the form of guarantees or interest subsidies are limited in scope and availability. Rehabilitation, while reduced in funding, remains an active pursuit of many programs conducted by various levels of government. For the most part, colleges and universities in or adjacent to Midland County will continue to expand their enrollments and campus facilities. The existence of these schools is a tremendous asset to Midland County and they should be promoted as such. Options for coordination among the area's colleges and universities should be analyzed and pursued. The base planning document used by the Midland County Housing Commission to formulate programs and policies is a 1991 Comprehensive Housing Affordability Study entitled, Affordable Housing Study for the Out-County Area of Midland County. This report was developed in conformance with federal requirements for identifying the needs of those "at-risk" households within the County (lowincome, handicapped, homeless), and identifies strategies for providing adequate housing for those segments of the population. The Midland County Housing Commission administers several programs concentrating on housing rehabilitation and neighborhood improvement, including weatherization and clearance activities. Synopsis The location, timing and type of public facilities within Midland County can either influence, or be determined by, the character and rate of private development. The former will occur if the County and each of its jurisdictions takes a "proactive," rather than "reactive" approach to the provision of those facilities. That requires a concerted effort at developing realistic projections of needed facilities or facilities likely to be in demand, ensuring coordination among J-22 �I Future Housing Needs Two programs which have been used for rehabilitation work are the Federal Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Program and Michigan State Housing Development Authority (MSHDA) Small Cities Program. These programs provide grant and loan funds for rehabilitation activities. Substantial administrative activities have been accomplished by the Commission for the Michigan Energy Bank and the Community Home Improvement Program (CHIP) sponsored by the Michigan Department of Commerce. Having projected Mure population growth it is possible to estimate the need for housing within each community. These estimates were made by using the 1990 Census figures for housing units, and calculating the relative proportion of total housing units to 1990 households in each jurisdiction. That proportion was assumed to remain constant over the next 25 years and was multiplied by the projected number of households for each jurisdiction in Table 16. The results are depicted in Table 50. This table indicates a need of 6,627 units over the next five years as a result of new households as well as nonhousehold living quarters. The 1991 County Affordable Housing Study also indicates up to 680 additional units are needed over the next five years to replace existing deteriorated units and cover current need. This results in a total estimated need of 7,307 units by 1995 (The Affordable Housing Study uses a different methodology for calculating future demand and forecasts a need of 2,464 to 2,954 additional units over the next five years). To incorporate both projections into this Plan, a range of 2,465 to 7,307 units should be built over the next five years in the County. Residential acreage needs have also been projected based on anticipated population growth identified in this Plan (see Table 46). The status of any housing program is generally uncertain and can only be depended upon from year to year. The County Housing Commission has recognized this fact and is pursuing funds as they become available. One source which may be depended upon is the income returning to the program from repayments of earlier loans. Activity on accounting for and collecting these payments is continuing. The City has also recently completed a Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy, which is required to receive federal funds for identified "at-risk" populations. For residents in the City of Midland, the City has a separate Housing Commission. In conjunction with the CDBG and MSHDA programs, the City provides four housing related programs. These include a free paint program provided by the City in target activity neighborhoods, assistance with self-help rehabilitation, a deferred loan for elderly and low-income homeowners for home improvements and a basic weatherization package for owned or rented dwellings. The Midland County Comprehensive Plan attempts to meet housing needs by: 1. J-23 Recommending that housing needs be carefully analyzed through an update of the 1980 County Housing Plan/Program, including housing needs for all segments of the population. This would include a ~ •I • • • • •I • �I I I 3. 2. Once identified, that strategies be developed for implementing housing needs, including creation of a City- I I I I I I I I I I I County housing trust fund to finance low-to moderate-income housing. description of the total housing stock requirements by population characteristics and income levels. The Comprehensive Plan provides standards for housing densities based on land use, environmental and social constraints and needs. TABLE 50 PROJECTED HOUSING NEEDS BY JURISDICTION :-:-;-:•.·· Jurisdiction Townshig1 Edenville Geneva Greendale Homer Hope Ingersoll Jasper Jerome* Larkin Lee Lincoln Midland Mills Mount Haley Porter Warren Persons/ Unit 1980 ,/'' l,Jnlts/ Households 1990 :: · Units 1990 ' Households . 1990 Projected Units . . 1995 2000 .. 2015 2.22 2.81 857 367 995 410 1.16 1.12 1,065 495 1,165 545 1,555 720 2.81 496 3.04 1,492 528 1,557 1.06 1.04 575 2,005 630 2,250 2.27 3.19 2.95 431 931 558 984 1.29 1.06 no 385 1,803 3.25 3.05 364 1,647 1,155 1,329 1.06 1.09 1.03 1.05 680 1,250 470 2,075 1,345 1,515 815 3,195 1,160 1,945 3.00 2.94 628 802 658 836 3.13 3.15 530 552 550 570 1.05 1.04 1.04 1.03 3.11 384 623 399 1.04 494 2.60 2.97 1,193 1,395 1,395 510 2,290 635 3,070 1,485 1,675 1,995 2,260 780 1,095 880 1,225 1,320 1,715 615 660 475 680 730 925 1,015 530 658 1.06 800 890 725 1,245 1.06 1.04 705 19,365 800 21,570 1,190 29,930 1.06 35,970 40,020 55,415 Cities Coleman Midland 2.67 2.68 14,709 526 15,338 Coun!X 2.79 27,791 29,343 *Includes Village of Sanford Projected 1995, 2000 and 2015 dwellings are rounded to the nearest 5 units. NOTE: ,• Housing unit refers to actual dwelling/living unit whereas household refers to the persons occupying a housing unit. SOURCE: 1990 Census of Housing; Gove Associates Inc. J-24 �I Transportation 3. The movement of people and material is critical to the economic and social functioning of the County. As identified in the Transportation section of this Plan report, there are several categories, or levels, that make up the County's system of streets and roads, including freeways, state trunklines, County primary and local streets. As stated on page F-5, the State has no plans for major trunkline construction projects during the next 1O years. There are, however, two major studies currently in progress that could have long-range impacts, including safety and capacity improvements to M-20 west of the City of Midland, and improving U.S. 1O interchanges east of the City of Midland. Map 9, which depicts the County's functional classification system of roads, will be considered as the County's highway, street and road transportation plan, until a comprehensive area-wide transportation plan can be developed. A suggested outline of the components of a comprehensive transportation plan consists of the following: 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. 2. Data collection, including origin and destination surveys, traffic counts, accident rates, and other travel related information, economic activity centers, population characteristics and densities/ concentrations; land use distribution patterns and existing transportation facilities and systems. Preliminary goals and objectives that set policy and measurable standards of performance, including costeffectiveness, travel times, accident frequency and accessibility. J-25 Analysis of the existing system, identifying the condition, problems and opportunities associated with highways, roads, streets, rail, air and pedestrian and nonmotorized transportation. Determination and projection of travel demand for both the shortterm (3-5 years) and long-term (20 years) to identify the required levels of service which will act as standards for developing alternate systems for further review. If possible, apply a computerized model that will simulate travel characteristics including demand, route assignments and speed, which will define the various alternative systems to be analyzed. Analysis and evaluation of each alternative, using the levels of service standards identified in (4) above, and defined goals and objectives as the criteria for comparing and ranking alternatives. Selection of the alternative (or hybrid of alternatives), that best meets the applied standards and goals and objectives statements, as the preferred plan. 8. Describing the selected plan in adequate detail to make clear to the reader the specifics of the plan as it applies to each component of the County's transportation system. 9. Developing an implementation program that describes the elements of the plan, the activities to be -I I I I I ,1 I I I I I I I I I I I �I I I I I I I I I I I I • • • • and Development Corporation and the Convention and Visitors Bureau each target different segments of the economy, benefits will likely-be realized through continuing coordination between these two organizations. Maintaining a close working relationship between these two groups and the Saginaw Area Community Growth Alliance will also help leverage local economic benefits utilizing regionwide resources. undertaken, and the costs and sources of revenue for each activity. The resultant plan should then be used as a guide for both the County, State and the cities, townships and village in their developing and adopting capital improvement programs. Economic Development Economic development planning addresses three important aspects: (1) providing for the proper location of industrial and commercial development, (2) improving the agricultural economy of the County and (3) promoting higher wage levels. Currently, the State of Michigan is emphasizing revitalization and development of industrial and commercial activities on sites with existing infrastructure, rather than on new "greenfield" sites in rural areas. This program may not benefit Midland County directly. As noted in Table 30, there are only 22 industrial park lots that have not been sold or developed. This situation, combined with the need to increase the property tax base of the Bullock Creek, Coleman and Meridian Public School Districts, requires the creation of additional planned industrial parks. While new industrial parks should be located in these school districts, local small "start up" entrepreneurial businesses should also be encouraged in each school district. At the same time, local existing businesses (industrial and service) should be assisted in efforts to expand their operations. Many of these existing businesses are located in the County's industrial parks. Economic development on a county-wide scale requires coordination among jurisdictions and organizations within the County. The recent merger of the Midland County Growth Council and the Midland County Economic Development Corporation has been a positive move in that direction. This umbrella organization, the Midland County Economic Growth and Development Corporation, is oriented to economic needs throughout the County. This umbrella organization is comprised of the Small Business Center, Midland County Convention and Visitors Bureau and Economic Development Corporation of Midland County (338 Corp). The former functions of the Midland County Economic Development Corporation are now provided by the umbrella organization. At the same time, the Midland County Convention and Visitors Bureau is targeting conventions, special events and sightseeing markets to attract outside nonmanufacturing revenue into the County. While the Economic Growth Emphasis should be placed upon creating a positive entrepreneurial "environment" within each school district in the County to promote new business start-ups and business expansions. To achieve such an environment, a countywide entrepreneurial "support system" J-26 �~ with industrial development, the County should encourage and foster downtown commercial revitalization by emphasizing small entrepreneurial start-up efforts. should be established. A support system would allow small start-up businesses to access business and technical expertise, provide appropriate building space, offer associated educational opportunities, assist in business promotion and in general establish an atmosphere within the County that encourages and fosters individual initiative to begin new business ventures. At the same time, efforts should be made to work with existing businesses to max1m1ze their opportunities for expansion. Overall, a combination of support systems, including educational services, business incubator development, information networks (including identifying existing local strengths and weaknesses and access to the latest technologies and marketing techniques), local financing and government fiscal support are needed to successfully encourage individuals to enter into new entrepreneurial ventures. Another important component of local economic vitality is the commercial retail and service sector. Viable communities have active downtown business districts. That does not necessarily mean that downtowns must compete with outlying retail malls, but they should identify their particular "niche" within the community and complement the larger stores located in retail malls. Each municipality within Midland County (the cities of Midland and Coleman and the Village of Sanford) should identify its own market area and the types of businesses that could viably locate within its downtown area. In addition, to attract new businesses and new customers, each downtown should identify ways to improve its physical landscape through streetscape revitalization and building facade improvements. Both the cities of Coleman and Midland have started programs to improve their downtown business areas, and Midland has recently completed a downtown streetscape project. Businesses within each downtown area should coordinate advertising and promotion efforts, establish uniform business hours and emphasize customer service and ease of access (through off-street parking). As The effects of decreasing farm income and farm size on the County's economy warrants a concerted effort between the County agricultural stabilization and economic development organizations to promote improvement of the County's agricultural economy. A program focused on stabilizaiton of the local agricultural economy to offset the decline in crop values and farm income should be geared to promoting food production and processing ventures on a regional scale, combining the agricultural resources of the County and surrounding counties with the industrial food processing potentialities in Midland County. With the increase in retail and service jobs, economic development planning should focus on increasing wage levels in growth-oriented employment sectors to offset the effects on the economy due to an increase in lower wage level servicerelated jobs. Local economic development organizations should undertake a labor torce needs analysis J-27 i. ~ ~ I 'I I I I I I I I I �I 'I I I I I I I I I I I I ' ' '- operate. Such a management approach should be well thought out, rational, implementable, based upon reasonable scientific parameters, and reflect a consensus of opinion among the management participants. It should consist of an environmental resource management process that includes both public and private sector organizations. Those organizations should cooperatively develop a comprehensive environmental management plan and program designed to reasonably mitigate existing contamination and provide for the future protection and wise use of the County's natural resources. Current issues that should be addressed, and which are identified on pages C-11 through C-18, include: the proper use and disposal of hazardous materials; the decontamination of groundwater through protective and remedial actions pertaining to the eight activities identified as contributing to groundwater pollution as well as other sources not specifically identified in this Plan; the contamination of surface water (rivers and lakes) resulting from septic systems, agriculture and commercial and industrial land uses; nonpoint sources of water pollution (e.g., fertilizers, animal wastes, urban water runoff); air pollution from industrial (and automobile) sources; soil contamination identified in the Michigan Department Natural Resources list of environmental contamination sites (see Table 3, pages C-15 and C-16); noise and visual pollution from industrial processes; billboards/signs; and unregulated junk and used parts yards, truck traffic, and similar uses and activities. and develop strategies for promoting higher paying jobs in the County. The key to the maintenance and growth of the County's economy lies in its existing population and businesses. The County and its economic development agencies should work with local communities to target efforts at new business development and existing business expansion. At the same time, the public sector should work hand-inhand with private commercial businesses to create viable downtown business districts that complement commercial activities outside of central business areas. Environment The viability of Midland County as a place to live, work and play is, of course, dependent upon the state of the environment. As with any other geographic area, the County's natural environment is not perfect - that is, it is not free of contamination. Environmental contamination is the product of both human and natural processes. Because contamination is found to one degree or another within the natural order, it is unrealistic to expect or anticipate the complete elimination of pollution, or "zero tolerance" within Midland County. It is possible, however, to rationally address and remove a reasonable amount of contamination currently or previously created by human activity. To do so requires a management approach to environmental issues that can accomplish needed environmental decontamination and pollution prevention without needlessly or unduly impacting the way businesses and individuals The comprehensive environmental management plan should identify specific projects and time frames within which J-28 �abandoned CSX rail right-of-way) is also a "given" feature and identified on the Comprehensive Plan map. they should be completed, the responsible parties for implementing the project, the general cost, and the sources of funding, if possible. It should be a participatory plan, inviting input from a wide variety of sources. Finally, the plan should call for voluntary compliance for most activities and require mandatory decontamination and pollution prevention measures only when necessary. Voluntary compliance could include incentives identified within the plan in those situations where compliance may exceed State preemption standards. Third, public and institutional lands, consisting of park lands, natural conservation areas and other publicly owned lands, are also "given" areas that remain relatively constant. J-29 I Fifth, commercial and industrial land uses were designated using municipal and township master plans and land use location planning principles and standards as guidelines. Commercial and industrial land use designations outside of municipal boundaries are located to centrally serve surrounding residences, are on major thoroughfares for easy access and optimum exposure, and in areas where utility service is available. I I I I I Seventh, residential land uses (less than 1 acre) inside the utility service areas were designated. Areas designated as residential have been changed from the 1987 Comprehensive Plan. Those changes are described in more detail in the description of land use classifications below, Second. the County's new, nonmotorized transportation corridor (the ~ -I Sixth, prime agricultural lands, as well as lands as designated in P.A. 116, lying outside utility service areas were designated. These lands remain essentially the same as the 1987 Comprehensive Plan. First, the river corridors were designated. These are existing natural features and remain the same as depicted in the 1987 Comprehensive Plan map. ~ Fourth, utility service areas (the cities of Coleman and Midland, as well as the Midland Urban Growth Area and Midland County Water District No. 1) were designated as they currently exist. Future Land Use Patterns The culmination of the analysis of the various man-made and natural components of the County, combined with the issues, goals and policies defined in this report constitutes the Comprehensive Land Use Plan. Acreage figures of the land use areas as depicted on the Comprehensive Land Use Plan map are presented in Table 51. The Comprehensive Land Use Plan map is depicted on page J-34 and reflects the optimum Mure land use distribution patterns in the County and its various units of government. The map, as constructed in the 1987 Comprehensive Plan and reconstructed in this Plan, is based upon an overlay approach, adjusted for projected population, growth, planning principles and standards. That approach is defined below: -~ I I I I -, ·1 I �i II I 8 I I I -I • • • • • • • • comprise approximately 49,946 acres, or 14.8 percent of the County. Eigth, rural residential land uses (including one- to 10-acre home sites and "hobbyu farms) were designated. These areas have also been changed from the 1987 Comprehensive Plan. The river corridor designation applies to the major river systems within the County, including the Pine, Chippewa, Tittabawassee, Salt, Little Salt, Sturgeon and Kawkawlin rivers as well as Bullock Creek. These water bodies would be subject to an overlay zone that would require a vegetative "buffer" strip on either side that would limit the type and location of structures not compatible with the preservation of the rivers' natural environments. The river corridor will cover roughly 20,889 acres, or 6.2 percent of the County. Ninth, adjustments to the resultant Comprehensive Land Use Plan map were made based upon public meetings and comments. The following provides a description of the distribution of the various land use categories depicted in the Comprehensive Land Use Plan map. Agricultural areas, as indicated earlier, are essentially prime agricultural, P.A. 116 lands and small uhobby" farms, and are generally situated around the perimeter of the County. In total, agricultural lands will comprise approximately 116,873 acres or 34.6 percent of the County. Rural residential lands are predominant outside of the Midland Urban Growth Area (MUGA) and the areas serviced by the water distribution system in Midland County Water District No. 1. The rural residential designated areas are adjacent to or interspersed among agricultural and State forest lands and because of their relatively low density (1-10 acres) are compatible with agriculture and forest open space use. A number of sections in Jerome, Lincoln and Homer townships that were designated as residential in the 1987 Comprehensive Plan have been redesignated as rural residential. This is because those sections are located outside a reasonable distance (approximately 1/2 mile) from existing water distribution lines and are likely not to develop as more dense residential land use. Rural residential uses cover approximately 105,091 acres, or 31.1 percent of the County. Areas devoted to public land will remain generally the same as currently exists, with change in the use of some of those lands. For example, it has been proposed that the State forest land that comprises the Pine Haven Recreation Area be traded to the County and administered as a permanent natural conservation area. Other County recreation facilities will be further developed, such as the Sanford Lake County Park, Veterans Memorial County Park and Manitou County Park. The CSX Railroad right-of-way will be converted to an improved nonmotorized transportation corridor. Local township parks, particularly in Jasper, Ingersoll, Geneva, Edenville, Mt. Haley and Hope townships should be located and developed. In total, public lands will Areas designated as residential include single-family on one acre or less, duplex units, mobile home parks and multipleJ-30 �the City of Midland, along major thoroughfares with easy access. New industrial development is oriented primarily to entrepreneurial "start-up" businesses and ''targetedu industries (those for which proactive attraction or retention efforts should be focused because they best correspond to the County's existing economic strengths). family housing. Residential lands are located within the MUGA boundaries and generally within one-half mile from existing water distribution lines within Midland County Water District No. 1. These properties are generally located in a pattern surrounding the City of Midland, and in a northeasterly line parallel to U.S. 10, as well as within the City of Coleman. The densities allowed within areas designated as residential land use will most likely depend upon whether or not public water supply and/or sanitary sewers are available. Residential land uses account for 10.3 percent of the County's land, or 34,857 acres. As indicated earlier in this Plan report, additional or expanded industrial development should occur within the Bullock Creek, Coleman and Meridian public school districts. Such development is proposed along Gordonville Road east of Poseyville Road in Midland Township (in the Bullock Creek School District), west of the City of Coleman and near the U.S. 10 - M-18 interchange (in the Coleman School District) and adjacent to U.S. 10 and along Meridian Road in Lincoln Township (in the Meridian School District). Industrial activity is also proposed along Eastman Road in Larkin Township, north of the City of Midland. Other locations of planned light industrial, manufacturing and commercial parks could be situated off M-20 in Lee and Greendale townships and off M-18 in Warren, Jerome and Edenville townships in accordance with local master land use planning. The proposed distribution of industrial land uses within the County reflects both existing industrial activity, the future expansion of that activity and the placement of new concentrations of industrial land uses in easily accessible locations adjacent to population centers. In total, industrial lands will comprise approximately 8,483 acres, or 2.5 percent of the County. It should be noted that the primary criterion for designating areas as residential or rural residential is the availability of public utilities, particularly water and/or sewer. The existing and potential location of those facilities does not necessarily correlate with the projected residential acreage requirements identified in Table 46. Certain areas, for example Lee Township, are forecast to require a substantial population growth and accompanying residential acreage development. However, Lee Township is designated to develop as rural residential and agricultural because no utilities to serve standard residential development are scheduled. It would be in the best interest of the County to require that utility districts identify and evaluate projected population growth in various locations and determine if utilities should be provided to accommodate or direct that growth. Industrial land uses are distributed within the County, primarily adjacent to or within J-31 -I I I I I I I I I I I I I I �I -I II I I I I I I I ~ a recommendation as it pertains to local planning. That is, at the same time the Midland County Comprehensive Plan defines the direction of County agencies, with some degree of potential for implementation, it is intended to function primarily as a guide for future planning and development among local jurisdictions. Consequently, it provides information to local units of government about their own specific conditions a well as the condition of other units within the County. As a county-wide plan it also prescribes and promotes coordination among jurisdictions, ensuring that individual municipal and township plans complement, rather than conflict with, plans of adjoining jurisdictions. Guided by the proposals and programs contained in this Plan, local jurisdictions should be able to more efficiently provide for implementation within their own plans. County level agencies and organizations will be more directly impacted through the implementation measures contained in this Comprehensive Plan. Commercial land uses will generally reflect the existing distribution of those uses. Outside the cities of Midland and Coleman the majority of commercial land uses will be community commercial, oriented to serve the day-to-day shopping needs of local residents within a short driving distance. These community commercial land uses are located at intersections of major roads in locations most easily accessible to surrounding residents. Several townships, such as Jasper, that have relatively small populations, will not contain community commercial centers of any substantial size but will still sustain small individual "neighborhood" commercial establishments (which are not delineated on the Comprehensive Land Use Plan map). Community commercial development will be concentrated along Eastman Road in Larkin Township, to complement the new Midland Mall in that area. Commercial land uses cover approximately 1,829 acres, or 0.5 percent of the County. Planning Information, Coordination and Implementation Without accurate and useful information from which to make practical decisions, and without effective coordination among jurisdictions, local plans will likely not be efficiently implemented. To ensure that local plans and programs are coordinated, efficient, based upon accurate and useful data and contain realistic implementation programs, Midland County should establish an ongoing system of providing for and monitoring those planning components. Current state enabling legislation provides for county planning commission review of all local plans. The Midland County Comprehensive Plan encompasses a wide variety of topics and issues, some of which are the responsibility of the County and its various agencies, and others that are the legal or identified responsibility of local units of government, other taxing jurisdictions, or quasi-public and private institutions. Each level of government, within the County, for example, has the power to develop and implement a comprehensive plan and zoning ordinance. While these plans and ordinances are local in scope and can be implemented by each respective jurisdiction, the County Comprehensive Plan is, in effect, Implementation of the Midland County Comprehensive Plan will require the J-32 �Midland County Planning Commission should promote the implementation of the Plan. Strategies for implementing each of the planning elements of the Comprehensive Plan are described in the Implementation section of this report. Implementation of the Midland County Comprehensive Plan will require the cooperation and dedication of many organizations and units of government. In cooperation with the Midland County Board of Commissioners and Midland County Controller-Administrator, the TABLE 51 ACREAGE OF PLANNED LAND USES* Land Use Category Agricultural Acreage Percent of County Area 116,873 34.6 Commercial 1,829 0.5 Industrial 8,483 2.5 Public 49,946 14.8 Residential 34,857 10.3 105,091 31.1 20,889 6.2 337,968 100.0 Rural Residential River Corridor TOTAL *Based on calculation of land areas as depicted on the Comprehensive Land Use Plan Map (No. 17) SOURCE: Gove Associates Inc. J-33 '-I ·~ I I I I I I I I I I I I I �0 GLADWIN ~ LLJ z >z ::::, I0 (_) COMPREHENSIVE LA D USE PLAN MIDLAND COUNTY, MICHIGAN LEGEND >~ CD □ □ Ill ~ □ □ -- ~ AGRICULTURAL COMME RCIAL INDUSTRIAL PUBLIC RESIDENTIAL C <1 ACRE ) RU1'AL R::'.SIDENTIAL ( >1 -· RIVER ACRE> CORRIDOR NONMOTORIZED TRANSPORTATION >z :::, I- >z :::, I- 0 <..) 0 COMMUNITY A CORRIDOR COMMERCIAL REGIONAL COMMERCIAL (_) E :!: LLJ cl a: ~i LLJ ...J ~ ...J cl a: >- LLJ LLJ ti) ti) 0 <O: IJ) IL II) ti) ;:; ti) cl a: 0 6250 12500 25000 37500 ~ t---+--:'J~;t--"-t-...a~ +i:w..~ (/') / ITTABAI·! SAGINAW -'sEE RD COUNTY Gove Associates I:imco 1601 Portage Street Kalamazoo, Mich.i,.en '19001 r--.. .,-- d z �I I I I I I I I I I I • • • • •II -~ Implementation �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I - IMPLEMENTATION Jurisdictions within the County vary according to the number and type of mechanisms adopted to regulate or manage development. These variations create a diversity in the overall character and timing of growth within the County. The Mure of the County rests upon the ability of its representatives, officials and residents to manage its resources. Those resources - economic, human and environmentaJ - interact to form the total living environment of Midland County. It is likely there would be no argument to the claim that the County would benefit by the efficient use of those resources. Management of the County's resources can be achieved by carrying out a strategic implementation program and administering growth management techniques. One of the more recent and increasingly popular methods of striving for that efficiency is through a concept called growth management. To identify the various growth management mechanisms existing among the various jurisdictions within the County, a survey form was distributed to all locaJ units of government, collected and the results tabulated. Table 52 depicts the results of that survey. The universe of growth management techniques potentially available to local units of government consists of ordinances, codes, regulations, and miscellaneous controls and guidance mechanisms, including master plans and land use plans. Growth Management Growth management can be generally defined as a tool or series of "tools" oriented to controlling the location, timing and indirectly the cost of new development within a given area. Within that definition, growth management approaches and techniques are diverse. They can consist of one specific technique, such as zoning or a set of techniques which, when combined together, form a comprehensive program for overseeing new development as well as maintaining and revitalizing existing development. The survey indicated that all local jurisdictions have adopted zoning ordinances, building codes and master plans or land use plans. These are, and have been, the basic "foundation blocks" of managing development within a community. Other types of control mechanisms are also "on the books" in fewer than onehalf the County's governmental units. These include junkyard, floodplain management, mobile home and subdivision control ordinances, as well as other ordinances and regulations. Most local governments, however, limit their growth management control programs to the three basic mechanisms described above. The County, as a unit of government, does not retain the option to control land use and development processes within its boundaries. These processes are regulated by individual townships, cities, and the village within the County through legally adopted controls such as zoning ordinances and building codes. K-1 �TABLE 52 GROWTH MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES ·11:: ~:; IB> ir . . . ·... :. T~~!P.•@iti] '){/ I d\ ORDINANCES Zoning Ordinance Dangerous Bulldlngs Ordinance • • • il•l rn • Anti-blight Ordinance • • Noise Control Ordinance Junkyard Ordinance ;•::.... ~ • • • • • • • • • • • • • Manufactured Home/Mobile Home Park Ord. • • N • • • • • • Li L D ·~ ·· b ;~JI'.l: i:§ll j!\J I:11:11: :L . NW,q:f ·s • • • • • • • o f k ~ : II. i f Lot Split Ordinance ~ A .·.·•::;: Floodplain Management Ordinance Land Access Ordinance •.•.•· • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Wetlands Protection Ordinance Groundwater Protection Ordinance Subdivision Control Ordinance CODES Building Code • • • • • • • • • Housing Code/Rental Code REGULATIONS Stormwater Mana!}ement Regulation Hazardous Material Regulation River/Stream Protection Regulation • Septic System Maintenance Regulations MISCELLANEOUS Wellhead Protection Program Special Use Permits Site Plan Review Planned Unit Development Standards Prime Farmland Protection Public lmerovement Performance Guarantees Master Plan/Land Use Plan • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Economic Development Techniques Ca1>ital Improvements Program Public Improvements Requirements • Indicates community adopted growth management technique SOURCE: Midland County Survey Questionnaire, June 1992 Iii • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • �I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II - diligently, would remediate existing problems and prevent others from occurring. However, the human and financial resources are not available to ensure appropriate enforcement. In some instances it may be more effective for two or more jurisdictions to combine resources to retain and upgrade enforcement. The City of Midland has adopted the greatest number of techniques, followed by Lee Township, then Midland Township, the City of Coleman, Jerome, and Homer townships. In general, beyond zoning ordinances, building codes and community plans, there appears to be a substantial variation among jurisdictions relative to adoption of growth management mechanisms. The ordinances, regulations, codes and techniques identified in Table 52 are currently authorized under state enabling legislation. Therefore, all could potentially be adopted or administered by each unit of government. Implementation Program Table 54 identifies the implementation program called for in this Plan. This table is formatted to provide a comprehensive overview of the important elements of the program, within a strategic framework. The policies and strategies defined in the section titled "Goals, Policies and Strategies for the Futureu are again listed in the first column, along with more detailed action statements corresponding to a particular strategy. The next three columns contain letters or numbers that correspond to the key on page K-32. The second column identifies the specific organization(s), institution(s) or individual(s) assigned the responsibility for carrying out the specific strategy and associated actions. The third column describes the year(s) within which the particular action is to occur or be completed. The last column refers to the source(s) of funding the particular action. By referring to this table, those responsible for overseeing and implementing this Plan will be able to understand their particular assignments, as well as the responsibilities of other participants, and follow through on them within the identified time frame. This format not only establishes direction for implementing the plan, but also provides a mechanism for monitoring the progress of implementation activities. If a Even though each jurisdiction has its own zoning ordinance, the survey also indicates there are a number of provisions that should be incorporated into each ordinance text, but are not included (see Table 53). These jurisdictions would benefit by including these provisions to promote effective development and control conversion of prime farmlands. These techniques, and others that are more sophisticated (and which are currently not authorized under existing state enabling legislation but which may be allowed in the Mure) can collectively ensure that growth and development, as well as preservation of resources, will occur in accordance with a welldeveloped and rational process. However, regulations and ordinances have a price. They require diligent enforcement to be effective. That in turn requires appropriate staff and funding. Often, local governmental units have adopted ordinances, codes and regulations that, if enforced properly and K-3 �action. It is intended to follow a rational process to achieve desired ends. However, since unforeseen circumstances can alter the Plan's desirable objectives, this schedule is also intended to be as flexible as necessary to ensure the Plan is referred to and useable. particular action is not successfully undertaken by the recommended time frame, those involved should meet to identify alternative policies or actions to achieve the desired objective. This implementation program is essentially designed to be a guide for ~ TABLE 53 SURVEY OF CITY, TOWNSHIP AND VILLAGE ZONING Coleman City Yea Yes No No No Edenville Township Yea Yes Yea No No Geneva Township Yea No No No Yes Greendale Township Yea Yes No No No Homer Township Yes Yes No No No Hope Township Yea Yes No No No Ingersoll Township Yes No No No No Jasper Township Yea No No No Yes Jerome Township Yes No No No No Larkin Township No No No No No Lee Township Yes Yes No No No Lincoln Township Yes No No No No Midland City Yes Yes Yes No No Midland Township Yes Yes No No No MIiis Township Yes No No No No Mt. Haley Township No Yes No No No Porter Township Yes Yes No No No Sanford Village Yes No No No No Warren Township Yea Yes No No No SOURCE: Midland County Survey Questionnaire, June 1992 K-4 • • • • • • • • • • -•, l �,.. .... .. ... .. - - -- - ---------- TABLE 54 IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM ·:•:·:;::;t\=:- ::;=--:•.- '· \,/ IMPLEMENTiNG :BODIES . AND PARTICIPANT$ . .. POLICIES/STRATEGIES/ACTIONS •;: •i., :-· ; :: P~LE ': \ ·.•: SOURCE LAND USE 1. RANDOM DEVELOPMENT G A Identify areas potentially unsuitable for on-site wastewater disposable. 2. :;:J\ 1. Utilize the County Soils Survey to map general areas where development requiring on-site wastewater disposal should be prohibited. Incorporate that Information Into the land UM plan map. G,P 1,2 A,E 2. Encourage local units of government to amend their comprehensive plan maps to reflect areas that should not be developed In higher density uses. G,P 1,2 A,E 3. Encourage local units to zone their Jurisdictions in accordance with their land use plans. G,P 2,3-5 A,E FLOODPLAIN DEVELOPMENT p A. Promote applications for the National Flood Insurance program among developed properties within USGS recognized flood-prone areas. I 01 1. Make applications to FEMA for National Flood Insurance . p 1,2 A 2. Contact property owners not currently enrolled In the Flood Insurance Program and encourage them to enroll. F,J,P 2,3-5 A,E F,J,P 1,2 A,E F,J,P 1,2 A,E 1,2 A,E B. Adopt floodplain regulations and ordinances consistent with FEMA standards. 1. Inventory locations in the County that are within the 100-year floodplain of any water body, utlllzlng the recently completed River Protection Plan. 2. Encourage local townships that contain 100-year floodplain areas to adopt the model zoning language In the River Protection Plan and modify standards as necessary to meet FEMA requirements. 3. PRIME FARMLAND PRESERVATION p A Distribute appropriate data relative to farmland preservation to local units, including USDAJSCS maps Identifying prime agricultural land. 1. ~ Put a program together to Inform and educate townships about Identifying and preserving prime agricultural lands. Include data cited in this plan and other data sources, and provide larger acale maps of each township with overlays Indicating existing land uses on those soils. M,P FUNDING �,., ·•· •· lM:iMJlm~?.~l~~i:Jiil·: : 1:1!:!• 1 •:·•~f~ ~•1•· ·•:• •=,• · B. Conduct workshops on preserving agricultural land. 1. Combine data Identified above with description of relevant legislation and planning and zoning standards as part of a workshop agenda. M,P 2 A,E 2. Present the workshop to each township on-site at township hall. M,P 2 A,E M,P 2,3-5,6-10, 11-15,16-20 A,ED W,M,S 1,2,3-5 A,E W,M,J,S 1,2,3-5 A,E W,J,M,P 2,3-5 A,E C. Promote h:t. 116 Farmland Preservation and report on model/sample preservation techniques. 1. Incorporate Into workshop format and continue to update to Inform townships of the most recent farmland preservation legislation and techniques through periodic communication to local Plannlng Commissions. 4. SOIL EROSION M A. Prepare and distribute to landowners Information about erosion problems and erosion control methods and Increase the level of field assistance to landowners. ~ 1. Collect current ASCS, Cooperative Extension, Farm Bureau and other agency data and Information pertaining to soil erosion; coordinate collected Information Into a presentation packet and distribute the packet to large acreage landowners through the mall. I B. Develop/expand programs whereby landowners using erosion control practices are given public/media recognition. 1. Develop a monitoring program through ASCS and the County Planning Commission whereby landowners that have utilized erosion control measures are Identified and awarded a certificate of recognition and/or other award and are Identified In local print and radio/TV media. C. Prepare model standards for codes and ordinances addressing soil erosion and encourage local units of government to Incorporate erosion control standards In local development regulations. 1. Research existing erosion control ordinances and review literature on soil erosion practices and techniques; develop a model language that can be Incorporated Into local zoning ordinances and that reflects state-of-the-art techniques. Disseminate model to townships and encourage them to Incorporate into their ordinances. JIii . . JIii ... ..11111 ... JII JII .. .... __.. ~ �.. .. .. l la ,.. :-: :;;_': .... .. -- ----·.·· -::-•· :•·· ._/._ .:,::}::::,/:}:,\.' .. · POLICIES/STRATEGIES/ACTIONS : ·:::,: ••:::-·•: -·-:,:- ·- . :·:? :-:• ··;::;: IM~L~r:~~?p:~~ES - '. :,.: SCHEPtJU: : ,. (Y~) : ·':': :- ~~~~ D. Develop economic incentives to promote so11 erosion control. 1. Establish an ad-hoc panel of county and township officials to review and discuss options for providing economic relief or reward to lndlvlduals or businesses who follow appropriate aoil erosion control practices. Develop a legally Implementable process for adopting and administering auch Incentives. Encourage each jurisdiction 0ocal governmental unit) to adopt such Incentives. W,M,P 2,3-5 A,E D,B,L 1 A O,K,J,P 1,2 A O,K,J,P 1,2 A O,K,J,P 1,2 A 1,2,3-5 A E. Ensure that the provisions of the Soll Erosion and Sedimentation Control Act are being enforced and Increase the level of on-site field assistance to landowners. 1. Acquire additional funding for County Road Commission staff to devote more time to advisory and enforcement activities for soil erosion mltlgatlon/elimlnation In new development. 5. LAND ACCESS, SUBDMSION AND LOT SPLIT CONTROLS K A. Collect and review lot split, land access and subdivision control regulations and procedures used by each local unit of government. ~ ~ 1. Access lot splits and subdivision maps from the County Equalization Department and Identify parcels with Inefficient or nonexistent land access. Collect ordinances/regulations from each jurisdiction to determine overall characteristics and effectiveness of regulations. B. Develop a ' model" set of regulations for use by local governmental units. 1. Research 'state-0f-the-art• lot split, land access and subdivision control regulations and combine with Information collected above to develop model ordinance/regulations for use by local jurisdiction and distribute to jurisdictions for review. C. Encourage local units to adopt model regulations and provide technical assistance as needed as well as periodic review. 1. Present formal "model" as recommendation and encourage local units to adopt. Continue to encourage adoption until all units have formal land access/subdivlslonflot split regulations In conjunction with, or similar to, the model presented . Provide ongoing technical assistance through the County Planning Commission Including annual monitoring of application of regulations to Identify problem areas. Develop recommended solutions and present to local units of government. 6. SMALL WATERSHED PLANNING M A. Define the boundaries of small watersheds. 1. Establish a surveying and mapping program that will define the criteria for identifying small watershed boundaries and undertake survey over time to accurately map boundaries. M - ---' .:::- �:~~~~i,~~~~,,~1:1:1::t::: : : 1 : 1:1:1:1 ; 5, : 1: : 1: 1 : 1:';:1 : 1 : 1 : :1~~a~::1: t.: : B. Encourage local governments to form a consortium to inventory and study small watersheds and recommend remedial or protective concerns. 1. Contact local Planning Commissions to explain concept and solicit interest; establish an O,J,M,P 1,2,3-5 A 1,2,3-5 IA organizational meeting to initiate consortium; conduct a mapping and on-site Inventory of small watersheds, using appropriate guidelines, including the 'Midland County River Corridor Study" and "Midland County Alver Protection Plan . ■ 2. Draft a work paper on recommended remedies and protective actions to be distributed to local units for review and comment; develop and distribute final draft to local governmental units; encourage implementation of recommended actions through periodic review of progress by I O,J,M,P I consortium members and the County Planning Commission. C. Notify governmental units of public/private funds avaliabie for protective remediation and enhancement of small watersheds and subdralnage basins. 1. Keep abreast of current technologies and practices in small watershed planning and Identify grant programs and funding sources that may be utilized for implementing remedial and protective 1' 00 II I O,J,M,P 11,2,3-5,6-10 11-15,16-20 IA actions. 7. GROWTH MANAGEMENT I J A. Prepare a report on necessary and desired growth management techniques for implementing comprehensive development plans. 1. Utilize results of growth management survey conducted as part of this plan to develop a paper on the status of growth management among local jurisdictions and distribute to those jurisdictions for O,J,P 1,2 A O,J,P 2,3-5 A O,J,l,P 2,3-5 A,E,J review. B. Formulate model codes, standards, regulations and ordinances oriented toward growth management and distribute to local jurisdictions for revising and adoption. 1. Include the results of the status paper in a model set of growth management codes, ordinances, standards and regulations and distribute to each jurisdiction. Recommend specific techniques for adoption by specific Jurisdictions; follow through with technical assistance as requested and monitoring program to identify strengths and weaknesses of each applied technique; conduct seminars on administering recommended techniques. 8. STREAM SYSTEM USE A. Prepare/update municipal plans in accordance with model County Alver Protection Plan. 1. Request each Township, City and Village Planning Commission to review model Alver Protection Pian and determine best way to incorporate model into jurisdiction's existing comprehensive or land use plan. �1111 11111 1111 WI _. .. - .. .. - .. .. - ... - - - - "' POLICIES/STRATEGIES/ACTIONS :/(,:,:. ..: ·::==Ji!i:!!! ::::f.·.·... .....•· . ·.·.·.· ··'"'' FUNDING ~~y:'.;x,· ·•·•·•··.e:: • ·: SOURCE IMPLEMENTING QOOIES:;,: AND PARTiCtPANTS :·· B. Prepare/update munlclpal zoning ordinance and maps In accordance with the municipal River Protection Master Plans and model County River Protection Overlay Zone regulations. 1. Based upon updated master plans Incorporating river p(otectlon programs, recommend model zoning changes that can be Incorporated Into the existing ordinance of local Jurladlctlon. Assist, u O,J,l,P 2,3-5 A,E,J D,B,J,l,G,K,M,C,U,T,P 1,2 A necessary, each Jurladlction In adopting the model ordinance to the specific needs and characteristics of that jurisdiction. COMMUNITY FACILITIES 9. CONSOLIDATION/COORDINATION OF PUBLIC SERVICES B A. Promote the possibilities of coordination/consolidation at the County and local levels. 1. ~ co Establish a "blue ribbon" panel of County Department Heads, County Board representatives, a representative from each Jurisdiction (local govt., special assessment districts, school districts and utility districts) to meet and discuss the possibilities and potentials of coordination among entitles. B. Investigate the privatization of some services. 1. Based upon the results of the Initial meeting, publish a work paper Identifying a recommended administrative and coordinating structure to oversee the analysis, evaluation and recommendations relative to a consolidation/coordination effort. D,B 1 A 2. Proceed to study In detail existing conditions and Identify specific options for Improving the costeffectiveness of the delivery of services at all levels of the County, concentrating on consolidation, coordination and privatization. D,B,J,l,G,K,M,C,U,T,P 1,2,3-5 A 3. Develop and publish a draft report of findings to all Impacted jurisdictions and agencies In the County for review and comment. D,B 3-5 A D,B, 3-5 A D,B 3,6-10, 11-15, 16-20 A 4. Revise the study as necessary and submit to local jurisdictions and the County Board of Commissioners for adoption by each unit. 5. Establish a "coordinating council" to oversee implementation of study recommendations. �·• • : ,Mij~1.im1tmf!~~:1:1• 1::• i• 111i:i li:11:a ~ :!1• :• 1·11•1 1• •:• •1• 1:•1: ~ it•• · N 10. SOLID WASTE RESOURCE RECOVERY AND DISPOSAL A. Encourage creation/expansion of the recycling market. 1. Draft and solicit a resolution to be adopted by local units of government encouraging appropriate atate and federal leglalatlon to promote aource separation, recycling and packaging practices. I N,B,P 1,2 A 2. Promote, and work with, local entrepreneurs Involved In "start-up' businesses to use recyclable materials as raw material for new products. Assist such businesses with technical assistance programs, Industrial tax abatements and providing a clearing house for applicable federal and state grant program Information. I N,B,E,S 1,2,3-5,6-10, 11-15,16-20 A,D,E,I B. Budget for ongoing coordination of solid waste management planning. 1. Establish a meeting among local Jurisdictions to discuss potential for COOl'dlnatlng existing aolid waste management activities and the establishment of a Countywide Solid Waste Management Authority to coordinate aolid waste management programs. N,B,P A A,C,E 2. Explore the various funding options available to finance Implementation of the County's Solid Waste Management Plan. N,D,B,P 3. Develop a 1-year and 5-year Capital Improvement Program for solid waste management, Including coordination/consolidation of existing programs and establish a budget accordingly. N,D,B,P A,2,3-5,6-10 11-15, 16-20 A N,B,P 1,2 A 1' .,j. 0 4. Establish a Solid Waste Management Authority with the commission to administer solid waste coordination operations within the County. C. Budget for professional management consulting services and advice on managing the Implementation of the Plan. 1. Coordinate a meeting between County, City of Midland and Townships officials to discuss shared funding of a management consultant. 2. Establish a budget and description of responsibilities. 3. Develop a Request for Proposals and solicit proposals from qualified ~mpanles. 4. Select consultant and begin programs; ensure consultant Is answerable to an Identified body/individual (on a regular basis). I N,P N,P N,P N,P • ' • ' • \ • ' • ' a 1a , a ' • ' • ' • ' • ' • ' I 1 IA I 1,3-5 IA I: 1: �..,~ ...... ... WIil ... 1111111] i.11 --------·•:· !~i¥p~[if!~l·• :, t••: •: •: 1:•!:t• 1·1~~:: •:i:!l• :·• ,. , ,.:• ;:}:I• •t~~~i·•:• • ·:, ':,: POLICIES/STRATEGIES/ACTIONS : D. Work to implement program and schedule contained In the Solid Waste Management Plan. 1. Review implementation schedule In adopted Solid Waste Management Plan and develop a corresponding detailed work program for each program/project identified In the Implementation program. N,P 1,2 A 2. N,P 1,2 A Establish/utilize organizations Identified In the Implementation schedule in the Plan. E. Establish public education programs and promote public awareness of Immediate need to select solid waste recovery and disposal facility proce88 and proceed with Implementation of designed facility (and) provide method of funding . 1. Utilize the County Solid Waste Management Plan and develop an updated Information base describing the existing status of solid waste disposal facilities In the County and the future capacity of the County to dispose of wutes. I N 2 A.E 2. Distribute information to local units, organizations and the private sector, describing the condition and capacity of existing facilities in the County and the likely impacts of future demand. I N,P,S 2 A.E 3. Follow the implementation program In the County Solid Waste Management Plan Update, Including establishment of the recommended organizational atructure(s) and pursue funding sources as appropriate, Including local private and public Investment. I N,B,P,S 1,2,3-5 A,E,J A I ...,I. ...,I. 11. INTERGOVERNMENTAL PLANNING OF UTILITIES B A. Assess county-wide water distribution and sanitary sewerage needs In an area-wide plan with recommendations; prepare an area-wide water and sewer plan dealing with needs for Improvements, financing and responsibilities and coordinate with local land use plans. 1. Using the County Comprehensive Land Use Plan and projected housing unit growth as a guide, Identify townships expected to experience a numerical growth above a defined number of households. Analyze all townships In detail to Identify the location of existing residential, commercial and industrial activities In each township. Establish a specified residential density as a "benchmark" and Identify those areas that currently exceed that density. Develop a composite or "overlay" map combining the results of both maps to Identify high growth townships and specific higher density locations In the County. Outline utility service areas that reflect existing high density areas and areas most likely to develop within fast growing townships. I B,J,P,O 1,2,3-5 A.C,E,J 2. Present the results to officials In affected townships for review and discussion. Work with township officials to identify, establish and implement a sewer and water development/Improvement program in a controlled , efficient phased process consistent with planned development. I B,J,P,O 2 A,C,E,J �-------------- 'if•1jl~-~ili~i _ _ 1::m;~~:: 1 :::::•· ''''='\(i~IJB.CE; T 12. SCHOOL DISTRICT COOPERATION A. Explore the creation of an "umbrella" oversight committee to undertake a study of possibilities of coordination/cooperation among school districts and guide the process. 1. Contact administrators of all school districts within the County and establish a meeting to discuss common Issues, concerns and possibilities that could be mutually addressed and Identify the potential for forming a committee of representatives from each district to formulate plans and programs for Increased coordination. 2. Assist the committee in obtaining data, general Information, and public input in the program. T 1,2 A,J I T I 1,2 I A.J I T I 1,2,3-5 I A.J B. Prepare a strategic plan outlining how facilities, resources and programs could be shared effectively. 1. 2. ;;,;: I ..... II Form a strategic planning program/process that Includes focus groups developing solutions and specific activities for particular Issues, with coordination/cooperation/efficiency as the underlying theme. Publish the results of the strategic plan (recommendations/specific activities) and distribute to all households in the County via IChool district newsletters. IT I 3-s I A.J I 3-5 I A.J C. Evaluate foundation funding for the Plan, as well as implementation. I\) 1. Continue to monitor progress of assigned activities identified in the Plan and assist districts In obtaining funding for cooperative programs as identified In the strategic plan. T D,B 13. COUNTY FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT A. Solicit short-range and long-range budgetary needs from various County departments and agencies. 1. Recommend a budgeting technique to be adopted by the County Board that represents an efficient approach to validating current programs (such as zero based budgeting) . 2. Solicit surveys of all County departments and agencies under County Board of Commissioners' control requesting Identification of effectiveness of the previous year's expenditures of each department and short-range and long-range goals, programs and expenditures proposed for the department over the next 1-year and 5-years. 3. Develop long-range forecast of revenues and expenditures. .. I D,B I 1 IA I D,B I 1 IA I D,B I 2 IA JII . . . . . . . . . . _.._ . . �... .. - WI WI WI 11111 11111 .. ... .. - - - -1 - - -- IM:~ili~?t~~~ r 1~~ r\:,_; I:,: : : t~~~~ > :I::::::i: = B. Provide for review and Input of the proposed departmental capital budgets by the County Planning Commission. 1. Develop a synopsls/overvlew of adopted County plans and present to the County Planning Commission along with the goals, programs and expenditures proposed by each departmentjagency. Assist the Planning Commission In reviewing and analyzing proposals relative to plans and adjusting department goals and programs to conform to/coordinate with overall plan recommendations. I 0,8,J 1,2 A 0,8,J 2 A 0,8,J 1,2 A C. Develop and adopt a county-wide short-range and long-range Ananclal Management Plan/Capital Improvements Program and Incorporate the plan Into the County annual budgeting process. 1. Submit any revised programs back to departments/agencies for review and comment. Incorporate the results Into a draft management plan for presentation to the County Board of Commissioners for review and adoption. 0 . Annually review and amend the County Financial Management Plan/Capital Improvements Program. 1. Submit any revised programs back to departments/agencies for review and comment. Incorporate the results Into a draft management plan for presentation to the County Board of Commlsslonera for review and adoption. ~ ~ w 14. SOCIAL SERVICES PLANNING A. u Inventory and analyze the efficiency of existing social service providers and programs. 1. Appoint a County standing committee to evaluate social service providers and programs. u 2. Undertake an Inventory of the existing programs, their Impacts and operations, provided by state and local social service related agencies. u 1,2 A,J 3. Establish a list of standards by which to evaluate and measure programs. u 1,2 A,J 4. Conduct evaluation and provide results to County and service providers. u 2 A.J A �•:•,•· 'Mi'-'/iNJit ffit,~~::•: i• ,,j: :i !\i\i:•: :i:i~ ~, • i !\i :•;: :• 1·•·:; :; ;: •i!iftii~-• • ·•· •·•., ·. -: {' ::~[ldi~s)STRATEGIES/ACTIONS :r::'x;::: : :; ; ;:; t\ 8 . Establish consortium of service providers to forecast and evaluate future social service needs. u 1. Contact all service providers to Identify interest in forming consortium. 2. u If interest Is shown, invite all providers to organization meeting. A,J 1,3-5 u 3. Have providers forecast social service needs and evaluate and rank results aocordlng to A,J A,J Importance. C. Develop and adopt a aociai services delivery plan to reflect projected demands and available resources. u 2 A,J 2. Include recommendations for financing proposed programs. u 2 A,J 3. Present study to providers and County Planning Commission for review and comment. J ,U 2 A,J 4. Present results of study to County Board of Commissioners for adoption. B,U 2 A,J COUNTY HOUSING J 1. ... ~ 15. Use results of forecast and evaluation as basis for formulating a service dellvery plan that will improve existing programs and recommend additional programs as neceaaary. PLAN .I:,. A. Reassess housing needs data on a 5-year basis via a County-wide Housing Needs Analysis. 1. Meet with housing providers/social service agencies. I 2. Establish a general scope of work for undertaking a housing needs analysis and useaament. I J,C A,J 3. Promote/obtain financing to fund the assessment; retain outside consultant or perform assessment I D,B,J,C A,D,E,H,J I J,C J,C,U A In-house. 4. Work closely with organization/Individual conducting assessment to ensure accurate and 1,2 comprehensive Information. . . _.... _.. Mil . . .. _.. �-,a, -.., '11.11 WI ~ ~ WII la 1111111 .. .. - - - _, - - - IM~~p~~?~~es,, POLICIES/STRATEGIES/ACTIONS l:!tr/ ~~~ -· 1 ::,~ ~ :- B. Evaluate methodologies and programs to Increase owner-occupied units In the County. 1. Research successful projects from other communities that have Increased owner-occupancy. J,C I 1 IA J,C I 2 IA 3. Assess research Information relative to meeting the requirements and standards establllhed above. J,C I 2 IA 4. Identify and further study those program options that best meet the requirements and standards. J,C I 3-5 IA 5. Adopt the option for inclusion in a county-wide housing plan. J,C I 3-5 IA 2. Establish goals, policies and evaluation standards for application to Midland County. C. Prepare County-wide Housing Plan which identifies measures for Implementation. ~ I ~ 01 II II 1. Obtain funding to develop plan. D,B,J,C 2. Work with selected outside consultant or in-house staff to complete plan, Including Implementation measures. J,C I I A,O,E,H,J A,D,E,H,J :.3-5 D. Explore the establishment of a vehicle for implementation of the Housing Plan, such as a nonprofit Housing Corporation. 1. Review nonprofit housing providers in other communities to Identify and evaluate structure and programs that may be applied In Midland County. 2. Research other, more current innovative organizational structures that may be utilized and evaluate according to objective criteria and standards. 3. Select structures and programs that will likely provide the most benefit and which can realistically be Implemented. 4. Engage in the formation of the selected organization(s) . I I I I J,C I J,C 11,3-5 J,C B,J,C I I 1 1 2 I I I I A,D,H,J A,D,H,J A,D,H,J A,J E. Consider forming a City-County housing trust fund to finance housing. 1. Develop proposal outline for the organization and operation of a Trust Fund. D,B,J,C 1 A,J 2. Meet with City and County officials and social services providers to discuss Interest and potential. J,C,P,U 1 A,J 3. If a Trust Fund is considered viable, develop a draft plan for organizing, financing and operating the Trust Fund. D,J,C 2 A,J 4. Procure funding (grants, fund-raising campaign, etc.) and implement plan. D,J,C I 1,2,3-5,6-10, 11-15,16-20 I A,O,H,J �@m-,~e.~l~li~jj: 1:\i:1:1:1 .11:1:1 1i : :lil\:! !:(••-1••:•••:::;:•:•:•~i~1••:• •:i·•:·•·•· • :• • 1 F. Formulate model codes for local units to use to maintain and Improve the County's housing stock. 1. Review and assess existing housing related codes that have been adopted by local units of J,C A,D,H,J J,C,P A,D,H,J 3. Evaluate codes and regulations In accordance with specified objectives. J,C,P A,D,H,J 4. Develop model codes and recommend to each unit of government within the County for adoption (u la or with modification). J,C,P government within the County. 2. Research applicable codes utilized In other communities. 16. NORTH-SOUTH CIRCULATION A. ~ ..... 0) 2 A,D,H,J L Prepare a report on analysis of problems with recommended solutions. 1. Initiate a study to Inventory existing conditions and potential problems. L A,K 2. Develop goals for achieving optimum north-south circulation and establish standards for evaluating/ meeting those goals. L A,K 3. Identify programs/solutions and evaluate relative to established standards. L 2 A,K B. Include County transportation needs In the County Road Commission's Capital Improvement Program. 1. Incorporate the results of the above report Into a specific series of Implementation measures. I L 2 I A,K 2. Develop cost estimates and identify revenue sources for each Implementation measure or project. I L 2 I A,K 3. Identify phasing of specific projects. I L 3-5 I A,K I L 3-5,6-10, 11-15, 16-20 I A,K L 1,2,3-5,6-10, 11-15, 16-20 4. Incorporate all of the above components Into a Capital Improvement Program and promote through adoption process. C. Budget annual capital expenditures with CIP. 1. Budget annual capital expenditures with CIP. A,K J,L,P,R 17. ACCESS MANAGEMENT/CORRIDOR DEVELOPMENT A. Organize a joint Steering Committee for the process. 1. Develop outline of proposed policy and send letters to appropriate agencies and communities requesting participation. J,L,P,R A,K 2. Hold meetings to discuss proposed program and organizational structure. J,L,P,R A,K - 1 -! ~ I _.., 1 _..111111 _..., _..1111 ---- ~ ! ....,1111 �W -wit -.._. WI 1111 11111 ·. . ·.;:-::; 1a .,_ WII :;::-; -; .... .. -- - :·_·-:-:. POLICIES/STRATEGIES/ACTIONS ... .... - - - I·•· IMPLEMENT!~ BOQI~$ AND PARTICIPANT$ . 1111111' .. ' SCHEDULE . . • FUNDING · • .... SOURCE : ' (Y~) / B. Seek funding for Committee. 1. Review financing/funding sources. A,K D,B,J,L,P,R 2. Apply for appropriate funding program/resources. D,B,J,L,P,R A,K,J 2 C. Prepare report on M-20 corridor land use and traffic service for the State, County Road Commission and municipalities. 1. Assign responsibility among committee members to draft report. I J,L,P,R I 1 I A,K 2. Contract with professional consultant to conduct study. I J,L,P,R I 1 I A,K J,L,P,R I 1 I A,K 4. Develop recommendations and adopt study report. J,L,P,R I 2 I A,K 5. J,L,P,R I 2 I A,K J,L,P,R I 2 I A,K 3. Conduct data collection and analysis. Present report to all units of government along corridor. 6. Assign organization and personnel to Implement plan. ~ ..... ......, D. Prepare a report on Saginaw Road corridor land use and traffic service for the State, County Road Commission and municipalities. 1. Prepare report on Saginaw Road corridor land use and traffic service for the State, County Road Commission and municipalities; Incorporating the study procedure and criteria as recommended for the M-20 corridor. 18. AREA-WIDE COMPREHENSIVE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING A,K 2,3-5 J,L,P,R J,L,P,R A. Incorporate north-south circulation and bicycle and pedestrian trafficway pollcles Including public transit, rail and airport planning needs, Into the area-wide comprehensive transportation planning process. 1. Inventory existing transportation facilities and analyze existing conditions and life expectancies of existing components. 2. Apply population and land use projections to Identify system demand. ~ I J,L,P,R I J,L,P,R I 1,2 I: I A,K,E,J I A,K,E,J 3. Develop a system 'model" that distributes traffic among different modea and Identify optimum system capacities. J,L,P,R 4. Develop recommended Improvements/expansions to accommodate projected optimum system. J,L,P,R 3-5 A,K,E,J 5. Establish goals and policies to Implement recommendations. J,L.P,R 3-5 A,K,E,J A,K,E,J �1,::;:,(' :::::: ::f•· I": \:.: ) A.JNDING : •·•. IMPLEMEJJtiNQ~IE.., · ANo PAITT1c1p~s:Jh,: IL<tl~IXJLE ?''"'=':> tvi=Mf ::, · •·,:· ., , ,··souRCe :·'.:::: POLICIES/STRA.TEGIES/ACTIClNS B. Formulate Alea-wide Transportation Steering Committee 1. Establish list of recommended professionals and representatives who would best contribute to developing a comprehensive transportation plan. I 1 I A.K.E,J J,L,P,R I 1 I A,K,J,E,J, J,L,P,R I 1 I A,K,E,J J,L,P,R I 2. Contact persons on list to determine Interest and seek funding for planning. 3. I Conduct organizational meeting, Including establishing project goals and procedures. C. Prepare a report on analysis of street and highway needs data. 1. Conduct Inventory of all existing systems and modes within the County. J,I,L,P,R A,K,E,J 2. Based upon population and land use projections, as well as existing deficiencies, ldsntlfy future transportation system nHda. J,l,L,P,R 1,2 A,K,E,J 3. Prepare and distribute report on transportation needs. J,L,P,R 1,2 A,K,E,J J,L,P,R 2,3-5 A,K,E,J D. Prepare an area-wide traffic analysis Including traffic generation data, origin and destination study and traffic flow assignments. ~ 1. Identify traffic zones throughout the County and conduct origin/destination surveys of automobile and commercial/industrial traffic at Identified survey points. ~ CX> E. 2. Analyze land uses within the County by zone and apply standard rates for traffic generation to each type of land use; apply thoae rates to the volume of land uses In each zone to determine total trip generation rates In each zone. I J,L,P,R 2,3-5 A,K,E,J 3. Utilize existing computerized traffic assignment programs; assign traffic volumes along specified routes to Identify capacities and demands; utilize same program for projected volumes baaed upon future land use and population scenarios. I J,L,P,R 2,3-5 A.K.E,J 1. .Access existing data on bridges In County. L,P,R 1 A 2. Conduct a structural Inspection on any bridge In the County that has not been Inspected within the past three years. L,P,R 1,2 A,K,E,J 3. Prepare reports on the condition and recommended maintenance and/or upgrading of each Inspected bridge. L,P,R 2,3-5 A,K,E,J 4. Establish annual Inspection program. L,P,R 1,2,3-5,6-10, 11-15, 16-20 A,K,E,J Prepare a report on critical bridges and historical data on bridges. . ,•• JII> . , Jlf Jilt . . . . ~ 1 J/11/1 �.. _WI_.WI W. .... .. -- - -- - - - - -- <•'MPµ:,;,~Nii'~ij§ tl••::::tI•i.i]tit·l.::tu:wHo.t~<3 ,cc ?'ANO PARTIC!P~l?'? ' f •:::: ? (YJ:AR) ·••• I :\? $9llRCE·• ' Prepare long-range transportation plan report for all transportation modes. F. 1. Conduct an Inventory and analysis of nonmotorized transportation systems In the County and develop a plan according to the Bicycle and Pedestrian Trafflcwaya recommendations below. 2. A,K,E,J J,l,L,P,R Incorporate the Bicycle and Pedestrian Trafficways into the studies and reports described above to formulate a comprehensive transportation plan. J,l,L,P,R 2 A,K,E,J G. Prepare report on a short-range capital Improvements program. 1. Develop specific strategies and projects to Implement the programs Identified In the comprehensive transportation program over the next five years. I J,L,P,R 1,2,3-5 A,K,E,J 2. Identify associated costs and revenue sources for each project. I J,L,P,R 1,3-5 A,K,E,J 3. Define persons, organizations and agencies responsible for each project. 4. ~ -A. co Prioritize projects to Identify Implementation In one-year and five-year phases. 19. BICYCLE AND PEDESTRIAN TRAFFICWAYS A. J,L,P,R A,K,E,J J,L,P,R A,K,E,J l,L Incorporate the County's rails-to-trails program Into a bicycle and pedestrian trafflcways policy. 1. Incorporate the County's rails-to-trails program Into a bicycle and pedestrian trafflcwaya program. A,E,K l,L B. Report on origins, destinations and needs. 1. Formulate & conduct a survey of bicyclists & hikers to Identify origins, destinations & preferences. l,L 1,2 A,E,K 2. Tabulate and analyze survey results. 1,L 2 A,E,K 3. Publish report Identifying results and analysis of survey. l,L 2 A,E,K C. Report on a long-range plan. 1. Analyze existing facilities for existing and future capacities. 1,L A,E,K 2. Project future demand. 1,L A,E,K 3. Develop goals and objectives for bicycles and pedestrian pathways. 4. Propose bicycle and pedestrian path corridors for the next 20 years In the County. 5. Identify Implementation measures, Including strategies. 1,L 2 A,E,K l,L 2 A,E,K l,L 2 A,E,K �IM.~~~fJl~~1::1 :, r:: : : : 1:1 1:w1,,\, . · 1 D. Report on a Capital Improvements Program. E. 1. Define specific projects under long-range plan implementation measures. l,L 1,2 A,E,K 2. Identify associated phasing costs, revenues and funding sources. l,L 1,2 A,E,K l,L,P,R 1,2 A,E,K Report on a coordination program with County and City streets and highway planning and County and City parks and recreation planning. 1. Report on a coordination program with County and City streets and highway planning and County and City parka and recreation planning. F. Seek MOOT financing assistance. 1. 1,L,R Seek MOOT financing assistance. E 20. LOCATION OF INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT A. ~ ~ K Encourage planned Industrial and commercial parks to locate where services are available and where site location standards indicate. E 1,2,3-5 A,D,E,J 2. Draft standards that identify desirable site locations for Industrial and commercial parks. E 3-5 A,O,E,J 3. Develop a quantitative scale {value) Indicating the relative Importance of each standard . E 3-5 A,D,E,J 4. E 3-5,6-10 A,O,E,J T,E 3-5,6-10 A,D,E,J 1. Utilize ranking system above to identify best sites in these districts. T,E 3-5,6-10 A,D,E,J 2. Work with appropriate local units of government to acquire property. P,E 3-5,6-10 A,D,E,J 3. Access public and private funding sources to develop sites. D,B,P,S 3-5,6-10 A,D,E,J 4. Undertake an industrial target market analysis to identify most appropriate Industries for each park. E,S 3-5,6-10 A,D,E,J 5. E,S 3-5,6-10 A,D,E,J 1. Inventory and map service areas (utilities) within the County identifying locations, size and other characteristics. Rank available sites according to value. 5. Prioritize sites accordingly. B. Promote planned Industrial and commercial parks In the Bullock Creek, Coleman and Meridian public school districts. Develop and implement a promotion/attraction campaign using results of market analysis. - - - - JII . ,_ 111. ,_.. _.. �., . - 11111 , . . . . . ... . . : ):;({:(: POLl~IES/S;~TEGIES/ACTIONS · ·. WIii 1 1 c.. . ::}::r >,· =::r=ii:111:;1:;11111:1111!:1: :::11111 i:::::::::1:::::1 ... - - - - --- .,;,;: : . ~~';:t::'. . \ \ FUNDING P,E 1,2,3-5 A,0,E P,E 3-5,6-10,11-15, 16-20 A,J IM:~M;.::h~~p~~~~ . ' SOURCE C. Utilize P.A. 425 to share tax base. 1. Identify situations and locations where P.A. 425 may be most applicable. 2. Work with local units of government and businesses to adopt and Implement P.A. 425 where applicable and appropriate. 0 . Promote communications and cooperation between municipalities and County Economic Development and Planning agencies. 1. Establish a monthly "breakfast" meeting between County economic development and planning agencies and local units of government. O,J,T,P,E 2,3-5,6-10, 11-15,16-20 A,J 2. Provide for continued printed communication and promotion. P,E,S 2,3-5,6-10, 11-15,16-20 A,J 21. AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY A. ~ A Work with SCS, Farmers Home Administration and Cooperative Extension Service to define the needs for the stabilization of the local agricultural economy. I\) ....L 1. Establish a "panel" of representatives to meet on a regular basis with the goal of stabilizing the local agricultural economy. Z,A,M,E 2,3-5,6-10, 11-15-16-20 A,J 2. Conduct a survey of existing agricultural operations to identify characteristics, attitudes and Ideas. Z,A,M,E 2,3-5,11 -15 A,J Z,A,M,E 3-5 A,J 3. Develop comprehensive agricultural stabilization and expansion plan. B. Evaluate how the Midland County Planning Commission can, through traditional planning methods, assist the farm economy. 1. Meet with County Planning Commission to discuss problems and Identify strategies to Incorporate plannlng methods Into plans to assist the County's farm economy. A,J,E 3-5, 11 -15 A,J 2. Utilize County Planning Commission resources to assist in the agricultural stabilization and enhancement plan. A,J,E 3-5, 11 -15 A,J C. Input agricultural stabilization mechanisms into other planning Initiatives/Issues during Implementation. 1. Develop synopsis of agricultural stabilization and enhancement plan and reference potential situations/conditions under which each plan recommendation may be applied. A,E,M 3-5,11-15 A,J 2. Distribute synopsis to local units of government (City/Village Commissions, Township Boards, Planning Commissions) with instructions on possible applications. A,E,M,O,P 3-5, 11 -15 A,J '• �., , ,. 1~1~1Ai~ti~1~i•: : 1.:• :1: •11:1:1 1~••! •}i : 1: ,. 1!:II •:i ~~·· •,•·• •i:•. ,. 1 11 •••• 1 E 22. LABOR FORCE A. Prepare an analysis of current and future job opportunities, wage levels, job growth segments and training/education programs and requirements In the County. 1. Prepare an analysis of current and future job opportunities, wage levels, job growth segments and training/education programs and requirements in the County. E,S 1,2,3-5 A,J B. Formulate a strategy to target higher paying job categories to promote job growth in the County. 1' I\) I\) 1. Identify existing wage rates and job classifications In the County. E,S 1,2,3-5 A.J 2. Utilize targeted Industry market study described above to Identify most desirable and compatible businesses that could locate In the County. E,S 3-5 A,J 3. Identify wage rates associated with targeted Industries and compare with existing wage rates. E,S 3-5 A,J 4. Develop strategies to attract those Industries with higher wage rates than currently exist In the County. E,S 3-5 A,J p 23. PRIVATE SEWAGE SYSTEMS A. Administer and enforce municipal and township codes and ordinances In accordance with plan policies/actions and County Health Department regulations. 1. Inventory all local land use plans and identify implications of policies and land use distribution patterns relative to existing Health Department regulations. O,J,G,P 2 I A.E,J 2. Modify land use plans/policies to adapt to regulations, or vice-versa. O,J,G,P 3-5 I A.E,J 3. Establish and administer local codes and ordinances that best fit County Health Department regulations and local land use plans and pollcles. O,J,G,P 3-5,6-10,11-15,16-20 I A,E,J G 24. AJA POLLUTION CONTROL A. Encourage growth and development away from airborne particulates. 1. Analyze sources of airborne particulates, including location , type and quantity. Y,G,O,S 6-10 A,E,J 2. Analyze predominant wind direction and their Impact upon flow direction of airborne particulates. v,G,a,s 6-10 A,E,J 3. Encourage future land use development In areas least affected by particulate flow. O,J,G,Q 6-10 A,E,J •• ••.••• -: .. , :: , ~ �......... ,. .......... .. - - - - ... -- -- IIIIU POLICIES/;TRATEGIES/ACTIONS·.. );!;}::;;· <>,···::: ///::?=\,,. ·-::::);-· IM~~M:im~~p~~i'if;; : 1: 1: ~ ~~-J\j:: FUNDING ;: SOURCl( ·. B. Monitor situation for change In conditions. 1. Identify most effective equipment required for monitoring program. G,Q,S 6-10 A,E,J 2. G,Q,S 6-10 A,E,J 1. Compile generic Information on air pollution and combine with specific data pertaining to Midland County, including traditional and exotic air emissions. G,Q,S 6-10 A,E,J 2. G,Q,S 6-10 A,E,J 3. Outllne education program using collected data and remedial programs. G,Q 6-10 A,E,J 4. G,T,Q,S 6-10, 11-15, 16-20 A,E,J Purchase and utilize equipment. C. Develop a local education/awareness program. Develop recommended programs for remediating air pollution Impacts, Implement education program through schools, service clubs and other organizations. ~ 25. GROUNDWATER PROTECTION w A. G I\) Report on groundwater resources/hydrogeologlcal conditions In the County. 1. Compile existing data on hydrogeologlcal conditions, Including well logs, geologic features, etc. to utilize in computerized program that Identifies groundwater conditions throughout the County. G,Q,S 3-5 A,E,J 2. Compare existing groundwater conditions with future land use plans to determine long-range Impacts. D,J,G,Q,P,O 3-5 A,E,J G,Q 3-5 A,E,J 2. Collect data pertaining to the quantity of water used. G,Q 3-5 A,E,J 3. Identify characteristics of aquifer(s) to determine Impact on surrounding wells. G,Q 3-5 A,E,J 4. Develop a report of findings. G,Q 3-5 A,E,J B. Report on assessment of groundwater problems and the Impact of large users drawing down the water table. 1. Identify existing large users of water. �, , · •·I•.iM:tril~~il~~~!: • ;l~!~:i•1~J%, •1:•1•1•· 11 1 1 •••• 11 11 • 1 :• 1i:•~~i~ : : • ·•· · •· 11 1 •:•i1 C. Report on groundwater protection management plan Including protection measures and a monitoring system . 1. Analyze data collected above and develop goals and objectives for protection of groundwater. G,Q , 3-5 A,E,J 2. Develop a plan based upon derived goals and objectives. G,Q 3-5 A,E,J 3. Recommend a system for effectively monitoring the success/failure of the proposed plan. G,Q 3-5 A.E,J D. Establish priorities for monitoring suspected groundwater contamination areas, such as existing municipal landfills, closed dump sites, Act 307 site, etc. 1. Establish a weighting (ranking) system for evaluating Importance of land uses relative to groundwater protection. O,J,G,Q 6-10 A.E,J 2. Utilize system to evaluate and prioritize suspected contamination sites. G,Q 3-5,6-10 A.E,J B,J,G,Q 3-5 A.E 2. Draft and send a letter describing goal and Intent and request participation. B,J,G,Q,S 3-5 A,E 3. Establish organization meeting and date and time. B,J,G,Q 3-5 A.E 4. B,J,G,P,Q,S 3-5 A,E O,J,G,Q,S 6-10 A,E B 26. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANNING ~ ~ A. Solicit Interest from selected groups to participate In defining the Intent and scope of a comprehensive environmental management plan. 1. Define the goal and intent of establishing a plan, develop a list of prospective public and private sector organizations and Individuals. Hold organization meeting. B. Undertake 11n Inventory and evaluation of current environmental contamination conditions ~ncludlng P.A. 307 sites) and project the potential for future contamination/pollution. 1. Review projected future land use configurations and Identify potential associated contamination (based on standard manufacturing processes or activities associated with each projected use). ... ... ~ - a lllllf' ..., .... ..,_ .~ ·- ·- =- -,,;::__ �.. .. - - - - - -- -- - ,__, WI . . 1111 Ila •:;. •. ... )ifu ._ .•_ _ . .:::. · = / ·. =, :.= ·,= •==,fjr::=lf ·• POLICIES/STRATEGIES/ACTIONS IMPLEMENTING. B()OlES- . AND PARTICIPANTS . :/> $CHEOU~ \r. (YEAR)" FUNDING .• SOURCE C. Develop a county-wide Environmental Management Plan addressing Issues of air, water, solls, noise and visual pollution . 1. Collect data on environmental pollutants, P.A. 307 site Inventory, future land use, site contamination analysis and potential air pollution generators determined under the air pollution control strategy J,G,Q,S 3-5 A,E,J 2. Analyze Impacts of future population growth and land use distribution patterns on those Issues. O,J,G,Q 3-5 A,E,J 3. Establish goals and objectives for mitigating environmental pollution concerns and analyze those J,G,Q,S 3-5 A,E,J J,G,Q,S 3-5 A,E,J 5. Present plan tor review to the group selected above. B,J,G,Q,S 3-5 A,E,J 6. Adopt and publish plan. B,J,G,Q 3-5 A,E,J G,Q,S 3-5 A,E,J 2. Identify the various hazardous materials produced or used in the County and their current methods and practice of storage or disposal. G,Q,S 3-5 A,E,J 3. Meet with hazardous materials handlers In the County and In conjunction with research materials G,0 ,5 3-5 A,E,J G,Q,S 3-5 A,E,J B,J,G,P,Q,S 3-5 A,E,J J,G,Q,S 6-10 A,E,J 2. Develop specific Implementation programs associated with program goals and objectives. J,G,Q,S 6-10 A,E,J 3. Promote the adoption of the program by local units of government. B,J,G,P,Q 6-10 A,E,J G,P,Q,S 6-10 A,E,J and Inventories. Impacts upon the local economy. 4. :f- Develop policies and strategies to Implement the plan. 0 . Establish a county-wide hazardous materlals management program. "' CJl 1. Research available Information/publications pertaining to hazardous materials and their safe handling, storage and disposal. Identified above, Identify beat management practices. 4. Develop a program for management of hazardous materials, emphasizing voluntary compliance where appropriate and mandatory compliance where necessary. 5. Adopt management program and associated ordinances as necessary. E. Develop a comprehensive environmental management program that Is capable of being Implemented and politically and financially acceptable to the public and private sectors. 1. 4. Incorporate all of the above programs into a comprehensive program framework. Through the organization established above, promote voluntary acceptance of the program by the private sector. F. Solicit voluntary compliance and require mandatory compliance when necessary. �---·--- - --- .._ __ ·• :,,~:!~lirit~~i-:1• ·l•:1:1:::;j:!jl j~~ ij::lj:l: :t•••1.:iIi: : •:i\j~t~~·: : • ·':• •. 11 1 1 F. Solicit voluntary compliance and require mandatory compliance when necessary. 1. Solicit voluntary compliance and require mandatory compliance when necessary. 6-10 A,E,J p 27. MUNICIPAL ANO TOWNSHIP MASTER PLANS A. G,P,Q,S Prepare/update/adopt master plans and community facilities plans. 1. Encourage each local unit of government with a land use plan adopted 5 or more years ago to update lta plan. O,J,P 2,3-5,6-10, 11-15, 16-20 A,J 2. Provide a general outline of the process local units should use to evaluate the viability of existing plans and Items that should be considered In a good plan. O,J,P 2,3-5 A-J 1. Educate local Planning Commissions as to their responsibilities to review proposed public works plans from all local, county and state agencies, to ensure conformance with adopted plans. O,J 3-5,6-10,11 -15,15-20 I A.J Encourage local Planning Commissions to develop and adopt a process for evaluating proposed public works projects. O,J 3-5,&-10, 11-15, 1&-20 I A.J B. Encourage local Planning Commission review of public works In accordance with adopted master plans. 2. ~ ~ J 28. LOCAL PLANNING INFORMATION A. Provide current geographical Information maps. J 3-5 A,J H,J 3-5 A,J H,D,B,J 3-5 A,J J 3-5 A,J J 3-5 A,J 1. Develop a file of existing socioeconomic data for the County and each of Its local Jurisdictions. J,P,E 3-5 A,J 2. Develop a list of information available and distribute to local units. J 3-5 A,J 3. Establish a system to allow access by local governments. H,J 3-5 A,J 1. Evaluate & define the mapping goals and associated needs of the County, municipalities & twps. 2. Identify computer hardware and software that best fits the County's computerized mapping needs. 3. Purchase/lease equipment and programs, or hire consultant, to develop maps. 4. Collect data , existing maps and generate updated computer maps. 5. Distribute maps to local units as requested. B. Provide current socioeconomic data. :..al' ..... ~ - .~ ..... •'--' - ~ -=-- �-.. . . . . . Wt .. .. - - - la ~ IM~Mp~~~t~ES( POLICIES/STRATEGIES/ACTIONS - }' - ~ I<( ~~~ .:, -I': . .... : :~~~ C. Continue County Planning Commission review of local plans to ensure coordination with the County Plan. D. ~ I\) --..a 1. Notify all local units of government to remind them they are required to send local plans to the County Plannlng Commission for review. O,J,P 3-5 A 2. Establish a general review framework that allows for objective evaluation and conforms with the contents of the plan. J 3-5 A Provide educational resources for local unit planning processes. 1. Continue to monitor and offer attendance at conferences and seminars to the County Planning Commission members. J 2. Annually budget for educational seminars and conferences for County Planning Commission members. D,B,J 3. Sponsor conferences within the County for educating local Planning Commission members on specific planning ISSt.tes. J,O,P 4. Encourage local Planning Commissions to attend state-wide and regional conferences and seminars. O,J,P 29. PLANNING EFFORT BY LOCAL GOVERNMENTAL UNITS A. I I I 1,2,3-5,6-10, 11-15,16-20 IA 1,2,3-5,6-10, 11-15, 16-20 IA 2,3-5.6-10. 11-15, 16-20 I 2,3-5,6-10, 11-15, 16-20 IA A J Recommend updating master (and land use) plans In the context of conducting township zoning coordination reviews. 1. Utilize Information In Table 52 and review local zoning ordinances and plans. O,J,P 3-5 I A 2. Identify areas where local units' zoning maps and texts do not reflect proposals In the local plan. O,J,P 3-5 I A 3. Identify areas where land use plans, zoning maps and ordinances among adjoining units of government conflict with each other. O,J,P 3-5 I A 4. Recommend changes In local land use plans, zoning, ordinances and maps to reflect greater coordination between ordinances and plan proposals of each jurisdiction as well as among adjoining jurisdictions. O,J,P 3-5,6-10, 11-15, 16-20 I A O,J,P 3-5,6-10, 11-15, 16-20 I A B. Conduct and sponsor workshops on preparing/updating municipal master plans, zoning documents and developing current standards. 1. Conduct and sponsor workshops on preparing/updating municipal master plans, zoning documents and developing current standards. �t/!~ j~lflflil:: : 1i:!i l! Ji !li!:ij e~j :! li!l :i l:i;:j{l :'l: : : : : Wtru°~~t:::> 1 1 1 C. Evaluate innovate approaches tried in other areas in Michigan (and the Nation), 1. Collect and evaluate resource data on innovative growth management techniques. J 3-5 2. Identify these techniques that are legal In Michigan and which can function In Midland County. J . 3-5 Provide reports to local units of government that describe each technique, Its legal status In O,J,P 3. I I A I A 3-5,6-10,11-15,16-20 A H,D,B,J 3-5 A H,D,B,J 3-5 A H,D,B,J 3-5 A Michigan and the condition, under which the technique could or should be applied. B 30. COUNTY-WIDE GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYTEMS (G.I.S.) A. Conduct a GIS feasibility analysis. 1. Develop a position paper on the need for Incorporating a GIS system within County government and present to the County Board of Commissioners. B. Establish a GIS program under the leadership of the County Planning Department and the County Department of Information Systems. ~ ~ 1. Establish a GIS program under the leadership of the County Planning Department and the County Department of Information Systems. C. Inventory and analyze the GIS needs of each County department to determine required extent and capacity of proposed system. 1. Develop a survey form and distribute to each County department. 2. Tabulate surveys and Identify a list of composite needs that are most common among departments. H,D,B,J 3-5 A 3. Identify the system that best meets those needs. H,D,B,J 3-5 A 1. Request assistance from suppliers to Identify range of cost for constructing a GIS system. H,D,B,J 3-5 A 2. Request a budget allocation for developing and Implementing a GIS program. H,D,B,J 3-5 A 3. Utilize survey results to develop a request for proposals for professional assistance. H,D,B,J 3-5 A 4. Conduct selection process and work with consultant. H,D,B,J 3-5 A D. Work with a GIS professional to construct and Implement a GIS program for the County, responsive to the needs of each department. =- ·" - _, .--- "Jlllliia ... ... ... .... .. .( .. �,.. . . 1111 •: ~ --- - ,., POUc1es1sr~~~a1es1ACTIONS I;fff IIlJrii :=Jt 1 ···-, =;i: 1::1:::Ii::If Wlllfr .. . . ..., IMPLEMENT!;q~Ql~S AND PARTICIPANT~ ' . ....... - -"" : )( ~ ~ ~- j:/ r):\~i~~ - E. Educate County Department of Planning and County Department of Information Systems In the application and updating of the GIS system. H,D,B,J 3-5 A H,D,B,J 3-5,6-10, 11-15, 16-20 A D,B,J 2 A D,B,J 2 A D,B,J 2 A D,B,J 2 A D,B,J 2 A 1. Identify conditions and situations under which consultant should be utilized. D,B,J 2 A 2. Identify on annual basis projects which will require consulting assistance and establish D,B,J 2,3-5,6-10, 11-15, 16-20 A D,B,J 2 A 1. Educate County Department of Planning and County Department of Information Systems in the application and updating of the GIS system. F. Continue to evaluate the operation and efficiency of the County GIS system. 1. Continue to evaluate the operation and efficiency of the County GIS system. 31 . FORMULATION OF OTHER PLANNING ELEMENTS D,B A. Provide funding and administrative support for permanent technical and professional planning staff. 1. ~ ~ Identify planning projects and day-to-day activities in the County Planning Commission and Planning Department and calculate man- hours required to perform those tasks/projects. 2. Compare man-hours required with existing available man-hours. 3. If additional manpower required, Identify amount and qualifications neceaaa,y. 4. Identify appropriate budget and request appropriation. 5. Suggest additional funding sources, If necessary, Including user fees. B. Provide funding and administrative support for hiring special, professional oonsultlng firms to augment the permanent planning staff engaged In special projects. recommended budget for each project. 3. Request funding for project(s) in annual budget. �,~=~~,i~~,,!~1:1 t1 : : 1 :1:• n1i 1 1 : 1:1 i: : :~ t:::,: 1 1:1:1: 11:: : :t : B 32. INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION FOR PLANNING A. Actively lobby with the Michigan Association of Counties, Michigan Chapter of the American Planning Association and Michigan Society of Planning Officials to amend the County Planning Act to require County notification and coordination of various agency planning activities. 1. Actively lobby with the Michigan Association of Counties, Michigan Chapter of the American Planning Association and Michigan Society of Planning Officials to amend the County Planning Act to require County notification and coordination of various agency planning activities. V,B,J 3-5 A,J V,B,J 3-5 A,J 2. Develop preferred amendment language and Identify sponsor(s) of ieglslatlon. V,B,J 3-5 A,J 3. Continue to work with sponsor(s) to ensure passage. V,B,J 3-5 A,J B. Assist in recommending specific textual changes In P.A. 282 of 1945 pertaining to required Intergovernmental cooperation. 1. Initiate meetings with organizations identified above to discuss need for leglslatlve amendments. I ~ 33. STRUCTURE FOR IMPLEMENTING COMPREHENSNE PLAN 0 A. Encourage Involvement of Identified units of government, public/private nonprofit organizations, u> B businesses and Interested Individuals In the implementation program. 1. Develop an executive summary of this Plan and distribute to local units of government. D,B,J,P 2 A 2. Send the Identified Individuals/organizations and agencies responsible for Implementing this plan copies of the plan text with references to their specific strategic activltJea. J 2 A B. Assign ongoing/individuals to specific proposals and work with them to develop a series of strategies for each proposal. 1. Notify those Individuals/organizations and agencies of the need to communicate with the County Planning Commission and establish an •open door" policy to encourage oommunlcatlon with the Planning Commission. 2. Establish a monitoring program or system that provides for consistent oversight of the Implementation process, Including Identification of alternative strategies or actions that can be I D,B,J I 3-5 IA I D,B,J I 3-5,6-10,11-15,16-20 IA applied as necessary. 3. Provide ongoing technical assistance to each identified individual organization or agency to assist In accomplishing their objectives. 4. Provide for coordination among responsible parties with quarterly or semi-annual meetings among those working on similar or Interrelated objectives . ...._ ,__ I I I I D,B,J D,B,J,P ......... . -. ..- ·~ 3-5,6-10,11-15,16-20 3-5,6-10, 11-15,16-20 _...., IA IA .... .- ... �,.. ... . . al ~ --- ,..., - ~ WIii'} -- .-.-:-:-:-c-:-: POLICIES/STRATEGIES/ACTIONS "/ .·.. -::::::::::: ·::c. : .. :- ,_,, ., .... --- - - _.... ·,/: ~DUIJ.:: ;: IMPLEMENTING BODIE$ , . : -:: ::: (Yl:AR) ··:-:-:·· . AND PARTICIPANTS . :•} :== SOURCE C. The County Board of Commissioners should lead the lmplementatlon program and support the efforts of the County Planning Commission. 1. Ensure the County Board of Commissioners Is familiar with this plan. D,B,J 2 A 2. Encourage Board members to work with Identified parties responsible for Implementation. D,B,J 2,3-5,6-10, A 11-15,16-20 3. Update the County Board continuously on progress made in plan Implementation. D,B,J 3-5,6-10, 11, 16,16-20 A 4. Incorporate Implementation programs Into County Capital Improvements Program. D,B,J 2,3-5,6-10, 11-15,16-20 A D,B,J 2 A 2. Develop PERT or GANT Chart for those participants who failed to do ao. D,B,J 3-5 A 3. Identify dates (months) In each chart where monitoring should occur. D,B,J 3-5 A 4. Meet with specified parties in Identified month to discuss progress, problems and alternative actions If necessary. D,B,J 3-5,6-10,11-15, 16-20 A 5. Develop and maintain a 'master" chart Identifying progress or problems and coordination among D,B,J 3-5,6-10,11·15,16-20 A D. Provide for a system of monitoring the program made by participants. 1. Request each participating entity to develop a GANT Chart or PERT Chart to identify proposed activities and alternative actions. ~ c,,) ~ parties. .FUNDING - �I KEY TO IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM ( I I I I IMPLEMENTING BODIES AND PARTICIPANTS A - Cooperative Extension Services B - County Board of Commissioners C County and City Housing Commissions I - J - County Planning Commission K - County Plat Board - Local Units of Government - Michigan Department of Natural Resources R s - Private Interests (Residents, Business, Industries) T - Public School Districts/Superintendents D E F G I H I L I I M N 0 p a I I u V w I I I I I I ' y z County Controller/Administrator County Economic Growth & Development Corporation County Emergency Services Department County Health Department County Information Systems Department County Parks and Recreation Commission County Road Commission County Soil and Water Conservation District County Solid Waste Management Advisory Board Local Building, Planning and Zoning Officials Michigan Department of Transportation Social Services Consortium State-wide Planning-related Organizations U.S. Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Services U.S. Environmental Protection Agency U.S. Farmers Home Administration SCHEDULE FUNDING SOURCES 1 - One Year A 2 - Two Years 3-5 - Three through Five Years D E F G H I J - 6 - 10 11 - 15 16 - 20 Six through Ten Years Eleven through Fifteen Years Sixteen through Twenty Years - General Revenues (County /Local) B Tax Increment Financing C Special Assessment District K K-32 - Community Development Block Grant MDNR/CZM/NRFT/LAWCON/MDOC Grant User Fees Michigan Municipal Bond Authority Michigan State Housing Development Authority Small Business Administration Loans Foundation Grants/Contributions Michigan Department of Transportation I �ADDENDUM - TO THE MIDLAND COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE PLAN REPORT MIDLAND COUNTY PLANNING COMMISSION AUGUST 1993 �INSTRUCTIONS This addendum was prepared to provide the recipient of the Midland County Comprehensive Plan report, dated April 1993, with additional and revised information. The previous sections and paragraphs of the Comprehensive Plan report referred to in this addendum should be crossed out and notations made to the new sections and paragraphs. This addendum should accompany the Comprehensive Plan report for handy reference. Please follow the instructions given on the top of each page. If you have any questions, please contact: Midland County Department of Planning Midland County Service Building 220 W. Ellsworth Street Midland Michigan 48640-5149 (517) 832-6870 �TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Labor Force Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-29 Building Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-31 Development Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-34 Industrial Parks ..............-. . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . D-35 Map No. 7, Industrial & Research Parks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-37 Tri-City International Airport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-7 Sanitary Sewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-1 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-2 Grace A. Dow Memorial Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-26 Midland Community Center ............ -; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-39 Table 46, Residential Acreage Requirements ............................. J-5 Natural Conservation Area .......................................... J-16 Sewer/Water .................................................... J-19 Economic Development ............................................ J-26 �ADDENDUM Labor Force Characteristics Instructions: Add the following paragraph to the end of the Labor Force Characteristics section, page D-29. Comparing the labor force characteristics in 1988 with the estimated employment in 1990 (see Tables 25 and 29), the employment by industry has changed. Manufacturing, wholesale and retail jobs have a smaller percentage share of the total employment in 1990 compared with a larger percentage share of jobs in the construction, transportation/communication/utilities, finance/insurance/real estate, and services industries. In 1990 construction jobs made up 9.3% of the total employment; manufacturing jobs, 31.9%; transportation/communications/utilities, 1.4%; wholesale/retail, 13.0%; finance/insurance/real estate, 4.5%, and services, 30.0%. 0-29 �ADDENDUM Building Construction Instructions: Add the following paragraph to the end of the narrative on Building Construction, page D-31. Since the estimates provided by the U.S. Bureau of the Census, Construction Statistics Division, are based on reports submitted by the municipalities and townships, the estimates do not include all construction in the County. Not all of the municipalities and townships reported on their building permits issued for the period 1980 - 1990 and, therefore, not all of the actual construction costs, particularly industrial and institutional, are estimated. 0-31 �ADDENDUM Development Strategy Instructions: Substitute the following for the first paragraph of the Development Strategy section, page D-34. The Midland County Economic Development Council, (MCEDC), contracted with the Battelle Institute, a private research company, for an analysis and recommendations regarding the economic development of the Midland County area The Economic Development Corporation of the County of Midland (338 Corp.) worked with the Council on the development of the Battelle analysis. As a result of the Battelle analysis, a group of "targeted" industries was identified. A targeted industry is one in which attraction (or retention) efforts should be concentrated and which best matches the County's strengths to growth-oriented industries. Since analysis was performed the list of target industries has changed very little. D-34 �I I I I I ADDENDUM Industrial Parks Instructions: Substitute the following for the section on Industrial Parks, page D-35. Midland County is home to a variety of industrial and research parks. There are currently eight existing industrial parks and one research park. There are 22 industrial park lots currently available for construction and five available research park lots. Ownership of the parks varies, as does certification between the parks. For details concerning individual parks, refer to Table 30. Map 7 shows the general locations of the industrial and research parks. Additional lots are available for development in other industrial locations shown on this map. I I I I 0-35 �ADDENDUM Map No. 7, Industrial & Research Parks Instructions: Refer to the following note when using Map No. 7, page D-37. I I The Lincoln Industrial Park, No. 2, is located in the southeast corner of Stark and Letts Roads, not on Dublin Road. 0-37 �ADDENDUM Tri-City International Airport Instructions: Substitute the following narrative for the description of the Tri-City International Airport, pages F-7 and F-8. The 3,00CF-acre Tri-City International Airport is located nine miles northwest of Saginaw near Freeland, Michigan. The airport serves the Saginaw area, the Midland area and Bay County. There are currently two runways located at the airport. The main runway is ·8,000 feet long and 150 feet wide and the crosswind runway is 6,500 feet long and 150 feet wide. Two airlines, United and Northwest operate from the airport's two gates with passenger-loading bridges. In addition to the two airlines offering jet service, there are commuter airlines services, Continental Express, USAir Express, and Skyway. There is an average of 20 commercial flights in and out of the airport per day. Annually there are over 6,800 commercial flights serving 500,000 passengers from Tri-City's facilities. Corporate aviation is also significant at MBS. Dow Chemical and Dow Corning each have a fleet of corporate aircraft housed in their own hangars. In addition, many corporate aircraft are maintained by the fixed based operator. A concessionaire offers both short-term and long-term parking at the airport. Other concessions available at the airport include: five car rental agencies, travel agencies, and restaurant/gift shop services. U.S. Customs is located at Tri-City, making international check-in very convenient. The annual budget for the airport is $3.6 million. This figure does not include the $1 to $2 million that is received as grants from the Federal Aviation Trust Fund. The City of Saginaw, the City of Midland and Bay County each contribute $50,000 towards the airport's annual operating budget. The Tri-City International Airport has its own fire department that includes crash and rescue vehicles. It also maintains snow removal equipment. A noise impact study was recently performed for the Tri-City International Airport. The study outlines existing noise impact on the area, and also projects impacts over the next 10 years. It is based on the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) acceptable noise level standards. Note: This addendum is continued on page F-8. F-7 �ADDENDUM Tri-City International Airport description continued. The Airport's Master Plan is approved by the F.A.A. In the last five years the Airport received over ten million dollars in federal grants for improvements made to taxiways, runways, aprons, utilities, service roads, acquisition of land, fire equipment and a computerized security access system. During the next year, 1993, a federal grant will be received for construction of new terminal access drives, airfield signage and terminal modifications. The Master Plan includes an additional third runway to be parallel to the main runway, acquisition of land, rescue equipment, snow removal equipment, terminal expansion, new fire rescue facility, and airfield improvements. I I ~ I I I I F-8 �I I I I I I I I ADDENDUM Sanitary Sewer Instructions: Substitute the following for the second paragraph of the Sanitary Sewer section, page G-1. The second municipal sewer system is operated by and with the City. of Midland. The capacity of the City's wastewater treatment plant in 1993 was 12 mgd. Most areas within the City have sewer service available and capacities exist for serving a greater area The City of- Midland has adopted a sewer and water extension policy known as the MUGA or Midland Urban Growth Area Policy. Simply stated, the MUGA policy is that utility service will only be provided if one of two conditions occur. If a property is inside the MUGA boundary but outside the city limits, utilities will be provided if the property is annexed. If outside the MUGA boundary, utilities will only be provided to a governmental agency. The only instance in which this has happened is in the Midland County Water District No. 1. The system has a current capacity of 6.5 mgd, and is operating at 100 percent capacity. A new facility is located adjacent to the existing wastewater treatment plant and will increase the wastewater treatment plant's optimum capacity to 10 million gallons per day with peak flow capacities of twice that amount. Based on the City's 1990 population of a per-capita capacity of 264 gallons per day, or 96,360 gallons per year, will be available once improvements to the wastewater treatment plant are complete. Peak capacities on a per-capita basis will be twice these figures. I I I I I G-1 �• -I ADDENDUM Water Instructions: Substitute the following for the second paragraph of the Water section, page G-2. Midland County Water District No. 1 is currently administered by the Midland County Department of Public Works. Areas served in Water District No. 1 include the Village of Sanford and portions of Lincoln and Jerome townships immediately adjacent to the Village. The Water District has a 200,000-gallon storage tank in the Village of Sanford. Annually, 100-105 million gallons of water are purchased from the City of Midland by the Water District and distributed throughout the District. With an estimated population of 4,027 for Water District No. 1, the per-capita capacity is 70 gallons per day, or 25,453 gallons per year. Although the District is administered by Midland County, the system is owned by the three municipalities. This was arranged when the system was financed in 1969. When the bonds are paid off by the three municipalities new operational arrangements will likely occur. One possible arrangement could consist of the forming of a water authority between the three communities. While the three communities all have a part in the water system, each municipality is responsible for the expansion of the system. During the 1980s, 15 miles of watermains were installed. Instructions: Substitute the following for the last paragraph of the Water section, page G-2. The City of Midland's water system falls under the same extension (MUGA) policy, as the sewer. The capacity of the City's water system in 1993 was 48 mgd. When averaged for the year, 21-25 million gallons per day are pumped through the City's water system. With the City's 1990 population of 37,819 this translates to a percapita capacity of between 555 gallons per day and 661 gallons per day. Annually, on a per-capita basis, between 202,575 and 241,265 gallons of water is the current capacity of the system. Of the 21-25 million gallons pumped per day in Midland, between eight and nine million gallons are for domestic use. G-2 �ADDENDUM Grace A. Dow Memorial Library Instructions: Substitute the following for the last paragraph of the Grace A. Dow Memorial Library section, page G-26. Currently under construction is an 18,000-square-foot addition, which will alleviate the current space shortage the library is experiencing. Note: The remainder of this paragraph was deleted. ~ I I I G-26 �I I I I I I ADDENDUM Midland Community Center Instructions: Substitute the following for the first paragraph of the Midland Community Center section, page G-39. Midland Community Center offers a large variety of activities to Midland County. The Community Center, established by H. H. Dow in 1917, was moved to its current location at 2001 George Street in 1955. Since then, the center has been expanded and improved al~ times and has over 155,000 square feet of interior space. The Midland Community Tennis Center, an affiliated organization, is located at 900 E. Wackerly Road and the Midland Soccer Club, a private organization, furnishes soccer fields and facilities at 1550 N. Jefferson Road. Instructions: Substitute the following for the fourth paragraph of the Midland Community Center section, page G-40. The following list, taken from the Midland Community Center's 1991 Spring Schedule, shows the variety of programs that are available: -Indoor jogging -Indoor swimming -Weight and nautilus equipment -Steam and sauna facilities -Supervised gymnastics -Fencing -Bridge/chess teams -Various exercise and aerobic programs -Weight loss programs -Bicycle trips -Basketball and volleyball -Table tennis and football -Billiards -Racquetball and squash -Dance lessons -Children's programs -Self defense classes -Marksmanship -Arts and crafts -Camping -Summer day camp -Travel -Curling (located at 700 Gerald Court). G-39 and G-40 �I I I I I I I I I I I I I ADDENDUM Table 46. Residential Acreage Requirements Instructions: Refer to the enclosed page, J-5, for the revised Table 46, page J-5. Note: This addendum properly re-aligns the data in Table 46 among the jurisdictions. I I I I J-5 �Jasper +175 Jerome + 1,037 Larkin +883 These figures are based on arithmetic calculations and do not represent actual conditions. Warren +516 Coleman City +345 Midland City + 5,400 TABLE 46 RESIDENTIAL ACREAGE REQUIREMENTS (Low and High Density) Based on 1978/79 Acres/Unit as Applied to Projected Housing Need Jurisdiction 1978/1919 ' Acreage , TQwnshlgl! Edenville Geneva Greendale Homer Hope Ingersoll Jasper Jerome* Larkin Lee Lincoln Midland Mills Mt. Haley Porter Warren 796 304 441 1,751 300 832 297 1,320 1,112 1,225 651 800 572 543 188 549 912 412 443 1,471 549 943 383 1,604 1,010 1,090 547 812 467 503 358 622 .87 .74 1.00 1.19 .55 .80 .7() .82 1.10 1.12 1.19 .99 1.22 1.08 .53 .88 995 410 528 1,557 558 984 385 1,803 1,193 1,395 658 836 550 570 399 658 866 303 528 1,853 307 787 270 1,478 1,312 1,562 783 828 671 616 211 579 1,015 405 630 2,680 425 1,115 355 1880 1,635 1,875 1,045 1,215 830 790 280 785 1,355 535 815 3,800 640 1,555 445 2,515 2,195 2,495 1,570 1,700 1,130 1,095 385 1,095 Cities Coleman Midland 279 5,123 536 13,790 .52 .37 526 15,338 275 5,675 416 7,980 620 11,075 Count~ 17,083 26,355 .65 29,343 18,904 25,356 35,020 *Includes Village of Sanford SOURCE: U.S. Census of Population and Housing Summary Reports, 1980 and 1990; Gove Associates Inc. J-5 �ADDENDUM Natural Conservation Area Instructions: Substitute the following for the fourth paragraph of the Natural Conservation Area section, page J-16. Overall, the County should identify key natural and archeological sites; such as the Kawkawlin Wildlife Flooding and Refuge Area in Mills Township, Chippewa Nature Center and Pine Haven Recreation Area, and work with local interested organizations and the State to preserve those sites, while at the same time opening them up to public access in a manner compatible with preservation. These designated natural conservation areas provide substantial opportunity for public access for natural study and recreation. These areas are primarily located in the northern and eastern sections of the County, particularly in or near the City of Midland, providing easy access to the majority of the County's residents. In addition, parts of the Midland City Forest and the 500 acres of land owned by the City of Midland in Porter Township are considered natural conservation areas. Using National Recreation Association standards of eight acres of natural area per 1,000 persons (as identified in the Midland County 1988 Recreation Plan), the County should have 846 acres of natural/conservation lands open for public use by the year 2015. Between Pine Haven Recreation Area and Chippewa Nature Center, there are almost 1,200 acres of natural area available for public access in the County. However, other natural resource areas of significance may also exist and these should also be preserved for public access and enjoyment. Such areas should be carefully evaluated and selected, using relevant criteria to identify and rank potential sites. That process could include the following criteria: The site contains unique or abundant natural resources, such as unusual flora and fauna, plant or tree species which are indigenous to the area but in a concentration or density that makes the area unique. The site contains only limited man-made facilities associated with the operation of the natural conservation area (e.g., picnic areas, canoe launch, etc.) The site can be reasonably accessed by automobile, and adequate parking can be provided at the designated entrance to the area. The site can accommodate hiking trails without major modifications to the terrain, water courses, or plant species. The site is on existing publicly owned land (e.g., the Au Sable State Forest), or owned by a nonprofit entity willing and able to make the site available for public access. J-16 �• ADDENDUM Sewer/Water Instructions: Substitute the following for the section on Sewer/Water, page J-19. While the City of Midland has adopted an urban growth area policy for placement of water and sewer facilities, there are locations outside of that area where projected growth could warrant community sewer systems. Referring to the projected residential acreage requirements in Table 46, most townships could potentially require some form of community sanitary system in the next 25 years the exceptions include Geneva, Greendale, Jasper and Porter townships. Various options are available for future study of alternative systems. For example, if feasible, the City of Midland could expand its service area to include two or three of those townships (perhaps Homer, Larkin, Lee, Ingersoll, Lincoln and/or Midland). The recent agreements covering annexation and utility extensions between the City of Midland, Midland Township and Larkin Township, are examples of options of providing sewer and water services. The City of Coleman could service most, if not all, of Warren Township. However, lift stations would have to be provided, due to distance and topography. If warranted, Edenville and Jerome townships could consider constructing a joint sewer system, possibly owned and operated by an authority. A separate collection and treatment system(s) could be built to serve other townships as needed. For example, in townships such as Edenville, Homer and Lee, that currently have water quality problems associated with individual systems, the same options could be studied. In fact, Homer Township is planning on developing a sanitary sewer system in a portion of the township and a water system throughout the area if approved by Township residents. The Coleman water system could also be extended to serve Warren Township and possibly areas beyond the Township boundary. J-19 �.. ADDENDUM Economic Development Instructions: Substitute the following for the second paragraph of the Economic Development section, page J-26. Economic development on a county-wide scale requires coordination among jurisdictions and organizations within the County. The recent merger of the Midland County Growth Council and the Midland County Economic Development Corporation has been a positive move in that direction. This umbrella organization, the Midland County Economic Growth and Development Corporation, is oriented to economic needs throughout the County. This umbrella organization interfaces with the Small Business Center, Midland County Convention and Visitors Bureau and Economic Development Corporation of the County of Midland (338 Corp). The former functions of the Midland County Economic Development Corporation are now provided by the Midland County Economic Growth and Development Corporation. At the same time, the Midland County Convention and Visitors Bureau is targeting conventions, special events and sightseeing markets to attract outside nonmanufacturing revenue into the County. While the Economic Growth and Development Corporation and the Convention and Visitors Bureau each target different segments of the economy, benefits will likely be realized through continuing coordination between these two organizations. Maintaining a close working relationship between these two groups and the Saginaw Area Community Growth Alliance will also help leverage local economic benefits utilizing regionwide resources. I J-26 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Midland-County_Comprehensive-Plan_1993 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gove Associates, Inc. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1993-04 Title A name given to the resource Midland County Comprehensive Plan Description An account of the resource The Midland County Comprehensive Plan of April 1993 was prepared by Gove Associates Inc. and is an update of the 1987 Midland County Comprehensive Plan. Subject The topic of the resource Master plan reports Midland County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/beed8de720f7a5c372e67660d5acc802.pdf 652d20bd5a6cc49aa1f83b4380dea77a PDF Text Text FINAL DRAFT (C(O)MOFmJEilffiEN§ITVJE JFJLAN City of St. Joseph, Michigan - - - - - - - - - - - GoRAADCblesl'C @ �COMPREHENSIVE PLAN ST. JOSEPH, MICHIGAN Prepared for: CITY OF ST. JOSEPH St. Joseph, Michigan FEBRUARY 1993 Project E13991 Prepared by: GOVE ASSOCIATES INC. 1601 Portage Street Kalamazoo, Michigan �City of St. Joseph Planning Commission Burton Baker Robert Ehrenberg Patsy Hartzell Jerry Heppler Daniel Hopp Richard Lambrecht Rosemarie Reissmann Jeffrey Schmidt William Thomas Wes Harper, Jr. (Ex-Officio) �TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................. i PART I: INVENTORY, TRENDS AND PROJECTIONS • PHYSICAL FEATURES ...................................... Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Climate ............................................. Soils ............................................... Topography and Natural Features .......................... Environmental Contamination Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Floodplain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sensitive Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 A-1 A-3 A-5 A-6 A-6 A-7 A-7 POPULATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1 Population Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1 Age Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1 Population Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-5 Race Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-5 Household Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-5 Population Projections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-7 Trend Analysis Projections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1 O HOUSING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Occupancy and Tenure of Housing Units Types of Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Housing Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Age of Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Household Projections . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. ..... .. ........ ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... C-1 C-1 C-1 C-4 C-6 C-7 ECONOMY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1 Unemployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1 Employment by Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-3 Principal Economic Base Employers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-6 Available Industrial Sites in Berrien County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-8 Income ............................................. D-9 Taxes ............................................. D-10 PUBLIC AND QUASI-PUBLIC FACILITIES ........................ E-1 City Hall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-3 Police Department . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4 Fire Department . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-5 Recreational Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-5 School District . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-8 Mercy Memorial Medical Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-13 Churches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-16 Historic Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-17 �Page YWCA of South Western Michigan ·. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . KRASL Art Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Benton Harbor-St. Joseph YMCA Family Center . . . . . . . . . . . Maud Preston Palenske Memorial Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water ............................................. Wastewater Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . National Functional Classification System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average Daily Traffic Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-17 E-18 E-18 E-19 E-19 E-20 E-21 E-22 E-22 E-22 E-22 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-1 St. Joseph Questionnaire Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-1 Tabulated Survey Results ................................ F-1 Comments from Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-5 Cross-Tabulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-7 St. Joseph Planning Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-15 St. Joseph Key Person Survey Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-17 EXISTING LAND USE ...................................... Introduction .......................................... Land Use Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Existing Land Use Inventory/Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Existing Land Use Inventory/Analysis: Planning Areas . . . . . . . . . . . Potential Areas of Conflict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-1 G-1 G-1 G-2 G-5 G-9 PART II: FUTURE LAND USE, GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES GOALS, POLICIES AND ACTIONS FOR THE FUTURE ............... H-1 FUTURE LAND USE ........................................ Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Future Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-4 1-6 1-7 1-8 CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J-1 APPENDIX A - St. Joseph Planning Questionnaire St. Joseph Key Person Survey �LIST OF TABLES TABLE 8-1 POPULATION ............................................ 8-1 8-2 AGE DISTRIBUTION FOR ST. JOSEPH, BERRIEN COUNTY, MICHIGAN . . 8-2 8-3 AGE DIST~IBUTION FOR ST. JOSEPH: 1980-90 .... . .............. 8-4 8-4 POPULATION DENSITY .................................... 8-5 8-5 RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6 8-6 HOUSEHOLDS: ST. JOSEPH, BERRIEN COUNTY, MICHIGAN . . . . . . . . . 8-6 8-7 COHORT-SURVIVAL PROJECTIONS ........................... 8-8 8-8 POPULATION PROJECTIONS ............................... 8-10 C-1 OCCUPANCY AND TENURE OF HOUSING UNITS ................. C-2 C-2 TYPES OF HOUSING UNITS: 1980-1990 ........................ C-2 C-3 TYPES OF HOUSING UNITS IN ST. JOSEPH, BERRIEN COUNTY, MICHIGAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-3 C-4 MEDIAN VALUE OF OWNER-OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS ........... C-5 C-5 VALUE OF OWNER-OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS ............... . . . C-5 C-6 CONTRACT RENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-5 C-7 AGE OF HOUSING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6 C-8 HOUSEHOLD SIZE AND OCCUPIED HOUSEHOLD PROJECTIONS ..... C-7 C-9 HOUSING UNIT FORECAST ................................. C-8 C-10 HOUSING TYPE FORECAST: TOTAL UNITS ...................... C-9 C-11 HOUSING TYPE FORECAST: FUTURE NEEDS BASED ON EXISTING UNITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-10 D-1 UNEMPLOYMENT RATE .................................... D-1 D-2 1990 EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY: ST. JOSEPH, BERRIEN COUNTY MICHIGAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-4 D-3 EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY IN ST. JOSEPH: 1980, 1990 .......... D-5 D-4 PRINCIPAL ECONOMIC BASE EMPLOYERS IN BERRIEN COUNTY . . . . . D-6 D-5 OTHER EMPLOYERS IN BERRIEN COUNTY ..................... D-7 D-6 AVAILABLE INDUSTRIAL SITES ............................... D-8 D-7 INCOME FIGURES FOR ST. JOSEPH AND BERRIEN COUNTY . . . . . . . . D-9 D-8 COMPARISON OF TAX RATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-11 E-1 COMPARISON OF COMMUNITIES ............................. E-2 E-2 RECREATIONAL AREA FACILITIES ............................ E-6 E-3 MARINAS IN THE CITY OF ST. JOSEPH AND NEARBY MARINAS . . . . . . E-7 E-4 STUDENT ENROLLMENT TRENDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-9 E-5 FIVE YEAR STUDENT ENROLLMENT PROJECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-10 E-6 LEVEL OF SERVICE FOR ST. JOSEPH SCHOOL DISTRICT . . . . . . . . . . E-11 E-7 ST. JOSEPH PUBLIC SCHOOL FACILITIES ..................... E-12 E-8 SELECTED STATISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-15 E-9 CHURCHES IN ST. JOSEPH AREA ...................... . .... E-16 E-10 HISTORIC STIES IN ST. JOSEPH ............................. E-17 E-11 YMCA MEMBERSHIP TRENDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-18 G-1 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH EXISTING LAND USE ACREAGES ............. G-2 G-2 EXISTING LAND USE DISTRIBUTION FOR CITY OF ST. JOSEPH ...... G-7 1-1 LAND USE DISTRIBUTION ................................... 1-3 1-2 FUTURE LAND USE REQUIREMENTS: CITY OF ST. JOSEPH ......... 1-3 1-3 FUTURE LAND USE DISTRIBUTION ............................ 1-5 �LIST OF FIGURES Page FIGURE A-1 AVERAGE MONTHLY TEMPERATURES ......................... A-3 A-2 AVERAGE MONTHLY PRECIPITATION .......................... A-4 A-3 AVERAGE MONTHLY SNOWFALL ............................. A-4 8-1 AGE DISTRIBUTION: ST. JOSEPH, BERRIEN COUNTY, MICHIGAN ..... 8-3 8-2 AGE DISTRIBUTION: ST. JOSEPH 1980-90 ..... ............. ..... 8-4 8-3 AGE/SEX DISTRIBUTION FOR ST. JOSEPH: 1990 ................. 8-9 8-4 AGE/SEX DISTRIBUTION FOR ST. JOSEPH: 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9 8-5 POPULATION PROJECTIONS FOR ST. JOSEPH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11 C-1 HOUSING UNITS BY TYPE: ST. JOSEPH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-4 C-2 HOUSING UNITS BY TYPE: BERRIEN COUNTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-4 C-3 VALUE OF OWNER-OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS: 1990 ............. C-6 D-1 UNEMPLOYMENT TRENDS: 1988-1991 ......................... D-2 E-1 AVERAGE DAILY WATER PRODUCTION ....................... E-20 LIST OF MAPS MAP A-1 A-2 E-1 E-2 E-3 G-1 G-2 1-1 LOCATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2 PHYSICAL FEATURES ..................................... A-8 NATIONAL FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM .............. E-23 AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC COUNTS .......................... E-25 AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC TRENDS .......................... E-26 EXISTING LAND USE ...................................... G-3 PLANNING AREA BOUNDARIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-6 FUTURE LAND USE MAP .................................... 1-2 �INTRODUCTION �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ INTRODUCTION • This Comprehensive Development Plan for the City of St. Joseph, in Berrien County, Michigan, is an update of the City's Comprehensive Plan adopted in 1976. This Plan incorporates updated information and ideas, as well as key features of the 1976 Comprehensive Plan, to create paths the City may follow to reach established goals. The process of updating St. Joseph's Comprehensive Plan will identify many of the changes that have occurred since the 1976 Plan was implemented. This Plan will identify existing trends, patterns, facilities, land uses and other information to make projections to meet St. Joseph's future needs. In order to develop a plan, as opposed to just an inventory of existing conditions, goals must be developed that reflect the desires of the community and its residents. Once the goals and objectives have been developed - that detail St. Joseph's preferred future - they must be compared with the projections established in this Plan to form strategies. Strategies are developed to implement goals to help the City and its residents meet the established goals and objectives during the planning period. Care must be exercised that individual strategies are compatible within all goals. The Comprehensive Plan should be designed to build on the community's existing strengths and lessen or eliminate the effects of the area's weaknesses. @ CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN �[pffi\(ruu ~ ~ orM [ElMu (Q)[ffiW u[ffi[ElM [Q)~ {J ffi\rM [Q) [pl[ffi(Q)J [E(Gu□ (Q) rM~ PHYSICAL FEATURES �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PHYSICAL FEATURES The physical features of a community are facts that generally resist change. Since physical features , essentially do not change, plans are designed to accentuate the area's strengths and minimize the weaknesses of the area's physical features/setting. Michigan to the west, Van Buren County to the northeast and Cass County to the east. To the south is La Porte County, Indiana and St. Joseph County, Indiana. Berrien County is 90 miles from Chicago and is located in the Chicago-Detroit industrial corridor. Distances to major metropolitan areas are: Location The location of St. Joseph is one of the City's physical features that should be accentuated in any plan developed by the City. St. Joseph is the County Seat of Berrien County and is essentially two separate peninsulas, and an island, surrounded by various water features. The southern peninsula, which makes up the largest portion of St. Joseph, is bounded by Lake Michigan to the west, the St. Joseph River to the north and east, and St. Joseph Township to the south. The northern portion of St. Joseph is bounded by Lake Michigan to the west, the St. Joseph River to the south, the Paw Paw River to the east and Benton Township to the north. A large portion of the northern portion of St. Joseph is currently devoted to industrial uses. Marina Island is also within the City's boundaries. This island is located in the St. Joseph River and is connected to both the southern portion of St. Joseph, and Benton Harbor, by Business Loop US-31. Since water features provide a large portion of the City's boundaries the potential for geographic expansion of the City is limited. While expansion is limited there are several areas in the City which can benefit from redevelopment. Ann Arbor, Michigan Battle Creek, Michigan Chicago, Illinois Cleveland, Ohio Detroit, Michigan Flint, Michigan Grand Rapids, Michigan Indianapolis, Indiana Jackson, Michigan Kalamazoo, Michigan Lansing, Michigan Mackinac Bridge South Bend, Indiana 145 71 90 300 183 170 83 160 112 50 120 302 33 Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Development and population in Berrien County is dense enough that the County has been designated a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), known as the Benton Harbor MSA. Map A-1 shows the location of Berrien County in relation to Michigan and surrounding States. The map also shows the relationship of St. Joseph to other communities in Berrien County. Berrien County is the most southwestern county in Michigan's lower peninsula. The County is bounded by Lake 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN A-1 �---------------------- PHYSICAL FEATURES MAP A-1 - .LOCATION CANADA M!~apolis Milwaukee • Philadelphia ittsburg!Lr County Seat: St. Joseph ® ~~~ fj(~ Benton Harb St. Jose Shoreh v--i oloma ervliet ER R I EN I I Eau Claire 0 i I ien Springs IYO 51 New Buff ala Grand Beach ., Michiana A. Buchanan0 =+__. · s ien 0 -. -.i....:c:J==~ :iK;:;;jj"~~ -.@ SOURCE: 0 Michigan Department of Commerce CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN A-2 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PHYSICAL FEATURES being the month with the highest average amount of precipitation (3.8"). Generally, February is the driest month with a total average of 2. 1 inches of precipitation (Figure A-2). The average amount of snow that falls per month can be seen in Figure A-3. January, with 20.7 inches, is generally the month with the greatest snowfall. The average seasonal snowfall is 67 inches. The prevailing wind is from the south-southwest. Average wind speed is highest, 12.4 miles per hour, in March from the north-northwest. Every one year in 10, the last freeze occurs later than May 15 and the first freeze occurs earlier than October 5 (USDA). Climate Climate, like location, is a physical feature that is • impossible for a community to change. The weather patterns of an area must be considered in any long-range planning activities. Figure A-1 shows the average monthly temperatures for the area (based on data collected between 1948 and 1977). The coldest month of the year is generally January with an average temperature of 25.3 ° F. The warmest month of the year is generally July with an average temperature of 71.7°F. The average annual precipitation is 36 inches with April FIGURE A-1 AVERAGE MONTHLY TEMPERATURES TEMPERATURE (FO) 90...------------------, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ g_.G g_<J:' ~-:) ~-:) ~ 't' 't' ~'t' ,t,'?, ~ ~,- ~ -.)~ 'S ~ -.)" 'S .... MONlH ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ,;;,'> 'l><,) g;,0 'l><,) 'l><,) "'G , _~ ~CJ .,~ ~~ ,., f'~ c:f> 0-.\~ ~G "If' c,v ,..: (> - - - AVERAGE HIGH · -AVERAGE • • • · • AVERAGE LOW SOURCE: U.S. Department of Agriculture @ CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN A-3 �----------------------------- PHYSICAL FEATURES FIGURE A-2 AVERAGE MONTHLY PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION (INCHES) 4.0,,,-------------------, .... ·:::: 3.o+.......,r-----1:::: ::::. - - - ..-..---1•::::t-.-.. -..r_--1 ::::. ·:::. ►.- .·:::. ::::. ·:.·:. ·.·:.·. 7:-:-:" ·.·.·.·.· ·::.·: ::.·: .·:.·: -:-:-:-:-: - -:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-::-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-::-:-:-:-:-:-: 2.()- -:-:-:-:-= :-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:--:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:- -::::. ::::. ·:::. ·:::: ·:::: ·:::: .-:.-: ::::. ::::. ·:::. ·:::. ·:::. 1.1>- -:-:-:-:- : :-:-:- :-:-:-:- :-:-:-:-. :-:-:-:-: -:-:-:- : -:-:-:-: -:-:-:-: -:-:-:-:- :-:-: :- : :-:-:- :-: :-:- 0 ................................. .. .. .. t.AONlH FIGURE A-3 AVERAGE MONTHLY SNOWFALL SNOWFALL 25;------------------, (INCHES) 20 ~ 15• 10 -:·:::: -:-:-: 1----------------.... t - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 .. . . ·:::: :::: ~. ............ ,...._ :::: 5 - -:-:-:-:- -:-:-:-:- :-:-:-:- 1------ - - - - - t.AONlH SOURCE: U.S. Department of Agriculture @ CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN A-4 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PHYSICAL FEATURES brown, mottled clay to a depth of about 60 inches. Unlike the weather and the location of a • community there are methods to accommodate the soils in a given area by planning around any serious limitations of the soils. Berrien County consists of eight major soil associations. Of these eight associations two are dominant in St. Joseph: Blount-Rimer Association and Shoals-CohoctahAbscota Association. The following descriptions are from the Soil Survey of Berrien County, Michigan: Blount-Rimer Association - This association makes up 18 percent of the county. It is about 40 percent Blount soils, 20 percent Rimer soils, and 40 percent soils of minor extent. Blount soils are nearly level or gently sloping and somewhat poorly drained. The surface layer typically is dark grayish brown loam about 9 inches thick. the mottled subsoil is about 25 inches thick. The upper part is yellowish brown, firm silty clay loam; the lower part is dark yellowish brown, firm clay. The underlying material is yellowish brown, mottled clay loam to a depth of about 60 inches. Rimer soils are nearly level or gently sloping and somewhat poorly drained. The surface layer typically is very dark grayish brown loamy fine sand about 9 inches thick. The mottled subsurface layer, about 23 inches thick, is pale brown and yellowish brown, loamy fine sand or fine sand. The subsoil, about 9 inches thick, is gray, firm clay. The underlying material is yellowish 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Most of the soils in this association have been cleared and drained. They are used for cultivated crops that are common in the county and for hay and pasture. Orchards and vineyards are common. There are some swampy, undrained areas. Wetness and restricted permeability are the main limitations. If adequately drained, the soils in this association are well suited to cultivated farm crops. They are also well suited to hay, pasture and woodlands. These soils are poorly suited to building site development and septic tank absorption fields. A high water table is the main limitation. Shoals-Cohoctah-Abs cot a Association - This association makes up two percent of the county. It is about 30 percent Shoals soils, 30 percent Cohoctah soils, 25 percent Abscota soils and 15 percent soils of minor extent. Areas of these soils are on bottom lands, floodplains, or terraces along rivers and streams. The Cohoctah soils are on lower elevations than the Shoals and Abscota soils. The Abscota soils are on higher elevations than the Shoals and Cohoctah soils. All of these soils are subject to flooding. Shoals soils are nearly level and somewhat poorly drained. The surface layer is dark grayish brown silt loam about 9 inches thick. The underlying material is multicolored, stratified silt loam, loamy fine sand, A-5 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PHYSICAL FEATURES fine sandy loam, and loamy fine sand to a depth of about 60 inches. Cohoctah soils are nearly level and poorly drained. The surface soil is very dark grayish brown and very dark gray sandy loam about 15 inches thick. The mottled underlying material is mostly dark gray silt loam in the upper part and very dark gray fine sandy loam in the lower part to a depth of about 60 inches. Abscota soils are nearly level to gently sloping and moderately well drained. The surface layer is dark brown sandy loam about 1O inches thick. The mottled, loose sand subsoil is about 29 inches thick. The upper part is light gray, and the lower part is pale brown. The underlying material is multicolored sand to a depth of about 60 inches. The Shoals and Abscota soils are well suited to hay, pasture and trees. The Shoals soils are well suited to cultivated crops. The Abscota soils are fairly suited to cultivated crops and some recreation uses. Shoals soils are fairly suited to poorly suited to recreation uses. Cohoctah soils are poorly suited to cultivated crops, hay, pasture and recreation uses and are well suited to woodland. The soils in this association are poorly suited to building site developments and septic tank absorption fields because of flooding. 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Topography and Natural Features Like soils, the topography and natural features of an area should be accommodated, even though certain topographical or natural features can be changed. One natural feature that cannot be easily changed is Lake Michigan, which creates St. Joseph's western border. This is by far the most important natural feature in not only St. Joseph but in the four State region. The lake's influence on the region and St. Joseph is very great. The other major water features that directly influence St. Joseph are the St. Joseph River, the Morrison Channel, the Paw Paw River and south of St. Joseph, Hickory Creek. Lake Michigan, whose approximate mean lake elevation is 580 feet, is the lowest elevation in St. Joseph. The St. Joseph and Paw Paw Rivers are essentially the same elevation. The City's southern portion is situated on a plateau which protects the City from fluctuating lake and river levels. The plateau's elevation is roughly 650 feet. This plateau, which forms the more developed part of St. Joseph, is divided by a valley which acts as a drain for much of the area's surface water. The valley's elevation drops below 600 feet. Environmental Contamination Sites Michigan has listed all of the sites of environmental contamination that pose some threat to the State's environment. Berrien County had 68 sites listed in the 1991 list published by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. One of the State's top priority sites is located in St. Joseph, north of the St. Joseph A-6 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PHYSICAL FEATURES River. The site is listed as Auto Specialties and has detectable levels of lead, arsenic, chromium, PCBs and benzene. A remedial action plan has not been approved by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources but interim response activity has been provided. The only other site in St. Joseph currently listed by the Department of Natural Resources is the Enterprise Oil Tank Farm. The site is located on Marina Island and has detectable levels of Benzene and Toluene. The approximate location of these sites can be seen on Map A-2. Sensitive Areas Sensitive areas in St. Joseph consist of beaches and wetlands (Map A-2) . Along much of Lake Michigan's shoreline are vast stretches of sandy beaches. These beaches require special attention to minimize erosion from wind and wave action. Wetlands are also present in St. Joseph and are shown on Map A-2. The majority of wetlands in St. Joseph are adjacent to the St. Joseph River, but others exist in both the northern and southern portions of the City. Floodplain The 100-year floodplain, as defined by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, is shown on Map A-2. The floodplain designates areas which are susceptible to flooding - the 100-year designation means that during any particular year there is a 1 in 100 chance of the area flooding. The largest areas that are in the floodplain are along the St. Joseph and Paw Paw Rivers, which are more susceptible to short-term fluctuations than the lake. The majority of Marina Island is in the floodplain as is the area between 1-94 Business and the Paw Paw River. A narrow band of land along Lake Michigan's shoreline is also in the 100-year floodplain. St. Joseph has a valley which crosses the City from the southwest to the northeast. This valley contains many flood-prone areas that are not directly related to either the lake or the rivers. 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN A-7 �1......-//.1/' ,,/<._ ,, ( \ ~ ~ LEGEND I I 100- YEAR FLOOD PLAIN ~ WETI..AND l :;;;:;;;:;i;i;:;;;;;;;;;;1 BEACH ~ · ~ <' c§ a- -.. SITE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION ~1/)>dl/_~Q~ - ~ /111 . . ~~ »~a& v~~vA f::t~t:t ~ B/flie/ ~k]~~ ✓ __;ooE:..~ DD I CHER ·~ □~ II ~ AVE :mLJ 1 1r - ~~1AVE 11-;J~lQuVE_,...__..,i ~ON!;;) AVE I ~jh,,0HA\\l(J~ ,\\ I, 8 ~ j =~l.E'MS ~ARION &OIJAYrl< AI LNl I ~~ !ill.I.CREST ~~L 2 ~~ 1m_JE:J"Elowo7 ~,VAN~,~ kf -·- .□~GQD~ ICQlUMBIA JI A',,t I~ L.,, ...~t,,;;;.;;J~ ~,~□□Hl]~L =~. 'f\-•1 □~ (l '\ .,_" '"vn~c ' -•• • - • ·-·-·J I ~a"'- • -JUI L'1t>I ::JA ■ :::::::!._~ c:::> ~ •L . .i•~,-------.....,--~M~ A P ~ A~ 2 ---~1 SAINT JOSEPH , I • SCALE P'a•.•500· o· 1ooo· 1500· I MICHIGAN 2500· GOVE ASSOCIATES INC. ~I I I PHYSICAL FEATURES MAP 1 �• • • • • •II • • •• • •II , II • • • • POPULATION �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ POPULATION percent. By 1980 the percentage had dropped to 5.6 percent due to the fact that the County's population had continued to increase as the City's population decreased. Between 1970 and 1980 the population of St. Joseph decreased from 11 ,042 to 9,622, or 12.9 percent. Between 1980 and 1990, St. Joseph's population decreased by 4.2 percent - a much smaller decrease than during the 1970-80 period. Berrien County began to decrease in population between 1980 and 1990. In 1990 the County's population of 161 ,378 was 5.8 percent lower than in 1980. Since the County's population decreased at a greater rate than St. Joseph's population, the City increased its share of the County's population to 5. 7 percent. The study of the population of a community is much more than analyzing the number of people ,residing within a given area. To thoroughly understand a community's population, trends must be established that tie the past to the present and identify the diversity and composition of the community's residents. By relating the past to the present, it is possible to project various aspects of St. Joseph into the future. Population Trends Between 1960 and 1990, the population in St. Joseph has decreased by 21.6 percent. During the same period, Berrien County's population increased by 7.7 percent. Table B-1 identifies the population of the City and the County from 1960 through 1990 and shows the relationship between the two areas. In 1960, St. Joseph's population of 11,755 was 7.8 percent of the County's population of 149,865. In 1970, St. Joseph decreased as a percentage of the County's total population to 6. 7 Age Distribution The distribution of the City's residents in relation to their ages is important to determine if existing services and facilities TABLE B-1 POPULATION TRENDS ·::\{::~ . St. Joseph Berrien County St. Joseph as % of Berrien County ··-,:_ %r lit / . . ,. ?( ·•·.·· %: . t %: ·•· change '60~'70 , 1980 · .Change '70-'80 -1990·. 11,042 - 6.1 9,622 -12.9 9,214 - 4.2 -21 .6 149,865 163,940 +9.4 171,276 +4.5 161 ,378 - 5.8 +7.7 7.8 6.7 1960 1970 11 ,755 5.6 (;hange Change _ieo;;.~90 . ·. '60;;.'.90 , 5.7 SOURCE: U.S. Census of Population: 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 @ CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN B-1 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ POPULATION are available to meet the demands of all age groups. Table B-2 identifies the age distributions in St. Joseph as well as Berrien County and Michigan. Since St. Joseph's median age of 37.2 is higher than Berrien County's figure of 33.6 or Michigan's median age of 32.6, it is apparent that St. Joseph has a higher percentage of older residents, or a lower percentage of younger residents, than either the County or the State. In 1990 residents under the age of 18 accounted for 17.8 percent of St. Joseph's residents. This figure is considerably lower than the County's 27 percent figure or the State's figure of 26.5 percent. The percentage of residents in the 18-24 age category is not noticeably different in St. Joseph than in the County or State and the percentage of residents in the 25-44 age category is only slightly higher in the City. The percentage of residents in the 45-54 age category is lower in the City and the percentage of residents in the 55-64 age category is not noticeably different than either the County or the State. St. Joseph has a much higher percentage (18.4%) of residents in the 65-84 age group than the County (12.4%) or the State (10.8%). The percentage of residents 85 and over is nearly three times as high in St. Joseph than in the two comparison areas. Figure B-1 graphically shows the age distribution for the three areas. TABLE B-2 AGE DISTRIBUTION FOR ST. JOSEPH CITY, BERRIEN COUNTY AND MICHIGAN: 1990 >t : a§trierf:~ounty:f; . : tMi.¢higijp ;: xNOrli:BIP:i'.:. : :~rbt.T6t~f: r %:af¥8tkt•· · Under 5 506 5.5 11,895 7.4 7.6 5-17 1,138 12.3 31,624 19.6 18.9 18-24 922 10.0 15,562 9.7 10.8 25-44 3,040 33.0 48,272 29.9 32.1 45-54 805 8.7 16,843 10.4 10.2 55-64 818 8.9 14,947 9.3 8.5 65-84 1,693 18.4 20,026 12.4 10.8 85+ 292 3.2 2,119 1.3 1.1 Median Age 37.2 33.6 32.6 SOURCE: U.S. Census of Population: 1990 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN B-2 �- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - POPULATION FIGURE 8-1 AGE DISTRIBUTION FOR ST. JOSEPH, BERRIEN COUNTY AND MICHIGAN: 1990 • 35 30 - - - - - -:: , - - - - - - - - - t 25 :i ~ 20 15 10 5 I-- ,- ,- - \I ,- ~ :i: iv ~ 0 UNDER 5 5-17 18-24 25-44 45-54 ACE 55-64 65-84 85+ E/:3 ST JOSEPH [ZZ3 BERRIEN COUNlY c::J Mla-tlGAN SOURCE: 1990 Census of Population • • Between 1980 and 1990 the age distribution in St. Joseph had several noticeable changes (Table B-3). The percentage of children under the age of five increased from 4.5 percent to 5.5 percent of the population, but the percentage of children between the ages 5 and 17 decreased from 15.0 percent to 12.3 percent. The number of college age residents (18-24) decreased by 27.6 percent to lower the percentage of residents in this age group to 10.0 percent. Between 1980 and 1990 the percentage of residents in the 25-44 age group increased 24. 7 percent to account for 33.0 percent of the population. This was one of only three age groups that increased numerically. The 45-54 age group did not change a great deal between 1980 and 1990 as a percentage 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN of the City's population but this age group decreased numerically by 14.7 percent. The number of residents in the 55-64 age group decreased by 33.5 percent, or from 12.8 percent to 8.9 percent of the City's population. It is unusual that both the 45-54 and the 55-64 age group decreased while the median age of St. Joseph increased, it is even more unusual that the 65-84 age group decreased. The 65-84 age group decreased numerically but increased as a percentage of the population - this is possible since the overall population decreased at a greater rate than the age group. The percentage of residents 85 and over increased by 57.8 percent - the largest percentage increase of the eight age groups. Figure 8-2 graphically represents the changes . B-3 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ POPULATION TABLE 8-3 AGE DISTRIBUTION IN ST. JOSEPH: 1980-1990 435 4.5 506 5.5 +16.3 1,441 15.0 1,138 12.3 -21.0 18-24 1,274 13.3 922 10.0 -27.6 25-44 2,379 24.7 3,040 33.0 +27.8 45-54 944 9.8 805 8.7 -14.7 55-64 1,231 12.8 818 8.9 -33.5 65-84 1,733 18.0 1,693 18.4 -2.3 85+ 185 1.9 292 3.2 +57.8 Median Age 36.2 Under 5 5-17 I 37.2 SOURCE: U.S. Census of Population: 1980, 1990 FIGURE B-2 AGE DISTRIBUTION FOR ST. JOSEPH: 1980-1990 NUMBER UNDER 5 5-17 18-2+ 25-+♦ +5-5+ AGE 55-8+ 65-84 65+ r::::i:J 1980 IZZ2l 1990 SOURCE: U.S. Census of Population: 1980, 1990 @ CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN B-4 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ POPULATION Population Density The population density of an area is dependent upon two factors - land area and population. St. Joseph, with a 1990 population of 9,214 and a land area of 3.4 square miles has a population density of 2,710 persons per square mile (Table B-4). Berrien County, which had a 1990 population of 161,378 and a land area of 576 square miles, had a population density of 280 persons per square mile roughly one-tenth the population density of St. Joseph. Michigan's population density in 1990 was 163 persons per square mile. percent of the City's population, 15.4 percent of the County's population and 13.9 percent of Michigan's population. The percentage of people in the "American Indian, Eskimo or Aleut" category is also smaller in St. Joseph, as is the "Other" category. The percentage of St. Joseph residents in the "Asian or Pacific Islander" category is 1.5 percent higher than either the County or the State. St. Joseph has a lower percentage of residents with Hispanic origins than either the County or the State. Household Types Race Composition The racial composition in St. Joseph is less varied than in Berrien County or the State as a whole. Table B-5 shows that in 1990, 94.9 percent of the City's residents were white - compared to 82.6 percent for the County and 83.5 percent for the State. Blacks make up 3.1 How individuals live, in relation to each other, often reflects the lifestyles and housing needs of a community. Table B-6 shows that of the 4,200 households in St. Joseph, 1,875 or 44.6, are married couple families. This percentage is much lower than either Berrien County or Michigan. Additionally, "Other Family, Male Householder" families account for a TABLE B-4 POPULATION DENSITY ... ··T./ ·-:-·-: . ., ::,••::;:;-:::::··· " ·::•) :,: St. Joseph Berrien County Michigan ·-: ·•. ·.·.·.•- ·Square Miles Population Population Density (Persons Per Sq. Mi.) 9,214 2,710 576 161,378 280 56,954 9,295,297 163 3.4 SOURCE: Gove Associates Inc. 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN B-5 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ POPULATION TABLE 8-5 RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN @tNumberf Black American Indiana, Eskimo, or Aleut Asian or Pacific Islander Other Hispanic Origin (any race) 94.9 133,259 82.6 83.5 283 3.1 24,872 15.4 13.9 20 0.2 685 0.4 0.6 142 1.5 1,487 0.9 1.1 26 0.3 1,075 0.7 0.9 113 1.2 2,683 1.7 2.2 SOURCE: U.S. Census of Population: 1990 smaller percentage (2.1%) of households than the County (2.9%) or the State (3.3%). In St. Joseph there are 338 households in the "Other Family, Female Householder" category, or 8.0 percent of all households - lower than the County's figure of 13.3 percent or the State's figure of 12.9 percent. Since the percentage of family households was lower in St. Joseph it follows that the percentage of nonfamily households is much higher. In 1990, 1,900 of the City's 4,200 households were nonfamily households, or 45.2 percent. This is a much higher rate than either the County's rate of 28.1 percent or the State's rate of 28.7 percent. Single person households accounted for 40.0 percent of the City's households compared to 24.4 percent of the County's and 23. 7 of the State's households. This large percentage of single-person households is why the City's median number of persons per TABLE 8-6 HOUSEHOLDS: ST. JOSEPH, BERRIEN COUNTY, MICHIGAN Total Households 4,200 100.0 61,025 100.0 100.0 Married Couple Families 1,875 44.6 33,974 55.7 55.1 87 2.1 1,772 2.9 3.3 338 8.0 8,099 13.3 12.9 1,900 45.2 17,180 28.1 28.7 Householder Living Alone 1,680 40.0 14,861 24.4 23.7 Householder 65 and Over 699 16.6 6,406 10.5 9.3 Other Family, Male Householder Other Family, Female Householder Nonfamily Households Persons Per Household 2.06 2.60 2.66 SOURCE: U.S. Census of Population: 1990 @ CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN B-6 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ POPULATION household is lower than either the County or the State. One explanation of the larger percentage of single person households is the lar9er percentage of single householders over 65 years of age, which accounts for 16.6 percent of the City's households. Many of these households are occupied by individuals whose spouses are deceased. While this accounts for many of the 1,680 single person households it does not account for all of them. In 1990 there were 981 single person households occupied by residents under 65 - this accounts for 23.4 percent of the City's households and is much higher than the County's rate of 13.9 percent. Population Projections In order to meet the residents of a community's future needs, it is essential that population projections are established that reflect the population over a set period of time. These projections can be one of two major types of projections. The first is based on past trends and the existing population, and shows where the population is likely to go if no steps are taken to change the rate of growth or decline. The second major type of projection is goal oriented and involves establishing what the desired population should be-based on a variety of factors such as population density, services available, land available and many other considerations. Ideally, population projections should be based on a combination of these two styles since trends cannot be ignored and the act of planning is essentially a community's desire to have some control over its future. Cohort-Survival Method of Projection existing population into age groups and projecting each of these age groups into the future. St. Joseph's population has been separated by sex into 18 separate age groups for a total of 36 groups (18 male and 18 female). The size of the 36 groups is based on 1990 Census information. Once the age groups were established each group was moved into the future five years at a time. A survival rate, different for each age and sex group, was applied to each of the 36 groups. The survival rates are based on 1988 national averages which suit this sample well since residents of Michigan and the United States have similar average lifespans (Michigan 73.65, United States 73.88). When the survival rates are applied to each of the age groups, the size of the group decreases as it moves into the future, decreasing more rapidly as the age group matures and ages. Since each age group moves forward, a void is created when the under 5 year old age group moves into the 5-9 year old age group. These voids have been filled by calculating the 1990 ratio of women of child bearing age (1544) to the under 5 age group. In 1990 there was one child in the under 5 category for every 4.004 woman of child bearing age. This ratio has been applied in each of the future time-increments to project the number of children under 5 years of age, and is divided evenly between male and female children. The entire process of projecting each group and determining the number of under 5 years old has been calculated for 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015. The individual results, along with the 1990 information, can be seen in Table B-7. This table does not reflect inmigration or out-migration. The Cohort-Survival method of population projections lnvolves separating the 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN B-7 �TABLE B-7 0 COHORT-SURVIVAL PROJECTIONS ('} ~ >-<: .:,:/\, 2000.,., ~ : {~ie :, ;t;fu;i~ • ., Toti(i ·· tk1J:/ en ~ ...., 0 ~ ~II en : :;;ffi~,~ :Mti,i::r ::fJMii~f ;:J6~1:U :Mail} feffi;1e •· ti~~ 468 217 218 435 205 206 411 180 181 361 167 167 334 I 504 I 233 I 234 I 467 I 216 I 218 I 434 I 201 I 203 I 404 I 178 I 178 I 356 235 I 210 I 445 I 231 I 213 I 233 I 234 I 467 I 216 I 218 I 434 I 201 I 203 I 404 241 I 168 I 409 I 235 I 210 I 445 I 231 I 213 I 504 I 233 I 234 I 467 I 216 I 218 I 434 I 246 I 520 I 239 I 168 I 407 I 233 I 209 I 442 I 229 I 212 I 501 I 231 I 233 I 464 212 I 245 I 517 I 237 I 168 I 405 I 231 I 208 I 439 I 221 I 211 I 498 348 I 328 I 676 I 210 I 244 I 514 I 235 I 167 I 402 I 229 I 207 I 436 Under 5 232 274 506 234 234 5-9 235 210 445 231 I 213 10-14 I 241 I 168 I 409 I 523 I I 504 ~II ~II 15-19 I 276 I 247 I 20-24 I 353 I 330 811 25-29 I 477 I 431 I 908 I 351 I 329 I 680 I 30-34 I 455 I 363 I 818 I 473 I 430 I 903 35-39 373 344 717 451 362 813 469 429 898 345 327 672 268 243 511 233 166 399 40-44 286 311 597 368 342 710 445 360 805 463 426 889 341 325 666 265 242 507 45-49 206 221 427 282 309 591 363 340 703 440 358 798 457 423 880 337 323 660 50-54 167 211 378 200 218 418 274 304 578 353 335 688 428 352 780 444 416 860 55-59 171 207 378 162 208 370 194 215 409 266 299 565 343 330 683 416 347 763 60-64 204 236 440 158 198 356 150 199 349 179 206 385 246 286 532 317 316 633 65-69 203 289 492 189 226 415 146 190 336 139 191 330 165 197 362 227 273 500 70-74 147 298 445 170 261 431 158 204 362 122 172 294 116 173 289 138 178 316 75-79 147 266 413 123 270 393 142 236 378 132 184 316 102 156 258 97 156 253 80-84 96 247 343 96 204 300 80 207 287 92 181 273 86 141 227 66 120 186 85+ 71 221 292 87 270 357 93 278 371 84 284 368 89 356 81 Total 4,340 4,874 9,214 4,325 4,758 9,083 4,289 4,638 8,927 4,240 4,515 8,755 4,166 8,542 4,076 ('} ~II II Median Age I = 37.2 683 I 214 Median Age = 38.8 SOURCE: 1990 U.S. Census of Population; Gove Associates Inc. to I 00 I I Median Age = 40.7 Median Age = 43.0 I 267 I 4,376 Median Age = 45.5 I 229 4,242 I 315 I 8,318 Median Age"' 47.5 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ POPULATION FIGURE B-3 AGE/SEX DISTRIBUTION FOR ST. JOSEPH: 1990 MAU FDIAI.£ AOE • P- I I I I 70-7♦ I I 80-84 l 55-158 I I I I I I I I 25-29 I I 20-2♦ I I 15--1 8 I 10-14 5--8 I UNDO< 5 500 400 JOO 200 100 100 200 300 400 500 SOURCE: 1990 U.S. Census of Population; Gove Associates Inc. FIGURE 8-4 AGE/SEX DISTRIBUTION FOR ST. JOSEPH: 2015 MAI.£ FDIAI.£ AOE lt H 80-M 75-79 r 70-74 r I 65-69 I 80-84 I I I I I I I 35-39 I Jo-34 25-29 2.0-24 15-18 10-14 5-9 I 500 -4-00 300 200 100 100 200 300 400 500 SOURCE: Gove Associates Inc. @ CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN B-9 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ POPULATION Trend Analysis Projections In addition to the Cohort-Survival Method of projecting the population, projections based on past trends in St. Joseph have been calculated. Four separate trends are shown in Table B-8 (in addition to the Cohort-Survival Method). Three linear trends are shown that are based on the changes in population between 19801990, 1970-1990 and 1960-1990. The 10-year trend projection has the least drastic population decreases - due to a slower decrease between 1980 and 1990 than the other two periods. The 10-year trend analysis is also very similar to the Cohort-Survival figures. Between 1990 and 2015, the 10-year trend analysis shows an 11.07 percent decrease in population - from 9,214 residents in 1990 to 8, 194 residents in 2015. The CohortSurvival has a slightly smaller decrease from 9,214 in 1990 to 8,318 in 2015, or a 9.72 percent decrease. The projection based on the 20-year (1970-1990) data has the greatest decrease in population. This projection shows a decrease from the 1990 population of 9,214 to a 2015 figure of 6,929 - a 24.8 percent decrease. The 30-year (1960-1990) trend projection is nearly as dramatic as the 20-year trend analysis. The 2015 figure for this projection is 7,096 - a 23.0 percent decrease. TABLE 8-8 POPULATION PROJECTIONS 10-Year ('80-'90) 9,214 9,010 8,806 8,602 8,398 8,194 -11 .07 20-Year ('70-'90) 9,214 8,757 8,300 7,843 7,386 6,929 -24.80 30-Year ('60-'90) 9,214 8,790 8,367 7,943 7,520 7,096 -23.00 Cohort Survival (in-migration = out-migration) 9,214 9,083 8,927 8,755 8,542 8,318 -9.72 Equilibrium (based on a 9,214 9,151 9,088 9,067 9,047 9,040 decreasing percentage decrease) SUURvt:: 1960-1970-1980-1990 U.S. Census of Population; Gove Associates nc. -1.89 @ CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN B-10 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ POPULATION approaching 0.0 percent in the future this projection has been tabled "Equilibrium." It is felt that to set an optimistic tone for this Plan this is the projection that should be followed. The final trend analysis is by far the most optimistic of all the projections. This projection is based on the fact that between 1970 and 1980 the City's population decreased by 12.9 percent, and that between 1980 and 1990 the decrease in population decreased by 4.2 percent. If this trend is carried forward the population would decrease by 1.4 percent between 1990 and 2000 and by 0.4 percent between 2000 and 2010. Since the population continues to decrease, but at a much lower rate - These two analyses illustrate the point that without some intervention the City's population will continue to decline in number and increase in age. The "goal" for the City should be a long-range increase in population, reversing the trend of the past 30 years. FIGURE 8-5 POPULATION PROJECTIONS FOR ST. JOSEPH POPUI.AllON 12,000 11,000 ~ 10,000 11 ,042 ~ ........, ~ 9 214 .. .. .. 9!"' ••..; 8, -~·.::: •=..:.:• ..:.·• ~t:... 9,000 h--., 8,000 8 81 4 ~"> ~:---. 7, 000 6 s;, ~9 6,000 s.ooo 4,000 J ,000 2,000 1,000 0 19 0 19~0 1980 1990 19tl5 20 00 2005 2(1 0 211 5 • ••• •• --• · ••• • _,, _ ,,_ COHORT-S\JRll1VAI. 10 YEAR TREND 20 \'EAR TREND 30 'l'EAR TREND EQUILIBRIUM YEAR SOURCE: Gove Associates Inc. 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN B-11 �HOUSING �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ HOUSING The housing in a community is often a direct reflection of the character and economic well-being o# the community. Besides obvious details such as abandoned houses, vacant lots or deteriorated housing units, there are more subtle indicators of a community's housing characteristics that can be used to create a profile of the area's housing stock. Occupancy and Tenure of Housing Units Even with St. Joseph's decreasing population, the City has a higher percentage of occupied housing units than either the County or the State. Of the City's 4,545 housing units, 4,200 (92.4%) were considered to be occupied in 1990. This percentage is higher than the County's figure of 87.8 percent or the State's figure of 88.9 percent. These figures can be seen in Table C-1. One of the main reasons the State and County have a higher percentage of vacant units than St. Joseph is that Michigan and Berrien County have a higher percentage of vacant seasonal units than St. Joseph. Only 1.3 percent of St. Joseph's housing units are seasonal units, compared to 6.4 percent of the County's housing and 5.8 percent of the State's. St. Joseph has a much lower percentage of owneroccupied housing units than either Berrien County or Michigan. Of the City's 4,200 occupied housing units in St. Joseph, 2,396 (57.0%) were owneroccupied in 1990. The remaining 1,804 (43.0%) occupied units were renteroccupied. Berrien County's owneroccupied units account for 69.6 percent of the occupied units and Michigan's owner-occupied units account for 71.0 percent of the State's occupied housing 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN units. Finally, Table C-1 shows that St. Joseph has a much lower percentage of units with over one person per room. The main reason for this is probably the large percentage of single person households. Types of Housing Housing types change to suit the needs of a community. Between 1980 and 1990 the total number of housing units decreased by 0.3 percent - a much smaller percentage decrease than the 4.2 percent decrease the population experienced. This does not mean that a vast number of vacant housing units have been created by the differences. Many of the housing units in St. Joseph are occupied by single person households, so while there are fewer people to fill the housing units, household sizes have been decreasing as well, and occupancy rates stabilizing. Table C-2 shows how the number of single-family homes decreased by 1. 7 percent between 1980 and 1990. This means that 44 homes have been torn down, converted to multiple-family units or converted to other uses such as office or commercial uses. During the same period the number of duplex units has decreased by two and the number of multiple-family units has decreased by 12. C-1 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ HOUSING TABLE C-1 OCCUPANCY AND TENURE OF HOUSING UNITS ? f@1.1sirtg :nJ;itts: 69,532 100.0 100.0 61 ,025 87.8 100.0 88.9 100.0 57.0 43.0 42,452 18,573 61.1 26.7 69.6 30.4 63.1 25.8 71.0 29.0 7.6 8,507 12.2 11.1 59 1.3 4,448 6.4 5.8 40 0.9 1,686 2.4 Total Housing 4,545 100.0 Occupied Housing 4,200 92.4 Owner-Occupied Renter-Occupied 2,396 1,804 52.7 39.7 345 For Seasonal, Recreational or Occasional Use With Over 1 Person per Room Vacant Housing 1.0 100.0 2.8 2.4 2.6 SOURCE: 1990 U.S. Census TABLE C-2 TYPES OF HOUSING UNITS: 1980-1990 Single-Family Units Duplexes Multiple-Family Units Other Total 2,655 58.3 2,611 57.4 -1.7 41 0.9 37 0.8 -9.8 1,857 40.7 1,845 40.6 -0.6 5 0.1 52 1.2 +940.0 4,558 100.0 4,545 100.0 -0.3 SOURCE: U.S. Census: 1980-1990 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSNE PLAN C-2 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ HOUSING over twice the percentage of multiplefamily units as the County (17.2%) or the State (19.6%). The fact that St. Joseph has a high percentage of multiple-family housing units is not a new occurrence, since in 1980, 40.7 percent of the City's housing units were multiple-family. Table C-3 compares St. Joseph's housing to Berrien County and Michigan. St. Joseph has a much lower percentage of single-family homes, duplexes and mobile homes than the County or the State. This also shows that the City has a much higher percentage of multiplefamily housing units than either of the other two areas. Figures C-1 and C-2 graphically demonstrate the types of housing that exist in St. Joseph and Berrien County. With 1,845 multiple-family units (40.6% of the City's housing units), St. Joseph has TABLE C-3 TYPES OF HOUSING UNITS IN ST. JOSEPH, BERRIEN COUNTY AND MICHIGAN: 1990 ::'ii tj~:: u8;®pb;': ::"I r,aera~R::l glio.8i§:I!i: t:MJ¢higa.ii / 1 I/Ncttr)b~r ; Single-Family Units Duplexes Multiple-Family Units Mobile Home, Trailer, Other ·.•.•.•.,.,:,.•ItC>··.;-;.;.;.;. , , ••.•. Nurti~;~r':'.:'· .:::::::;::('}'o':':':•:;:•: IIIINOm~~:::11:: 2,611 57.4 51,424 74.0 69.5 37 0.8 1,331 1.9 3.4 1,845 40.6 11,984 17.2 19.6 52 1.2 4,793 6.9 7.5 SOURCE: 1990 U.S. Census 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN C-3 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ HOUSING FIGURE C-1 Housing Values HOUSING UNITS BY TYPE: ST. JOSEPH The value of owner-occupied housing is increasing in St. Joseph at a greater rate than either Berrien County or Michigan. Between 1980 and 1990 the median value of owner-occupied housing in St. Joseph increased from $36,500 to $66,200 - an increase of 81.4 percent. During the same period the median value of the County's owner-occupied housing increased by 55.8 percent to reach a median value of $52,800. The State's owner-occupied housing increased in value by 55.4 percent to reach a median value of $60,600. Table C-4 shows these figures as well as the relationship between St. Joseph's housing value and the County's and State's housing values. OTHER DUPLEX HOMES 52 UNITS 37 UNITS (0.8%) (1.27.)-~ SINGLE FAMILY HOUSING SOURCE: 1990 U.S.Census of Population FIGURE C-2 HOUSING UNITS BY TYPE: BERRIEN COUNTY MOBILE HOMES 4,793 UNITS (6,91/. DUPLEX HOMES MULTIPLE 1,331 UNITS FAMILY (3.41/.) HOUSING 11,984 UNIT"J..-T'ff""-_ (17.21/.) Figure C-3 graphically demonstrates the differences in the three areas. FAMILY HOUSING SOURCE: 1990 U.S. Census of Population 0 The majority of owner-occupied housing units (54.8%) in St. Joseph are valued between $50,000 and $100,000. Table C-5 shows that St. Joseph has a much smaller percentage (24.6%) of owneroccupied housing units that were valued under $50,000 than either the County (46.8%) or the State (38.5%). In all of the other categories (greater than $50,000), St. Joseph has a higher percentage than either Berrien County or Michigan. CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Since there is such a high proportion of renter-occupied units in St. Joseph it is important to compare the monthly rate for renting a housing unit to other areas. Table C-6 shows that St. Joseph's median monthly rent is higher than either Berrien County or Michigan. While St. Joseph has a higher monthly median rental rate, Michigan has a higher C-4 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ HOUSING very uniform with the vast majority of units being in the $250-$499 range. percentage of units whose rent is over $500. Rent in St. Joseph seems to be TABLE C-4 MEDIAN VALUE OF OWNER-OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS ::: :::~?§{ Coqhfy 1980 $39,000 $33,900 $36,500 107.7 93.6 1990 $60,600 $52,800 $66,200 125.4 109.2 55.4% 55.8% 81.4% % Increase SOURCE: U.S. Census: 1980-1990 TABLE C-5 VALUE OF OWNER-OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS Less than $50,000 511 24.6 15,460 46.8 38.5 $ 50,000 to $ 99,999 1,138 54.8 13,488 40.8 42.5 $100,000 to $149,999 235 11.3 2,590 7.9 11.4 $150,000 to $199,999 90 4.3 823 2.5 4.1 $200,000 to $299,999 55 2.7 - 473 1.4 2.4 $300,000 or More 47 2.3 207 0.6 1.1 SOURCE: 1990 U.S. Census TABLE C-6 CONTRACT RENT Less than $250 283 16.1 5,249 31.2 25.2 $ 250 - $ 499 1,279 73.0 10,995 65.3 58.0 $ 500 - $ 749 183 10.4 551 3.3 13.9 $ 750 - $ 999 5 0.3 22 0.1 1.9 $1,000 and More 3 0.2 25 0.1 1.0 Median (Dollars) $351 $294 $343 SOURCE: 1990 U.S. Census 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN C-5 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ HOUSING FIGURE C-3 VALUE OF OWNER-OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS: 1990 PERCENT 60 . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 40 20 10 f.-.·.-!.·!::.j ST JOSEPH IZZZI c:::J BERRIEN COUNTY MICHIGAN SOURCE: 1990 U.S. Census of Population Age of Housing The age of housing units in a community often reveals the character of the community. Older housing is the sign of an established community while newer housing is often the sign of a new and expanding community. St. Joseph, which is a well established community, has a large percentage of older homes. Over 44 percent of the City's housing units were built before 1939 (fable C-7). Houses built between 1940 and 1959 account for over 30 percent of the City's units. Houses built during the past 1O years account for only 4.8 percent of the City's housing units. For comparison, 13.6 percent of the State's housing units were built between 1980 and 1990. TABLE C-7 AGE OF HOUSING IN ST. JOSEPH -.rr -Year Structure Built • -• 1939 or Earlier Number.of Housing Units · :-: % ••:•:•'•:•: 2,006 44.1 1940 to 1949 1950 to 1959 1960 to 1969 680 698 15.0 15.4 565 12.4 1970 to 1979 1980 to March 1990 Total 379 8.3 4.8 100.0 217 4,545 SOURCE: 1990 U.S. Census of Population 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN C-6 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ HOUSING Table C-8 uses population projections and projections for the median household size (persons per household) to determine the number of households to the year 2015. Since household sizes are projected to decrease throughout the planning period, the number of households will not decrease at as great of a rate as the population of St. Joseph. The population is expected to decrease by 1.9 percent between 1990 and 2015. Household Proiections Although St. Joseph is essentially a fully developed community, with very little undeveloped land, there will most likely be some changes in residential land uses due to the changing needs of the area's residents. In order to determine the amount of land that should be devoted to residential uses in the future, it is necessary to determine the number of housing units that will be required. The coordination of several facts and projections is required in order to project housing needs in a community. Before housing projections can be made it is necessary to establish population projections, projected household sizes, trends relating to housing types and current facts relating to housing in the area. A vacancy rate also must be established to allow residents to move to larger, or smaller, homes and to allow newcomers to move to St. Joseph. During the same period the number of households is expected to decrease by 0.3 percent. In 2015 the projected household size for St. Joseph is 2.03 persons per household and 2.42 persons per household for the County. Additional information (rable C-8) indicates that the number of housing units in Berrien County is projected to increase by 5.1 percent by the year 2015. TABLE C-8 HOUSEHOLD SIZE AND OCCUPIED HOUSEHOLD PROJECTIONS ... : <: \tt 1 )-~ sf .J~seph::\:'. \: :::x:::·· :f:_:Jf::::/. : Housihofd i L -.... 'i::Y:e~f : ,:: Pdpuialiofr:;',. _ :;.· \/Lsiia :[ : \{f fouseholds °.li tt9~;~b,otd{ - -• ·: ·•·.• ·• :: :/ . . ,t· t :•::•. ;@,·/::, ff ; ·•· eoplllaticm : ,:,:::, \ Sii~ : JiBouseti:6rds ·_. 1970 11,042 2.62 4,117 163,940 3.19 50,758 1980 9,622 2.14 4,296 171 ,276 2.80 60,276 1990 9,214 2.06 4,200 161,378 2.60 61 ,025 1995 9,151 2.05 4,198 161,900 2.55 62,423 2000 9,088 2.05 4,170 161,700 2.50 63,593 2005 9,067 2.04 4,180 160,300 2.47 63,808 2010 9,047 2.03 4,192 158,500 2.45 63,607 2015 9,040 2.03 4,188 157,800 2.42 64,111 SOURCE: 0 t> •@[( sifri~n po~inty :./ ·ti ·<f, } U.S. Census of Population 1970, 1980, 1990; Michigan Department of Management and Budget; Gove Associates Inc. CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN C-7 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ HOUSING Table C-9 uses the number of households, established in Table C-8 to determine the total number of housing units required in the City of St. Joseph and Berrien County by the year 2015. The total number of housing units in St. Joseph is projected to change very little from the 1990 figure of 4,545 total housing units. The total figures are based on existing vacancy rates and existing ratios between the number of households and the number of housing units in the City and County. Using this methodology a total of 4,541 housing units will be required in St. Joseph by 2015. This is four units less than existed in 1990. types of housing in the community that existed in 1980 and 1990 were used to project housing percentages to the year 2015. Once these percentages were projected forward, the percentages were applied to the "total" figures from Table C-9 to determine the number of housing units in each of the four categories. Table C-1 O shows that the number of single-family homes will decrease from 2,611 in 1990 to 2,570 in 2015 - a 1.6 percent decrease. During the same period the number of duplexes is projected to decrease by 1O units. Multiple-family units are expected to increase by 2.4 percent between 1990 and 2015 to reach a total of 1,889 units. In order to determine what types of housing will be needed in St. Joseph, the TABLE C-9 HOUSING UNIT FORECAST .·•>: Year r :-:· St. Joseph Occupied Units ... . ... -;:;: Total ::::· :•::;:>:::: ·· Berrien County ciccupie8· Units '°',,/ / :-: -:: :=::" Total . . 1990 4,200 4,545 61,025 69,532 1995 4,198 4,551 62,423 71,125 2000 4,170 4,521 63,593 72,458 2005 4,180 4,532 63,808 72,703 2010 4,192 4,545 63,607 72,474 2015 4,188 4,541 64,111 73,048 SOURCE: Gove Associates Inc. 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN C-8 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ HOUSING TABLE C-10 MOUSING TYPE FORECAST: TOTAL UNITS SingleFamily 2,655 Duplex 41 MultiFamily 1,857 Other Total 5 58.3 2,611 0.9 37 40.7 1,845 0.1 52 57.4 2,603 0.8 36 40.6 1,857 1.2 55 4,558 100.0 4,545 100.0 4,551 57.2 2,586 0.8 32 40.8 1,849 1.2 54 100.0 4,521 57.2 2,579 56.9 2,582 32 0.7 27 40.9 1,867 41.2 1,882 1.2 54 0.7 1.2 54 56.8 2,570 0.6 56.6 27 0.6 41.4 1,889 41 .6 1.2 54 1.2 100.0 4,532 100.0 4,545 100.0 4,541 100.0 SOURCE: Gove Associates Inc. Under the category "Other" the number has increased from 5 in 1980 to 52 in 1990. In St. Joseph there are no mobile homes or trailers, so the category consists entirely of "other." Other can mean boxcars, houseboats or a variety of other housing types. For the housing projections, the percentage of other housing will remain constant (1.2% of the area's housing) since it is difficult to project the need for this category of housing. units will be required to meet the projected need for multiple-family housing. The total figure in Table C-11 indicates that by 2015 an excess of four housing units will exist if no changes are made and if all existing housing units are properly maintained. Table C-11 uses the figures established in Table C-1 O to show the changes that will be necessary. The table lists excesses and deficiencies based on existing housing units. Using projections, and the 1990 figure of 2,611 single-family units in St. Joseph, Table C-11 shows that in 2015 there will be an excess of 41 units. Similarly, it can be seen that an excess of 1O duplexes will exist in 2015. By 2015 an additional 44 multiple-family 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN C-9 �0 TABLE C-11 § HOUSING TYPE FORECAST: FUTURE NEEDS BASED ON EXISTING UNITS 0 "I1 (/) ;3 .... : : ri;;::•:• ,,_.(Jl\~~~~,11i: ti;I.~.: l:i~\~~~il1!ll!,~iJ,••I I I E=8 2,586 E = 25 2,579 E = 32 2,582 E = 29 36 I E = 1 32 E = 5 32 E = 5 27 1,845 I 1,857 I D = 12 1,849 0=4 1,867 D = 22 55 I D = 12 54 D=2 54 I D=6 4,521 E = 24 4,532 0 (/) ~ ~ (/) § 8 (j "C ~ SingleFamily Duplex MultiFamily 2,611 37 I 52 I Other Total 4,545 I 2,603 4,551 1 ""~'~'',i l~~]~ffl I E = 41 I -1.6 E = 10 21 I E = 10 I -27.0 1,882 D = 37 1,8891 D = 441 +2.4 D=2 54 D=2 I D = 21 +3.8 E = 13 4,545 D=0 4,5411 E = 41 -0.08 2,570 54 SOURCE: Gove Associates Inc. 8 &1 (j ....0 I ~ ,_1 �ECONOMY �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ECONOMY The economy of a community is often difficult to limit to the community's borders. This is true because many people do not choose to live and work in the same community. The St. Joseph area does seem to offer its residents a large percentage of their jobs since in 1980, 86.0 percent of the City's workers lived less than 20 minutes from their place of employment. While a large portion of the City's workers were employed near their homes, at least 14.0 percent worked outside of St. Joseph. Unemployment A community's unemployment rate is often used to indicate the economic vitality of the area. To better understand what an area's unemployment rate means it should be compared with other unemployment rates to develop a relation between local and regional rates that shows the relative economic condition of an area. Table D-1 shows the unemployment rates for St. Joseph, Benton Harbor, the Benton Harbor MSA (Berrien County) and Michigan. Between 1988 and September of 1991 the unemployment rates in St. Joseph have been consistently lower than for the County or the State as a whole. The difference between St. Joseph's unemployment rate and Benton Harbor's is so drastically different that it is difficult to believe the two cities are adjacent to each other. While St. Joseph's rates are lower than the comparison areas' rates, the City's unemployment rates do tend to relate to the State and County's unemployment rates - which have risen since 1988. The Benton Harbor MSA (Berrien County) and Michigan have had similar unemployment trends since 1988, with their trend lines crossing every year (Figure D-1). TABLE D-1 UNEMPLOYMENT RATE 4.8 5.2 5.2 6.7 22.4 23.9 23.8 28.9 Benton Harbor MSA (Berrien County) 6.8 7.4 7.3 9.4 Michigan 7.6 7.1 7.5 9.2 St. Joseph Benton Harbor SOURCE: Michigan Employment Security Commission 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN D-1 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ECONOMY FIGURE D-1 UNEMPLOYMENT TRENDS: 1988-1991 UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (%) 30 25 • . . . . . . . . .. . ........•..................•. 20 15 10 •· ....... . . 5 -- - - - - - --- - -- -- -- -- ---- - -- __. 0--------------------------.. . 198B 19B9 1990 YEAR SEPTEMBER 1991 -ST. JOSEPH • • • • • • • • • BENTON HARBOR · · · · • · · · · BERRIEN COUNTY - - - - MICHIGAN SOURCE: Michigan Employment Security Commission 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN D-2 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ECONOMY Employment by Industry The types of jobs tnat people in a community have can identify a lot about the community. Table D-2 compares employment in St. Joseph with employment in Berrien County and Michigan. The information shows that in 1990 St. Joseph had a much lower percentage of agricultural related employment (0.2%) than either the County (2.8%) or the State (2.0%) - this is not surprising since St. Joseph is an urban area. It also is not surprising that the County has a higher percentage of agricultural employment than the State since Berrien County is a major agricultural County. The percentage of construction related employment in St. Joseph was higher than either the County or the State in 1990. Construction accounted for 5.3 percent of St. Joseph's employment, 5.0 percent of Berrien County's and 4.9 percent of the State's. Employment relating to the manufacturing of both nondurable and durable goods was lower in St. Joseph than either the County or the State. In St. Joseph 5.0 percent of the employment was related to the manufacturing of nondurable goods - the County figure was 6.5 percent and the State's figure was 5.6. Employment relating to the manufacturing of durable goods accounted for 18.7 percent of the City's employment - lower than the County's rate of 21.3 percent or the State's figure of 19.0 percent. The manufacturing of durable goods is the largest employer for all three areas. 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Employment relating to transportation accounts for 2.3 percent of St. Joseph's jobs - less than the County or the State. Communications and public utilities related jobs account for 2.6 percent of the City's employment. This figure is less than the County's figure of 2.9 percent but greater than the State's figure of 2.1 percent. Wholesale trade in St. Joseph is related to 5.4 percent of the City's employment. This is a larger proportion than either the County or the State. The second largest employer in St. Joseph is related to retail trade. With 17.2 percent of the area's employment related to retail trade, St. Joseph is very similar to both the County and the State. St. Joseph's figure of 4.9 percent for employment related to finance, insurance and real estate (FIRE) is higher than the County (4.3%) and lower than the State (5.4%). Employment related to health services in St. Joseph is lower than either the State or County - this is unusual since the Mercy Memorial Medical Center is located in St. Joseph. Education related employment in St. Joseph accounted for 9.1 percent of the City's employment lower than Berrien County but higher than Michigan. In the four remaining categories (business and repair services, personal entertainment and recreation services, public administration and other professional and related services), St. Joseph has higher percentages than either the County or the State. D-3 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ECONOMY TABLE D-2 1990 EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY: ST. JOSEPH, BERRIEN COUNTY, MICHIGAN 11 0.2 2,044 2.8 2.0 Construction 245 5.3 3,630 5.0 4.9 Manufacturing - Nondurable Goods 233 5.0 4,790 6.5 5.6 Manufacturing - Durable Goods 874 18.7 15,588 21.3 19.0 Transportation 108 2.3 2,411 3.3 3.3 Communication and Other Public Utilities 119 2.6 2,122 2.9 2.1 Wholesale Trade 252 5.4 3,053 4.2 4.0 Retail Trade 805 17.2 12,300 16.8 18.0 Finance, Insurance and Real Estate 229 4.9 3,167 4.3 5.4 Business and Repair Services 228 4.9 3,089 4.2 4.7 Personal, Entertainment and Recreation Services 205 4.4 2,622 3.6 3.9 Health Services 356 7.6 5,605 7.7 8.9 Educational Services 426 9.1 7,184 9.8 8.6 Other Professional and Related Services 398 8.5 3,622 5.0 5.8 Public Administration 182 3.9 1,927 2.6 3.8 Agriculture,Forestry, Fishing, Mining SOURCE: 1990 U.S. Census of Population Table D-3 shows how employment changed in St. Joseph between 1980 and 1990. Overall, the number of jobs increased in 11 of the 15 categories. The most dramatic increase was in construction. Between 1980 and 1990 the number of construction-related jobs increased from 129 to 245, or an 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN increase of 89.9 percent. The second largest increase was in wholesale trade which increased by 71.4 percent between 1980 and 1990 to reach a 1990 figure of 252 jobs. The third largest change occurred in "other professional and related services" which increased from 304 employees in 1980 to 398 employees D-4 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ECONOMY decreased from 1,065 employees in 1980 to 874 in 1990. The second largest decrease occurred in the nondurable manufacturing which decreased from 315 to 233 jobs. The third largest decrease was in the public administration category which decreased by 70 personnel during the period. Overall, manufacturing and public jobs decreased in the City while all others either increased or remained relatively unchanged. in 1990. This was followed by business and related services which increased by 88 employees to reaoh a total of 228. These numeric increases were followed by health related services, transportation, education, finance, insurance and real estate, retail trade, personal entertainment and communications and public utilities. The largest decrease during the 10-year period occurred in the manufacturing of durable goods which TABLE 0-3 EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY IN ST. JOSEPH: 1980, 1990 JrtitiAAeriC= :'.~lf/<,,, :!li[i.\~; .· ~1~B;:: 20 0.5 11 0.2 -9 -45.0 Construction 129 2.9 245 5.3 +116 +89.9 Manufacturing - Nondurable Goods 315 7.1 233 5.0 -82 -26.0 1,065 24.0 874 18.7 -191 -17.9 65 1.0 108 2.3 +43 +66.2 Communication and Other Public Utilities 117 2.6 119 2.6 +2 +1.7 Wholesale Trade 147 3.3 252 5.4 +105 +71.4 Retail Trade 789 17.8 805 17.2 +16 +2.0 Finance, Insurance and Real Estate 210 4.7 229 4.9 +19 +9.0 Business and Repair Services 140 3.1 228 4.9 +88 +62.9 Personal, Entertainment and Recreation Services 202 4.5 205 4.4 +3 +1.5 Health Services 308 6.9 356 7.6 +48 +15.6 Educational Services 383 8.6 426 9.1 +43 +11.2 Other Professional and Related Services 304 6.8 398 8.5 +94 +30.9 Public Administration 252 5.7 182 3.9 -70 -27.8 4,446 100.0 4,671 100.0 +225 +5.1 Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, Mining Manufacturing - Durable Goods Transportation Total SOURCE: 1980, 1990 U.S. Census of Population 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN D-5 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ECONOMY Principal Economic Base Employers Economic base employers are industries whose goods or services are chiefly exported from the area and are often the reason a variety of other employers exist in an area. The Principal Economic Base Employers in Berrien County are shown in Table D-4. These employers are essential to the area's economic stability since they help bring wealth into the community and because of the multiplier effect these industries have on creating jobs in other local industries. TABLE 0-4 PRINCIPAL ECONOMIC BASE EMPLOYERS IN BERRIEN COUNTY Whiripool, Benton Harbor 1,885 Home Appliances Zenith Data Systems, St. Joseph 1,830 Computers, electronic equipment Bendix Automotive Systems, St. Joseph 1,200 Auto parts Leco, St. Joseph 1,200 Analytical instruments United Technologies Auto., Niles 650 Miscellaneous plastic products Gast Mfg., Benton Harbor & Bridgman 641 Compressors, air and gas Simplicity Patterns, Niles 509 Dress patterns Tyler Refrigeration, Niles 484 Refrigeration and heating Modern Plastics, Benton Harbor 463 Molders, inject. thermoset Weldun International, Bridgman 425 Flex assembly and test systems Comstock Mich. Fruit, Benton Harbor 355 Canned fruits National Standard, Niles 350 Reinforcing and specialty wire Ag-Tech Crop Sprayer, Niles 300 Horticulture sprayers Hughes Plastics, St. Joseph 270 Custom molded thermoplastics Wollin Products, Stevensville 250 Miscellaneous plastic products Industrial Rubber Goods, St. Joseph 242 Molded and extruded rubber Premier Tool & Die, Berrien Springs 230 Zinc and aluminum die cast Sheperd Products, St. Joseph 165 Hardware, stampings AUSCO Product Company 207 Malleable castings New Products Corp., Benton Harbor 210 Die cast component parts Total Employees 11,931 SOURCE: Michigan Department of Commerce, January 1992 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN D-6 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ECONOMY described individually throughout the Plan, i.e. public employees, school employees and employees at Mercy Memorial Medical Center, as well as others. Table D-5 lists other employers in the area that can be considered base employers - since their products or services are exported from the area. Other major employers in the area are TABLE D-5 OTHER EMPLOYERS IN BERRIEN COUNTY = i ::trt=Im:: m: ,5pipl9ye.~s All Phase Electric, St. Joseph & Benton Harbor 250 Electrical parts distribution Hanson Mold, St. Joseph 100 Mold manufacturers Vail Rubberworks, St. Joseph 100 Rubber and polyurethene Advanced Products Corp., Benton Harbor 30 Tool and die supplies Alreco Metals, Inc., Benton Harbor 133 Aluminum smelter Benton Harbor Engineering, Benton Harbor 100 Hydraulic cylinders Custom Products, Stevensville D.C. Cook Plant, Bridgman 21 Sheet metal products 750 Nuclear Power Plant plus (400 contracted employees) Cast-Matic Corporation, Stevensville 140 Aluminum and zinc, die casting KitchenAid, St. Joseph 247 Home Appliances SOURCE: City of St. Joseph; Gove Associates Inc. 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN 0-7 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ECONOMY throughout the County. Table D-6 shows that two sites of less than .5 acres were available in St. Joseph in 1991 - a very small amount of land. Many of the areas surrounding St. Joseph have large amounts of available industrial land. Available Industrial Sites in Berrien County The Michigan Department of Commerce has published a list that details the amount of industrial land available TABLE D-6 AVAILABLE INDUSTRIAL SITES (as of December 1991) Benton Harbor 18 469 190 0 Benton Township 18 491 199 1 Berrien Springs 1 3 Bridgman 2 107 43 0 Buchanan 4 0 0 1 Buchanan Township 1 5 2 0 Chikaming Township 1 0 0 0 Coloma 1 0 0 0 Hagar Township 2 6 2 0 Lake Township 3 63 25 0 Lincoln Township 3 30 12 0 Niles 8 19 8 Niles Township 6 105 42 0 Oronoko Township 3 34 14 0 St. Joseph 2 0 0 1 St. Joseph Township 4 0 0 0 Stevensville 1 0 0 0 Three Oaks 1 0 0 0 Watervliet 1 25 10 0 Watervliet Township 1 0 0 0 81 1,357 548 4 County Total 0 Zero acres indicates less than half an acre available. SOURCE: Michigan Department of Commerce 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN D-8 �r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ECONOMY St. Joseph's median household income was $15,150, or 93.1 percent of the County's figure of $16,274. Between 1979 and 1989 the City's per capita income increased by 99.0 percent nearly doubling in 10 years. In 1989 the City's per capita income was $18,421, or 145.8 percent of the County's per capita income of $12,636. Between 1979 and 1989 the household income for St. Joseph increased by 88.6 percent to reach a figure of $28,566. This is 104.8 percent of the County's household income of $27,245 - even though St. Joseph's average household size is considerably smaller. Income Another major indicate>r of an area's economic condition is income. Incomes indicate the buying power of the residents of an area, when compared with the surrounding area. In 1979, St. Joseph's per capita income was $9,257, or 137.7 percent of Berrien County's per capita income of $6,723. Table D-7 shows that while the per capita income was higher in St. Joseph than in Berrien County, the median household income was higher in Berrien County - this can be attributed to St. Joseph's smaller median household size. In 1979, TABLE D-7 INCOME FIGURES FOR ST. JOSEPH AND BERRIEN COUNTY: 1979 AND 1989 :] : : : :~?'ti) ,: :cnahg~( • •II • •II • • s1siI, · tt=::;:::1 St. Joseph $9,257 $18,421 99.0 $15,150 $28,566 88.6 Berrien County $6,723 $12,636 88.0 $16,274 $27,245 67.7 St. Joseph as % of County 137.7% 145.8 93.1% 104.8 SOURCE: 1980 and 1990 U.S. Census of Population 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN D-9 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ECONOMY Taxes The truces in a community are essential to support the services that are required to operate and maintain a community. Table D-8 compares the 1990 State Equalized Valuations (SEV) and the various true rates of 1O cities in Western Michigan (including St. Joseph). By comparing these cities with each other it is easier to understand how true rates and SEVs influence the ways that a city generates funds. St. Joseph's 1990 SEV of $188,025,387 is second only to Holland's SEV of $516,270,200 - but Holland's population count is over three times greater than St. Joseph's. The City's per capita SEV of $20,406 is 146 percent higher than the 1O city average figure of $14,020. South Haven's per capita SEV of $17,214 is the second highest per capita SEV. For comparison, each community's county, city, school and total truces are shown in Table D-8. St. Joseph. While St. Joseph's true rate is lower than many of the comparison communities, the SEV in St. Joseph is higher. This means that even though St. Joseph's true rates are lower, only one community (Holland) collected more truces than St. Joseph. On a per capita basis, St. Joseph residents paid $1,220.42 compared to the 1O city average of $858.52. In St. Joseph, the County (Berrien) true rate of 5.99 mils is lower (92%) than the 10 city average county true rate of 6.54 mils. Only Holland's county true rate of .43 mils is lower. St. Joseph's City true rate of 16.7 mils is higher (109%) than the 1O city average true rate of 15.37 mils. Both Niles (18.65) and Three Rivers (18. 71) have higher city true rates than St. Joseph. The school system true rate of 37 .12 mils in St. Joseph is lower (97%) than the 10 city average of 40.03 mils. Of the 1O communities only one, South Haven, has lower school true rates. When all of the true rates are combined, the overall true rate in St. Joseph of 59.81 mils is lower (97%) than the 1O city average of 61.94 mils. Of the 10 communities three - Sturgis, South Haven and Otsego - have lower true rates than 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN D-10 �•••• 0 TABLE D-8 § COMPARISON OF TAX RATES :111i ~ ....0~ ! § @ ~·~~~·~·· ml!llm1 iliBr~Jli'hmi\!lii St. Joseph $188,025,387 $20,406 5.99 $1,125,839.61 16.70 $3,139,497.49 37.12 $6,979,591 .96 59.81 $11,244,929.06 $1 ,220.42 Sturgis $118,822,984 $11 ,730 6.36 $755,714.17 10.80 $1,283,298.70 39.54 $4,698,141 .97 56.70 $6,737,154.84 $665.07 Three Rivers $n,169,090 $10,491 6.36 $494,611.41 18.71 1,455,110.20 39.32 $3,057,802.85 64.39 $5,007,524.46 $675.51 Allegan $54,872,255 $12,068 6.76 $370,733.42 14.95 $820,340.21 39.09 $2,144,808.30 60.79 $3,335,881 .93 $733.64 $95,763,996 $17,214 7.24 $693,256.43 16.53 $1 ,583,304.45 I 35.81 I $3,434,815.12 I 59.64 I $5,111 ,316.00 I $1 ,026.67 Niles $120,175,500 $9,646 5.99 $719,582.80 18.65 $2,241 ,oao.19 I 42.48 I $5,105,386.11 I 67.12 I $8,066,oso.so I $647.46 Holland $516,720,200 $16,807 5.43 $2,805,813.82 14.63 $7,560,795.90 I 40.64 I $20,999,687.79 I 60.10 I $31,366,297.51 I $1,020.21 Springfield $45,979,060 $8,237 7.07 $325,094.94 15.50 $712,675.43 49.61 $2,280,920.00 72.18 $3,318,690.37 I $594.53 Otsego $53,262,300 $13,529 6.76 $359,856.08 11 .00 $585,892.74 37.36 $1,989,741 .05 55.11 $2,935,489.87 I $745.62 Hastings $76,4n,aoo $11 ,678 7.48 $571,740.38 16.20 $1 ,238,940.36 39.25 $3,002,028.97 62.93 $4,812,109.11 I $734.88 Average $134,786,857 $14,020 6.54 $822,224.31 15.37 $2,062,093.63 40.03 $5,369,292.47 61.94 $8,253,610.41 I $858.52 (') ~ ~~... South Haven SOURCE: Michigan Department of Treasury; Gove Associates Inc. ~ (") 0I ........ I �PUBLIC AND QUASI-PUBLIC FACILITIES �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC AND QUASI-PUBLIC FACILITIES The level of service provided to the residents of a community can be measured in several ways - many of which are difficult to put into quantifiable figures. Some of the less quantifiable methods include the feelings of the community's residents towards the City and the service provided, the quality of the City's employees, and other factors that a number often cannot define. One method to show the level of service in a community is to make comparisons with other communities. In January of 1992, a survey of 1O communities (including St. Joseph) was taken to compare population, total fulltime employees, residents per employee and employee distribution. For this comparison part-time and volunteer forces were not included. The results of this survey allow residents to compare their community with nine other communities in Western Michigan. The results of this survey are shown in Table E-1. The average population of the 1o communities is 9,614, which is very similar to St. Joseph's 1990 population of 9,214. The average number of full-time employees is 91.1 - considerably less than St. Joseph's work force of 125. The table shows that St. Joseph has one employee for every 73. 7 residents, the only community with more employees per resident is South Haven with 62.5 residents per employee. The average number of residents per employee is 105.6. St. Joseph has a considerably larger proportion of City employees than the average of the 1O communities. This means that a higher level of service is provided to St. Joseph residents than many other communities in Western Michigan. 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN The distribution of City employees is also shown in Table E-1. St. Joseph's Police Department employs 26 persons,-or 20.8 percent of the City's work force. This force is four persons larger than the average figure for the 1O communities, but accounts for a smaller percentage of the communities work force than the average. The City's Fire Department employs 14 full-time employees - a larger force than the 1O community average of 10.3 employees. The percentage of fire fighters, relative to total City employment, is 11.2 percent, very similar to the 1O city average of 11.3 percent. St. Joseph's 53 repair or maintenance related personnel accounts for 42.4 percent of the City's employees - higher than the 1O city average of 38.2 percent. The 13 full-time employees used to operate the City's library and other similar resources accounts for 10.4 percent of City personnel - higher than the average of 8.5 percent. The number of administrative personnel in St. Joseph is 19. This figure accounts for 15.2 percent of the City's employees and is a lower percentage than the 1O city average of 17. 1 percent. These figures indicate that St. Joseph has more employees per resident than the average community, but that no department has a disproportionately high or low number of employees when compared with employee distribution in the nine other communities. E-1 �TABLE E-1 0 COMPARISON OF COMMUNITIES § ~ Cll dll11flllltl '.'"-l 0 Cll tTI ~ St. Joseph ~ Sturgis* 9,214 125 73.7 26 20.8 14 11 .2 53 42.4 13 10.4 19 15.2 10,130 101 100.3 16 15.8 14 13.9 44 43.5 9 8.9 14 13.9 4 180.2 16 25.2 9 14.2 25 39.4 3 4.7 10.5 16.5 0 2.1 19 39.6 5 10.4 7 14.6 0 0 Three Rivers 7,413 63.5 Allegan 4,547 48 94.7 16 33.3 South Haven t t 5,563 89 62.5 20 22.5 11 12.4 35 39.3 4 4.5 19 21 .3 0 Niles 12,458 145 85.9 24 16.5 14 9.7 76 52.4 11 7.6 20 13.8 0 Holland 30,745 227.05 135.5 64.0 28.2 27.0 11.9 55.75 24.6 29.55 47.4 20.9 3.35 23.1 10 25.6 0 8 20.5 0 12 46.2 0 6 23.0 0 18 38.3 2 4.3 5 10.6 0 34.8 38.2 7.7 8.5 15.6 17.1 0 .7 4.0 tTI 8 (') ~ Springfield 5,582 39 143.1 12 30.8 9 Otsego 3,937 26 151 .4 8 30.8 0 Hastings 6,549 47 139.3 18 38.3 4 8.5 Average 9,614 91 .1 105.6 22 24.1 10.3 11.3 *An additional 295 employees work in the City-owned Hospital **Although the 4 full-time Library employees are not City employees, they have been Included in the total count. SOURCE: 1990 Census of Population; Gove Associates Inc. tTI N I 13.0 1.4 0.8 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC AND QUASI-PUBLIC FACILITIES City Hall The St. Joseph City Hall, located at 620 Broad Street, provides office space for the City Manager, the City Clerk and Treasurer, the Assessor, the Community Development Office and Purchasing, Engineering Personnel, Inspection Personnel and various support personnel. Additionally, the Police Department is housed in City Hall and the Fire Station is connected directly to the City Hall. The 3-story masonry building which houses the City offices currently has 15,438 square feet of space, an additional 6,754 square feet of space is located in the adjacent Fire Station. The City Hall and Fire Station, which were both built in 1913 and have since had extensive renovations, were evaluated in 1991. The report "City Hall/Fire Station Facilities Study" details many of the facility's shortcomings and list the advantages and disadvantages of renovating the existing building versus building new facilities. The following recommendation is taken directly from the report: Recommendation City Hall - The existing City Hall building was built in 1913 and has had numerous remodeling in 78 years of service for the people of St. Joseph. The structural engineering report notes that the structure (frame of building) is in very good condition. But that pollution and time has taken its toll on the exterior/interior architecture of the building. This will require repairs and updating of materials. 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN The mechanical and electrical engineering reports note that the building systems need total replacement. The existing systems have worked well for many years, but have become obsolete. These systems need to be updated to serve the people of St. Joseph into the year 2000 and beyond. There are code deficiencies, with the big issue being AD.A. or the Americans with Disabilities Act, which becomes effective January 26, 1992. This is a federal civil rights legislation designed to improve access to jobs, work place and commercial spaces for disabled people. The State of Michigan is incorporating AD.A. requirements into its barrier free code requirements. This means elevators, ramps and barrier free restrooms are required in the existing City Hall. Fire Station - The existing Fire Station was also built at the same time as the City Hall in 1913, and has had many remodelings in 78 years. The structural engineering report notes that the building has some structural problems and will need structural rework if renovated. The mechanical and electrical engineering reports note that this building, like City Hall, needs total rework of its systems. Again, time and age have taken their toll on the building's mechanical and electrical systems, as was the case of the electrical fire last year. Like City Hall, the Fire Station needs work on code deficiencies such as barrier free requirements and facilities for women. E-3 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC AND QUASI-PUBLIC FACILITIES There are major working problems trying to run a state-of-the-art Fire Station in a 78 year old building. The 11 foot high overhead doors with 14 foot high ceiling in existing apparatus room does not work well with today's equipment that needs 14 foot high overhead doors with 16 foot high ceilings in apparatus bays. This type of problem has caused damage to the equipment and could cause injury to personnel. Conclusion - The space study shows that the City government needs now and in the next five years about 60 percent more space, but that over the next 20 years only 182 SF of added space after the first five years is needed. The areas with the greatest needs are the Police, Fire, Engineering, Inspection and City Manager/ Personnel Departments. As part of the space study requirements four renovation/remodeling concepts have been developed with preliminary cost estimates. Estimates for potential construction of an entirely new facility have also been prepared. Building a totally new facility would be the least costly vs. renovation of existing buildings. Today a new facility is about 80 percent efficient (ratio of circulation, exterior walls, mechanical spaces, etc. to usable space). The existing City Hall is about 45 percent efficient with renovation and additions it may be able to increase efficiency to about 65 percent to 70 percent. The existing old buildings have served the City well for 78 years, and have a lot of character and 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN sentimental value. The report states "Renovation of these buildings will show your commitment to your motto 'Holding onto the past...Reaching out to the future;' but to do renovation will be more costly." Police Department The City's Police Department, which is located in the City Hall, occupies 3,289 square feet of space throughout the City Hall. The City maintains no holding cells due to insurance costs and the availability of County Jail holding cells. The Department has 19 full-time certified officers including the Police Chief, two Lieutenants and a Detective and one part-time certified officer. In addition to the officers the Department consists of four 911 dispatchers, two clerical employees and one parking enforcement officer. The Department has five marked vehicles, one of which is a reserve vehicle, three unmarked vehicles and a van which is used by the Department for a variety of purposes. The Department has a four person dive team (soon to be a 5 person unit). With two rivers running through the City, and Lake Michigan this seems a necessity. Some of the needs facing the Department include the need to update the communication equipment used by the Department, more personnel and more training. The increased demands placed on law enforcement personnel requires that training is constantly updated. Some of the goals of the St. Joseph Police Department include expanding cooperative efforts with St. Joseph Township and Lincoln Township, and instituting a Marina Patrol for the many marinas in the community. E-4 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC AND QUASI-PUBLIC FACILITIES In 1990 there were 1,932 complaints, or five percent less than the 2,033 complaints filed in 1989. While the number of complaints decreased between 1989 and 1990, the number of criminal arrests increased. In 1989 there were 539 arrests, this number increased by 20.2 percent in 1990 to 648 arrests. During the same period the number of traffic arrests increased by 24.2 percent from 3,229 in 1989 to 4,011 in 1990. In 1990 the City issued $47,331 dollars worth of parking tickets. Fire Department The Fire Department is located adjacent to the City Hall, in the 2-story fire station. The Department consists of 14 full-time personnel including the Fire Chief and the Fire Marshall. In addition to the 14 full-time personnel there are 11 paid, oncall firefighters. Ideally, the fire station is staffed by four firefighters at any time, but a minimum of three firefighters is allowed. The four police dispatchers are also used to dispatch the Fire Department for fire and other emergencies. The Department has three engines one of which is used as a reserve unit. The newest engine is a 1983 Pierce that is capable of pumping 1,000 gallons per minute. The second on-line engine is a 1973 American LeFrance capable of pumping 1,500 gallons per minute. This vehicle is also fitted with a 50 foot "telesquirt" which assists in fighting fires in multi-story buildings. The reserve engine is a 1954 American LeFrance that is capable of pumping 1,000 gallons per minute. In addition to the fire engines the Department maintains a utility /pickup truck, a van for the inspector and a station wagon for the Fire Chief. 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN The City's water system provides an overall flow of 3,500 gallons per minute for fire fighting.; In 1990 the Department responded to 199 calls, usually the Department responds to between 220 and 225 calls per year. The Department currently has several needs. The major need is to update its facilities by either renovating the existing building or building a new facility. If a new facility is built it should be more centrally located than the existing station. Another major requirement is the addition of a ladder/pumper truck to the Fire Station's fleet of vehicles. Updating existing vehicles is another need, as is replacing 4" fire mains and providing improved maintenance to hydrants. Some of the goals of the Department include increasing crew sizes to five people (instead of 4). This would allow for safer operation of the vehicles by allowing more than one person operate an engine. Another goal is to increase support staff by adding a secretary/ clerical worker to the Department. Increasing computer literacy for Fire Department members is also a goal of the Department. Recreational Facilities The parks and other recreation related facilities in and around a community directly contribute to the quality of life for area residents. St. Joseph is aware of the importance of recreation to an area and has implemented a 5-year recreation plan to guide the City's recreational programs into the future. The following inventory of area facilities is taken from the Plan: E-5 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC AND QUASI-PUBLIC FACILITIES TABLE E-2 RECREATIONAL AREA FACILITIES , ':tl; " r vtit~ m•::c:t? \lf -:.--· .-,.-. lii' it \F .. :~::;:;:::: ,:;@(\= -. Fibillttea .· .... t;t:,.lK. ?f , .•.--· --:-:-. t h:;tes ,., '-:-:-::-· Berrien County Facilitie• Rocky Gap Park Swimming , Picnic /vea Madaline Bertrand Park Hiking, Shelter, Disc Golf Course, Nature lveas Love Creek Park Nature Center, Exhibits, Hiking, Restrooms, Book Store 11.0 Silver Beach/Broad Street Under Development 22.0 3.0 Total Acreage State of Michigan 157.0 Facilitia■ Warren Dunes State Park Camping , Swimming, Hiking, Lake Michigan Shore Sand Dunes Warren Woods State Park Hiking , Picnic /veas, Educational Programs Grand Mere State Park Hiking, Educational Programs 1,190.0 500.0 1,022.0 Total Acreage City of St. Joseph 121 .0 2,712.0 Facilitie ■ Tlscornia Park{Tiscornia Park Drive Swimming , Picnic lvea, Pavilion, Lifeguards, Restrooms 16.0 West Basin Marina/ Edgewater 79 Slips, 100 A. of Broadside Dockage 94 off-street Parking 7.96 Spaces, Restrooms, Store Bluff Park/ Lake Blvd . Lake View, Memorials, Band Shell , Restrooms, Formal Garden, 7.34 Community Events Upton lvboretum/ Blossomland Bridge River, Frontage, Asphalt Paths, Lighting, Benches, Gazebo Kiwanis Park/Wolcott Avenue Large Playfield, 2 Ball Diamond (1 Lighted), 6 Lighted Tennis 2.3 19.2 Courts, 2 Horseshoe Pits, 1 Basketball Court, 2 Shuffleboard Courts, Shelter, Restrooms, Off-street Parking ' ' I Point Park/ State and Main Passive Recreation, Aesthetic Value 0.3 Boat Launch Site/Industrial Island Concrete Launch Ramp 3.0 Lion 's Park/ Pine Street Passive Recreation, Lake View, Hiking Milton Park/ Niles Avenue Small Neighborhood Park, Lights, Sandlot, Paths Stubblefield Tennis Courts/ St. Joseph H.S. 7 Tennis Courts Dickenson Park/ Lakeview 2 Ballfields (1 Lighted) 8.39 Whittlesey Park/ Napier Avenue lee Skating with Warming House, Rocket (Youth) Football 2.64 Lookout Park/ Lakeshore Drive Passive Recreation, Picnic lvea 8.96 Riverview Park/ Niles Ave. South Passive Recreation, Fully Enclosed Lodge, 2 Shelters 2 Picnic /veas, 3 Ballfields (1 Lighted), Restrooms, Boat Launch, Park, Fee for Non-City Residents (St. Joseph Township) 17.22 2.12 4.0 Total Acreage 107.00 206.43 SOURCE: City of St Joseph Recreation Plan, 1990 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN E-6 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC AND QUASI-PUBLIC FACILITIF.S The City's 1990-1995 Recreation Plan has determined that an adequate amount of land is currently devoted to public recreational purposes. The plan stresses the importance of the City's location at the mouth of the St. Joseph River and feels the expansion of marina services should be encouraged. The long-range objectives from the City's 1990-95 Recreation plan are listed on the following page. In addition to the parks, the area's schools are also used for many recreational activities as described in the public schools section of this Plan. St. Joseph's proximity to Lake Michigan provides many recreational opportunities that relate to the lake. In the City's boundaries, there are several marinas (Table E-3) offering a total of 740 slips. In addition to the 740 slips in St. Joseph there are currently an additional 780 slips in Benton Harbor and St. Joseph Township. TABLE E-3 MARINAS IN THE CITY OF ST. JOSEPH AND NEARBY MARINAS ________________ ______ ,,,::c Name . ........_ # of Slrps - .;.;.;.._ City of St. Joseph Brian's Harbor 220 Harbor Isle Marina 175 (42 owned by condominium • 50-75 additional slips planned) _,;__..;..__..;.._ Pier 33 - East South West _____ ~ 44 127 49 Waterfront Marina 53 West Basin Marina 72 Shoreview Condominiums 18 Total 758 Nearby Marinas Eagle Point (St. Joseph Township) 503 (more planned) --'----------~ New Harbor Marina (City of Benton Harbor) 56 (107 more planned • engineering and permits ready • waiting for economy) Pier 1000 (Benton Harbor) 220 ng Total (Existing) SOURCE: City of St Joseph, Gove Associates Inc. 0 - CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN - - - - - - - - ~ ~- - -- ----- E-7 -- �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC AND QUASI-PUBLIC FACILITIES Long-Range Objectives Lookout Park: A) Expansion of Lookout Park should be programmed to provide erosion protection along the edge of Lakeshore Drive. Silver Beach Area: A) Continue to work with Berrien County and adjoining property owners to assure a public beach access to Lake Michigan. B) Facilitate residential development and similar land uses that will compliment the recreational activities anticipated in this area. School District Facilities: A) Continue to work with the School District to provide a broad range of recreational facilities and programs. B) Maintain a formalized relationship with the School District to assure continuing funding for any joint recreational activities. Ravine Area Protection: A) Provide protection for major ravine areas in the City through scenic easements, dedications, or reservations. B) Encourage protection of such areas by allowing density credits in development proposals. C) Acquire ravine areas wherever possible. Bike Path System: A) Implement the Bike Path System as previously recommended. B) Provide for dedications and/ or reservations of the bike path 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN system when new development takes place. Marina Improvements: A) Continue to refine and improve facilities at West Basin Marina. B) Provide additional slips and dockage in the St. Joseph River to enhance the leisure-time recreational opportunities provided by these natural resources. School District An area's school system is an important part of a community. Schools educate the area's youth and prepare them for adult life in the community. Not only do a community's schools benefit the existing residents, they are often the reason new residents choose one community over another. Schools also are an important part of a community's social character. Since schools are vital to a community's well-being, it is essential that a thorough description of the school system is included in this Plan, and that the system is included in the planning process. The St. Joseph Public School District covers 22 square miles of land and serves residents in the City of St. Joseph and portions of St. Joseph, Lincoln and Royalton townships. Between the 197778 school year and the 1991-92 school year, overall enrollment in the School District decreased by 33.0 percent. Table E-4 breaks the student enrollment into three separate school age categories and shows total enrollment figures for the District. Between 1977-78 and 1981-82 overall enrollment decreased by 23.0 percent with similar decreases in the E-8 �j, 1, 1 11 0 TABLE E-4 (') ~ STUDENT ENROLLMENT TRENDS ~ I,· .• I ...,.,.·.,.·.,.·.·.,.,.·.,.,.. v,, , , ........ -,.......·.L.,. ,......,.,.......,.•. L,.,,-,., ....................,.. , . ~ ..... ta1r lffl 0 Cl.) ~ j > @ 0 n Elem. (tl!i 1 1 llill llm • 1,716 1,571 1,456 1,387.3 1,290 -24.8 1,212 1,151 1,150 1,142 1,147 -5.4 1,004 1,039 1,056 1,113 1;-160 + 15.5 -32.4 567 584 520 450 460 -18.9 496 490 445 400 255 -28.4 538 523 507 529 551 +2.4 -2.8 1,427 1,294 1,230 1,179 1,108 -22.4 1,029 1,017 976 988 1,004 -2.4 924 866 818 770 774 -16.2 -45.8 -23.o I 2,131 2,506 -s.4 I 2,466 2,485 +0.8 -33.0 (K-5) Middle School (6-8) "'1:1 ~ High School (9-12) Total 3,110 I 3,449 I 3,206 I 3,016* I 2,asa•• *Includes 7 Special Education Students **Includes 15 Special Education Students SOURCE: St. Joseph Public Schools; Gove Associates Inc. tT1 \0 I 2,658 I 2,511 I 2,530 I I 2,428 I 2,381 I 2,412 I �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC AND QUASI-PUBLIC FACILITIES three school age categories. Between 1982-83 and 1986-87 overall enrollment figures decreased by 8.4 percent - a much smaller percentage decrease than the previous period. During this period the middle school enrollment figures decreased by 28.4 percent - a much greater decrease than elementary school or high school figures. Enrollment in the St. Joseph Public School System increased by 0.8 percent between 198788 and 1991-92. The majority of the increase is due to the 15.5 percent increase in elementary students. Between 1977-78 and 1991-92 elementary student enrollment decreased by 32.4 percent, Middle School enrollment decreased by 2.8 percent and High School enrollment decreased by 45.8 percent. The total student count in 1991-92 of 2,485 students was 1,225 less than the 1977-78 figure of 3,710. Enrollment projections for the School District indicate an increase in total students between 1992-93 and 1996-97 of 9.0 percent. Table E-5 shows the projections for the three age groups. Table E-6 shows the level of service provided by the School District during the 1981-82 and 1991-92 school years. During this 1O year period the overall staff size of the school system has decreased by 19.5 percent but the number of students per teacher (class size) has also decreased. Table E-6 shows that during the 1981-82 school year there were 21.1 students per teacher. During the 1991-92 school year there were 20.3 students per teacher - so more attention could be given to students during the 1991-92 school year. This is not due to the hiring of additional teachers, but is due to fewer students. During the 1O year period the number of teachers decreased from 135.5 to 122.7 a 9.4 percent decrease. During the same period the number of students decreased from 2,858 to 2,485 -a decrease of 13.1 percent. Overall, the number of students to School District employees increased from 10.2 during the 1981-82 school year to 11.0 during the 1992-92 school year. The major changes in the distribution of employment occurred between professional occupations and nonprofessional occupations. TABLE E-5 FIVE YEAR STUDENT ENROLLMENT PROJECTIONS 1,191 1,218 1,212 1,251 1,264 +6.1 Middle School {6-8) 572 605 628 636 646 +12.9 High School {9-12) 765 746 782 816 846 +10.6 2,528 2,569 2,622 2,703 2,756 +9.0 Elementary (K-5) Total SOURCE: St. Joseph Public Schools 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN E-10 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC AND QUASI-PUBLIC FACILITIES personnel, food service employees, operations/maintenance staff and transportation employees. It is apparent that the school system desires to keep the number of employees that are directly involved in teaching the student as high as possible, while cutting back on the number of employees that are not directly involved in the education of St. Joseph's youth. The number of students per professional School District staff decreased from 17.4 in 1981-82 to 16.5 in, 1991-92. The number of students per nonprofessional School District staff increased from 24.5 in 1981-82 to 32.9 in 1991-92, both in the number of employees and in the staff to student ratio has been in the noninstructional support staff. These employees include administrative TABLE E-6 LEVEL OF SERVICE FOR ST. JOSEPH SCHOOL DISTRICT ,',''\:}•:• . Classification Number Classroom Teachers Professional Nonprofessional 1991-92 1981-82 Ratio of Students·.••· to Staff Number . Ratio of .•.$tudents to Staff %Change 1981-82 to · 1991-92 135.5 134.0 1.5 21.1 122.7 121.2 1.5 20.3 -9.4 7.0 7.0 0.0 408.3 14.8 6.3 8.5 167.9 +111.4 Professional No.,professional Pupil Services Professional Nonprofessional 7.5 6.5 1.0 381.1 10.3 9.3 1.0 241 .3 -36.7 Instructional Support Staff Professional Nonprofessional 8.0 2.0 6.0 357.3 8.0 3.0 5.0 310.6 0.0 123.0 15.0 108.0 23.2 70.5 11 .0 59.5 35.2 -42.7 - -13.1 Added Needs Noninstructionai Support Staff Professional Nonprofessional Student Count 2,858 - 2,485 Professional Subtotal 164.5 17.4 150.8 16.5 -8.3 Nonprofessional Subtotal 116.5 24.5 75.5 32.9 -35.2 281 10.2 226.3 11.0 -19.5 Total SOURCE: St. Joseph School District; Gove Associates Inc. 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN E-11 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC AND QUASI-PUBLIC FACILITIFB St. Joseph Beauty College is also located in the Jefferson School building. The North Lincoln School property is being leased to the Berrien County Intermediate School District which uses the facility for special education programs. The Washington School was sold to KitchenAid. During the 1991-92 school year, there were 226.2 School District employees. This figure includes 127.5 professional teaching staff members and nine nonprofessional teaching staff members. Instructional support staff, i.e. counselors, account for 10.3 staff members and instructional staff services, i.e. library personnel, account for eight staff members. The administrative staff consists of 21 people, food service accounts for 12 people, operations and maintenance accounts for 26 employees and the transportation staff accounts for 8.5 members. The transportation of students to school and special events is accomplished by the 8.5 person transportation staff and the seven school buses the District maintains. The existing problems currently facing the District are related more to external relations with the State of Michigan than internal operations of the school system. It is not felt that any serious problems are currently facing the School District. Short-range goals are developed annually that relate to the operation of the School District and these short-range goals are often related to longer-range goals. The St. Joseph School District consists of five schools. These schools are listed in Table E-7. Since 1980 three schools have been closed in the St. Joseph School District: Jefferson, North Lincoln and Washington. Jefferson School is now being used for School District Administration personnel and alternative education programs. The TABLE E-7 ST. JOSEPH PUBLIC SCHOOL FACILITIES Grades Served K-5 K-5 K-5 6-8 9-12 1991-92 Student Count 353 405 402 551 n4 Year School Built 1958 1964 1948 1967 1957 Major Renovations 1963 1953 Major Facilities Student Capacity Acreage/Site Size 1959 Gym, Planetarium, Auditorium Gym, Auditorium, Pool 420 504 448 520 1,574 7 10 4.83 35 31.5 SOURCE: St. Joseph Public Schools 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN E-12 • �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC AND QUASI-PUBLIC FACILITIES Mercy Memorial Medical Center Mercy Memorial MedicaJ Center (MMMC) is part of the Lakeland Regional Health System which is also comprised of Mercy Center in Benton Harbor, Pawating Hospital in Niles, Mercy Memorial Nursing Care Center in St. Joseph and several specialized clinics throughout the area. MMMC was built in 1951 (at that time it was called Memorial Hospital) and expanded in 1969. In 1977 Memorial Hospital merged with Mercy Hospital in Benton Harbor to form the Southwestern Michigan Health Care Association. In 1985 Memorial Hospital was renamed the Mercy Memorial Medical Center. In 1990 consolidation of acute care to MMMC was completed. In 1988 MMMC opened a lab and X-Ray Center at 2500 Niles Road and in 1989 a speech and learning clinic in Berrien Springs. The following year MMMC opened Lakeside Lab, X-Ray and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Center and Pharmacy in the Cedarwood Medical Center. In 1991 MMMC acquired Shoreham Terrace Nursing Home and opened a pharmacy in Berrien Springs. A _partial listing of the center's extensive services, facilities and capabilities are: Heart Center - This program was initiated in 1972 and expanded in 1990. The facilities include: • • • • 0 Two cardiac catheterization labs Short- and long-term recovery EKG room Education/screening room CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN • Cardiac surgery facilities The center is capable of performing any type of cardiac surgery except transplants and pediatric cardiac surgery. Nuclear Center - This program, which uses radioactive isotopes to diagnose and treat diseases, was instituted in 1974 and expanded in 1990. The center maintains a testing laboratory, SPECT camera and a hot lab. The center is capable of diagnosing and treating a variety of disorders affecting the thyroid, bones, brain, liver, lungs and other areas of the body. Cancer Care Center - This program was also instituted in 1974 and expanded in 1990. The center maintains a linear accelerator and simulator, a 20 bed inpatient center and seven outpatient rooms. The Cancer Care Center's capabilities include radiation oncology therapy and chemotherapy. Surgery .-- The surgery facilities were expanded in 1985 and consist of five general surgery suites, three specialized surgery suites, an endoscopic procedures room, a cytosopic procedures room, pre- and post-surgery rooms and outpatient rooms. The center is capable of a variety of surgical procedures such as: • • • • • • Cardiac Surgery Vascular Surgery Neurosurgery Orthopedic Surgery Plastic Surgery Ophthalmologic Surgery E-13 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC AND QUASI-PUBLIC FACILITIES The team also has 24 hour anesthesia coverage, laser surgery and a respiratory therapy team for open heart surgery. Critical Care Unit - This unit was expanded in 1990 and consists of a 22 bed critical care unit with individual rooms. Each room is equipped with a variety of monitoring equipment. Capabilities of the unit include a combined medical/surgical critical care unit and a 2-1 patient/nurse ratio. Rehabilitation Center - This center was established in 1988 and expanded in 1989. The center includes a 10 bed inpatient rehabilitation unit, outpatient facilities, a sports medicine center and a speech therapy center. Capabilities include rehabilitation for victims of strokes, accidents and debilitating disease with physical, occupational and recreational therapy. The center can also treat a variety of disorders associated with speech, language, hearing and swallowing. Family Birthing Center - The center was expanded in 1985 and includes five labor-delivery-recovery rooms, a surgical suite and four nurseries. 1,894 employees - up nearly 20 percent from the 1990 count of 1,586. In 1992 there were 145 doctors affiliated with MMMC - up 45 percent from 100 doctors in 1988. Table E-8 shows some selected statistics for MMMC such as the number of admissions between 1989 and 1991. Current issues being faced by MMMC include the combining of health care services to provide a more regional approach to health care; the decreasing availability of qualified health care workers; and charitable care for uninsured users of the center's facilities. The goals of MMMC includes providing a comprehensive system of health care serving all stages of life and responding to the needs of the community. MMMC will seek new opportunities and initiate alliances to meet these goals. MMMC will also continue to promote more interaction between physicians and other health care providers. The center will advocate ·equal access to health care to improve the health status of area residents. MMMC recently purchased the Lakeview Radiology - In addition to facilities located at MMMC, two outpatient locations are available. School property and is devising a plan to develop the property. Other services include a pediatrics facility, a substance abuse treatment program, 24 hour emergency room services, a psychiatric unit and a variety of other services. In 1992 the 280 bed facility had 1,794 employees, plus an additional 100 at the MMMC Nursing Care Center for a total of 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN E-14 ] �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC AND QUASI-PUBLIC FACILITIES TABLE E-8 SELECTED STATISTICS !~!2l !•:• 1•!· )J j 9$Qf 1991}> 1 1 1 1 !l:! li:l !i 1 1 Admissions Angioplasty* Ambulatory Care* Births Cardiac Catheterization * Surgery X-Ray 11,100 10,419 -6.1 9,905 -4.9 177 294 66.1 514 74.8 11,628 13,341 14.7 17,002 27.4 1,203 1,357 12.8 1,174 -13.5 862 1,177 36.5 1,515 28.7 7,977 9,092 14.0 9,658 6.2 62,088 74,699 20.3 77,811 4.2 *Primarily outpatient SOURCE: Mercy Memorial Medical Center , , 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN E-15 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC AND QUASI-PUBLIC FACILITIES residents. Table E-9 lists churches that are in and around St. Joseph. Churches Churches are an important part of community life for many of St. Joseph's TABLE E-9 CHURCHES IN THE ST. JOSEPH AREA American Baptist church of St. Joseph 3265 S. Cleveland, St. Joseph, Michigan First Baptist Church 902 Broad, St. Joseph, Michigan First Landmark Missionary Baptist Church Chapel 3835 Washington, St. Joseph, Michigan Niles Avenue Baptist Church - SBC 1301 Niles Avenue, St. Joseph, Michigan Oakridge Baptist Church 766 Oakridge Drive, St. JosepO00h, Michigan North Lincoln Baptist Church 683 Maiden, St. Joseph, Michigan St. Joseph Catholic Church 211 Church St., St. Joseph, Michigan Niles Road Community Church 3800 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan Riverview Park Christian Church 2929 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan Christman Reformed Church of St. Joseph 3275 Washington St., St. Joseph, Michigan First Church of the Nazarene 3351 Niles Avenue, St. Joseph, Michigan First Congregational Church 2001 Niles Avenue, St. Joseph, Michigan Pilgrim Congregational United Church of Christ 1200 W. Glenlord Road, St. Joseph, Michigan St. Paul's Episcopal Church 914 Lane Drive, St. Joseph, Michigan Chapel An Evangelical Free Church 4250 Washington, St. Joseph, Michigan Grace Lutheran Church 404 E. Glenlord Road, St. Joseph, Michigan Saran Lutheran Church - ELCA 510 Main St., St. Joseph, Michigan Trinity Lutheran Church 715 Market, St. Joseph, Michigan Church of Christ 3550 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan St. Joseph Seventh-Day Adventist Church 2929 Niles Avenue, St. Joseph, Michigan Berrien Unitarian Universalist Fellowship 4340 Lincoln St., St. Joseph, Michigan St. Peter's United Church of Christ 623 Church St., St. Joseph, Michigan Zion Evangelical UCC Church 3001 Veronica, St. Joseph, Michigan Arden Limited Methodist Church 4841 N. US-31, St Joseph, Michigan First United Methodist Church 3003 Leco Court, St. Joseph, Michigan SOURCE: 1988-89 Benton Harbor-St. Joseph Ameritech PagesPlus 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN E-16 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC AND QUASI-PUBLIC FACILITIES Historic Sites There are currently nine historic sites in St. Joseph that are listed on the State's Register of Historic Sites. None of the sites are listed on the National Register of Historic Sites. Table E-1 0 lists the sites, the location and the date the site was put on the State's Register of Historic Sites and the date a marker was placed on the site. TABLE E-10 HISTORIC SITES IN ST. JOSEPH ·. ·...,tr::H1is Bi~J~~#efi.I:I: William Burnett Trading Post East of Miller Dr. and Langley Ave., on the western shore of the St. Joseph River State Register - 03-13-62 Marker - o1-17-65 Congregational Church of St. Joseph 601 Main Street State Register - 03-13-62 William S. Dunbar House 814 State Street State Register - 01-18-80 Edgewater Club Annex 375 North Ridgeway Street State Register - 07-20-84 Fort Miami Lake Boulevard and Ship Street State Register - 02-18-56 Marker - 04-26-56 Fort St. Joseph and St. Joseph Mission 200 Lake Boulevard State Register - 07-20-89 Herring's First Flight Silver Beach State Register - 05-10-68 Old St. Joseph Historic District State and Main Streets and Lake Boulevard State Register - 09-17-81 Markers (2) - 08-07-84 St. Joseph Public Library 500 Main Street, corner of Elm Street State Register - 06-18-82 SOURCE: Michigan Department of State Bureau of History The YWCA of Southwestern Michigan The YWCA, located at 508 Pleasant Street, has been located in the present building since 1925. An addition to the building was completed in 1958. Facilities at the center include a fitness center, swimming pool, gymnasium, Nautilus room and a day care center, 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN which currently serves 80 families. The YWCA offers many programs for area residents such as swimming lessons, gymnastics .ballet, Tae Kwon-Do, aerobics, aqua-aerobics, yoga, senior fitness classes and babysitting for users of the facilities. The center has a staff of 60 and currently has approximately 1,500 members. E-17 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC AND QUASI-PUBLIC FACILITIES KRASL Art Center The KRASL Art Center, located at 707 Lake Boulevard, is a nonprofit organization supported by memberships and donations. The Center is accredited by the American Association of Museums and is open seven days a week, free of charge. The Art Center is sponsored by the St. Joseph Art Association and was opened in 1980. The Center is operated by four full-time employees and two parttime employees. Additionally there are numerous volunteers that help make many of the Center's programs a success. The 3-level building, which is handicapped accessible, offers 2,200 square feet of exhibition space plus an additional 2,000 square feet of classroom space. The three galleries house numerous exhibitions that are changed monthly. In addition to the many exhibitions, the Center sponsors a number of classes for people of all ages. Other opportunities include day trips, travel abroad, an art shop, music programs and dinner lectures - as well as a variety of other opportunities. The KRASL Art Center has between 20,000 and 25,000 visitors annually. The Center also sponsors an art fair every July that attracts as many as 75,000 people from around the Midwest to the two day fair. The Benton Harbor-St. Joseph YMCA Family Center The YMCA, located at 3665 Hollywood Road was opened in 1981 replacing an older facility in Benton Harbor. In 1984 an addition was added to the YMCA that includes four racquetball courts and a mens' full service area. In 1987 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN additional parking and a multipurpose room was added. Recent membership trends indicate an increase in the number of users. Table E-11 shows membership trends, by sex, between 1988 and 1990. TABLE E-11 YMCA MEMBERSHIP TRENDS % ':) 988 1"989 1990 :::, Increase ' 88-90 Male 1,783 2,749 3,224 80.8 Female 1,402 2,228 2,557 82.4 Total 3,185 4,977 5,781 81 .5 SOURCE: Benton Harbor-St. Joseph YMCA These dramatic increases demonstrate the important role the YMCA plays in the St. Joseph area. The YMCA estimates that 49 percent of its members live in St. Joseph, the remaining members live in the surrounding communities. Since a large portion of the YMCA's income (55. 7% in 1990) are from membership dues, the total income has increased along with the memberships. In 1990 the YMCA's income was $906,380. Programs currently sponsored by the YMCA include the following: - Exercise and Aerobic Classes - Prenatal Exercise Classes - Strength Training Classes - CPR Training - Arthritis Classes - Aquatics for Various Ages -Youth Team Sports - Karate - Racquetball - Adult League Sports -Golf -Day Camp E-18 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC AND QUASI-PUBLIC FACILITIES - Nursery and Preschool Programs Halloween Party Leadership Training • Plus many others The YMCA is aware of the importance of planning for the future. More information relating to the YMCA can be found in the report titled "YMCA Moving Ahead: A Working Paper Developed for Use at the Long-Range Planning Meeting, June 20, 1991". Maud Preston Palenske Memorial Library The City of St. Joseph, as well as the Charter Township of St. Joseph is served by the Maud Preston Palenske Memorial Library. The Library, built in 1966 with an addition added in 1981, has approximately 25,000 square feet. In December 1991 the Library had 72,475 volumes. Additionally, the library houses many periodicals, records, audio and video cassettes, toys, cameras, microfiche and other media forms. The Library offers a TDD (Telecommunication Device for the Deaf) to allow people with a hearing impairment to communicate using the telephone system. Enlarging equipment and a magnifier are available for the visually impaired. A variety of programs are offered for residents of all ages including story hours, cooking contests, crafts, puppet shows and a pet show in the summer for area children. Programs designed for adults include photography shows, art exhibits, ,. -genealogy, a book club, investment counseling and various club meetings. The Maud Preston Palenske Memorial Library is a member of the Southwest Michigan Library Consortium and the Michigan Library Association. The 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Library has 12 employees - several of which are considered part-time. The circulation in 1990-1991 was 185,251. At the time of this report the Library's Board is conducting a needs analysis. Preliminary data indicates the Library is in need of additional seating space, periodicals and audio books. Water Lake Michigan offers an unlimited source of fresh water for the people and businesses of St. Joseph. Water is drawn from the Lake via an intake riser 1,500 feet from shore from a depth of 14.5 feet. The water is considered to be moderately soft but is influenced by weather conditions, discharge from the St. Joseph River and the shifting topography of the Lake bottom. The City of St. Joseph's water system provides water for 9,214 residents. In addition, the system provides water for over 82 percent of St. Joseph Township's 9,613 residents, nearly 86 percent of Lincoln Township's 13,604 residents, all of Stevensville's 1,230 residents, 100 percent of Shoreham's 737 residents and 74 of Royalton Township's residents. 1 Applying the 1980 percentages, and 1990 Census figures, a total of 30,837 residents are served by the water system. The water treatment plant, originally built in 1931, has had numerous improvements. In 1975-76 the plant's capacity was expanded to 16 million gallons per day. In 1972 a booster pump station was constructed at Marquette Woods Road in Lincoln Township and in 1 1990 Census of Population, City of St. Joseph E-19 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC AND QUASI-PUBLIC FACIL~ FIGURE E-1 1967 a 750,000 gallon elevated tank was constructed. AVERAGE DAILY WATER PRODUCTION Figure E-1 shows the daily amount of water produced by the plant based on yearly averages. The 6.068 million gallons per day produced in 1988 was 27.7 percent higher than the 1980 average of 4.753 million gallons per day. On June 13, 1988, the plant produced 15.39 million gallons of water to meet high demands brought on by the drought. This figure (15.39 million gallons per day) represents 96.2 percent of the plant's designed capacity. The average per capita production in 1988 was 192 gallons per day. The St. Joseph Water system has a total storage capacity of 5.12 million gallons. Over half (2.87 million gallons) of the storage capacity is located at the treatment plant. The remaining storage areas are the elevated storage (0.75 million gallons) and ground storage (1.5 million gallons) tanks. Emergency water supplies are available via interconnections between the City of Benton Harbor and St. Joseph. Wastewater Treatment In May of 1991 the "Benton Harbor/St. Joseph Area-Wide Sewer/Water Study" was completed for the Community Economic Development Corporation. The report details existing capacities of the water and sewage treatment facilities. Wastewater treatment is provided by the joint wastewater treatment plant owned and operated by the City of St. Joseph and the City of Benton Harbor. An eight member Board with three representatives from St. Joseph operates metering stations to determine the wastewater flows from each municipality using the 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN AVERAGE DAILY PRODUCTION (MIWONS OF GALLONS) 7-r-------------• 4+-----------~• 3+-----------~• 2~------------11 0 ..,__-r--.---r----.----,---.-........--.---...,......J ~ ~ # ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ YEAR SOURCE: City of St. Joseph facilities. These flows are used to determine the distribution of costs for operating the treatment plant between the users of the system. The treatment plant is located on Marina Island, within the City of St. Joseph. St. Joseph has a gravity sewer which was built in the early 1950s in conjunction with the treatment plant and Benton Harbor's gravity sewer system. In addition to these two gravity systems, a 20 inch force main was constructed in 1976. A modified activated sludge process for secondary treatment is used to treat the area's wastewater. Anaerobic digestion is used to stabilize the sludge and vacuum filtration is used for sludge dewatering. Phosphorus removal is performed by chemical precipitation. The plant was designed to provide 90 percent removal of suspended solids and biological oxygen demand (BOD), and 90 E-20 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC AND QUASI-PUBLIC FACILITIES percent removal of phosphorus. The plant is designed to process an average wastewater flow of 13~0 million gallons per day (mgd) with a maximum daily wastewater flow of 19.5 mgd. The peak hydraulic capacity of the plant is 24.0 mgd. The plant design is also based on a raw wastewater suspended solids load of 28,200 lb/day and biological oxygen demand (BOD) of 37,950 lb/day. 2 The treatment plant is well maintained and consistently provides quality treatment at an affordable cost. The plant currently has the capacity to meet the area's wastewater needs. Projections -indicate that in 2010 the plant will be able to adequately handle the average daily wastewater flow, but peak day flow will exceed the plant's current capacity. Improvements to the plant that will allow it to meet peak day flows is estimated to cost $1.5 million (CEDC). While the combined treatment plant is shared by Benton Harbor, Benton Charter Township, St. Joseph Charter Township, the City of St. Joseph, Lincoln Charter Township and Royalton Township, each area is responsible for maintaining their own sewers. St. Joseph's sewer system still contains some combined sewers (sanitary and storm sewers). The City is in the process of addressing this problem as well as problems relating to the age of the system and infiltration of the system. The 1991 report also concludes that detailed inspections of major trunk lines should be undertaken to determine specific capacities and to locate any structural problems. provided through an integrated power network. Over 65 percent of the electricity generated by Indiana Michigan Power is generated in coal burning plants. Nearly 35 percent is generated by Cook Nuclear Plant in Bridgman, Michigan, and less than one percent is hydro power. Indiana Michigan Power generates 6, 159 Megawatts of electrical energy. Residential rates are 4.66 cents per kilowatt hour for under 500 hours. The rate increases to 5.16 cents per kilowatt hour for over 500 hours. There is also a monthly service charge of $7.05 per customer. The national average for electrical energy is 7.87 cents per kilowatt hour. Indiana Michigan Power provides energy for Berrien, Cass, Van Buren and St. Joseph counties in Michigan, with limited services provided to Kalamazoo County and Allegan County. Indiana Michigan Power has 424,077 residential customers, 46,623 commercial customers, 4,497 industrial customers and 2,079 other customers for a total of 477,276 customers. The company serves an area that covers 7,307 square miles of land in Indiana and Michigan and has 20,882 miles of electrical line. Electricity Indiana Michigan Power provides electricity to the residents and _businesses of St. Joseph. Power is 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN 2 Community Economic Corporation Development E-21 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC AND QUASI-PUBLIC FACILITIF.S Natural Gas Michigan Gas Utilities Company, which is owned by Utilicorp United, is the fourth largest provider of natural gas in Michigan. Toe company serves 165,000 customers throughout Michigan. The company's Western Michigan Division provides natural gas for many of west Michigan's communities - including St. Joseph and Benton Harbor. Residential rates are $3.87 per 1,000 cubic feet. Commercial rates are $3.92 per 1,000 cubic feet. Of the four largest natural gas companies in Michigan, Michigan Gas Utilities Company has the lowest rates. Public Transportation Toe Twin Cities Area Transit Authority provides Dial-A-Ride services to the residents of Benton Harbor, Benton Township and the majority of St. Joseph. Regular rates for services in St. Joseph are $2.00. For residents over 62 or medicare card holders, the fee is $1.00 children's rates are $1.20. These fees account for 21 percent of the Authority's operating budget. The remaining costs are covered by the Federal Government (30%), the State of Michigan (40%) and the City of Benton Harbor (9%). The Authority has a total of 35 employees 24 of which are full-time and 14 of which are drivers. The Twin Cities Area Transit Authority, located at 275 East Wall in Benton Harbor, serves an average of 635 passengers per day. Existing needs include more busses and more drivers a lack of additional funding limits the number to the existing levels. Future goals include longer operating hours and expanded service areas. 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN National Functional Classification System As residents of a community, people know from experience which roads are local and which roads are used to travel to adjacent or distant communities. The same idea has been used by the U.S. Department of Transportation to classify street systems. There are essentially three types of street classifications - with variations for each classification. Arterial streets are designed to maximize mobility through limiting access and maximizing speed. Local streets are designed to maximize access by limiting speed and maximizing access. Collector streets are meant to act as a "bridge" between the two other types of streets. Map E-1 shows the National Functional Classification System for St. Joseph. The major arterials are I-94/US-33, Niles Avenue, Lake Shore Drive, Napier Avenue, Wayne Street and portions of Port and Ship streets. The minor arterial streets include Hilltop Road, Cleveland Avenue, Lake View Avenue, Lake Boulevard, Langley Avenue, Broad Street and Ship Street. Collector streets include Hawthorne Avenue, Wallace Avenue, • Kingsley Avenue, Wolcott Avenue, Lake Street, Vine Street and Upton Drive. The remaining streets are all classified as local streets. Average Daily Traffic Trends Even though St. Joseph's population has been decreasing most of the traffic count stations operated by the Michigan Department of Transportation (MOOT) have shown an increase in traffic between 1980 and 1990. The location of the stations and the average daily traffic counts for 1980, 1985 and 1990 are E-22 �~ I._/~,/<. I'( ~& C ~0 LEGEND I NON-FREEWAY PRINCIPAL ARTERIAL--CONNECTING LINKS OF RURAL MINOR ARTERIALS 3 f■ ■ ■ i NON-FREEWAY PRINCIPAL ARTERIAL--NONCONNECTING LINK I E - ~ <f 8 ~ MINOR ARTERIAL STREETS I I I I I CO~LECTOR STREETS ~ s LOCAL STREETS I II "'""'"'"~~ -•w liAvt: I a • __ J • I L . .i V/\r-i · :::::,111 I ~:=L - ~ 1 I I SAINT MAPE1 SCAL£ ~ o· 500· 1ooo· 1500· • 2500' GOVE ASSOCIATES INC. i 1.,.1 JOSEPH, MICHIGAN NATIONAL FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM I �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC AND QUASI-PUBLIC FACILITIES shown on Map E-2. Although most of the stations increased over the 1O year period, several stations decreased. Station A, located on 1-94 /US-33 between the northern and southern portions of St. Joseph, decreased by 17.7 percent during the 10-year period. The most dramatic decrease occurred at Station B, which is located on Wayne Street between St. Joseph and Benton Harbor. The station decreased by 30 percent during the 10-year period from 18,000 in 1980 to 12,600 in 1990. Station 0, located on the south side of the City, decreased by 10.2 percent during the period. Other stations that decreased include Stations C, D and J. Station M, located on Niles Avenue north of the City boundary, increased by 32.5 percent between 1980 and 1990. This increase, from 20,000 to 26,500 was the most dramatic. Station K on Cleveland Avenue increased from 12,000 to 15,600 - an increase of 22.5 percent. Station L on Lakeshore Drive increased from 12,000 to 14,800 - an 18.4 percent increase. Station H on Main Street increased by 16.4 percent. Other stations that increased include Stations E, F, G, I and N. In 1990 the station with the highest count was Station M on Niles Avenue, which had a count of 26,500. Stations E and F both had 1990 counts of 24,400. In 1980 Station E had the highest traffic count with a count of 23,000. 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN E-24 �~ I_/~ ~& ,/I.. ''( C ~(.J LEGEND STATION A 8 C D E F G H I J K L M N 0 1980 13,000 18,000 9,000 8,800 23,000 22,000 11,000 12,800 12,500 16,000 12,000 12,500 20,000 1'1,000 13,700 1985 1990 14,200 10,700 14,900 12,600 7,500 8,700 8,500 8,700 22,800 24,400 24,300 24,400 13,000 11,800 13,500 14,900 13,100 13,900 16,800 15,800 13,000 15,600 11,300 14,800 22,800 26,500 12,800 11,300 13,100 12,300 <' i1 I 8 ~ ~4M J✓, ~/2/~r ~ ~f% v~~ ~~a ds~t!?l 88 ~~ oO~ ~□ AACJL -,□o2:TE~:f .:":;·~ ~ ✓ ~~"-UooB~~ ~Q rj.ui: ;in~e; Jc! t;"A\£ 11 ~,,MOHA\11(]~\£ A~ 1 -' ~ ~ _.J )~6~ ~11-s9aD[J~~c 1~ ~~ 3I~ ~□~GOV ~I 1(ilrl 7...~II-- ilNl!/ All[ ~II ~~·~□n'l£Sll:R Al/En~~C n "• g)LONI - loR 3 I 2 WV [ nnw,n~n~ , . . ifN II.""'- I ■ :JIii ■~ ~~ c:::> • __ J •IL . .i••~,--------r,--~MA~P~E-~2---~1 SAINT JOSEPH, ~- SCAL£ ~-,. o· ~ I I soo· I 1000· 1500· MICHIGAN 2500· GOVE ASSOCIATES INC. AVERAGE DAILY I TRAFFIC TRENDS I �PUBLIC PARTIC/PA TION �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC PARTICIPATION Introduction In order to create a pJan that reflects the desires of the area's residents, it is necessary to determine how people feel about a variety of topics. This has been done by distributing a community-wide questionnaire, interviewing members of the Planning Commission and City Commission, other interested people, and through an initial public meeting and the monthly Planning Commission meeting. Additionally a public hearing was held at the end of the planning process. This Section of the Plan contains the St. Joseph questionnaire results and the key person survey results. St. Joseph Questionnaire Results During June and July of 1992 a planning survey questionnaire was developed, distributed, collected, tabulated and analyzed by Gove Associates, City Staff and the Planning Commission. The questionnaire was mailed with the tax bills for homeowners and businesses and distributed by hand to the City's major multi-family units. In order to have a statistically valid survey, 300 responses were required, but 750 questionnaires were returned to the City - a very good return rate for a survey, 18.75 percent. The tabulated results of the survey questionnaires are included at the back of this section. The results of the survey, on a question by question basis, follows: Tabulated Survey Results Question #1: Are you an adult City resident or a non-resident property owner? 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN the 740 responses to this question, 672 (90.8%) were City residents and 68 (9.2%) were nonresident property owners. It is apparent that this survey will represent residents opinions to a greater degree than non-resident property owners, i.e. business owners and landlords. This is to be expected since there are more residents than businesses. Of Question #2: To what age group do you belong? Of the 743 responses to this question, 7 (0.9%) were between 19 and 24; 70 (9.4%) were between 25 and 34; 126 (17.0%) were between 35 and 44; 142 (19.1%) were between 45 and 54; 142 (19.1%) were between 55 and 64; and 256 (34.5%) were 65 and over. The median age of the respondents is 56. 7 years of age. This is higher than the City's median age of 37.2 years of age, however, when those residents under age 19 are removed, the City's median age rises to 42.9 years - which is still considerably lower than the median age of the questionnaire respondents. Factors contributing to this include: 1) many of the City's residents are retired and tend to have more time to complete a survey; 2) many older residents have more at stake and have lived in St. Joseph longer than many younger residents; and 3) many of the City's younger residents live with parents that would have completed the survey. Considering these points, we believe the survey results to be valid but skewed to older residents' opinions. F-1 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC PARTICIPATION Question #3: If a City resident, do you own your home? Of the 669 responses to this question, 608 (90.9%) were homeowners and 61 (9.1%) did not own their home. The 1990 Census lists 2,396 (57.0%) of the City's 4,200 occupied units as being owner-occupied - which indicates that a higher proportion of homeowners are represented in this survey. The reasons for this imbalance are similar to the age difference, 1) homeowners tend to have more at stake than renters; 2) homeowners tend to have lived in an area longer than non-homeowners; and 3) homeowners tend to be older and have more time to devote to community betterment. This anomaly does not invalidate the survey, however, it only means that the opinions tend to be weighted towards the homeowner's perspective of the City. Question #4: Please indicate which category your total family income fell into last year. Of the 699 responses to this question, 92 (13.2%) had incomes below $14,999; 58 (8.3%) had incomes between $15,000 and $19,999; 49 (7.0%) had incomes between $20,000 and $24,999; 49 (7.0%) had incomes between $25,000 and $29,999; 49 (7.0%) had incomes between $30,000 and $34,999; 52 (7.4%) had incomes between $35,000 and $39,999; 81 (11.6%) had incomes between $40,000 and $49,999; 122 (17.5%) had incomes between $50,000 and 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN $74,999; and 147 (21.0%) had incomes greater than $75,000. The median family income of the respondents was $40,000. In 1989 the median family income of St. Joseph was $38,504 - which correlates very well to the survey results. Question #5: Which of the following residential types should be encourage as future development? #5(1) - Single -Family Residences Of the 750 responses, 575 (76.6%) were in favor of the additional development of single-family dwellings. #5(2) - Multi-Family (Apartments) Of the 750 responses, 114 (15.2%) were in favor of the additional development of multi-family housing (apartments). #5(3) - Duplex (Two-Family) - Of the 750 responses, 133 (17.7%) were in favor of the additional development of duplexes. #5(4) - Condominiums, - Of the 750 responses, 175 (23.3%) were in favor of the additional development of condominiums. #5(5) - Senior Congregate Housing Of the 750 responses, 265 (35.3%) were in favor of the additional development of senior congregate housing. #5(6) - Modular Homes - Of the 750 responses, 44 (5.9%) were in favor of the development of modular housing. F-2 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC PARTICIPATION The only category where over 50 percent of the respondents feel that further housing development should occur is in the additional development of singlefamily housing. However, a higher than expected number supported congregate housing. Question #6 - Where do you shop and the frequency? #6(a) - Downtown St. Joseph - Of the 700 responses, 638 (91.1%) shop in downtown St. Joseph. Of the 616 respondents that stated how often they shopped in the downtown area, 323 (41.7%) shopped four or more times per month. #6(b) - Other areas in St. Joseph Of the 671 responses, 638 (95.1 %) shop in other areas of St. Joseph. Of the 579 respondents that stated how often they shopped in other areas of St. Joseph, 423 (73.1%) shopped four or more times per month. #6(c) - Niles Area - Of the 457 responses, 38 (8.3%) shop in the Niles area. Of the 446 respondents that stated how often they shopped in Niles, 19 shopped four or more times per month. #6(d) - Benton Township - Of the 614 responses, 504 (82.1%) shop in Benton Township. Of the 543 respondents that stated how often they shopped in Benton Township, 201 (37.0%) shopped four or more times per month. #6{e) - South Bend Area - Of the 567 responses, 357 (63.0%) shop in 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN the South Bend area. Of the 512 respondents that stated how often they shopped in the South Bend area, 30 (5.9%) shopped four or more times per month. #6{f) - Kalamazoo/Grand Rapids Of the 516 responses, 241 (46.7%) shop in Kalamazoo/Grand Rapids. Of the 487 respondents that stated how often they shopped in the Kalamazoo/Grand Rapids area, 15 (3.1%) shopped four or more times per month. #6(9) - South Haven - Of the 456 responses, 68 (14.9%) shop in South Haven. Of the 441 respondents that stated how often they shopped in South Haven, 6 (1.4%) shopped four or more times per month. Question #7 - Are there specific commercial businesses or professional services which you feel are needed in St. Joseph? A list of the responses, in descending order of responses received, are listed below: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. # of Responses Department Store 19 Grocery 14 Discount Store 11 Recycling 11 Clothing 11 Additional/Improved 9 Medical Services Mass Transportation 9 Tourism Related Activities 7 Sporting Goods 7 Hardware/Lumber 6 Womens Clothes 5 Shoes 4 Restaurant on Beach 4 General Retail 4 F-3 �- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PUBLIC PARTICIPATION # of Responses General Restaurant 4 Mens Clothing 4 Additional Parking 4 Civic Center with conference 4 and banquet facilities 19. Mall/Outlet Mall 3 20. Fabric Store 3 21. Childrens Clothes 3 15. 16. 17. 18. Two responses were received from the following: Taxi Service, Day Care, Olive Garden Restaurant, Zoo, Stores should be open later, Art Gallery, Computer Store, Recreational Boating, Water Park and Golf Course. One response was received from the following: Business Services, Seafood Restaurant, Harley Davidson Shop, Candy Store, Steak & Ale, Chi Chi's, Show Biz Pizza, Bakery, Female Physicians, Information Kiosk, Coffee Shop, Auto Parts Store, Antiques, Existing businesses should improve level of services, upgrade Mall, Dry Cleaning, Ethnic Restaurant, Food Co-op, Public Pool, Music Store, Boat Rental, Restaurant with live music, Convenience Store, Sidewalk Cates, Ice Skate sales/rental, Hobby Shop, Buick Dealer, back door access to shops, Dance Hall and Ice Cream and Sandwiches. Question #8 - How do you feel the older manufacturing areas should be redeveloped in the future? #8(1) - Residential - Of the 750 responses, 193 (25.8%) feel that the 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN areas should be used for residential purposes. #8(2) - Commercial - Of the 750 responses, 289 (38.5%) feel that the areas should be used for commercial businesses. #8(3) - Public - Of the 750 responses, 121 (16.1%) feel that the areas should be used for public uses. #8(4) - Business/Industry - Of the 750 responses, 426 (56.8%) feel that the areas should be used for business and industry. #8(5) - Recreation/Open Space - Of the 750 responses, 299 (39.9%) feel that the areas should be used for recreation and open space. Of the five types of land uses, Business and Industry was chosen by more residents as the favored way to redevelop older manufacturing areas. Question #9 - Is there a particular type of recreational activity which you would like to see developed in St. Joseph? Of the 293 tabulated responses to this question (others are included in the comments section}, 73 of the responses (24.9%) favored further development of beach/water related activities; 49 (16.7%) feel the City needs to improve walking and biking trails; and 44 (15.0%) feel that additional recreational opportunities are needed for young people. Of the 293 responses, 18 (6.1%) felt that additional indoor activities are F-4 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC PARTICIPATION needed; 17 (5.8%) would like to see ice skating developed further; 15 (5.1 %) would like to see passive parks developetf further; 11 (3.8%) would like to see more playgrounds developed; 5 (1. 7%) would like to see more team sports; and one respondent feels more softball facilities are needed. Other responses can be seen in the comments section. Question #1 O and #11 - See Planning Questionnaire for the results. The 1O categories under "current condition/situation" which received the most responses in the "good" rating (highest rating) are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Fire Protection Facilities Police Facilities Churches Library Facilities School Facilities Livability of City Snow Removal Overall Appearance Sidewalk Access Downtown District (591) (574) (562) (561) (547) (536) (529) (515) (506) (480) The 1O categories under "current condition/situation" which received the most responses in the "fair" rating (lowest rating) are: 1. 2. 3. 4. &. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Ausco Property Redevelopment Bicycle Path Development Tax Base Tourism Waterfront Areas Recreational Facilities Traffic Flow YWCA Family Orientation Downtown District (468) (373) (215) (123) (109) (101) (95) (79) (55) (49) The 1O categories under "future attention" which received the most responses in the "high" rating (high level of attention should be devoted) are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Ausco Property Redevelopment Livability of City Waterfront Areas Overall Appearance Tax Base School Facilities Recreation Facilities Housing Conditions Downtown District Tourism (452) (360) (358) (328) (306) (301) (300) (298) (295) (295) The 1Ocategories under "future attention" which received the most responses in the "low" rating (low level of attention should be devoted) are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Churches Marinas Bicycle Path Development Library Facilities Sidewalk Access Mercy Memorial Med. Center YWCA Neighborhood Parks Snow Removal Police Facilities (156) (144) (116) (108) (106) (99) (97) (77) (76) (68) It should be noted that while these categories have been chosen for not needing much . attention, all but one category (churches) have more responses in the "high" rating than in the "low" rating. Comments from Survey In addition to the preceding survey results, that can be numerically tabulated and compared, the survey comments are a compilation of residents feelings. Comments tend to be more critical of the City, since they are points that the 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN F-5 --------- �- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PUBLIC PARTICIPATION respondents feel need to be improved upon. Fewer comments are received that state a particular service or other item is not in need of improvements. 12. Due to the quantity of comments received they have been placed into 33 groups. For a complete listing of the comments, contact the City's Inspection Department. 14. The comments, listed in descending order of responses are as follows: # of Responses 1. 2. 3. Dissatisfaction with City Services, Employees, School System, City Commissioners and Boards 47 16. Problems with rental properties 11 17. Improve downtown parking 11 18. Improve shopping 10 19. Do not increase tourism - pay more attention to year-round residents 10 20. Move City Hall 10 21. Limit waterfront development 10 24. Increase citizen input 9 35 25. Keep City Hall downtown 8 26. Improve public relations 7 27. Regulate pet owners 7 28. Infrastructure improvements 7 29. Improve vacant industrial sites 6 30. Regulate billboards and political signs 5 31. Attract younger people 4 32. Regulate ski jets and boats 4 33. Increase/institute non-resident fees 3 29 Improve sidewalks and paths for pedestrians and bicycles 25 23 Improve marina (5) and beaches (11) 16 Approve of bluff improvements and activities 15 Dissatisfaction with waterfront development 12 41 Improve recreation and related activities 11 . Comments concerning questionnaire 15. 9 6. 10. 12 Traffic problems Like living in St. Joseph -9. Satisfied with City services, Employees, School System, City Commissioners and Boards 23. 5. Maintain and improve residential areas 13 9 Need more business, industry jobs and tourism (9) 8. Dissatisfaction with Mercy Memorial Medical Center 13. 22. · Develop additional parking 44 7. 14 78 Dissatisfaction with development and activities on Bluff 4. 0 Taxes and cost of housing too much Dissatisfaction with zoning and various City ordinances 14 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN F-6 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC PARTICIPATION see what choices are preferred by particular groups in St. Joseph, i.e. homeowners, seniors, etc. Cross-Tabulations This section shows. the responses of certain questions with those of others - to Cross-Tabulation #1 - Age and Income (Questions #2 and #4) age group, which earns a median family income of $61,665 - considerably higher than the overall median family income of $38,504. The only age group (with adequate responses to determine a median income) that was below the overall median income was the 65 and over group. Residents 65 and over had a median family income of $21,600. When age and income are crosstabulated it becomes apparent that certain age groups earn more money than other groups. When the median income of residents is compared by age it can be seen that income rises as age increases and then decreased as residents reach retirement age. The highest income age group is the 45-54 Income Below $14,999 19-24 2 25-34 Age 45-54 35-44 55-64 65+ 73 9 11 1 3 2 1 6 3 3 $20,000-$24,999 0 1 8 10 $25,000-$29,999 0 7 3 4 36 25 7 12 18 $30,000-$34,999 2 9 10 7 $35,000-$39,999 $40,000-$49,999 2 8 13 14 $15,000-$19,999 $50,000-$74,999 8 9 13 20 0 6 11 25 14 15 39 33 54 41 25 5 NA $61,667 $42,500 $43,461 $56,089 Median Family Income for St. Joseph - $38,504; 1990 U.S. Census 0 0 $75,000+ Median 13 18 15 22 $21,600 Cross-Tabulation #2 - Age and Home Ownership (Questions #2 and #3) Age also influences home ownership. As people grow older, home ownership percentages climb, to peak at 98.3 percent for residents between the ages of 55 and 64 years of age. The percentage drops to 86.9 percent for residents 65 and over. Age Homeowner Non-Homeowner % Homeowners 0 19-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 1 55 106 111 117 3 8 25.0 87.3 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN 10 91.4 5 2 95.7 98.3 65+ 212 32 86.9 F-7 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC PARTICIPATION Cross-Tabulation #3 - Age and Residential Development (Questions #2 and #5) This series of cross-tabulations shows how residents in different age groups responded to question #5 - which is actually six separate questions (plus comments) dealing with how people feel about the development of different residential types in St. Joseph. This is important in order to understand if the results vary between age groups especially since the survey was answered by a large proportion of residents age 65 and over. 76. 7 percent of the respondents feel that more single-family homes should be developed. For residents 65 and over, 62.5 percent feel that single-family homes should be developed. This figure is higher for residents under the age of 65 (84.2%). The 25-34 age group has the highest percentage of positive responses with an 87.1 percent approval rate. The second most popular form of future residential development is senior congregate housing. While the overall figure is influenced by residents age 65 and over, it is also the second most chosen form of residential development for residents under the age of 65. Overall, 35 percent of the respondents favor the development of senior housing. The cross-tabulation shows that the type of residential development desired by different age groups varies - slightly in some categories and to a greater extent in others. The most favored form of future residential development is singlefamily housing. For the total population, Age Residential Development Categories 19-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 In favor of single-family residential Not in favor of single-family residential % in favor of single-family 2 5 28.6 61 9 87.1 108 18 85.7 118 24 83.1 121 21 85.2 160 62.5 410 570 173 77 84.2 76.7 In favor of multi-family residential Not in favor of multi-family residential % in favor of multi-family 2 5 28.6 13 57 18.6 16 109 12.8 15 127 10.6 27 115 19.0 38 218 14.8 73 111 413 631 15.0 15.0 0 7 0.0 9 61 12.9 11 114 8.8 30 112 21.1 27 115 19.0 53 203 20.7 77 130 612 409 15.8 17.5 2 5 28.6 18 52 25.7 27 98 21.6 54 88 35 221 13.7 140 346 28.8 175 567 38.0 39 103 27.5 0 7 0.0 18 52 25.7 23 102 18.4 59 83 41.5 55 87 38.7 105 151 41.0 155 331 31.9 260 482 35.0 5 65 9 116 7.2 6 136 4.2 7 135 4.9 13 243 5.0 28 458 5.8 41 701 5.5 In favor of duplexes Not in favor of duplexes % in favor of duplexes In favor of condominiums Not in favor of condominiums % in favor of condominiums In favor of senior congregate housing Not in favor of senior congregate housing % in favor of senior congregate housing In favor of modular homes Not in favor of modular homes % in favor of modular homes 0 1 6 14.3 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN 7.1 65+ 96 Under 65 !Total 23.6 F-8 JI �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC PARTICIPATION For residents 65 and over, 41 percent are in favor of developing additional senior housing - for residents under the age of 65 the figure is 31 .9 percent. The 45-54 age group has the highest percentage of favorable responses (41.5%). The third most chosen response is for the development of condominiums. Nearly 24 percent of the survey's respondents favor this type of development. Age does seem to influence peoples' opinions when it comes to the development of condominiums. For residents under 65, 28.8 percent favor their development - for residents 65 years of age and over the figure is 13. 7 percent. Although duplexes are similar to singlefamily housing (the most popular response), only 17.5 percent of the survey's respondents feel that more duplexes should be developed in St. Joseph. People 65 years of age and over are more in favor of their development than people under the age of 65. development of modular housing, with 5.0 percent 65 years of age and older and 5.8 percent under 65 years of age favoring modular housing. Again, the cross-tabulations show that age does influence peoples' responses to a certain extent - but the residents of St. Joseph tend to favor the same types of residential development regardless of age. ''Traditional" types of housing - singlefamily housing - is the overall favorite in St. Joseph. Modular housing (which can be manufactured to be virtually undetectable from traditional single-family housing) is the least favored form of residential development. Senior housing is a popular form of housing development - and was chosen by a variety of age groups. Condominiums, duplexes and multiple-family housing are all forms of housing that some residents feel are needed in St. Joseph - but not the majority. The development of multiple-family housing is the fifth most favored form of residential development. Age does not seem to influence the responses. Overall, 15.0 percent of the respondents favor the development of multiple-family housing with 15 percent under 65 years of age and 14.8 percent 65 years of age and over favoring this development. The least favored form of residential development in St. Joseph is modular housing. Again, age does not seem to influence the results. Overall 5.5 percent of the respondents favor the 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN F-9 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC PARTICIPATION Cross-Tabulation #4 - Age and Development of Manufacturing Sites (Questions #2 and #8) This series of cross-tabulations shows how residents in different age groups responded to question #8 - which is actually five separate questions dealing with how people feel older industrial sites should be developed. This is an important tabulation since a disproportionate larger number of residents 65 years of age and over returned the survey. Of those residents under 65 years of age, 55.3 percent are in favor of redeveloping industry. Of those residents 65 and over, 59.8 percent are in favor of redeveloping industry. Favorable responses for this category are lower in the younger age groups and increase steadily - reaching a peak of 69 percent approval at the 55-64 age group - before decreasing for the 65 and over group. The cross-tabulation shows the type of development that the different age groups desire in older manufacturing sites varies slightly in some categories, and to a greater degree in other categories. The most favored use for redeveloping older industrial sites is business/industry. Nearly 57 percent of the respondents feel that business and industry should be redeveloped on the older sites. The second most favored type of development that residents chose for the older industrial sites is recreation/open space. Over 40 percent of the respondents feel that the sites should be redeveloped to serve the recreational needs of the area. The differences based on the responses of each age group are more pronounced for this category. Age Development Categories In favor of residential Not in favor of residential % In favor of resident In favor of commercial Not in favor of commercial % In favor of commercial In favor of public uses Not in favor of public uses % In favor of public uses In favor of manufacturing Not in favor of manufacturing % in favor of manufacturing In favor of recreation/open space Not in favor of recreation/open space % in favor of recreation/open space 0 19-24 25-34 35-44 2 5 24 46 42 84 34.3 33.3 24.1 19.1 29 41 57 69 59 82 55 87 41.4 45.2 41.8 38.7 28.6 2 5 28.6 2 5 28.6 2 5 28.6 1 6 14.3 25 45 22 104 45-54 55-64 65+ Under 65 34 107 27 114 63 193 129 356 31 110 21 121 35.7 17.5 22.0 14.8 33 37 73 68 98 44 47.1 63 63 50.0 51.8 69.0 41 29 66 60 64 77 57 85 58.6 52.4 45.4 40.1 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN 24.6 84 172 32.8 20 238 7.8 153 103 59.8 69 187 27.0 26.6 202 284 41.6 101 382 20.9 269 217 55.3 229 257 47.1 F-10 Total 192 549 25.9 286 456 38.5 121 618 16.4 422 320 56.9 298 444 40.2 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC PARTICIPATION Over 47 percent of residents under 65 years of age favor changing older industrial sites to recreational open space. Only 27 percent of residents over the age of 65 favor using the land for recreation. The 25-34 age group had the largest percentage of respondents favoring the development of recreational areas. Redeveloping the areas for commercial uses was the third most chosen option with 38.5 percent of the respondents favoring commercial development. Of the residents 65 and over, 32.8 percent of the respondents favor the redevelopment of the sites into commercial uses. For residents under 65 years of age, the favorable response equal 41.6 percent of the responses. The age group with the highest percentage of favorable responses is the 35-44 age group. 65 year of age, 20.9 percent favor developing the older industrial sites for public uses. While the cross-tabulations show that different age groups favor different types of development to different degrees - it shows that they essentially agree that business/industry should remain, or be redeveloped, in the older manufacturing sites. Redeveloping the City's older industrial sites for residential purposes is the second least chosen category - this api:-Jies for residents 65 and over as well as residents under 65 years of age. For residents 65 of age and over, 24.6 percent of the responses are in favor of developing the areas for residential uses - this figure is 26.6 percent for residents under 65 years of age. The age group which chose this response the most was the 25-34 age group - which is the age when families generally are in the market for their first home. The least favored category - for both the under 65 age group and the 65 and over age group - is public uses. Only 7.8 percent of the responses from those 65 and over are in favor of developing the sites for public uses. For those under 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN F-11 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC PARTICIPATION Cross-Tabulation and #5) #5 - Homeownership & Housing Development (Questions #3 Homeowners and non-homeowners differ on the types of housing that should be developed. Homeowners are more in favor of the development of single-family housing and non-homeowners are more in favor of multi-family housing - which is not unusual since each group favors the further development of housing similar to what they live in. Homeowner Non-Homeowner Encourage single-family development 491 28 Do not encourage single-family development 117 33 74 23 533 38 99 12 Do not encourage duplex development 508 49 Encourage condominium development 129 15 Do not encourage condominium development 478 46 Encourage the development of senior housing 203 28 Do not encourage the development of senior housing 404 33 32 8 575 53 Encourage multi-family development Do not encourage multi-family development Encourage duplex development Encourage the development of modular housing Do not encourage the development of modular housing 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN F-12 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC PARTICIPATION Cross-Tabulation #6 - Age and Shopping Habits (Questions #2 and #6 While age does influence where people shop to some degree, the influence is not significant. Age 55-64 65+ 128 121 206 8 10 15 19 64 111 126 121 205 1 2 10 2 8 10 Shop In Niles area 0 2 5 8 5 18 Do not shop In Niles area 6 43 80 97 87 102 Shop in Benton Township 6 51 95 90 104 152 Do not shop in Benton Township 0 11 18 30 20 31 Shop in South Bend 5 42 69 88 73 75 Do not shop in South Bend 2 15 34 37 40 81 Shop in Kalamazoo and Grand Rapids 5 31 44 55 50 53 Do not shop in Kalamazoo and Grand Rapids 2 21 53 62 52 82 Shop in South Haven 1 6 10 10 17 24 Do not shop in South Haven 5 41 74 93 71 100 19-24 25-34 35-44 Shop in downtown St. Joseph 4 61 113 Do not shop in downtown St. Joseph 2 8 Shop in other areas of St. Joseph 5 Do not shop In other areas of St. Joseph 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN 45-54 F-13 �PUBLIC PARTICIPATION Cross-Tabylatlon #7 - Homeownershlg and Redevelogm ent of Older Manufacturing Sites (Questions #3 and #8) The only area where homeowners and non-homeowners seem to differ on opinion is in the area relating to the development of business and industry. Morehomeowners favor the development of business and industry and most nonhomeowners are opposed to the development of business and industry. Homeowner Non-Homeowner Favor residential development 165 16 Do not favor residential development 441 45 Favor commercial development 244 14 Do not favor commercial development 363 47 99 11 Do not favor public development 508 50 Favor business/industry development 355 26 Do not favor business/industry development 252 35 Favor recreation/open space 254 22 Do not favor recreation/open space 353 39 Favor public development I ;I 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN F-14 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC PARTICIPATION St. Joseph Planning Questionaire Raw Figures 1. Are you an adult City resident? (a) 672 or/non-resident property owner? (b) 68 2. To what age group do you belong? (1) .L_19-24 (2) -1Q_25-34 (3) _jg§_35-44 (4) _jg_45-54 (5} __HL55-64 {6} 256 65 and Over 3. If a City resident, do you own your home? (1) 608 Yes 4. Please indicate which category your total family income fell into last year. (1) 92 Below $14,999 (2) 58 $15,000-$19,999 (3) 49 $20,000-$24,999 5. (4) 49 $25,000-$29,999 (5) 49 $30,000-$34,999 (6) 52 $35,000-$39,999 (2) _§g_No (7) ~$40.000-$49,999 (8) 122 $50,000-$74,999 (9) 147 $75,000 Above Which of the following residential types should be encouraged as future development? (Please indicate all desired types) 6. (1) .filg_Single-Family Residences (5) 265 Senior Congregate Housing (2) 114 Multi-Family (Apartments) (3) 133 Duplex (Two-Family) (4} 175 Condominiums (6) 44 Modular Homes (Prefabricated Single-Family) (6) ,JJLOther (Please Explain): _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Where do you shop and the frequency? # Times/Month* 62 No (b) 638 Yes 33 No (c) 38 Yes 419 No (d) 504 Yes 11 0 No (a) 638 Yes Downtown St. Joseph Other Areas in St. Joseph Niles Area Benton Township # Times/Month* 323 (e) 357 Yes 423 (f} 241 Yes ...m (g) 68 Yes w 11.Q No South Bend Area 30 275 No Kalamazoo/Grand Rapids .1§ 388 No South Haven _§ (h) Other Areas 19 *Over 4 times per month 7. Are there specific commercial businesses or professional services which you feel are needed in St. Joseph? 8. How do you feel the older manufacturing areas should be redeveloped in the future? (Answer all appropriate) (1) 193 Residential (2) 289 Commercial 0 (3) .!ll_Public (5) 299 Recreation/Open Space (4) 426 Business/Industry CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN F-15 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC PARTICIPATION 9. Is there a particular type of recreational activity which you would like to see developed in St. Joseph? ISSUE IDENTIFICATION: 1O. and 11 . Indicate your impressions of the following facilities/services/areas and what level of attention they need to make St. Joseph a better community in the future? 10. Current Condition/Situation Good Average 11. Future Attention Fair High Average Low Housing Conditions 452 216 28 298 224 43 Library Facilities 561 132 18 149 252 108 Recreational Facilities 331 251 101 300 219 45 66 160 373 238 193 116 School Facilities 547 126 13 301 192 65 Fire Protection Facilities 591 101 13 288 259 61 Police Facilities 574 110 21 254 230 68 irraffic Flow 343 265 95 246 261 50 Sidewalk Access 506 160 30 129 312 106 Neighborhood Parks 455 207 42 179 301 77 Snow Removal 529 139 38 186 288 76 Downtown District 480 175 49 295 209 56 Mercy Memorial Med. Center 420 171 109 246 213 99 55 87 468 452 90 30 Tourism 261 299 123 295 224 49 Family Orientation 325 259 55 225 245 54 rYWCA 353 231 79 160 267 97 Churches 562 112 15 121 261 156 Waterfront Areas 374 214 109 358 159 51 Marinas 474 160 38 152 235 144 Livability of City 536 125 32 360 156 41 Tax Base 180 241 215 306 184 52 Semi-Public Uses 224 289 47 93 323 44 Overall Appearance 515 114 14 328 165 27 4 5 10 6 0 4 Bicycle Path Development Ausco Property Redevelopment Other 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN F-16 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC PARTICIPATION St. Joseph Key Person Survey Results Trends A survey was distributed to Planning Commission members, City Commission members and other people that have an interest in the planning process. Surveys were mailed to people that attended the initial meeting. City Commission and Planning Commission members were interviewed in person - or mailed a survey if they could not attend the interviews. This survey was distributed for the purpose of soliciting ideas about St. Joseph's present trends and the City's future. The results of this survey are not meant to be a numerical comparison of results, but are meant to show what kinds of ideas people have • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 about St. Joseph. By having open ended questions, unlike the community survey, a variety of responses were given. This variety of responses gave the Planning Commission additional information to use to see if the Plan was going in the right direction. It also showed that everybody has different priorities. While many of the following responses are based on facts, it should be remembered that for the most part the responses are opinions of people - which is what this section was designed to determine. Quantities of responses have not been included in this section since it was felt that it was more important to view the variety of opinions -instead of the quantity. Increase in service jobs Downtown well-maintained Active Citizens Growth in Marinas Increasing attendance at public events Condominium development Well-maintained properties Progressive community Influx of stores (not downtown) Cultural Influx of physicians Expansion of MMMC Tourism Increase in upscale housing Younger City Commission Growing awareness of St. Joseph's uniqueness Increased support from businesses CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN F-17 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC PARTICIPATION • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Loss of industry and manufacturing jobs Increasing property taxes Decreasing tax base Increased isolation between St. Joseph and surrounding areas Declining population/slow growth Conservative Declining credibility due to association with Benton Harbor Apathy /lack of drive Inability to attract young people Higher salaries out of St. Joseph Negative attitudes City tries to influence peoples decisions Unwilling to work with developers Resentment towards Cornerstone Poor public relations Lack of promotion Negative impact of surrounding shopping areas in downtown • • • • • Aging population Increasing tourism More liberal thinking Increasing number of young, high income couples/families Need to improve public input process Analysis The first thing people will notice in this list is that they might not agree with all of the responses - some people might feel that a trend is positive and another may feel that it is negative. The benefit of this is that it gives people something to think about - that maybe there is something positive in every trend, or that not every 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN positive trend is without its faults. Other trends are more neutral. The City can ·benefit by working to emphasis the positive trends and reverse or minimize the negative trends. Care should be extended to ensure that one does not cancel out the other - and care should be used to determine if the opinions are actually true. F-18 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC PARTICIPATION Opportunities and Problems 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • The waterlront Health Care/MMMC AUSCO site and other vacant areas Lions Park County development of Silver Beach Work with surrounding communities Tourism Existing character of City Bluff Cultural development Growth opportunities Acquire Whirlpool field and connect to existing CBD • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • AUSCO site Lack of space for growth Lack of vision/change Two separate commercial areas Proposal C, or other limits on property taxes Cost of implementing ADA Loss of Silver Beach Ship canal Lack of public transportation Appearance of many Main Street businesses Conservative administration High cost of housing Too much waterlront development Commercial sprawl No schools centrally located Whirlpool may not always be in St. Joseph Image of racial problems/inequities Traffic Residents not convinced change is needed High level of rental properties Parking Lack of restaurants downtown CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN F-19 �~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC PARTICIPATION Comments • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Need to attract industries/jobs Improve airport City Hall - relocate/renovate Need more businesses downtown Maintain/improve harbor/marina Senior services needed Senior housing needed Convert box factory Continue to upgrade infrastructure Need person(s) in charge of promotion Market St. Joseph as an area for large Chicago businesses to locate "satellite" businesses Curbside recycling Need to work with developers to ensure successful projects Schools need more teachers and rooms Consolidate small residential lots to create new areas for upscale homes Analysis such as what opportunities does the AUSCO site offer. The same should be Opportunities and problems also divide many people - it is more apparent here since some people chose certain points as opportunities while others chose them as problems. Some of these include the AUSCO site, Silver Beach and growth opportunities. Many of the listed opportunities are obvious, such as the waterfront, but many listed opportunities need to be debated and expanded upon to determine what the opportunities are - 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSNE PLAN done with the list of problems. Additionally, problems should be matched up with opportunities. An example of this is the problem relating to the lack of space for growth - this can be matched -with the AUSCO site as an opportunity. Many other problems and opportunities can be matched with each other - which is one of the useful points of this Section. F-20 ~ �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC PARTICIPATION Leadership • • • • • • • • • • • • City administration/staff City Commission Businesses Lending institutions Whirlpool Planning Commission St. Joseph Improvement Association Cornerstone Alliance County officials City Service Clubs St. Joseph Today Philanthropists • • • • • • • • • • • City administration/staff City Commission Cornerstone Alliance St. Joseph Today Non-forward looking people Long-time residents Retail business that treat customers poorly School Board Planning Commission (compatibility of land us~s versus development dollars) LECO Whirlpool • • • • • Need inspections of new and renovated buildings Need more optimistic outlook Need more leaders Need greater variety of citizen input City Manager needs assistant Analysis The City Staff and City Commission are the most influential people in St. Joseph some people perceive what they do as negative and others feel their work is 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN positive - either way they seem to have the most control over the direction the City will go in the future. Many leaders are perceived as both positive and negative influences in St. Joseph. F-21 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ PUBLIC PARTICIPATION Master Plan • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Blueprint/Vision/Guide for the future Realistic/implementable plan Reference point Identify trends Inform citizens and gain information from citizens Promotional tool Identify a limited number of goals "Outsiders" view of St. Joseph Identify historic aspects of St. Joseph Identify opportunities Identify future land use Tie with ongoing Strategic Plan Encourage good neighborhoods and services Encourage new businesses Stabilize local economy More active community Greater tax base More visitors More industry Analysis People feel the plan should act as a flexible guide for the City's future 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN development. All responses were positive, or neutral, which indicates that people feel the Plan is a necessary part of the City's future. F-22 �EXISTING LAND USE �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ EXISTING LAND USE Introduction For a community to plan for its future it is essential to analyze the existing land uses, and in order to analyze the existing land uses it is necessary to perform an inventory of the area's land uses. This allows for the relationships of various land uses to be identified and measured. The inventory of St. Joseph's land uses was accomplished by updating the inventory of past plans with field checks. The inventory was then recorded on a computer based map to allow for the calculation of acreages and ease of changes on clear readable maps. Land Use Classifications In order to compare the existing land uses with the 1976 land use map, the same land use classifications are being used in this Plan. These land use categories minimize confusion between the maps, and show the changes of land uses which have occurred throughout the City. Residential - This category indicates an area in which dwellings with their accessory buildings occupy the major portion of the land. This i clude_s singlefamily housing, daplexes and multiRle~r:nily Eiousiog. Commercial- The commercial category includes areas, with or without structures, wh_d ~~-----onal business s ~~-- This i and services to local residents and consumers attracted from outside the community. The two commercial districts in St. Joseph, as well as retail, wholesale and office space are included in this 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN category. Ware ousing ancl storage are also included unless the storage space is more closely related to another land use - such as industrial. Industrial - This category incudes areas where raw or unfinished materials or commodities are used to produce a product. Tnis inclua_es heavy industry, or im:f ustr1e hose manufacturing process causes various emissions (fumes, odors, smoke, noise, light or vibrations) that can be detrimental to surrounding land uses. Also included is light in ustnal uses whicfi ao not influence surrounding land uses in the manners of heavy industry. War-ehuusing ana s- r.ag_e are included in t -is ca egor_y Lf the warehousing and storage space is an integral part of the manufacturing process. Public/Quasi Public - Public and quasi- public land uses include land areas and facilities that are available to all of the people within a particular service area, or are used to provide services to the people. These uses include schools, libraries, cemeteries, government buildings, public utilities, recreation and open space and museums. Also included in this category are areas and buildings which are used by a limited number of persons with particular interests and nonprofit groups. These include such uses as places of worship, clubs and other activities. This category is comprised of all dedicated surface rightsof-way including streets, highways and railroads, which are used for the movement of people and goods. Transportation - G-1 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ EXISTING LAND USE community. Establishing an accurate inventory of land uses is important since future land use distribution will largely be shaped by existing patterns. There are other factors that influence future land use patterns, but the existing distribution of land uses is the major factor which influences the future land use distribution. This is particularly true for a mature City such as St. Joseph. The existing land use inventory for St. Joseph has been put on the base map to form an Existing Land Use Map (G-1). The acreage figures listed in Table G-1 have been derived from this. The City's existing land use analysis is presented by category, and the various planning areas within St. Joseph. Redevelopment - This is a new category which was not included in the previous Comprehensive Plan. This area of the City, north of the St. Joseph River, is an area that is mostly older industrial uses that are either in need of modernization or conversion to another land use. Vacant Land - This category includes land not used for any purpose previously listed, and is not developed. Existing Land Use Inventory/Analysis The inventory of existing land uses is an important part of determining the future distribution of land uses in and around a TABLE G-1 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH EXISTING LAND USE ACREAGES Land Use · ,,.. Arii es ·; -·-·-· %of Landh~a Residential 889.7 40.8 Commercial 112.6 5.2 Public 347.1 15.9 Industrial 109.0 5.0 Redevelopment 152.4 7.0 Vacant 199.6 9.1 Transportation (Streets) 289.5 13.3 82.4 3.8 Land Area 2,182.3 100.0 Total Area (includes Rivers) 2,369.2 -- Transportation (Rail) SOURCE: Gove Associates Inc., 1992. 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN G-2 �\_./.,-1/" /<.. / I ( ct' \ ~ ~0 ~~ A LEGEND RESIDENTIAL = I COMMERCIAL ~ 1m1mm1mi ... :,,......1 INDUSTRIAL () ~ PUBLIC/QUASI PUBLIC ~ REDEVELOPMENT I VACANT I $ /M4~~. .~ V /i:: ~1' Jlff6,..ltftllJjpJ . l;/IJ '-~,:;:lf!I l:::::::r -".,..,. .• .•··· a?==:ri-lIDbcrnl ~ •::~:..: .:~~: ■1f I:: : :~: · Ifl1·iii 1 ~ '" cfil@~CTI ~c {Iii ~ l~~1m1, .IiHi"I I ::::i ···· · ' ""lii!!iiiiilili ![![, .>i"™'!lfcW~,,;q,,,,11,,.,...... ... . .,, :;:~· ~~rn~·- :l. _ : . .l . :. i l • i..•: i J• ~~I "' I ~ 1[!i ~ □~ ~ ~ ..:r V :ii -' 1111 - ~ MAP u· SCALE ~ o· ~._ Cl I soo· 1ooo· 1500· 2500' SAINT JOSEPH, MICHIGAN _______________..._______________________________________ GOVE AS SOCIATES INC. EXISTING LAND USE MAP �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ EXISTING LAND USE Residential - The total amount of land devoted to residential uses in St. Joseph is 889. 7 acres, or 40.8 percent of the City's land area. Residential land uses are by far the most predominant land use in the City. The majority of residential land uses are distributed throughout the City of St. Joseph, south and west of the river. North of the St. Joseph River residential uses are limited to the area near Lake Michigan, along Ridgeway and Marina drives. A limited amount of residential development is located on Marina Island. Commercial - The total amount of land devoted to commercial uses in St. Joseph is 112.6 acres, or 5.2 percent of the City's land area. Two main commercial districts exist in the City. The Business District located just south of the St. Joseph River serves as the City's Central Business District since City and County offices, and many other public buildings and private businesses are located in this area. Much of this main commercial district has extensive streetscaping to provide a festive atmosphere for shoppers and visitors. The Central Business District is oriented to accommodate pedestrian traffic, and is interactive with the lakefront parks. The southern commercial district, located along Niles Avenue in the southern portion of the City, contains many retail and service shops but does not have any of the major public offices or facilities that exist in the Central Business District. Other major differences between the two districts include the fact that the southern business district is more oriented towards the automobile, and it is not as oriented towards attracting outside visitors as the Central Business District. In addition to the two commercial districts there are 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN several smaller commercial uses throughout the City. One commercial area exists on Marina Island and no major commercial uses are located north of the river. Public - Public land in St. Joseph accounts for 347.1 acres of land, or 15.9 percent of the City's land. This is the third largest land use category - following residential and transportation. Public and quasi-public land uses are located throughout the City. Industrial - Industrial land uses in St. Joseph account for 109.0 acres, or 5.0 percent of the community's land area. When land in the redevelopment category is not counted as an industrial land use, the industrial land use category is the smallest category in the City. The major industrial areas are located north of the St. Joseph River, on Marina Island and in the southern portion of the City. Redevelopment - This land use is confined to one area of the City, north of the river. The area covers 152.4 acres and accounts for 7.0 percent of the City's land. The area mainly consists of older manufacturing sites, which are proposed for redevelopment. Vacant - St. Joseph has 199.6 acres of vacant land, or 9.1 percent of the City's land area. Some of this land is located near the St. Joseph River and on Marina Island and is within the 100-year floodplain. Other vacant land exists along Lake Michigan in environmentally sensitive areas. In the southern panhandle portion of the City there are several areas of undeveloped land located between residential and industrial land uses. G-4 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ EXISTING LAND USE Transportation - Rights-of-way for streets and railroads account for 371.9 acres, or 17.0 percent of the City's land area - the second largest land use in St. Joseph. Of the 371.9 acres, 289.5 are street rights-of-way and the remaining 82.4 acres are railroad rights-of-way. Existing Land Use Inventory/ Analysis: Planning Areas In addition to studying the City of St. Joseph as a whole, this Plan examines five distinct planning areas of St. Joseph. Map G-2 shows the boundaries of the five areas. These areas are based on Census tracts except for Areas #1, #2 and #3, which are all in one Census tract. These three areas have been identified since they are separated by a geographic feature (the river). Planning Area #1 - Planning Area #1 , located north of the St. Joseph River contains 353.3 acres. This is the second smallest of the five planning areas, and accounts for 16.2 percent of the City's land area. The largest land use in the planning area is the redevelopment category which covers 152.4 acres, or 43.1 percent of the area's land. The relationship between the various land uses is illustrated on Table G-2. The redevelopment area is crisscrossed with highways and railroad tracks and is composed of old manufacturing sites and vacant land - much of the redevelopment site is in the 100-year floodplain . The second largest land use in Area # 1 is residential which accounts for 91.4 acres of land, or 25.9 percent of the area's land. The residential land uses are concentrated in the western portion of the area, near Lake Michigan. Land 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN used for streets account for 39.6 acres, or 11.2 percent of the area's land. Business 1-94/US-33 is a major arterial that passes through the area. Upton Drive is the only collector street and all other streets are considered local streets. Railroad rights-of-way cover 27.1 acres, or 7.7 percent of the area's land. Public land in Planning Area #1 covers 32.9 acres, or 9.3 percent of the land. The public land is located where the St. Joseph River meets Lake Michigan and consists of Tiscornia Park, the U.S. Coast Guard Station, the Army Reserve Armory and the North Pier. There are no commercial land uses in Planning Area #1 and the only vacant land is contained within the redevelopment area. Planning Area #2 - This Planning Area consists of Marina Island, between the St. Joseph River and the Morrison Channel. The 134.0 acre island is the smallest of the five planning areas and accounts for 6.1 percent of the City's total land area. The largest land use on the island is vacant land - this is due to the fact that much of the island is in the 100-year floodplain. The second largest land use on the island is industrial, which accounts for 35.9 acres or 26.8 percent of the island's land. Public land in Planning Area #2 covers 25.0 acres of land, or 18. 7 percent of the island, and consists of the City's wastewater treatment facilities, a boat launch facility and a new parking lot. The streets on the island are all local and cover 10.2 acres of land. There are 6. 7 acres of commercial land on Marina Island. Planning Area #3 - This is the largest of the five planning areas. The planning area is located in the main portion of St. Joseph, north of the ravine. The area G-5 �~$ /- • 1......./_/_/ /l.. ''( \ '::,...c.y ~ ~(.) i-~ 'V .~ <' ff ,~ (J ~ N~ i~N- /QNQ i'V/o/~f lZ~a{ ~~p0o ,b((t ~ s /4 1~ 9.9 _9J ~ · .. ~LA ,~-~ II ll.l..EML_JLI__VE --:; ~ /A'-£ IMADJSONaj, ...VE ,----, /, ~ ~l ~I t; ~~~ ~n~ M ~3?~EJG c·- #'!"~GQD I .,, ,L.. A ...... 1m ~ COU/MBI" A ~ :<In : . ~~c ~ 7/~.. IEJ _ ,. · ~ ~ MlDYrf Lu_J ,!M ~"VE j---jHij-···~.. ''7 ' ~I - ~..,,. • ::=!._~ ~ MAP G-2 SCALE o·IY'c• 500· 1000· 1500· I 2soo· SAINT JOSEPH, MICHIGAN GOVE ASSOCIATES INC. .._____________ PLANNING AREAS °' _________________________________ ___ 0 �., 0 TABLE G-2 § EXISTING LAND USE DISTRIBUTION FOR THE CITY OF ST. JOSEPH ~ en ;i ..... 0 ! ; (') - Il l Resldentlal 91.4 I 25.9 0.0 0.0 364.7 45.5 241.8 58.0 191.8 39.7 z Commercial o.o I 0.0 6.7 5.0 44.3 5.5 27.9 6.8 33.7 7.0 112.6 5.2 ~ Public 32.9 9.3 25.0 18.7 201.1 25.1 46.0 11.2 42.1 8.7 347.1 15.9 9.9 2.8 35.9 26.8 6.2 0.8 2.5 0.6 54.5 11.3 109.0 5.0 152.4 43.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 152.4 7.0 0.0 0.0 56.2 41.9 24.2 3.0 20.5 5.0 98.7 20.4 199.6 9.1 Transportation (Streets) 39.6 11.2 10.2 7.6 124.5 15.5 58.2 14.2 57.1 11.8 289.5 13.3 Transportation (Rall) 27.1 7.7 0.0 0.0 36.5 4.6 13.5 3.3 5.3 1.1 82.4 3.8 Land Area 353.3 100.0 134.0 100.0 801.5 100.0 410.3 100.0 483.2 100.0 2,182.3 100.0 Total Area (Includes water) 408.1 -- 195.3 -- 817.9 --- 464.7 - 2,369.2 en ~ Industrial Redevelopment Vacant SOURCE: Gove Associates Inc. C) .!.) - 483.2 889.7 40.8 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ EXISTING LAND USE covers 801.5 acres, or 36. 7 percent of the City's land. The area is essentially a mixture of residential areas, a large commercial district and several public areas. Residential uses cover 364. 7 acres, or 45.5 percent of the area's land. The residential uses are distributed throughout the entire area. Public or quasi-public land in this area covers 201.1 acres, or 25.1 percent of the land. Some public land is located along Lake Michigan's shoreline, in the Central Business District, at two cemeteries and at the high school and stadium. Transportation is the third largest land use category in Planning Area #3. Streets cover 124.5 acres of land, or 15.5 percent of the land. No other area has as high of a percentage of streets as Planning Area #3. The major arterial streets in the area include Main Street, Port Street, Ship Street, Wayne Street, Niles Avenue and Lake Shore Drive. The minor arterial streets include Lake Boulevard, Cleveland Avenue, Lake View Avenue and Broad Street. Collector streets include Wallace Avenue, Kingsley Avenue, Wolcott Avenue, Lake Street and Vine Street. The remaining streets are all considered to be local streets. Railroad rights-of-way cover 36.5 acres of land, or 4.6 percent of the planning area. There are 44.3 acres of commercial land, or 5.5 percent of the land. No other planning area contains as much commercial land. The majority of the commercial land is located in or around the City's Central Business District. Some smaller commercial areas are located throughout the area. Vacant land in the planning area covers 24.2 acres or 3.0 percent of the land. Most of the vacant areas are located adjacent to Lake Michigan, but others exist throughout Planning Area #3. There are 6.2 acres of industrial 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN land in the area - these uses are located adjacent to the Morrison Channel. Planning District #4 - Planning Area #4, located on the east side of St. Joseph adjacent to the St. Joseph River, is the third largest of the five planning areas. It contains 241.8 acres of residential land uses, or 58.9 percent of the area's total land. Of the five planning areas none has a higher percentage of residential land. The residential uses are located throughout the area. The second largest land use is transportation which covers 71.6 acres, or 17.5 percent land. Railroad rights-of-way account for 13.5 acres of the transportation land uses, and streets account for 58.2 acres. The main arterial streets are Whittlesey Avenue and Napier Avenue. The one minor arterial street is Langley Avenue and the only collector street is Wolcott Avenue. All of the remaining streets are considered local. Public land covers 46.0 acres of land. Much of the public/quasipublic land is located at the Mercy Memorial Medical Center, near the St. Joseph River. Lincoln School and park space are two other public uses. The fourth largest land use in the planning area is commercial. The majority of these land uses are located along Niles Avenue, in the City's southern business district. The area has 20.5 acres of vacant land and 2.5 acres of industrial land. Planning Area #5 - This area, which is located in the southern portion of the City, covers 483.2 acres of land, or 22.1 percent of the City's land. The planning area, which is the second largest of the five areas, is the only area that does not have direct river access. There are 191.8 acres of residential land uses in the area, G-8 I l l • • • • • • • • -~ ~ -~ �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ EXISTING LAND USE or 39.7 percent of the area. The second largest land use is the vacant category, with most of the vacant land being located in the southern panhandle of the City. Transportation, at 71.6 acres, is the third largest land use category. The only major arterial street in the area is Lake Shore Drive. Minor arterial streets include Hilltop Road, Cleveland Avenue and Lake View Avenue. Hawthorne Avenue is the only collector street and all other streets are considered local streets. Streets account for 57. 1 acres and railroad rights-of-way account for 5.3 acres. Industrial land uses in the area cover 54.5 acres of land, or 11.3 percent of the planning area's land. The area has the smallest percentage of public land of any of the five areas - 42.1 acres, or 8. 7 percent. The majority of public land is located along Lake Michigan. There are 33. 7 acres of commercial land which account for 7.0 percent of the area's land. Most commercial uses are located near Niles Avenue, but other commercial areas are located throughout the planning area. Potential Areas of Conflict The current distribution of land uses in St. Joseph have several areas where a combination of land uses can adversely influence each other or surrounding land uses, or can lead to conflicts in the future if existing trends continue. The following list are potential areas of conflict: Planning Area #1 - Several potential areas of conflict exist north of St. Joseph River. The residential areas, located adjacent to Lake Michigan, limit public access to beaches and are near 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN environmentally (beach areas). sensitive areas Another potential area of conflict is the redevelopment area, north of the river. When redevelopment occurs it should be designed to minimize the impact to surrounding areas - such as the residential areas to the west. When planning for future uses in the redevelopment area, the large amount of land within the 1DO-year floodplain should be planned for in order to avoid potential conflicts. Another conflict that currently exists in the area is the existing site of environmental contamination (see Environmental Contamination Sites). Planning District #2 - The major potential conflict on Marina Island is that a large portion of the island is in the 1OD-year floodplain. This limits the type of development that can occur on the island. Another conflict on the island is the existing site of environmental contamination (see Environmental Contamination Sites). Planning Districts #3, #4 and #5 Having two commercial districts separated by a residential area and connected by a major arterial street creates the potential for unplanned commercial development to occur between the two commercial areas. This could disrupt the existing residential areas and detract from the existing businesses in the two areas. G-9 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ EXISTING LAND USE Planning District #5 - The vacant land in the southern portions of St. Joseph are surrounded by both residential and industrial areas. Since the vacant areas are currently acting as buffers between these two conflicting uses it will be necessary to create buffers between conflicting uses if the vacant areas are developed. 1 1 1 1 1 1 Floodplains and Sensitive Areas In addition to the previously mentioned potential areas of conflict relating to floodplains, there are several other areas in St. Joseph where conflicts can occur that relate to floodplains, beaches or wetlands. • • ~ 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSNE PLAN G-10 ~ �~ffi\[ffiu ~~ ~ [fQJ)lf'QJ)~[E [Lffi\[M[Q) QJJ~lEu @(Q)i%[L~u (Q)WJ}[E(t;lf'□~lE~u ~lf'~lf'lE@□lE~ GOALS, POLICIES AND ACTIONS �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ GOALS, POLICIF.S AND ACTIONS FOR THE FUTURE The following is a list of the issues identified in the planning process. The goals, policies and actions listed are ways to address the issues. The policy and action statements present specific methods for implementing comprehensive planning in the City. The recommended policies are stated in an obligatory sense for implementation. In order to allow for related issues to be grouped together, each set of issues, goals, policies and actions has been listed under one of six major headings. ■ Major Headings are groups of issues that are closely related to each other. ■ Issues are areas of concern which have been identified within the City, which the Planning Commission believes require some manner of attention. ■ Goals are broad statements identifying what is to be accomplished under each topic. ■ Policies are statements which identify what is to be done to achieve each goal, as well as the responsible agency. ■ Actions are statements specifying measures identified to implement a policy. sites for reuse beneficial to the St. Joseph area. Policy: The City will work with Cornerstone Alliance, the owners of the various properties and the various State and Federal agencies to promote the redevelopment of the sites. Actions: • Continue to work with involved parties to cleanup the contaminated sites north of the river (Edgewater) and on Marina Island (the tank farm). • Determine the most feasible mixture of uses to be developed in the areas based on future land use requirements and the future direction of St. Joseph. • Work with Cornerstone Alliance, developers, investors, property owners, adjacent communities and area residents to create reuse projects that achieve areawide goals. 2. Waterfront Development Land Use 1. Redevelopment Areas ~ : Utilizing redevelopment areas. Goal: Complete the cleanup of contaminated sites and redevelop those 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Issue: Further waterfront development can control public access to Lake Michigan and the River. It can detract from the beauty of St. Joseph by controlling views of Lake Michigan. Goal: Work to maintain access and views of the waterfront by evaluating the types of redevelopment that can occur on the lakefront and in areas H-1 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ GOALS, POLICIES AND ACTIONS FOR THE FUTURE that could potentially control views of the waterfront. Policy: The City will strive to maintain waterfront access and preserve existing views of the lake by controlling further development through code compliance (height or bulk limitations of structures). The City does not control waterfront development on land owned by the State and Federal Governments. Actions: • • • Determine lakefront access points that are important for maintaining adequate access to the beaches. Evaluate existing views and determine areas that should not be developed, or that should be limited in height or bulk, to preserve views from important parts of St. Joseph, i.e., bluffs, parks, etc. Review the zoning ordinance to enhance access and views of the waterfront. 3. Sensitive Environmental Areas Issue: Development on or near environmentally sensitive areas can irrevocably damage St. Joseph's natural resources. Goal: Preserve environmentally sensitive areas in St. Joseph by limiting development nearby and restricting development in sensitive areas. 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Policy: The City will zone sensitive areas so as to limit development in and around the areas. Actions: • Identify environmentally sensitive areas. • Determine an appropriate buffer zone that should be adjacent to sensitive areas. • Review zoning ordinance to protect areas designated as environmentally sensitive by the City. 4. Vacant or Underutilized Land ~ : The ability for St. Joseph to expand beyond its existing borders is very limited. Goal: Create opportunities for various types of development in St. Joseph by better utilizing existing areas of vacant or underutilized land. Policy: The City should create an inventory of all existing areas of land that are not currently being utilized to their fullest capability. Actions: • Inventory all vacant parcels of land, include ownership and current zoning of parcels. • Inventory all underutilized, abandoned or dilapidated buildings in St. Joseph - include ownership, SEV, size and zoning. H-2 1 l 1 1 1 1 ~ •1 ~ ~ -,_ - ~ �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ GOAI..S, POLICIES AND ACTIONS FOR THE FUTURE • Contact owners of identified parcel to learn if parcel is marketable. • Encourage the development of vacant infill parcels. 5. Separated Commercial Areas Issue: St. Joseph has two separated shopping areas - one is pedestrian/ tourism oriented and one is resident/ automobile oriented. Goal: The City should not allow commercial zoning in areas between the two commercial areas in the City. Policy: In order to prevent the creation of a large strip-type commercial development running between the existing commercial areas, commercial development should be restricted between the two commercial areas. • 6. Conflicting Land Uses ~ : Conflicting land uses can detract from the value of adjacent property and can reduce the overall livability and workability of the City. Goal: Preserve the integrity of various conflicting land use through special separation, screening and relocation of land uses. Policy: The City should endeavor to reduce the impact of conflicting land uses. Actions: • Identify areas where conflicting land uses exist. • Identify areas where future conflicts will occur if existing development patterns continue. • Revise the zoning ordinance to reflect the need to limit conflicting land uses, in the future, by creating buffers between the uses, not allowing new conflicts to occur and minimizing the effects of existing conflicts. Actions: • 0 Update the City's zoning ordinance for commercial development standards. • Designate areas where commercial development can occur without promoting strip developments. • Restrict existing commercial zones that exist in the strip area, to prevent strip development from creeping into sound residential neighborhoods. CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Utilize future office developments as buffers between commercial and residential areas. Economy 1. Commercial Businesses Issue: Commercial businesses provide jobs for the community, help to diversify the tax base, and help to promote the area's tourism. H-3 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ GOALS, POLICIES AND ACTIONS FOR THE FUTURE Goal: Promote a business atmosphere that encourages the expansion of existing commercial businesses and the location/creation of new businesses. Policy: The City of St. Joseph will work with the Chamber of Commerce, existing businesses and potential businesses to determine their current and future needs. Actions: • • • • 2. Maintain an up-to-date listing of commercial businesses in the area. Include a contact person and all pertinent business information. On a regularly scheduled basis, survey the businesses to determine the existing business climate. Maintain a list of local sites and buildings available for existing and new businesses to expand or locate. promotes new industries to locate in St. Joseph. Policy: The City of St. Joseph will work with existing industries to determine their existing and future needs. The City will also work to provide industries looking to locate in the area a positive experience. Actions: • Maintain an up-to-date listing of industries in the area - include contact person and all pertinent information about the industry. • On a regularly scheduled basis, survey the businesses to determine the existing business climate. • Maintain a list of local sites available for existing or new businesses to expand or locate their operations. • Perform a target industry study to determine the types of industries best suited to St. Joseph (i.e., workforce skills, training available, high school and vocational school specialty areas, etc.). • Refocus existing industrial areas under an "Urban Business Park Concept" to beautify and give a theme to specific industrial areas. Perform a market study to determine the types of commercial businesses that are needed and could succeed in St. Joseph. Industry Issue: Industries provide jobs for the community and strengthen the local tax base. 3. Tourism Goal: Create a business atmosphere that encourages the expansion of existing Industrial Base and 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN ~ : Adequate facilities must exist in order to meet the needs of yearH-4 1 l 1 1 ' ' '• ' '- -~ ~ -~ �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ GOALS, POLICIES AND ACTIONS FOR THE FUTURE round residents, seasonal residents and visitors to St. Joseph. regulations, allowing access to people with limited physical abilities. .9QID: Create an equitable balance Policy: The City will work to meet or exceed the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act. between providing the residents the facilities and services they require with the need to attract additional tourists to the City. Actions: Policy: The City will work to create a level of tourism that promotes the overall character of St. Joseph, and continues to attract an appropriate level of visitors to St. Joseph. • Assess the accessibility of all applicable City facilities in St. Joseph (the assistance of a design professional and people with various physical limitations can be very useful). • Assess all parks and outdoor public spaces (Recreation Plan). • After assessing public areas create an improvement schedule (Capital Improvements Program) for needed improvements. Actions: • • • Ensure that adequate recreational facilities are available to meet the needs of St. Joseph's residents (Recreation Plan). Determine level of parking required to meet peak visitor demands at key locations (beach, bluffs, downtown). Through traffic counts, determine if weekend and holiday traffic is adversely affecting the quality of residential neighborhoods. Public & Quasi Public Facilities 2. Park and Recreation Areas ~: The City's Park and Recreation Plan should reflect the needs of the City's residents. Goal: Provide a park and recreation system that meets the needs of various residents, age groups and lifestyles. 1. Access Issue: Many City owned facilities are inaccessible to people with limited physical abilities. Goal: Provide equal access to applicable City facilities through the use of design standards that meet the Americans with Disabilities Act 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Policy: The City will work to provide a park and recreation system that meets or exceeds the needs of area residents. Actions: • Maintain an up-to-date Recreation Plan. H-5 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ GOALS, POLICIES AND ACTIONS FOR THE FUTURE • Work to better understand what the residents of St. Joseph expect from their park system through various forms of public input. the future expansion of MMMC/ Medical Service in St. Joseph. Actions: • Work with MMMC to determine if additional facilities are needed to provide health care that is targeted towards the area's residents. • Maintain and upgrade park and recreation facilities to accommodate for seasonal population. • Assess the park system's ability to provide recreational opportunities to residents with limited physical and/or mental capabilities. • Establish forum for group discussions. • Determine where the goals of each group are compatible. Assess the recreational value and function of additions to parks prior to making improvements. • Hold open discussions together to solve differences that may exist. • Modify zoning to implement solutions. • • Assess the need for all existing public park and recreation areas in the future. Aesthetics Medical Services Issue: The future growth in the Medical Service Sector in St. Joseph can create conflicting land uses with the surrounding residential areas. Goal: Promote superior health care/ medical services while preserving the character of the surrounding neighborhoods in St. Joseph. Policy: The City, Mercy Memorial Medical Center (MMMC) and residents in the surrounding neighborhoods should have open lines of communications in order to promote a cooperative atmosphere where all parties are involved in any plans for 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN ' '1 1 '• ~ 1. Appearance 3. 1 1 1 1 Issue: Maintaining the overall appearance of St. Joseph is vital to preserving the City's beauty and appeal to residents and visitors. Goal: Maintain and improve the overall appearance of St. Joseph. Policy: The City of St. Joseph will work to maintain and improve the overall appearance of the City. Actions: • Ensure all public facilities are properly maintained. • Work with businesses to reduce unnecessary signage. H-6 ~ ~ ~ ~ �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ GOAIS, POLICIES AND ACTIONS FOR THE FUTURE • Continue to limit the placement of billboards to industrially zoned properties. • Continue to provide for sound code enforcement. • Work with political parties to create mutually beneficial ways to reduce the size, duration and quantity of political campaign signs. • Work with the owners and Michigan's Bureau of History to have the sites placed on the State's Register of Historic Places. Housing • • Work with electrical/telephone/ cable television utilities to encourage underground lines and aesthetic screening. Maintain street tree and curb lawns. 2. Historic Preservation Issue: Historic buildings, areas and neighborhoods should be preserved to maintain the City's character. ---- ~ : Affordable housing is needed to encourage people of all age groups to live in St. Joseph. Goal: Encourage the development of affordable housing for households with a range of incomes and lifestyles. Policy: The City will identify areas where a variety of housing types can be made available and encourage the development of housing units of varied costs and types by allowing for a variety of housing densities. Actions: Goal: Preserve and improve St. Joseph's character and quality of life through the preservation of historical or architecturally significant buildings. Policy: The City, in cooperation with local historic societies, will work to recommend sites and areas that are of historic interest to St. Joseph. Actions: • 0 1. Housing Identify structures and areas that should bA maintained or preserved as' historic sites. CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN • Identify infill sites where singlefamily units can be built in existing neighborhoods. • Promote housing designed with varied senior lifestyles in mind. • Zone areas for higher housing densities. • Identify areas appropriate for condominium/ congregate style housing and zone those areas for alternative housing by Special Land Use. H-7 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ GOALS, POLICIES AND ACTIONS FOR THE FUTURE • Determine where higher density multiple-family rental housing O.e., apartments) would best fit into the landscape. Transportation 1. Streets Issue: Maintaining the City's street system is vital to ensuring a safe and convenient transportation network throughout the City and points beyond the City. Goal: Maintain and improve St. Joseph's streets to allow for safe and efficient inner-city and intra-city travel. 2. Downtown Parking ~: Adequate parking in St. Joseph's downtown is an important part of the downtown's success. Goal: Ensure that adequate parking exists to allow shoppers easy access to downtown businesses and public facilities. Policy: The City will work to ensure that adequate parking is available in the downtown area. Actions: Policy: The City will work through the Department of Public Works and the Michigan Department of Transportation to maintain and improve the street system, in order to meet the existing and future transportation needs of the area. • Continue to monitor the local parking situation in the downtown area. • Determine future parking needs for special events and tourism as growth occurs. Actions: • Identify areas that can be used to meet any future parking needs. • Monitor employee parking downtown to determine employee parking shopper /tourist conflicts. • • • 0 and where major street improvements will occur. Conduct inventories of areas where streets are in need of repair, and input to a Capital Improvements Program. Through traffic count records, analyze trends to find where improvements to lane condition and traffic flow are needed, (i.e., widen lanes or establish one-way streets). Through the Capital Improvements Program, schedule when CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN 3. Alternative Transportation Networks Issue: Maintaining and improving the City's sidewalks and other pathways is a viable way to reduce inner-city automobile trips, while providing a source of recreation. H-8 I I 'I I 'I 'I I - �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ GOALS, POLICIES AND ACTIONS FOR THE FUTURE Goal: Provide an improved network of sidewalks and other pathways. Policy: The City of St. Joseph encourages the use of alternative transportation networks by maintaining the existing network and expanding/improving the network in the Mure. Actions: 4. • Perform an inventory of the existing network of sidewalks and pathways to determine the existing conditions of surfaces. • Maintain the operation of the existing network. • Identify where the network needs to be upgraded or expanded. • Determine areas where crosswalks should be located to provide continuous paths of travel. • As the local street system is improved or expanded the improvement or expansion of alternative transportation networks should be considered. Policy: Work with the Twin Cities Area Transit Authority to ensure the level of Dial-a-Ride services match St. Joseph needs. Actions: • Continue to support the concept of public transportation. • Conduct surveys of residents in non-service areas to determine if the existing service area should be expanded in cooperation with the Twin Cities Area Transit Authority. Public Transportation Issue: Ensuring that adequate public transportation is available in St. Joseph is necessary to meet the special needs of St. Joseph's various age groups. Goal: Work to provide adequate public transportation. 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN H-9 �FUTURE LAND USE �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ FUTURE LAND USE Introduction In order to determine an appropriate distribution of future land uses it is necessary to consider several factors. These factors include the existing distribution of land, location of arterial streets, location of rail transportation, location of environmentally sensitive areas, density standards, public opinion, common sense and planning. These are the major factors that will guide the designation of future land uses in St. Joseph. This section of the Plan, which analyzes future land use distribution lists two separate sets of acreage figures. The first set lists the future land use requirements. These figures are based on established planning standards and an evaluation of projected growth in the area. These standards do not consider such things as the existing distribution of land uses, the amount of available land, qualities unique to the community or other factors that are difficult to quantify. The acreage figures are used as a guide for overall land use requirements - they do not necessarily represent the future of St. Joseph. The other acreage figures are based on the future distribution of land as shown on the Future Land Use Map (Map 1-1 ). This information is presented for both the City and the five planning areas. Future Land Use factors, such as housing densities, persons per household and housing types can all influence the amount of land that will be required for residential uses. Table 1-1 shows that the "average" urban area has between 35 and 39 percent of its land occupied by residential uses. In St. Joseph this would equal between 764 and 851 acres of land. St. Joseph's residential uses currently occupy 40.8 percent of the City's land. This figure is slightly higher than the average, which can be attributed to several things such as larger lots, seasonal homes and the fact that St. Joseph is a nice place to have a home. St. Joseph is oriented towards serving residential uses - as opposed to many other land uses. Hou_s1ng neeas in St. Joseph are not e-xpectea to drastically change in the Mure. While the population is expected to continue to decrease, much of the decrease can be attributed to decreasing household size - not a decreasing number of households. Table 1-2 shows that the acreage requirements, based on the assumption of a decreasing population, will decrease by 0.8 acres by 2010 (essentially no change). While this means the amount of residential land required to serve the residents of St. Joseph will remain fairly constant, it does not mean that land for residential development should not be set aside. Residential The main factor influencing the amount of residential land required by a community is population growth or decline. Other 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN l-1 �~ <.._J.,,".1/'/l.. ' ' ( -1:s- C ~ ~c.; ~~ A LEGEND H;;;;;;;;::;::::1 ~ ~ RESIDENTIAL <' COMMERCIAL ~ INDUSTRIAL lililililili!i!ii PUBLIC/QUASI PUBLIC ~ REDEVELOPMENT I I J ~ VACANT .¢' ✓ ~ /20~./tlW'I{__~/::· •· b~$)%:~i~lil -~ ·;•;; ~~~ • ~ · ,n,: < ~ FT:,. ';iii :~~·•'!!•-~1·-, ; ; :,;, 1111 :1111 :,_p::· · · ··· ······ V ~ -~ ~ 1·~\ ::::;l~17:mw:::n,v • ---··- · ·- ··.: !:\:imi:\:\,i MAP , 1 11lli:~rnird SCALE ,-.•.• 500· o· .... N 1000· 1500· I 2500' GOVE ASSOCIATES INC. I SAINT josEPH: MICHIGAN FUTURE LAND USE MAP I �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ FUTURE LAND USE TABLE 1-1 COMPARISON OF STANDARD LAND USE DISTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES TO ST. JOSEPH'S LAND USE DISTRIBUTIONS Residential 35% to 39% 40.8% Commercial 4.8% to 5.0% 5.2% 5.0% 10% to 11% Industrial (12% with redevelopment area) Streets 20% to 26% 13.3% Public 10% to 18% 15.9% SOURCE: Gove Associates Inc.; The Urban Pattern TABLE 1-2 FUTURE LAND USE REQUIREMENTS: CITY OF ST. JOSEPH (Based on Standards & Population Projections) y~~Qge,ih =1· ~:~e : ~~ii:;:;1t1t=1tt:;~~~-~ Acreage_In -~~~a!c~!g~ Residential 889.7 890.9 885.0 887.2 889.7 888.9 -0.8 40.7 Commercial 112.6 112.6 112.6 112.6 112.6 112.6 0.0 5.1 Public 347.1 347.1 347.1 347.1 347.1 347.1 0.0 15.9 Manufacturing 109.0 130.8 152.6 174.4 196.2 218.0 +109.0 10.0 Redevelopment 152.4 152.4 152.4 152.4 152.4 152.4 0.0 7.0 Vacant 199.6 177.6 160.7 136.7 112.4 91.4 -108.2 4.2 Transportation (Streets)* 289.5 289.5 289.5 289.5 289.5 289.5 0.0 13.3 Transportation (Rall) 82.4 82.4 82.4 82.4 82.4 82.4 0.0 3.8 2, 182.3 2, 182.3 2, 182.3 2,182.3 2, 182.3 2, 182.3 0.0 100.0 Land Area *The amount of land required for future streets will Increase proportionally to the land developed. Increases do not appear in this category since each of the increases In land uses for the various categories are net figures - which include streets. SOURCE: Gove Associates Inc. 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN I-3 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ FUTURE LAND USE People, or developers, wishing to build new dwellings will be more likely to locate in St. Joseph if there are areas in which to build. St. Joseph does not have a great deal of suitable land available for future residential development. Since several of this plan's goals relate to developing housing, it is essential to set aside adequate acreage to meet the City's future housing goals. Planning Area #1 currently has 91.4 acres of residential uses. This figure is not expected to significantly change in the future, unless a portion of the redevelopment area is used for residential purposes. No significant residential redevelopment exists or is planned for Planning Area #2. The future land use map shows an additional 86 acres of residential land by 2010. This will account for 44.7 percent of St. Joseph's land area (Table 1-3). Planning Area #3 will remain the area with the most residential acreage (381.8 acres). This figure accounts for 49.2 percent of the planning area's land. Residential areas are located throughout the planning area. The amount of land set aside for future residential use in Planning Area #3 is 17.1 acres more than is presently being used. The amount of land required for commercial development in an area is dependent on several factors such as the area's population, the size of the market area, the quality of available shopping, the availability/ quality of shopping in surrounding areas (competition), and many other factors. While population is a factor in commercial development it does not influence the amount of land required as much as residential development. Between 4.8 and 5.0 percent (Table 1-1) of the "average" urban area's land is devoted towards commercial land uses. Currently there are 112.6 acres of commercial development in St. Joseph, or 5.2 percent of the City's area - slightly higher than the average (Table 1-2). The planning area with the second most future residential acreage is Planning Area #5, with 256. 7 acres. This accounts for 53. 1 percent of the area's land and is a 64.9 acre increase over the existing residential acreage - the largest residential increase of the five planning areas. The residential areas are located throughout Planning Area #5. Planning Area #4, with 245.8 acres of future residential uses, is the area with the highest proportion of residential land uses (59.9%). The amount of land to be reserved for residential uses is only 4.0 acres more than currently exists in the planning area - so very little is expected to change in Planning Area #4 in regards to residential uses. 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Commercial Many businesses are designed to serve the weekend visitor, especially during the summer. With this in mind a figure of 0.2 percent above the average urban area's range is not excessive. Another standard use for judging the amount of land a community can support is cited in The Urban Pattern. The standard indicates that 50 feet of street frontage per 100 persons in the area is adequate. If this rule is followed, St. Joseph has actequate crommercial land available to upport 52,300 pers ns, 1-4 ~ ·~-- "~ --~ .~ �TABLE 1-3 0 FUTURE LAND USE DISTRIBUTION (Based on Future Land Use Plan, Map H-1) (') ~ ~ Vl i{ ::: •:• ;::,:::.} ti• ·•• ):iiAA~frid•• N,~•:1.JU•·t:u• 1::n ;l .... ;:•e.<isting/ft.Jtu" 1: : • ~1t~tif•:· •· ·. 0 Vl tt1 ~ (') 0 ~ ; Vl ~ ~ Residential % of Land Area Commercial % of Land Area Public % of Land Area Redevelopment I o.o 44.7 33.4 +38.0 44.3 5.5 32.9 9.3 0.0 36.9 27.5 + 11 .9 o.o I 42.2 31 .5 0.0 0.0 Transportation (Streets)* % of Land Area 39.6 11.2 % of Land Area I 0.0 0.0 Vacant % of Land Area I ~r4'$ . 27.1 7.7 o.o I o.o I o.ol I o.o I 0.0 ::F~~~hin~Iw;,~1rnN]·::1:;,m:qit/;pt'~TJqsep~/C. · 1 •· •· •· •:•~:~~f I . Existing/Future ; I \~!::1Ji: 1 !• •·• •1: ~j!ii:• • _111•. · •_: :•_ :1: •~-•E>c;lstfn.g/futur\( ·:• ~i:i~:.•. ~s~irig/F1,1ture ;1:1••;••:1•1·: 1 ·_ 0.0 0.0 152.4 43.1 (Rail) 4 :t~!!i•·•·• : • :••••:••11••·•·•:::;• • ·•;: • ·•:•~ -:r._l_n_:::::::•i•! E>dsti11g/f1Jture Acr!!L~isti~g/f:utut!'.; ;•···::::r 0.0 I % of Land Area Transportation l .::. P,liy,ni~g(v~~~;i>-: .•• , •••• ····•· Planhin~~e~f4 91.4 25.9 9.9 2.8 Manufacturing % of Land Area pi~~tiiri~f'.N~~-~~.s.; ·•••• ::_:_t•_.:1111_• 256.7 53.1 +64.9 975.7 44.7 +86.0 +15.6 67.3 13.9 +33.6 199.9 9.1 +87.3 46.0 11 .2 0.0 42.1 8.7 0.0 366.81 16.8 +19.7 3.3 0.8 +0.8 54.7 11.4 +0.2 115.61 5.3 +6.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 I 0.0 0.0 0.0 -20.5 0.0 0.0 -98.7 0.0 58.2 14.2 0.0 57.1 11 .8 0.0 289.5 13.3 0.0 36.5 4.6 0.0 13.5 3.3 0.0 5.3 1.1 0.0 82.4 3.8 0.0 381 .81 49.2 + 17.1 245.81 59.9 +4.0 0.0 43.5 10.6 208.9 26.1 +7.8 +6.3 5.5 0.7 -0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -56.2 0.0 0.0 -24.2 10.2 7.6 0.0 124.5 15.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 o.o 152.4 7.0 -0.0 Total Land Area 353.3 0.0 134.0 0.0 801 .5 o.o 410.3 0.0 483.2 0.0 2,182.3 0.0 Total Area (includes water) 408.1 0.0 195.3 0.0 817.9 0.0 464.7 0.0 483.2 0.0 2,369.2 0.0 *The amount of land required for future streets will increase proportionally to the land developed. Increases do not appear in this category since each of the increases in land uses for the various categories are net figures • which include streets. SOURCE: Gove Associates Inc. I VI -199.6 0.0 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ FUTURE LAND USE or 2r,300 pe sons fa -commercial areas south of Har ison ~venue and 31,000 for areas norfh of arrjson Avenue. Area #'4 cringing tfle to_al ac'fea§e-to 43.5 acres. Most of the new commercial areas will be along the St. Joseph River. The Future Land Use Map (Map 1-1) has an additional 87 .3 acres of commercial land designated throughout the City - to keep pace with the increasing service industry and to allow for an improved tourism and commercial base. In Planning Area # 1 no commercial land is being set aside, unless some form of commercial development occurs in the redevelopment area. Much of the new commercial development (33.6 acres) will occur in Planning Area #5, making it the area with the most commercial development. Much of the existing commercial development in the planning area exists along Niles Road. The new commercial development will occur in the southwest corner of the planning area, along Hawthorne Avenue, Kerth Street and Hilltop Road. The amount of land required for industrial land uses is largely based on the desirability of the area to industries. If a community wishes to attract industries there are certain requirements that need to be met, such as good transportation facilities, quality workers, good infrastructure and land that is ready to be occupied. Planning Area #2, Marina Island, will be the second largest commercial area due to the development of commercial marinas and other marine related activities. An additional 38 acres is being designated to bring the island's commercial area to 44. 7 acres, or 33.4 percent of land. Most of the land is located on the eastern side of the Island, along the St. Joseph River. Planning Area #3 currently has the largest amount of commercial land (44.3 acres), but is not expected to change a great deal in the Mure - since the commercial land uses in the area are already well-established. The commercial land uses in Planning Area #3 are located in or adjacent to St. Joseph's Central Business District. An additional 15.6 acres of land is being designated as commercial in Planning 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Industry Table 1-1 shows that the average urban area's industries occupy between 1O and 11 percent of the area. The City's industrial uses currently occupy only five percent of St. Joseph. If the redevelopment area (which used to be primarily industrial) is included, a total of 12 percent of St. Joseph's land can currently be considered industrial land. In order to increase the amount of industrial land in St. Joseph to 1O percent of the City's area, the amount of land would need to be doubled. The only way to double the amount of industrial land in St. Joseph would be to use a large portion (109 acres) of the redevelopment area. This is possible even though current preliminary plans indicate that once the cleanup of the area is completed the area will be used for less intensive purposes - such as recreation and residential. If the land was dedicated to light industrial or warehouse uses it is I-6 II ~ • -.. ~ --~ ~ ~~ ~ �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ FUTURE LAND USE likely that it would remain vacant for a period of time vntil appropriate businesses locate on the site. Table 1-3 shows an increase of 6.6 acres of industrial land in the Mure - none of which is located in the redevelopment area. Planning Area #5 will have the largest amount of industrial land, with 54. 7 acres, or 11.4 percent of the area's land - no significant change will occur from what currently is located in Planning Area #5. Planning Area #2 (Marina Island) will have a total of 42.2 acres of industrial land, or 31.5 percent of the area's total acreage. This reflects an increase of 6.3 acres of industrial land, the largest increase of any planning area. The planning area with the third largest amount of industrial land is Planning Area #1, which has 9.9 acres of industrial land, or 2.8 percent of the area's land. The redevelopment area is also located in Planning Area # 1, so the potential for increased industrial activity exists. Planning Area #3 and #4 both have small amounts of industrial land uses and are not going to significantly change. Public Land The amount of land required for public facilities is directly related to the population of the community and the level of services offered by the community. Since St. Joseph offers services to nonresidents this accounts for much of the public land, which is still within acceptable ranges. The beaches 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN ~long Lake Michigan and some of the many City parks are a few of the City's amenities that are meant to be enjoyed by both residents and nonresidents. The combination of the beaches in the City and the shops designed for the visitors is the basis of the tourism industry 'for the area. Table 1-1 lists the desired amount of public land to be between 10 and 18 percent - the widest range offered for any of the categories. St. Joseph's figure is 15.9 percent, which is reasonable since the City's figure is near the high end of the range. Table 1-2 shows the amount of public land remaining constant in the future. Table 1-3, which reflects the future land use map, shows an increase of 19.7 acres of public land. Planning Area #3 currently has the largest amount of public land and will continue to into the future. With 208.9 acres designated for various public uses, over 26 percent of the area's land will be used for public uses - an increase of 7.8 acres from existing public use acreage figures. Planning Area #4 has the second largest amount of public land with 46.0 acres, or 11.2 percent of the area's land. This figure will remain the same in the future. Planning Area #5, with 42.1 acres, has the third largest amount of public land. This area will also remain unchanged in regards to public land. An additional 11.9 acres of land on Marina Island (Planning Area #2) are being set aside for public uses - the largest increase of public land of the five planning areas. No changes are planned for Planning District #1. 1-7 �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ FUTURE LAND USE Transportation The amount of land required for future street requirements is directly related to how much development occurs in the City of St. Joseph. Table 1-1 shows that streets generally occupy between 20 to 26 percent of an urban area's land generally the second largest land use. In St. Joseph the streets occupy 13.3 percent of the City's land. This large difference can be attributed to the large areas of land that have no streets crossing them, especially on the north side of the river, Marina Island and the southwestern portions of the City. The ravine area prevents many east-west streets from connecting. Additionally, many areas along the St. Joseph River and Lake Michigan have limited street access. Land required for additional rail transportation is not expected to increase, but would be more likely to decrease. Many spurs in the redevelopment area will most likely be removed especially if the area is going to be used for nonmanufacturing related uses. • • • • • • • •I The fact that St. Joseph's street system is not based on a true grid, but is influenced by natural features is the main reason that streets are not as dominant in St. Joseph as other areas. Table 1-3 shows that o incre se in streets is planned_, but this is not actually true. Since all of the future land use acreages for the various categories are net figures, streets would be included with these figures. To determine an approximate level of additional street acreage, the existing percentage of street acreages for the City (13.3%) has been applied to the vacant land and the redevelopment area. A figure of 46.8 acres is arrived at using this method which would bring the total amount of land required for streets to 336.3 acres, or 15.4 percent of the City's land area. 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN I I-8 • • �CONCLUSION �_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ CONCLUSION In order for this plan to be implemented it will take the continued efforts of the planning Commission: City Commission and staff, as well as the people of St. Joseph. There are others whose cooperation will be necessary, but the overall responsibility for the implementation of the plan lies with the previously listed people. For the plan to be an effective tool, it will be necessary to continuously review the plan to ensure that it continues to reflect the needs of the people. This should be done on a regularly scheduled basis to ensure that the plan is used and does not become outdated before its time. A major review and update should be scheduled for the year 2001, when the Census information from the 2000 Census becomes available. This major review should be used to update population figures and facts as well as to revise projections if necessary. Members of the planning Commission should occasionally review the plan on their own, and treat their copies as an active tool - their plans should become well used and worn - not dusty. New members of the planning Commission should be provided with new copies and should become familiar with the plan. This will ensure a degree of continuity between old members and new members - but it does not mean that new members should not question the plan. If these points are kept in mind, the plan will act as a guide for St. Joseph to follow into the future. 0 CITY OF ST. JOSEPH COMPREHENSIVE PLAN J-1 �APPENDIX A St. Joseph Planning Questionnaire St. Joseph Key Person Survey �ST. JOSEPH PLANNING QUESTIONNAIRE Zoning and land use are critical to the future of St. Joseph. These areas are being evaluated by the City Planning Commission as part of a Master.Plan Update. This questionnaire is one of the early steps. The Planning Commission is asking you to take a few minutes to answer the questions and return the form to City Hall. The form may be dropped off at City Hall, or returned by mail. Thank you for your cooperation and input to the Master Plan for the future of St. Joseph. Your thoughts and opinions are a valuable part of the Master Plan. 1. Are you an adult City resident? (a) __ or/non-resident property owner? (b) _ _ 2. To what age group do you belong? (1) _19-24 (2) _25-34 (3) _35-44 (4) _45-54 (5) _55-64 3. If a City resident, do you own your home? (1) __ Yes (2) __ No 4. Please indicate which category your total family Income fell into last year. (1) Below $14,999 (2) -$15,000-$19,999 (3) $20,000-$24,999 5. (4) $25,000-$29,999 (5) -$30,000-$34,999 (6) $35,000-$39,999 (7) $40,000-$49,999 (8) -$50,000-$74,999 (9) $75,000 Above Which of the following residential types should be encouraged as future development? (Please indicate all desired types) (5) Senior Congregate Housing (6) --Modular Homes --(Prefabricated Single-Family) (6) __Other (Please Explain): _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ (1) Single-Family Residences (2) --Multi-Family (Apartments) (3) --Duplex (Two-Family) (4) -Condominiums 6. (6) _65 and Over Where do you shop and the frequency? # Times/Month (a) Yes No Downtown St. Joseph (b) -Yes-No Other Areas in St. Joseph (c) -Yes -No Niles Area (d) -Yes =No Benton Township # Times/Month (e) Yes No (f) -Yes-No (g)-Yes-No (h) Other South Bend Area Kalamazoo/Grand Rapids South Haven Areas_____________ 7. Are there specific commercial businesses or professional services which you feel are needed in St. Joseph? 8. How do you feel the older manufacturing areas should be redeveloped in the future? (Answer all appropriate) (1) Residential (2) --Commercial (3) Public (4) --Business/ Industry (5) __ Recreation/Open Space 9. · Is there a particular type of recreational activity which you would like to see developed in St. Joseph? �ISSUE IDENTIFICATION: 10. Indicate your Impressions of the following facilities/services/areas and what level of attention they need to make St. Joseph a better community in the future? (a) Housing Conditions (b) Library Facilities (c) Recreational Facilities (d) Bicycle Path Development (e) School Facilities (f) Fire Protection Facilities (g) Police Facilities (h) Traffic Flow (i) Sidewalk Access 0) Neighborhood Parks (k) Snow Removal (I) Downtown District (m) Mercy Memorial Med. Ctr. (n) Ausco Property Redevel. (o) Tourism (p) Family Orientation (q) YWCA (r) Churches (s) Waterfront Areas (t) Marinas (u) Livability of City (v) Tax Base (w) Semi-Public Uses (x) Overall Appearance (y) Other (Please specify) : Current Condition/Situation {1) Good {2) Average {1)-Good {2)-Average {1 )-Good (2)-Average (1 )-Good (2)-Average {1)-Good (2)-Average (1)-Good (2)-Average {1 )-Good (2)-Average {1 )-Good {2)-Average {1 )-Good {2)-Average {1)-Good {2)-Average {1 )-Good {2)-Average (1 )-Good (2)-Average (1 )-Good (2)-Average {1 )-Good {2)-Average {1 )-Good (2)-Average {1 )-Good (2)-Average (1 )-Good (2)-Average {1 )-Good (2)-Average (1 )-Good (2)-Average (1 )-Good {2)-Average (1 )-Good (2)-Average (1)-Good {2)-Average (1 )-Good (2)-Average (1)_Good (2) Average {3) Fair (3)-Fair {3)-Fair {3)-Fair (3)-Fair {3)-Fair (3)-Fair (3)-Fair {3)-Fair (3)-Fair (3)-Fair (3)-Fair (3)-Fair {3)-Fair {3)-Fair (3)-Fair {3)-Fair (3)-Fair {3)-Fair (3)-Fair (3)-Fair (3)-Fair {3)-Fair (3)=Falr 11. Future {1) High {1 )-High (1 )-High (1 )-High {1 )-High (1)-High (1 )-High {1 )-High {1)-Hlgh (1)-High (1 )-High (1)-High (1)-High (1)-High {1 )-High (1 )-High {1 )-High (1 )-High (1 )-High {1 )-High (1 )-High {1 )-High (1)-High (1)=High Attention {2) Average {2)-Average {2)-Average (2)-Average {2)-Average (2)-Average {2)-Average {2)-Average {2)-Average {2)-Average (2)-Average {2)-Average {2)-Average {2)-Average (2)-Average (2)-Average {2)-Average (2)-Average (2)-Average {2)-Average {2)-Average {2)-Average (2)-Average (2) Average (3) Low {3)-Low {3)-Low {3)-Low {3)-Low (3)-Low {3)-Low {3)-Low (3)-Low (3)-Low {3)-Low (3)-Low {3)-Low {3)-Low (3)-Low (3)-Low (3)-Low {3)-Low {3)-Low (3)-Low (3)-Low (3)-Low (3)-Low (3) Low COMMENTS: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I I I I • • • • • • • • • •II "~ Ill 1111 �Name Date St. Joseph Master Plan Key Person Survey 1. What are trends in the St. Joseph Area over the last 5 to 1O years dealing with economic, physical development, public policy, political/socialjneighborhood climate? 2. Identify major current development and planning issues, problems and opportunities in St. Joseph. 3. Identify emerging or future opportunities or problems for St. Joseph. �4. Who are local leaders that could accomplish or restrict the future of St. Joseph (city, county, neighborhood, business, planning commission)? I I ,. I I 5. What do you think should be the product or benefit of an updated St. Joseph Master Plan? 6. Identify data, information or reports that we could use in the Master Plan process or local people with which you believe we should talk. • • • • • • • • "" " � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context St-Joseph_Comprehensive-Plan_1993 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gove Associates, Inc. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1993-02 Title A name given to the resource Comprehensive Plan Description An account of the resource The Comprehensive Plan for the City of St. Joseph was prepared by Gove Associates, Inc. in February 1993. Subject The topic of the resource Comprehensive plan publications St. Joseph (Mich.) Berrien County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1546221d6280c1ff1f184d8a9cb89286.mp4 1aa9a175ac723cb2ae10da21cba6ec45 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8d97f229b10dbb9c1d55bd4866d747fe.pdf d363ac532d1d332016774b4350737375 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Iraq War Michael Gower Length of Interview (00:11:54) Background: (0:00:22)  Born in Kalamazoo, Michigan  Four sisters, one brother  Was in school before entering the service  Enlisted, was not drafted  Joined the Army Enlistment: (0:01:58)  Basic training was at Fort Benning , Georgia o Break you down as a civilian, and into a soldier o Marksmanship, etc.  Rations are small, but very high in protein in Basic  After Basic training, you can go anywhere  Served in Iraq  Served in the First Stryker Brigade o Describes a Stryker (00:04:28) o First to go into Iraq with the Strykers o Large success, and the Army put more money into the equipment  Talks about more of the horrific scenes he saw (00:06:14) o Children getting torn to shreds by mortars o Insurgents  Made friends while over in Iraq o Interpreter is one of them  Was deployed twice  Had a difficult time communicating, mostly by letter at first, and then phones sometimes  Second deployment, by telephone and internet  Returned home August 2nd, 2007 o Vehicle hit by an improvised explosive and killed three of his squad and dismembered a few other squad members. o Was injured turning the explosive, and was discharged medically  Was difficult to readjust to civilian life  Stays in touch with his friends over Facebook and Together We Serve, and through phone calls After the Service: (00:11:48)  Learned that life is short � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower, Michael (Interview outline and video), 2009 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gower, Michael Description An account of the resource Michael Gower was born in Kalamazoo, Michigan, and served with the Army in the Iraq War. He served in the First Stryker Brigade to enter Iraq, and was deployed twice. He was discharged for medical reasons on August 2nd, 2007 after being injured in an explosion that killed three of his squad members and injured several more. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Bailey, Anna (Interviewer) Luyk, Veronica (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings United States. Army Iraq War, 2003-2011--Personal narratives, American Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009-11-04 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GowerM0317V Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e5c7828ce1a696523b713626acf4aa68.mp4 877a6b6629c0e156dfd2c618ef05dec8 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1475082bd5486544da6201a6aa2cc56a.pdf a4485d905b910331c5512cae3c667e93 PDF Text Text Grace, Matthew Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Name of War: Afghanistan War Interviewee’s Name: Matthew Grace Length of Interview: (2:03:26) Interviewed by: James Smither Transcribed by: Lyndsay Curatolo Interviewer: “We’re talking today with Matt Grace of Muskegon, Michigan and the interviewer is James Smither of the Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project. Matt, start us off with some background on yourself and to begin with, where and when were you born?” [I] was born in Muskegon, Michigan, November 5, 1988. Interviewer: “Did you grow up in Muskegon?” Yeah. [I] spent my entire life there. Went to Mona Shores High School and graduated in ‘07. Interviewer: “What did your family do for a living when you were growing up?” Well, both of my parents were originally doctors–– met in med school. Till I was about four, they both worked and then around four or five, when my brother came about, my mom kind of quit and stayed home with the kids. Dad’s still working. Interviewer: “Now, let’s see. You were born in ‘88–– 2001, September 11–– you weren’t quite 13. What do you remember about 9/11?” I was in sixth or seventh grade–– I wanna say seventh grade, but I might be wrong with that. I don’t remember exactly, like, when I heard the Trade Centers went down. I remember when the Pentagon was hit. At that point in time, I didn’t know what the Trade Centers were. I probably heard about it, [but] it didn’t register any kind of significance. Interviewer: “Did they do anything at your school or you just kept on with the rest of your day?” �I think we kept on with the rest of our day. I remember being in, like, band class or whatever and hearing that the Pentagon was hit. I was a little stupid asshole–– excuse me–– but I’m like, “Oh yeah. Down with the government.” or some stupid stuff. Interviewer: “Well, you get to do that when you’re twelve.” Yeah. And of course I didn’t know the significance. Then, of course, later on in the day when I get home, I turn on the TV and it’s all that everyone is watching and everything like that. (2:14). Interviewer: “Now, after that happens, did you pay much attention to the news after that? Or, ignore it for a while?” Yeah. I always was a pretty–– I guess–– informed kid, as much as a middle schooler/high schooler could be, I guess. I think it had to do with all of my friends being of the exact opposite political background as me, so any time any discussion of politics came up, I would have to be really informed to counter their arguments and stuff. I would go on to like Fox News, or wherever, and read articles that piqued my fancy–– which usually the military wants, so I kind of kept up with the war in general and everything. Interviewer: “And then, at what point did you start thinking about going into the service yourself?” Oh, that was always the plan or whatever. I mean, I can’t even tell you–– my earliest memories are like in the backyard with my next door neighbor playing “war” or whatever. Like, it’s not unusual for a kid to own a G.I. Joe–– [it] might be unusual for a kid to have a G.I. Joe of General Patton or whatever. So, that was me. It was always the plan–– I didn’t know exactly what branch I would want to go into or exactly if I was going to go to college first, or what I was going to do, but that was always a part of the plan. Like I said, one of my earliest memories is with my neighbor–– an older couple that would watch me–– and they would show me Gary Cooper or Cary Grant in old Alvin York films. I remember watching that and my grandfather also showed me Midway with Charlton Heston and Battle of the Bulge movie, all of that. I couldn’t get enough of that. I read books and everything. It was just a constant fascination. It was like go to college and join the Army, or vice versa. (4:44). Interviewer: “So when did you finish high school?” I guess that would be May of 2007. Interviewer: “And then how quickly did you enlist after that, or had you already?” �I enlisted right after that. I had talked to recruiters the previous November or whatever and I kept in touch. [I] enlisted in August and like a week/week-and-a-half later I shipped out to Benning. Interviewer: “Fort Benning, Georgia for basic training?” Yeah. Interviewer: “Which branch did you choose and why?” Not exactly a logical choice, but I knew I always wanted to fight and everything like that, so it kind of narrows it down to Marine Corps or Army. And I think I just kind of decided on it because Band of Brothers recently came out and I watched all that, so it was like, “I wanna go airborne” and everything like that. So, that was it. And I also watched Blackhawk Down and I was like, “I’ll go Army Rangers” or something. Of course, I don’t know how ignorant that was. (6:01). Interviewer: “So, it wasn’t so much what the recruiters had to say or what kind of things they were offering you, it was more of the idea in your own head––” Yeah. Interviewer: “–– of how you saw yourself. Okay, so you enlist in the Army, they pack you off to Fort Benning, Georgia. What kind of reception do you get when you arrive?” Well, when you first arrive–– [it’s] late at night. Spent a week in this place called 30th AG–– I believe it’s kind of the reception there where you get to spend a week going through, getting some shots, doing all kinds of paperwork. They keep you up for the first 24-36 hours and mainly you’re just sitting in one room, doing absolutely nothing. But, at that point in time, you’re not actually in with the drill sergeants–– they’re just kind of soldiers that are pushing you through. They’re jerks and everything like that because you’re day one–– not even a day one Private yet. But, I mean, they’re not yelling in your face or anything, at that point in time. You go through the mess hall and everything and it’s a normal Army depot–– it’s not the basic training food. I was thinking, “Okay, so far this isn’t too bad. I can handle this.” Then, after that week, right before they pick us up, they come by and they say, “We call your name, file out to the right. You are going to be eleven charlies. Mortar men.” I’m like, “I don’t want to be a mortar man. I signed up to be infantry.” They’re like, “Yeah, you’re infantry but you’re also a mortar man.” I’m like, “Don’t call my name. Don’t call my name.” He’s like, my name–– or my serial number, whatever it was. I don’t remember exactly what it was, but I was called. They filed us up and I didn’t really know too much about what it was to be a mortar man, but everyone in that group was sent off and they were all mortar men, and that is what our basic training class was. �Interviewer: “To back up a little bit, at what point did you do testing for aptitude and that sort? Was that before you got there or after you got there?” Are you talking about the ASVAB? Interviewer: “Yeah.” I think shortly after I first talked to the recruiter in the November past. I wanna say it was a month or two. It was shortly after that I took it. (8:24). Interviewer: “So, was there any additional testing after you got to Fort Benning or just other kinds of paperwork?” Just paperwork. Not aptitude or anything like that. Interviewer: “Then, your preference had been infantry anyway, so it wasn’t like you were shopping for a particular school.” No. I wanted to like–– I still had that fantasized image in my mind where it was like I wanted to go airborne, I wanted to do Ranger. Kind of like lots of young, naive people think–– they’re like, “Everyone can do that,” or “ I’m special, I can do that.” And, I mean, when I first signed up, I went in as an 11X, which is like they can put you as an 11 Bravo or an 11 Charlie–– infantry [or] infantry warman. I asked my recruiter, “What’s 11X? I thought I wanted to do 11 Bravo.” He’s like–– I think this is the one lie he told me–– he’s like, “That just means they can, later on, go to Special Forces or airborne” or something like that. I’m like, “Oh, okay.” Interviewer: “So, you’ve been assigned, you join your company. Now, what’s the actual training like?” Well, all basic training is, it’s like they say–– the bare basics. When you actually, finally, first get to your unit you don’t know jack-shit or whatever, and it’s pretty much up to the guys there–– the Specialists, the level NCOs–– to teach you up on that. Basic training is just of the bare, basic familiarizations. It’s more, mainly, just to instill that discipline in you that makes it so you can function when you eventually get to your unit. (10:12). Interviewer: “How did they go about instilling discipline?” Well, just constantly yelling at you, smoking you–– physical punishment, push-ups or whatever exercises they can instill in you. I think one of the main things, looking back, is one of the things the movies get wrong–– I mean, I love Full Metal Jacket. It’s right there. It’s a lot like that kind �of experience except the drill sergeants aren’t beating us. But, one thing they get wrong is at the start they show a Private mess up [and] it’s like, “Drop and give me 50,” or “100.” No one ever told me to drop and give any number or anything like that. No one ever told me–– well, maybe one-on-one, if it was just me and a drill sergeant–– 90 percent of the time it’s everyone drops and you’re going to do push-ups until [they] get bored–– or alternate exercises just to continue to mess with you. I remember one time, the drill sergeant told us to drop for a reason and stay in a push-up position and he kind of walked out. He comes back three hours later and he sees us in the barracks [like], “What the fuck did you guys do?” I’m like, “Drill sergeant, you told us to do push-ups.” He was like, “That was three hours ago. I went to Taco Bell. Get up.” That’s kind of the constant thing–– a small fraction. It’s all kind of a game. I thought your job is to make sure you don’t do anything wrong and it’s the drill sergeant’s job to find what’s wrong. Well, the problem is, you don’t know all of the rules of the game yet. They do. So, that’s pretty much the gist of it. (12:16). Interviewer: “And then what sort of physical training do they do at that point?” I mean, you wake up in the morning and for the first three weeks–– during the red phase–– it was 4:30a.m. or 5:30a.m. or something like that. Do like an hour-and-half of PT or something. It varied. Sometimes you’d go on a run or they’d have you do some kind of circuit training where you’d run 100 meters with someone on your back. Then, there would be like some monkey bars, you’d do that. Then you’d have to carry this water jug somewhere–– I don’t know. It was all kinds of things, I mean. Apparently they’ve–– kind of–– “wussied” up the training from what I hear nowadays where they have this PRT crap that–– I don’t know. But, back then, it was just whatever they could think of. Then, the rest of the day you’d go off and you’d do whatever actual “learning” that you were doing, whether it would be on a weapons system or medical care or land-navigation, or whatever. Then, of course, throughout this whole time the drill sergeants are still buzzing around, trying to look for anything that is wrong. And they’re smoking you throughout the day and stuff like that. Interviewer: “How well did you hold up through this–– mentally and physically?” I think very well actually. Not to say that it wasn’t stressful, it was one of the hardest experiences of my life and everything like that. But, I mean, looking at some other guys trying to go AWOL or cried or something like that. I mean, it was stressful but I never got to that point. And physically, I went in and I was kind of on the more pudgy side. I wasn’t obese or anything like that, but I was definitely kind of husky, or something like that. I don’t know. So, I was towards the bottom third of my class, but before I went in I talked to a veteran and he told me [that] you get out what you put in. So, I kind of took that to heart. I mean, instead of like–– as you go along you learn ways to slack off–– to a degree. It’s kind of required because you can’t do push-ups for three hours straight. You have to find ways [like] when the drill sergeant isn’t looking, you go �down on your belly. But, I tried my best and did it as long as I possibly could. So, I started off at a low point, but at the end of basic my platoon out of 53 or like 56 people–– it varied when people went AWOL or went to a different platoon–– by that time we were done, I was like third or fourth on the PT scale in my platoon. I think I graduated with a 296 PT score out of 300–– though, there are certain ways you can go above 300, but there were only three or four people that got a better score than me. So, I did very well in that aspect. (15:33). Interviewer: “And did you understand why they were doing the things they were doing, especially with messing with your head and just trying to get you to automatically follow orders? They talked about breaking down and building back up. I mean, did you have any sense that that’s what they were doing, or were you just trying to survive?” I think it’s more, at that point, you’re just trying to survive. I wasn’t standing there going, “Why are they doing this to me?” But, I wasn’t trying to philosophically get inside their heads at that point in time and dissect their motives. It was just I gotta do this, this way, or we’re all gonna pay for it. Interviewer: “And that whole business with making the whole unit responsible is a way of enforcing discipline without them directly doing it. If there’s some guy who screws up all of the time, was the idea that the rest of you would make him clean up his act?” Not necessarily that, I think it’s more of a guilt-trip than anything else because it was never–– yeah, it was just a guilt trip at that point in time. I mean, there were points in time where it did fall on everyone. For example, we had this one kid that right off the bat said, “I don’t wanna be here. I’m going to go AWOL.” He tried to go AWOL–– twice. And after that, we had to have like six people around him at any given time–– like no more than three feet away. The problem with that is, when it comes to nighttime, you have fireguard. You have two guys on fireguard, and then you might have two guys on CQ, and then you might have another two guys on staff duty. And you kind of have to rotate those people in-and-out every hour–– the guard. The more people you have out there, the more people you have losing their sleep and so, to have six extra people out there, it falls on this kid. At this point in time, he’s refusing to train and everything like that, but they’re not sending him home yet. Unfortunately, his bunk was right next to mine so I would go to sleep and there were people with chairs sitting around him. I mean, he’d like cry at night and like they would–– I mean, people were pissed at this kid, understandably, I think. But, they’d whisper to him the whole night, “You piece of shit” and everything–– and like spit on him or something like that. No one ever beat him or anything like that. There was only one time where they actually came to blows. (18:15). There was this one kid, apparently he was causing trouble in another platoon, and my drill sergeant–– I don’t know if it’s because he’s senior or had a Special Forces tab or what–– but they’re like, “We’ll send him to this platoon. Maybe they’ll shape him up.” Well, he was literally there for a day. At some point in time, he �decided, “I’m not doing this. This is bullshit” or whatever. He thought he was some kind of gangster and hard kind of guy. [He’s] like, “I’ve seen some stuff.” My drill sergeant was like, “Shut up.” But, during that day he said, “I’m not training anymore. I’m done with this.” My drill sergeant was like, “Fine. Whatever.” And we’re going through chow and he’s in the line and the drill sergeant is like, “Oh no. You go to the back of the line. These guys have been training all day. You don’t get your food until everyone else has.” And he’s like, “Screw you” and throws his tray down at the drill sergeants feet and by the time we get back to the barracks, everyone is towing the line around the bay area of our barracks room and the drill sergeant is yelling like, “You’re going to watch this motherfucker get his stuff. He’s gonna walk out of here and never be seen again” or something like that. And he starts walking towards the back door of the barracks– – we’re not really allowed to go out the front, that’s where the drill sergeants come in–– and he’s like, “Yeah. You better use that back door” for some reason. As soon as he says that, the kid stops and turns around and tries to go out the front door. And our drill sergeant is like, “Second Platoon, are you going to let this guy walk out the front door of your barracks?” And we are like, “What does he want us to do?” Because the drill sergeants were very insistent from the start, like “You guys better not fight on my watch. I don’t want to deal with that paperwork. You better not go AWOL on my watch. I don’t want to deal with that paperwork.” So, they always told us not to fuck with each other because they didn’t want to do the paperwork and get in trouble. But the drill sergeant–– this kid keeps walking–– [like], “Second Platoon, are you going to let him walk out?” So we all start moseying into the kill zone–– the center of our bay–– and we’re like, “Come on man, go back out the back door.” And I actually stepped in front of him and I’m like, “Hey man, go that way.” (20:40). And as soon as I say that, he begins to raise his fist and as soon as that happens, ten guys just jump him. It’s like this giant pig pile in the center of the room. Eventually, the drill sergeant comes in and starts pulling people off and he gets him in this weird leg-lock thing and starts applying a little bit of pressure and the guy is just screaming, “Drill Sergeant. You’re going to break my leg.” He’s like, “You wanna fuck with me and everything like that? You wanna disrespect all of us here?” He’s like, “Drill sergeant, let me go.” He’s like, “Just say you’re a bitch” or whatever and he’s like, “I’m a bitch drill sergeant.” This guy who’s acting all hard. Eventually, they let him go and he was gone the next day. (21:37). Interviewer: “The other fella who didn’t want to be there–– did they eventually move him out of the unit?” Not while I was there. He was there throughout the whole time. Interviewer: “So, that’s an adventure so far. Now, how long did basic training last?” I believe day one or zero was August 30th–– I remember that because I was disappointed it wasn’t September 1st because I thought it would be kind of cool that the anniversary of when �World War II started [unintelligible]. And then we graduated on–– but I was satisfied because I got to graduate on December 7th. So, three months, give or take a little bit. Interviewer: “What did they do with you after that?” After that we got to go home for hometown recruiting and Christmas exodus, so it was like three weeks off where we got to go work for the recruiter for a week or two–– because we were doing that it wouldn’t count against our leave [or] when we could be home or anything like that. At that point in time, we’d just show up and the recruiter would be like, “Go hand out these flyers. See if you can put up these flyers” in local businesses or wherever. We’d knock that out in an hour and we’d just blow it off for the rest of the day. It was recruiters, I mean. They understood. They were like, “We don’t really care that much about these guys. Just let them do their thing.” Then after that, I think it was the first week of January I had to report to my first unit. (23:19). Interviewer: “And where was that based?” Fort Lewis, Washington. Interviewer: “And what unit were you joining?” A Squadron, 1st Cavalry Regiment, 5th Brigade, 2nd ID. Interviewer: “So that's Second Infantry Division?” Yes. Interviewer: “The acronyms, we wanna make sure people are following. The person who is writing the outline for you.” Yeah. Alpha Troop and that whole mix of acronyms and stuff. Interviewer: “So, you’re with the unit. Now, the Cavalry units had certainly changed a lot over time in terms of how they’re equipped and what their missions are. At times, they’re more like an Armored Division, sometimes like Infantry. Other times, they’ve been airborne. How was the division set up? Or, were you just in a regular line Infantry unit–– or did they have special equipment or jobs?” Washington is a Stryker base, so we were Stryker vehicles. At this point in time, Cav Scouts, they’re just doing–– I would never tell them, they’re just doing the Infantry’s job. They would deny it vehemently because there’s this kind of rivalry, but, in a sense, they’re doing that same �thing. I won’t say that they’re as good as Infantry and everything like that, which I don’t think they’re as disciplined enough. But, they’re pretty much doing that thing. And then they do practice–– like the Strykers, they do have some big, old optical thing that they have mounted on top that can do their scouting and zoom in like a million times, or something like that. But, for the most part, they’re just doing, kind of, Infantry stuff. However, [it’s] just that their units are smaller and organized a little different. (25:06). Interviewer: “And then the Stryker vehicles themselves, describe those. What are you using them for?” Like, an actual, physical description of them? Interviewer: “Yeah.” Oh. I guess, if you want to picture it, it’s a giant, green brick with six/eight wheels or something like that. Then, the very front is sloped. Then the back drops down which let’s everyone go in and out. The Infantry model and the Scout model are pretty much, almost the exact same. I think there’s some slight differences. Then there’s like one with an actual 105 cannon mounted on top, and I think there are a couple other ones. But I–– being a mortarman–– we had the mortar variant. I forget the acronym for it, but you have an actual mortar mounted in the back of that. And at the top of it, it springs open–– it pushes open–– and it goes pretty much like this and the cannon raises out of the back and it’s on a turntable and you can rotate it all the way around. I believe the acronym for the actual cannon is RMS6-L. It’s a 120 millimeter mortar system and it can reach out and touch 6,700 meters, which is slightly less than the ground mounted system. You don’t get quite as much bang for your buck because it has a recoil system on it. Interviewer: “Well, 120 is still a good sized mortar and it can shoot a couple of miles.” Yeah. Interviewer: “So, that’s a really substantial weapon in and of itself. So, you get to Fort Lewis. At this point, was the unit preparing to go anyplace or had they been anywhere? Or were you just all in the base?” When I arrived, the 5th Brigade had just been stood up. I don’t know how long, but maybe a year or so ago. It is still pretty new. Like the deployment is not on the horizon at this point in time. I mean, we know we’re going somewhere eventually. That’s the reality of the Army–– everyone knows that you’re going to go somewhere. I think we eventually got word that we were going to Iraq and each platoon had to send off one guy to Arabic school, and you just kind of disappeared from the platoon completely for the next year. (27:54). We didn’t actually learn that we were �going to Afghanistan until we reached the National Training Center–– NTC. Like every combat brigade, before they deploy, they have to go to JRTC which is in Louisiana–– Fort Polk–– or NTC which is in Fort Irwin in California–– whatever geography they use [to] break it down. Pretty much, you just go to this place for a month and you run through some training and then you get done and they’re like, “You’re certified. You can go deploy.” Well, we thought we were going to Iraq this whole time, we finally got there and they’re like, “Oh no, you’re going to Afghanistan.” So, what you’ve been training for is not quite right. And like, “Oh yeah. That guy we took away from your platoon, who now knows Arabic, he can’t use that in Afghanistan. They speak Pashto.” Interviewer: “How long did you spend at Fort Lewis?” So, I got there–– I guess that would’ve been–– January of ‘08 and we finally deployed in July of ‘09. Then, we spent a year there, came back in July of the following year, and I left in October. (29:22). Interviewer: “How did you spend your time when you were based at Fort Lewis?” Well, my first year there–– at one point in time–– calculated it out and figured out that my first year in, we spent five months out of that year in the field. I don’t remember if NTC was a part of that equation or not, but that might’ve came to mind the following year. But, yeah. I couldn’t believe it. I calculated it out with all these trips up to the Yakima Training Center, which is like three hours by car, five hours by Stryker–– up in Washington. And it’s just wide open desert. Units from Fort Lewis will often go to train. It has a lot more room, whereas Fort Lewis is a lot more congested. Sometimes we’d just go out for a weekend on Fort Lewis for a border shoot or whatever, like that. But then we’d have troop, squadron, brigade level exercises, in which case we’d go out to Yakima for a week, two weeks at a time. Eventually, that adds up. That first year, I think, was the most I’d ever spent in the field at one point in time. I think it’s probably safe to say, on average, you’re looking at a minimum of two months out of the year doing some kind of field problem. Then if you have NCT or JRTC that’s another month on top of that. Of course, it varies between units and you can spend a lot more time. But, we’d go out there. Our First Sergeant had some weird grudge against [unintelligible] mortars or whatever. So, a lot of the time we’d get some of the shittier, heavier details and stuff like that. Most of the guys in the unit had been to Iraq and they really hadn’t used mortars to the extent that the guys that had been to Afghanistan had. Like my platoon’s Sergeant, he had been an Afghan vet so he was there. They shot a ton and everything like that. He was like, “These guys don’t know how to use us.” I don’t know. There was some kind of resentment there. (31:56). Interviewer: “How did they treat new people coming into the unit?” �It varies between platoon and platoon. My first platoon, it was great and everything like that. I didn’t have any problems with anyone–– maybe one of my sergeants. I think it was like a group of 12 or 15 guys. More platoon–– at least in the Cav world–– are a lot smaller. So, I mean, there was a little bit of hazing–– made me do push-ups for no reason or something like that. But, at the same time, there was my platoon sergeant, who, when he first got to the units–– like everyone else, slightly before us–– he came in and was only a Specialist at the time. And, in order to, like, fill out the whole–– they needed more NCOs in our little tiny platoon. So, they gave him Corporal and they tried to fast track him to E5, then E6 and everything like that–– so there’s that. (33:05). Everyone else is just Privates who got to the unit two/three months before me. And I think there was one other Specialist. There wasn’t like a ton of people to haze you. And our platoon sergeant really took on a father-figure persona and since all the other Cavs treated us shitty, there was a lot more camaraderie in our little crew–– who I remember trying to look out for each other. I think I was naturally a nice, young, naive guy, not hardened and resentful like I am now after everything. So, I got along with everyone and our platoon Sergeant was very much into platoon activities. We would go bowling together and stuff, like watch UFC fights. So, there wasn’t really anyone there to mess with me that much. (34:10). Interviewer: “You don’t really have a big divide between the experienced guys and the new guys because so many people were new.” Exactly. Interviewer: “Also, you’re talking here about Scouts versus mortars. Now, was the company a Scout company or the whole battalion? What does it actually mean to be a Cavalry Scout?” Well, I mean the brigade–– it seems the way that most brigades are organized, you have two or three infantry battalions in a brigade. Then, you’ll have a fuel artillery–– a battery is a company for them. Interviewer: “So a battalion would be standard.” Yeah. You would have like a few battalions of infantry, a battalion of artillery, and then you’d have a support battalion, and then a Scout squadron which is roughly the size of a battalion–– a little bit smaller. And then that breaks down into troops–– platoons–– so pretty much, we worked with me being part of a Cav squadron, we’re just infantry in the whole Cav world. Like, 11Charlie’s are always like the red-headed step-child of the Army because you’re in an infantry battalion. Your company is broken down into three platoons of regular 11-Bravo’s and then you’re going to have one platoon of 11-Charlie. They are always just that “add on.” It’s the same thing in the Cav world, except you’re one more step removed because you’re infantry and you’re �not Cav. I mean, you don’t even have that kind of thing. So, yeah. You kind of have a little bit of rivalry and disconnect from them. I mean, not to say that it’s some complete animosity where you’re butting heads all the time, but, you know, friendly kind of rivalries. You do, kind of, get to know and make friends outside of your platoon. (36:16). Interviewer: “Now, when you were on the base–– so the time you’re not in the field, you’re on the base at Fort Lewis–– are there other kinds of exercises or routine jobs you have? What happens there?” I mean, you have your daily things. You start your day, you do PT and everything for an hour/hour-and-a-half. I think when I first got there it was 6:30 to 7:30 and then they extended it to 8:00. Then, depending on what’s going on–– if you’re just coming back from the field, you’re just cleaning weapons all day. If it’s Monday, you’re going down to the motor pool and doing maintenance on your Strykers and everything like that. And then that can extend into other days of the week too, depending on if something needs to be done or whatever is going on. Or, some days you might be doing inventory. It all depends on what needs to be done right now. I wouldn’t say there’s a routine, but certain things you can expect to do. You’re going to be doing lots of layouts and inventory. You’re going to be spending lots of time in the motor pool cleaning weapons. Then, at the end of every day you have a certain area to clean. And that was kind of your day. And then, throughout that process–– I mean, some days you spend the entire time down in the motor pool or you spend the entire day doing inventory, but then a lot of the times you would do an hour or so of that, or maybe none at all that day. In which case, your leadership will try and teach you something whether it be land navigation, or have a class on doing the radio, or set up a glass house where you take some–– they call it engineer tape–– which is kind of a cloth and you make an outline of a room and you practice clearing rooms and everything like that. Sometimes we’d go down to the motor pool and we would throw up the back of our Stryker and practice manual gunning where, instead of using the digital system, you slap on an actual, legit mortar site and you actually try–– and were able to, depending on the position of the Stryker–– line up and actually run out poles, which with the mortar you’re supposed to adjust off of when you’re aiming and everything like that. But, most of the time, Strykers aren’t in the position so you’re trying to adjust off of the metal fences in the distance or stuff like that. So, the leaders just find different classes you can teach and everything like that. (39:15). Interviewer: “Okay, they keep you busy. Now, do you get time to go off base?” Well, yeah. It’s one of the things that people don’t really understand about soldiers. Like, every time I would come home my family was like, “So do you ever get any time to go do things on your own?” I’m like, “Yeah.” We’d get done with work at five o’clock or whatever it would be, and you’d be free. Unless you had CQ or staff duty or you have some kind of extra detail–– or you’re out in the field, of course–– but most of the time, as soon as you get off work, you’re “off �work.” You can have a car, you can go to town [and] do whatever you want, go to the bar. At that point in time, I really kept myself on base. I was a shy guy and I didn’t drink at that point in time. So, but yeah. You can go and do whatever you want. Interviewer: “So, you’re there for over a year basically and eventually, you are kind of gearing up with the idea that sooner or later you are going to go to Iraq. And then they send you off to the training center. Which one did you go to?” [I] went to the National Training Center which is in Fort Irwin. I forgot what JRTC stands for–– Joint Training Center or something like that which is in Fort Polk. I went there after my second unit. (40:45). Interviewer: “What do they do in that month of preparation?” I think for the first week you get down there and you're spending most of the time trying to unpack all your gear that you originally had to load up onto conexes and put on trains and stuff like that–– along with your Strykers. Which, that’s one thing that is different from NTC to JRTC–– which I think might be one of the reasons we went there actually. Now that I think about it, NTC, Fort Irwin out in the middle of the desert in California. JRTC you’re kind of in the middle of swamps, so you can’t really have Strykers rolling around. So, you had to unload that pretty much for the first week. You have to draw a “mod” of equipment which is kind of the “laser-tag” crap that you put all your weapons and vehicles and everything that never works. But, you put all of that on, you go out into “the Box” for two weeks in which case, each unit, depending on what your job is, you might have a battalion occupying this area and a troop occupying a FOB here. They have the unit that actually is stationed at Fort Irwin designated as the OPFOR–– the opposing force–– in which case they run around and they attack you and everything like that. So, just that kind of training. (42:18). For most of my time there they just kind of disregarded all the 11-Charlie’s and everything. We pretty much sat there, pulling guard in the middle of nowhere. But, I think that it might also be a reflection on NTC. I hear the experiences that people get there–– people I have talked to–– they’re usually a lot worse. A lot less useful than the JRTC in Fort Polk. There’s a lot more sitting around and doing nothing and everything like that. I don’t know. I personally think the whole thing is a waste of money. The Army could probably organize it better, or just have some other unit out in Fort Lewis play opposing force for a couple of weeks or something like that. Yeah, it was kind of pointless. I think I heard that it cost 25 million to send our brigade down there–– or 50 million, or something like that. Which, I mean, could be completely hearsay and everything like that. I heard just because they have to have extra engines lying around in case our Strykers breakdown and stuff like that. And then we did have one day–– a couple days–– where we did mortar shoot. I think my platoon, if I remember correctly, went down a week before everyone else because we were supposed to take this class about how to search houses and everything like that–– which is �actually kind of fun. You go into a house and as soon as you get an inkling that they’re hiding something, you throw everything and just take their drawers and chuck them everywhere. It was actually pretty cool because they had actual Middle Eastern actors there and they had a mock-up village that was pretty decently realistic and everything like that. It was a nice little fun game trying to find their hiding holes. I ended up falling into a hole in one of the houses–– twice. Same hole, same house, same time. (44:27). Interviewer: “Aside from that, was there anything else that was cleared geared for Afghanistan?” Our whole training was kind of focused on the idea that we’re going to the Middle East and focusing [on] we’re going to be finding an insurgent guerilla force who is going to be using ambush and IED tactics. So, I mean, there are big differences between the two countries, but at the same time, the tactics are kind of the same. If I was an actual higher-up and looking at the thing, I would not take that approach of like, “Oh, they’re the same thing.” But, I mean, it’s the same legit training and everything like that. I don’t know exactly what they could’ve done differently that much–– at least on my level as a lowly Private. Eventually, one of my last days at NTC I got promoted to Specialist, but besides that I don’t know what more they could’ve done. Interviewer: “Now, after this though, how do they get you out to Afghanistan?” Well, we come back and we have a couple weeks of block leave beforehand–– a couple of months beforehand. You start packing everything up, put them on the railroad cars, you send them off. They ship all the Strykers over on boat. I believe they originally shipped them from the States to Diego Garcia, and we actually had to have some guys volunteer to go out to Diego Garcia and Afghanistan–– the AVANT Force to help unload the Strykers at Diego Garcia. Put them on planes, get them to Afghanistan, and unload them. So, send all that out beforehand (46:45).. We started doing some processing like paperwork, medical screenings, and testing your hearing beforehand. You get your smallpox, anthrax vaccinations. I remember the hearing thing because later on my hearing got destroyed by that. So, I think they established a baseline of where you are generally, so when you come back they can see if there’s something different–– I think that’s the logic behind that. You fill out your will and everything like that. Just basic paperwork stuff. Then, they start sending out flights of guys at a time. I think usually they have seven different sorties going out–– seven different parties. I shipped out July 20th and finally landed at Manas, an Air Force base in Kyrgyzstan. We sit there and you wait to get a flight to go to Afghanistan. (48:05). Then we were there for about a week, or something like that. In which case, you get there–– I remember when we first got there, I remember it being really hot there. So, we would try spending the most part of our day–– the hot part of our day–– trying to sleep and then we’d be awake during the night when it was cooler out. Plus, we had that jet lag going on. So, we’d spend about a week there admiring the wonderful Air Force defect with it’s �amazing–– just looking at all the Air Force women who are just amazing compared to the Army women. I’m just speaking the truth, okay. And then, I think it was the 28th or the 30th when we finally touched down in Afghanistan in Kandahar Airfield. I remember when I first touched down there and I got there and I stepped off the plane and I’m hearing all this time leading up, “It’s hot as hell in Afghanistan” and everything. I get off the plane and I’m like, it’s kind of warm out here, but it’s not too bad. My buddy is like, “Dude. It’s 8:30 in the morning.” I’m like, “Oh my god.” And it just got warmer and hotter from there. To the point where what stuck out at me was you’d exit our giant circus tent, where it has our entire troop or something in–– a couple of troops, actually. And you would walk out and you could immediately feel the moisture on your eyes just start evaporating and everything like that. It was just hell. July and August in Kandahar is not fun. (50:06). Interviewer: “Did they move you off to a base or did you operate out of Kandahar, or what happened?” At first, I don’t think they knew where the hell they were going to put us when we first got there and everything like that. The first few weeks, trying to unpack things, long-hours and hot days, really crappy and everything like that. All of our AC units in our Strykers, since we were in Washington it never got used so when we got to Afghanistan, they didn’t work. So, we had to get those fixed. And then, at some point in time, they decide to send my troop out to help out one of our sister battalions from the brigade who is out in Arghandab River Valley at this FOB called [sounds like “fraughtnack”] They had apparently been catching crazy shit out there. I think they hold the record for the battalion with the most casualties or something like that. They went in there and did some–– they went in there with the wrong perspective and just pissed people off and kind of made things worse, or something like that. I mean, I think it was already a pretty bad area, but we went in there to help them with–– there was an election going on I don’t know if it was presidential or parliamentary–– but we went to go help them. We showed up and whatever and on our way out there we picked up some Afghan security forces and were supposed to escort them to some election sites or whatever. And this was supposed to take like five hours or something that turns into some giant shit-show and we’re just rolling around, doing God knows what, and eventually, it’s the end of the day, we finally get to [Fraughtnack], and it was like we’re going to have to stay here. So, we sleep there for a few hours and grab the Afghan Army guys and we have to go escort them to a polling place or something like that. (52:34). I remember he said, “We take two routes here.” I don’t remember the name but it’s something like Happy Magical Valley Forest Trail, or something like that. Or, we could take this one other route called Route Monkey. To which all the Afghan guys were like, “No, no, no. The Taliban is all there. We don’t want to go down there.” We’re like, “We’re gonna go down there.” So, once again, we were getting lost and it’s a real narrow, rocky road and everything. We’re rolling down there with Strykers and it’s the middle of the night and we’re just switching people out of the gunter–– who was pulling security. I think at one point in time, when we were stopped, my �platoon sergeant actually hopped up and led our driver. We’re just trying to stay awake and everything like that. I remember we were stopped at one point in time, this is our first mission out, and it’s already not going too well. We’re just on this narrow road with walls on each side and trees hanging over us like, “This is hell. I’m so tired,” and all of the sudden I’m listening to the radio and I hear my platoon sergeant say, “IED. IED.” I’m like, “What? Are you serious? I didn’t hear [anything].” I’m like, “Are you joking? I didn’t hear anything.” Apparently, some of the Afghan guys, further up, they–– I don’t know if they hit an IED or someone set off an IED–– but they got blown up. They have little Toyota Highlander’s that they’re in. I think a couple of guys died and some guys in the back lost their legs. I remember driving alongside the vehicle and it was like, you had the engine block and then the cab is just completely gone. It’s like someone just took that part out. Then you have the actual bed of the truck or whatever. So, it didn’t take cheese to figure out where the guys were sitting who got blown up. Me and my buddies are sitting in the back like, “Oh my god. This is not good. This is our first mission. There’s now way we are getting through this deployment.” Eventually we get back to [Fraughtnack] and we scrapped the rest of the mission of escorting these guys back. (55:07). We went back to Kandahar. And I guess we’re going in there right at the time of the surge of Afghanistan starting up. I guess my perspective of that unique kind of thing is–– we were only gone a few days and we get back and our parking spaces are already filled in by connexes and shit like that. So, we get back, we’re driving around, trying to find a place to park our vehicles–– yeah. I think we stuck around there for another week or so and then we got called out to [Fraughtnack] to help out our sister battalion again. We go out there and they’re planning on some big sweep of the village area there. The whole idea is they’re going to go in there [and] we’re going to be sitting here blocking forces and they’re going to push all of the bad guys towards us, or something like that. Great plan, except these are guerilla fighters who can just throw down their arm and blend in with the population. So, the whole idea that you can just push them our way–– it doesn’t necessarily work. So, we pretty much sat on the side of this river for a week or so. Had Afghan kids coming up to us, begging for MRE goods the whole time. And those kids are worse than homeless people at Christmastime. You give them one thing and they will never leave you alone. Then, after a week there, [we] moved to a different spot, and I don’t even remember what we were doing there, but we sat there for another week. I mean, there was some fighting because at night you hear grenade blasts going off and then you hear mortars firing–– most of those, I believe, were just illumination rounds–– but you hear stuff going on–– firefight stuff–– at night. We’re just bored as hell where we’re at. (57:23). At one point in time, I remember, a part of our troop went out to some village to meet with some Afghan guys. They come back and they have this kid with them. I remember his face was all puffed out and my platoon sergeant went over to see what was going on, and the kid went down to the river near us and some of the soldiers were helping him wash up. Apparently the kid was up from Kabul or something like that, and he was going down south to go study, or something like that. Apparently this Afghan police chief kidnapped him–– or stole him–– and was keeping him as a sex slave. Apparently, they said his shins were busted and everything like that. When our guys went to visit them, they saw this kid, �and they were like, “We’re taking this guy.” They were like, “No.” They’re like, “No. Fuck you. We’re taking him.” So, he was really happy to see us. I think I heard that they gave him some money and put him in a cab and sent him up north–– something like that. So, hopefully he got to where he was going. So, besides that, we just sat in our one spot for a week and had some Afghan kids throw pomegranates at me–– that’s pretty much the gist of it. Meanwhile, I don’t remember what the battalion's acronym was, but apparently they’re getting messed up left and right. Like, one of their Strykers hit an IED and killed everyone in the back. Seven people gone, just like that. So, yeah. They didn’t have a good time. (59:14). We go back to [Fraughtnack] and we stay there for another couple of days, then we go out to help them search a village. We’re pulling overwatch–– security–– while their guys go through and search it. At one point in time, they go through the house and apparently some dude had put artillery rounds from the original Soviet invasion built into the foundation of his house. I didn’t see it, but from what they were saying on the radio, they were like, “These are all kind of spent rounds and they’re just built into the walls.” I don’t know if it was a structural thing or whatever, but then they’re like, “But this one here is alive.” Then there was this cool discussion like, “We’re just going to blow it up in place.” And the guy is like, “No, no, no. Don’t blow up my house. I’ll bring it out into the field and you guys can do whatever you want with it.” “He says he’ll bring it out into the field for us.” They’re like, “I don’t know…let him do it.” So, he brings it out into the field and they put some demo on it and they blow it up. Then you hear on the radio, “We’re going to need to take this guy into custody as soon as we take care of this.” Which, I guess, is a reasonable thing if you find some kind of bomb in there–– regardless if his house is made up of a bunch of spent bombs, you still probably want to question the guy. But, the problem was–– so we’re sitting a few meters away and looking down at this guy and this open field where they just blew up the thing. They walk up and as soon as they get to him–– one of our guys–– he grabs him and just hip-tosses him to the ground and just smashes the guy and then they put him inside the back of the Stryker and then they bring him back to [Fraughtnack]. (1:01:22). What I hear later on is–– once again, this could’ve just been rumors I heard–– right after that day, we went back to Kaf. I heard later on, that one of the reasons we got sent back there is because one of our lieutenants–– one of the guys from our actual troop–– went and complained to some of the leadership of this battalion saying, “You guys are being a little rough on this guy.” “Okay, we hear you. Leave.” Once again, I could be completely wrong. And the thing that–– another time when we were out there during this whole escapade, we were just sitting there at one point in time, during the night, and they saw some guys planting an IED on the side of the road. My platoon sergeant had a running bet with our XO–– our XO, who I, for some reason, hated with a passion–– and he said [that] he’d bet us that, “We will never use you guys. We’ll never fire one mortar the entire time we’re in Afghanistan.” The guy’s cruel. (1:02:26). Interviewer: “We were talking about your first deployment in Afghanistan and we were talking about the Executive Officer of your unit, who, for some reason, didn’t like you guys �and didn’t like mortars and wasn’t going to let mortars shoot. So, kind of pick up the story with that.” Yeah. It was kind of weird because how it worked, originally, he was–– when we were in our troop back in garrison, he was the Lieutenant in charge of the actual support headquarters section–– which included the mortars. Initially, we liked him. He was a good guy and everything. But then he got promoted to XO, and I don’t know if he got indoctrinated into the Cav “way” or whatever, but he ended up completely hating us and our platoon sergeant hated him and our whole platoon hated him–– he hated us. But he bet our platoon–– my platoon sergeant and he had a bet that we would never fire any mortars in Afghanistan, and if we did, we would never fire any highly explosive mortars in Afghanistan, and if he lost he had to buy us all pizza. I don’t remember what he got if he won. But, we were out some night, sitting around doing nothing of course, and apparently they see some guys planting an IED on the side of the road and we’re just like, “Come on. Call us, call us, call us.” But instead, this guy elects to call in air support and they have a couple Kiowas–– helicopters–– come in and they break these guys and kill them. From our perspective, we could only see the rockets and the machine gun rounds coming down or whatever the heck they were using–– 30 cal. All we could see was the rounds coming down from where we were at. (1:04:41). I think later on there was a video circulated of the actual infrared of them getting blown away–– at least that’s what they said it was a video of. I mean, at this point in time, after all the different Facebook videos and everything, they could’ve just gotten it from anywhere. But back in ‘09 or whatever, there probably weren't quite as many of those going around. I think that it was a legit video of them–– it could’ve been any other firefight, but I believe it was this one. Then, we went back to Kandahar. We still don’t have a solid, “Where are troops going to go?” We don’t have a home yet and everything like that, whereas all of these other guys, they’re set up on their own FOBs and they have their own quarters where they have their stuff. We’re just still backpacking our way around the country like a bunch of gypsies, as we would say. Once again, we come back and all of our parking spots are gone–– there’s all these new units and we have to find a new spot. But, eventually they get to the point where it’s the end of September and they’re like, “We’re going to send these guys to this place called FOB Ramrod. We’re going to attach [the] Alpha troop to 2/1 Infantry. They’re not going to be with 3/61 anymore. And, we’re going to take a company from 2/1 Infantry and we’re going to attach them to––” Did I say 3/61? I meant 8/1, at this point in time. “We’re going to take a troop from 8/1 and give it to 2/1 Infantry Battalion. Take a company from them and give it to 8/1. And then from there, we’re going to take two platoons from the Cav’s of Alpha troop and give one each to a company of 2/1, and then give two platoons from each of these companies to Alpha troop because…” I don’t know [why] the fuck. Because it’s the Army and nothing has to make sense. I don’t know. Maybe they thought there would be some kind of cross-collaboration where Infantry 11-Bravos mixed with Scouts–– I don’t know. Maybe they thought they would kind of complement each other. (1:07:02). �Interviewer: “Did the Infantry have vehicles other than Strykers? Would adding Strykers to a particular unit give it any advantage or benefit?” Well, all of our brigades had Strykers. I mean, you do have some support vehicles, LMTVs–– which are just big trucks–– supply trucks. Interviewer: “But the different units had essentially the same equipment?” I believe the Infantry varied its Stryker. It’s slightly different than the Scout one, where the Scout one has something on it where you can attach–– I believe it’s called an LRAD–– [an] imaging system or whatever. I think the Infantry vehicles had slightly more room in the back to accommodate carrying personnel and everything like that. But it’s still negligible, I guess. Interviewer: “So, they’re mixing all of these units up. Now, what happens with that?” So, we’re assigned to our particular sections and whatever. Once we got to Ramrod we pretty much, for the most part, we kind of stopped moving around and everything like that–– like the mortars. Everyone else–– I mean, the other guys still did patrols and everything like that. I believe one of the companies was stationed at another FOB or COP down the road–– and apparently they got attacked quite a bit, but where we were at–– if you know anything about the landscape of Kandahar, for the most part, it’s nothing but desert. Like a flat desert and there was one mountain in the distance and then you have villages here, here, and here–– just random, it seems like. But where our FOB was, it was just [the] middle of nowhere. When we first got there, my platoon was tasked with pulling hot gun, where you set up [the] Stryker and you have 24/7 just listening to the radio for them to call us for support whether it be HE–– high explosive– – or illumination. 99 percent of the time they would just call us for illumination at night for the patrols that were out. (1:09:30). We had our own tent right now–– they called it GP medium. We had like 13/15 guys in there–– it was pretty crowded. We just had our bunks and all of our stuff shoved underneath. We used some empty illumination round boxes to house some of our stuff. And we had about that much room between bunks and everything like that–– that’s it. Once again, reflecting–– there’s empty tents on the other side and all of the Cav platoons, they’re split up like eight guys each in their tents and we’re housing 13/15 guys in here. We’re just like, “Why can’t we stay in these?” Our First Sergeant was like, “I think I might want to turn it into a gym or something eventually.” But, once again, they all hated us for some reason. We hated all of them too. So, we’re stuck in these tents and we pull 12-hour shifts between us, so you split the platoon in half [for] 12-hour shifts. My squad, with our platoon sergeant, had midnight to noon and then our other squad with our Staff Sergeant would take over with his guys. There was no tent or anything set up at that point in time. It was just our Strykers sitting there, a couple of cots right outside. Then, we’d hang out and talk for a couple of hours and fire off some rounds when they called us, and then a couple guys would rotate out and they would go catch a little bit of �sleep in the cots outside of the Stryker. (1:11:21). If any missions got called, we’d yell out and they would come in–– we attempted to yell out and they would come in. It was actually kind of cool how we had it set up because we had two radios going–– one listening to the talk [of] the actual headquarters, talking out to the guys. We’re listening to the fire control talk on one radio– – who calls in the fire missions to us–– and then we also have the radio going listening to the guys out on patrol. We hear them call up for fire support–– not fire support, but “illumination”–– and we’d hear them calling up the fire request–– the fire mission–– to the talk. Meanwhile, we’re inputting all of our data and getting our gun up and then the talk calls back down to us, gives us all of the data, and as soon as they get done we’re like, “Shot over” and they’re like, “Oh, yeah. Shot out.” I mean, it was literally like that. It was like how were [we] set already? Also, where the whole fire support area is, there’s also a battery of 155s like 50 meters away or 25 meters away. They would also call for illumination rounds. And those things–– they’re just so loud and they just make you jump every time they fire. It’s kind of funny, this one time me and my platoon sergeant were sitting up late, doing our guard, and then like two or three other guys, they were sleeping on the side of the Stryker. (1:13:08). We get a call for an illumination mission. We started yelling to them, but they’re not coming and we need to get stuff up and going. My platoon sergeant is putting the information into the computer and he’s trying to pull out rounds at the same time and prep them while I’m trying to get the gun up. I’m getting the gun up–– which is supposed to be just my job–– then there’s supposed to be a guy prepping the rounds and there’s supposed to be a guy hanging the rounds, and then there’s supposed to be the platoon sergeant putting it all into the computer. But, it’s just me and my platoon sergeant doing all of this and we’re like, “Where the fuck is everyone?” Like, he’s prepping it, I’m actually adjusting the gun and I’m grabbing the round and running it over and dropping it back, and just doing this circle. Eventually we get done [and] we walk to the side of the Stryker and they’re still sleeping there even though we’re firing a 120mm mortar five feet away from their heads. [We’re] like, “Really? You guys didn’t wake up?” I guess [it’s] something you just get used to over time. And we stayed down there for like a month or so and guys started rotating out on leave and everything like that. At one point–– I think it was like October–– we had just gotten off shift, so it was about 12 o’clock, and my platoon sergeant went straight to the phone bank to call home. The rest of us went back to the tent to go to sleep. And they way it’s set up is you have your FOB and the walls out there, and then we had our mortar point right here and then you had another wall of HESCO barriers and then you just have a hole in the wall–– a gap–– and then you just walk out and go over there. (1:15:03). I had just walked around the corner when all of the sudden I heard the “thunk” and I’m like, “Huh. They’re firing already?” It kind of sounded different–– I mean, if you know what explosions sound like, outgoing and incoming sound different, where the actual explosion has this kind of “thunk” to it, whereas the outgoing is just this loud bang. I walk around the corner and I’m like, “That’s kind of weird.” I see all this dust coming in and I’m like looking around. I kind of walk–– our tent is like right here, then a wall, mortar point right here, and the explosion happened right here–– I walk out [and] I look around like, “Huh.” I walk a little bit further so I can see the mortar point around the corner and I can see our guys come �running out and I’m like, “Oh, shit.” And they’re like, “Get the guys. Get the guys.” So, I immediately ran in and I got the guys and said we got incoming and I ran to the phone bank and grabbed our platoon sergeant. Apparently, they fired a couple rounds at us and then I heard also that we had like the Battalion Commander and some guys [that] were outside the FOB somewhere and like they started taking incoming also–– at least that’s what I heard. So, we get up on the guns and we’re listening to the radio and the way it works is that they have some kind of radar system that, when a round comes in, it can give you where it came from. Not exactly the most accurate thing in the world, because on time we had a mortar incoming and it came back to us like, “The grid is blah, blah blah.” My platoon sergeant is like, “Wait a minute.” He starts plotting that out and is like, “That’s 12 miles away. We can’t reach that and neither can they.” So, it’s not foolproof, but they gave us a grid and we fired back at them and at least–– they stopped firing after that. I heard a rumor that someone went out and found a destroyed mortar or something after that. Once again, that could’ve been a rumor. Looking back, it’s hard to say. That was enough for us to earn our Combat Infantry Badge. We were all really excited about that. (1:17:45). Interviewer: “So, you actually got to fire an explosive round out of the mortar too.” Yeah. Yeah–– which was nice. Occasionally–– one other time–– we got some incoming and we returned it and don’t know if we hit anything or not because the initial reading that they gave us for the grid was completely off, so who knows if the second one was anywhere near it. But, we got to fire and then a few other times they called us in for high explosive rounds just so they could blow up a suspected IED site or something like that. We were really excited about that. A couple of our guys that were out on leave were pissed because they missed it and everything like that. One thing I forgot to say [was] when we first got to Kaf and before we went on that first mission, like the night before, we were ordered to go to the ammo-supply point and collect our mortar rounds and everything, because obviously we didn’t ship them over there with our Strykers. And we were sitting out there for, gosh, I don’t know, a few hours. We didn’t know what was taking so long. I didn’t think we were drawing that many. And we’re sitting there, back hatch down of our Stryker, and all of the sudden–– throughout the rest of the day–– we kept hearing the Air Force had the A-10s going over and firing. And they have a distinct sound of their gun, the rrr. So, I kind of had that in my mind the whole time. (1:19:22). And we’re sitting out there and all of the sudden all of the sudden I hear, “shhp” or something like that, and for that brief second it flashed through my mind like, “What the hell is the Air Force doing now?” But then, all the sudden it was like “boom” and we heard the explosion. We were sitting on the side of this berm and the inside is the actual ammo-point. The round goes in and they explode inside there–– kind of cool. We all got inside of our Strykers and closed the door and that was it. It was kind of cool, I mean, the round flew right over our heads. Kaf and everything regularly get some kind of rockets or mortars that come in. Most of the time it’s kind of pointless to even respond, because the way that they do it is they have time-delay fuses where they don’t even have to be �anywhere nearby. I mean Kaf, it’s kind of striking to me. It’s like an entire city just built out of the middle of nowhere. So, a lot of the time you would hear the air-raid sirens go off but the rounds land so far away, you can’t even hear it go off. No sign that anything even happened except for the siren going off and everyone having to go into the bunkers. By the time you get done with the deployment–– when you first get there you’re like, “Oh, cool. It’s an air-raid.” By the time you get done with the deployment you’re like, “I bet I can get to the Burger King on the boardwalk right now” while everyone is hiding out. I tried to do that, but I got caught by some douchebag Colonel. (1:21:11). So, there was that. But, back on Ramrod, after we fired like that, we spent some more time on hot gun. But, then we rotated off and other platoons rotated in. We got put on what was called [sounds like “mare so”] once again we kind of got stuck with the shit jobs where we had to go around and empty the trash bins or–– I escorted the Afghan workers around who emptied the porta potties everywhere, and stuff like that. The best job was the trash detail because you got to drive around in an LMTV and the Afghan guys would throw the stuff in the back and then when they were done, we would drive outside of the FOB. Once again, we’re in the middle of nowhere–– we didn’t really need any kind of security. We’d just roll out and dump it all out in some hole–– we had a giant, massive garbage hole–– and pour a bunch of gasoline onto it and light it on fire. A big old fire would go and everything like that. Though, apparently now people are saying burn pits like that give people cancer or something. I haven’t had any adverse effects, so I don’t know. Actually, I think at first they didn’t have Afghan guys and we had to pick up our trash ourselves, but eventually we got some Afghan workers and all we would do is just follow them around in our truck. I mean, it wasn’t a bad job. Well, it was a bad job but compared to some of the other ones, it didn’t require that much work. We did that on-and-off for a few months. Go back to “mares” back onto hot gun. We got lucky because the mortar platoon that relieved us, they were more motivated than us and they built a whole big tent/hut that had bunks and desks and everything. As soon as they got it up, we came in, kicked them out and we were like, “Awesome. We have a tent now.” (1:23:18). So, we had a good set up there. We had power–– you’d go down there and plug-in your laptop [and] watch movies or whatever all night. Or play Risk or something like that. It was just funny because I would always win, and we had this one kid who–– somehow–– I could always talk him into teaming up with me and then as soon as we’d conquer everyone else, I would betray him every single time. But, somehow he still kept on teaming up with me. But, that’s kind of here or there. Interviewer: “Now while you’re out there, do you have much opportunity to communicate with anybody back home?” We could communicate [with] back home. This is back in like ‘09 and ‘10, so the whole age of Skype and everything was not really quite there yet. Also, they were putting in the internet for us to get on the FOB–– like half of the FOB had internet, but of course, being the mortars, we’re off in the middle of nowhere where people don’t give a shit about us so we don’t have internet. But, they did have a phone bank–– an MWR station–– where we had four or five phones and then �there were some computers. You could call home. When we were on hot guns–– 12-hour shifts– – especially in the middle of the night, when most people were sleeping, there usually wasn’t a huge need. We had enough guys that we could spare someone if they wanted to, we could rotate and they could go put their laundry in or go use the phone real quick. (1:25:32). But, the problem was, as time went on, I think two of the phones broke and then also we had an entire battalion and I think we had some other guys on there, so this is a pretty decent size FOB so we had probably 700 people on this FOB, and we had like three phones. So, there’s always some giant line out the door and there’s a time limit of like ten minutes on the phone–– max. It was not a good set up. It’s funny, I would call my parents and we’re talking–– and I guess it’s a testament to deployment and Army people’s bad choice in women–– and you would just be sitting there and the guy next to you would start screaming into the phone at his wife or girlfriend [like], “Why am I checking the credit card balance [and] why the fuck are you at the club at two o’clock in the morning? Spending all of my money and I’m over here. I know you’re not out there with just your friends every single night.” I’d just be sitting there like, “Everything is going good here mom.” You’re just trying to ignore the fact that this guy is cursing out his wife. Actually, out of our platoon, I think we had four or five guys that got married within three months of deploying. I think three of those guys–– all but one–– got married two weeks before they deployed. Within a year of getting back, I think, all but one was divorced. I think one of them ended up spending the guy’s money on things like casinos and drugs, too. I don’t know if anyone actually cheated or not–– maybe. I know a couple of guys on my next deployment, they got cheated on by their wives. It’s amazing how common it is. I mean, you hear the stereotype, but it’s 100 percent true that there’s an infidelity problem in the military. (1:27:53). Interviewer: “There’s also a stereotype–– at least around some different bases–– that women are interested in marrying guys basically so they can get benefits or whatever else it is while they’re off someplace else.” Oh, yeah. I mean, that’s a lot of the idea. I think they’re definitely dependent hounds out there or whatever, but a lot of these guys–– a few of them–– they had been in a relationship for a while. I think at least two of them–– the one that lasted and another one–– they had known the girls before the Army and everything like that, and the other ones met them around the base. So, I don’t know if there were extra benefits or what. But, there’s an actual financial benefit–– supposedly–– for getting married because then you get your BAH, which you don’t get if you’re a single soldier living in the barracks. You also get BAS–– which is supposed to provide for food and everything–– which is a few hundred bucks a month. BAH, depending on where you’re at, is 1,000/2,000 bucks a month. And then, on top of that, you get separation pay for when you’re overseas which–– I don’t know–– is like three to six hundred bucks a month, or something like that. That’s of course, on top of all of your combat pay and everything like that. So, there is a benefit. And these guys think, “If we get married, we’ll get all of this extra money. We’re already dating, why not? I’m in love with you, we’re going to last.” And some of them are like �[they’ll] set up an allotment where it’s just like the bare minimum. The Army says [they] are only required to give her 800 bucks of my paycheck, so [they’ll] set up an allotment for that and [they’ll] be able to pocket all of this other money. And it never, never works out that way. Ever. (1:29:54). Because even if they set up an allotment where they only get this, eventually, they get ahold of the bank account number or they end up calling the unit saying, “I’m a wife of [this] soldier. I can’t support myself” or something like that. Then the Commander has to come in like, “You have to give your wife more money.” It never worked. I think my platoon sergeant had it down-pat. He went in and was like, “I know [if] I’m going overseas, I have to accept the fact that I’m not going to be making that much extra money. I know I’m not coming back to a big paycheck.” It really pisses off the married guys when they’re saying they are looking at their bank account. Like us single soldiers, we’re looking at our bank accounts, [and] our money is piling up, we have the extra pay, we don’t have anywhere to spend that pay while it’s piling up. While theirs is just sitting there and they know they’re getting paid more, but somehow they’re losing money, and everything like that. It’s ended a lot of marriages. (1:31:00). Interviewer: “Are there other phases of your deployment after the kind of the activities you’ve been talking about or do you just move around to different bases doing the same kinds of things for the rest of that time?” Well, we pretty much stayed on Ramrod for the rest of the deployment. We rotated between “maresell” and hot gun and everything like that. At one point in time I got leave to go home. It originally landed on Christmas, [but] I traded to go home on Thanksgiving because I didn’t want to go through the hassle of Christmas and everything like that. But then when I was home on leave, my guys got tasked to go back out to Arghandab to help out with that whole battalion. While they were there and I was back home, my mom’s telling me the FRG stuff. One day I woke up and she’s telling me, “Apparently your unit had some casualties.” Immediately, I’m like, “Oh, shit. Who is it?” She was like, “[Do] you know Joseph Lewis?” I’m like, “Joseph? Oh, shit. Lewis?” [It] was this guy in one of our platoons–– they were going through Arghandab and they hit an IED. He was driving and [it] killed him and everything like that. I mean, he wasn’t in my platoon, but I worked with the guy quite a bit. He was–– I think anyone in the company would hands down say he was kind of like the “joker”–– [the] funniest guy there. There’s kind of this stereotype–– I don’t know if it’s a stereotype–– I guess I can say it’s a stereotype, like when you first get to the unit they say to the virgins, “Oh, you better get laid” or whatever. My last unit–– the virgin, he always gets killed or something like that. He had this idea that it’s like the virgin who gets killed. It’s that weird, creepy guy–– naturally, it’s going to be them. But now, it’s always the ones who have the most. (1:33:24). Apparently he had a wife [and] a newborn kid and he told me that apparently he didn’t need to be in the Army anymore–– that he had made a bunch of money in the stock market. Enough that the Army gave him the option to leave, or something like that. Which, it could’ve been bullshit, or not, but either way, I knew he had a wife and kid. Yeah. It’s kind of that. One of the guys in my platoon, he was the guy's best friend. It �really hit him really hard. Yeah. That was a shocker and everything like that. I don’t know. Maybe it’s unique to me, but one experience I had was I liked the idea of war. I mean, I never immediately kind of feared for my life at any point in time, but there were some moments like that first mission–– or the few that we actually got to go on after that–– where it was like the night before, or a few hours before, and you’re just sitting there–– and maybe it’s just me–– but it’s like, “Wow. I could lose my life tomorrow” or something like that, or, “I could die tomorrow.” It’s a weird kind of awareness of your mortality, I guess you could say. I mean, eventually that goes away with boredom–– at least on my part because nothing exciting ever really happens, so complacency happens. (1:35:11). They warn you constantly about complacency, “Don’t become complacent.” But, it happens to everyone, eventually, to a degree, and you do things to minimize it. That’s where the discipline comes in [and] you can’t drone off too far. But, yeah. That was kind of a unique feeling and everything like that. But, for the most part, the rest of the deployment is very boring–– just illumination missions. Eventually we moved out of the tent and into CHUs or whatever–– the little housing units that they had where it’s like a box or an empty connex that they have renovated into housing. Eventually we got some internet–– I mean, it was slow as hell and it cost way too much–– but it was better than what we had. Eventually, it was just me and one other guy in a room as opposed to 13, so it was nice. (1:36:15). Interviewer: “Did you have any feel of how large your mission is going, or were you accomplishing anything? Or, do you have no idea?” I can’t believe I almost forgot. I sensed the surge or whatever outside when we were in Kaf, just because of the build up and everything. But, when we were out where we were at–– I guess I sensed it out there because they kept on building up the FOB and everything. Like, at one point in time we were trying to expand out the FOB to where we could actually have a 1,000 meter shooting range, or something like that. There was also talk that they might eventually make a landing strip just big enough for C-130s to land. Nothing ever came of it, like when we set up all these HESCO barriers for the shooting range, but we didn’t get around filling them and then winds came in and blew them all over. That was a couple good weeks of work gone down the drain, but I guess since that. And then there was also [that] my unit had a unique role in the fact that–– okay. So, at one point in time, while we were on hot gun, we’re listening to the radio and we heard on the radio, “Hey, CID is here and they’re going through second platoon’s Stryker right now.” CID–– the Criminal Investigation Division–– the cops, not the MPs, but the actual detectives of the Army, “They’re going through second platoon’s Stryker.” I’m listening to that radio like, “Huh.” We just assumed that they probably got some tip from the Afghans–– there were poppy and weed fields everywhere–– so we assumed they got a tip that someone was hoarding some weed, or something like that. (1:38:19). Then, a few days later CID came down and questioned us, and we each took a turn going in and talking to the guy. They’re like, “So, have you heard anything about anything illegal going on? Do you know why we’re here?” We’re �like, “I haven’t heard anything. We heard on the radio that you guys were going through second platoon’s Stryker’s.” At that point, they laugh and they’re like, “Really? They put that on the radio?” I don’t know. They kind of laughed that we heard about it. He was like, “Could you suspect why we’re here?” I’m like, “I don’t know–– just a wild guess, nothing to back it up–– maybe drugs or something?” And they’re like, “Okay. Whatever.” Then they leave. A little while goes by and we’re in the CHUs and we have the internet–– I’m still trying to stay informed–– and go onto FoxNews.com and see a thing like “Cavalry Unit Stryker Brigade Accused of War Crimes in Afghanistan.” And I’m like, “Oh, shit. I know why CID was here.” And apparently, one of our platoons–– like one of the infantry platoons that was attached to our troop–– they had gone out and they had murdered a couple of civilians and they had staged it to make it look like they had taken contact. Actually, one of our guys actually thought he had his chance to get his CIB through this. He was one of the guys that was initially gone on leave and he was going on a convoy with this platoon coming back from Kaf–– a supply run or something. Apparently, these guys shot a couple of guys and threw a hand grenade out and said it was an IED–– or they tried to fire an RPG–– and my guy, I don’t know, like they were somewhere else in the convoy and they didn’t know what was going on. But, they just knew an explosion went off, so he kind of had this hope that he was going to get CIB, but no, they had killed a couple guys. (1:40:49). One of them actually cut off a finger and hid it or something like that. So, I think a couple of guys are in Leavenworth right now because of that. One more experience, I guess, that kind of stands out is towards the end of our deployment. We were firing HE like the “fisters,” the forward observers. They were doing some training calling in fire missions and where the mortar point is, it’s on the far side of the FOB at the very end and then the FOB goes for 600 meters or something like that–– maybe longer. And we’re shooting over the FOB and if you know how a mortar works, you have the mortar and then you have the tail and on the tail you have what they call cheese charges, whereas there’s four of these little donut looking things that slip over it which are made up of like nitroglycerin and gunpowder. Depending on how far you want the round to go, it depends on how many of these cheese charges you lay on. If you only wanted to go 1,000 meters, you may only leave one of these charges on. We’re shooting charge one. So, one charge on [and] we’re shooting over the FOB. (1:42:30). At this point in time, I’m prepping the rounds–– I’m the ammo bearer. I’m taking out the rounds, I’m handing it to the guy. I’m taking off the cheese charges–– that’s what I mean by prepping. I’m taking it out of the tube, I’m taking the cheese charges off, I’m handing it to the assistant gunner who then drops the round. One guy is actually pointing the gun and the squad leader is putting the information into the computer. Some of these things, I mean–– cheese charges are not like a solid block. Some of them are a little more firm on it than others because they have to be easy enough to pull off. And I took them off. Apparently the charge that was left on it was not as firm around there as others. When I handed it to the guy–– I’m making it clear–– it was on the round. But our HE is this giant, six foot six, 260/300 pound guy, and he loves his job. He’s just swinging those rounds out there and dropping them–– he was having a good time. He takes this round–– and we’re just getting done with our fire for effect for about five rounds, just quick, off in a row like that–– and �I think it was the last round, I handed it to him and he takes it up and flings it up and drops it. But when he flung it up, the charge flew off [and] hit my squad leader–– who was putting the information in the computer–– in the face and dropped the round. As soon as that happens our squad leader holds up the charge like, “Dude. This flew off.” We’re like, “Oh shit.” Because we know–– we’re shooting over the entire FOB on charge one and that charge just flew off. (1:44:25). So, we’re immediately just looking over like, “Come on. Just make it over the FOB.” The round lands and we’re all the way on the other side. We see the dust or the dirt come up, [but] we can’t tell if it’s inside or outside the FOB. And we immediately started hearing on the radio, “Hey, we just had a round land inside the FOB.” It didn’t–– it landed right outside. But either way, we’re hearing this on the radio and we’re like, “Oh my god. We’re going to jail,” and stuff like that. And then there’s–– none of us are saying this, but personally, I’m thinking, “Oh my god. What if we killed someone,” an Afghan or especially if it was an American. I mean, how do you live with that? Eventually, the battalion Commander comes down to do a little investigation and at first we have a little issue with one of the rounds, when we first took it out of the tube, it was already missing some charges. So, the original ammo bearer, he was first prepping the rounds. He was doing all of this and he made note of that. I wasn’t doing the ammo bearing at that point in time, but halfway through the shoot he had to go catch a flight somewhere. So, initially when we did the count, we came up short on the cheese charges and they were just like, “What the hell is going on here?” It was like we’re hiding something, but then we’re like, “Remember that first round? It didn’t have all of the charges on there.” He’s like, “Okay.” So we get the charge, we get the numbers right, [and] we explain to them, “This is what happened, It was naturally loose. It came off. Shit happens.” They’re like, “Okay. We understand.” (1:46:40). But even still, the Sergeant Major took us out to where the round landed. It landed right outside a watchtower, which, during the day, is manned by Afghan Security Forces. We had to go in and apologize to the Afghans there. And the guard tower, it had bulletproof glass so you could see that some shrapnel had hit it, and up above on the top where it was wood you could see where a couple things were going in. It was bad because my squad leader, he’s kind of–– he was one of the guys who was first coming up with us. He was one of the Privates who came in before me. He got promoted, once again, kind of with us. We had a need for NCOs to fill some ranks, and he got promoted. But the problem was, he’s this guy that has this natural sarcastic grin on his face. So we go in to apologize to the Afghans and we’re like, “I’m sorry man,” and he just has this big grin on his face the whole time and the guys are just glaring at us–– that was awkward. But yeah, that was our first deployment and we rotated back, I guess. (1:48:09). Interviewer: “As you get close to the end of it, do you have a scheduled departure date or do you know approximately? Does anything change before you go?” Well, we had a general idea that was like we’ll be leaving in July, which you could kind of automatically figure out because you know deployments are a year-long at this point in time. As �you get closer to it, they eventually start making up a chalk list of what flight you’re on. I mean, naturally they don’t just pull the whole unit out all at once. The new unit slowly goes in as you slowly go out. Eventually you get word [of] what truck number you’re on and eventually your number comes up and you drag all of your stuff out to the airfield, get on a helicopter, fly back to Kaf, wait there for a couple of weeks or something, catch a flight back to Manas, wait a little bit there, catch a flight back home. Interviewer: “Now, when you get back to the States, do they do any kind of debriefing or other kinds of things to help you adjust to being back home again, or do you just get sent home?” Well, we had to inprocess and then there was some more paperwork, do some medical screenings, and do my hearing test again because firing 60 millimeter mortars, except for this particular one, where I fired and didn’t have my earplugs in at the time and it like blew out my hearing. I couldn’t hear for about three weeks–– well, it slowly came back–– but for at least a week or so all I heard was “beeeer.” I thought I might’ve lost my hearing at that point. (1:50:06). I still do have some hearing loss and tinnitus. The VA gives me a little bit of money for that, so I think it’s worth it. But yeah, you do some screenings. I think at one point in time one of the stations you go through–– you had to fill out some form on the computer or whatever. I remember one of the questions was like, “How many drinks do you have per month?” Or like, “On average, how much do you drink?” And, “How often do you have six or more alcoholic beverages?” At this point in time, I wasn’t even really drinking then. But, there were some times where you would go out and you would go into a bar or you would go into your buddies place, and you drink that night. I’m like, “Maybe once a month I have six or more beers at one particular time.” Which is very mild for the Army. So you go through and this lady was looking at your file like, “Okay. According to this, you have six or more beers once a month. Do you wanna talk to someone and get some help with that?” I’m like, “What? Why?” “This says that you’re getting falling-down-drunk at least once a month.” I’m like, “No I don’t want any help. This is fine. I’m 21 years old right now. I’m in the Army. Trust me, this is not a big deal.” Then, yeah. You come home [and] you go on block leave. I think at one point in time during the inprocessing someone asked us if there was anything we wanted to talk about or something like that. I don’t know if anyone took them up on that, I think most guys just said flat out, “Nah. I’m good.” (1:52:03). Interviewer: “So there’s not really much of any kind of effort to provide education about what kinds of stuff to watch out for in terms of behavior or anything else, or different things to be aware of when you go back to being a civilian–– not a civilian, but back in the States because you still have time left on your enlistment?” �I don’t remember if we had–– I mean, they warned us not to go out and get DUIs and stuff, [but] I don’t remember if we actually had any classes the first time around. We probably did–– I don’t exactly remember. I know we had some stuff [after] my second deployment where they went through and were like, “This is going to be a big adjustment for you married guys. It’s going to be like living with a stranger.” I think at one point in time they had something about interacting with civilians or something. I’m just thinking back to my second deployment. I just remember because I had one of the funniest–– inappropriate–– pick-up lines. Hopefully no one that’s eventually going to interview me or admit me to grad school or something like that sees this, but there were these civilian ladies and they’re asking us, “Tell us a good pick-up line” or something like that. They were like, “It can be the most raunchy thing. Tell us a funny pick-up line.” I don’t remember where it was going into, I think it was interacting with civilians at the park. One guy raises his hand and is like, “Hey. You know how I know we’re going to have sex tonight?” “How?” “Because I’m stronger than you.” So, it was kind of one of those things that was funny. So we had some reintegration training, at least the second time around. I’m pretty sure the first time too, I just don’t recall totally. (1:53:56). Interviewer: “So you do come back, you get some leave home or whatever because you have been overseas, and then do you go back to Fort Lewis? Or, what do you do next?” First you in-process at Lewis and then I think we got pretty much most of August–– you have an opportunity to take leave. I mean, you’ve been saving up [for] leave. They charge you for your leave when you’re overseas, so you have the option to take a month of leave. I think I took three weeks because I wanted to have a little bit of leave in the bank and also I was PCSing to Colorado soon, so I wanted to make sure that I had some extra travel days if I needed them. So I think I spent three weeks in August on leave. Came home, did some out-processing from the unit, and then I went out to Colorado. Interviewer: “So you have a new unit you’re being assigned to out there?” Yep. Interviewer: “What unit is that?” 3rd Squadron, 61st Cavalry Regiment, 4th Brigade, 4th Infantry Division. Interviewer: “Is this a unit that is recently back from somewhere, or planning to deploy? Or, kind of, where are they in their sequence?” They deployed in roughly the same timeframe as us. I want to say they got back like a month before we did. They were in Afghanistan also. They were up in the Kunar area, and they actually �saw some real shit up there. One of their troops actually got into a big, massive engagement where a couple of guys actually walked away with medals of honor and everything like that. So, in a war where there has only been a couple dozen medal of honors, two of them came from this one action. So, yeah–– they had just gotten back. I in-processed with them and everything like that. (1:56:04). Interviewer: “Now, why were you changing units? Was that a standard procedure or did you request to move?” No. When I was deployed–– when I originally enlisted, I enlisted for three years. When I was deployed–– I said earlier–– I absolutely loved my platoon and everything like that, despite the way that castouts cheated us and our shitty unit. I absolutely loved it. I enjoyed my job and everything like that–– the people I worked with–– so I wanted to reenlist. So, I reenlisted overseas and part of that was that I got to choose from a select group of options of places I could PCS to. It’s one of the enticements or benefits of reenlisting. I don’t know if it’s still the case, but you get some choice of where you get to go. Not every single place, but depending on what units need–– troops–– and what units don’t. Interviewer: “And you said ‘PCS’ too. What does that mean?” Oh PCS–– oh gosh, what does it stand for? I don’t remember actually what the acronym stands for, but it’s when you move from one unit to another. I remember I had a choice between Hawaii or Colorado. I heard good things about Colorado–– people loved it. Hawaii, of course–– it’s Hawaii, so that’s also a thing. The problem is that I had been living in Washington for a few years. Where it is–– if you’ve ever been to Washington, especially the Fort Lewis area–– you know that nine months out of those years it is raining and you don’t see the sun. And then I go to Afghanistan where it is hot all year round, except for like December where it gets down to 50/60 degrees–– minimum. So, at this point in time, I’m like Hawaii sounds nice, but I come from Michigan. I want seasons and everything like that. I want a Summer and a Winter and everything like that–– I was an idiot, I could’ve gone to Hawaii but I chose Colorado. (1:58:26). Interviewer: “Was it not an option to stay with your original unit?” It was definitely an option, but at this point in time I was thinking I wanted to stay in for 20 years. From talking to my NCOs and everything like that, you need to move around, at least a little bit, to get experiences or whatever. I mean, not just stick with just Strykers. You should go to MAC, infantry, airborne, to show that you’ve moved around. Also, you want to experience different things and everything like that. To get away from Washington where it’s–– apparently everyone wants to go to Fort Lewis, until you actually get to Fort Lewis–– at least if you’re an infantry guy who actually has to work outside quite a bit, whereas, I don’t know, if you’re an �office person it’s great. Because it is absolutely beautiful most of the time, but it rains so much. If you’re working outside that’s not great. Interviewer: “So, you’re going to Colorado now. This is a unit that has got a lot of people who are themselves veterans who have been over, deployed, and back. How do they treat you coming in? Do they pay attention to whether or not you’ve been anywhere?” I mean, you’re not viewed as a Private at this point in time. They see that you’re a Specialist, that you have CIB and a combat patch on your shoulder–– they give you some credit or whatever. I mean, you have Specialists that are in a similar situation. They have experience and they’re not a day one guy. Even the NCOs–– like the E-5s or whatever–– they know that they were just recently Specialists themselves, so they show you quite a bit of respect. Even the higher-up NCOs, they expect that you know stuff. There’s no real reason to haze you and everything like that. (2:00:28). So, when we first got to the unit–– when you get back from deployment, no one really wants to do anything. No one. The higher-ups or anyone. Because you just spent your whole year–– I mean, you don’t have a deployment on the horizon. Things are still slow and you’re still waiting for all of your gear to get back–– which takes a few months. So, not a lot of need to immediately jump into things. A lot of the times you could skip PT–– even when we did do PT, all of our E-6s and above in our platoon, the mortar platoon, which was consolidated into the headquarters troop of our squadron, all the E-6s and above were broken in someway–– which, by the time you get higher up, lots of guys end up having some kind of leg, knee, back problem. They are eliminated in PT in some different way. They’re not doing PT, so they just delegate it to the E-5s. But I mean, everyone is just in this platoon fully relaxed and everything–– and they just got back from deployment. So they’re like, “Go do PT.” “Roger that.” We’d walk off behind some barracks to start doing our stretches. We’d stretch for 15 minutes and we’d just go back to our barracks for the rest of PT. Even then, our troop was pretty much located right across from the barracks–– especially where the mortars were located. They were in a separate building, kind out of the way with no one looking in on us. Our leaders–– I mean, you hear about these different units. Some units where their leaders are like, “No. Everyone stays till five regardless of if you have anything going on.” Our platoon, at this point in time, was like, “We don’t have anything going on? Well, then we’re going to have you guys sit here and do nothing at this point in time. If we have a class plan, and we can pull the mortars out of the arms room, or we can get our hands on some maps, [then] we can do some training. But, if we don’t have anything going on, go back to your rooms.” It’d be like [you’d] come in at 9:30, stay till 11:30. Then they’d be like, “Go to lunch. [At] 13:00 we’ll have ‘room inspections.’” And as long as your room was squared away–– your NCO might come by like, “Yeah, you’re good.” Or, they might not even come by at all. Then you’d be off. Or they’d be like “13:00. Go to the gym.” We showed up to the gym in case anyone stopped by–– they never did–– and you’d just kind of hangout, then you’d go off. That lasted for a few months. It was great, but eventually things changed. (2:03:13). �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GraceM1924V1 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grace, Matthew Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016-02 Title A name given to the resource Grace, Matthew (Interview transcript and video, part 1), 2016 Description An account of the resource After leaving his first unit after his first deployment in the Fall of 2010, Matthew Grace moved to Fort Carson, Colorado where he was assigned to the 3rd Squadron, 61st Cavalry Regiment, 4th Brigade, 4th Infantry Division. At this point, Grace was a Specialist and was quickly back to his normal routine by January of 2011. As a Specialist, Grace took an interest in helping to train his unit’s new group of Privates, specifically through PT and weaponry. Grace found out that he was leaving for his second deployment in the Summer of 2011 and left for Afghanistan in April of 2012. Grace left later than the rest of his unit to go to dog handling training, but eventually flunked out and returned to his unit in Afghanistan. Once in Afghanistan, Grace’s platoon had the job of specifically ensuring the safety of their Battalion Commander and getting him to wherever he needed to go. This was his platoon’s main task throughout the entire deployment. Grace’s tour was over at the end of November/the beginning of December of 2012. Upon finishing his deployment, Grace returned home to the States and took his block-leave, returning back to work for the remainder of his time with the Army. Grace’s ETS date was January 26, 2014. Grace encountered minimal amounts of reintegration training once resuming life as a civilian. One thing Grace was required to do, was to create a plan for life after reentering society. Grace applied to a couple universities and eventually ended up attending Grand Valley State University where he studied history to eventually get his PhD and become a professor. As a whole, Grace believes that his time in the Army plays a big role in his life and states that he would not be as successful as he is without it. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States—History, Military Veterans Video recordings Afghan War, 2001-2021—Personal narratives, American Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections & University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401. Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/253162f51b6e851aae4f840a7d34145c.mp4 db0c0e99bea54a322d062a1cb617d413 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8dbfa8355d934843c26947d37c208fec.pdf 854ec6ab446cc8925aaf3482bc2f141b PDF Text Text Grace, Matthew Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Name of War: Afghanistan War Interviewee’s Name: Matthew Grace Length of Interview: (1:32:43) Interviewed by: Taylor Lewis Transcribed by: Lyndsay Curatolo Interview: “Alright, we’re here today again with Matthew Grace. Matt, I think we left off [when] you had just come back from your first deployment in Afghanistan, and you had been assigned to a new unit. Can you give us an idea of when that was again, and remind us what unit that was?” I got to my new unit–– I left my old one [at] the end of September/beginning of October in 2010. I moved to Fort Carson, Colorado where I was assigned to 3rd Squadron, 61st Cavalry Regiment, 4th Brigade, 4th Infantry Division. Interviewer: “And what kind of training were you doing? Were you gearing up to go to Afghanistan again? Give us an idea of what you were doing.” Well when I got to this unit, they had just similarly gotten back from a deployment in Afghanistan. I believe they got back roughly a month or so before my unit got back, which was in July, so probably June or something. I don’t know exactly when they got back–– pretty much the same time that we did. So, they were in kind of the same phase where no one was really motivated to do any work and everything like that. I mean, you’re in the Army–– you know you’re going to deploy again. But when you get back, you know it’s not gonna be for a while. And, you still haven't gotten all of your conexes back, or in some cases vehicles if you send them over, or whatever it may be. So, anytime you get back from deployment there’s some kind of chill period for a couple months and everything like that. I believe last time we talked about how, pretty much, anyone Staff Sergeant–– E-6 and above–– in my platoon errored some kind of physical profile where they couldn’t do PT with us. Or, I don’t know. I’m sure some of them probably didn’t want to do PT. (2:17). So, they kind of left it to the NCOs in the unit–– the E-5 Sergeants–– to do it. But pretty much, it’s all these E-5 Sergeants who are just coming back from deployment who have themselves been recently promoted to Sergeant from E-4. Then you have a bunch of other E-4s who were either with these guys when they were in Afghanistan, or incoming guys like me who just got back from Afghanistan themselves. Pretty much when you in-process, you usually in-process with a bunch of other replacement kinds of guys. One of the �guys who went to the same platoon with me was in my previous platoon from my first unit, so I mean we’re all good buddies and then everyone else, they’re all from similar circumstances. So, you have guys who are leading you, who are not that much more experienced than you. Though, I mean, I’m not taking anything away from them–– they are more experienced than you. But at the same time, it’s not like you’re a new Private–– there’s a level of respect there and everything. So, we get there [and] they don’t really want to do PT, we don’t want to do PT either. [The] leaders tell us to go do PT and we just kind of blow that off and everything like that. (3:34). Interviewer: “So are you accepted in this new unit? Was there any sense of, ‘He’s a new guy, we don’t want to talk to him.’ Or, were you given a certain level of respect because you had been deployed already?” Yeah. I mean, pretty much if you’re a Specialist in the Army, you have a combat badge on–– a CIB on–– I mean, most leaders aren’t gonna mess with you too much or anything like that. I mean, they’re going to come down on you if you don’t know the right thing and everything like that, but you’re beyond the hazing phase. No one’s gonna come up to you and just tell you to do push-ups for no reason or anything like that–– they recognize that. Basically, we were in this chill period for the first few months until probably–– I mean, you slowly start moving out of it. Slowly training starts coming around. And then some days, you can’t just blow off everyday. Slowly, you have vehicles and mortar police that you need to take care of. There’s still inventories and layouts to do, and slowly you start getting field problems–– maybe just like a mortar shoot for a couple of days–– just to certify and everything like that. When you’re a mortar, you’re required to shoot so many rounds a year or something like that–– do one mortar certification a year, or something like that–– or six months. (5:07). [It’s] the same thing with marksmanship. Every soldier has to go to the range at least once a year–– but us being combat arms, that’s maybe expected a little bit more than just once a year since your weapon is your job. So, I mean, you start coming down with more ranges and everything–– just basic things. At first it’s just like we are going to the range just to recertify your weapon since you’ve gotten back from deployment or everything like that. But then, I mean, towards January when we started coming back up for mortar certification we’re outside, we’re pulling our mortars out of the arms room and signing them up and running drills and everything like that. So pretty much by January we were starting to get back into things. (6:01). Interviewer: “Of 2011?” Yeah. January of 2011 I kind of remember starting to get back to things. I mainly remember it because it was so fucking cold that first winter there in Colorado. There was a field problem where it was like one day–– I think it was probably 50/55 degrees or something like that, not too bad. I mean, enough that we were able to like take off our tops when in the field and just have our tan t-shirts on. Then, in like 36 hours the temperature goes down to like negative 30. �Needless to say, no one can really let that kind of shut down that field problem because when it’s that cold–– unless you’re like out in Alaska or you’re training for that–– it’s like, you can’t have people outside. They’re going to get hypothermia and have toes start falling off. So, that got canceled. But pretty much that entire January it was really cold. But, I mean, more or less, it continued for a few months after January, continuing to ease our way back into things. More and more field problems and everything like that. Still, it’s still a group of–– you have a bunch of Specialists, like myself [and] my buddy from my old unit and a bunch of other guys, and you have NCOs, and there’s still this kind of level of respect. It was until, I think, about May/June period–– May, I want to say–– we got an actual fresh batch of Privates straight from basic training and everything like that. Anytime that happens you kind of get a little excited because–– I mean especially being first Specialist–– like this is your first group of soldiers to help train up and you kind of have authority over and everything like that–– do some of the hazing yourself. (8:06). Interviewer: “So to pull it back a little bit, you’re kind of in this period where you come back and things aren't as strict, I guess, as they once were. You’re kind of in that period of limbo. Did you have time to go out and explore the local area? Did you spend more time with your family? Describe that–– what you did outside of your military duties during that time.” I was seeing soldiers that didn't have any family. I mean, I don’t get–– you know, my family is the same way–– they don’t understand that if you’re not out in the field or you don’t have CQ or staff duty where you have to man a phone for 24-hours, or you have some weird detail that comes down where they say, “Hey. You need to go guard this ammo supplier or these vehicles for a day” or something like that. I mean, on the average day, you go from 6:30 to 4:00 or 5:00 at night and then you get off and you’re done. I mean, it’s a 6:30 to 5:00 job, with some rather lengthy breaks in between, between PT and during lunch and everything like that. But, I mean, it’s kind of like a normal job in that aspect or whatever. I mean, in my case, I lived in the barracks, so you go to the barracks. I had my truck or whatever, I can drive off post all I want. I can go to the bars and everything like that. I mean, I wasn’t that big into the bar scene, but I did go out with my platoon and everything like that. I mean, my platoon drank a lot–– which is pretty typical for any kind of infantry unit, but yeah, they drank a lot. And we’re still kind of in that same kind of boat where there’s still that kind of no one is fucking with each other or anything like that, and that kind of respect. So, I mean, it didn’t matter if it was a work night or not, I mean, you–– guys in my unit, I mean, they were always–– every single night–– out at the bar and in the barracks drinking and everything. You would show up the next morning [to] PT still drunk or hungover, formation reeking of booze and stuff like that. And that’s just kind of the way of combat arms or anything like that. Especially when you’re fresh off of a deployment. There’s definitely excessive drinking and everything like that. I remember one night I was drunk where my buddy had to take me home, another guy in my platoon got a DUI. Now there’s a �couple of my buddies that got lost trying to find their car and eventually the cops pulled over and started talking to them and one of my buddies threw up on the cops shoes. So, I mean, yeah–– pretty standard stuff. I mean, when you’re outside of work, you’re free to do whatever you want. (11:15). Interviewer: “So when you get this new batch of Privates in, what sort of role did you play in kind of getting them up to shape within your unit?” Well, I mean, PT of course. That’s where it all starts and everything like that. Especially in Colorado when you are going to that kind of elevation. No matter where you are, you’re sucking. I mean, the best guys in PT will show up and usually one of the first things we would do is we take them on–– they call it “The Roller Coaster”–– where right in the back of my units in Fort Carson, there are all these rolling hills where people would go out and run PT and everything like that. Their nickname for that was like “The Roller Coaster” or whatever. Anytime you first get people in, you take them on a ruck march back there and everything like that–– or just any kind of thing. You’re running up and down these hills, your body is not acclimated to it, you can’t breathe. Pretty much everyone–– their first time–– pukes or something like that. So, I mean, you sort of start them off there. Then, I mean, they’re fresh Privates. Basic training doesn’t really teach you very much. I mean, it teaches you like–– it familiarizes you with it. I mean, they teach you stuff, but you’re not sure of it. Then you don’t remember certain parts. I mean, they teach you how to take apart a 240 Bravo machine gun and everything in basic training, but for most Privates, you get to your unit [and] you don’t remember that stuff and everything like that. (13:02). So, you have to retrain them on all of that stuff. They–– like the mortars, you only get a week's worth of training on the mortars in basic and that’s like what it is– – it’s just very basic and very familiar and everything like that. You don’t know anything. I mean, just working the actual sites and the guns–– different mortars have a little different finesse to them and everything like that. Between the 120, 81, and the 60 millimeter mortars–– just [the] different feel of them. I mean, pretty much when you’re in basic, all you do is kind of just learn the very minimum of getting your gun up on the poles and everything like that–– the aiming poles for the mortar. But, I mean, there’s so much more to being a mortar than that–– knowing each one of the jobs and everything like that. Knowing how to declinate and all those kinds of things. Then there’s just all kinds of things–– map-reading–– no one knows how to read a map when they get out. They don’t remember how to do any kind of first aid–– pretty much anything. You just have to teach them everything. And, I mean, you just had to hammer and hammer [it] into them. All of the Army skills, what they call them are perishable skills, where if you don’t use them, you lose them. So, I mean, there’s a constant kind of redrilling, and even once you teach them, you have to drill and drill and drill them on that. Once again, you’re kind of teaching them a level of discipline and everything like that, whereas [when] you first get into the Army, you still have that individual mentality and you’re still not used to the hierarchy–– and let’s just face it, the bullshit and illogical kind of decisions that you see. (15:10). Whereas when you’re a �brand new Private–– these new Privates come in and you get a job and it’s like, “Why do we have to do this?” “We have too. That’s why.” It’s like every Monday, you have to go down to the mortar pool and you have to do maintenance on your vehicle and check it–– regardless if you even started that vehicle in the past week. You still have to do it. So, they’ll come down like, “Why do we have to do this?” or, “Why do we have to do this layout for the third time this week?” I mean, a lot of the time it’s, “You don’t have to worry about it. That is for someone else who is higher up, who has a bigger picture of the circumstances, who [it] makes sense too.” Where you’re at, it seems stupid and everything like that, but I’ll say that half of the time there’s a reason. The other half of the time, it’s just busy work or someone’s just trying to cover their ass or they don’t know what the hell is going on [and] they’re just telling you to do something stupid. So, you’re trying to get them into the right mindset of just “do your job, recognize your role, and go on.” I mean, you’re not telling them–– you’re not making them into robots or you’re telling them not to think, but you’re getting them used to not questioning every single little order. You have to have a little bit of trust, and you might not understand your circumstances, but if you’re out there in combat, you can’t be questioning, “Why are we moving like this? Why did we fly through them like that?” “It’s because I fucking told you too.” It’s kind of like that. (17:00). Interviewer: “So at what point did you find out that you were going to be deployed again?” I don’t remember exactly when we figured that one out, but it was always there. I mean, we knew it. I don’t know exactly when word came down that, “You’re going to Afghanistan” in 2012, but I mean, it came down. I’m probably gonna say around sometime mid-summer in 2011. We had just moved into this new area. Our entire brigade moved to this other part of the post and everything. [I’m] pretty sure that’s when we kind of figured it out. Yeah, because pretty much at that point in time we knew we were going because in November, I believe, we went to JRTC down in Fort Polk. We had to get some kind of a heads-up to that, yeah. Interviewer: “So, were you doing any type of training to get yourself ready again to refresh?” Oh, yeah. I mean, you’re always training–– maybe not every single day. Sometimes you’re down in the mortar pool doing layouts, but like I said, depending on what your leaders decide–– depending on how much free time you have–– one day you’ll do a class on map-reading. Another day you’ll trial your mortars at the arms room and you’ll set them up in the back of your troop and you’ll run out some poles and you’ll do some drills. You’re going to the ranges and stuff. Then, of course, we have field problems mixed in where we would go out to the field for a week and you might do traditional 11-Bravo industry tactics–– like convoy tactics–– or you might just be out there doing mortar stuff, which is usually the case. (19:15). Usually we go out and do–– we spend part of the day doing mortar stuff and we’ll have another part of the day �where we’ll go out and do battle drills and squad movement and platoon movement techniques and everything like that. I guess I’ll say that one of the benefits of being a mortarman is since you’re just kind of attached to whatever unit you’re on, you’re never a part of the majority. You know, a lot of the time people kind of let you go off and do your own thing. And since none of your leaders–– like above your platoon level–– are mortarmen, they usually don’t take too much interest to come down and look too closely at you. They’ll stop by one time during the entire field problem and besides that, the rest of the time, it’s pretty much up to just your leaders discretion how exactly you’re going to be training and everything like that. (20:19). Interviewer: “What was your mindset knowing that you were going to go back to Afghanistan? You had already been there once. What were you thinking? How did you feel about the fact that you had to go back?” I was excited. I joined my first deployment or whatever, [but] this time I had a fresh group of Privates taking underneath my wing and everything like that so that was fun. I was looking forward to that. I hadn’t experienced anything too horrific or anything like that during my first deployment, so I still wanted to go over there and do my job, kill some Taliban or whatever. Interviewer: “So when did you leave?” Well, I guess, I personally left in April of 2012–– late April–– whereas the rest of my unit left in the beginning of March. Before we deployed or whatever, after JRTC and all of that stuff, each platoon or unit was asked to give up a guy to go to this dog handling for a couple months beforehand, where we would work with bomb sniffing dogs and they trained us up on that. Then they would send us out and we had a dog we were supposed to go–– when our platoons would go out. (22:19). So, I went through that. We spent some time in Indiana then Arizona. It was like the Ranger School of bomb sniffing dog course–– not like it was some real physical challenge or anything like that. I mean, it was just the fact that the attrition rate was like 50 percent and I eventually ended up flunking out because you have to have a certain–– you have to be able to read your dog and I just wasn’t able to get my dog to respond to me. I guess I didn’t read him very well but, nevertheless, I didn’t make it through that. Then they send me back to a unit and they had all deployed, so now it was just kind of waiting–– I’m sitting there with a bunch of kind of like broken guys doing rear admin stuff–– rear administrations of who couldn’t deploy and other guys who either just got into the unit or for some reason they couldn’t deploy when everyone else left and we’re kind of just sitting there waiting for a flight. So, we sat around for two/three weeks or whatever. Then we shipped out to Afghanistan, once again. [We] went the same route pretty much. I think we ended up stopping in Manas for a few days and then, instead of flying into Kandahar, we flew into Bagram. And once again we kind of just disseminated out into different units once we were there, and tried to get our flights to our respective FOBs where all of our guys were out at that time. (24:19). This time around my unit was in Nangarhar �province which is further north. My platoon was actually stationed at a FOB called Finley Shields, which is kind of right in the heart of Jalalabad–– which is the capital of that province. So, I mean, that was kind of a nice change of pace from Kandahar, where you were out in the middle of nowhere, in the middle of the fucking desert. Jalalabad is a lot more green–– I mean, still a rather arid environment, but still we’re in a city. Then the area outside of the city, it’s still kind of built up with villages and they have irrigation going and everything like that, so we actually had some kind of farmland to look at occasionally. But, it was still mostly desert once you got further out and everything like that. My platoon this time around, instead of doing the whole mortar thing, what my unit did was they took the mortar platoon–– which was originally assigned to the headquarters troop in our squadron–– and we probably had 20 some odd guys in it, and right before deployment they–– well not right before–– but a certain time before deployment–– probably around JRTC–– they split the mortar platoon up and five guys went to alpha troop, bravo troop, charlie troop. Then, my section–– it was probably about 12/13 guys–– we stayed in headquarters and we were tasked as the personal security detachment for our squadron commander when we were in Afghanistan. So, when we were in JRTC, we weren’t actually doing the training of an actual mortarman–– we were doing convoy tactics and everything like that, and kind of training to escort this guy around. So, that’s what we did when we got to Afghanistan. (26:40). Interviewer: “Was that similar to your first mission in your first deployment?” No. I mean, the first mission in the first deployment was we were just supposed to take some ANA, Afghan Army guys, to some polling stations or something like that. I mean, we weren’t tasked with watching after our squadron commander ever. I mean, the first deployment, that first mission was just these guys were tagging along with us–– we’re driving through these places, they got off–– whereas my platoon in this particular mission, our job was to specifically ensure the safety of our battalion commander and get him to wherever he was going. So, I mean, typically we had a select few places where we went. I mean, as battalion commander or squadron commander, he’s not going out on patrols and everything like that. But, we’re escorting him pretty much everyday to whatever FOB that alpha troop is on, or the FOB that charlie troop is on and bravo troop is on. Then there was just the other main bottom area, which was literally right across the row where he might occasionally go and everything like that. Even just across the street, you can’t go outside of the gate without an escort. So, we had to get in our vehicles and drive over there. (28:07). Interviewer: “So were you driving these vehicles? What was your specific role?” I was a gunner on–– I forgot the system–– but pretty much we had four vehicles. They were MATVs, which, if you know what an MRAP is, they’re smaller, they’re four-seaters, and then you have the gunner standing up out the top. I was in the lead vehicle, but instead of having one �standing at the top of the system, we had one of the automated turret systems, where I would be sitting in the seat behind the driver [and] I have a video screen right here, and I have pretty much a joystick, [so] I just worked the gun from there. A really cool system and everything like that. So, yeah. That was my job. Then occasionally, a lot of times we’d have like one guy who couldn’t do such-and-such. He couldn’t go on the mission for some reason, in which case another guy might take my spot and I would rotate out into another gunner’s position where I would be standing up top in a different vehicle. I don’t know. It’s kind of weird. I’ll say about a third of the time I went out, I had to switch out with someone else’s spot. Usually I’d go into–– I’d actually be in the vehicle with our squadron commander standing up top. That guy was kind of a douche. (30:06). Like, he was the kind of guy who really, really got off on the whole Army thing–– like in a bad way. Like, way to gung-ho and everything–– and not in a good sense. I mean, he was kind of pudgy and everything like that, so he’s not like some kind of super Ranger guy–– though he did have his Ranger tab, which is another funny story–– but he’s the kind of guy that would smoke cigars inside the MATV when we were going around. He actually named his son Patton and everything like that, so yeah. He’s striving to be the next Douglas MacArthur and everything like that. But, we were escorting him around. We would escort him to–– in addition to the various FOBs out there–– we would escort him also to the governor’s palace in the middle of the city and everything. He would usually go there once a week and he would talk to the Afghani governor there about–– I don’t know what. (31:17). Interviewer: “Did you have any contact with the enemy in any of these missions that you were on?” No. I didn’t. I mean, one thing that kind of puts in perspective how these–– how do I say this? You kind of got a sense of the Taliban’s actual ability to perceive things in the fact that we didn’t get attacked. This is 2012. The Afghan Army is more–– I mean, they’re running patrols out there. They’re all over the province. You go out and you see them everywhere. And the Taliban knows that our time is kind of winding down. When we would go out, we would roll through an area. It’d be like–– maybe we would get to a FOB and then we’d hear like that ten minutes after we passed through that area that the Afghan Army came through and they hit an IED or something like that. Or, it was like either right before or right after. I mean, we’d roll through these areas every single day, so you kind of got the sense that they knew that they didn’t want to provoke us too much to get more involved than we already were. Well, I don’t think we were that active, I mean, even with the patrols and everything at that point in time. And also, I think this might be kind of an economic kind of thing where as we’re driving these giant MATVs, whereas the Afghan Army is driving Toyota Hilux’s. It takes a much bigger bomb to blow us up and even if they start firing at us, we’re in a giant armored vehicle. It would be very hard to actually kill one of us and not the Afghans. (33:37). �Interviewer: “Do you think they purposely avoided your convoys because they couldn’t do much to you?” Yeah I do, because, I mean, there were many times where the Afghan Army got hit right after we came through an area. So, that meant they would have had to watch us go through–– and there were points in time where we had to stop and wait at a certain area, so if they really did want to hit us, they could have. I mean, there’s one main road. There’s not a lot of alternate routes you can take or anything like that, so we’re going to like four different places and we’re rolling out every single day. They know we’re going through there everyday–– if they wanted to hit us, they could have hit us. I mean, I don’t know if it was also the fact that–– they probably knew that also it was our squadron Commander out there so, I don’t know, maybe an idea that [if] you take out this guy, a whole shit-storm would come down on you. But again, a province up in Kunar–– our brigade Sergeant Major or whoever, they were out doing some key leader engagement and a suicide bomber took him out. So, I mean, it’s not like the Taliban is everywhere laying off–– and it all depends on the area and everything like that. I mean, Kunar has always been kind of a shitstorm in certain areas of Kandahar. Like I said, it’s always been kind of a bad place. But, where we were at, nothing much. (35:10). Like a couple of weeks before I arrived, they attacked our FOB and everything like that. They blew up [a] big old hole in the wall of our FOB, and a couple Taliban guys came storming in and there was a big firefight and our guys ended up just completely waxing those guys and everything like that. They threw grenades and ended up burning down a couple barracks and there were holes through other barracks walls and everything like that. Like, they blew a hole in the wall right here and then there's a line right here of CHUs where our guys were staying. One of my NCOs, he was on the first floor and his room’s like right on the very end and there–– he wasn’t there at the time–– but he came back to his room and there are bullet holes all through his place. Our guys took him out. A few guys got wounded, but no one seriously or anything like that–– just flesh wounds and ankles or something like that. Guys got Purple Hearts, but these Taliban guys got destroyed real quick. I wasn’t there for any of that, but besides that nothing much happened. One time we were on patrol–– one time we were escorting a guy–– [and] another one of our platoon’s were out and they got into a little firefight with the Taliban. We were right by their area and we just stepped on the gas and literally, as soon as we pulled up, the firing stopped. I don’t know if they saw us pulling up or what. Or maybe they were more likely to attack this other platoon because they recognized that my platoon was the one with the squadron Commander. Or, for all I know, it could have been just completely dumb-luck. You don’t know. You can’t really sit down and talk with the Taliban. As far as we know, our interpreter wasn’t Taliban and he couldn’t tell us that. (37:39). Interviewer: “Now you had talked before, when I asked you about how you felt about going back to Afghanistan, that you wanted to go and you wanted to essentially–– you said something on the grounds of you wanted to get contact with the enemy–– or you were, in a way, looking forward to it. Was there any frustration that you weren’t getting contact with the enemy? Did you want that, in a way? Or, were you happy that you were––” �Yeah. I wanted the firefight and everything–– and do all of the cool guy shit you see in the movies, but I mean at the same time, you go out on patrol every single day and it just gets monotonous where it’s like, you’re just done with it. You’re like, “This is just bullshit” and everything like that. My first deployment–– anytime they ever needed any mortar to go out on some kind of mission, I wanted to go. By the second deployment I’m like, “I don’t want to go out today. I want to stay in my room and watch movies.” [Like], I didn’t want to get my gear on in 110/120 degree weather, so I can drive down the same road I’ve driven down for the past three months and everything like that. So my desire for combat was definitely dulled in my second time around and everything like that. (39:17). Interviewer: “Just kind of serve your time and go home at that point?” Yeah, pretty much. I mean, the whole time I continued to desire [it], but it is also this counter desire that I don’t want to go out and do this bullshit right now. I’ve escorted this commander to FOB Toracom 30 fucking times–– it’s going to be the same thing. Though, at the same time, certain FOBs have certain benefits, whereas Toracom and–– I don’t remember the couple of other FOBs–– it was FOB Torkham which was right on the border of Pakistan where the actual border crossing is. So, it was kind of cool where it was kind of all of the bounds up and around. You could actually run up a couple of them and see Pakistan. They had really good food, so that was always a benefit if you went there. Then there was FOB Shinwar, which was a shithole. They didn’t have any good food. Then there was one other one where our Bravo Troop was at and they had good food, so we would go there. A lot of the time, we’d steal a bunch of sodas and Gatorades from their mess facility and keep them for our platoon. We couldn’t do that at our FOB. I mean, there were some benefits to that, but yeah. (40:58). Interviewer: “Now, did you have any sort of experience or, not contact, but relationship–– or did you come across any members of the Afghan Army?” Yeah. Like I said, being 2012 there’s this increasing emphasis on getting the Afghans involved and everything like that. When we first got there, anytime our commander wanted to go out–– which was damn near everyday–– there was our facility and then there was a compound that was attached to it. When I say compound, it was another kind of bricked-up, walled-in area and everything like that. But, there was a gate in between and they couldn’t cross over into our area– – we had to go over there. Just to go over there, we needed to escort our Commander over there just because there was this–– we didn’t trust the Afghanis at this time. There were a lot of Afghan Army/Afghan Police attacks on soldiers, so we couldn’t just allow him to walk over there. So any time he had to go over there and meet someone, one of our guys had to come. But then any time we rolled out, we had to go over there and tell them, “Hey, we want some of your guys to go escort us.” We’d go there and tell them we’d have to wait for them to show up. �They’d usually be late or something like that. Eventually, it just got to be too much of a hassle so we just said, “Fuck it.” (42:49). One time, we did have some of these guys come over–– I think they were Afghan Police and Afghan Army–– and you spent the day trying to give them some training–– like marksmanship training, working with weapons and everything like that. We told them how to promptly hold and then get down behind your weapon and have a sturdy shooting position. Then we took them out to this little 25 meter range we had built up on our FOB, and we set up some targets and we had them shoot at it, and they were pretty much the worst fucking marksmans I have ever seen in my life. I didn’t expect them to be getting bullseyes or anything like one after another, but I assumed [that] when you have a target that is three feet, three-and-ahalf feet by two-and-a-half feet wide, only 25 meters away, and you have an AK-47, you should be able to hit the paper at least. I mean, you don’t even have to aim out of your sights for that–– you can just point and shoot. I could give a gun to my kid sister or something and she could do that, but these guys–– I mean, it’s remarkable how they were completely incompetent at this and they couldn’t hit the paper. I mean, they didn’t know how to just aim down their sights at all. It was shocking. (44:30). Interviewer: “Were they using any sort of American weaponry?” Yeah. There were–– I believe the Afghan Police, they tend to have the whole, kind of, leftover AK-47s, whereas the actual Afghan Army, they have M-16s that they got from us somehow. So yeah, they had two different weapons mainly, but they were pretty fucking incompetent. Pretty much after the first few months, we just stopped worrying about them. Interviewer: “Talking to some other veterans, a lot of them had talked about how marijuana usage was common, at least in their experience with the Afghan soldiers. A lot of them would get high while they were on duty. Did you see anything like that?” No. Like I said, pretty much our interactions with them was [to] go grab them, tell them we’re going out on a trip to escort our Commander somewhere, tell them, they show up, our Commander shows up, begin the vehicles, we rollout. So no, I didn’t actually see any of them getting high and everything. But, I mean, I’ve heard stories from other guys. My first deployment, our unit ran some kind of training program for the Afghan Army on our FOB, and I remember hearing one of the Afghan guys in the training program–– I don’t know if they failed out–– I don’t remember exactly what was going on–– but he was going through like withdrawals during the training program. They needed to miss [for] some medical treatment or something like that. I don’t know. Then you hear other things like that the Afghan security forces in the towers smoke weed or something like that. But, I didn’t see it. (46:41). Interviewer: “So you were talking about–– we were talking earlier that it was known that, especially like within, you guys knew [that] the Taliban had a sense that the Americans �were in the process of pulling out, you know. Give control to the Afghan people. How did you feel that was going? Did you feel like that was going well or not?” From my perspective, it seemed fine. I would say yeah, these guys–– the Afghan Army and everything like that–– they were incompetent. I mean, they showed up late and they couldn’t shoot and everything like that. But at the same time, I think they do have some NCO–– some guys who have been in it. Occasionally, you’ll see a guy who actually looks squared away and everything like that. Like I said earlier, when you go out, they are doing patrols and everything like that. When you see them, I mean, you’re bound to pick up something. You can only hit so many bombs before you start realizing [that] we need to start looking for bombs and how to look for them. So, these guys did know things. There’s times where I remember one time going out and we would drive up and we had to stop because the Afghan Army guys were in a row because they just found an IED and they were waiting for Explosive Ordnance Disposal–– EOD–– to show up. So they are able to find these bombs. They have some competence to them, so there’s that, and there weren't too many attacks in the whole Nangarhar region. So in that area, it did seem pretty squared away. And not every Afghan is a pot-smoking, loser or whatever. (48:48). Our interpreter, he was actually from Jamabad and at the end of the day he would go home to his family and stuff like that. He was the same age as me at the time and everything like that. I mean, he had his head on his shoulders. He was a smart guy and everything like that, pretty cool. He wasn’t any kind of radicalized or anything like that. He had some pretty liberal, enlightened views. Though, I mean, there was one funny time where one of the guys in my truck–– another one of the Privates that came in, but by this time, now that we’re deployed, he’s actually very competent. He was one of the more successful soldiers, but he was one of the guys who just always liked to talk shit and get underneath people’s skin. I guess you could take it as a compliment at the fact that he felt comfortable enough to mess with our interpreter and everything like that. [Had] a big debate about–– at one point in time–– about the Quran and everything which is normally a big no-no. [It’s like] just don’t bring up religion around the Afghans. But, I mean, the guy’s pretty cool. (50:11). It was just funny for the fact that at one point in time he was saying, “No. It’s been proven all the stuff in the Quran,”–– I’m not a theological expert by any means, but according to his claims, at some point in time Muhammad or Allah like split the moon in two and then put it back together. He said that NASA went up and actually verified that. My buddy is just like making fun of this and I [had] just had [it]. I’m like, “No. No. No. That is not true. We are NASA. NASA is our program. They did not find any of this. We would have heard about this.” But, yeah, besides that he was a really good guy and competent. So not all Afghans were all radical, kind of extremists or incompetent drug addicts. I mean overall, there wasn’t too much action going on in the region. I mean, you did see them out there and some of them hit IEDs, but they also found quite a bit. I doubt the Taliban is any more competent than the Afghan Army. (51:30). �Interviewer: “So, your main job was to run these convoys. Were you doing anything else during this deployment?” No, not really. That was our main task, just to escort our Commander around. And, like I said, he was a rather gung-ho guy. He wanted to actually get into contact more than anyone else I think. I remember one time the Taliban had detonated a huge bomb in the road or whatever. There was a massive crater–– I mean, looking at this room, [it] was probably about the width of this room or something like that. So I mean looking at the room, I don’t know–– ten feet wide or something like that. So, it was a pretty big crater and it was in the middle of the actual paved street on the way to one of our FOBs. So as soon as they detonated that, all of the sudden, for the next like two weeks–– we went to that FOB every single day–– and like the day after this happened we went there [and] we went to FOB Shinwar. We were there and we were going to roll back and as soon as we pulled out of the gate, our Commander came over the radio, “Let’s go and stop by that crater and actually stop and get out so I can take some pictures of that. As soon as that came over the radio everyone in my truck goes “Ah. You idiot.” Because, I mean, just come out and say it. We know you want to stop and try to draw fire or something like that. You want to stop by an IED site to take pictures? I mean, come on man. I want to get into contact too, but don’t do it in a way that is actually willingly exposing us to contact. If it happens, it happens but yeah, no one really liked him. (53:48). Interviewer: “What was your opinion on the general status of the war in Afghanistan at this time? It’s kind of a general question, but did you have a sense of how things were going in a broader sense when you were there?” I don’t know. I would say [during] my first deployment–– and maybe it was just for the fact that more people got actually killed out of our brigade than in the second time around, and I think we were also a little more consolidated whereas the second time around–– my first deployment, most of our brigades were within the Kandahar province, whereas this time around–– I meant most of our battalions within our brigade were in Kandahar–– but the second time around it was only like 361 in Nangarhar. I think another battalion was up in Kunar, and I don’t even know where everyone else was. So I think it was a little bit harder to get a sense of how things were–– we weren’t getting attacked, so. But I mean, you hear some attacks. Then also people–– it kind of seemed like we weren’t going out on patrols as much and everything like that. So it’s really hard to say. (55:24). I don’t know, I mean Afghanistan, it’s never going to be like a westernized nation or anything like that. But I mean, at the same time, when we go out to the Governor’s palace and you can see schoolgirls out–– depending on the time of the year–– that kind of stops in the summer. But I mean, you actually see schoolgirls out going to school, so that’s one positive sign that the Taliban isn’t too influenced or anything like that and there’s some kind of success there. I guess you could kind of get a sense that–– when you roll down the road, you can get a sense that some areas are more friendly to the Afghan government–– the U.S.–– than �others. Sometimes you go down the road [and] kids and people would wave at you and you would wave back. Other times you roll through an area and people are just mean mugging you and fucking little kids are throwing rocks at you and everything like that. So, I mean, you kind of get the sense that–– I mean, judge by the kids. If the kids are nice to you, the area is probably pretty good. [If] you roll through an area where kids are throwing rocks at you or something like that, you probably can get a sense that their daddies don’t like you too much, but yeah, I don’t know. Nangarhar, most of the time, seemed pretty well put together in the sense that as well as an Afghan province could be put together and everything like that. (57:04). Interviewer: “Now is there anything else in your second deployment that sticks out to you that maybe we didn’t cover? I know you mentioned that–– I think it was Combat Outpost Keating–– The Outpost book that was written.” Yeah. Interviewer: “You had some men in your unit that were involved in that? Or you were somehow––” Well just for the fact that–– like going back to when I first got to the unit. Like I said, these guys had just gotten back from Afghanistan–– or they had just gotten back from Keating and the rest in the Kunar/Nuristan area. Our bravo troop who was up at Keating–– my platoon Sergeant at the time, I don’t know if he got wounded there or not, but I mean, at one point in time he got wounded or whatever. But he was at Keating when it all went down. They lost one of their mortars there. Another one of my guys, he was at Keating when it went down. He earned a Silver Star. Like you said, the book The Outpost, a few times he got excused for the day to go interview with the actual guy who was writing the book. When we first got there, there were these guys that were at Keating, who were now in my platoon working with the guys who got the Medal of Honor, [and] guys that also died and everything like that. Then the rest of the guys–– even if they were at Keating–– they pretty much experienced contact on like a constant basis. They fired a shitton of mortars. My first Sergeant when I got there and my roommate when I first got there, they had both been wounded when they were up during that previous deployment. They weren’t at Keating. Actually, the first Sergeant and my roommate got wounded at the same time and they were together. So I mean, they had a pretty tough deployment and everything like that. Now it’s kind of interesting that these guys were at Keating and everything like that. (59:38). Interviewer: “So when was your tour over? You said you got there in late April, when did you finally end up leaving?” �At the end of November. I don’t know if we made it to December. If we did it would have been the first couple of days of December. I know we did miss Thanksgiving, so it was definitely at the end of November that we finally left there. Interviewer: “Now was there any type of award ceremony? You’ve been on quite a few combat missions. What was that whole process [like]? Was there any type of award?” Yeah. Well traditionally, the way it has become–– which is kind of messed up–– is everyone kind of gets an end-of-tour award, where your platoon Commander writes up a recommendation and they submit it. Typically Specialists like myself and Privates below and even–– I’ll say typically E-6 and below, they get Army Commendation medals, unless you actually saw combat or you did something valorous, in which case you might get an ARCOM with a V device–– V for valor–– or a Bronze Star with a V device or just a Bronze Star. Of course, if you do something more extraordinary, you get something more. But yeah, standard procedure [is] just ARCOM. (1:01:38). Though my first deployment, I got fucked out of that because there was some weird guidelines my first unit about like–– I don’t know, it was weird. Like all of the Scouts got awards, but all of our guys got kind of fucked over. Whereas my PCS award–– that’s another thing–– it’s like anytime you leave your unit, you’re just getting an award also. So, I got an Army Achievement Medal for my first unit deployment and transferring out of my first unit. But my second time around, I got ARCOM for that. But the whole system is just fucked up and it pisses a lot of vets off because it’s just an automatic thing. And it doesn’t matter what you do really. I mean, it matters what you do–– if you do something valorous, you are going to get something more, but it’s fucked up because I–– who went out on patrol everyday–– am getting the same award as someone who sat inside the wire, just inside the talk all day. I personally don’t think anyone should get an award for just going over there. I mean, guys in World War II–– you go through Hiroshima, Okinawa–– it’s like you have a campaign ribbon or something like that. Now, it’s like I put on my Class A uniform and I’m looking like a South American dictator and everything with all of my ribbons and cords and everything like that. So I mean, that’s kind of fucked up because, in a way, it seems like you’re implying those guys didn’t last which is obviously not true. (1:03:21). But even so, I know guys that have gotten into combat and everything like that and they still come out with just ARCOM, whereas anyone who is E-7 or above, they automatically get a Bronze Star which is completely fucked up. You can have an E-7 or a First Lieutenant or something who sat on their ass in a talk, or just coordinating the base defense–– and I’m not saying they don’t work, but they’re never putting their ass on the line. I’m not saying I did either. I’m not saying I deserve anything, but I’m just saying that I know guys who did do this and you’re saying that this guy who did nothing–– just because of his rank–– deserves more than this Private, or whatever, who’s been working his butt off and putting his ass on the line. You’re giving him something more? I’ve heard the argument made, “Well when you’re higher up…When you’re an E-7 you’re a Lieutenant, Captain, you have more responsibility. You are responsible for all of this.” Which, okay, yeah that’s true. You have more �in your scope of focus, but you’re telling me that a Private who goes out every single day, sweats his ass off, watching his buddies back and everything like that, gets into contact and everything like that. Maybe he loses friends and everything like that. He’s putting himself on the line. I mean, he’s working physically harder–– maybe his job isn’t as mentally toughest. When I say mentally tough I mean like intelligently engaging, like maybe his job doesn’t use as much critical thinking, but you’re telling me that he’s not working as hard as this person who’s sitting on their butt all day. He’s probably working harder. He’s putting his ass on the line. And still, this E-7–– this Lieutenant–– is getting more than this Private. That is just fucked up to the ultimate level. (1:05:34). Like I think I mentioned on the earlier tape, the guy from our troop that got blown-up and killed, I’d worked with him closely on a number of occasions. I really liked the guy and everything. I never hung out with him outside of work, but I mean [a] real funny guy–– awesome person–– and he got blown-up and killed. His wife and his kid are never going to see him again, and he gets a Bronze Star for that. The same award as this fucker who’s sitting in a talk doing nothing. He gives his life, and according to the Army, he gets the same award? It is the biggest fucking injustice in the world. (1:06:18). Interviewer: “It’s kind of like insufficiently awarding people for what they’re doing.” Yeah. I don’t want to say insignificant, which would imply that some people deserve more–– I’m saying people deserve less. Go ahead and give that Private in our comp, but don’t give that First Lieutenant, who’s in the talk, any award. Don’t give him shit. You don’t need it, who cares? I mean, there’s this thing where it’s like now in the Army, if you want to get promoted, you need awards and everything like that. Well, change that system and everything like that. You don’t have to give away all of these awards. I mean, I think it does an injustice to soldiers in the past who didn’t get awards like they do now, and it definitely does an injustice to lower-ranking soldiers who do more and risk more [who] get something awarded than someone who possibly had a “cake job” their entire deployment. Interviewer: “Do you think that can affect their performance or their performance of their duty? Or do you think that doesn’t really come in?” I don’t think it comes in because when you’re out on patrol you’re not thinking “I want an award. I want an award.” I mean some guys–– I’m sure–– do want to get some kind of award or recognition. I mean, I never really gave a shit that much about that, except for when it came to the idea of promotion points. Since it is a part of the game, you do need promotion points–– it shouldn’t be a part of it, but you do. So I just wanted those promotion points. But overall, and even if you do want an award, I would say for probably about 99 percent of people it’s not like a constant thing where you are thinking about it and it’s motivating you or not. I mean, you’re there to do your job–– that’s what you care about–– whether you do your job and are fulfilling your obligations to the guys around you and your unit. (1:08:28). �Interviewer: “So you finished your deployment, where did you go?” Well [I] finished the deployment, went back home to the States, same kind of thing with my first unit around. You get back, it’s the beginning of December, you’re waiting for everyone else to get back, you’re finally going to take your post-deployment block-leave during Christmastime–– when you would normally take block leave. But, we had a few weeks to go. We’re waiting for people to get back. Pretty much, we’re going into work at nine o’clock [and] they’re telling us to go home at 9:30. Interviewer: “Where were you at this time?” We’re back in Colorado–– Fort Carson. I mean, we’re still waiting for guys to get back. There’s nothing to do. There’s absolutely nothing to do. And the rear detachment guys who didn’t deploy, they can stay at whatever details or CQ staff duty that’s going on–– any kind of maintenance–– they just leave that to those guys. The guys who just got back, they’re not going to make you do anything like that. So me and my buddies, everyday–– coming back from deployment, especially the second time around, it was just awesome because all this money and everything like that. Nothing but free time. And some guys completely blow it all, but I mean, mainly, it’s just the fact that me and my buddies would get off of work at 9:30 and would immediately go to the shop at the little convenience stores on post. They sell alcohol there, and we would just get three cases of beer and we’d just sit at our barracks room all day playing Call of Duty until five o’clock–– drinking the whole time until we got bored–– and then we’d order pizza and then we’d start playing drinking games and everything like that. Then we’d go back to playing Call of Duty–– this was all at two o’clock in the morning. Get up, go into work, and repeat the same process again. It was so fun and [we] drank so much, but it was so chill and we had no worries. (1:10:43). Interviewer: “How much time did you have left in the military when you got back from your second deployment?” About a year. My ETS date was January 26, 2014. We got back in December of 2012, but I had saved up enough leave that I was going to be able to start my terminal leave pretty much the last two months or so–– two-and-a-half months. I had enough leave saved up that I could leave the Army early, and for the last two-and-a-half months of my time. I was home and everything like that. I was just using my leave days up. So yeah, about a year left. So I quickly got into the “I’m checked out” kind of mindset. I mean, I still did my job and everything like that. I continued to train the new batch of Privates that came in afterwards and the Privates from the past deployments who are now turning Specialists. That’s always kind of a nice little feeling of accomplishment, seeing how far they’ve progressed and everything. Especially considering like– – I’m sure my NCOs would disagree–– but considering that I would say I spend probably, like �me and some of the other Specialists, we probably spent 75 percent more time with these guys, teaching them stuff more than you would see any of our NCOs. They did teach them, but kind of, like, some of the–– it was really me and a few other Specialists that really hammered into these guys. (1:12:36). Most of the time the way it kind of worked was our NCOs were going to spend most of their day inside the office and everything like that–– the mortar office. They would tell us to go out and do something. They would tell us Specialists and we would go out and make sure the Privates did it and we would help them along the way and teach them things. Like, working with the Humvees and everything like that. Then, of course, there would be other times where the NCOs would ask us to lead classes–– and they would teach classes too and everything like that–– and whether we’re leading the class or the NCO’s leading the class, we’re there teaching them the whole time. What the NCO might run through–– like taking apart and putting together a 240–– as soon as they’re done, we split off behind weapons and it would be like me on one weapon, supervising a bunch of Privates and everything. I don’t need the training, they know I can do it, so they tell me to make sure that they do it. You kind of slowly teach these guys how to be soldiers. It’s kind of like a good accomplishment seeing how far they go and everything like that. (1:13:51). Interviewer: “Did you spend the entirety of your 12 months training this new batch of guys then? Or did you have other duties as well?” Well the Privates didn’t get there until like May, June, July–– kind of like when the first batch of Privates got in. Maybe a later bit later, actually. Maybe it was like June/July we got the new Privates in. But at this point in time–– well, one part–– I was checked out. So the NCOs aren’t going to ask too much of me when it comes to this new batch of Privates. I worked with both, but at this point in time, the Privates from the first deployment, they’re Specialists now. It’s their job to take care of these new Privates. So anytime a job would come down, they’re not going to ask me–– well, they’re still going to ask me–– but at the same time, they’re going to ask these other Privates–– or these new Specialists–– to take care of these Privates because they’re going to be the next leaders and everything like that. It’s their job to teach these guys up. At this time, I’m three levels up the hierarchy of Privates, new Specialists, “I’m getting out, I don’t give a fuck.” So I was just kind of at the point where I’m kind of senior [to] all of these guys–– it’s kind of just more supervising them. Though, it’s hard to supervise and not give input or anything like that. I mainly tried to take a step back. Any time any of my old Privates/new Specialists would come up to me and a lot of the time I would say, “It’s your job. Figure it out.” and everything like that. (1:15:58). Interviewer: “Does anything particularly stick out to you during this time, or is it kind of waiting till that clock runs out? �I was mainly waiting till the clock runs out. We had to go through a bunch of classes that you have to do when you’re exiting. Interviewer: “Describe those.” I don’t remember. We had to go through some finance class. Teaching us [how] to write resumes. You need to go around and make sure you have all of these different paperwork stamped off from finance. You need to make sure you turn in all your gear, which is the biggest pain in the ass of all because they want it looking better than you actually got it–– and that’s not an exaggeration at all. I don’t know. There’s so many different [things]–– it takes like three months to get it all done and stuff. Interviewer: “Do they try to give you some guidance as to how civilian life is going to be different than what you’re used to in the military? Since the fact that you had been on two deployments–– like was there an effort to try to help you decompress and to get you back into civilian life as smoothly as possible or do they kind of let you do that on your own?” Well when you first come back from deployment, they did give us a couple of classes on that–– or something like that–– like how things are going to be different. And when you’re exiting our military again, they kind of go through the same kind of classes where it’s like, “Things are different” and everything like that. I mean, like you go to college [and] these little 19 year-olds are going to frustrate the hell out of you and people are not going to be disciplined. I mean, they tell you all of this stuff–– I don’t know how well it works. I don’t know how well they can prepare anyone for that. It’s just–– I think–– individual level. (1:18:00). Some guys handle it more than others. I mean, some people are just charismatic and can just jump right back into civilian life, and then others have a hard time reconnecting. There’s like such a divide between the civilian mindset and the military mindset of priorities, personal responsibility. Civilians, of course, are going to complain about things that soldiers are going to find trivial and you don’t have the connection between you and civilians that you had in your unit and stuff. Some people handle it better than others, and of course some people have other demons that they might have held onto from their deployment or whatever. They can’t reintegrate as well, and I don’t know, the Army just messes up your life in a lot of different ways and everything like that, and then you’re starting completely over with your life. [You] get out and depending on how long you spent in–– I spent six years in–– so I go to college and I remember being in this Spanish class and saying what years we were born in in Spanish, I was born in ‘88 and the closest person to my age was like 1994 or something. I mean, there’s this big kind of divide and these kids are just getting out of high school and you’ve been on two combat deployments–– and of course if you stay in longer, it’s even worse. I don’t know. It depends on the person, like I said. My squad leader for my second deployment–– I don’t know exactly what happened–– when I was transferring out of the unit, I thought he was staying in [and] he was going to PCSing–– moving �to Hawaii and everything–– but I found out that shortly after I got out, apparently he did not PCS and for some reason, he got out of the Army. I thought he reenlisted or whatever, but I don’t know exactly what happened. I don’t know if he got in trouble–– I don’t think he did–– or I don’t know if there’s some kind of program that let him opt out, but he got out and for some reason he killed himself. I don’t know if that was Army related or not. (1:20:51). Interviewer: “Before we paused here you were talking about dealing with different people that you’ve known dealing with being out of the military and kind of decompressing [and] readjusting into civilian life. I wanted to pull it back just a little bit and just talk about when you got out of the service, did you have an idea of where you wanted to go, what you wanted to do, did you have a plan?” They require you to have a plan before you get out. Like, you have to show them that you have employment and some kind of housing setup before you get out or something like that. I don’t know what happens if you don’t show them that–– I mean, they can't just keep you in forever, but that’s a part of it. You have to do that, so before I got out I started applying around–– I knew I wanted to go back to school, so I started applying around. I applied to Western and I applied to Grand Valley. (1:22:04). Interviewer: “What did you want to study?” Well, I wanted to study history and I originally went in as a Social Studies major, with the whole other teaching major thing, but I quickly decided that I wanted to go beyond just high school or whatever. I wanted to eventually go on and go to grad school and get a PhD and become a history professor, so I quickly switched over to actually just a straightforward history major. Interviewer: “So you did choose Grand Valley–– just to make that clear.” Yes, I did choose Grand Valley. My grades were okay in high school. I think I had a 3.4 or a 3.3 GPA. I didn’t think I could have gotten into Michigan, though now that I’ve talked to some veterans I probably could have because as long as you have that GI Bill–– a guaranteed paycheck for the school–– they lower their standards somewhat for you. I’ve heard of people getting into Michigan with lower GPAs than mine, but I could be wrong. But yes, I chose Grand Valley. Like I said, at the time I thought that I was going to possibly go into a high school history teacher. I remember going through school and I knew a number of my teachers went to Grand Valley, so I was like it’s only an hour away from my hometown. I spent all this time away, teachers went there. It seemed like a good fit. (1:23:44). �Interviewer: “Is there anything that you would like to mention before we end this interview here? How would you say that the military–– being in the military–– and your deployments affected your life overall?” I don’t know if there’s anything else to add for my military experience at this point, but overall how it impacted my life, I guess I’d say I would definitely not be as successful as I am now. Like I said, in high school I wasn’t the worst kid, I wasn’t the best kid ever. Right in the middle of my class–– 3.3 GPA so I was like, so it was like a B+ average. But, I mean, my parents rode my ass the whole time. I probably shouldn’t have even gotten that GPA and stuff. But now that I’ve been at Grand Valley, I’ve done very, very well. Like, I think my GPA is a 3.9 right now and I hold that to the military. One, I mean, it’s given me the discipline to do work–– I mean I still struggle to get myself to do work and stuff instead of playing video games sometimes, but it’s helped me somewhat there and it’s given me kind of fear of failing, and also this overall lull that I recognize–– I guess I can recognize–– how do I say this? I know what I am capable of. So the Army has given me the ability to strive to that level of what I know what I am able to do. (1:26:04). I’m not saying that I’m a complete perfectionist or whatever, but I know I can be right up there and everything like that. And when I fall short of that, I get on myself and everything like that. That’s thanks to my Army training. You’re expected to be able to perform at this high level and if you’re not there, your leaders get on your ass about it. Also, I think it’s just being in the military and I think I’ve also always had an inquisitive mindset and having worked with people from every different kind of background–– being over in Afghanistan kind of late in the war when people are kind of asking questions about its validity and everything like that. Or, being in the Army, getting these orders that I didn’t understand and working with leaders that would give me jobs and telling me to go tell these Privates to do these jobs, at the time it seems like they’re unfair or they don’t make sense, and that kind of helped me get into the mindset where I am able to stepback and kind of look at the whole picture and trying way different sides of the argument and try and put myself in the mindset of leaders [and] put myself in the mindset of the Privates and everything like that. So, I mean, I think that’s helped me, especially being a historian, where you have to kind of put yourself in different positions and different motives and stuff like that. I mean, and the Army just gives you–– it teaches you to think in a different way whereas a lot of the times, just working with Privates that are fresh out of high school and everything, there’s just kind of this thing where the answer is just not there, civilians tend to not know exactly where to look–– or it’s like you look one other place, then you just kind of give up. (1:28:21). An example, we’re tasked with doing some layouts. We get all of our stuff out at the convex we’re at and we have done and we put it back in. The Privates go to shut the door, and the door doesn’t latch or whatever and they just keep on going back and forth with the lever. And it never occurs to them to look around and [see] how to troubleshoot the situation and everything like that. Where they’re like, “Specialist Grace, the door’s broken.” And I have to go up there and instead of trying to force it or whatever, you just have to take a step back and I’m teaching them to take a step back and look around at all the different kinds of parts of that situation where �you had to diagnose the problem. And I just look up and the top of the way it latches, they have these hooks that go in and kind of secure themselves, and I’m like, “The hooks aren’t lined up” or something like that. It’s just–– civilians, in my experience, don’t know how to take that step back and look and think. Like anytime you’re in the military, you should know that chances are when you’re out on patrol, your radio is going to go down for some God knows reason because that’s how radios work. And initially, when you first get in, the radio doesn’t work. It’s like, “Okay. Is it plugged in?” “It’s plugged in.” “Is it on the right channel?” “It’s on the right channel.” “Why isn’t it working?” And then you just stop right there, whereas when you get more experience you learn to take a step back like, “It’s plugged in. It’s on the right channel. Okay. Is the dagger working?” No not the dagger–– is the time right in it? (1:30:18). The way encryption works–– the way the radios work–– you put in the encryption or whatever and all the radios are synchronized with a different time and the way the encryptions works is, the radios are bouncing around different frequencies all at the same time. So, you put a time into all of the radios and then everyone’s radios are in sync, so then when your radio’s frequency bounces up to this different frequency, it’s going to be on the same frequency as someone else's radio which is bouncing up at the same time. Whereas if you’re not in and don’t have that encryption and you’re not on that right time, you’re not going to be bouncing around at the same frequencies at the same time. And also, at the same time, it’s like, you take your step back to correctly input it, and ask “Is the encryption filled? Is that input?” Perhaps the cable is frayed that the rack is in. The connection where the actual radios go in and connect, perhaps the little metal things that insert into the back of the radio mount–– maybe one of those is busted. Maybe the antenna is not working. I mean there’s just so many different things that as you’ve been in for a while, you’re able to take a step back and look at the situation and kind of look at each individual part of the process, whereas a lot of the time, I think civilians are just kind of one and done. If it doesn’t work, it doesn’t work and instead of trying to figure it out, they just go and immediately ask for help. So that’s how like in the civilian world and academia, being able to step back and look at a problem from different angles and everything like that. And as a historian, kind of look at, once again, being able to look at different points of view and see what’s wrong and why it’s wrong. Interviewer: “Matt, thanks for coming in and sharing your story with us.” (1:32:23). � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GraceM1924V2 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grace, Matthew Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016-02 Title A name given to the resource Grace, Matthew (Interview transcript and video, part 2), 2016 Description An account of the resource After leaving his first unit after his first deployment in the Fall of 2010, Matthew Grace moved to Fort Carson, Colorado where he was assigned to the 3rd Squadron, 61st Cavalry Regiment, 4th Brigade, 4th Infantry Division. At this point, Grace was a Specialist and was quickly back to his normal routine by January of 2011. As a Specialist, Grace took an interest in helping to train his unit’s new group of Privates, specifically through PT and weaponry. Grace found out that he was leaving for his second deployment in the Summer of 2011 and left for Afghanistan in April of 2012. Grace left later than the rest of his unit to go to dog handling training, but eventually flunked out and returned to his unit in Afghanistan. Once in Afghanistan, Grace’s platoon had the job of specifically ensuring the safety of their Battalion Commander and getting him to wherever he needed to go. This was his platoon’s main task throughout the entire deployment. Grace’s tour was over at the end of November/the beginning of December of 2012. Upon finishing his deployment, Grace returned home to the States and took his block-leave, returning back to work for the remainder of his time with the Army. Grace’s ETS date was January 26, 2014. Grace encountered minimal amounts of reintegration training once resuming life as a civilian. One thing Grace was required to do, was to create a plan for life after reentering society. Grace applied to a couple universities and eventually ended up attending Grand Valley State University where he studied history to eventually get his PhD and become a professor. As a whole, Grace believes that his time in the Army plays a big role in his life and states that he would not be as successful as he is without it. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States—History, Military Veterans Video recordings Afghan War, 2001-2021—Personal narratives, American Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections & University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401. Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e8c95177e5577c86abf1ffeedb434d7d.mp4 82c178fbac78132b4d36742c0bedfd89 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/afa3fa2403324f9b20f453bbfe7eb371.pdf 860ee6bf5b3ed3fefb3d03eba9d42829 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Marion Graff (1:11:06) Background information (00:49)                    Born in Ironwood Michigan in August of 1922. (00:53) In 1924 he and his family moved to Grand Rapids, Michigan, where he spent most of his life. (1:05) His mother and father were immigrants from Europe. (1:20) His father worked in an iron ore mine, but his mother wanted to move to Grand Rapids in order to be closer to her sisters who resided there. (1:25) In Grand Rapids his father worked making furniture. He lost this job during the Depression. (1:49) His father than worked on his brother’s farm where he got paid with food. (2:10) There were 6 children in his family. (2:31) The family also had a gardens, chickens and rabbits. (2:40) He attended school at St. Adalbert church. (3:12) He graduated from high school in 1940. (3:46) He attended Aquinas College for several semesters after high school. (3:50) He recalled hearing about Pearl Harbor in December of 1941 on the radio. He knew very little about Pearl Harbor’s location. (4:32) He paid little attention to the conflicts occurring in Europe. (5:10) His parents emigrated to the U.S. from Poland. His parents paid close attention when Poland was invaded. (5:20) He hoped the U.S. would stay out of the war but knew that the nation would probably get involved. (5:50) He enlisted in the Navy because he had a brother who was in the Army who told him to stay away from the Army. (6:04) Before enlisting he studied drafting at Aquinas College. He had completed three semesters before entering the Navy. (6:40) He enlisted in the Navy near the end of 1942 and attended boot camp in March 1943. (7:17) He had boot camp at Camp Perry, Virginia. (7:23) Basic training (7:30)        From Detroit he took a day and a half train trip to Camp Perry. (7:48) The camp had barracks with 30-50 men per unit. (8:22) When receiving training the men used broom sticks to train as if they were a rifle. The men never fired a rifle in boot camp. Most of the work was marching. (8:42) The men were educated with films. (9:10) A lot of emphasis was placed on discipline. (9:26) It did take some time for him to adjust to life in the Navy. (9:44) Boot camp lasted approx. 14 weeks or 3 months. (10:00) �     After completing boot camp he was given liberty. During this time, he went to Washington, D.C. (10:13) All of boot camp was on shore. (10:46) After completing boot camp he was sent on a train from Virginia to Tiburon California in May of 1943.(11:00) In Tiburon he was put on as a striker (or a laborer) through September of 1943. Here he cared for several patience that the base had. (11:35) The base had a dry dock. Basic training was also carried out for men who worked on dry docks. (12:30) Specialized Medical training (13:00)             He was then sent to Balboa Park in San Diego, California. (13:35) Here he attended medical corps school for 14 weeks. (13:42) He was trained to give shots using oranges. Most everything else was learned through a book in a classroom.(14:00) He was given liberties here where he went to Los Angeles however the freedom was similar to boot camp. (14:50) At one of the U.S.O.s he saw Bob Hope. (16:16) In Balboa Park he lived in tents. Many men fell ill with colds.(16:50) The Red Cross charged the soldiers for coffee and cigarettes. Other places would commonly give service men goods or food. (18:11) He was then sent to Treasure Island for three days and then went to Bremerton, Washington, where he lived in a converted YMCA. These men were all medical corp. men. (19:14) He was assigned to the BB 48, the USS West Virginia. He was sent to Bremerton because that is where the ship was in dry dock. (20:05) The West Virginia was sunk at Pearl Harbor. It arrived in Bremerton after being raised (20:10) The West Virginia was then stripped and rebuilt. The ship was also given “Blisters” to protect from torpedoes. (21:02) He was at Bremerton from January to September of 1944. (22:00) Service aboard the West Virginia in the Pacific (22:10)        The ship's crew started with some experienced crew members aboard assigned to train the new members. (22:48) The Ship docked briefly in Pearl Harbor but did not stay there long. (23:37) On approx. the 15 of October 1944 he sailed to Leyte and the Surigao Straits where the West Virginia engaged the Japanese. (25:17) The ship was engaged by Japanese aircraft. However he did not have any encounters with kamikaze pilots until he sailed to Okinawa. (25:04) His battle station was on the top deck where he worked in a first aid unit. There was however a hospital room located on the ship below deck. (25:33) The room was noisy due to its proximity to the heavy guns. (26:15) He saw several Japanese planes. One he believed hit the bulkhead of the ship. (26:40) �The Battle of Surigao Straits (20:15)         The West Virginia was involved in this battle for about 15 minutes. (27:27) The ship fired 90 rounds in 15 minutes. The ship started out 42,000 yards away from the enemy. (28:05) The captain of the West Virginia was very experienced and gave the sailors a lot of freedom. (28:40) He saw the officers frequently because he was with them often in the medical compartment. (29:30) The ship did cross the date line. This involved an initiation into the deep sea. The ceremony lasted 2 days. (30:16) As part of the initiation the new sailors were hazed. (31:20) Before crossing the equator the men were pollywogs. After words they were shellbacks. (31:50) The only news he got after the battle at Surigao Straits was that the Japanese had dispersed. (32:50) Combat n the Pacific (33:00)  After the battle of Surigao Straits the ship went back to Leyte. Here he provided support for troops who were on the ground or storming the beach. (33:20)  The shell's warhead was 16 inches by 2.5 feet. (34:22)  From Leyte the men traveled to several other locations where they would be called for to provide support for soldiers on land. (35:20)  The ship ran aground and damaged 3 props. In November of 1944 the ship went into dry dock. The repair took 3 weeks. (35:40)  During this time the men were given liberty to go on shore. Here the men swam and drank beer. (36:15)  After the ship was repaired the men traveled back to the Philippines and stayed stationed there until February 1945. (36:51)  In February 1945 they where stationed off Iwo Jima. Before this the men were supposed to be given liberty but they weren’t able to have it due to this battle. (36:00)]  Iwo Jima was invaded at 6:00 AM . The ship began firing at 12:00 noon. (37:45)  He recalls being at Iwo Jima for about a week. (38:35)  The men were given some rest after Iwo Jima but it was cut short to be sent to Okinawa. (39:25)  For R and R the men were sent to a small island. The men called it Mog Mog. (39:38) The Battle at Okinawa. (40:00)  In Okinawa the ship encountered Kamikaze pilots. (40:15)  The sailors were told that theses pilots were trained how to land and take off. They were given sake and enough gasoline to his a carrier or battle ship. (40:30)  For a long time the West Virginia was called the “ghost ship” because in spite begin involved in so many battles the ship was not hit until April 1st 1945. (41:40)  At 5:00 in the afternoon, several Japanese planes were spotted and shot at. One aircraft struck the nose of the ship but didn’t damage it. Another, carrying a 500 pound bomb, struck the ship �  and ruptured several levels. The bomb did not detonate. 4 sailors were killed while 7 were injured. (42:00) He does not know for sure if the aircraft that struck his ship were an actual Kamikaze or not. (45:00) The ship was not struck after this instance. (45:20) Life aboard ship (45:30)  While on the ship he did conduct surgery. (45:50)  Some of the naval doctors were not as good as others. (46:20)  For 8 hours a day the men were in “sick bay” or the hospital room. Though he did not enjoy it, many men gambled on ship. (47:35)  Some time he would read his medical book just because it was something to do. There were also films showed on the ship. (48:09)  The ship was in Okinawa from April through August of 1945 when he learned that the Missouri, New Jersey and West Virginia were going to go into Tokyo Bay. (48:55) The Japanese Surrender (50:20)  He got to see parts of the ceremony from the crow’s nest on the West Virginia. (50:33)  He thought there were about 100 naval ships in Tokyo Bay during the ceremony. (51:12)  The men stayed in Tokyo Bay and then were sent to Yokohama where they had liberty. (52:02)  There were very little rules for men who went ashore in Japan. The men traded chocolate and sugar for goods. (52:54)  He thought that the Japanese people were frightened of the American soldiers. (54:01)  One of the books he got by trading goods was a book documenting the Japanese Chinese war. (55:28)  After being stationed in Japan, the ship went back to Pear Harbor and took on 2,000 servicemen to take them back to the U.S. (56:50)  The ship stopped in San Diego. The weather on the way to the U.S. was not the best. (58:12)  The West Virginia made about 4 “ferry trips”, carrying approx 12,000 men. For a couple of months. (59:22) Life After Service (59:30)  He was discharged in February 1946. (59:54)  He was discharged along with a bunch of other men form the ship. He was provided transportation to Great Lakes Naval Base where he was discharged. (1:00:10)  He graduated from college in 1949 with a BA in accounting. (1:01:23)  After college he worked in the insurance business and even had his own agency until he sold it. He has been working all the way until 2010. (1:01:35)  While on the West Virginia the crew never changed. (1:02:32)  He has stayed in touch with his fellow service men. (1:02:52)  He learned a lot and saw a lot in the Navy. He would not want to do it again though. He served in 6 major engagements and was rewarded 6 bronze stars. (1:03:19)  He witnessed many ships being hit. This was very frightening. (1:05:04)  One of his friends had the keys to a refrigerator which meant he could take some food when he wanted. He was also put in charge of the supply closet that housed any alcohol on the ship. He often stole these shipments of alcohol. (1:06:41)  One man on ship made wine from the fruit that was on board. (1:09:00) �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Graff, Marion (Interview outline and video), 2012 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Graff, Marion Description An account of the resource Marion Graff, born in Ironwood Michigan in August of 1922, served in the U.S. Navy from 1943 to 1946 in the Pacific during World War II. During his service, Marion was a Medical Corpsman aboard the U.S.S. West Virginia and provided anything from basic medical care to surgeries for the sailors on aboard. During his time spend on the West Virginia, he participated in several major engagements, including the Surigao Straits, Iwo Jima and Okinawa. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Navy Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-01-12 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GraffM1335V Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b9b0cb89c435b58302694bbc7f6158ea.mp4 9d8a95a2166c81de078adb6af2c841ab https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/dfff464a13d549a084751b03539d2616.pdf 80c074ca60450cfcce3e46fbceda82be PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview Name of War: World War II Interviewee name: John Graham Length of Time: 12 minutes Pre-Enlistment (00:15) • Background (00:17) o John Graham mentions that he served with the Anti-Aircraft Corps as a private. (00:19) o Took basic training at El Paso, TX and Camp Higgins, VA. Was discharged out of Baltimore Maryland. (00:35) • Childhood (00:41) o Was born in Newell, South Dakota some place. (00:44) • Education (00:48) o Went to school at Catholic Central, and then [Davis Tech] in Caledonia. (00:49) Enlistment/Training (01:15) • Why he joined (01:16) o Graham was drafted and joined the service on Sept. 23rd 1944. (01:21) • Where he went and what company he served with (02:01) o Describes the first couple of days of training while being shipped out from Grand Rapids to Great Lakes Naval Recruit Training Command, IL. (02:10) o Relates how basic training was tough. (03:10) o Kept in contact with family via the phone while he trained in Texas and Virginia. (03:45) o Doesn’t remember when his service time ended. (04:45) o Graham reflects on the day Pearl Harbor was attacked by mentioning that he was helping to take care of a sick relative. Briefly describes his reaction of Pearl Harbor being attacked. (05:10) �Active Duty (05:26) • Background (05:27) o All he really discusses about his active service is that he was sent home due to breaking his ankle and was discharged at Baltimore, Maryland. (05:41) After the Service (06:10) • Adjusting to Home (06:15) o After being discharged, he went back home and returned working on cars and jeeps. (06:27) o Briefly mentions how he tried to qualify for a pension but because he was only 10% disabled he did not qualify. (07:36) o Briefly discusses his other career pursuits in some detail. (07:44) o Briefly discusses who he got to know in the service. Relates one brief story about tracking down a buddy from Oklahoma City. (08:40) o Briefly mentions what he is doing currently in retirement. (09:38) o Wraps up by discussing what he learned in the armed services. (11:15)   � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Graham, John (Interview outline and video), 2004 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Graham, John Description An account of the resource John Graham is a World War II veteran who served in the U.S. Anti-Aircraft Corps from September 1944 to an undisclosed date. In this account, Graham discusses his pre-enlistment, enlistment, training, and active duty. While not going into much depth about his active duty he does mention where he trained in the U.S. Graham concludes by reflecting on his time in the service Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Williams, Nick (Interviewer) Caledonia High School (Caledonia Mich.) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings United States. Army World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2004-12-07 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GrahamJ Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e91561fd071ca64298ca0364da3cdd4b.pdf 8abd9d70ed70b4057318ff954f71b3e7 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview General Mark Graham Total Time (00:04:24) Intro/Timeline (00:00:03) • Mark Graham was born August 10th, 1971 in Douglas, Michigan. At 18, Mark joined the Air Force right out of high school. He went to Lackland Air Force Base in September 1989 (00:00:18) • After basic training, Mark went to Chanute Air Force Base in Illinois to work on cruise missiles; his first station was Barksdale Air Force Base in Louisiana (00:00:33) • He worked at Chanute for four and a half years and cross trained to work with C-130 transport aircrafts (00:00:40) • Mark was transferred to Pope Air Force Base in 1994 and served there for an additional seven years totaling his time served at 11 years (00:00:55) Training/Air Force (00:01:44) • Basic training and technical training were pretty easy for Mark; the tough part was waking up early in the morning (00:01:59) • One of Mark's favorite missions was in Arizona where he performed as part of a mock mission for the C-130 aircraft as they tried to dodge F-16's and their simulation missiles- it was Mark's duty to locate the F-16's (00:03:01) Post Air Force (00:03:37) • Mark got out in 2000 after eleven years in the Air Force; Mark and his wife wanted a life-style change due to his strange hours and being gone quite a bit as they were ready to settle down and have a family (00:03:53) • Although Mark didn't notice much of a change from his time in the Air Force, his friends and family noted he was more structured; Mark comments that the military teaches people how to be more polite and teaches good work ethic (00:04:18) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Graham, Mark (Interview outline), ca. 2013 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Graham, Mark Description An account of the resource Mark Graham was born in 1971 in Douglas, Michigan. At 18, Mark joined the Air Force right out of high school. He went to Lackland Air Force Base in September 1989. After basic training, Mark went to Chanute Air Force Base to work on cruise missiles. His first station was Barksdale Air Force Base in Louisiana. He worked there for four years and was transferred to Pope Air Force Base in 1994 and served there for seven years. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Rogus, Kelsey (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings Other veterans & civilians--Personal narratives, American United States. Air Force Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GrahamM1506V Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c00da6c27a518e0d3025220c379c85c3.mp4 30d23b9f809d8c1f0f44a21290a95c20 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/87d0b9d830f366a992cef39ec1a6615c.pdf 82a8f685a8728a76da4949f2b6813a81 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview World War II Walter “Red” Graham Total Time – (02:11:00) Background · His father was born in Lowell, Michigan to English parents and his mother was born in Ohio (00:03:20) o His mothers family is supposedly related to Jimmy Carter’s family · His grandfather had a farm in Lowell Township on Cascade Road (00:04:35) o It was 160 acres · He was born January 1917 in Lowell, Michigan (00:05:23) · He had a relative named Robert Graham that was a well known architect o His relative was the architect for 14 buildings in the Chicago Expo in 1893 (00:12:10) · On the farm, they had a rotation of oats, wheat, corn, and hay (00:15:15) o Wheat was their main crop o They sometimes grew potatoes as well · They raised short horn cattle, sheep, and pigs (00:16:02) o They farmed with horses · He spent a lot of time working on the farm o He took care of the chickens (00:16:38) · His brothers were named Elmer and John – he had an older sister as well o They were all 18 months apart · His sister died from diabetes when she was 17 years old (00:19:12) · He went to school at Merriman School (00:20:23) o It was a country school o Got there at 8 in the morning and got done at 3 in the afternoon · He walked to school every day (00:20:51) · During school, for recreation, they enjoyed playing games – hide and seek, red rover, etc · The school had roughly 20 students (00:23:49) · After going to Merriman, he went to Lowell High School where he graduated in 1935 (00:25:42) · They drove their parents cars to school o They drove a Chevy · His future wife went to Lowell High School as well (00:26:39) �· He did not have much of a social life o Living on a farm, there is always work to do (00:28:03) · He ran track in school and played football for 1 year o They played Belding, Grandville, Allegan, Ionia, East Grand Rapids, and many others (00:29:55) · In high school, he studied Agriculture, Math, English, Algebra, Physics, etc. (00:31:15) · He was 18 years old when he graduated from high school · After graduation, he began working at a service station · He was allowed to use a field that the community made a baseball diamond out of (00:32:31) o He pitched for nearly five years (00:32:50) o They named their team “Hot Points” (00:33:32) o They played all around the area · Besides the station, he worked with trucks as well (00:37:39) Enlistment/Training – (00:41:02) · The draft began in 1941 (00:41:14) · He was number 38 in the Kent County draft (00:41:21) · When he received his draft notice, he knew that he had to go (00:41:38) o He got a postcard in the mail that told him he had to report · He went to Lowell, Michigan for his physical o Went to your local doctor (00:42:09) · He then received a date to appear at Fort Custer (00:42:26) · After signing up, you had 48 hours before you had to leave · He was at Fort Custer for 3 days (00:43:11) · The draft was supposed to only be a 1 year obligation · He was then sent from Fort Custer to Seattle, Washington (00:44:25) o Went on a train – it took five days (00:45:14) · There were nearly 200 men in the train · Once they arrived in Seattle, Washington, there was a ship waiting to take them to Whidbey Island (00:45:55) · The majority of the men were from Chicago, Illinois · His girlfriend did not want him to go, but she realized that it was what had to be done (00:48:14) o She went out to Seattle to visit two times o She traveled by herself on a train (00:49:27) o She stayed nearly two weeks · At this point, he was at the very bottom of the ranks (00:50:34) · On the island his job was to clean guns, pick up cigarettes – they trained on antiaircraft guns, 3in guns, and he became a certified power operator (00:50:57) · He then applied for a fireman job �· · · · · · · o Had that for nearly a week (00:51:58) He spent nearly a year on the island His girlfriend Dorothy came out the second time in September, 1942 (00:52:46) o They got married September 27, 1942 He wrote her and told her that they should get married (00:53:19) Dorothy stayed out there and ended up doing office work for the Navy (00:53:34) He was one of the few soldiers that had a car – he rented out his car $.10 a mile (00:54:57) o Someone wrecked and damaged his car He earned 400-500 extra dollars a month from his side business In Seattle, he worked on anti-aircraft guns, 3-inch defense guns, and then on machine guns (00:59:58) o He was working to protect the harbors of the United States Active Duty - (01:01:10) · He was then transferred to Alaska (01:01:19) · They went up to Alaska in the ship “Cordoba” – it was an old wooden ship (01:01:43) o It took a week to get there · He was stationed at Kodiak, Alaska (01:02:29) · The Japanese were within gun range of Dutch Harbor, Alaska (01:03:25) · He never actually saw any Japanese ships · At one point, he saw a floating dead seal – he skinned it and kept it to take home (01:05:36) o Made cigarette pouches for his comrades · He was a Private First Class (01:09:00) · He only saw one accident with a gun when he was in the service (01:10:30) · In Alaska, he was part of the 14th Coastal Artillery (01:10:57) · After Alaska, he went to Fort Lewis, Washington - 1944 · From Washington, he was sent to Oklahoma where he was retrained before being shipped out again (01:11:47) o This training was essentially the same thing as previous training § Everyone had to be able to read weather, learn to walk, hike, care for different weapons, etc. (01:12:32) · He then shipped out of Oklahoma to Newport News, Virginia (01:13:07) · They shipped on a brand new luxury ship set up for troop movements (01:13:28) o It took roughly a week to get to Italy o They went across the Atlantic and through Gibraltar o They stopped somewhere in Africa for refueling (01:14:24) § Probably Algiers o They landed in Naples, Italy · Once he arrived in Naples, he headed up through the mountains in Italy �· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · (01:16:29) o Eisenhower’s philosophy was to take the route, regardless of manpower (01:16:52) He traveled through the Po River Valley in Italy (01:17:32) o The valley compares to the Mississippi River – it is large and navigable o There is a lot of agriculture and food raising o The soldiers were warned to go in doubles or more They sometimes divided their food with the local children (01:19:14) One night, there was 4 inches of snow at night and they went into town where there was a building with a hole in the roof – the snow had fallen in on everyone inside (01:20:00 o There were around 32 people inside o When the soldiers got their food the next day, they divided it with those in the house (01:20:35) The local people were very good to the soldiers o There were not many soldiers that could speak Italian (01:21:07) He had contact with Germans – “if you don’t bother them, they won’t bother you” o There were Germans and Americans in the bars together (01:22:37) Never had any wish to kill anyone, and he never did They had 10,000 German prisoners – Rommel’s soldiers [some may have fought in North Africa--Rommel was not in Italy] (01:23:39) o He was manned on a 50 caliber machine gun to keep them ordered up § They let them play soccer in the daytime for exercise § The prisoners never gave them any trouble § They were brought sea rations once a day (01:25:08) o One day, one of the Americans shot one of the prisoners As he was going farther north in Italy, they were protected by the mountains (01:28:03) The British were ahead of them with 10 pounders – it was an infantry gun They never faced any aircraft activity The Germans had dug into the mountains, but they were all gone by the time the Americans got there (01:28:50) They ended up being 20 miles from France o They stopped because there was no activity for periods of time They had to be careful when traveling on rural roads because the roads were not built for heavy vehicles (01:30:04) o If a bridge was destroyed, they had to fix it When he heard the war was over, he was in northern Italy (01:30:59) They were going to be shipped to Japan but they had too many points - 1945 He and his wife were able to correspond through letters o He wrote to Dorothy every day (01:32:51) When he returned to America, he landed in Newport News, Virginia (01:34:47) He came back to America on a Liberty Ship (01:35:30) o They were cheap, steel ships �· He then traveled by train to Camp Grant, Illinois (01:35:59) · After going to Camp Grant, he was shipped out to Camp Carson, Colorado where he was discharged (01:36:10) After the Service – (01:36:12) · · · · · · · · · · Once he was back, he was met by his wife at Camp Grant (01:36:41) They traveled back to Michigan in late 1945 They stayed at Dorothy’s parents when they came home (01:37:43) He began working while he built their first home o He worked there for 8 months (01:38:45) In 1946 he began working building homes in the local area o Starting to build brick houses – it was a symbol of status (01:41:14) He and Dorothy began raising a family (01:44:48) o They raised their children and their grandkids for many years In 1967, he built [4th showboat] (01:47:00) He never really retired – has always had something to do and stayed busy (01:52:38) After the service, he enjoyed fishing (01:53:59) o Looked for property to fish on o Paid 6,000 dollars for a plot of land where they built a cottage (01:55:08) He also enjoyed hunting in Colorado and Canada (01:56:10) o He got two moose Memories of Lowell, Michigan – (01:57:22) · The horses that hauled product would trot on the gravel roads but slow down on the dirt roads · The town had a blacksmith shop in it (01:59:34) · There were buildings where people could store their horses while they were in town · There were fairgrounds where they would have horse races (02:00:50) · The city had an airplane factory (02:02:29) o There was an airplane-helicopter aircraft that was shown in a parade · He believes that times are much better now then they were when he was growing up (02:06:19) o Nearly everyone has a car, people vacation, and the medical industry has increased the average lifespan � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Graham, Walter (Interview outline and video), 2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Graham, Walter Description An account of the resource Walter "Red" Graham was born in January of 1917 in Lowell, Michigan, and lived there until he was drafted into the Army in 1941. He spent a year and a half training on Whidbey Island, near Seattle, Washington, and was then sent to Kodiak, Alaska as part of the 14th Coastal Artillery. In 1944, after spending significant time in Alaska, he was sent to Oklahoma for retraining before being shipped to Italy. Walter traveled through the Po River Valley in Italy until they reached Northern Italy when the war was won. Walter was eventually discharged from Camp Carson, Colorado in 1945. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Blough, Ivan (Interviewer) Lowell Area Historical Museum (Lowell, Mich.) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings United States. Army World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2006-11-27 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GrahamW1322V Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/70e243ebdaecba21a6c9a68b3dd80bc8.m4v ff7d8c825340dd2d42829ed03019ce5a https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/52dc7e7c40c08b7e6d601f53eb3de51b.pdf 0d110250158e9df53de9ecea570d6a8b PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veteran’s History Project Bob Grahl World War II Length of Interview (01:13:50) Background (00:01:10) Robert J. Grahl, Sr. Born May 21, 1923; Taylor Township, MI (now lives in Polk City, Florida) Was drafted into the Army, was living in Wyandotte, Michigan Working at Ford Motor Company, on a four year scholarship in dye making  Went to school on his off hours Was married at this time February 18, 1943; Mary, born in Richmond, VA Basic Training (00:04:20) Took a train to Detroit and was inducted in Fort Wayne, Detroit Went to Fort Custer in Battle Creek, Michigan; there for a couple of days Put onto a train, didn’t know where he was heading; arrived in Fort Butner, North Carolina Didn’t have too much to debate because Grahl wasn’t sure what was going on Given a uniform in Fort Custer and not much else Took basic training in Field Artillery in Fort Butner; 3 months  Learned to operate all the weapons of his unit: 105 Howitzer, 50 caliber machine gun, M1 Carbine, 45 caliber Pistol  Learned different firing positions: ammunition bearer, position, firing Can’t clearly recall any of his instructors, were reasonable people (00:07:40) Lived in a two story barracks Stayed in the camp after graduation as he was a part of the artillery unit; more training  307th Field Artillery Battalion, M Company, 78th Infantry Division �Stayed in the camp for 16 months all together, working with other units of the division Overseas (England, Italy) (00:10:50) Taken from the unit and sent to another camp closer to the coast In Virginia a couple of days for shots, sent to Maryland Boarded a ship to be transferred overseas to Scotland Ship called the Aquitania (a cruise ship converted into a transport) Landed in Scotland; ship was able to outrun U-boats, so no convoy Would often watch the zigzag wake from the back of the ship Glasgow, Scotland (00:12:50) Got on a troop train in southern England (100 miles from London) Visited London after getting a pass for finishing training; visited the bombed areas Spent about 6 weeks training in Infantry Tactics July/August 1944, travelled to Italy (00:15:15)  Went to the coast of England and took the same transports as those used for D-day; landed on the beach of Omaha  Stayed at the top of the hill for a couple of days, trucks eventually took them to Cherbourg, France  Took a C-47 to Italy (hadn’t known where he was going at the time) Plane landed in an airport near the Leaning Tower of Pisa (Pisa, Italy) (00:17:36)  A camp was nearby where they received their latest equipment; issued a .45 pistol, was in the machine gun squad  Went to a city called Florence (by truck) and travelled north to the center of the state Met by officers to be assigned, then went to the M Company camp as replacements  M Company, heavy weapons company; facing a part of the Gothic Line  Didn’t have any artillery pieces in the M Company � 363rd Infantry, not in an artillery unit yet Would go up to the Gothic Line to protect from German infiltrators  Two week cycles between R&R and going up to the Line  Would protect different areas every cycle  Terrain was mountainous, but would be in the valleys most of the time  Didn’t encounter any infiltrators; saw no action during this time The third time being at the front, Grahl became ill; had hepatitis (00:24:18)  Sent to an Aid Station in Florence then flown to a hospital in Naples  Spent three months in hospital; no medication, just bed rest and balanced diet  Took physical training to get back in shape Flown back to Florence to the same company (M Company) Continued the two week cycles Heading North (00:27:40) Spring Offensive  Gothic Line, coast to coast of Italy (north of Florence) After the initial contact, started attacking the German positions (heading north) May 6 (Germans surrendered), made it up to Trieste, on the border with Yugoslavia Stayed there for a couple of months First casualty in the unit was a man setting up a machine gun; the bullet had hit the steel liner and injured the man’s neck  Was with a corporal (a radio operator), had dug a foxhole (three feet deep) and Grahl was sitting on the edge of it  As Grahl was about to settle down in the fox hole, heard someone holler, ‘Medic!’ the corporal next to him had been shot (German sniper from an adjoining hill- very accurate)  May have been aiming at Grahl because the radio was near him (April 1945) � Infantrymen formed a squad and brought the German soldier back on the hill; German was eliminated before he made it up the hill Drew back from the position and was taken over by a different squad; began heading north (00:33:45)  Kept chasing the Germans and would engage those they found  Moved daily to follow Kept this up until the Germans surrendered VE Day (00:35:34) Near Trieste, , near the coast of the Adriatic Sea Grahl and a group were given passes to Venice, Italy for a day His unit stayed in Trieste for a couple of months  Didn’t do much but guard (perimeter security) Rode in boxcars and stopped in Rome (returning to the United States) Got to Naples where a ship was ready to take them to the States Two weeks later, arrived in Norfolk, Virginia (their ship was near the Rock of Gibraltar when the Japanese surrendered – VJ Day) (00:37:40) Scheduled to go to the South Pacific but given a referral Stayed in the camp in Newport until his papers were organized; went to Camp Grant, Illinois to get a 45 day referral A friend of his (combat engineer) had just been married and both he and Grahl’s wife were sharing an apartment together Discharge (00:40:30) Got a second pass for 30 days, eventually went back to Camp Grant Didn’t have enough points and had to wait until the points were lowered Discharged January 8, 1946; went back to Wyandotte, Michigan to reunite with his wife Returned to Ford Motor Company to continue his education Graduated from the Tool-and-Die class �A recession was happening at the time, so Grahl was laid off Took a job with a relative Life in the Military (00:42:45) Had his faith to get him through the War  Carried the New Testament Bible in a plastic cover over his heart On the Line, ate K-rations; R&R given hot food, able to take showers  No problem with supplies Stress was their lifestyle No particular games for entertainment; no USO Shows, played softball during R&R (00:46:53) In England, was given a pass to London, made a trip to the bombed areas (00:48:15)  Spent a couple of days there During training (Camp Butner, North Carolina), made to fire a 50 caliber machine guns at moving targets (00:50:45)  25 or 30 machine guns set up; Grahl in the first row to fire  Given the order to fire, Grahl pulled the trigger and the gun promptly exploded  Wearing leggings (made of heavy canvas, laced up the sides) at the time; unlaced them before the medics arrived  Had been in a seated position, legs stretched out in front of him; pieces of the metal from the cartridges injured his legs during the explosion  Taken to the camp hospital; found powder burn, some bleeding (from the metal) After the Military (00:55:20) Retired from active work after 30 years of working with a company (May 6, 1983); a machinist Didn’t establish any close friendships during his military years (00:56:50) Didn’t join any Veteran’s groups, sends donations to Disabled Veterans of America Afterthoughts (01:03:00) The wars we have been in recently have been difficult; hard to fight people so set in their ways � The enemy was more clearly defined in World War II After the military, tried to maintain the same standard and style of living he had before the War Shows and explains documents and pictures from his time in the military (discharge papers, military pictures, patches, V-mail) (01:07:20) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grahl, Robert (Interview outline and video), 2010 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grahl, Robert Description An account of the resource Robert Grahl was drafted in 1943 and trained as an artillery gunner. He was shipped to England in 1944 and initially assigned to the 78th Division in Normandy, but before he saw action there, he was reassigned to the 363rd Infantry Regiment north of Florence. He spent several stints in the front lines confronting the German Gothic Line defenses during the winter of 1944-45, but this was interrupted by a bout of hepatitis. He returned to his unit in time to participate in the spring offensive in 1945, and his unit had reached Trieste on the Yugoslavian border by the end of the war. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Erichsen, Wallace J. (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010-07-03 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GrahlR Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9d38a8694eadcfdd3a71956170a72db6.pdf 069d503a407a6097aadcd49cce868c95 PDF Text Text Speaking Out Western Michigan’s Civil Rights Histories Grand Valley State University Special Collections Interviewee: Helen Grahuis Interviewers: Alissa Cohen, Hannah Frazer, Bryce Byker and Eli Bale Supervising Faculty: Melanie Shell-Weiss Location: Grand Valley State University Special Collections Date: 3/16/2012 Biography and Description Helen Grahius was born and raised in Haren, Groningen, Netherlands. Later in life, she moved to West Michigan to be with her siblings. She discusses her life in the Netherlands and in the United States. Transcript INTERVIEWER: Okay, so we’re recording it now the first thing I gotta do is read you this oral release form. So it’s “I, Helen Grashuis. hereby agree to participate in aninterview in connection with the oral history project known as “Speaking Out: WesternMichigan’s Civil Rights Histories” at Grand Valley State University. I understand thatthe purpose of this project is to collect audio-recorded oral histories, as well as selectedrelated documentary materials such as photographs and manuscripts, from thoseknowledgeable about civil rights and civil rights activism in Western Michigan with thegoal of preserving these materials and making them available for teaching and research.This may include publication in print, multimedia programs such as radio or television. and the WWW, among others.” So, basically we can use the interview you’re giving us. We can like write a paper about it and we can maybe put some of it on the The internet and ... which we probably won’t because it’s just a small thing, but that would be pretty cool (Everyone laughs) GRAHUIS: Now, do I have to have experience? INTERVIEWER: No. You don’t have to have experience! GRAHUIS: Okay! ‘Cause I don’t! (Everyone laughs) INTERVIEWER: (Laughing) Neither do we! Okay number two: I understand that I may be identified by name, subject to my consent. I may also be identified by name in any transcript (whether verbatim or edited) of such interview, subject to my consent. If I choose to remain anonymous, which you can, I know that audio-recordings of my interview will be closed to use, and my name will not appear in the transcript or reference to any material contained in the interview. I know that in the case of choosing to remain anonymous, my interview will only be identified by an internal ‘Speaking Out” project tracking number. So, you’ll just have a number. Page 1 �GRAHUIS: Oh. INTERVIEWER: And you won’t have a name I understand that the interview will take approximately two hours ... or one hour — GRAHUIS: Yeah! ‘Cause I have to go to bible study! INTERVIEWER: ... yeah, (oral release form continued) and that I can withdraw from the project without prejudice prior to the execution and delivery of this release form. So you can still back out at any time. In the event — GRAHUIS: Oh! Let’s go Monique! (Everyone laughs) INTERVIEWER: In the event that I withdraw from the interview, any recordings make of the interview will be either given to me or destroyed, and no transcript will be made of the interview. I understand that a photograph of me may be taken or borrowed for duplication, and that if I withdraw from the project, the photograph will be given to me and any copies made by the project destroyed. Number four: I understand that, upon completion of the interview, and subject to all the other terms and conditions of this agreement, GVSU shall own the copyright to this work and will be able to use it in any manner it chooses including but not limited to use by researchers and students in presentations and publications, but that I shall be given a perpetual permissive license to use my contribution in any manner or any medium as long as I notify GVSU prior to such use. Wow. Number five, there’s only a few more GRAHUIS: Oh, okay. INTERVIEWER: I understand that any restrictions as to use of portions of the interview indicated by me will be edited out of the final copy of the transcript. So, you can tell us to leave parts out if you want number six: I understand that upon the completion of this interview and signing this release, the recordings, photographs, and one copy of the transcript will be kept in Grand Valley State University Libraries’ Special Collections in Allendale, Michigan. So, all of these interviews, we’re keeping them all in one place. So, all the students in our class and other classes are interviewing people also like professors and other people they know and it will all be kept in one place — all those different interviews. GRAHUIS: Oh! INTERVIEWER: Number seven: If I have questions about the research project or procedures, I know that I can contact Dr. Melanie Shell-Weiss in the Department of Liberal Studies, and it tells all her contact information. Okay, so now — do you guys have a pen? — we need you to sign this... are you okay with us identifying you? Is that okay? GRAHUIS: Yes. INTERVIEWER: Awesome. So ... you just need to sign right here. Page 2 �GRAHUIS: My name? INTERVIEWER: Your name, the address and the date, and your phone number. GRAHUIS: The date today is 16, right? INTERVIEWER: Yup, march 16. GRAHUIS: 3, 16. INTERVIEWER: 12. Monique (Helen’s daughter): Yes, my dad really did wear these. (She pulls out a pair of old wooden shoes) INTERVIEWER: Oh my goodness, that’s so cool. Can I see this? What size are these? (Trying the shoes on) GRAHUIS: I don’t know... BALE: You’ll probably fit into them INTERVIEWER: I don’t know... BALE: Actually, they may be a little to big — small, I mean to big. INTERVIEWER: To big? BALE: Yeah, your feet are way to big. INTERVIEWER: Yeah. Ouch. Aw man, I would have to get used to these. I bought a pair when I went there... what size shoe do you wear? 13’s. And those are to big for you? BALE: Do they fit you? INTERVIEWER: No. Not even close. What, they’re way to big? Yeah. BALE: Yeah, they’re to big. INTERVIEWER: I wear 10’s. BALE: Oh wow. GRAHUIS: The interviewee’s me. INTERVIEWER: Do you agree to be identified by name? Oh, and, you don’t wish to remain anonymous. And Helen”... BALE: These are speculaas (pulling out a box of cookies). Have you ever had these? INTERVIEWER: Ooh! GRAHUIS: (signing her name) Grashuis. Page 3 �BALE: They’re like ginger cookies. INTERVIEWER: Okay. BALE: Help yourself. Do you want one, mom? GRAHUIS: No thanks. INTERVIEWER: Alright. I’m just going to write my name for the thing. GRAHUIS: Speculaas. INTERVIEWER: Thank you. BALE: (Pulling out a picture frame) Oh, and this is my dad wearing his wooden shoes. INTERVIEWER: Oh! (Everyone laughs) INTERVIEWER: Wow, that’s awesome. GRAHUIS: Yup. That’s my husband. He died three years ago. INTERVIEWER: Oh really. Okay, so. Did you guys know how we want to start this? Or do we just want to wing it? Well, we have to introduce ourselves. Okay. No that’s not me. (Looking at a picture) I’m not that cute. (Everyone laughs) GRAHUIS: You are! You’ve changed since I’ve last seen you! INTERVIEWER: Look at that... (looking at pictures). GRAHUIS: For the better! INTERVIEWER: Thank you! So we need to introduce ourselves. And say who we’re interviewing. Oh yeah, that’s right! It’s in the sample question packet, I think you’ve got it. That’s right here. This is kind ofjust an outline... BALE: Here I’ll take that. INTERVIEWER: Okay, sweet. I’ve got what we have to say right in here. So, I’m just going to follow what this says may name is Eli Bale. And we have Bryce Byker, Hannah Frazier. Allisa Cohen. We are here on Friday, March the third, at 3:16 — the 16th GRAHUIS: 16 honey. INTERVIEWER: At quarter after 3 pm with Mrs. Helen Grashuis in Kirkhoff on Grand Valley State University’s campus in Allendale, Michigan. We are here about to talk about Mrs. Grashuis’s memories of her childhood and anything else she can remember about her life in western Michigan. Okay. And we also have Monique Bale, who’s here to help us conduct the interview. Page 4 �BALE: Helen’s daughter. GRAHUIS: Oldest daughter. INTERVIEWER: Okay, so, how’d you guys want to start this? Okay, so where were you born exactly? GRAHUIS: I was born in Haren, Groningen. Groningen is the northern part of Netherlands. INTERVIEWER: Oh okay. Very cool. GRAHUIS: And my husband was born in Amsterdam. INTERVIEWER: Oh. How do you spell Groningen? GRAHUIS: Groningen G-r-o-n-i-n-g-e-n. Groningen. INTERVIEWER: Okay, very good. Thank you. Okay, so tell us a little about your family. GRAHUIS: My family — my mom and dad there were nine children in my family. . five boys and four girls. So yeah. Wonderful family. INTERVIEWER: Wait a second for this to go by. GRAHUIS: Okay. INTERVIEWER: And how was that experience growing up with such a large family? GRAHUIS: Real wonderful. INTERVIEWER: You liked it? GRAHUIS: Yeah, we had wonderful parents. INTERVIEWER: Are you close — were you close with your siblings? GRAHUIS: Yes. Yeah. INTERVIEWER: Was it typical in that area or time to have that amount of people in a family? GRAHUIS: Yes, yeah. My dad had four brothers and they all had big families. INTERVIEWER: Okay. GRAHUIS: We had nine kids. The other ones had, the other one had six girls — INTERVIEWER: Oh my goodness. GRAHUIS: (chucklesj and there were, was another one who had six boys. And so — INTERVIEWER: Jeez. GRAHUIS: Big! Yeah! Those — those times they all had big families. Page 5 �INTERVIEWER: Yeah, wow. It sounds like it. GRAHUIS: Yeah, yeah. We got along real well. INTERVIEWER: What did your parents do for work? What did your dad do for work? GRAHUIS: My dad had his own company, and he, with his brothers, and he selled cement and all that building materials. Yeah, it went real well. INTERVIEWER: What about your mother? Was she just a stay at home mom? GRAHUIS: My mom, ach! Yeah, my mom was a stay at home mom. INTERVIEWER: With that may kids! GRAHUIS: Washing clothes and ... yup. INTERVIEWER: What did a typical day look like for you guys? Like, in like the school year. Like, was it all different grades? Like, in the Netherlands did they have, like, a middle school and a high school where you guys were all separated up into? GRAHUIS: the school I went to the distances were so small. So we walked to school there was one road that go into, from where we were to the, the schools, the Christian school. INTERVIEWER: So it was a pretty small town? GRAHUIS: Yeah. Quite small, and *ahem*, excuse me. a lot of Dutch people. In that, time, there were a lot of people that came from different countries. Yeah. INTERVIEWER: And do you remember anything about your school. GRAHUIS: Well, we had to work hard! (Laughter) INTERVIEWER: Yuuuup, I can relate to that. You said there were people from a lot of different countries so, would you say that everyone was excepting of all the different types of people that were there? GRAHUIS: Yes. INTERVIEWER: Yeah? GRAHUIS: Yeah, uh-huh. And I think mostly they came from the Netherlands. INTERVIEWER: Yeah? GRAHUIS: Yeah. So,— BALE: But mom, you said too, that your community was really tight-nit. You knew all the families. GRAHUIS: Yes. Page 6 �BALE: You had a milkman who came down the street with his horse-cart. those families. The Bucker the Baker’s man. GRAHUIS: He would go through the street with his little red INTERVIEWER: - like cart? GRAHUIS: Cart! Yup, that he pushed. Yeah, it was wonderful time we had, a wonderful time. BALE: And because your family was so big, you didn’t have a whole lot of money. GRAHUIS: Nope. BALE: And it was a home — you slept with your sisters right? GRAHUIS: Yeah. BALE: Two sisters. GRAHUIS: Yup. BALE: And it was very, and in the winter time it was very cold. I remember you telling stories of when you would wake up in the morning and ice would be on your sheets. That’s how cold it was. GRAHUIS: Yup. INTERVIEWER: Wow! BALE: And you slept together to keep warm. GRAHUIS: To keep warm. BALE: And you didn’t have very many clothes. GRAHUIS: That’s right. BALE: And, I was just asking her on the way over here. Did you wear wooden shoes when you were growing up? And she did. She wore wooden shoes all through elementary school. She said, I said, so how do your feet keep warm. She said they had leather slippers that they would put inside their wooden shoes and they would walk. GRAHUIS: Socks of course. BALE: And they would walk through the snow and snow would accumulate on their wooden shoes. INTERVIEWER: Oh my gosh, wow. Kind of like ice skating. Exactly. BALE: And she said when she got to be about, what? Maybe ten. You got your first pair of leather shoes. That was a big deal. Page 7 �GRAHUIS: Oh yeah! We were so proud! We could go to church with our leather shoes we would just walk in the neighborhood and just look at it. Just look at it! INTERVIEWER: Ah, that’s great. Yeah, what about — GRAHUIS: I have such wonderful memories of my youth. INTERVIEWER: Tell us some of those memories. GRAHUIS: Huh? INTERVIEWER: Tell us some of your favorite memories. If you have any. GRAHUIS: (chuckles) Favorite — favorite memories! There was a lot of— there was a lot of land there. So, grass and ditches and we would have a long pole and jump across those ditches and guess what? We would fall in! So beautiful. BALE: So when the canals froze over — INTERVIEWER: Yeah, I was gonna ask about that. Skating! BALE: Yeah, skating for miles and miles. GRAHUIS: Oh yes, we skated for miles — INTERVIEWER: So fun GRAHUIS: That’s, oh that was wonderful. Wonderful. And we had, we had lanterns and we lived, my family lived on, the haven ... haven ... how do you say haven? BALE: Like a little lake. Like a little pond or a little lake. GRAHUIS: Where the boats would come in. INTERVIEWER: Okay, did you live — BALE: Like a harbor! GRAHUIS: Harbor. INTERVIEWER: Did you live — BALE: Like a harbor. INTERVIEWER: - near the ocean? GRAHUIS: Huh? INTERVIEWER: Did you live near the ocean? GRAHUIS: No, no. Page 8 �INTERVIEWER: Okay. GRAHUIS: Opa did. Opa is grandpa. INTERVIEWER: Okay. GRAHUIS: And I’m oma. INTERVIEWER: (chuckles) Yup, my oma. I’ve heard you call her that a couple times. Yeah, they were confused when I said that the first time! They were like, What does that mean?” (Laughter) GRAHUIS: (laughing) Yeah! BALE: Yeah, so you lived on the harbor. GRAHUIS: Yeah. INTERVIEWER: Okay. BALE: Yeah. GRAHUIS: And then my dad, my dad would, put us on his back, and we would tie our skates on then we could go on his back and he would drop us off on the harbor. There was ice — well, of course there was ice, otherwise he wouldn’t throw us in! And then at night they would put the lights on these... we call it. INTERVIEWER: Like the lamps? GRAHUIS: Yeah! Yes, yes. Otherwise we would break our neck. But then we would skate from the harbor to the canal. We would have to go under bridges. INTERVIEWER: Did you ever have races? GRAHUIS: What? INTERVIEWER: Did you ever have races on the canals? Like skating races? GRAHUIS: Not that much on the canals. But there were also lakes and that is where they mostly had the races INTERVIEWER: Now I know Opa was quite a big sailor. Did you sail at all when you were growing up? Like, did you go out on the water in boats? GRAHUIS: My husband? INTERVIEWER: Yeah, I know Opa was a big sailor but did you do any sailing or fishing out on the water? GRAHUIS: Fishing! Oh we did a lot of fishing. INTERVIEWER: When did you meet your husband? GRAHUIS: I met my husband in the sixties? No fifties Page 9 �INTERVIEWER: Ok so quite a bit after your childhood. And did you meet him there or when you came to the United States? GRAHUIS: No I met him here. INTERVIEWER: Oh wow! GRAHUIS: Yeah, I met him in church. He saw me sitting in church. Because I had and aunt and uncle that were in Kalamazoo, they immigrated to Kalamazoo, and they had ten kids. So I would go to church with them. And then Hank, my husbands name is Hank, his, let me see, where am I? Oh Yes, they were members of the same church. It was a Christian reformed church in Kalamazoo. I was living in the YWCA. So he found that out and then that sunday night after church, I was in my room and somebody said,” Somebody is here for you”. So I said “Okay”. I had no idea that it was him. So there was Hank INTERVIEWER: Wow, was it love at first sight? GRAHUIS: Yeah, so that is how we met. BALE: But to put a big picture on it, my dad had a family often right? GRAHUIS: Eight. BALE: Yeah, eight kids. But ten all together. They immigrated when he was sixteen. He was sixteen. GRAHUIS: Yes. BALE: So they came over on a big boat, when he was sixteen. And then my mom immigrated when she was twenty five and she came with her brother here to America. GRAHUIS: Yes, my brother was a year younger than I am. BALE: Right. So dad was here already in kalamazoo. GRAHUIS: Yes but I also had uncle John, my brother John, was living here already. And my sister Evelin. They were living here. So we came here from the Netherlands, visiting them. We could stay with them in their home. It was quite something. I was a little homesick at first but thats it. INTERVIEWER: What made up your mind about moving here? What was your motivation for moving here? GRAHUIS: I wanted to see what the United States was like. INTERVIEWER: How old were you when you moved? GRAHUIS: Twenty two. INTERVIEWER: Twenty two? GRAHUIS: I was twenty two years old when I came here. Page 10 �INTERVIEWER: What did you imagine it would be like? GRAHUIS: . INTERVIEWER: Better than It actually was? GRAHUIS: Yeah, I love this country. I am so glad I came here. Of coarse I met my husband here. INTERVIEWER: Did you come over on a boat? GRAHUIS: I flew. INTERVIEWER: Okay cool. GRAHUIS: And my dad paid for the ticket. INTERVIEWER: Oh so You didn’t go with your family? GRAHUIS: Yes my brother. I was twenty two. BALE: Was that Clause? GRAHUIS: Yes. BALE: And John was here already. GRAHUIS: Yes, John was here. John was married. And Eveline was here. BALE: Okay, so two siblings were here and you came over with another brother. GRAHUIS: Yep. BALE: So thats four of the nine kids came over to the states. GRAHUIS: And my mom was very sad that so many came to the united states. BALE: Are the other five still there? GRAHUIS: Yeah they have been here but they would rather stay in the Netherlands. INTERVIEWER: Okay, so what else do you remember from the time you were ten years old to the time you were twenty two? Like when exactly was the nazi occupation? GRAHUIS: Oh I was afraid you were going to say something about that. It was in the forties. INTERVIEWER: How old were you when that happened? GRAHUIS: I was In my thirties. I was thirty eight when it was over. BALE: No, how old where you when the war was going on? You were young. GRAHUIS: Well I was born in 1937. Page 11 �BALE: Ok so you were young. You were six. INTERVIEWER: Do you remember anything about that? Do you remember your lifestyle changing? GRAHUIS: Yes, yes. Because we were living in a home and right next to us was a garage where all the germans were in. And so when all the Americans or the English came over, they would shoot at that garage. But also, we were also bombarded because our home was so close to that garage. So if my brother had stayed that night, we were eating supper, my dad was in church work and so he was not home, my mom was only there with all the kids, and if he would have stayed in that chair he would have been killed. Because the bullet went right through the seat. BALE: So did you here the sirens or did you hear the plans come in? GRAHUIS: We heard the plans come in. BALE: So what they did is they went down into the cellar. Everybody left the table and went into the cellar. GRAHUIS: Yes, I fell into the potato salad. Thats why I have such a potato head. INTERVIEWER: So it seems that you were living in fear for a while then, right? GRAHUIS: Yes, we were. INTERVIEWER: And how long did that go on? GRAHUIS: I think it started in forty two and in forty five it was over. INTERVIEWER: Do you remember your diet changing or your lifestyle changing because you didn’t have enough money? GRAHUIS: Well food was hard to get. INTERVIEWER: I remember you saying something about rations. Did you guys have to do that at all? GRAHUIS: Oh yes, definitely. And we had a big family so would have a lot of sugar and there were some families that could not get it. So we would exchange sugar for what they had. Potatoes or whatever. So that was quite a life. INTERVIEWER: But it sounds like money wasn’t, I mean its a struggle without money, but it sounds like it wasn’t really an issue. Like you say you still loved your memories of growing up and everything. GRAHUIS: Yes, I did. INTERVIEWER: So you still had fun even though the Nazis were around. GRAHUIS: Yeah. INTERVIEWER: Okay, and I heard how with the bikes they would take the tires. Did that happen to you guys? Page 12 �GRAHUIS: Oh yeah. INTERVIEWER: Why did they do that? GRAHUIS: because they could use the rubber. They were rubber tires and they could use it. INTERVIEWER: So they took it right off your bikes to use it? GRAHUIS: Yes. INTERVIEWER: Wow. So you had to clatter around on metal wheels for a while? GRAHUIS: Yeah exactly. INTERVIEWER: Do you remember, I mean obviously there was a war going on, but were there any tragedies that hit close to home or to you with friends or anything? GRAHUIS: Yes. Friends, their fathers were transported someplace else. I had a friend and her father was a doctor and he was killed. And of coarse the jews, we had jews in our town. They were picked up. INTERVIEWER: Did you know anyone that was helping them at all? GRAHUIS: Yes, Hanks father was a police man so he hid a lot ofjewish people. INTERVIEWER: That’s really cool. Did he ever get caught? GRAHUIS: No, he did not get caught. And Hank would, on his bike, go to the farmers and pick up milk for the family. INTERVIEWER: What were the nazi soldiers like? Where they mean or did they trouble you guys at all? GRAHUIS: I can not remember much of that. INTERVIEWER: Okay, what did you do for fun around that time? In your free time with your friends and stuff? I know you had a tight knit community and stuff, what did you guys do for fun? GRAHUIS: A lot of things. A lot of little things. INTERVIEWER: Did you guys have any sports you liked to play? I know Opa enjoyed playing soccer. GRAHUIS: Yes. INTERVIEWER: Did you guys have anything like that or did you guys just do little hangouts and stuff? GRAHUIS: Bicycling, and of coarse in the winter skating. INTERVIEWER: And did you guys, I don not know if this is like an American thing but did you guys have like snowball fights and build snowmen? GRAHUIS: Oh yeah. Page 13 �INTERVIEWER: Okay, I guess a worldwide thing. GRAHUIS: Yep when you have snow you make a snowman. INTERVIEWER: What about Christmas time? Did you have any traditions you used to do? Like, I know you used to put shoes by the door or something like that? GRAHUIS: Yeah I put something in it. Yep we sure did. INTERVIEWER: Now around Christmas time did you have your relatives come over or was it just your family? BALE: What was Christmas like? Christmas day. GRAHUIS: Oh we would decorate the whole room and it was nice. BALE: Did you exchange presents? GRAHUIS: Yes we did. Little gifts. very little gifts because we did not have much money as kids because we did not work. INTERVIEWER: No ipods? GRAHUIS: Nope. INTERVIEWER: Where there any traditions you brought from to the United States from back in the Netherlands? GRAHUIS: Our Dutch cooking. Stumput. INTERVIEWER: What is that? I have never heard of it. GRAHUIS: You put potatoes, you cook potatoes and carrots and you mash them all up. The kids love it. BALE: Potatoes, carrots, onions. GRAHUIS: And onions. INTERVIEWER: Where did that meal come from? Do you remember how it originated into the Netherlands? GRAHUIS: No, i think its more a dutch meal. Interviewer. Okay, because I remember someone, i do not remember who it was, told me that, when they did not have a lot of ingredients and stuff during the war and they had just potatoes, onions and carrots, they were like lets just throw it all into a pot, mash it up and see what come out. And that was stumpot. And Tm glad they did. Its really good. BALE: So your diet was mainly potatoes. very little meat because meat was expensive. GRAHUIS: Oh yeah, we did not eat much meat at all. It as very expensive. BALE: And then the fish. Page 14 �GRAHUIS: fish yeah. BALE: Yes, and dutch cheese. INTERVIEWER: Now did you ever go on to college? Helen: No I did not go to college. I went to high school. INTERVIEWER: Okay, do you have any specific memories from your hight school? GRAHUIS: Yeah we had some things that we did together as a class. We did everything on bicycles. We would go swimming and it was quite a ways away. And we did a lot of biking. So one those days you did not see very many people. INTERVIEWER: And what about jobs? Did you get ajob when you graduated high school? GRAHUIS: No. I did not work. BALE: But you did say you had ajob in Haden that you had to bike to. And that was after hight school. You were in your twenties. Didm’t you have a secretarial job? GRAHUIS: Oh yeah. When I was older. BALE: Before you immigrated over. What was that job? GRAHUIS: Ill have to think, what did I do? I worked at an office. INTERVIEWER: Okay BALE: You worked there everyday. Haden was how far from Cronighan? INTERVIEWER: What is that? GRAHUIS: Stumput. INTERVIEWER: I’ve never heard of that. INTERVIEWER: Me Either. GRAHUIS: You have potatoes. You cook potatoes, and carrots, and-uh then you mash them all up. INTERVIEWER: Ooo INTERVIEWER: That sounds good. GRAHUIS: And- the kids love it. BALE: And onions. Potatoes, carrots and onions. GRAHUIS: And onions. Page 15 �INTERVIEWER: And where did that meal come from, like, where did that meal come from? Do you remember, like, how it originated in the Netherlands? (Pause) INTERVIEWER: Okay GRAHUIS: I think its more Dutch. The DutchINTERVIEWER: Okay because I remember someone, I don’t remember who it was, told me that they didn’t, when they didn’t have, like a lot of ingredients and stuff during the war, like and they had just potatoes, onions, and carrots, they were like lets throw it all into a pot, mash it up, and see what comes out. (Laughs) GRAHUIS: Uh-huh INTERVIEWER: So they had stumput, GRAHUIS: Uh-huh BALE: Yeah INTERVIEWER: And I’m glad they did. (Laughs) INTERVIEWER: It’s really good! GRAHUIS: Uh-huh BALE: So your diet was mainly potatoes, very little meat because meat was expensive. GRAHUIS: Oh yeah. We didn’t eat much meat at all. (Pause) It was very expensive. INTERVIEWER: Um-hm BALE: And the fish. GRAHUIS: Fish. Yeah. BALE: And cheese. GRAHUIS: And cheese. That’s cheese. INTERVIEWER: Um-hm. (Pause) Now did you go to college? GRAHUIS: No. I did not go to college. I went to high school. INTERVIEWER: Okay. GRAHUIS: Uh-.huh. INTERVIEWER: Do you have any specific memories from your high school? GRAHUIS: Yeah. We had some things that we did together as a class. Page 16 �INTERVIEWER: Mmm GRAHUIS: we would We did everything on bicycles. INTERVIEWER: Mmmmmm GRAHUIS: . We would go to go swimming, andINTERVIEWER: Okay. GRAHUIS: . It was quite a ways away, and, yeah. We did a lot of a lot of biking, biking. INTERVIEWER: Mm GRAHUIS: Yeah. So in those days you didn’t see very many big people. BALE: (Laugh) INTERVIEWER: Yeah! (Laugh) And what about jobs? Did you get a job when you graduated high school? GRAHUIS: No. I did not work. BALE: But you did say you had a job. In, GRAHUIS: Holland. BALE: that you had to bike to. When, that was after high school though. When you were in your twenties. (Pause) Didn’t you have a secretarial job or ajob that you, I remember you saying that you GRAHUIS: Oh yeah. When I was older. INTERVIEWER: Okay. BALE: Yeah. Before you immigrated over. INTERVIEWER: Before you immigrated. Yeah. That’s, yeah. GRAHUIS: Yeah. BALE: What was that job? GRAHUIS: let me think what did I do? (Pause) I worked at an office. INTERVIEWER: Okay BALE: Yup. You’d bike there everyday. GRAHUIS: Um-hm BALE: Howden was how far from Kronian (32:14)? GRAHUIS: five kilometers. Page 17 �BALE: Okay. INTERVIEWER: Hm, Okay. GRAHUIS: And I would go there in the morning, and then for lunch I would come home, and then at one o’clock I would go back. INTERVIEWER: Oh, wow. GRAHUIS: So, it’s a lot of biking. INTERVIEWER: That is a lot. Yeah. A couple miles in everyday. BALE: And you lived at home? GRAHUIS: I lived at home. Yeah. BALE: Okay. INTERVIEWER: And your family got along pretty well together, all of you kids? GRAHUIS: Eh, yeah. Hey, when you’re kids you have to fight once and a while. (Laughs) INTERVIEWER: Yeah. I know what that’s like. BALE: I remember GRAHUIS: We’re not perfect. BALE: Yeah. I remember you recently telling me this too that your grandfather lived with you. Your grandfather lived with you. INTERVIEWER: Oh. GRAHUIS: My Mom’s father. BALE: Right, and he didn’t have his own room cuz there were no rooms left over. He would sleep in the, on the couch. GRAHUIS: Yeah on the couch. BALE: On the couch in the dinning room, living room. GRAHUIS: Yes. BALE: Okay, and that just, he was part of the family. GRAHUIS: Yeah. That’s where he died. BALE: And that’s where he died. GRAHUIS: Yup. Page 18 �BALE: Okay. GRAHUIS: Yup. Um-hm. That’s right. (Pause) Yup. INTERVIEWER: Do you remember anything about the churches in the Netherlands, like the church you went to? GRAHUIS: Well they’re not like here. Um, in those days we didn’t have our groups INTERVIEWER: Like bible study and? GRAHUIS: Yes. Exactly. Um-hm. INTERVIEWER: Okay. GRAHUIS: So it was more for the older people. INTERVIEWER: Okay. GRAHUIS: Yeah. INTERVIEWER: Do they have an organ in the church? GRAHUIS: Oh yeah. Beautiful organ. BALE: Beautiful organ. GRAHUIS: Um-hm. BALE: Yup. INTERVIEWER: That’s cool. Now about your immigration, do you guys have any other questions about Holland? INTERVIEWER: No. I think we’ve heard a lot. INTERVIEWER: Okay was it uncommon for people to rnove to the United States in the Netherlands, or was it pretty common for people to just head over here? GRAHUIS: It was, yeah. There was a certain time period where a lot of people came to the United States. Yeah. INTERVIEWER: Okay. GRAHUIS: Or Canada. INTERVIEWER: Or Canada. INTERVIEWER: And was it just because they wanted to, or was there a reason they were leaving the Netherlands? Page 19 �GRAHUIS: it was, (Pause) it was well, we have big families. You know? Like my aunt and uncle. They immigrated because it wasn’t (Pause) they could feed them here. INTERVIEWER: So a better life? GRAHUIS: Yeah. A better life. INTERVIEWER: Opportunities. GRAHUIS: A much better life especially also going to school. INTERVIEWER: Yeah. GRAHUIS: . They would go to college here or- . So, (Pause) yup. A lot of big families immigrated. Yup. This is a great country. INTERVIEWER: Now, when you came to the U.S. so you boarded a plane from the Netherlands, and where did you... GRAHUIS: Amsterdam. Yup. INTERVIEWER: From Amsterdam. Where did you arrive? Where was your destination in the U.S.? Did you land in like New York or (Pause) where did you land on the flight? GRAHUIS: I think we landed where did we go to? BALE: Probably Chicago. GRAHUIS: Oh! Oh no. Detroit yeah, Detroit. INTERVIEWER: Was your intention always to come to Michigan? GRAHUIS: Yeah because I had a sister and a brother here. INTERVIEWER: Yeah. GRAHUIS: Um-hm. INTERVIEWER: So where did you go? Where did you start living When you got to the U.S.? GRAHUIS: Michigan. INTERVIEWER: Michigan. Like where INTERVIEWER: What city? INTERVIEWER: Like Kalamazoo or? GRAHUIS: Kalamazoo. INTERVIEWER: Okay, and that was, you lived with your brother then? Page 20 �GRAHUIS: Yeah. INTERVIEWER: Okay. GRAHUIS: John and Ida. INTERVIEWER: Okay. GRAHUIS: Yeah. INTERVIEWER: What was that like? GRAHUIS: John was my oldest brother. INTERVIEWER: Like did you find ajob right away or did you just? GRAHUIS: I also worked here in an office. INTERVIEWER: Oh okay. GRAHUIS: Uh-huh, and when did I start driving school bus? BALE: That was way later. GRAHUIS: Yeah. INTERVIEWER: Yeah that was way later. BALE: Didn’t you work at a department store? GRAHUIS: Yeah. BALE: In like, yeah. INTERVIEWER: Okay. BALE: Didn’t you even model some cloths? Did you model some cloths or? GRAHUIS: Yeah I did. I did. BALE: We should have brought a picture of it. INTERVIEWER: Yeah! I would have loved to see those! BALE: You were very nice looking. (Laughs) GRAHUIS: Yeah BALE: Oh well. (Laughs) INTERVIEWER: We don’t need to talk about that. (Laugh) Stop. (Laughs) INTERVIEWER: So then, was it quite recent after you moved to the U.S. that you met Opa? Page 21 �GRAHUIS: Yes. Uh-huh. Yup. INTERVIEWER: Okay. So was that like a few years after afterwards or? GRAHUIS: He was, oh gosh, he was in, he was in the military? (Pause) Yeah. INTERVIEWER: Okay. GRAHUIS: I was, let’s see now. Opa was twenty-five when I, when we married, and I was twenty-four. No. He was twenty-four; I was twenty-five. INTERVIEWER: Okay. GRAHUIS: So INTERVIEWER: Oh. So you met each other and you got married quite soon after that then. GRAHUIS: Yes. INTERVIEWER: Okay. GRAHUIS: Uh-huh. INTERVIEWER: So love at first sight kind of thing? GRAHUIS: Yup. (Laughs) INTERVIEWER: Right when you walked up to the door? (Laughs) GRAHUIS: Yeah. INTERVIEWER: so after you got married what did you guys do after that, like did you move somewhere, or did you get a house. GRAHUIS: Yeah. We got a house, and we had a house full of kids. (Laughs) INTERVIEWER: Okay. Tell us about that. INTERVIEWER: How many kids do you have? GRAHUIS: Three daughters. INTERVIEWER: Three daughters? GRAHUIS: -him. Monique is the oldest, and then we have Michelle, a year later, and then we have Melissa. BALE: A year later. (Laughs) INTERVIEWER: Wow! GRAHUIS: So Melissa lives in Australia. Page 22 �INTERVIEWER: Wow. GRAHUIS: And she’s coming here with her husband and their two children in a couple weeks. Right? INTERVIEWER: Mrnm. Yup. I’m looking forward to that. GRAHUIS: Yup. INTERVIEWER: To visit or to move? GRAHUIS: To visit. INTERVIEWER: Okay. INTERVIEWER: And what about that family experience? How did that differ from your family experience in the Netherlands? GRAHUIS: I don’t know. What do you mean with that? INTERVIEWER: Well, I mean just, what was your family experience like here I guess? Did you INTERVIEWER: With your husband and your children. INTERVIEWER: Yeah. INTERVIEWER: How did it differ from how you grew up in the Netherlands? INTERVIEWER: Did you have a better lifestyle here would you say or? BALE: Did you have a better lifestyle here? GRAHUIS: Yeah. Definitely. INTERVIEWER: Yeah? GRAHUIS: Oh definitely. INTERVIEWER: Yeah? GRAHUIS:huh. Yeah. Yup. INTERVIEWER: And was it ever, I mean, hard with money and anything or? GRAHUIS: No. My husband had a very good job. He went to the Kalamazoo college there. INTERVIEWER: Oh. Yeah. BALE: It’s Western Michigan. INTERVIEWER: Uh-huh. Page 23 �GRAHUIS: Yeah, and then he got his masters degree in Illinois, Northern Illinois University, and yeah. He had a good job. We had a good life. Yeah, and then Melissa went to Calvin right? INTERVIEWER: Calvin. Oh Yeah. BALE: Um-hrn. GRAHUIS: And you went to Calvin. BALE: Um-hm. GRAHUIS: And Michelle went to Farry, Farris. Farris! BALE: Um-hm. GRAHUIS: Yup. INTERVIEWER: So, did you, so you got married, and you lived in Kalamazoo GRAHUIS: Yes. INTERVIEWER: For a few years. Did you live there, now how long did you live in Kalamazoo? GRAHUIS: How long did we live in Kalamazoo INTERVIEWER: Like was it a long time, like did you have all three of your daughters in Kalamazoo? GRAHUIS: No. They were born in Chicago. INTERVIEWER: Okay. INTERVIEWER: Oh really? GRAHUIS: Yeah. Oh we moved all over the place. INTERVIEWER: Oh wow. INTERVIEWER: Tell us a little bit about that, like where did you guys, what were the different places you guys lived? GRAHUIS: Okay. That’s up to her. (Laughs) GRAHUIS: She knows better. BALE: So you lived in Michigan for a little bit after you were married. INTERVIEWER: Okay. BALE: And then you moved down to Chicago, where Dad got his masters, and then you started having us. We lived in Chicago for, I remember, about five years ‘cuz when I was kindergarten age we moved back up to Grand Haven, Michigan. Page 24 �INTERVIEWER: Oh. Okay. BALE: And that’s where we settled for, probably until I was in junior high, high school. GRAHUIS: -him BALE: So that’s where we started school, all three of us, and lived in Grand Haven. Yeah, and then we we lived in Grand Haven, and-uh we lived not too far from your sister, Evelyn, and another brother, Klaus, and another brother, John. So all three of the families, all four of the families were in Grand Haven. INTERVIEWER: Okay. BALE: And we were very close with the families. We all grew up together. INTERVIEWER: Okay. BALE: Lots of cousins. GRAHUIS: Yeah. BALE: And that was good. GRAHUIS: Yeah. BALE: That was a very good, good growing up. INTERVIEWER: A good few years? BALE: Yup, and when we got together we... everybody would be speaking Dutch. It was all, everything was in Dutch, and our INTERVIEWER: You too Mom? INTERVIEWER: So yeah. You know Dutch as well? BALE: Well I can understand it. INTERVIEWER: Oh okay. I didn’t know that. BALE: Yeah we can understand it. GRAHUIS: Melissa’s good at it. INTERVIEWER: Okay. BALE: We didn’t necessarily converse or speak, but it was all Dutch, and Dutch food. during the holidays, our Christrnas especially, we would always look forward to... they make like a specialty. Yeah a Dutch specialty is oliebollen. So it’s INTERVIEWER: Oliebollen, mmrnmm. Page 25 �BALE: Kind of a daylong process of making the dough and rising the the yeast rising it GRAHUIS: Yup. BALE: And it was all made out in the garage. It was GRAHUIS: So you don’t get all that smell in your home. BALE: Yup, and this is very traditional. INTERVIEWER: Yeah. BALE: So we would have oliebollen. INTERVIEWER: That’s awesome. So you guys took home some traditions from back there? BALE: Oh yeah! GRAHUIS: You Dutch. You know that. INTERVIEWER: Yeah. I know a lot about the food and stuff, but, and I love the food, but I haven’t heard of that before. I’ve never heard of that before, so. BALE: Oh oliebollen? INTERVIEWER: Yeah. I’ve never heard of that. BALE: Oh very traditional. INTERVIEWER: It’s good. It’s good too. GRAHUIS: Yeah. You fry them in oil. You have a pan full of oil, and you dump the stuff INTERVIEWER: The dough. GRAHUIS: Yeah, the dough. INTERVIEWER: Oh okay. GRAHUIS: Yeah. INTERVIEWER: Now did you, is that when you had your school bus job? GRAHUIS: When did I start INTERVIEWER: In Grand Haven. BALE: You started driving school oh boy. That wasn’t in Georgia. I would say GRAHUIS: No that was in Kalama, in- that was in Grand Haven. BALE: In Grand Haven. Page 26 �GRAHUIS: Yes. BALE: Okay. GRAHUIS:huh. INTERVIEWER: When was GRAHUIS: And I was the best bus driver. (Laughs) GRAHUIS: In Grand Haven. (Laughs) INTERVIEWER: Yeah. The kids loved you. INTERVIEWER: I’m sure. GRAHUIS: Yeah. INTERVIEWER: That’s awesome. GRAHUIS: Although, I could also be INTERVIEWER: Yeah. I heard you had to like, I remember you telling us storied about some of the kids on your bus, like some of them were very unruly, and GRAHUIS: Oh yah. They can be. INTERVIEWER: Oh yeah. So GRAHUIS: Children are children. INTERVIEWER: What age group did you, was it elementary, middle school? GRAHUIS: All age. INTERVIEWER: Oh all? GRAHUIS: Yup. Kindergarteners I had a kindergarten run in the afternoon, at noon, so I liked it, and now I get a little pension. (Laughs) INTERVIEWER: So where did you, you said you moved to Georgia? INTERVIEWER: Yeah where does Georgia fall into this? BALE: -hrn. INTERVIEWER: What other places did you move? BALE: We were very sad about that. INTERVIEWER: After Grand Haven? Okay. Page 27 �BALE: We lived in Grand Haven for, after Chicago, five years, we lived in Grand Haven for up until I was about, I would say, tenth grade, and Michelle ninth, and Melissa eighth, and then we, so it was very hard to leave a tight nit family group. INTERVIEWER: Yeah. BALE: . INTERVIEWER: That’s a tough time to leave. BALE: Um-hm. I was pretty devastated. So Dad got ajob down in near Atlanta, which is Roswell, Georgia. INTERVIEWER: Uh-huh. BALE: And so we left the family up in Grand Haven. We moved down to Georgia where Dad worked for a company. We were there for two years living in the south. INTERVIEWER: Oh gees. BALE: Yeah, and then INTERVIEWER: So you graduated there. INTERVIEWER: Yeah. BALE: No. I didn’t. INTERVIEWER: Oh no? BALE: Two years later, actually a year... two years later. We lived down there for two years I think. INTERVIEWER: -hm. BALE: And then we moved up to New York. INTERVIEWER: Oh wow. You guys have been all over. BALE: And we moved up to New York, and we lived there on Long Island for a year. GRAHUIS: Yup. Long Island. That’s right. INTERVIEWER: Wow. INTERVIEWER: Was this all for his work? BALE: So back up. I think GRAHUIS: Yeah. BALE: Georgia was my ninth grade. I moved in ninth grade to Georgia. INTERVIEWER: Okay. Page 28 �BALE: Ninth and tenth. GRAHUIS: Okay. BALE: Moved up to Long Island for a year, and that was very different ‘cuz we were blonde Dutch people. INTERVIEWER: Yeah! BALE: Living in GRAHUIS: She had boyfriends all over. (Laughs) BALE: We lived in an Italian; I mean it was all Italian. INTERVIEWER: Yeah. BALE: And, so those were our friends. INTERVIEWER: Just for the interviews sake, did you guys appreciate all the diversity that was around you or did you ever feel, or was there any sense of segregation ever? Like that’s just one of the questions we were just wondering about with the interviews we’re doing. GRAHUIS: No, no. INTERVIEWER: No sense of segregation? Okay. BALE: I don’t think so. GRAHUIS: No, not at all. INTERVIEWER: Because the U.S. was a very diverse time, very diverse time back then. GRAHUIS: No, I never felt that. INTERVIEWER: And your family, you’ve always been accepting of other races and stuff? GRAHUIS: Yeah. BALE: Yeah, I mean we grew up in a very, I mean it was a very Dutch, Western Michigan, so I don’t think. INTERVIEWER: Still is. BALE: We were among our own people. There was not much in Western Michigan diverse wise. In Grand Haven, Kalamazoo, it was mainly Dutch. INTERVIEWER: What about Chicago? BALE: Chicago was a little different. I don’t, I was young so I don’t really remember. in the apartment complex, I don’t remember a whole lot of diversity there. No. Page 29 �INTERVIEWER: Okay. GRAHUIS: But now like Monique, for instance, adopted an American, BALE: African American. GRAHUIS: African American boy. INTERVIEWER: Sean. GRAHUIS: Sean. Sean is our, Eli’s brother. INTERVIEWER: He’s my bro. GRAHUIS: And now she’s adopting two children of Congo. And she’s getting those two children, they are sisters. And she’s getting them in May. INTERVIEWER: That’s great, that’s awesome. That’s really cool. That’s’ really exciting. BALE: So here’s 100% Dutch, 100% Dutch. GRAHUIS: The blondies and the blackies. BALE: Lots of color, lots of color in our family. So yeah, we’ve never felt segregated. INTERVIEWER: So is there any specific memories that either of you have in those three, those five places that you lived? Like because you just told us about the history, Chicago, Georgia, New York, Netherlands, and Grand Haven. Do you have any specific memories of just like, a story or anything? Can you wrap your brain around? GRAHUIS: You probably do being in school. BALE: Specific stories? GRAHUIS: Didn’t you have a little problem in the Netherlands in school? BALE: yeah, I think some of my best memories were in the Netherlands. INTERVIEWER: Okay. BALE: Some of my best memories were there because we were in a completely different culture. I mean the Netherlands, but we were actually living in Holland. And we were old enough to travel around, so, because I was eighteen we traveled, when you’re in the Netherlands and there’s countries all around you, it’s like traveling to the next state or the next town, because I mean Belgium was, Germany was a few hours, right across the way. We would vacation, we vacationed in Italy and we went to Germany with our youth group. And for a class trip we went to London. And then GRAHUIS: So you would, oh excuse me. Then you would live with other families, didn’t you? BALE: No, not in the Netherlands, not in my high school years. Page 30 �GRAHUIS: Oh okay, oh. BALE: Yeah, so we had the freedom of travelling so it was wonderful, it was wonderful experiencing different culture in my high school years. But yeah, I think those are some of the best memories. And for a specific story, I don’t remember Eli, I’m sorry. INTERVIEWER: Maybe later you can tell me. BALE: Yeah. INTERVIEWER: Okay so, you said you moved back to Grand Haven? BALE: Yeah. INTERVIEWER: and then you went off to college and then I’m assuming Aunt Mitchie and Aunt Lizzie went off to college several years after that. So then when then they all left, it was just you and Opa? Now, is that about the time you got a bus driving job? Like I remember BALE: I think during our college years you were bus driving. INTERVIEWER: Okay. GRAHUIS: Mhm. BALE: Yeah. INTERVIEWER: And you must have drove buses for a while then because I can still remember when you GRAHUIS: I did, I did. I drove bus for twenty years. INTERVIEWER: Oh my gosh. Wow, that’s a long time. GRAHUIS: Get up at five o’clock in the morning and I pick all those kids up at home. INTERVIEWER: Oh wow. GRAHUIS: Oh, especially in the winter time. INTERVIEWER: Was it a fun job though? GRAHUIS: Oh, huh? INTERVIEWER: Was it fun? GRAHUIS: Yeah, I liked it, I enjoyed it. BALE: I think that an important thing for this interview is I a very big thing about being Dutch, and a very big thing that has, from the Dutch culture, I think ingrained in each one of the kids is being hard working and being thrifty. I think both you and dad were very hard working and you instilled that in us. And also spending wisely, being thrifty. This is all from the Dutch culture, because there was not much when you were growing up, there was not much to go around. You just made do with what you had. And you also, Page 31 �you all pulled together, you all had your chores. I remember you each having your chores. Because you had to rely on each other to do the work that had to be done. So that kind of passes on to the generations. Passing on down now to Eli. Your very hard working, aren’t you Eli? INTERVIEWER: Of course I am. So now you live in Grand Haven? GRAHUIS: I live in Grand Haven, yeah. INTERVIEWER: So what do you do now in Grand Haven, how do you spend your days? GRAHUIS: I lay on the couch. INTERVIEWER: Yeah. Do you live by yourself? GRAHUIS: I live by myself, yeah. Yeah, my husband died in November ‘08. So yeah. I have, of course, I have three daughters and they moved away she lives in the U.P., Michelle lives in Saginaw, and Melissa lives in Australia. And so I don’t have very much, I have a brother John that was the first one to come here, and he lives in Kalamazoo. Then I have a brother Peter who lives in South Bend. And I have some brothers, two sisters. Yeah. INTERVIEWER: And down in Kalamazoo there’s a little community of, that’s branched out from there, right? GRAHUIS: Lot’s of Dutch. INTERVIEWER: Lot’s of our family live down there still? GRAHUIS: Yes. BALE: And also, when we were growing up, we took two trips; we took two family trips to the Netherlands. So we were, I think my first trip over to the Netherlands to visit Opa and Oma. which is her folks, was when I was seven, eight? So we would, we would spend, I don’t know how many weeks we were there, three weeks maybe, we would live in, we would vacation over in _____? and we would bike around in Holland and we would get to know the Dutch cousins and get to know the Dutch aunts and uncles. And it was only during those trips that we got to know our Dutch side. because otherwise we didn’t grow know them at all. INTERVIEWER: Except for the few Dutch family you had in Grand Haven? BALE: Over here, right. But our other part of the family was over in the Netherlands. INTERVIEWER: That was a major part of your family. You really got to experience a major part of your roots. BALE: Right, right. INTERVIEWER: That’s awesome. Page 32 �BALE: And our second trip, we took another trip, we took two trips, anyways those were wonderful, precious memories. INTERVIEWER: That’s really cool that you got to do that. GRAHUIS: And I took her and my middle daughter, I took them to Australia. INTERVIEWER: Oh yeah, that was recent. GRAHUIS: Last year, January, yeah. INTERVIEWER: Yeah I can remember, just more recent years just all the times we would come to your house, like especially when the Yates were living in Cincinnati. I remember going to your house for Christmas and stuff and the whole family would be there. Go out to Penn Hill, camp in Big Rapids. Go there and yeah, I just remember going to Thanksgiving at your house and just coming down and visiting, going to church with you guys. GRAHUIS: See, those are all wonderful memories, yeah. INTERVIEWER: I remember mom, well I don’t remember you, I remember the video of you guys getting married in the backyard. That’s really fun. BALE: Yeah. INTERVIEWER: What about big events like, in the news and stuff when you were in, after you moved to the U.S.. Do you remember, like, the Martin Luther King Jr. “I had a Dream” or do you remember all that stuff? GRAHUIS: No. BALE: Do you remember Kennedy being shot? GRAHUIS: Oh yes. Yes. I remember that one, because you were a baby, I was feeding you. And the radio, it said that the president had been killed. BALE: Any other big events? INTERVIEWER: Vietnam War, or? GRAHUIS: No I don’t remember much about that. BALE: Do you remember much about civil rights, mom? GRAHUIS: No. BALE: What was going on in Detroit? GRAHUIS: No. BALE: African Americans? Page 33 �GRAHUIS: I don’t, I’d have to think about it first. BALE: What music? GRAHUIS: Music? BALE: What kind of music were you INTERVIEWER: You love the organ music. BALE: Yeah, Opa was big into organ music. That was also another thing. GRAHUIS: Yeah, I love guitar music. INTERVIEWER: That’s good. GRAHUIS: That’s how he learned. INTERVIEWER: That’s one of the reasons. GRAHUIS: I have two guitars. BALE: We had an old, and this is another part of growing up Dutch, is Dad played the organ, and we had an old pump organ in our house, and he would, all the family would come over, he would pump the organ and we would all sing hymns around the organ. And that’s what we would do when we would all get together. Youd have coffee, or another big Dutch thing is drinks. INTERVIEWER: Wine. GRAHUIS: Glass of wine. BALE: Little glass of wine. GRAHUIS: Like we had last night. We don’t overdo it. Oh no, just a little bit. BALE: We would play the pump organ and we would all sing around the pump organ. People don’t do that anymore. INTERVIEWER: It’s kind of like the American the American idea of singing around the campfire with a guitar and stuff. BALE: Yeah. INTERVIEWER: Yeah GRAHUIS: Where’s my purse. I need to take my medication. INTERVIEWER: Yeah, my grandma really likes to do that, get around the piano or something and sing songs and stuff. BALE: Oh really? Page 34 �INTERVIEWER: Is your grandma Dutch? Yeah she is. Yeah. BALE: I think that was a big thing with the Dutch is that, and that’s what you did growing up, is that after church, you would go to either your uncles or your aunts and you would all get together for coffee. GRAHUIS: Yeah, we did. BALE: And we’d always have we’d always talk and you’d have cookies and yeah, just gathering and hanging out. INTERVIEWER: Exactly. BALE: And no computers. GRAHUIS: No, no computers. BALE: And the cousins would play together. GRAHUIS: Yeah, that’s right. Yeah, good times. INTERVIEWER: Good food and good company. I said good food and good company. That’s great. GRAHUIS: Yeah. So, we should not forget that I have to go to my bible study. BALE: Yeah, she has a gathering to get to. INTERVIEWER: What time? It’s okay. BALE: Six o’clock I have to be at a restaurant. INTERVIEWER: Okay. We’ll make sure, we’ll make sure. Is there anything else you remember from, anything else, anything you want to share, about anything? Anything you want to be written about? Like we’re going to be writing a paper on this. Is there anything you want us to acknowledge? GRAHUIS: . BALE: Can I say something? I remember a very important event which I was able to go with you, was when I was at Calvin, I think it was at Calvin. or I was living in Grand Rapids going to school and you wanted to become a U.S. citizen. So I went down to, down to the courthouse, or I don’t remember, it was in Grand Rapids somewhere, and we went into a big room with many other folks from all different countries. We sat there, we went, we sat through an entire ceremony, and all the flags were represented, and then you receive your American citizenship. That was a really cool time. And you had to say the Pledge of Allegiance. It was really awesome. INTERVIEWER: Did your dad do that too? BALE: He did, but earlier. INTERVIEWER: Okay. Page 35 �BALE: I wasn’t around when dad became a citizen. GRAHUIS: No, dad went into the military. That’s, automatically how you become a citizen. INTERVIEWER: Oh okay, that makes sense. BALE: I also remember you did not graduate from, you never received your diploma from the Netherlands from high school. GRAHUIS: I got it when I came here. BALE: She went into America, you got your GED, you had to study, you had to take a test to get your high school diploma. I don’t know why you never graduated. INTERVIEWER: When did you get your diploma in high school? Were you alive, Mom? BALE: Oh yeah. Oh, I remember mom, I was in, I think I was in junior high or high school. I was in, yeah, you were studying for your GED because you wanted to graduate. INTERVIEWER: But you still had jobs and everything, you know? The difference between now and then. Now you have to go to college to get a job. It’s crazy. How was learning English? Was that difficult? GRAHUIS: Yeah, well I learned that in high school. We take, we learned. BALE: In the Netherlands. GRAHUIS: Yeah, we take German, French, English. All those. BALE: Italian? GRAHUIS: No, not Italian. BALE: Oh I thought you did. INTERVIEWER: So you know them all? GRAHUIS: Well French I don’t, I never kept up. I know German. I know of course English and Dutch. All those languages I studied. INTERVIEWER: That makes sense. So by the time you came to America, you were fluent in English? GRAHUIS: Well, I can’t say fluent. I did my best. INTERVIEWER: You could understand, Okay. Well that’s cool. GRAHUIS: When I came to this country I was living with my sister, and they would they would listen to the radio orthings I didn’t understand, hut you learn. INTERVIEWER: You put yourself in the environment and you kind of learn how it is. GRAHUIS: Yeah, yeah. Page 36 �INTERVIEWER: That’s awesome. I think that’s good. Is there anything else you want to share? GRAHUIS: Not that I know of. INTERVIEWER: Okay. GRAHUIS: We’ll have another meeting sometime. INTERVIEWER: Yeah, thank you. Thank you so much. That’s the interview. END OF INTERVIEW Page 37 � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b10abc3d867c92b3a07cd428e0fe1569.mp3 2dd12b6b79bfc5f986c60c3971c2204d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Speaking Out: Western Michigan Civil Rights Oral Histories Subject The topic of the resource Civil rights--Michigan--History Personal narratives Oral histories African Americans--Personal narratives Gays--Personal narratives Lesbians--Personal narratives Bisexual people--Personal narratives Transgender people--Personal narratives Veterans--Personal narratives Women--Personal narratives People with disabilities--Personal narratives Muslims--United States--Personal narratives Hispanic Americans--Personal narratives Homophobia Discrimination Islamophobia Stereotypes (Social psychology)--Upper Penninsula (Mich.) Description An account of the resource Collection of oral history recordings documenting the history of civil rights and social justice advocacy in Western Michigan. The collection was created by faculty and students as a project of the LIB 201 (formerly US 201): "Diversity in the U.S." course from 2011-2012. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. Brooks College of Interdisciplinary Studies Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Speaking Out: Western Michigan Civil Rights Oral History Project (GV248-01) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-05-02 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV248-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1930-2011 Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV248-01_Grahuis_Helen Title A name given to the resource Helen Grahuis audio interview and transcript Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grahuis, Helen Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cohen, Alissa Frazer, Hannah Byker, Bryce Bale, Eli Description An account of the resource Helen Grahius was born and raised in Haren, Groningen, Netherlands. Later in life, she moved to West Michigan to be with her siblings. She discusses her life in the Netherlands and in the United States. Subject The topic of the resource Civil rights--Michigan--History Women--Personal narratives Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 application/pdf Relation A related resource Speaking Out: Western Michigan Civil Rights Oral History Project Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012-03-16 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d13cb198a34e9bf46c3637ae2f411234.m4v 1fcac04b5a39af9b4007ed9079ab1889 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8cfbaef382a8f004481e92b331ffd627.pdf 295cafede1f902e4a9487dc15ee54837 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans’ History Project Leonhard Grams World War II (Polish citizen; German soldier) 41 minutes 24 seconds (00:00:12) Early Life Pt. 1 -Born on May 20, 1920, in Adamow, Poland -Town 60 miles south of Russian border in eastern Poland -Had four brothers and a sister -He was the youngest (00:01:19) Beginning of the War Pt. 1 -Not long after the war broke out, they moved to German-occupied Poland -Left everything behind and lost everything (00:01:39) Early Life Pt. 2 -His parents were farmers -They were ethnic Germans living in Poland (00:01:58) Moving to German-Occupied Poland Pt. 1 -Fled Russian-occupied Poland to move to German-occupied Poland (00:02:21) Early Life Pt. 3 -Learned Polish and German in school -Before the war, Polish and German relations were good -After the war broke out, those relations deteriorated -Some Polish people killed ethnic Germans -Before the war, he worked on the family farm -All of his siblings had gotten married, so he stayed behind to help on the farm (00:03:28) Beginning of the War Pt. 2 -Didn’t expect there to be a war -Had been living as a Polish citizen -Witnessed the Red Army come into Poland -They protected ethnic Germans (00:04:48) Moving to German-Occupied Poland Pt. 2 -Family had to choose between living under Stalin’s rule, or Hitler’s rule -They decided to move to German-occupied Poland -Got another farm -Smaller than their original farm -Continued living with his parents (00:07:24) Stationed at Tempelhof-Berlin Field Pt. 1 -On February 2, 1941, he was drafted into the Luftwaffe (German air force) -Stationed at Tempelhof-Berlin Field in Berlin -Received his training there after he reported for duty -Part of an antiaircraft crew, but never shot down an enemy plane �(00:08:30) Stationed on Russian Front Pt. 1 -Placed in boxcars and taken by train to the Russian front -Tasked with catching saboteurs placing explosives on the train tracks -Never found anyone -Went to the Russian front in 1942 -Placed on the frontline and tasked with providing support to the frontline troops -Part of a security team -Went deep into Russian territory -Remembers it being cold and snowy -In 1943, the Russians began their counteroffensive against German forces -The Russians began hitting positions with airstrikes -During this time, he was on a machinegun (00:11:30) Getting Wounded the First Time Pt. 1 -In one airstrike, bombs landed on both sides of him, and he took shrapnel in his shoulder -Stretcher-bearers collected him, but fled because the Russian plane kept circling -Once it left, the stretcher-bearers came back -He was taken to a field hospital for initial treatment, but needed x-rays -He was then moved to a more sophisticated hospital in Kiev -Learned he had a broken arm -Would have had it amputated if it had become infected -Sent to an Austrian hospital, then sent to his parents’ farm for final recovery (00:14:50) Re-Drafted into Wehrmacht -Once he recovered, he was re-drafted into the Wehrmacht (German army) -Worked with horses, but not on the frontline -Stationed somewhere in Germany (00:15:43) Stationed at Tempelhof-Berlin Field Pt. 2 -Had subterranean barracks at Tempelhof to protect against air raids -By permission, they were allowed to visit Berlin -Spent most of their time training -Received some basic infantry training with rifles and machineguns (00:17:15) Stationed on the Russian Front Pt. 2 -On the Russian front, he slept on the ground -The Russian civilians he met were friendly -They worked as saboteurs, but nothing happened during his time on the front -Formed new units in 1943 to defend against the Russian counteroffensive -Russians attacked with their air force, and the Germans had no planes in Leonhard’s sector (00:20:12) Getting Wounded the First Time Pt. 2 -While in the hospital, he was basically immobilized due to his casts -Would’ve been allowed to walk around had he been mobile -In a cast for about three months (00:21:16) Getting Wounded Second Time Pt. 1, End of War & Getting Captured -At the end of the war, he was with a unit in Austria -Got shot in the leg �-Placed on a hospital train bound for a designated hospital city in Germany -Combination of wounded Germans and prisoners-of-war in that city -Kept on the train until May 20, 1944 (19450 when French forces took him prisoner -Note: Means he was possibly in western Austria -Brought to a Catholic church by the French forces -Sent to a prisoner-of-war camp in southern Germany once he recovered -Loaded onto trucks and taken to a prisoner-of-war camp in France -No food for three days -French farmer eventually brought them some food -Taken to a barracks and repaired them -Tasked with digging up landmines -After his third week of that work, he tripped a mine -Sustained burns on his face and side, and temporarily lost his sight -Taken to Germany and was treated by French and German doctors -Regained his sight -Treated in Heidelberg -Granted a temporary discharge by the French (00:27:00) Life after War – Living in Europe -Didn’t know where his mother, or the rest of his family lived -Later learned that his mother and one of his brothers lived in East Germany -Met a farmer and worked for him for two years until he found his mother -Granted permission to visit his mother in East Germany (once he located her) -Moved to West Germany -Had originally planned on getting married in 1944 -He got drafted into the Wehrmacht in 1944 -His girlfriend was placed in a prison camp in Poland in 1944 -Reconnected with his girlfriend in West Germany, and they got married in 1946 (00:29:11) Coming to America -Came to the United States in 1959 -There was no steady work in Germany -He took any job he could find, and most of it was temporary work in the summer -Attended college to learn how to weld -His uncle was living in Edmonton, Canada, and he encouraged Leonhard to move there -Go to Canada first, then go to America -One of his brothers lived in America -He had migrated there in 1955 -Brother encouraged him to try the United States first before going straight to Canada -Came to the United States without speaking English -Found welding work with an owner that spoke German -Worked as a welder for 31 years at Superior Steel -Found work as a cabinet maker after the first job ended (00:32:14) Air Raids in Berlin -In Berlin, they were supposed to prepare for and retaliate against air raids �-Remembers a dud bomb landing extremely close to him during a raid -Picked it up and tossed it away -During bombing runs at night, all he could see was smoke and flames *Note: Air raids on Berlin had begun in August 1940 (00:33:18) Getting Wounded the Second Time Pt. 2 -Wounded in Austria during ground fighting -Doesn’t know where the bullet came from, and thinks it may have been a stray round (00:34:10) News on the War -Given no information about the progress of the war -The truth was wrapped in secrecy -Constantly told they were making progress toward victory, even as Germany lost (00:34:42) War Crimes & Other Atrocities -Knew nothing about the concentration camps or the Holocaust -Older brother was beaten by some Polish boys after the war’s end -A Russian officer intervened and saved the brother’s life -Brought Leonhard’s brother to his unit -Allowed to go to East Germany -Polish government wouldn’t allow his family to leave -Via the Red Cross, his family eventually moved to East Germany -Future wife was held at a prison camp in Poland because she was an ethnic German -Interned in 1944 near the end of the war with other ethnic German women -They were stripped and whipped by Polish officers -Some of the women were taken by the Polish soldiers -He wasn’t very interested in politics, and on the farm, he didn’t pay attention to politics -Focused on taking care of his parents and helping them (00:39:22) Death of His Father -His father died in 1941 -He was allowed to go to his parents’ farm in July 1941 to help with their harvest -His father died shortly after he returned to his Luftwaffe unit in Berlin -Most likely sometime in later 1941 (00:40:40) Wehrmacht & Stationed on the Russian Front Pt. 3 -When he went to the Russian front, he was transferred into the Wehrmacht -Issued a new uniform when he went � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_GramsL2088V Title A name given to the resource Grams, Leonhard (Interview outline and video), 2017 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-01-10 Description An account of the resource Leonhard Grams was born on May 20, 1920, in Adamow, Poland. After war broke out in 1939, his family moved to German-occupied Poland because they were ethnic Germans. On February 2, 1941, he was drafted into the Luftwaffe and served at Tempelhof-Berlin Field in Berlin. He served as part of an antiaircraft crew and witnessed multiple bombings of Berlin. He was sent to the Russian front in 1942, and was later wounded and sent to a hospital in Austria, went back into the army and was taken prisoner by the French at the end of the war. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grams, Leonhard Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Germany. Army. Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Moving Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/x-m4v application/pdf https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/8527e7229a11a6ed9501434d86173582.jpg 01d4224eb2026c792425d2b03ec18087 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club Description An account of the resource Scrapbooks of newsclippings, photographs, postcards, and ephemera of the Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club. Photos were taken at regattas on Reeds Lake; the Grand River; Peoria, Illinois; and in Chicago of club members, and events. Historical articles, reports of regatta events, and articles featuring members Charles McQuewan and Jack Corbett are included. Programs include the First Grand Regatta on Great Salt Lake 1888, and Peoria Rowing Festival, and banquet and music programs and the GR Log, a publication of the Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club. Materials from the Central States Amater Rowing Association, and the National Association of Amateur Oarsmen are also included. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1980s to 1940s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/481">Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club scrapbooks, (RHC-54)</a> Subject The topic of the resource Grand Rapids (Mich.) Outdoor recreation Boats and boating Racing shells Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-54 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-54_Photographs-GRRC01 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource no date Title A name given to the resource 8-man crew boat racing Description An account of the resource Unidentified 8-man crew boat racing before a large crowd in the background. In the foreground, a bouy holds a flag with a large circle in the center. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Rapids (Mich.) Outdoor recreation Boats and boating Racing shells Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/481">Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club scrapbooks (RHC-54)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/">No Known Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4acc472d5aa5677678003fb1267091f8.jpg b834da17ba7f27c02abc79fcb8a88cb1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club Description An account of the resource Scrapbooks of newsclippings, photographs, postcards, and ephemera of the Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club. Photos were taken at regattas on Reeds Lake; the Grand River; Peoria, Illinois; and in Chicago of club members, and events. Historical articles, reports of regatta events, and articles featuring members Charles McQuewan and Jack Corbett are included. Programs include the First Grand Regatta on Great Salt Lake 1888, and Peoria Rowing Festival, and banquet and music programs and the GR Log, a publication of the Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club. Materials from the Central States Amater Rowing Association, and the National Association of Amateur Oarsmen are also included. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1980s to 1940s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/481">Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club scrapbooks, (RHC-54)</a> Subject The topic of the resource Grand Rapids (Mich.) Outdoor recreation Boats and boating Racing shells Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-54 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-54_Photographs-GRRC02 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource no date Title A name given to the resource Two Rowing Clubmates with Oars Description An account of the resource Alfred Davies, Junior Single, with Harold Hartwick, Junior Double, posing with their oars in the grass. In the background, a building and chair. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Rapids (Mich.) Outdoor recreation Boats and boating Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/481">Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club scrapbooks (RHC-54)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/">No Known Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2bd678d7c295b76828d55c0bb0a9f3dc.jpg b5c6c54be2b41ca119717b39ea790768 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club Description An account of the resource Scrapbooks of newsclippings, photographs, postcards, and ephemera of the Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club. Photos were taken at regattas on Reeds Lake; the Grand River; Peoria, Illinois; and in Chicago of club members, and events. Historical articles, reports of regatta events, and articles featuring members Charles McQuewan and Jack Corbett are included. Programs include the First Grand Regatta on Great Salt Lake 1888, and Peoria Rowing Festival, and banquet and music programs and the GR Log, a publication of the Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club. Materials from the Central States Amater Rowing Association, and the National Association of Amateur Oarsmen are also included. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1980s to 1940s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/481">Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club scrapbooks, (RHC-54)</a> Subject The topic of the resource Grand Rapids (Mich.) Outdoor recreation Boats and boating Racing shells Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-54 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-54_Photographs-GRRC03 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource no date Title A name given to the resource Oarman in Single Event Description An account of the resource Herbert Heinrich in single rowboat. In the background, a docked doubles rowboat with male spectator on left side. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Rapids (Mich.) Outdoor recreation Boats and boating Racing shells Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/481">Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club scrapbooks (RHC-54)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/">No Known Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3064f57a54d486c95dae2bca295ba553.jpg 1caf3f9cac8bdf09125ae0dfb2e5927f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club Description An account of the resource Scrapbooks of newsclippings, photographs, postcards, and ephemera of the Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club. Photos were taken at regattas on Reeds Lake; the Grand River; Peoria, Illinois; and in Chicago of club members, and events. Historical articles, reports of regatta events, and articles featuring members Charles McQuewan and Jack Corbett are included. Programs include the First Grand Regatta on Great Salt Lake 1888, and Peoria Rowing Festival, and banquet and music programs and the GR Log, a publication of the Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club. Materials from the Central States Amater Rowing Association, and the National Association of Amateur Oarsmen are also included. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1980s to 1940s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/481">Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club scrapbooks, (RHC-54)</a> Subject The topic of the resource Grand Rapids (Mich.) Outdoor recreation Boats and boating Racing shells Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-54 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-54_Photographs-GRRC04 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource no date Title A name given to the resource 4-Crew+Cox Boat Racing Description An account of the resource Unidentified 4-man crew boat racing with 3 other bpats visible. Trees in the background, open water in the foreground. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Rapids (Mich.) Outdoor recreation Boats and boating Racing shells Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/481">Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club scrapbooks (RHC-54)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/">No Known Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/026c33567ad6426346bfa0f1b24e8797.jpg 63cdc61c9f20f4fc2982cb5e9a1cd254 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club Description An account of the resource Scrapbooks of newsclippings, photographs, postcards, and ephemera of the Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club. Photos were taken at regattas on Reeds Lake; the Grand River; Peoria, Illinois; and in Chicago of club members, and events. Historical articles, reports of regatta events, and articles featuring members Charles McQuewan and Jack Corbett are included. Programs include the First Grand Regatta on Great Salt Lake 1888, and Peoria Rowing Festival, and banquet and music programs and the GR Log, a publication of the Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club. Materials from the Central States Amater Rowing Association, and the National Association of Amateur Oarsmen are also included. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1980s to 1940s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/481">Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club scrapbooks, (RHC-54)</a> Subject The topic of the resource Grand Rapids (Mich.) Outdoor recreation Boats and boating Racing shells Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-54 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-54_Photographs-GRRC05 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource no date Title A name given to the resource 4-man Crew Boat in Water Description An account of the resource 4-man crew in the water with James Stewart at the bow, Herbert Heinrich in 2nd position, John T. Jans at 3rd, and John C. Spaulding on stroke. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Rapids (Mich.) Outdoor recreation Boats and boating Racing shells Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/481">Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club scrapbooks (RHC-54)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/">No Known Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/541f2a0f0f38a200b4a9a4055293e5fb.jpg 1d23267e73e73681c9c504c559b6e869 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club Description An account of the resource Scrapbooks of newsclippings, photographs, postcards, and ephemera of the Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club. Photos were taken at regattas on Reeds Lake; the Grand River; Peoria, Illinois; and in Chicago of club members, and events. Historical articles, reports of regatta events, and articles featuring members Charles McQuewan and Jack Corbett are included. Programs include the First Grand Regatta on Great Salt Lake 1888, and Peoria Rowing Festival, and banquet and music programs and the GR Log, a publication of the Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club. Materials from the Central States Amater Rowing Association, and the National Association of Amateur Oarsmen are also included. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1980s to 1940s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/481">Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club scrapbooks, (RHC-54)</a> Subject The topic of the resource Grand Rapids (Mich.) Outdoor recreation Boats and boating Racing shells Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-54 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-54_Photographs-GRRC06 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource no date Title A name given to the resource Cadillac Boat Club Junior Eight Description An account of the resource 8-man crewboat with cox in the water before a dock with 3 spectator boats and a few spectators in the background. Herbert Heinrich at the bow, John Spaulding on 2nd, J. Walters on 3rd, E. Heinz on 4th, W. Garsztecki on 5th, John Jans (Captain) on 6th, E. Heinrich on 7th, James Stewart on stroke, and C. Randall as Cox. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Rapids (Mich.) Outdoor recreation Boats and boating Racing shells Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/481">Grand Rapids Boat and Canoe Club scrapbooks (RHC-54)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NKC/1.0/">No Known Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives