286 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/78db979c1d5afef235bbcc31ea4ae4a9.jpg 43cdebd75e62150c3eabb3115c6fb48a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_J100-0031 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969-04-06 Title A name given to the resource Easter Parade, New York City Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a close-up view of an Easter Parade that took place in New York, New York. In the photograph, a group of young people are standing together while dressed up for the parade in the foreground, including a young woman wearing an alpine style tyrolean hat. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource New York (N.Y.) Parades--New York (State)--New York Easter Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3f10424270aab6ecf12972f9b241ed9f.jpg c10a0d5d4132b93872bccb463c881610 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_J100-0002 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969-04-06 Title A name given to the resource Easter Parade, New York City Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a crowd of people gathered together for an Easter Parade that took place in New York, New York. In the photograph, a group of people are standing together on a New York City street for the parade in the foreground, including a young man performing in the center while the others have gathered around him. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource New York (N.Y.) Parades--New York (State)--New York Easter Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b2a34f8ee050d29213234a4a7cabc93b.jpg 78ee1c9db2f9ace2e7f188b2633eb0bf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_J100-0040 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969-04-06 Title A name given to the resource Easter Parade, New York City Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a crowd of people gathered together for an Easter Parade that took place in New York, New York. In the photograph, groups of people are seen walking together on a New York City street and sidewalk for the parade and wearing their "Sunday Best" clothing. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource New York (N.Y.) Parades--New York (State)--New York Easter Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/86b4d67dee2f84f4ae52d55352dc5292.jpg fd9f1ff51f1acafda3d040012e801a15 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_J101-0023 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969-04-06 Title A name given to the resource Easter Parade, New York City Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a crowd of people gathered together for an Easter Parade that took place in New York, New York. In the photograph, a group of young adults are performing a song and dance for the parade on a New York City street in the foreground while a crowd of people are gathered on the sidewalk around them. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource New York (N.Y.) Parades--New York (State)--New York Easter Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4a48525d4831e37e079b94c766e42010.jpg c4962f1cb2b9765208e40f1e739aa935 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_J101-0036 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969-04-06 Title A name given to the resource Easter Parade, New York City Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a crowd of people gathered together for an Easter Parade that took place in New York, New York. In the photograph, groups of people are seen seated on park benches and filling the walkways with pedestrian traffic in Central Park. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Central Park (New York, N.Y.) New York (N.Y.) Parades--New York (State)--New York Easter Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/83a020fed34ad2daec4717ca8cc2fbe9.pdf 336c47ab32af1445c37db5ad5a199b18 PDF Text Text Easter Reflection Luke 24:13-35 Richard A. Rhem Lakeshore Interfaith Community, Mothers’ Trust Ganges, Michigan April 19, 2009 Prepared Text of Sermon   Last week another Easter – the highest Holy Day of the Christian Calendar, the culmination of the Season of Lent and the darkness of Holy Week. The day dawns and the faithful shout, “The Lord is risen! He is risen indeed.” The worship of Easter is magnificent; the music lifts one into ecstasy and the message of resurrection assures that when darkness has done its darkest deed, God acts to assure that in the end the evil foe is defeated, the agents of evil are vanquished and the final word is light not darkness, joy, not sadness, triumph, not defeat.   Why  then  would  I  rather  preach  on  Palm  Sunday  than  Easter;  Maundy  Thursday   than  Easter;  Good  Friday  than  Easter?  This  is  in  fact  the  case.  I’ve  been  aware  of  it   for  several  years.  During  those  years  I  have  loved  our  Easter  worship  –  the  liturgy,   the  music,  the  whole  setting  so  fraught  with  spring  –new  life,  new  beginning   expressed  in  the  décor  of  the  day.  But  the  sermon;  that  has  been  the  rub.     In  a  sermon  entitled  “The  End  Is  Life,”  Frederick  Buechner  refers  to  the  Jewish   leaders  coming  to  Pilate  to  have  a  guard  set  at  the  Tomb  lest  the  disciples  come  and   steal  the  body.  Pilate  responds,  go  ahead  –  make  it  as  secure  as  you  can.  Then   Buechner  raises  the  question  “How  do  soldiers  secure  the  world  against  a  miracle?”   And  he  continues,  pointing  to  the  fact  that  one  can  do  a  great  deal  in  defense  against   miracles  –  and  he  points  an  accusing  finger  at  preachers  on  Easter:     …. How does an old man keep the sun from rising? How do soldiers secure the world against miracle?   Yet  maybe  it  is  not  as  hard  as  they  feared.  I  suspect  that  many  of  us  could   have  greatly  reassured  them.  I  suspect  that  many  of  us  could  tell  them  that  all   in  all  there  is  a  lot  one  can  do  in  defense  against  miracle,  and,  unless  I  badly   miss  my  guess,  there  are  thousands  upon  thousands  of  ministers  doing   precisely  that  at  any  given  instant  –  making  it  as  secure  as  they  can,  that  is,   which  is  really  quite  secure  indeed.    The  technique  of  the  chief  priests  and   the  Pharisees  was  to  seal  the  tomb  with  a  boulder  and  then  to  post  a  troop  of   guards  to  keep  watch  over  it;  but  even  for  its  time  that  was  crude.  The  point   © Grand Valley State University   �Easter Reflection Richard A. Rhem Page 2   is  not  to  try  to  prevent  the  thing  from  happening  –  like  trying  to  stop  the   wind  with  a  machine  gun  –  but,  every  time  it  happens,  somehow  to  explain  it   away,  to  deflect  it,  defuse  it,  in  one  way  or  another  to  dispose  of  it.  And  there   are  at  least  as  many  ways  of  doing  this  as  there  are  sermons  preached  on   Easter  Sunday.          (Frederick  Buechner,  The  Magnificent  Defeat,  p.  77)     Those words have rattled me for a long time – that book of Buechner’s sermons was published in 1966. Buechner was an ordained Presbyterian minister but, I think, never served a congregation or preached much at all. He was a writer and a great writer he is, stimulating as in this Easter sermon and as a good preacher should be –troubling!   Buechner  illustrates  what  he  means  when  he  accuses  preachers  of  Easter  sermons   deflecting  or  defusing  the  miracle  of  resurrection:     We  can  say  that  the  story  of  the  Resurrection  means  simply  that  the   teachings  of  Jesus  are  immortal  like  the  plays  of  Shakespeare  or  the  music  of   Beethoven  and  that  their  wisdom  and  truth  will  live  on  forever.  Or  we  can   say  that  the  Resurrection  means  that  the  spirit  of  Jesus  is  undying,  that  he   himself  lives  on  among  us,  the  way  that  Socrates  does,  for  instance,  in  the   good  that  he  left  behind  him,  in  the  lives  of  all  who  follow  his  great  example.   Or  we  can  say  that  the  language  in  which  the  Gospels  describe  the   Resurrection  of  Jesus  is  the  language  of  poetry  and  that,  as  such,  it  is  not  to  be   taken  literally  but  as  pointing  to  a  truth  more  profound  than  the  literal.  Very   often,  I  think,  this  is  the  way  that  the  Bible  is  written,  and  I  would  point  to   some  of  the  stories  about  the  birth  of  Jesus,  for  instance,  as  examples;  but  in   the  case  of  the  Resurrection,  this  simply  does  not  apply  because  there  really   is  no  story  about  the  Resurrection  in  the  New  Testament.  Except  in  the  most   fragmentary  way,  it  is  simply  proclaimed  as  a  fact.  Christ  is  risen!  In  fact,  the   very  existence  of  the  New  Testament  itself  proclaims  it.  Unless  something   very  real  indeed  took  place  on  that  strange,  confused  morning,  there  would   be  no  New  Testament,  no  Church,  no  Christianity.  (p.  77f)     After seven years of pastoral ministry, four in Spring Lake and three in New Jersey, I left for Europe where I studied for four years at the University of Leiden in The Netherlands. I had considered graduate study when I was in Seminary but after four years of college and three years of seminary study – at age 25 – I was ready to realize my goal of becoming a pastor.   I  was  very  conservative  –  an  orthodox  Reformed  pastor.  I  was  very  serious  and  very   insecure  I  now  realize.  I  dotted  the  i’s  and  crossed  the  t’s;  I  was  also  defensive   against  any  question  raised  to  my  orthodox  Reformed  theology.  I  didn’t  really   understand  that  then  but  I  have  come  to  realize  that  the  posture  of  certitude  I   displayed  was  a  cover  for  a  deep-­‐seated  fear  that  Christian  faith  as  I  understood  it   and  believed  it  might  not  be  able  to  withstand  the  assaults  of  modernity  and  the   ongoing  explosion  of  knowledge  in  all  areas  of  human  inquiry.  If  I  remember   © Grand Valley State University �Easter Reflection Richard A. Rhem Page 3   correctly,  it  was  not  a  question  whether  or  not  my  faith  understanding  was  true;   with  all  my  being  I  believed  it  to  be  the  truth  based  on  Scriptural  revelation  and   Reformed  confessional  interpretation.  My  hidden  worry  was  that  that  truth  might   not  prevail  in  the  battle  of  opposing  theologies,  philosophies  and  modern  science.     In  reflection  on  those  early  years  of  ministry  I  now  realize  that  I  was  really  scared  to   death  because,  ironically,  I  was  a  good  enough  student  to  sense  the  very  real   challenges  that  were  raised  against  my  very  narrow  and  parochial  views.  In  other   words,  I  “got”  the  questions  even  though  I  could  hardly  have  let  that  fact  arise  in  my   consciousness.     Eventually  the  questions  “got”  me.  After  seven  years  of  preaching  and  pastoral   ministry,  I  finally  arrived  at  the  place  where  I  no  longer  had  answers  for  all  the   questions  but  began  to  discern  the  questions.  It  was  time  to  face  those  questions  by   fulfilling  the  postponed  adventure  of  further  study  and  that  in  Europe  where   Professor  Hendrikus  Berkhof,  theologian  of  the  Hervormde  Kerk  on  the  faculty  of   the  University  of  Leiden,  took  me  on  and  became  my  mentor.  For  four  years  I  read   voraciously,  took  in  lectures,  sermons  and  had  frequent  appointments  with   Professor  Berkhof,  who,  for  me,  was  the  perfect  teacher  and  guide.  A  perfect  teacher   for  me  because  he  himself  had  gone  through  the  very  struggle  to  unite  mind  and   heart  that  I  was  going  through.  I  would  raise  my  questions  and  he  would  say,  “Ja,  Ja,   that  is  the  question,”  whereas  what  I  wanted  was  the  answer.  Those  were  marvelous   years  of  intense  theological,  biblical  struggle  with  the  Christian  faith.     Barth  and  Bultmann  were  still  the  leading  lights  of  European  theological  scholarship   along  with  a  growing  host  of  colleagues.  Berkhof  assigned  me  Barth’s  Dogmatics,  Vol.   I,  2  –The  Doctrine  of  the  Word  of  God  –  this  was  the  second  half  of  Volume  I   consisting  of  a  mere  854  pages.  I  had  been  given  the  impression  at  Western   Theological  Seminary  during  my  sojourn  there  in  the  late  50’s  that  Barth  was   suspect;  we  did  not  read  Barth.  But  now,  as  I  did  so,  I  was  amazed.  Not  only  was  he   the  greatest  theologian  of  the  twentieth  century,  he  was  affirming  the  orthodox  faith   in  which  I  had  been  raised  and  educated  and  had  preached.     For  example,  regarding  the  resurrection  about  which  we  are  inquiring  today,  Barth   speaks  of  it  as  the  miracle  at  the  end  of  Jesus’  presence  in  history  as  the  Incarnate   God.  At  the  beginning,  the  miracle  of  the  virgin  birth  indicating  Jesus  was  not  the   product  of  human  capability.  He  was  in  history  but  did  not  arise  out  of  history.  And   at  the  end,  the  miracle  of  resurrection,  the  empty  tomb,  the  sign  that  death  was   overcome.  These  are  Barth’s  own  words:     Now it is no accident that for us the Virgin birth is paralleled by the miracle of which the Easter witness speaks, the miracle of the empty tomb. These two miracles belong together. They constitute, as it were, a single sign, the special function of which, compared with other signs and wonders of the New Testament witness, is to describe and mark out the existence of Jesus Christ, amid the many © Grand Valley State University �Easter Reflection Richard A. Rhem Page 4   other existences in human history, as that human historical existence in which God is Himself, God is alone, God is directly the Subject, the temporal reality of which is not only called forth, created, conditioned and supported by the eternal reality of God, but is identical with it. The Virgin birth at the opening and the empty tomb at the close of Jesus’ life bear witness that this life is a fact marked off from all the rest of human life, and marked off in the first instance, not by our understanding or our interpretation, but by itself. Marked off in regard to its origin: it is free of the arbitrariness which underlies all our existences. And marked off in regard to its goal: it is victorious over the death to which we are all liable. Only within these limits is it what it is and is it correctly understood, as the mystery of the revelation of God. It is to that mystery that these limits point – he who ignores them or wishes them away must see to it that he is not thinking of something quite different from this…. The  mutual  relationship  between  these  two  limits  may  perhaps  be  defined   thus.  The  Virgin  birth  denotes  particularly  the  mystery  of  revelation.  It   denotes  the  fact  that  God  stands  at  the  start  where  real  revelation  takes  place   –  God  and  not  the  arbitrary  cleverness,  capability,  or  piety  of  man.  In  Jesus   Christ  God  comes  forth  out  of  the  profound  hiddenness  of  His  divinity  in  order   to  act  as  God  among  us  and  upon  us.  That  is  revealed  and  made  visible  to  us  in   the  sign  of  the  resurrection  of  Jesus  Christ  from  the  dead,  but  it  is  grounded   upon  the  fact  signified  by  the  Virgin  birth,  that  here  in  this  Jesus  God  Himself   has  really  come  down  and  concealed  Himself  in  humanity.  It  is  because  He   was  veiled  here  that  He  could  and  had  to  unveil  Himself  as  He  did  at  Easter.   The  empty  tomb,  on  the  other  hand,  denotes  particularly  the  revelation  of  the   mystery….That  God  Himself  in  His  complete  majesty  was  one    with  us,  as  the   Virgin  birth  indicates,  is  verified  in  what  the  empty  tomb  indicates,  that  here   in  this  Jesus  the  living  God  has  spoken  to  us  men  in  accents  we  cannot  fail  to   hear.  Because  He  has  unveiled  Himself  here  as  the  One  He  is,  we  may  and   must  say  what  the  Christmas  messages  says,  that  unto  you  is  born  this  day  the   Saviour.  The  mystery  at  the  beginning  is  the  basis  of  the  mystery  at  the  end;   and  by  the  mystery  of  the  end  the  mystery  of  the  beginning  becomes  active   and  knowable.  And  since  this  is  so,  the  same  objective  content  is  signified  in   the  one  case  by  the  miracle  of  the  Virgin  birth,  in  the  other  by  the  miracle  of   the  empty  tomb….      (Dogmatics:  The  Doctrine  of  the  Word  of  God,  Vol  1).     This  is  what  I  had  always  believed.  The  master  theologian  of  the  century  affirming   the  objective,  literal  reality  of  the  Virgin  birth  and  the  bodily  resurrection  that  left   the  tomb  empty.     One  might  suspect  that  my  faith  journey  would  have  been  satisfied  with  this  brilliant   scholar  affirming  my  own  faith  understanding  from  childhood  through  long  years  of   education  and  orthodox  preaching.  Strangely  that  did  not  turn  out  to  be  the  case.  At   that  point  in  my  experience  it  was  no  longer  enough  to  say,  “The  Bible  says….”  I  was   © Grand Valley State University �Easter Reflection Richard A. Rhem Page 5   quite  surprised  myself  but  I  began  to  question  Barth’s  bold  claim  of  biblical  teaching   as  the  Word  of  God  not  to  be  questioned.     As  I  continued  my  study  I  was  guided  by  Berkhof  to  a  movement  of  young  scholars   who  had  been  the  students  of  Karl  Barth  and  Rudolf  Bultmann.  As  happens   repeatedly,  in  the  course  of  historical  development,  whether  in  religion  or  politics  or   the  broader  cultural  milieu,  there  is    action  and  reaction.  Questions  addressed  by   one  generation  leave  unanswered  questions  struggled  with  by  a  previous   generation.  I  came  to  realize  how  the  “climate  of  opinion”  of  a  period  has  much  to  do   with  the  issues  addressed  and  the  manner  of  that  address.  I  was  beginning  to  see   that  the  strong  reaction  of  Karl  Barth  to  nineteenth  century  liberalism  was  precisely   that  –  a  strong  reaction.       In  order  to  put  Barth’s  Neo-­‐Orthodox  movement  in  context,  we  need  to  understand   that  against  which  he  reacted.  In  the  compass  of  this  paper  it  is  not  possible  to  do   justice  to  the  whole  development  of  the  Age  of  Reason  or  the  Enlightenment.  It  is  a   period  beginning  in  the  seventeenth  century  but  usually  identified  with  the   eighteenth  century.  It  was  a  period  in  which  human  reason  was  understood  as  the   primary  source  for  ascertaining  truth  and  the  only  legitimate  court  of  appeal  for   authority.  The  dogmatic  structure  of  the  Christian  faith  based  on  divine  revelation   contained  in  the  Bible  was  called  in  question.  The  foundations  were  shaking.  The  old   supernaturalism  was  under  serious  threat.       Into  such  a  context  Frederich  Schleiermacher  (1768  –  1834)  was  born  and  into   which  he  emerged  as  a  leading  theological  voice  and  is  recognized  as  the  father  of   liberalism.  It  was  his  recognition  of  the  serious  intellectual  challenge  faced  by   Christian  theology  that  Schleiermacher  felt  compelled  to  find  another  foundation  for   religion.  The  intellectual  climate  of  opinion  was  allied  against  supernaturally   inspired  doctrines  and  was  moving  orthodox  Christian  theology  towards  the   periphery  of  intellectual  and  social  life.  Schleiermacher  sought  a  new  foundation  for   religion  in  human  experience,  in  an  innate  awareness  of  God.  He  found  the  ground  of   religion  in  human  feeling,  in  the  feeling  of  absolute  dependence.     For  Schleiermacher,  then,  and  ‘knowledge’  in  religion,  in  an  intellectual   sense,  could  only  be  a  reflection  upon  the  conscious  feelings  of  relationship   to  the  divine,  not  a  description  or  analysis  directly  of  the  divine  per  se  (but,  as   we  saw  in  Section  1,  pp.  36ff.,  neither  were  the  feelings  those  of  the  self  per   se,  in  isolation  from  what  is  other).  Schleiermacher  was  among  the  first  to   realize  that  theology  defeats  its  own  purpose  if  it  speaks  of  God  as  if  he  were   simply  another  ‘object’,  distinguished  from  other  ‘objects’  only  by  being   ‘greater’  and  ‘removed  from’  the  finite  world.  Such  a  ‘God’  is  less  than  the   truly  Infinite  One  present  in  and  to  the  whole  universe.  Such  a  view  of  God,   says  Schleiermacher,  ‘as  one  single  being  outside  of  the  world  and  behind  the   world  is  not  the  beginning  and  the  end  of  religion’.  True  religion  is  not  this  –   or  any  other  –  idea  but  ‘immediate  consciousness  of  the  Deity  as  he  is  found   © Grand Valley State University �Easter Reflection Richard A. Rhem Page 6   in  ourselves  and  in  the  world.’  It  is  the  immediate  consciousness  which  is  the   material  upon  which  theology  works  directly.  This  is  the  basic  tenet  of   Schleiermacher  which  has  drawn  the  later  neo-­‐orthodox  fire,  charging  that   he  has  substituted  human  feelings,  human  religiosity,  human  psychology  and   subjectivity  for  the  proper  subject-­‐matter  of  theology,  namely  God’s  divinity   and  purpose  as  self-­‐revealed  in  his  Word.  Again,  the  charge  must  be  set   against  the  evidence  that  Schleiermacher  was  interested  in  the  ‘emotions’   precisely  because  they  did    point  beyond  themselves  to  the  reality  which  had   stimulated  them.   (Keith  W.  Clements,  Freidrich  Schleiermacher,  Pioneer  of  Modern  Theology,  p.   44f)     There you have it – the “climate of opinion” that moved Schleiermacher to seek a new foundation for human religion because he saw the old foundation washing away – a foundation of revelational truth in the Bible and the dogmatic structure of Christian theology – and in quite another “climate of opinion” – a Europe in shambles post-World War I sensing the bankruptcy of nineteenth century liberalism ripe for “a Word from the Lord”!   As indicated above, Professor Berkhof pointed me to a circle of scholars, some the former students of Karl Barth, who were no longer satisfied, as I found I was not, with the denial of the Enlightenment challenge to the dogmatic claim of supernatural revelation in the Bible along with the refusal to investigate the historical roots of scripture. The critical study of scripture arose in the eighteenth century and became a significant discipline in the nineteenth century but Barth turned his back on it. But his students re-visited those questions. To claim God visited our historical scene but to refuse to seek verification for that “sojourn in the human” did not satisfy this movement of younger scholars.   The  reason  I  am  going  into  all  of  this  is  that  the  focus  of  this  investigation  of   historical  verification  was  Jesus’  resurrection.     Given  his  historical  context  –  his  moment  in  the  unfolding  of  the  human  story,  Karl   Barth  had  a  word  that  resonated  deeply  with  his  contemporaries.  But   Schleiermacher  had  not  imagined  a  crisis  of  Christian  faith  in  the  nineteenth   century.  Another  great  Christian  scholar  had  addressed  the  Christian  tradition  in   light  of  the  rise  of  historical  thinking  in  the  nineteenth  century.  Ernst  Troeltsch  did   major  work  in  addressing  the  question  of  the  historical  claims  of  Christian  faith  –   that  whole  discussion  I  cannot  go  into  here  except  to  underscore  my  point  that  real   questions  do  not  go  away  if  they  are  legitimate  questions.  After  the  Barthian   clearing  of  the  decks  of  such  questions  they  reappeared  because  they  were  real   questions.     The  young  scholar  that  spoke  to  me  was  Wolfhart  Pannenberg.  I  will  not  attempt  to   set  forth  his  theology  of  history  here.  It  is  complex  and  impressive.  In  sum,  he   © Grand Valley State University �Easter Reflection Richard A. Rhem Page 7   sought  to  give  historical  verification,  to  the  extent  that  is  possible,  for  the   resurrection  of  Jesus.  He  was  close  to  Barth  in  his  conclusion  but  only  after  placing   the  resurrection  in  a  full  historical  tradition.  It  was  on  such  theological  puzzles  that  I   was  beginning  to  write  when  I  left  Europe  and  took  up  my  ministry  once  again  in   Spring  Lake.     And  it  was  out  of  all  that  theological  wrestling  that  I  began  to  preach  and,  indeed,   preached  for  years.  But  I  had  not  arrived.  I  was  definitely  a  work  in  progress.  I  do   remember  early  on  in  my  preaching  and  teaching  saying,  “Give  me  Jesus  and  the   resurrection  and  all  else  is  negotiable.”  That  gave  me  a  message  for  those  years  of   my  return  to  preaching.     I  was  ready  for  the  third  quest  of  the  historical  Jesus.  I  haven’t  referred  to  the  Quest   of  the  Historical  Jesus  in  the  nineteenth  century  but  there  was  a  serious  address  of   this  matter  with  lives  of  Jesus  published,  each  trying  to  recover  the  historical  figure   in  his  context.  Without  filling  in  that  chapter  I  will  only  refer  to  what  is  sometimes   called  the  Third  Quest.  The  second  was  occurring  while  I  was  in  Europe  in  the  late   60’s  but  did  not  become  the  catalyst  for  a  major  movement.  But  in  1991  John   Dominic  Crossan  produced  a  serious  and  ambitious  study  entitled  The  Historical   Jesus  –  The  Life  of  a  Mediterranean  Jewish  Peasant.  That  subtitle  speaks  volumes  and   Crossan  delivers  on  the  subject.     In  1987  another  Jesus  scholar,  Marcus  Borg,  published  Jesus  –  A  New  Vision.  Again   the  subtitle  gives  the  clue  to  the  contents:  Spirit,  Culture  and  the  Life  of  Discipleship.   In  1994  he  published  Meeting  Jesus  Again  for  the  First  Time  which  became  widely   popular.  Crossan  could  not  believe  his  dense  scholarly  treatment  should  have   become  a  bestseller  which  was  also  the  case  with  Borg  whose  works  are  scholarly   but  carry  a  pastoral/spiritual  tone  along  with  the  research.  Both  scholars  were  part   of  a  group  called  the  Jesus  Seminar.  I  will  not  delineate  the  work  of  Crossan,  Borg   and  others  here  but  only  indicate  that  here  was  a  fresh  approach  in  our  time  to   locate  Jesus  in  his  social,  cultural,  political  context.  I  received  these  studies  with   great  profit.  On  the  basis  of  my  earlier  contention  that  there  is  in  any  historical   period  a  “climate  of  opinion”  I  would  add  that  that  is  also  the  case  in  our  individual   lives;  there  are  times  and  periods  when  our  heart  and  mind  are  open  to  movement,   when  we  sense  a  hunger,  a  yearning  for  something  more  as  we  encounter  the   vicissitudes  of  our  life  journey.  At  any  rate  this  was  true  in  my  case.     My  European  study  had  continued  to  ground  my  preaching.  In  the  years  following   my  return  to  the  Church  in  1971  I  kept  reading  and  reflecting  and  when  one  is   engaged  in  weekly  preaching  and  teaching,  constant  reading,  reflection  and  writing   are  demanded  of  one.  I  cannot  now  trace  precisely  how  my  focus  on  and   understanding  of  Jesus  developed  but  I  know  I  was  becoming  more  fascinated  by  the   life  of  Jesus  than  in  the  early  creedal  dogmatic  delineation  of  the  risen  Christ  of  faith.   In  my  file  I  have  a  sermon  of  April  15,  1984  entitled  “Jesus  You  are  Really   Something”.  The  gist  of  that  sermon  is  acknowledgment  that  to  that  point  in  my  life,   © Grand Valley State University �Easter Reflection Richard A. Rhem Page 8   my  spiritual  hero  was  Dietrich  Bonhoeffer  whose  following  of  the  way  of  Jesus  led   him  to  oppose  Hitler  and  National  Socialism,  for  which  he  paid  with  his  life  just   before  the  end  of  World  War  II  on  April  8,  1945,  at  the  prison  camp  at  Flossenburg.   April  15,  1984,  was  Palm  Sunday  and  my  text  was  from  Luke  19:41  –  “when  he   beheld  the  city,  he  wept  over  it.”     Looking  back  over  the  years  I  realize  something  was  at  work  in  me.  Jesus,  the  human   being,  was  coming  alive  for  me  in  the  context  of  his  historical  period.  Here  was  one   who  had  spoken  truth  to  power  and  for  that  reason  was  crucified.  As  Dominic   Crossan  declares,  at  the  communion  table  where  there  is  bread  symbolizing  body   and  cup  symbolizing  blood,  body  and  blood  are  separated  pointing  to  violent  death.   Jesus  did  not  die  of  old  age,  peacefully  in  his  bed.     Something  was  germinating  in  me  in  the  80’s  which  was  ready  to  spring  into  flower   in  the  90’s.  Scholars,  especially  Crossan  and  Borg,  put  Jesus  in  context  for  me  such   that  I  saw  the  heroism  of  Bonhoeffer  as  replicating  the  way  of  Jesus,  which  of  course   meant  that,  for  me,  Jesus  now  becomes  the  great  exemplar  of  human  life  before  the   face  of  God,  full  of  love  and  grace  and  compassion  with  the  courage  to  live  out  his   vision  faithfully.     Palm  Sundays  seem  to  be  critical  points  in  my  own  development.  It  was  April  4,   1993,  Palm  Sunday,  that  my  sermon  was  entitled  “Jesus  Died  Because  of  Our  Sins,   Not  For  Them”.  Not  surprisingly,  the  text  was  Luke’s  Palm  Sunday  account  –  once   again,  Jesus  weeping  over  Jerusalem.  This  was  a  radical  claim.  I  was  transforming   the  cross  of  Jesus  from  a  place  of  atonement  where  Jesus’  death  was  a  bearing  of  the   sin  of  the  world  to  procure  salvation  for  the  world  to  a  place  of  crucifixion  where  the   political  and  religious  establishment  powers  were  killing  one  who  became  a  threat   to  law  and  order,  one  who  in  the  best  prophetic  tradition  of  Israel  spoke  his  truth,   his  vision  of  the  Kingdom  of  God.     This  Jesus  moved  me  deeply.  It  was  this  Jesus  I  wanted  to  emulate.  It  was  this  Jesus  I   could  love  with  my  whole  being.  This  weeping  one,  this  bleeding  one.  This  one  who,   in  his  anguish  prayed,  “Father  forgive  them,  for  they  know  not  what  they  are  doing.”     This  Jesus  who  experienced  the  darkness  of  crushed  dreams,  feeling  abandoned,   crying,  “My  God,  why…?”     This  Jesus  who  finally  committed  his  cause,  himself,  to  God,  “Father,  into  Thy  hands  I   commit  my  spirit,”  entrusting  himself,  his  cause,  his  whole  being  to  God  whom  he   called  Father.     As  for  Frederich  Beuchner  with  whom  I  began,  whose  accusation  that  so  many   preachers  defuse  the  miracle  of  Easter  in  their  Easter  sermons,  I  can  only  say  I  don’t   really  know  about  an  empty  tomb  and  I  don’t  really  care  to  spend  time  and  energy   trying  to  prove  the  historicity  of  the  resurrection.  There  are  differing  accounts  of   © Grand Valley State University �Easter Reflection Richard A. Rhem Page 9   Easter  in  the  four  Gospels  and  Paul,  and  one  cannot  really  harmonize  them.  Volumes   have  been  written  on  this  biblical  puzzle  and  it  really  doesn’t  interest  me.  For  me  it   is  enough  to  believe  he  arose  into  the  Mystery  we  name  God  and  he  lives  because  he   continues  to  appear  to  those  whose  lives  are  transformed  in  that  encounter.     Perhaps  my  favorite  Easter  story  is  the  Emmaus  Road  encounter.  Jesus  overtakes   two  disciples  on  their  way  home  from  Jerusalem,  dejected  and  full  of  despair.  He   joins  them  on  the  way  but  they  do  not  recognize  him.  He  speaks  to  them  of  their   scriptures  and  when  they  reach  the  village  they  invite  him  to  join  them  in  their   home.  The  table  is  set  and  then  the  guest  becomes  the  host.  He  took  bread,  blessed   and  broke  it,  and  gave  it  to  them.  “Then  their  eyes  were  opened,  and  they  recognized   him;  and  he  vanished  from  their  sight.”  They  returned  to  Jerusalem,  found  the   disciples  and  others  gathered  declaring,  “The  Lord  has  risen  indeed…”  and  the  two   Emmaus  pilgrims  told  their  story,  telling  the  group  “how  he  had  been  made  known   to  them  in  the  breaking  of  the  bread.”     This  is  how  Crossan  describes  that  encounter  recorded  by  Luke:   The metaphoric condensation of the first years of early Christian thought and practice into one parabolic afternoon. Emmaeus never happened. Emmaeus always happens. (A Revolutionary Biography, p. 197) That,  Rev.  Beuchner,  is  the  best  I  can  do.  And  for  me  it  is  enough  for  He  lives  and   continues  to  be  the  agent  of  human  personal  and  social  transformation.  The  Lord  is   risen  indeed! References Karl Barth, Church Dogmatics, Vol.I.1: The Doctrine of the Word of God. John Dominic Crossan, Jesus: A Revolutionary Biography. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1994. John Dominic Crossan, The Historical Jesus: The Life of a Mediterranean Jewish Peasant. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1991. © Grand Valley State University � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richard A. Rhem Collection Description An account of the resource Text and sound recordings of the sermons, prayers, services, and articles of Richard Rhem, pastor emeritus of Christ Community Church in Spring Lake, Michigan, where he served for 37 years. Starting in the mid 1980's, Rhem began to question some of the traditional Christian dogma that he had been espousing from the pulpit. That questioning was a first step in a long and interesting spiritual journey, one that he openly shared with his congregation. His journey is important, in part because it is reflective of the questioning, the yearnings, and the gradual revision of beliefs that many persons in this part of the century have experienced and continue to experience. It is important also because of the affirming and inclusive way his questioning was done and his thinking evolved. His sermons and other written and spoken materials together document the steps in his journey as it took a turn in 1985, yet continued to revolve around the framework and liturgies of the Christian calendar. Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Religion Interfaith worship Sermons Sound Recordings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhem, Richard A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/514">Richard A. Rhem papers (KII-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kaufman Interfaith Institute Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Sound Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1981-2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource audio/mp3 text/pdf Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Event Eastertide Scripture Text Luke 24:13-35 Location The location of the interview Lakeshore Interfaith Center, Ganges Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context KII-01_RA-0-20090419 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009-04-19 Title A name given to the resource Easter Reflection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Richard A. Rhem Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Clergy--Michigan Reformed Church in America Christ Community Church (Spring Lake, Mich.) Sermons Relation A related resource Richard A. Rhem - An Archive of Sermons, Prayers, Talks and Stories: http://richardrhem.org/ Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Description An account of the resource A sermon given by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on April 19, 2009 entitled "Easter Reflection", on the occasion of Eastertide, at Lakeshore Interfaith Center, Ganges. Scripture references: Luke 24:13-35. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/61114a78a0fcdf174fe3bd2fa6d9e263.jpg 74c60c8f1242c1ce1355800874a14409 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_M118-0030 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-06/1972-08 Title A name given to the resource Eastgate Hotel and Restaurant, Oxford, England Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of an exterior street corner view of the Eastgate Hotel and Restaurant, located in Oxford, England. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Hotels--England--Oxford Restaurants--England--Oxford Oxford (England) Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1970s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/88276c4622463215f49cb6e642ad007e.jpg 295e4eed8bef9ce586def41d8b60e860 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Decorated Publishers' Bindings Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Description An account of the resource From the early 1870s to roughly 1930, many publishers issued their commercial book covers with a remarkable variety of graphic designs and illustrations. This sixty-year period saw many artists and designers contributing to this art form. While some can be identified from their style or initials, others remain unknown. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Michigan Novels Collection Regional Historical Collection Lincoln and the Civil War Collection Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-08-30 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a>, <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Source Seidman Rare Books. PS1054.B3 E24 1907 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-01_Bindings0426 Title A name given to the resource Eben Holden's Last Day A-Fishing Description An account of the resource Binding of Eben Holden's Last Day A-Fishing, by Irving Bacheller, published by Harper and Brothers Publishers, 1907. Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Pictorial bindings Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1907 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0bf03618c2b09f8993c539e0873038b4.jpg 78d23afb99aeb146bb9720b5c2778fdd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_I142-0036 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-08-06 Title A name given to the resource Eberhard and Renate Bethge in Rangsdorf, Germany Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of German theologian and pastor, Eberhard Bethge, and his wife, Renate Bethge, as taken in Rangsdorf, Germany. Bethge was a close friend and later biographer of Dietrich Bonhoeffer, German theologian, pastor, and member of the German resistance. In the photograph, Bethge appears to be in an office library surrounded by books in the background. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Bethge, Eberhard, 1909-2000 Bethge, Renate Rangsdorf (Germany) Anti-Nazi movement--Germany Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/75284b5a0fe41621d46f65312d33c98d.jpg 2f5b0ca907bff78c9fa833b168223747 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_I141-0026 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-08-06 Title A name given to the resource Eberhard Bethge in Rangsdorf, Germany Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of German theologian and pastor, Eberhard Bethge, as taken in Rangsdorf, Germany. Bethge was a close friend and later biographer of Dietrich Bonhoeffer, German theologian, pastor, and member of the German resistance. In the photograph, Bethge appears to be in an office library and surrounded by books in the background. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Bethge, Eberhard, 1909-2000 Rangsdorf (Germany) Anti-Nazi movement--Germany Black-and-white photography Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5eebf62883058a8c576c42c707c4b81c.jpg e2ddb83722eeeb028f4ed9bd9219ddd1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1980s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000495 Title A name given to the resource Eberhard Center groundbreaking in downtown Grand Rapids Description An account of the resource Eberhard Center groundbreaking in downtown Grand Rapids. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Ground breaking ceremonies Facilities Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/408955436525f123acd1e603894c430e.jpg 9fcf1551251477b1d73457d4c5475590 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context EberhardLV_Photo01 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Eberhard, L. V. Description An account of the resource L. V. Eberhard, Supermarket entrepreneur and philanthropist, Grand Valley supporter Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b6d18d547616296a2d0b2839935857ce.jpg ae7b04ebcf06ecfb83bbbef869da1767 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context EberhardLV_Photo02 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Eberhard, L. V. Description An account of the resource L. V. Eberhard, Supermarket entrepreneur and philanthropist, Grand Valley supporter Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/cc18d9cde7511453d049473a91a90dc5.jpg e1c2bfa0af033dee55d846b8ad1eac5d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context EberhardLV_Photo03 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Eberhard, L. V. Description An account of the resource L. V. Eberhard, Supermarket entrepreneur and philanthropist, Grand Valley supporter Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/7cd25e6b6f9ca3586752499b5be41d14.jpg f6100536bd61ee9dc13543c8dca48721 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context EberhardLV_Photo04 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Eberhard, L. V. Description An account of the resource L. V. Eberhard, Supermarket entrepreneur and philanthropist, Grand Valley supporter Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5557cf4c7e0f0a2a873688e7c5a274e4.jpg ac5ab19d0e4412217c1e3e115fd58162 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_NE_46_1916_002 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1916-08-19 Title A name given to the resource Echo Lake Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a lake, Echo Lake, in front of mountains. A cottage is visible on the shore with a village behind the treelined. Subject The topic of the resource New Hamphsire Lakes Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/0f266a22ccaced0b0f17b79d6d02c468.mp4 7f29efbf3640b887945d65d27c0f2564 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/1b9d8ade96b01fa24b9fbd6511ac47bd.pdf 18fced3de2eb3e0476515d3c6031a081 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans History Project Interview World War II Don Eckman Length of interview (1:13:16) (0:00:00 – 0:08:11) Background      Born in Grand Rapids, Michigan on April 25, 1925 (0:00:10) Grew up outside of Lake Odessa (0:23:00) Grew up with grandmother, due to mother’s health problems (0:37:00) Grandmother lived in the country, on an 80 acre farm, this is where he grew up, and “learned to work” (0:58:00) Had a sister, three years younger (0:01:10) Schooling (0:01:16- 0:04:27)        Went to country school for 8 years, a mile away from his home, and he walked to school High School was 4 miles away, and he was bused to the school Grandmother’s only income was from the farm (0:02:03) Was in high school when Pearl Harbor happened, heard about it on the radio (0:02:57) Reaction to Pearl Harbor was “too young to really know what was going on” (03:22:24) Could have avoided going to war because of farming, which was a deferment (0:03:54) Lost interest in farming, and his friends enlisted in the armed forces, so he joined, too (0:04:27) (0:04:11 – 0:07:14) Enlistment       Enlisted in March 1944 (0:04:17) Went to Detroit for a physical, was signed up for the Army Air Force to do bookwork, however the draft board said he had to join the Army (0:04:45) After passing the physical, was sent the next day to Fort Sheridan, Illinois, and stayed for 2-3 days (0:05:00) After Illinois, traveled to Camp Blanding in Florida by train (0:05:14) Camp Blanding was located on the east side of the state, located near the town of Stark and Silver Springs (0:06:26) Describes a big camp, the residential places the troops stayed were 8-9 man huts (0:06:54) Basic Training (0:07:14- 0:11:09)   Basic training consisted of learning the basics of the army (0:07:19) Learned a lot of discipline, “learning to do what you were told, rather than doing what you think is right” (0:07:34) �          The things that disgusted him the most was getting the shots in the afternoon on Saturday, which would spoil the afternoon (0:07:46) Couldn’t leave camp for 3 or so weeks when you first got there (0:08:11) Physical training included marches, hikes, and obstacle courses, weightlifting logs (0:08:33) Most guys were older than Eckman, many were married (0:08:42) Basic training was 17 weeks (0:09:09) On the weekends was granted liberty (0:09:16) Trained for use of the rifle, pistols, carbines, hand grenade, bayonets, bazookas, and the .50 caliber machine gun (0:09:40) Was at Camp Blanding when D-Day happened (0:10:25) Finished basic training in August, went home for 1 or 2 weeks and then was sent to Camp Shanks, New York (0:10:42) Stayed there until he was ready to move overseas (0:11:10) (0:11:09- 0:54:35) Active Duty                       Traveled on a ship called the Ile de France, one of the largest French liners (0:11:36) Was a passenger in the bottom deck, on the highest bunk (0:12:09) Was not part of a convoy, they were by themselves (0:12:41) Landed in Glasgow, Scotland (0:13:04) Once in Glasgow, they were sent on trains to southern England (0:13:16) Ended up in Sunbury, England (0:13:21) Stayed there several weeks and was put through basic training (0:13:35) Company was divided, one half sent to London, the other half sent to France (0:14:25) Eckman’s company was sent to a replacement depot by open top trucks (0:14:40) Stayed at the depot 3-4 weeks (0:15:20) Assigned to 3rd Division, Company B of the 15th Infantry (0:15:27) Joined the company in the town of Nancy (0:15:53) The company was refurbishing rifles, repackaging ammunition, resupplied equipment (0:16:02) Not very many men joined the company, maybe 3-4 men (0:16:23) No one knew anything about infantry at the time (16:37:19) The company had probably 50-60 men (0:16:45) Was part of the 3rd Platoon, there were 12-15 men in that platoon (0:17:05) After a few days, he felt accepted and part of the group (0:17:50) Was in Nancy for a few days, they were headed to Strasbourg (0:18:16) Strasbourg was occupied by the Germans, and the Germans intended to use it for the winter (0:18:39) Saw first combat in Strasbourg. Entered Strasbourg at night, entered with tanks. The first thing he remembers hearing was machine guns (0:19:07) Company moved into Strasbourg as the Germans moved back, never went into the city of Strasbourg (0:21:09) �                         The Germans harassed the company with mortar and other fire from across the river where their encampment was (0:22:28) After Strasbourg, headed south through small towns (0:23:15) Their job was to chase the Germans out of the small towns (0:23:35) Came to a building that was full of women and children (0:24:49) Encountered many German infantrymen (0:25:12) Spent most of their nights sleeping outside (0:26:46) Sigelsheim was a town that put up the biggest resistance (0:27:27) Company attacked Sigelsheim the day before Christmas, lost a lot of men (0:27:43) Hit in the leg, after 2 weeks sent back to the unit, and joined the same platoon (0:30:41) His job was to walk point, which he maintained since began with the outfit (0:31:59) He learned his job through experience, and learning what to be ready for (0:32:16) He walked out of combat with his injury and was sent to a hospital in Nancy for 2 weeks (0:33:12) Was sent back to his unit and were sent to a town with a wall around it (0:33:48) Joined same platoon , new platoon leader named Lieutenant Murphy and was men were given guard duty (0:34:48) Lieutenant Murphy was very compassionate (0:35:57) Platoon moved towards Colmar, the fighting got more intense as the troops pushed the Germans further against the Rhine River (0:36:57) While serving as point man, came to an opening in a field, a German fired at him with a machine pistol, then Eckman fired at him, shot the German in the rear, and the German turned around and said to him “You shot me fair and square” (0:38:32) Encountered SS troops, who liked overcoats and watches (0:39:54) Eckman took a SS soldiers watch, Lieutenant Murphy made him give it back (0:40:15) Never picked up souvenirs as he moved through towns, didn’t want to get caught with anything (0:40:42) While based in France, saw civilians in towns (0:41:34) Civilians were friendly towards soldiers, but still scared (0:41:51) Speaks of the mission in Holzwehr for which Lieutenant Murphy won the Medal of Honor (0:43:00- 0:0:50:23) Stayed with unit, near Neuf Brisach (0:53:26) Was serving bazooka duty, with .35 caliber pistol and a bandolier of ammunition while struck by artillery or mortar (0:54:35) Discharge (0:54:35- 1:02:22)    Was sent to a hospital for a few days, then flew to England and stayed in a hospital for a few months until the first of May, then took a boat back to the United States, injury prevented him from doing any further combat (0:55:56) Heard that the Germans had surrendered while on the ship back to the U.S. (0:58:45) Stayed in Iowa for 2 weeks to take care of paperwork (0:59:58) (1:02:22 - 1:13:16) Post Service �       Came back to Michigan, returned to farming (1:02:22) Did not go to college, went to local high school for farm mechanics (1:02:40) Went to work for the post office as a rural mail carrier in Lake Odessa for 30 years (1:03:04) His “folks says he was a different person when he returned” (1:03:29) Learned to be a lot more independent (1:03:34) Did not hold any grudges, tried to get along with anyone, would not care to go through it again (1:03:55) Had one son, who was in the Air Force (1:04:19) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Eckman, Donald (Interview outline and video), 2011 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Eckman, Donald Description An account of the resource Don Eckman, of Lake Odessa, Michigan enlisted in the Army in March, 1944. He was in basic training in Florida at the time of D-Day, and shipped to Europe in the fall of 1944. He was assigned to the 15th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Division, at Nancy, France, and participated in fighting at Strasbourg and other places in Alsace, regularly walking point for his platoon. He was wounded twice in the space of several months, and was already on a ship heading for home when the Germans surrendered in May, 1945. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Michigan--History, Military Veterans Video recordings United States. Army World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011-09-21 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context EckmanD1256V Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project Collection, (RHC-27)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b74171dfc3c06f219e14800fb02fab84.jpg a9055c3fa4ed29269bc760b0d8ac3d9a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context EckstromJeff_Photo01 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Eckstrom, Jeff Description An account of the resource Jeff Eckstrom, Alumnus 1979 Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e167a5e19de4a5d24213273bbc92b2b6.jpg 20066189d7734f3e1bad7a31b6815fcf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context EckstromJeff_Photo02 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource Eckstrom, Jeff Description An account of the resource Jeff Eckstrom, Alumnus 1979 Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/c227342fe2d86becef287d7b1eb4b7dd.jpg 3bf892c26c8fd1587f63920fe7e138bf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_NE_61_1925_001 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925-01-24 Title A name given to the resource Eclipse Observers, Mancelona Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of four people standing in front of the Wisler Hotel. "Eclipse Observers, Mancelona, Jan. 24, 1925" is written on the bottom of the image. Subject The topic of the resource Mancelona (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f98888c049ed87839298655525c653c0.jpg 4194daf1382396ccdd4e798a121efd96 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_NE_61_1925_002 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925-01-24 Title A name given to the resource Eclipse Observers, Mancelona Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of six people standing in front of the Wisler Hotel. "Eclipse Observers, Mancelona, Jan. 24, 1925" is written on the bottom of the image. Subject The topic of the resource Mancelona (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9040aa795d936085c185103470ce44be.pdf bccd64b8f15fea6cfd42d83ba6f4777c PDF Text Text Economic Justice and Class Issues in the LGBT Movement This discussion will examine poverty issues in the LGBT community and the role that class issues play. As the LGBT movement assimilates into the mainstream, many LGBT poor and working c lass people are left behind by gay organizations that do not address poverty issues. The increasing corporatization of the LGBT movement requires examining the ways in which class privilege and corporate ties affect the work of community organizations as well as our community's cultural values. "'For more information. please visit wwwgvsu.edu/lgbtrc . If you need special accommodations please call 616.33 1.2530 FEBRUARY 24 // 1-3 PM// PERE MARQUETTE ROOM, KIRKHOF CENTER I lIH / ,i ZO-i-i GHA.ND VALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY OFFICE OF STUDENT LIFE @ GRANDVALLEY STATE UNIVERSITY LGBT R ESOURCE CENTER [iBl llQQj Approved � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource GVSU Sexuality and Gender Flyers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center Women and Gender Studies Department Women's Commission Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity Description An account of the resource Digitized posters, flyers, event notices, and other materials relating to gender expression and sexuality at Grand Valley State University, with materials spanning from 1974 to 2019. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974/2019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Digitized from collections at the Rainbow Resource Center (formerly the Milton E. Ford LGBT Resource Center), Women and Gender Studies Department, Women's Commission, and Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Gender identity Gender expression Sexual orientation Women's studies Queer theory Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-09_SGF_LGBTQ_2011_Economic-Justice-and-Class-Issues.pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011-02-24 Title A name given to the resource Economic Justice and Class Issues in the LGBT Movement Description An account of the resource Poster with a synopsis on the topic, and information of the event, including the place, time and date. Subject The topic of the resource Sexual minorities Community centers Social classes Corporatization Gay liberation movement Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Rainbow Resource Center Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Rainbow Resource Center https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/bc79cec9d36b8c39d9d262eb6272bfb0.pdf 848f5a7a4ae98f2fd836740edaa4eac1 PDF Text Text 1 ~ Economics in The Netherlands 1940 _ 1945 ( f/R-1.. r' 0 CCV f 11 ~rl..._, Its impact on our family. The two of us joined the National Youth Union ( Nationaal Jongeren Verbond) in 1932 upon the initiation of the West Friesland Chapter. At that time there were chapters in all parts of the Kingdom of The Netherlands with a combined membership of 1,500. These chapters formed a catalyst among loyal citizen groups on national holidays and attracted students with historical and patriotic lectures throughout the year. We felt at home because of the shared moral and patriotic high gro1.md. In those crucial years we worked with men and women, courageous , idealistic and dedicated to a degree at that time seldom seen in other youth groups. The group was preceded in 1927 by a youth organization which directed its efforts against the marxist propaganda for unilateral disarmament. The transformation to the National Youth Union under the honorary chairpersonship of her Royal Highness the Crown Princess Juliana came later. Besides the goal to strive for a strong national defense (Europe, so shortly after the carnage of World War I was beginning to come to a boil again) the organization came out strongly for the unity of our kingdom as it had existed for centuries in Europe, Asia and South America. Just before we married on April 18, 1939, the pre-mobilization command· was issued for specialist and strategic regiments. Total mobilization followed on August 29, 1939 .Recalling the often critical shortages during Netherlands' neutrality from war during 1914-1918, a distribution system of supplies was instituted in Se~tember. Ration cards were issued under the management of the Centraal Distributie Kantoor (Central Distribution office) in the Department of Commerce, Industry and Shipping • Allocation of food supplies was administered by the Department of Agriculture. With foresight the cabinet had stockpiled critical items such as wheat, vegetable oil, rice, gasoline, coffee and tea. After the capitulation to the German armed forces on May 14, 1940, our youth organization was the one which kept a steady course and participated on June 29th, 1940 in the national public celebration of Prince Bernhard's birthday. Everywhere people wore a white carnation ( Prince Bernhard's favorite) and at the Royal Palace in The Hague and at Royal monuments flowers piled up. Thousands signed the palace register of congratulation, which was later confiscated by the Nazi's. Orange buttons and bunting were featured everywhere • In our monthly "De Tram" (The drum) we encouraged people to stay loyal to the Queen and to ~ur fatherland and to ignore as much as possible the German presence. After June 29th, 2 members of our national board, van Santen and Schiebergen were arrested and our organization was accorded the high honor of becoming the first organization to be banned .We the members transfered to the first organization declared illegal by the invaders. This was the O.D. (order service) consisted of military personnel. From 1940 to August 1944 the daily ration for adults was about half of the pre-war consumption in terms of calories. In these four years the average ration amolm.ted to less than 1500 calories. This did not present a famine level, but did lea.d to progressive weakening of human energy and resistance to disease. O.£ At that time no refrirators or freezers were in use; mostly the temperate climate ranging from 20 to 70 Fahrenheit, did not make it necessary. So, thrown into war circumstances, your ability to stock up, besides financial considerations1was limited to non-perishables. So, we could stock home-canned foods, which were not popular outside farming communities. �2 Economics in The Netherlands 1940-1945 Its impact on our family. If r !lDRin-tlR ;;,,·c>l16L , ADfl..J/1111/l _IJ !~;'?fl{lf/t 1 , 1 11 DIV/lfdfi ' And then there was a psychological factor at work. That what was made available on ration cards, was purchased whether it was needttl or not that week or fortnight. A good example was the purchase of cigars, cigarett1_s and pipe tobacco. Non-smokers purchased what became available gave it i'o family members gr friends or used .ns,d;- it as barter or sold it at a higher price i/1v #..L. ,t.,C..c.-(. -n, ~e-'f. From September 1939 to May ,1940, when the occupation by enemy forces became a fact, only sugar and peas were rationed , although in adequate quantity and with reasonable frequency. What worked against the people was, that they had only begun of late to recover from the terrible depression of 1929 to 1938. And so clothing, household items, furniture and other basic necessities were already depleted ~ the start of the war • In the eight months ending December 1940, the German authorities added 22 rationed goods, affecting 70% of the average family's consumption. By November 1943, 95~ of the diet was rationed. After the disastrous failing of the British Airborne attack at Arnhem in September 1944, food rationing was decentralized and became a local responsibility. The size of the rations and its content depended on what was on hand locally. Further1 the German army closed off the western seab9ard provinces by a 20 miles long~cordon running from the Rhine river just west of Arnhem to the Zuiderzee. These provinces, the most heavily populated of the country suffered terribly. The order of Nazi govenor Seyss Inquart to embargo all shipments of food to the west of that cordon was a major factor for the starvation rations. In the west food rationing in October 1944 dropped to 1300 calories per person per week: in November to 950 calories; in December to 550; and in January 1945 to 340 calories. The north-eastern provinces: Groningen, Friesland, Drente and Overijssel managed to scrape by on 1300 calories per person per week from September 1944 to May 1945 • . ()t,,l,t., The h,mger reached us as well and weakened the health of,~ family. Infections were chronic. And then on November 9th 1944 (the birthday of father C.B.Termaat) .Jarm:ie had a premature birth at about 4½ months • Warned by our doctor Willem Verdonk who was in fear of her life, I came home that night out of hiding to be with her. Doctor Verdonk assisted us. It was a boy, so tiny in death, his features resembling those of Keith and M:Yte • But there was no time to lose , I had to be gone by d'awn • A box had to serve as coffin and with our prayers I carried him oupide and in the backyard I dug a grave • Then Jm:t!d:e and I said our goodb~S::1 and I left again for my hiding place, to continue the bitter struggle. ~ did not get _adequate food to regain her strength ; het mainstay was thin buttermilk porridge. A neigborlady_gave up some of her rations "you need it more than me-'' was all she said • Towards the end of December we decided that a visit had to be paid to Oma Schuurman' s relatives., still living on active farms to seek food • J&ir.flie~ s sister Lyda and I met the day after Christmas early in the morning on the road to Purmerend. One bicycle had no tires at all and the other tires were in bad shape. We had planned to go through the Schermer polder towards Purmerend , and from there to the ferry in Amsterdam harbor if! .it seemed safe. �J Economics in The Netherlands 1940-1945 Its impact on our family. ... 1"llfl.0W1V A little ways out of Alkmaar there was bad news : the Germans had flooded the polder to head off airborne attack. We rode the bicycles through the water as long as we could, but finally had to walk. With cold wet legs we reached Purmerend, and could then proceed along the canal towards Amsterdam • At the ferry we scanned for German uniforms and crossed safely. We chose to find our way through east Amsterdam, thus avoiding the center, which we knew was infested with the Nazi's. Reaching the outskirts we went the last few miles to Diemen where we took the country road to Over-Diemen. Just east of the Amsterdam-Rhine canal lay the farm of Oma Schuurman's brother, nestled along the Zuiderzee dike. We were cordially received; a warm meal was set and then butter, cheese and some bacon were given to take home. This was the family farm of the Hennipman's (Oma Schuurman's maiden name) Oma Schuurman born in 1889 and·Ju_-,.ie her oldest daughter born in 1916 were both born right thefrt, in the same room in the same bedstead. We took our leave and chose the road to the west to cross the canal on our way to Hoofddorp, south of Schiphol; Arriving at the canal we saw that the bridge we had anticipated was under construction. The pilings, the side railings and a one foot ledge existed on which the steel beams were to be laid for the roaddeck. But neither the beams nor the deck were there. There was no choice, we had to cross. I took one bike under rrry arm held onto the railing and walked over the ledge to the other side. ~-'• Fifteen feet below 1 the water with floating ice did look uninviting in ~ gathering dusk. Coming back I carried the second bike the same way, and then helped Lyda across. Again riding the biclycles we passed close to SchipholVwhere we encotmtered a heavy fog. Finding the main road to Hoofddorp was not easy, but we did find i t . Suddenly we heard a voice calling : 11 Wer da" , German for who goes • We heard the bolt of a rifle I, said nothing and speeded along the Middenweg till we reached the Roodenburg farm • Opa Schuurman' s eldeet sister was married to Jacob Roodenburg. Again the reception was cordial. They fed us and as it had become dark, we were invited to stay overnight. After breakfast we were given amply from what the farm produced: several bags of beans an:i peas • These too would go a long way to supplement the starvation diet on which we could not subsist. We thanked the Roodenburg's and took off, carefully watching out for enemy checkpoints and platoons of the "Landwacht" a particular vicious uniformed group of Dutch nazi's who roamed about roughing people up, sometimes arresting them, and confiscating what they had on them. We talked to people before proceeding in one direction or another We decided to return to Alkmaar by circling wide around Schiphol Airport in the direction of Velsen, where a ferry could bring us across the$ wide and deep canal which runs from Amsterdam harbor to the North Sea. Once across we would have a choice of roads leading towards Alkmaar. We made it safely across but shortly afterwards lost another tire. We managed to reach Limmen, a village several miles south of Alkmaar and as dusk was setting in over the unlit road, proceeded slowly with our precious load along the main road, On reaching Alkmaar we took the smaller side streets, which were ,<l{i so familiar to us and reached Oma's Schuurman's house just before curfew time �... 4 Economics in The Netherlands 1940 - 1945 Its impact on our family. ' I Because of Jarmie' s weakened condition • Oma. Schuurman took her and Keith and Nico in her apartment in Alkmaar in February 1945. after the house in Broek was closed; all our possessions had been gathered into one large room in Broek which we had then secured with a heavy lock. The remainder of the house was rented out to a refugee family • V J hJ v />/Ill£ rvrs Opa and Oma Termaatv'were helped by former soldiershwho were farmers , but by March 1945 they as well as everybody in Oma S-chuurman's house were again , .il reduced to a level of scarcity which begged for some supplement. ~ lf-,"rtif~wMm- ~Also by then captain Vels Heyn¥was in need of food for resistance fighters , already hidden in the city • " ; ., .,._~tJfl J. lt!ll.l-~ I walked one day along the back roads to the Langedijk where I knew a man by:il'd~:r,11 V Tll.AtltpoP.:r the name of Jonker , who operated a one manybusiness with a fla-t?'wagon with 'la · canvas sides and top. I found him willing to make the trip from Broek to Alkmaar. Several farmers I knew very well were willing to sell us onions, potatoes, huge carrots1 in better days used for horse fodder and cabbage at reasonable prices. I then ventured into the city of Alkmaar to a friend's house who was the district president of the Chamber of Coll'IDlerce. We discussed the problems I faced and what I had done so far to transport food • He was able to locate a dozen or so large sturdy crates at no cost as long as they were returned intact. So Jonker picked up the crates which filled his wagon and brought them to the village of Broek. There the crates were filled at various locations. When I had familiarized Jonker with the destination - the house of Opa and Oma Termaat, a day was chosen for the transport. Jonker. sitting on ~fibox gently guided his horse at a leasurely pace. ' I He managed to get into Alkmaar across thedcanal bridge for traffic t P~l..51111-i torqll eastern directions and unloaded the crates with our help into the small barn in the back of the elder Termaat's house. During the following days after dusk set in, but well before curfew, an orderly distribution was effected. For many it was a lifeline for the last 6 weeks of the occupation. No one tried to profit 'lll'lseemly from this operation. At the start of the war , no one knew what the future would bring nor how long the occupation would last. But one steely conviction we held liberation from this evil regime must come. It would later be said that the imperviousness of the Dutch people as a whole to Nazi contamination must be credited to the basic characteristics of its society rather than to external circumstances. Foremost was the fact that in Holland the family and the churches had not abdicated their character-shaping and opinion forming functions to the state and to political groupings • The primary family unit and the churches were comparatively inaccessible to the Nazi ideology and could not be made to conJ:orm/. llbl?.l/lt,/4-5 )( � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Adriana B. (Schuurman) Termaat, Peter N. Description An account of the resource Collection contains genealogical, personal, and family papers and photographs documenting the lives and interests of Adriana and Peter Termaat. The bulk of the materials are related to family history and genealogical research carried out by the Termaats, including research notes and materials about places in the Netherlands that were significant to the Termaat and Schuurman families, such as the city of Alkmaar. Other materials in the collection are related to the Termaats' experiences on the eve of and during the Second World War, especially the German occupation of the Netherlands and the Termaats' participation in organized resistance to the Nazis. Also included are materials that document the family's post-war life in the United States, including their public efforts to recognize, commemorate, and honor people and events significant to World War II. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1869 - 2012 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection, RHC-144</a> Subject The topic of the resource Netherlands Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 World War, 1939-1945 World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- Netherlands Dutch Dutch Americans Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Text Image Type The nature or genre of the resource application/pdf image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng nl Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-144_Termaat_WRI_Economics-1941-1945 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Termaat, Pieter Title A name given to the resource Economics in the Netherlands, 1940-1945: Its impact on our family Description An account of the resource Essay by Pieter Termaat describing the economic conditions in the Netherlands during the Nazi Occupation. Subject The topic of the resource Dutch World War, 1939-1945 -- Netherlands World War, 1939-1945--Occupied territories Netherlands--History--German occupation, 1940-1945 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/719">Adriana B. and Peter N. Termaat collection (RHC-144)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/32d79c059e422820dcf64db68521ec6f.mp4 c108c61816534db39c965266061e2b87 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d88a2d85851d629ec8392c7d4515c834.pdf 10699b0124215d6e2675f03ebd94fff1 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives RHC-88 Fei Hu Films Flying Tigers Interviews Interviewer: Frank Boring Interviewee: Edwin “Ed” Fobes Date of Interview: 05-29-1991 Transcriber: Frank Boring [TAPE 1] FRANK BORING: Begin with any kind of detail you want to give us as to what were you doing before you even joined the military? ED FOBES: Well, I was born and raised in Chicago. My dad passed away in 1935 – just a kid. My step mother and I never got along so I decided to join the army to get away. So I dropped out of high school, joined the 14th Cavalry – horse cavalry – at Fort Sheridan, Illinois. I served there for oh about sixteen months and young, adventurous, seeking it. I took a short discharge and reenlisted for the Philippine Islands. So in January of… (break) FRANK BORING: I’d like to find out what you were doing before you joined up with military? ED FOBES: Well, I was born and raised in Chicago. Went through the public school system there. My Dad died when I was not quite 18. I dropped out of high school and my stepmother and I never really got along so it was best I find something else, so I went down and I joined the U.S. Army and I was assigned to Troop B of the 14th Cavalry. Fort Sheridan, Illinois. This is the old horse cavalry days. B Troop was a show troop. I enjoyed the experience, being a big private all the way through. While I was there about 15 months later, 16 months later, I was seeking something different so I volunteered for infantry in the Philippine Islands. I was accepted 1 �for it. 1938, January, I sailed from Fort Slocum, New York, Brooklyn Army Base actually down thru the Panama Canal on the old USAT. Republic Army transport into Fort McDowell, California - Fort Mason. We transshipped there to the USAT Grant and out then to Hawaii, Guam and up into the Philippines. While in the Islands for a full two year tour I was mainly in the [?] capacity mostly as a company clerk or headquarters clerk in some category or for a while I ran the base library and was a Chaplain’s boy. My conduct wasn’t chaplain boy, but my job was. I left = there in - I did make PFC one time for a short period - came back in March, late February, early March of 1940 re-enlisted for permanent party there at Fort McDowell, Angel Island, subsequently transferred up to Army Air Corps at Hamilton Air Force Base - just down the road here, in fact it’s the first of five tours of duty I had at Hamilton over the years. I went in again to administration, company clerk, but the main reason I wanted to get some kind of training, so I put in for the first Tech School that came up and it was Teletype maintenance and insulation. So fine, they ship me back to Chanute Field, Illinois and I completed the tech course there - three or four months. Did pretty good, came back to Hamilton, my organization had no spot for a Teletype type - I was a buck sergeant by then, so they made me a supply sergeant. It fit right in with my military training at the Teletype. I’ve never touched one since the day I left tech school. It was a wasted training, but things worked that way in those days. I was hoping to make staff, I was a senior buck sergeant in the outfit, promotions came out and no soap, so I went in to talk to the old man and he said, well you’re not occupying your position where there’s a vacancy for a staff sergeant. I said well, that’s not my fault. He said well, I’m sorry. He says, I’ve got a job for you and I’m very with what you are doing, I think I’ll take you down to the BOQ and put you in charge of administration down at the Bachelors Officers Quarters. My squadron commander was also the Bachelor Officer Quarters officer. Well that didn’t sit very well with me cause I wanted to get married - make staff and get married and get my present wife out there, but it was frustrating. I wasn’t getting 2 �anywhere, sitting down at the BOQ every day, sure I ate like a king and I lived high - staying right at the BOQ but I couldn’t see any future. So scuttlebutt went around, rumors and they were recruiting people to go to China. Well, my ears perked up - it was one way to get out of there. I’d had two opportunities to go out as an acting first sergeant to two newly formed fighter squadrons and this lieutenant fought and turned it down, I couldn’t get away. So when this came up I went in, was interviewed, I think Aldsworth or Aldsworth was the interviewers name at the time and got accepted. President Roosevelt had authorized special discharges for any of us that signed up to go to China. So my orders came thru and I took them in and put them on the lieutenant’s desk and said well, this is it and I left. So I hung around San Rafael stayed with a couple of friends there until we reported down to the Belleview Hotel in San Francisco where they gathered the troops together, most of us were directed there and stayed there until the Jaegersfontein finally sailed. FRANK BORING: Could you tell us about what it was that the recruiter told you about what it was you were doing and what you could expect? And could you give us your reaction to that? What interested you to join at that point? ED FOBES: Well the interviewer talked to me, he didn’t go into much specific detail. I think he was, I don’t know whether it was security wise, or just what the motivation was, he just merely said they were going to form a couple of air corps type units in China to work with the Chinese and they needed help. They needed experienced people. I had, oh, almost, a little over six years’ service - five to six years’ service at the time - and I thought I was a pretty good administrator so I thought I could fill the job. FRANK BORING: Now, what did you know about China at this particular period, before you went over? What did you know about the situation in China? 3 �ED FOBES: Well, having served for two years in the Philippine Islands, I knew there were problems in the Far East. I knew China was having their problems with the Japanese and Manchuria and all these other areas - of course our basic infantry there - we were there to work with the Philippine Army to prevent any invasion or anything else and we all knew eventually or thought eventually it was going to happen. Our area actually was the Laguna De [?] and then the Laitai [?] Gulf and through there so I was fairly cognizant of what the situation was in the Far East. Whether that had any real bearing on my desire to go out there or not I don’t know. I was an adventurous young punk with loose ends and thought it would be something different, something to experience. FRANK BORING: What did you tell your future wife about what you were going to be doing? ED FOBES: Well, when I signed up I was a little frustrated, because as I said, I couldn’t get the promotion I wanted and also I, my present wife, girlfriend in those days wasn’t the best correspondent so I was a little bit honked off at that situation also, so I merely told her okay, you’re not coming out here, your folks won’t let you come out here and get married - I’m going to China. Period. I didn’t build it up or anything I went this is the situation - this is going to be my solution to it. So that’s another one of the reasons why I did sign up to go out to Central Aircraft Manufacturing Company , good old CAMCO Fort China. FRANK BORING: What was the process in getting out of the military? Was there any difficulty or was it easy to get out? ED FOBES: There was absolutely no problems in getting a discharge once you were accepted by CAMCO’s representatives because, Chennault, I mean Roosevelt had authorized a special discharge for any of us enlisted personnel at least in the army air corps that wanted to go out there and were acceptable to the organization. It was just a 4 �matter of routine paperwork and gave me a piece of paper that said hello - goodbye. FRANK BORING: If you could, describe to us your first encounter in SAN FRANCISCO with this group of guys that you were eventually going to go to China with. ED FOBES: Well, contracting there at the Belleview Hotel in San Francisco, there were oh, at least ten, twelve, maybe fifteen of us from Hamilton Field. All up there at about the same time reporting in within a day or two of each other. I did know one of the pilots quite well - Ray Hastey and Sergeant Louie Wyatt, a communications man was also from the same squadron I was a member of at Hamilton, so we just got around and started noticing each other and we didn’t really say are you or are you not? We sort of inferred we were going somewhere and the guys said oh, yeah we are too and that way we sort of acknowledged each other and got to know each other. FRANK BORING: Was there any sense of secrecy about this? Were you told to keep this quiet? ED FOBES: We were supposed to use a little subterfuge I would say. Uh, we weren’t supposed to come right out and tell anybody hey we’re going to China and work with the Chinese Air Force such as that. Uh, we were cautioned is about the only thing I could say - we just weren’t supposed to broadcast who we were or what we were going to be doing. FRANK BORING: When you applied for a passport to go to China, uh what, you didn’t go as a clerk administrator or people didn’t go as a pilot trainer. Do you recall what was the career or the job you were listed as? ED FOBES: You know, it’s strange, I never thought of that and I don’t recall what I was carried as, frankly, I don’t recall. Sorry. 5 �FRANK BORING: There was quite a few humorous ... do you recall any of the ones of the other guys? ED FOBES: Sorry, again I just can’t recall any of the - I know there were some - some of the guys joked about them, but you know it’s been a few years. A little hard to remember. FRANK BORING: One of them was a missionary and he actually got asked to do one of these church things. Uh, when you left from San Francisco can you give us an idea of what the boat trip was like? What was the boat and what was the actual travel like? ED FOBES: Well, when we sailed from San Francisco, we were aboard I think a Java East Indies Line, Jaegersfontein. It was a combination passenger freighter - I think about 100 - 125 of us aboard - our accommodations were excellent. The crew and everything that could be done for us - they were most helpful. We had good food good everything. It got awful monotonous, the roundabout way we had to sail and such as that and we got out to Honolulu and had a oh about a four or five hour shore leave then back aboard ship and out we went and sailing right down across the Pacific. I think the next time I saw land someone pointed out some land they said it was the Torres Straights. Just north of Australia. We did see once or twice ships on the horizon. I think they tried to avoid any of the normal passenger lanes not knowing what was going on or whether Japanese Intelligence had any information or knowledge of what we were doing or what we were going to be doing. At one time, we spotted - it was rumored to be a Dutch cruiser who was allegedly providing little escort at a distance, but we never had any confirmation of that. But life aboard ship was sort of humdrum, like any long sea trip. We played cards, we talked, there were books aboard to read. But there wasn’t a great deal to do. They did form a bridge tournament and I teamed up with one of the pilots, Charlie Mott who was subsequently shot down and prisoner of war and braggingly Charlie and I beat the troops. So immediately after 6 �that the ship’s captain and purser challenged Charlie and I to a bridge match. We had it up in the Captain’s cabin - we were happy to be up there and he was very liberal in his pouring of schnapps and anything else and we beat the pants off them too, so it was an interesting experience. FRANK BORING: Were there any particular incidents on board that stick out in your mind whether it was involving people or the other passengers that were on board? Were there interactions between them - the two groups? ED FOBES: We were the only ones aboard. There were to the best of my knowledge, only our people were aboard and of course, we were all military, military background, military service people so we sort of ... the ex-enlisted people sort of hibernated together and the officers stayed pretty well in their group. It wasn’t a delineating line that we had or anything but just a custom of the service. FRANK BORING: What did you - you arrived in Rangoon, eventually. Can you describe to us your first impressions of arriving in Rangoon and what happened after that? ED FOBES: Well, when the Jaegersfontein pulled into Rangoon, uh we didn’t know what to expect or what was going to happen of course. We’d heard of the beauty of the Orient and the beautiful [?] and things there. I think everyone of us really remembered uh, [?] Speaks and Rudyard Kipling - On the Road to Mandalay - and we figured eventually we were going to see Mandalay if we were going up to China. They had a reception committee, you might say, a few people there to welcome us and hustle us immediately on to buses or trucks to get us out of Rangoon and any publicity. So up to Toungoo we went. Now, we didn’t know Toungoo from the man in the moon but it had been a former British Air Force, air core training base and it had been adapted for our personnel. 7 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Flying Tigers Interviews and Films Subject The topic of the resource Oral history United States--History, Military China--History, Military Veterans China. Kong jun. American Volunteer Group World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, Chinese World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Description An account of the resource Collection contains original 1940s films and interviews conducted in the 1990s, documenting the history of the American Volunteer Group (AVG) "Flying Tigers." The Flying Tigers were organized by the United States to aid China during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Original filmstrips were recorded by AVG crewmen Joe Gasdick and Chuck Misenheimer, as well as Chinese Air Force Interpreter P.Y. Shu, who was assigned to assist Col. Claire Chennault as he trained Chinese pilots and established the AVG. Interviews with members of the American Volunteer Group (AVG) “Flying Tigers” were conducted by Frank Boring for the documentary film Fei Hu: The Story of the Flying Tigers, which he co-produced with Frank Christopher under the production company Fei Hu Films. The AVG Flying Tigers were a group of American aviators, mechanics, medical and administrative military personnel, led by Col. Claire Chennault to assist the Chinese Air Force in their defense against Japanese air strikes from 1941-1942. The AVG Flying Tigers also flew in defense of the Burma Road, a major Chinese military supply route. The group disbanded and returned to regular U.S. military service after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Boring, Frank Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/540">Fei Hu Films Research and Production Files (RHC-88)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1938/1991 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Fei Hu Films Christopher, Frank Gasdick, Joseph Misenheimer, Charles V. P.Y. Shu Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4; application/pdf Language A language of the resource English; Chinese Type The nature or genre of the resource video; text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-88 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1938-1945 World War II Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Moving Image A series of visual representations imparting an impression of motion when shown in succession. Examples include animations, movies, television programs, videos, zoetropes, or visual output from a simulation. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-88_Fobes_Ed_1991-05-29_v01 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Fobes, Edwin L. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1991-05-29 Title A name given to the resource Ed Fobes interview (video and transcript, 1 of 5), 1991 Description An account of the resource Interview of Ed "Sarge" Fobes by filmmaker Frank Boring for the documentary, Fei Hu: The Story of the Flying Tigers. Fobes served as AVG Headquarters Clerk. He was stationed in Rangoon and Toungoo, Burma and Loiwing and Kunming, China. In this tape, Fobes describes his upbringing in Chicago, Illinois before joing the military and how he was recruited to join the AVG in China. He also illustrates his experience traveling aboard the Jaegersfontein and his first impressions upon arrival in Rangoon. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Boring, Frank (interviewer) Christopher, Frank (director) Fei Hu Films Subject The topic of the resource Oral history United States--History, Military China--History, Military Veterans China. Kong jun. American Volunteer Group World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/540">Fei Hu Films research and production files (RHC-88)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng