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                    <text>Grand Valley State University
Veterans History Project
Newton Dilley
(1:38:32)
Disc One (1:00:00)
(00:17) Background Information
•
•
•
•
•

Newton was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan
He is 84 years old and graduated from high school in 1941
Newton Graduated from Yale Law School in 1950
He had attended college at Colgate for three months before Pearl Harbor was hit
He enlisted shortly after because he knew he would be drafted soon anyway

(4:30) Enlistment
•
•
•
•

Newton had been attending college in New York and enlisted in Syracuse in December of
1942 and he was able to complete the current semester in school
He had bad eyes so he could not join the Navy or the Air Corps
He was called to active duty in June of 1943 and went to Fort Custer in Battle Creek, MI
They were then sent to Camp Roberts in California

(7:10) Camp Roberts
•
•
•
•

This camp was near a very small town, but it was a nice camp with wooden barracks in
the dessert country
Newton was with different types of men from all over the country
Before enlisting, Newton had not paid much attention to the news of the war
The instructors that trained them did not have any combat experience

(12:45) Training
•
•

They trained hard every day in areas such as rifle training, field training, marksmanship,
compass work, overnight hikes, and mechanics
They worked with mortars, machine guns, ammo, and rifles

(14:30) Army Specialized Training Program (ASTP)
•
•

Many of the men in this program had some college education
The army had been short on engineers, so they were transferred to a different area to train
for engineering in ASTP

�•
•

Soon after the Army decided that they did have enough engineers and many of the men
were reassigned to infantry divisions all over the country
He was transferred to the 12th Armored division in Texas

(16:20) Texas
•
•
•
•
•
•

In June of 1944 Newton was assigned to the headquarters platoon of the 56th armored
infantry battalion of the 12th armored division
He trained with the reconnaissance platoon in areas of patrol, guides, kp, and many other
odd jobs
Newton worked with Jeeps, tanks, half-tracks, and scout cars
Many of the new guys were given the worst jobs in the reconnaissance platoon
Also people from college were given tough jobs
Newton trained until September 5th, 1944

(20:00) Overseas
•
•
•
•

They were shipped to the New York boarding area where there were three ships
They left for Europe on October 1st, 1944 on a converted passenger liner
They had to go through the typical “abandon ship training”
There were no bad incidents on the trip to Liverpool

(21:15) England
• They did some more training after they arrived in England
• They were living outside in tents and Newton got the flu
• It was freezing, wet, and damp
• He was in the hospital for one and a half weeks
• He asked to be discharged because his division was leaving soon for France and he did
not want to have to be a replacement in another division
• The men did not have much time off while in England
• They received technical advice and were trained to deal with Germans
• They trained with bazookas, anti-tank weapons, and with infantry training
(26:50) France, November 1944
• Parts of France were completely destroyed, but Paris had been liberated by the time they
had arrived
• Newton was assigned to General Patch’s 7th army
• They had landed in southern France and came up along the eastern border
• Newton joined them near Alsace where he had his first combat experience
(28:00) Alsace

�•
•
•
•
•
•
•

The battle was not very difficult or bloody at first
They were given easy objectives, which were to clean out the German resistance
He was involved in small engagements to gain experience
At night he stayed in a foxhole and got frost bite
The Germans had better weapons and clothing than the Americans
Many US soldiers stole clothing off German bodies, especially during the cold winter
months
Newton was not on the front line for a very long time

(34:20) Artillery Spotting
• Newton would be in an outpost with a radio to make sure that the shells were landing in
the correct area
(35:15) The Frontlines at Herlsheim
• Newton was on an outpost when one of their tanks was hit by mortar shell
• Altogether his division had 1700 lost, wounded, dead, or captured men in one week
• It was difficult to travel because there were canals and rivers all over the countryside
• The Germans had the overwhelming fire power of 88s
• The 17th infantry division had basically been destroyed in two days
• His division lost 29 tanks in one attack
(40:20) The German Nordwind Attack
• There was not a large German presence near the Rhine
• The Germans were contained by US soldiers
(42:00) OCS
• Newton had signed up for Officer Candidate School earlier in the US, but had forgotten
about it while in Europe
• In April of 1945 he was shipped to France for OCS and stayed there through June
• Newton was allowed one week leave to visit Paris
• He remembered the carnage and difficulty in overtaking German equipment and
personnel
• He saw many burned out tanks and dead horses
• It was hard to advance because there were so much abandoned German equipment, which
was mostly destroyed from US aircraft
(45:00) The Battle of the Bulge
• Newton was never involved in the combat of the Bulge, but he as in a supporting position
to the West

�• He crossed the Rhine through Germany in the Spring of 1945
• They were called the mystery division because they did not want the Germans to know
that the 12th had been added to Patton’s force
• Newton had once been driving along in a Jeep when he saw a German soldier peeking out
of a house
• He stopped and went up to the house all by himself to investigate
• The house had been full of German soldiers who had been waiting to surrender; many of
them were hungry and drunk
(51:20) The Last Few Weeks in Germany
• The German infantry had been hiding all over the countryside and they lost many US
soldiers
• Whoever had not gained 60 service points would soon be sent over to fight in the Pacific
(53:30) Alsace
• The civilians in France were very nice, but the weather was miserable and he had to sleep
in a potato bin to keep warm at night
• The civilians had been thrilled to be liberated
(55:50) Germans
• They had once caught a German who had shot and killed a well-liked officer and he was
later executed
• The civilians were cooperative, especially after they had crossed over the Rhine
• He had an overall good experience when dealing with German civilians
Disc Two (38:32)
(00:15) OCS Transfer
• They had been marching along constantly in Germany
• The school in Paris was full of soldiers from all nations
• The training was in the beautiful countryside, with about 100 men
• Roosevelt had died while he was in a replacement depot and he remembered that better
than when the Germans surrendered
(7:40) Roosevelt
• Newton thought he was a great president
• Newton is a very liberal person, while his family had been full of Republicans
(8:30) The 80th infantry division
• Newton finished in OCS in June, about five weeks after VE Day

�•
•

He was assigned to the 80th infantry division in southern Bavaria
He worked with the 80th for about 6 months and then went to Czechoslovakia to work
with trucking companies, which were made up mostly of black men
• Most of the armed services had been segregated then, although black units still had white
officers
• Newton worked on maintenance, transporting personnel and equipment
(14:30) The End of the War
• Newton only had 49 points and needed 60 to end his time in the service
• He did not get home until September of 1946
• Meanwhile he was part of the armored occupation for over a year
• He was later discharged in Camp Cook, Illinois
• Newton stayed in the reserves for 7 years until he was married in 1952
• He never got called to duty in Korea
(17:00) Back to School
• Newton only needed one more year of college to graduate and he was finished in 1947
• He then went on to Yale Law School, which had been full of veterans
• His overall experience in the service was positive and he met lots of great people and
learned a great deal

�</text>
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Boring, Frank</text>
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                    <text>Grand Valley State University
Veterans History Project
Newton Dilley
(1:38:32)
Disc One (1:00:00)
(00:17) Background Information
•
•
•
•
•

Newton was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan
He is 84 years old and graduated from high school in 1941
Newton Graduated from Yale Law School in 1950
He had attended college at Colgate for three months before Pearl Harbor was hit
He enlisted shortly after because he knew he would be drafted soon anyway

(4:30) Enlistment
•
•
•
•

Newton had been attending college in New York and enlisted in Syracuse in December of
1942 and he was able to complete the current semester in school
He had bad eyes so he could not join the Navy or the Air Corps
He was called to active duty in June of 1943 and went to Fort Custer in Battle Creek, MI
They were then sent to Camp Roberts in California

(7:10) Camp Roberts
•
•
•
•

This camp was near a very small town, but it was a nice camp with wooden barracks in
the dessert country
Newton was with different types of men from all over the country
Before enlisting, Newton had not paid much attention to the news of the war
The instructors that trained them did not have any combat experience

(12:45) Training
•
•

They trained hard every day in areas such as rifle training, field training, marksmanship,
compass work, overnight hikes, and mechanics
They worked with mortars, machine guns, ammo, and rifles

(14:30) Army Specialized Training Program (ASTP)
•
•

Many of the men in this program had some college education
The army had been short on engineers, so they were transferred to a different area to train
for engineering in ASTP

�•
•

Soon after the Army decided that they did have enough engineers and many of the men
were reassigned to infantry divisions all over the country
He was transferred to the 12th Armored division in Texas

(16:20) Texas
•
•
•
•
•
•

In June of 1944 Newton was assigned to the headquarters platoon of the 56th armored
infantry battalion of the 12th armored division
He trained with the reconnaissance platoon in areas of patrol, guides, kp, and many other
odd jobs
Newton worked with Jeeps, tanks, half-tracks, and scout cars
Many of the new guys were given the worst jobs in the reconnaissance platoon
Also people from college were given tough jobs
Newton trained until September 5th, 1944

(20:00) Overseas
•
•
•
•

They were shipped to the New York boarding area where there were three ships
They left for Europe on October 1st, 1944 on a converted passenger liner
They had to go through the typical “abandon ship training”
There were no bad incidents on the trip to Liverpool

(21:15) England
• They did some more training after they arrived in England
• They were living outside in tents and Newton got the flu
• It was freezing, wet, and damp
• He was in the hospital for one and a half weeks
• He asked to be discharged because his division was leaving soon for France and he did
not want to have to be a replacement in another division
• The men did not have much time off while in England
• They received technical advice and were trained to deal with Germans
• They trained with bazookas, anti-tank weapons, and with infantry training
(26:50) France, November 1944
• Parts of France were completely destroyed, but Paris had been liberated by the time they
had arrived
• Newton was assigned to General Patch’s 7th army
• They had landed in southern France and came up along the eastern border
• Newton joined them near Alsace where he had his first combat experience
(28:00) Alsace

�•
•
•
•
•
•
•

The battle was not very difficult or bloody at first
They were given easy objectives, which were to clean out the German resistance
He was involved in small engagements to gain experience
At night he stayed in a foxhole and got frost bite
The Germans had better weapons and clothing than the Americans
Many US soldiers stole clothing off German bodies, especially during the cold winter
months
Newton was not on the front line for a very long time

(34:20) Artillery Spotting
• Newton would be in an outpost with a radio to make sure that the shells were landing in
the correct area
(35:15) The Frontlines at Herlsheim
• Newton was on an outpost when one of their tanks was hit by mortar shell
• Altogether his division had 1700 lost, wounded, dead, or captured men in one week
• It was difficult to travel because there were canals and rivers all over the countryside
• The Germans had the overwhelming fire power of 88s
• The 17th infantry division had basically been destroyed in two days
• His division lost 29 tanks in one attack
(40:20) The German Nordwind Attack
• There was not a large German presence near the Rhine
• The Germans were contained by US soldiers
(42:00) OCS
• Newton had signed up for Officer Candidate School earlier in the US, but had forgotten
about it while in Europe
• In April of 1945 he was shipped to France for OCS and stayed there through June
• Newton was allowed one week leave to visit Paris
• He remembered the carnage and difficulty in overtaking German equipment and
personnel
• He saw many burned out tanks and dead horses
• It was hard to advance because there were so much abandoned German equipment, which
was mostly destroyed from US aircraft
(45:00) The Battle of the Bulge
• Newton was never involved in the combat of the Bulge, but he as in a supporting position
to the West

�• He crossed the Rhine through Germany in the Spring of 1945
• They were called the mystery division because they did not want the Germans to know
that the 12th had been added to Patton’s force
• Newton had once been driving along in a Jeep when he saw a German soldier peeking out
of a house
• He stopped and went up to the house all by himself to investigate
• The house had been full of German soldiers who had been waiting to surrender; many of
them were hungry and drunk
(51:20) The Last Few Weeks in Germany
• The German infantry had been hiding all over the countryside and they lost many US
soldiers
• Whoever had not gained 60 service points would soon be sent over to fight in the Pacific
(53:30) Alsace
• The civilians in France were very nice, but the weather was miserable and he had to sleep
in a potato bin to keep warm at night
• The civilians had been thrilled to be liberated
(55:50) Germans
• They had once caught a German who had shot and killed a well-liked officer and he was
later executed
• The civilians were cooperative, especially after they had crossed over the Rhine
• He had an overall good experience when dealing with German civilians
Disc Two (38:32)
(00:15) OCS Transfer
• They had been marching along constantly in Germany
• The school in Paris was full of soldiers from all nations
• The training was in the beautiful countryside, with about 100 men
• Roosevelt had died while he was in a replacement depot and he remembered that better
than when the Germans surrendered
(7:40) Roosevelt
• Newton thought he was a great president
• Newton is a very liberal person, while his family had been full of Republicans
(8:30) The 80th infantry division
• Newton finished in OCS in June, about five weeks after VE Day

�•
•

He was assigned to the 80th infantry division in southern Bavaria
He worked with the 80th for about 6 months and then went to Czechoslovakia to work
with trucking companies, which were made up mostly of black men
• Most of the armed services had been segregated then, although black units still had white
officers
• Newton worked on maintenance, transporting personnel and equipment
(14:30) The End of the War
• Newton only had 49 points and needed 60 to end his time in the service
• He did not get home until September of 1946
• Meanwhile he was part of the armored occupation for over a year
• He was later discharged in Camp Cook, Illinois
• Newton stayed in the reserves for 7 years until he was married in 1952
• He never got called to duty in Korea
(17:00) Back to School
• Newton only needed one more year of college to graduate and he was finished in 1947
• He then went on to Yale Law School, which had been full of veterans
• His overall experience in the service was positive and he met lots of great people and
learned a great deal

�Summary of Alva Newton Dilley Army Service Based Upon My Prior
Summary of Army Records, Dated 11/19/04 and the Summary of
Relevant Dates from the Book "Hellcats - the 12~ Armored Division
World War II" by John C. Ferguson, Prepared on 12/1/04

1.	

I enlisted in the Army Enlisted Reserve Corps (ERC) in
Syracuse while at Colgate on Dec. 12, 1942. I was 19 years
old.
I reported for Active Duty at Battle Creek, Ft. Custer,
MI, on June 9, 1943, and served as an enlisted man until June
15, 1945, when I was discharged upon graduation from Officer
Candidate School (CClS) in France, in order to receive an
appointment as a Second Lieutenant, on June 16, 1945.
I was
made a First Lieutenant on August 17, 1946, and was relieved
from Active Duty on September 24, 1946, at the age of 23.
I
then continued in the Army Reserve until finally discharged
from the Reserves on Dec. 19, 1952. I was 29 years old.
Accordingly, I actually served for slightly more than 10 years
(Dec., 1942 to Dec., 1952) of which my active service was from
June 9, 1943 until September 24, 1946, which would be 3 years
and 3 months.

2.	

After reporting for duty at Ft. Custer on June 9, 1943, I was
transferred by train to the Infantry Replacement Training
Center at Camp Roberts, California.
I have a certificate of
the completion of that 17 weeks of training, which gives the
dates of June 28 to October 23, 1943. Camp Roberts was located
approximately half way between Los Angeles and San Francisco
near a small town named Paso Robles.
I don't know if the camp
still exists.

3.	

I was then transferred to Santa Rosa, California at the end of
October, 1943 for the purpose of being assigned to the Army
Specialized Training Program. (ASTP).
There is a telegram in
the file I sent to Mother and Dad, dated 11/20/43 from Santa
Rosa saying I had been accepted in ASTP for a 21 month
engineering course.
I have an order, dated January 28, 1944,
ordering me to New Mexico College of Agricultural &amp; Mining
Arts at Las Cruces. I have no further documentation regarding
my time in ASTP but the reverse side of my 1\ Separation
Qualification Recor~' says that I attended New Mexico A&amp;M for
a period of six weeks, at which time the Army disbanded ASTP
and all of us were assigned to various Army units throughout
the country.
These assignments were strictly by chance, with
no
particular
rhyme
or
reason
and
I,
together
with
approximately 20 or 30 classmates, was assigned to the 12 t h
Armored Division, which was then stationed at Abilene, TX.

"......	

�4.	

I arrived in Abilene, in March, 1944, to join the 12 t h Armored
Division and was assigned to the Reconnaissance Platoon of
Headquarters Company of the 56 t h Armored Infantry Battalion
(AlB).
The only order I have during my training in Texas is
an order dated September 4, 1944 awarding me the Expert
Infantry Badge.
I was in training, in preparation for going
overseas, from March to September, 1944.

5.	

On September 5, the Division boarded the Atchison, Topeka &amp;
Santa Fe Railroad at View, Texas and arrived at Camp Shanks,
New York, which was a staging area for embarkation.
A week
later, we were transferred by ferry across the Hudson to the
New York Port of Embarkation and the Division boarded three
ships for transfer to Europe.
I was on the SS Empress of
Australia.
We arrived October 1, 1944 at Liverpool, England
and were transferred from there by train to the Salisbury
Plain near Andover and assigned to Tidworth Barracks and lived
in a tent camp called Pennings Camp.
There is a reference in
my medical record to having influenza for which I was
hospitalized in England, and I remember requesting that I be
discharged from the hospital in order not to miss being with
the Division a few days later when it shipped out to France.
A few days after November 9, we arrived at LeHavre, France
aboard an LST (landing ship, tank) after crossing the channel.
We traveled a few miles inland and set up camp near Auffey.
On November 29, we were assigned "to the 7 t h Army under General
Patch and the Division saw its first action on December 5,
1944, near Kirrberg &amp; Weisslingen, France.
On December 10,
the Division attacked Rohrbach and captured Bettwiller on
December 12.

6.	

On December 16, 1944, the German Army launched the Battle of
the Bulge in the Ardennes Forest in Luxemberg &amp; Belgium. They
also launched Operation Nordwind in Alsace and established a
bridgehead across the Rhine at Gambsheim on January 5, 1945.
January 8, 1945 was the first attack on Herrlisheim. Tanks of
the 56 t h AlB were unable to cross the Zorn River and
encountered heavy resistance and casualties
around the
waterworks.
Several units of the 56 t h were isolated and
chopped up by German tanks and artillery and withdrew to
Rohrwiller.
On January 16, 1945, a second maj or attack on
Herrlisheim began and on the 17 t h the Germans destroyed or
captured 29 tanks, plus an additional 12 tanks that were
destroyed on the 16 t h •
On the 18 t h	, most of the 17 t h Armored
Infantry Battalion were either killed or captured. On January
19, 1945, the Division was relieved by the 36 t h Infantry
Division.
The 12 t h Armored lost 1,700 men killed, captured or

C'......	

�wounded and most of the 43 r d Tank Battalion and the 17 t h AlB
were wiped out.
7.

I have an order dated January 7, 1945 awarding me the Combat
Infantry Badge. On January 22, we were transferred to the 2 nd
French Corps of the 1 s t French Army for the purpose of clearing
the Colmar Pocket, an 850 square mile salient held by the
Germans on the French side of the Rhine south of Strasbourg.
The Colmar Pocket was cleared by Feb. 5 and we were then
withdrawn and went into reserve.
On March 10, 1945, the
Division was joined by 12 Platoons of black Infantry, which
were assigned to each of the 3 Infantry Battalions as Company
D. The Division was transferred to the 3 r d Army under General
Patton on March 17, 1945.
We moved northwest, crossing into
Luxemburg and entered Germany at Trier.
We became known as
the 'Mystery Division" in an effort to hide the movement of
the Division from the Germans.
The 56 t h AlB was the first
element of the Division to reach the Rhine.
Most of the
Division crossed the Rhine at Worms and moved toward Wurzburg.
We were reassigned to the 7 t h Army on March 24 and were at
Wurzburg around April 3. Although I have no documentation, I
estimate I left the Division to go to OCS somewhere around
Wurzburg.
I do recall having a short leave in Paris before
having to report to OCS at Fountinbleau.
My OCS Certificate
shows that I was in training there for my Commission from
April 20 to June 16, 1945.
I was awarded Expert Marksman
Recognition on May 4, 1945. The war in Europe ended on May 8,
1945, while I was in OCS.

8.

I was discharged on June 15, 1945 as an enlisted man for the
purpose of accepting an appointment and Commission as a Second
Lieutenant, Infantry, United States Army.
I received my
Commission on June 16 and on that date I have an order
assigning me to the 2 n d Reinforcement Depot for reassignment to
a new unit.
On July 23, 1945, I was assigned to the 319 t h
Infantry Regiment of the 80 t h Infantry Division, and was
assigned to Headquarters Company of the 1s t Battalion. At this
point, all Army personnel in Europe was divided up on the
basis of a 'point system' called 'Adjusted Service Ratinif' to
determine who would stay in Europe on occupation duty and who
would be sent to the Pacific to continue the war against
Japan.
Based upon the schedule, I had 49 points, which
qualified me for reassignment to the Far East. An August 14,
1945 letter from the 56 t h AlB of the 12 t h Armored Division
shows that I was entitled to Bronze Service Stars for the
'Rhineland" and 'Central Europe" campaigns.
While serving

"....

�wi th the 80 t h Infantry Division, I was stationed in Southern
Germany (Bavaria) and Chekoslovakia.
9.	

October 5, 1945, I was transferred from the 80 t h Infantry
Division to the 467 t h Quartermaster Group and assigned to the
3600 Quartermaster Truck Company on October 8, 1945.
From
that date, until the end of August, 1946, I served with
various Quartermaster Trucking Companies, including the 3357 t h
Quartermaster Truck Company and the 3718 Quartermaster Truck
Company.
I was stationed at various locations in Germany with
the Trucking Companies.

10.	 My 'Certificate of Service" shows I left Europe on August 1,
1946,	 but there is a letter in the file to Senator Vandenberg
(obviously as a result of my father's inquiry) advising him
that I left Europe on July 31, 1946.
I arrived at Camp
Kilmer, New Jersey, on August 12, 1946, and on August 17, I
was granted leave to go home,
was appointed a
First
Lieutenant, Infantry, and was also appointed to the Officer
Reserve Corps.
I was relieved from active duty on September
24, 1946 and continued thereafter as a member of the Officer
Reserve Corps, being finally discharged from the Reserve Corps
on December 19, 1952.
Ann and I were married on February 16,
1952.
11.	 My various Army records show that I received the
'decoration, service medals and citations" .

following

2 Bronze Battle Stars for the Rhineland and Central Europe
Campaigns
American Theater Ribbon
EAME Theater Ribbon (not sure exactly what these letters stand
for	 but I believe it is the European Theater)
3 Overseas Service Bars
Victory Medal
Expert, Ml Rifle
Second Class Gunner, Machine Gun (MG)
Combat Infantry Badge
Good Conduct Medal
Expert Infantry Badge
Expert Marksman Received at OCS

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Boring, Frank</text>
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                    <text>Grand Valley State University
Veterans' History Project
Joseph DiLorenzo
Vietnam War
1 hour 36 minutes 27 seconds
(00:00:40) Early Life
-Born in Grand Rapids, Michigan on September 3, 1948
-Grew up in Grand Rapids
-Graduated from Kelloggsville High School
-Took some classes at Grand Rapids Junior College (now Community College)
-Worked at Steketee's Department Store
-Graduated from high school in June 1966
(00:01:11) Enlisting in the Air Force &amp; Vietnam War
-Given a deferment while he attended college
-After he left college he knew he would get drafted
-Decided to talk to recruiters in Grand Rapids in February 1967
-Friend wanted to enlist in the Army, but that didn't appeal to Joseph
-He talked to an Air Force recruiter
-Took some tests and decided to enlist in the Air Force
-Had seen some news about the Vietnam War
-Didn't bother him too much though, he focused more on just enjoying life as a young man
-Didn't know what he wanted to do with his life
-Left college in January 1967 and enjoyed working at Steketee's
-Many young men at college were concerned about their draft status
-Joe was unconcerned because he thought the government wouldn't know his college status
-Felt that being in the Air Force would be a safer bet than being an infantryman in the Army
-Father had served in the Army during World War II
-Served in the European Theater
-Talked about his experiences
-Felt that that prepared him for his own service in the Air Force
-Father was neutral about Joe's decision to enlist, but his mother asserted he wouldn't go through with it
-That only made him want to enlist more just to prove her wrong
-Also wanted to be away from home because his mother was a strict woman
-Signed the paperwork in April 1967
-In May 1967 he received a call telling him he could report in July, August, or November
-He chose August 2, 1967 as his report date
-Showed his mother that he was true to his word about enlisting in the Air Force
-On July 1, 1967 he received his draft notice
-Recruiter told him to throw it away and not worry about it
(00:07:34) Basic Training
-Sent to Lackland Air Force Base near San Antonio, Texas for basic training
-Six weeks
-No longer an individual
-After the first day of basic training he wondered why he enlisted
-Basic training was a growing up experience for him
-Focused on team-building and learning to support each other
-Did drills and went on runs

�-Remembers one man that couldn't run a half mile without being exhausted
-Joe and another recruit supported the man while they ran
-First day of basic training consisted of getting his head shaved and getting various assignments
-Assigned to a barracks and assigned to a Training Instructor (TI)
-Handed over his personal belongings for storage and he was issued a uniform
-First couple of days consisted of being broken down and taught to fear anyone with rank
-T.I.s had served in Vietnam, many had been in the Air Force for 20 years, and were sergeants
-Screamed at you if you didn't show them enough respect
-All it took was one time for that to happen to Joe for him to respect his TI
-Everything was always done fast
-Remembers being woken up in the middle of the night and ordered out of bed
-T.I.s came in and messed up everyone's beds
-They were given two minutes to put everything back together
-Always had to make sure his boots were polished, otherwise he would be denied leave
-First two weeks of basic training you couldn't have any cigarettes
-Some men that thought they could handle it, couldn't
-Some men washed out and had to be picked up by their parents
-Knew he was immature and wanted to prove himself to his family, friends, and himself
-Had been drawn to military service since he was a boy and wanted to know his capabilities
-Recruits emotionally supported other recruits
-Basic training consisted of a lot of physical training
-Running obstacle courses and crawling through the mud
-Went on the rifle range and shot the outdated M1 Garand rifle (WWII vintage)
-A lot of classroom work
-Taught the chain of command, problem solving, health, finances, and first aid training
-Majority was more about making the recruits responsible adults
-At the end of basic training went through a graduation ceremony and got issued orders
-T.I.s also softened and treated the recruits like people and gave them advice
-Given leave and orders for either a technical school or a base
(00:17:02) Assignment to Barksdale Air Force Base
-After two weeks of leave he went to Barksdale Air Force Base near Shreveport, Louisiana
-Strategic Air Command base and very formal
-Excited to be assigned there
-As a SAC base it was a large Air Force base
-B-52 bombers, U-2 spy planes, KC-130 tankers, and the SR-71 recon plane landed there once
-Base also housed nuclear weapons
-He was assigned to the Security Police
-Guarding aircraft
-Two Man Policy
-Allowing two officers on an aircraft by themselves
-Had to check identification before anyone boarded an aircraft
-Security Police were tested to see if they paid close enough attention to IDs
-Heard stories about bomber crews sleeping under their B-52 during Cuban Missile Crisis
(00:19:52) Security Work at Barksdale AFB
-If you didn't stop an unauthorized person you could face imprisonment at Leavenworth
-Someone checked up on him every 15 minutes to see how he was doing
-Had a rifle and a whistle
-No problem guarding the tanker area
-Supervisor patrolled the area in a jeep and there was a guard post at the entry point

�-Assigned to the tanker area for six months
-Transferred to the bomber area
-Had Operational Readiness Inspections (ORI) once a year
-Simulated nuclear attack on the U.S., bomber crews had to be ready to fly
-Shut down the base and launched the bombers like they were going on a mission
-Failed the inspection if the base was not 100% prepared to go to war
-There were some boring days pulling security, but he enjoyed seeing the aircraft
-Could listen to a transistor radio while on guard duty to pass the time
-Work schedule:
-Three swing shifts (3:30 p.m. to Midnight)
-Three mids (Midnight to 7 a.m.)
-Three day shifts
-Two and a half days off
-Kept him busy
-Did drills with a fake intruder
-Had to stop them, search them, and then throw them in the back of a truck for detention
-Some of the security police did their job a little too well and hurt the volunteers
-Remembers some drunk airmen wandered into an area
-They were detained and sent to the base's jail
(00:25:54) Life at Barksdale AFB
-The barracks he lived in were at Bossier Air Base
-Nuclear weapons storage facility on site
-Lived in barracks built during World War II
-Got to move into new barracks six months after living in the old buildings
-Had good food in the Air Force
-Had a movie theater, a bowling alley, and a car mechanic on base
-Went off base a lot with his friends
-A lot of bars and bowling alleys in the area
-Formed a bowling team and competed against civilian teams
-Treated well by the community around the base
-Air Force provided non-military work for civilians and airmen spent money in the community
-Met a lot of friendly people at a local church
(00:29:21) Getting Married
-Had known his wife since they were both children
-Reconnected in high school and dated through high school
-After he completed basic training they started dating again
-Got married in 1969
-Given two weeks of leave
-Went on their honeymoon in Florida
-Moved into an off-base apartment near Barksdale AFB
-It was good having her live there with him
-Wife got a nursing job in Shreveport
-Lived in Louisiana from October 1969 to December 1969
(00:32:02) Orders for Vietnam
-Received his orders for Vietnam in December 1969
-Moved his wife back to Michigan in April 1970
-Had orders to report to San Antonio for pre-deployment training
-Given two weeks of leave before he would have to deploy
-Had hoped that he wouldn't get reassigned

�-Had spent 2 ½ years at Barksdale AFB before receiving orders for Vietnam
-Always knew it was a possibility that he would get reassigned
(00:33:27) Pre-Deployment Training
-Two other men from Barksdale received orders for Vietnam and reported to San Antonio with him
-Learned how to fire M16 rifle, M60 machine gun, M79 grenade launcher, .50 caliber machine gun
-Also worked with the XM174 automatic grenade launcher (fired 12 40mm grenades in 30 sec.)
-Did tactical training at night and learned how to guard a perimeter at night
-Had a mock-up helicopter site for training purposes
-Stood guard at night
Drill Instructors acted like the Viet Cong and tried to infiltrate the helicopter site
-Worked with night scopes
-Some men were mentally prepared to deploy while other were not
-Taught some of the Vietnamese language
-Shown footage of Viet Cong soldiers
-Instructors instilled in them a sense of fear
-They wanted you to be afraid, so you would be cautious, so you would get home alive
-Did well in training
-More mentally prepared than some of the other men
-He was not afraid of coming home in a body bag
-Would go to Vietnam, do his job, and come home
-Two weeks of training, seven days a week
-Still had a little down time though
-Good training and he enjoyed it
(00:38:48) Deployment to Vietnam
-After pre-deployment training he was given 1 ½ to 2 weeks of leave to be with his wife and family
-Filed paperwork
-Where to send paychecks if he was killed in action and he signed up for savings bonds
-He was slated for a one year tour
-Flew from Grand Rapids to Chicago to Seattle
-Remembers a businessman in Chicago bought him and other airmen drinks
-In Seattle there were protestors
-Threw eggs and dog feces at the soldiers
-Stayed in Seattle a couple hours
-Flew up to Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska to refuel
-From Alaska flew to Yokota Air Base, Japan and refueled there
-Left Japan and flew to Clark Field, Philippines
-Last stop before going on to Vietnam
(00:41:30) Arrival in Vietnam
-Landed at Cam Ranh Bay during the day
-Came in steep to avoid antiaircraft fire
-Beautiful beaches, blue sea, and lush foliage
-Couldn't believe there was a war
-When he stepped off the plane he remembers being hit by the heat and the sight of body bags
-Showed him that a war was indeed going on in this country
-While he was processing he ran into an old high school classmate
-Stayed in Cam Ranh Bay for a couple days
-Waiting for a flight to take him farther north
(00:43:42) Assignment to Phu Cat Air Base &amp; 12th Security Police Squadron
-Took a Fairchild C-123 to Qui Nhon along with Vietnamese civilians

�-C-7 Caribou from Qui Nhon to Phu Cat Air Base
-Beautiful base in the middle of nowhere
-Joined the 12th Security Police Squadron
-Guarding the base perimeter and the Cobra gunships
-Informed that he would pull 12 hour shifts from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m.
-Variety of assignments for base security
-Bunkers and guard towers
-Response Team and Security Alert Teams
-Had armored personnel carriers and V-100 armored amphibious vehicle
-.50 caliber machine gun, M60 machine gun, radio, M-16 rifles, grenades and launchers
-If there was a security breach you stopped the breach
-Held the line until reinforcements arrived
-When he got to the base he was essentially introduced to life in Vietnam
-Talked to the chaplain
-Instructed to take salt tablets
-Shown around the base
-Met with the company commander
-Assigned to a transit barracks, then a temporary barracks
(00:47:15) Racial Tension
-His first living quarters was filled with predominantly black airmen
-Sensed the racial tension
-Stayed in those living quarters for two or three weeks
-Moved to new living quarters that were predominantly white
-Black and white airmen voluntarily segregated
-Black airmen ignored white airmen in the living quarters
-Took care of each other while on guard duty regardless of race
-Had black superiors and there were no problems
-Lower ranking black airmen were more contentious than black officers
-Remembers one racially motivated incident at Phu Cat
-One white airman from Mississippi flew a Confederate flag, but he wasn't a racist
-Someone threw a Molotov cocktail on the top of the roof of the white living quarters
-Company commander called everyone out and told the men there would be an inspection
-Polished boots, neat uniforms, and no personal material hanging in the living quarters
-Never found out who threw the bomb
-Racial tension eased after that incident
(00:52:04) Guard Tower Duty
-His first regular assignment was on a guard tower outside of the base perimeter
-Volunteered for that duty
-Had a .50 cal machine gun, a night scope, two M60 machine guns, grenades, and flares
-Dropped off at the tower at night and got picked up in the morning
-Never had any enemy contact
-It was pitch black at night
-Night scope helped with that
-Guard tower was on a flat plain that extended for 150 to 200 yards and was at the base of a hill
-Protected the north/south runway
-Had an American mortar pit to the rear
-Mortar crew zeroed in on the tower
-If North Vietnamese or Viet Cong overran the tower it could be destroyed
-Voluntary assignment that was not randomly given to airmen

�-Out there by himself
-Tied equipment and rifle to a pulley and raised it to the top of the tower
-After that he climbed to the top of the tower
-Interesting being out there
-Six months of guard tower duty and he enjoyed it
(00:56:40) Downtime at Phu Cat
-There was a base theater with air conditioning for the men
-First movie they were shown was the Green Berets
-Went to the Non-commissioned Officers Club
-A lot of heavy drinking
-Played a lot of cards
-There was an Olympic-sized swimming pool
(00:57:24) Contact with Other Soldiers &amp; Progress of the War Pt. 1
-101st Airborne Division men came to Phu Cat for their R&amp;R
-Heard combat stories from the men
-Got to know some of them
-In 1970, “Vietnamization” led to a lack of supplies for men in the field
-Airmen traded supplies with infantrymen, because the infantrymen needed the supplies
-Had a pretty good idea of what was going on in the field
-Read the military newspaper, The Stars &amp; Stripes
-Wife sent him news articles about the Vietnam War
-Aware of what was going on all over Vietnam in terms of combat
-Fighter-bombers flew sorties out of Phu Cat Air Base into Cambodia and Laos
-For a while, Phu Cat was unlisted due to the secret bombing missions over Cambodia
(01:00:53) Contact with Civilians
-There was a village nearby named Phu Cat
-Villagers were friendly
-Civilians worked on the base
-Did laundry
-Nice people
-Problem was you couldn't tell where their loyalties lied
-Seemed glad, at least, to have an American presence in the area
-Airmen and soldiers gave some of their rations to civilians
-Remembers the civilians ate large rice bugs
-Offered one once, but he politely declined
-Forbidden to go off the base
(01:02:38) Prostitution &amp; Drug Use
-No problems with prostitution
-Tight restrictions due to concerns about sexually transmitted diseases
-Men didn't want to contract an STD and be considered unfit to go on R&amp;R
-Only substance-abuse problem was alcoholism
-Beer and whiskey were widely available
-One man was such an alcoholic that he could barely function most of the time
(01:05:08) Enemy Contact
-First rocket attack happened one morning around 6 a.m.
-He was coming off duty and heading back to base
-They were crossing the runway when he saw sparks in the distance
-122mm rockets being fired at the base
-Got out of the truck and got under it

�-Rockets never hit the runways because the North Vietnamese couldn't hit any targets
-During the second rocket attack the strikes were a little closer, but caused no damage
-Nobody took the rocket attacks seriously
-There weren't many rocket attacks during his tour in Vietnam
-Recon teams went out night
-Brought mines and a German Shepherd to alert them to an enemy presence
-Kept the North Vietnamese and the Viet Cong away
-Remembers three separate rocket attacks and none of them caused any memorable damage
-There were some enemy attempts to breach the perimeter
-He was part of the Security Alert Team by then
-He drove one of the armored vehicles and manned the grenade launchers
-One one occasion they pulled up to a tower to relieve the tower guard
-Heard bullets zipping past his head
-The men grabbed their weapons, returned fire, and alerted the base
-Forces on the north perimeter concentrated their fire on the enemy position
-Didn't think about being shot at, thought about getting his uniform duty
-Sent out a patrol to search the area for an enemy force
-Found nothing, not even traces of an enemy force
-At sunrise the Viet Cong always scattered
-There were two times when he got shot at
-Called to a perimeter bunker because an airman saw movement beyond the perimeter
-There was nothing out there
-Went down the line to give the guards coffee
-Guard at the original bunker called the Security Alert Team back because he saw movement
-Heard bullets pinging off of metal
-Parked the armored vehicle at an angle to provide cover and return fire
-Had mortar support
-The next morning they found nothing
(01:14:15) Security Alert Team Duty
-During the second half of his tour he volunteered be on the mobile Security Alert Team
-Responded to a breach in the perimeter and held off enemy until reinforcements arrived
-Visited every post at night
-Drove without the vehicle lights on
-Had to know the perimeter and the posts well
-Made sure the guards were awake
-Did test firing of weapons along the perimeter
-Making sure the weapons fired properly, but also kept away enemy troops
-Protecting American lives and American property
(01:16:20) Contact with Other Soldiers &amp; Progress of the War Pt. 2
-Had contact with mechanics and a lot of contact with infantrymen at Phu Cat on R&amp;R
-Infantrymen didn't talk a lot
-Too exhausted to talk to anyone
-They had been on the DMZ and in the jungle near the Laotian border
-101st Airborne Division saw a lot of action during 1970
-Major campaign and defeat at Firebase Ripcord in 1970
(01:18:22) Leadership &amp; Relationship with Fellow Airmen
-New officers listened to enlisted men that had in-country experience
-Casual relationship between the officers and enlisted men
-Made the enlisted men respect the officers more

�(01:19:34) Contact with Home
-Wrote constantly to his wife
-Took a while to receive letters from home
-Made calls home via satellites
-Delay between calls
(01:20:06) R&amp;R in Hawaii
-In February 1971 he went to Hawaii for R&amp;R
-Got to see his wife and his parents
-Father didn't ask about experiences in Vietnam
-Wife asked a little about his experiences
-Hard to get on a plane headed back to Vietnam
-Knew he would be out in June 1971
(01:21:06) End of Tour Pt. 1
-More cautious near the end of his tour
-Determined that he would get home alive and intact
-The last couple months in Vietnam passed more slowly than his first months in Vietnam
(01:21:41) Reflections on Service Pt. 1
-Life changing experience
-Kind of emotionally prepared for service after hearing his father's stories
-Saw some action, but has tremendous respect for infantrymen
-Feels that he did his job and did it well
-Wouldn't want his sons to have to go through war
-Believes the Vietnam War set the tone of warfare for the rest of the 20th century and the 21st century
-Glad that he served his country
(01:24:13) End of Tour Pt. 2 &amp; Coming Home
-Stayed at Phu Cat Air Base for his entire tour save for R&amp;R
-Got to see Da Nang when he was en route to Hawaii
-Given orders to go home one week earlier than he originally planned
-Relieved from duty and got his travel paperwork in order
-Flew out of Cam Ranh Bay
-Spent two and a half days there
-Incredibly cautious and on edge because he had no weapon
-Minor rocket attacks
-Dead silent when they took off from Vietnam
-He had expected the men to cheer
-Stopped in the Philippines
-Landed in Seattle in the late afternoon
-There were still protestors, but he and the other men ignored them
-Went into the terminal to get out-processed
-No protestors in the airport
-Flew back to Grand Rapids in uniforms
-Proud that he served his country and unafraid to show it
-Felt the protestors had the right to protest as long as they didn't get violent
-Felt we should have done more to win the war, but popular opinion was against the war
-Experienced more direct antagonism from civilians before he went to Vietnam
-On a flight home from Barksdale AFB a woman refused to sit next to him
-Landed at Grand Rapids and there were no protests
-Wife and parents greeted him
-Father set up a banner at their house that read, “Welcome home Joe!”

�-No protestors in the airport at Grand Rapids or in the city
(01:30:50) End of Service Pt. 1
-Done with enlistment in the Air Force by time he got back to Grand Rapids
-Discharged while he was in Seattle
(01:31:00) Life after the War Pt. 1
-Got an apartment in downtown Grand Rapids on Wealthy and Fuller
-Remembers a car backfiring at night
-He unconsciously jumped out of bed and grabbed his pistol before he woke up
-Only incident that ever happened after he got home from the war
-Didn't talk about his time in Vietnam, mostly because no one really asked him about his time
-Friends asked him generic questions about his service and the war, but nothing probing
(01:32:59) Reflections on Service Pt. 2
-Glad that he served his country, no matter what
-After he got home he learned that two high school classmates had been killed in action
-Deeply affected him
(01:33:30) End of Service Pt. 2
-Air Force wanted him to reenlist
-Offered a bonus and his choice of base in the United States
-Wife didn't want to be a military wife and he wanted to start a family
-Had he been single he probably would have reenlisted
-He explained his reasoning next to reenlist and the officer understood perfectly
(01:35:03) Life after the War Pt. 2
-GI Bill went into effect, so he returned to Grand Rapids Junior College
-Had a son
-Went to school full time and worked at his wife's uncle's bar
-Got a job with Witmark Catalog Showrooms
-Worked for them for 25 years
-Graduated from Grand Rapids Junior College with an associate's degree

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                  <text>Smither, James&#13;
Boring, Frank</text>
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                  <text>&lt;a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455"&gt;Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Joseph DiLorenzo was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan on September 3, 1948. He enlisted in the Air Force in April 1967 and reported for basic training on August 2, 1967. He received his basic training at Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, and for two and a half years was stationed at Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana guarding B-52 bombers and KC-130 tankers. In December 1969 he received orders for Vietnam and in the spring of 1970 he was deployed to Vietnam. He was stationed at Phu Cat Air Base with the 12th Security Police Squadron. For the first six months of his tour he stood guard in a tower outside of the base's perimeter, and for the second six months he was part of a mobile Security Alert Team patrolling the base's perimeter and dealing with any security breaches. At the end of his tour he returned to the United States and was discharged in Seattle, Washington. </text>
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In Lincoln Park
Interviewee: Dimas Rodríguez Flores
Interviewers: José “Cha-Cha” Jiménez
Location: Grand Valley State University Special Collections
Date: 6/21/2012

Biography and Description
Dimas Rodríguez Flores grew up since the 1930s in Barrio San Salvador of Caguas, Puerto Rico and
continues to live there in the Lao Frío side of the barrio. He is a twin brother with Encarnación Rodríguez
Flores who lives in Barrio Espino on the other side of Monte Peluche, a tall mountain peak that never
has snow on it and is visible to all of of San Salvador and most parts of El Espino of San Lorenzo. They
have another eleven siblings, including their youngest sister, Eugenia Rodríguez Flores. Although Mr.
Rodríguez has always lived in Puerto Rico, like many Puerto Ricans his life is connected to cities across
the United States mainland through family. Many of his children live in the United States: Ramon is a
teacher and lived for many years in Aurora, Illinois. Juan worked with Teo Arroyo to bring the first
Puerto Rican parade to Aurora. Pablo is currently a Catholic priest. A veteran of World War II, Mr.
Rodríguez loves to play his cuatro and is well educated, constantly reading. He is a devout Catholic and
in his early years collaborated with the Hermanos Cheo, or Brothers Joe, an organization of lay
preachers who sought to preserve Catholicism on the island at a time when there were few Puerto Rican
priests. The Hermanos Cheo also got families to cooperate with each other during the Great Depression
and World War II. Mr. Rodríguez has remained a recognized leader of the Catholic capilla of San Salvador
throughout this life. At one time in the 1960s he was deeply involved in the Acción Cristiana Political
Party, but he later rejected that affiliation because, “the church has to remain separate from the politics

�of the state.” Mr. Rodríguez explains that he was for Puerto Rican independence but rejected the
politics of Don Pedro Albizu Campos because, “it was violent and scared people.” Mr. Rodríguez reveals
that he too was being watched and harassed during the 1950s by government agents, just for wanting
independence. Repression was then going on all over the island, as the Nationalist Party was making
their revolution. Today, Mr. Rodríguez is retired, enjoys his parakeets, and cooking his vegetables and
eating the fruits of his land.

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Veterans History Project Interview
Name of War: Korean War
Interviewee Name: James Dingman
Length of Interview: 1hr 6mins (36mins.)
Pre-Enlistment (00:19)
•

Childhood (00:22)
o Dingman was born in Sparta, Michigan in 1934. (00:25)

•

Family (00:26)
o Dingman’s father was a factory worker while his mother was a homemaker.
(00:35)
o Growing up, Dingman lived in Boston Square in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He
lived here until he got married. (01:25)
o Describes his family’s wartime experience during WWII in some detail. (02:07)

•

Education (02:51)
o Attended West Ottawa Hills High in Grand Rapids. Afterwards, he joined the
ROTC. (02:58)

Enlistment/Basic Training (03:18)
•

High school ROTC (03:42)
o While in the ROTC, he received training army instruction along with the shooting
of 22 rifles and learning from the drill sergeants about army marching, drilling,
etc. (04:35)
o After doing ROTC training for a little while he decided to join the National Guard
and pursue a career with them. (04:55)

•

National Guard (05:26)
o When he had joined up, Dingman lied about his age so he could be admitted. He
did this while still in high school. His training with the National Guard was
similar to that of his ROTC training. (05:50)

�•



Briefly discusses what a typical day in the National Guard looked like
while still attending high school classes on top of that. (06:54)



Many of the men that he got to know while training had served in World
War II. (07:22)



The Guard unit he was a part of was the 126th Reg., a branch of the
Michigan Nat. Guard. (08:22)



Joined the National Guard in 1949 but did not graduate high school until
1952. (08:55)

Background to the Korean War (09:06)
o While he was still undergoing basic training the Korean War broke out. It was
about 1950. (09:22)
o He mentions that units from the 45th and 46th Infantry Divisions began getting
ready to be deployed to Korea. (09:25) When it came time for the Army to decide
what units to send their unit but skipped over it; taking the 47th Division, a Marine
reserve unit, instead. (10:03)
o Dingman shares his thoughts and perceptions of his military career and of the war
during this time. (11:10)
o Once he had finished high school, he met his wife in 1955 and once 1956 rolled
around he had to decide what to do about his career plans. (11:58)
o He chose his wife and kids and then to become a police officer. (12:42)
o Goes into some detail about what skills and leadership he received. Later, after
being promoted to a sergeant and even later as a 1st Lieutenant he used what he
learned to teach different. (14:12) Briefly mentions that as a 1st Lieutenant part of
his job involved teaching different classes. (15:10)

Active Duty (15:10)
•

Camp Grayling (15:16)
o Briefly discusses his experience here in some detail and what a typical day looked
like. (15:43)
o Spent 12 years in the National Guard, rising to the rank of a first lieutenant.
Ended his career because it was conflicting with his police career. (19:47)

�o In conjunction with his Guard duties he began a career in law enforcement, of
which eventually both jobs became too much for him to handle and thus he
dropped the Guard. (20:36)
o Also, while with the Guard he took classes and among the things he studied was
weapons’ use and explosives. (22:07)
o Briefly discusses the training he received in the recruit’s school and the police
academy. (22:21)
After the Service (22:30)
•

Career as a police officer (23:20)
o Briefly discusses what the crime environment was like in Grand Rapids during the
1950s and 60s. (23:50)
o Dingman mentions that most of the crime he encountered was domestic—
prostitution, drugs, thievery, and armed robberies. Describes some stories with
this. (25:03)
o Served on the force for 33 years and during that time downtown Grand Rapids
changed dramatically. Briefly describes its change and some of the events in some
detail. (26:45)
o Briefly describes his encounter with the race riots that went on during the late
1960s. (27:54)
o While on the force, Dingman served with a variety of black Americans who
described what the general stereotypical perceptions of them was by white
officers. (29:21)
o Dingman left the force in 1989. (30:18)
o Briefly describes some of the jobs he had afterwards. (30:31)
o Briefly shares some other Guard stories in some detail. (31:45)

•

Reflection (34:00)
o Dingman briefly shares his thoughts on what he got out of the Guard. Among the
things he got out of it was a sense of pride and learning discipline while in the
Armed Service. (34:47)

�o Interview Ends (36:23)

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                  <text>1981-2014</text>
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                <text>A sermon given by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on June 30, 1991 entitled "Discerning the Presence", on the occasion of Pentecost VI, at Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI. Scripture references: I Corinthians 12:27.</text>
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                  <text>Collection of photographs, scrapbooks, programs, minutes, and other records of the Temple B'nai Israel in Muskegon, Michigan. The collection was created as part of the L'dor V'dor project directed by Dr. Marilyn Preston, and was supported by grants from the Kutsche Office of Local History and Michigan Humanities Council. Original materials were digitized by the University Libraries and returned to the synagogue.</text>
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                  <text>Digital objects were contributed by Temple B'nai Israel as part of the L'dor V'dor project.</text>
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                <text>Discharge of mortgage document for the Muskegon House of Jewish Worship, 1967-1972.</text>
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                <text>Digital file contributed by the B'nai Israel Temple as part of the L'dor V'dor project.</text>
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                    <text>Disciples at Second Hand
Easter Sunday
Text: Luke 24:30-31
Richard A. Rhem
Christ Community Church
Spring Lake, Michigan
March 30, 1997
Transcription of the spoken sermon
Soren Kierkegaard, Danish theologian, philosopher and prophetic voice of the
19th century, speaks of disciples at second hand - those who live through an
experience only through second hand information. They are not really there; they
only hear about the moment, the wonder, the real thing.
And who are these disciples? They are Peter and James and John, Andrew,
Nathaniel, and the rest of the twelve - those who traveled with him, listened to
him, ate with him and finally abandoned him.
Well, you say, that is a strange twist. I would have thought they were the disciples
at first hand who encountered him in the flesh and witnessed to their experience
in order that subsequent generations, indeed we ourselves, reading their witness,
might become disciples at second hand.
And that, of course, is precisely the reaction Kierkegaard was hoping to elicit in
order to make his fascinating assertion that being a disciple at first hand has
nothing to do with historical or physical proximity, but rather with the insight of
faith that is the gift of the Spirit of God - an insight that was more likely to be the
experience of one who walked with him in the flesh in the first century than of
one who experienced him through the Spirit's fire in the twentieth century.
Let me ask you - if you could choose to have been present during the days of
Jesus’ flesh as opposed to the experience of him here and now through the Spirit
- which would you choose?
Not, would you choose to live in the first century as opposed to the twentieth just whether you would choose to have been present, on the scene, when he was
teaching and healing in the days of his human, historical existence, or to
experience him in a moment of revealing - a spiritual encounter, a burning
sensation of present grace and love and beauty. Which would you choose?
Unless freed to think deeply about this, I suspect the immediate response would
be for most of us that we would choose to have been there. And if so, it is not
© Grand Valley State University

	&#13;  

�Disciples at Second Hand

Richard A. Rhem

Page 2	&#13;  

surprising, for Christian piety has conditioned us thus. For example, take The Old
Hymnbook, #460 - "I Think When I Read That Sweet Story of Old," a children's
hymn, vs. 1: "I should like to have been with them then;" vs. 2, "I wish that His
hands had been placed on my head;" That, however, is not possible; however...,
vs. 3: "Yet still to His footstool in prayer I may go." That I can do now and, "If I
now earnestly serve Him below, I shall see Him and serve Him above."
Now do you see there are two golden ages, so to speak? The days of the flesh, now
out of the question, and Heaven, still in the future. And in the meantime, this inbetween time, prayer is a present possibility, but something less than past reality
of physical presence, or future reality in Heaven.
My experience tells me that has been a rather persistent and consistent Christian
perspective. To be a disciple at first hand requires either being present with Jesus
in the days of his flesh, or some day, "Face to Face," but now the best we can be is
Disciples at Second Hand, reliving the stories of the past - imagining the glory
that will be - but stuck in history's ongoing development with prayer our only
access.
Now, let me say clearly that is to miss the reality of Easter. Easter is to be
experienced here and now, ever anew in the community of faith that lives in the
Presence of the Spirit of God, which is the spirit of the Living Christ. That is the
message of the Easter Gospel Lesson - the story of the encounter with the risen
Christ on the Emmaus Road. Luke alone tells this resurrection story. Two
disciples are leaving Jerusalem on Easter afternoon. They are dejected,
discouraged, disappointed. Their world has collapsed, their hopes crushed, their
dreams dashed. As they walk along the road to their home village of Emmaus, the
Risen One joins them, but to them, he seems a stranger. He sees that they are sad
of heart and inquires as to the reason. They cannot believe anyone could be
ignorant of what has just transpired. They tell him of the death of the one they
had hoped would redeem Israel. The stranger chides them for their foolishness,
their slowness of heart to believe the Scriptures concerning the destiny of the
Messiah. They approach the village and the stranger appears to be going on, but
they invite him to join them as it is eventide and the day is far spent. The stranger
accepts, enters their home, joins them at table and then assumes the role of host.
He took bread, blessed and broke it and gave it to them. Suddenly their eyes were
opened and they recognized him; it was he, Jesus, alive and present. And just the
moment they recognized him, he vanished from their sight. Then, on reflection
they say to each other, did not our hearts burn within us while he was talking to
us on the way! Evening or not, they left the evening meal which had become a
Eucharistic Feast, and returned to Jerusalem with the exciting news. The Lord
has risen indeed!
He was made known to us in the breaking of the bread. This is a beautiful Easter
story. Its meaning is that being a disciple at first hand has nothing to do with
historical, physical proximity to Jesus - whether the Pre-Easter Jesus, or the

© Grand Valley State University

�Disciples at Second Hand

Richard A. Rhem

Page 3	&#13;  

Post-Easter Jesus. It has to do with recognition, with eyes opened by the Spirit,
with the experience of a Presence that makes the heart burn.
In a lecture at Oregon State University a year ago, the New Testament scholar,
Marcus Borg, host of a conference entitled "Jesus at 2000," quoted his colleague,
John Dominic Crossan, who claims "Emmaus never happened. Emmaus always
happens." Borg writes, "Emmaus happens again and again. Or, to echo the title of
one of my books, Emmaus is a story about meeting Jesus again for the first time.
Easter is about the Living Lord who journeys with us whether we recognize him
or not. But, there are moments when we become aware of a Presence. There are
moments when we know he is with us. That he lives. That we, too, are gripped
and grasped by life, the gift of the Living God who again and again shatters the
darkness, breaks the chains of oppression, overcomes the worst that evil can do.
The God Whose light broke forth on Easter morning and shines and will shine
until all is well."
The aisle down which you will walk to this table set with bread and cup is the
Emmaus Road. This moment, as every moment, is potentially the moment of fire
and recognition, of burning heart and sheer joy when suddenly we know, we
know a gracious presence enveloping us. We entered this Holy Season around the
Table that is at the center of the Christian worship experience. Table fellowship
was the hallmark of Jesus' ministry - the ministry of the Pre-Easter Jesus. All
were welcome. All sorts and conditions of persons came; open table fellowship
was the sign of the unbrokered Presence of God - the God Who is accessible to all
- in a sanctuary, or at the seaside, with or without a priest or rabbi.
On the night in which he was betrayed, he gathered his intimate friends around
the Table, took bread, blessed and broke it and gave it to them.
We entered this Holy Season around our Lord's Table and I suggested, in spite of
the architecture which does not lend itself to table fellowship, nevertheless, we
look at the Faces Around the Table - into the faces of one another - brothers and
sisters with whom we have joined in this pilgrimage of faith, in whose faces we
see God's Presence and experience God's grace.
I made the point then that the Kingdom of God is not "up above us" in some
heavenly realm, nor "out ahead of us" in some future age, but here and now.
God's Presence is present to us in present experience as we look into each other's
faces. In the intimacy of table fellowship, in the intimate connection with the
other, we experience God's Presence as the Other.
Have we not had such moments ... Can you not remember immediately such a
moment full of fire and the reality of recognition when you knew more deeply
than concept could contain or words explain - that God is - that Grace is - that all
will be well, all manner of things will be well - perhaps a sense of comfort in the
midst of deep grief, of calm in the midst of great danger, of overwhelming love in

© Grand Valley State University

�Disciples at Second Hand

Richard A. Rhem

Page 4	&#13;  

the embrace of another, in a child's face, the peace of a craggy countenance of one
breathing her last.
Moments to remember because they are moments of recognition. Moments we
would grasp and freeze and hold forever, but moments only, not once for all, but
again and again, as grace breaks over us. That is Emmaus - that is Easter.
They recognized him in the breaking of the bread - at a kitchen table in a Judean
Village, and sad and faithless hearts leapt for joy in flames of deep knowing and
trust . No weariness can contain them - they run to the city to proclaim, The Lord
is risen!

© Grand Valley State University

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              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                  <text>1981-2014</text>
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          <name>Event</name>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en"&gt;In Copyright&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>A sermon given by Richard A. Rhem (Dick) on March 30, 1997 entitled "Disciples at Second Hand", on the occasion of Easter Sunday, at Christ Community Church, Spring Lake, MI. Scripture references: Luke 24:30-31.</text>
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        <name>All Will Be Well</name>
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        <name>Easter</name>
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        <name>Grace</name>
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      <tag tagId="325">
        <name>Presence of Spirit of God</name>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>The term incunabula refers to books printed between 1450 and 1500, approximately the first fifty years following the invention, by Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, of printing from moveable type. Our collection includes over 200 volumes and numerous unbound leaves from books printed during this period.</text>
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              <name>Coverage</name>
              <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="765553">
                  <text>&lt;a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en"&gt;No Copyright - United &lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <name>Publisher</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                  <text>Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections &amp; University Archives</text>
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              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <name>Language</name>
              <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                  <text>eng&#13;
it&#13;
la&#13;
nl &#13;
de</text>
                </elementText>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Disticha de moribus [folium 60]</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="763124">
                <text>DC-03_060Cato1475</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Cato</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="763126">
                <text>One leaf of Disticha de moribus by Pseudo Cato. Printed in Augsburg by Anton Sorg on November 2, 1475.  Illustrated with red rubricated initials. [GW 6277; ISTC ic00292000]</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Augsburg: Anton Sorg</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Incunabula</text>
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                <text>Printing 1450-1500</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="763130">
                <text>la</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="763131">
                <text>&lt;a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en"&gt;No Copyright - United States&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="763133">
                <text>application/pdf</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="763134">
                <text>1475</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="763135">
                <text>Seidman Rare Books Collection</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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  <item itemId="49967" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="54773">
        <src>https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/480ce1639a9c42343cf358f885329498.jpg</src>
        <authentication>c63e1e7d18152ab1ca25d2195ebe91fd</authentication>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="920805">
                  <text>Robert H. Merrill photographs</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="920806">
                  <text>Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>1909/1950</text>
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            <element elementId="48">
              <name>Source</name>
              <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="920808">
                  <text>Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222)</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="920809">
                  <text>In Copyright</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                  <text>RHC-222</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="939439">
                  <text>Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner &amp; Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. </text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>Merrill_Films_B_008</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>1936-09-19</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Ditch group looking west</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="934997">
                <text>Black and white photograph of a group of seven men standing in front of trees.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="934998">
                <text>Hopkins (Mich.)</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="935000">
                <text>Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="935002">
                <text>In Copyright</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="935003">
                <text>Image</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="935004">
                <text>image/jpg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1035361">
                <text>Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
