266 24 26018 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/80c886c2ecad0fa5a6927cb7cc216a1f.jpg 14b802858dea6f18e82b81ead2ab9a8e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DeLongArthur_Photo03 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource DeLong, Arthur Description An account of the resource Arthur DeLong, Psychology Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/148415a63284348129f6e694c60e4285.jpg 61ece3d06bb4c3ac123c16b03252ba4a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DeLongArthur_Photo04 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource DeLong, Arthur Description An account of the resource Arthur DeLong, Psychology Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/65e3854765f0b40a1948e44990d7679e.jpg 53b38e29a70b4730a768a0505ca27353 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DeLongGreta_Photo01 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource DeLong, Greta Description An account of the resource Greta DeLong, Psychology and Education Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e3fc5a282a7189802f640d1582fbf0dc.jpg 51f2f211899a8b8b9f33792bc26e1f01 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DeLongGreta_Photo02 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource DeLong, Greta Description An account of the resource Greta DeLong, Psychology and Education Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f0bd4999a9ce7dc4a1b17a9fab96f6d2.jpg 39b302b12861c4fb5351c4a4e37576e2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DeLongGreta_Photo03 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource DeLong, Greta Description An account of the resource Greta DeLong, Psychology and Education Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History College teachers Universities and colleges – Faculty Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e161e77d4ac8eadf75af2744dc807970.pdf 266030b6bbe56da4ccb44c0aa653c025 PDF Text Text Comprehensive Plan �Delta Township Co111preh.ensive Plan Prepared for: DELTA TOWNSHIP Lansin5, Michie,an June2004 Project No. E16316 PreparedblJ: 0 © Gove Associates, Inc. 1601 Portaee Street Kalamazoo, Michiean 49001 �1"11.13,f.'E rYF CONTEN1"S .Sulion I - Communi'J 'Pro{ife Introduction Location Natural Features Map 1 - 1 Soils Map 1-2 Water Features Infrastructure Map 1-3 Sanitary Sewer Service Area Map 1-4 Water Service Area Public Services Map 1-5 School District Boundaries Map 1-6 Parks and Recreation Areas Introduction Population Housing Education and Economics 1 .sulion., - 'E;tim"!} jj,,u{ 1.ue 1 1 2 3 5 6 8 10 11 14 16 19 19 27 32 1 Introduction Land Use Classifications Land Use Distribution Summary Map 3- 1 Existing Land Use Map 39 39 41 46 47 .Sulion 4 - Communi'J 9npul Public Participation Survey Overview 49 49 .Sulion 5- /J-oAfr AndO!juliflM Goals 61 Future Development Concept Future Land Use Map 6-1 Future Land Use Map 69 70 82 .Sulion 7 - 9mplemenu,lion Introduction Implementation Schedule Appendix A - National Functional Classification Map Appendix B - Delta Township Community Opinion Survey Appendix C - Proposed Sidewalks and Trails Map 83 87 �Section I Communi tfJro{ife INTRODUCTION Delta Township is a Charter Township with a Supervisor, Clerk, Treasurer and four Trustees. The Township Hall is located on West Saginaw Highway (M-43) just east of the I-96/Saginaw Highway interchange. As a Charter Township, Delta Township has basic powers granted to general law townships by state statute as well as the power to level more millage (up to 5 mills or 10 mills with the electorate's approval) and protect itself from annexation. Those powers include the ability to hire a manager, assessor, police or fire chief, superintendent and other necessary personnel. Townships are mandated to administer assessments, hold elections, and collect taxes. They are also responsible for financial administration, including budgets, accounting, investments and deposits. In addition, townships may enact and enforce ordinances, which include zoning ordinances. The Township manages the use of land under the Delta Township Zoning Ordinance, which is administered by the Township's Planning Director. Therefore, the Township has the sole responsibility for the development of its zoning ordinance and map. The Comprehensive Plan is a long-range document intended to guide growth and development in the Township. The Plan, drafted as per the provisions of Michigan's Municipal Planning Act (Act 285 of 1 931 ), is required to be reviewed every five years. The plan has a long-range focus of up to 20 years in the future. A component of the Com rehensive Plan is the Future Land Use Map which serves as the basis for Township zoning and subdivision regulations. \_ LOCATION q Delta Township is located in the northeastern corner of Eaton County, in the southcentral region of I ~ -+--+---+---+--~- -7 ) eastern borders are shared with the counties of west of Delta Township are the townships of Windsor and Oneida. ( Jlf-w,- - - - - r - - - t - - t - ~ Michigan's Lower Peninsula. The Township's north and Clinton and Ingham, respectively. To the south and ·--. ,; I ,., . J _.-(' r- ""'\ .. r / /'L ( ' l l \ The Township is located at Township 4 North, Range 3 West and generally encompasses 36 contiguous land sections, or approximately 36 square miles. A small portion of the City of Lansing spills over into / Delta Township from Ingham County and occupies much of section 36. • �Section I Communi fJro{ife are an essential part of Delta Township's NATURAL FEATURES Natural features are an essential part of Delta Township's attractiveness to residents and visitors. An understanding of Delta Township's land and water resources can help further define where certain land use activities should occur within its borders. The composition of local soils, the Township's general vegetation, and the quality and quantity of water all help determine the ability of the Township to locate, support and sustain different types of land development. Natural features can also help Township officials justify the denial of some development, based on the ability of the natural environment to support it. The following describes these natural elements in more detail: Local Soils Soils are the building blocks that define the types of activities that can be sustained on the land. For example, the type of vegetation and drainage that occur naturally in an area is determined by the soil. Soils also help determine where buildings, roads and other man-made structures can best be located. Classifications of Delta Township's soil have been identified and mapped by the Soil Conservation Service in the 1978 Soil Survey of Eaton County, Michigan. There are four different soil associations within Delta Township (Map l - l ). Each of these types has their own unique characteristics, including limitations for development, recreation and agriculture. The majority of these soil types are a part of the Marlette-Capac and the Marlette-Capac-Owosso associations. The Marlette-Capac association is defined as soils that are classified as nearly level to gently undulating, well drained to somewhat poorly drained loamy soils on till plains. These soils are found in much of the central and western portions of the Township. The Marlette-Capac-Owosso association is classified as nearly level to hilly, well drained to somewhat poorly drained, loamy soils on moraines and till plains. These soils are found in the northern and eastern portions of the Township. �Section f CommunifJ fJro{ile The Houghton-Gilford-Adrain soil classification found in the southwest corner of the Township presents various prob lems for ur ban-type development. This soil type is most conducive to agricultural activities such as the sod farms that predominate in the area. The Houghton-Gilford-Adrian association and the Capac-Parkhill association make up the remaining portion of the Township. The Houghton-Gilford-Adrian association is identified as nearly level, very poorly drained, mucky and loamy soils in glacial drainage areas. Soils classified as Capac-Parkhill are nearly level to gently undulating, somewhat poorly drained, loamy soils and nearly level, poorly drained and very poorly drained loamy soils; on till plains and low moraines. MAP 1-1 Delta Tovmstup. r,;,1,chlgan GenP-ral zed Soi s ··+•--. o· . . .)-._=~··-.. ,;v.i t,;.!,~1~ a.\<S:'ffll ~ l t ~ ttl•• -4 JII CJ �Secfion f Communi 1'ro{ife Vegetation Presettlement vegetation in Delta Township was mostly beech and sugar maple forest. Areas of basswood, elm, white ash and hickory could be found among these beech and sugar maples. Wet prairies were present along the Grand River and Carrier Creek. In many areas hardwoods are still present while in other areas these hardwoods were removed to make way for agriculture and cultivation activity in the 1 800s. Water Resources Delta Township, located in the Grand River Watershed, has over 410 acres of ponds, rivers and streams within its boundaries with the principal water feature being the Grand River. The Grand River occupies approximately 348 acres and stretches more than 1 0 miles in the northern and southeastern portions of the Township. More of the Grand River is located in Delta Township than any other single governmental unit in the Tri-County area. In addition, other water features in the Township include Miller and Carrier Creeks both tributaries of the Grand River. These creeks, and drains which feed them, flow from south to north draining much of the Township as shown on Map 1-2. Some National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) regulated wetlands may exist within Delta Township. Prior to new development within the Township a NWI map should be consulted and an on-site field inspection conducted to more accurately determine whether regulated wetlands exist on the site in question. �Secfion I CommunifJ 'Profile MAP 1-2 Delta Township Water Features - · - · . . . • Millett Highway • miles Hydrologic Features 0 Qaue A11;ma1ai,11;1na. _,_., .. SOURCE: Laid 1,1:inna1t1, ~ u AUOOlab::i. OeRilTorwm:~p 0 �Secfion I Communi 'Profile INFRASTRUCTURE Roads The transportation network within the Township can be divided into four classifications: freeways, arterial, collector and local streets. These classifications are based on the service function of the street and its relationship to other The transportation network consists of more than 175 miles of roads streets in the Township. In total, the transportation network within the Township occupies more than 2,500 acres and consists of more than 175 miles of roads. Interstates 69, 96 and 496 are the principal highways within the Township. Interstate 69 is a major north/south highway in southern Lower Michigan passing through the Township and providing access to 1-94 to the south and Flint (1-75) to the east. The traffic count on 1-69 in 2003 in northern Delta Township was 32,500 daily vehicle trips while it was 28,300 trips at the Township's southern border. Interstate 96 connects Delta Township with Grand Rapids on the west and Detroit on the east. Within the Township, 1-96 and 1-69 occupy much of the same highway right-of-way. Interstate 96 merges with 1-69 north of the Township where they continue south several miles as a single highway until they split just south of Delta Township. Interstate 96 continues east while 1-69 continues southwest. A traffic count of 63,000 vehicles per day was recorded in 2003 for 1-96 and 1-69 just south of M-43. The 1-96, 1-69, and 1-496 junction is located in the southern portion of the Township, where 1-496 penetrates east into the City of Lansing. Traffic counts on 1-496 within the Township in 2003 averaged between 24,700 daily vehicle trips near Canal Road to 33,300 near Waverly Road. Much of the traffic associated with these interstates typically bypasses Delta Township, as their origin and destination are locations outside of the Township. Roads classified as arterial roads are roads that serve as the primary collectors of traffic generated on the collector and local streets in Delta Township. The collector streets in the Township generally follow a one-mile grid pattern which in most cases mirror the one-mile section lines of the Township, dating back to the 19th century survey of the area. Some of the major roads in the Township include the following east-west routes: Michigan Avenue, M-43/Saginaw Highway, Mt. Hope Highway, Willow Highway and St. Joe Highway, in addition to Creyts Road, Canal Road, Nixon Road, and Waverly Road, all north-south routes within the Township. �Section { Communi fJro{ife Numerous minor roads and private roads serve the Township's residential and commercial areas. The bulk of these roads are located in the more urbanized portion of the Township north of 1-496 and east of 1-96 and 1-69. As of January 2004, approximately 94 percent of the Township's roads, not including Federal and State roads, were paved. The Road Classification Map can be found in Appendix A. Sanitary Sewer Service The Township has a combination of urban and rural land uses. As a result, portions of Delta Township are served by a sanitary sewer system while other areas rely on septic systems and drain fields. The areas served by the Township sewer system include most of the area east of 1-69 and 1-96, and all of the area north of 1-496, and south of the Grand River. The availability of sanitary sewer service west of 1-69 and 1-96 is concentrated in the more densely populated neighborhoods sanitary sewer system - other areas rely on septic systems along St. Joe Highway, Willow Highway, and West Saginaw, as indicated on Map 1-3. The sewage is collected and transported to the Delta Township Wastewater Treatment Plant located on Willow Highway east of Canal Road through a network of sewer lines ranging in size from 8" to 36" and 14 pump stations located throughout the Township. As of July 2003 the Township reported 8,003 residential, 625 commercial and 1 3 industrial hookups. The current capacity of the treatment plant is six millions gallons per day, which is currently sufficient to handle the average daily waste flow generated. Expansion of the facility will occur prior to reaching capacity. The equalization basins in the system will help to balance the 24-hour plant flows. �Section f Communi 'Profile MAP 1-3 Delta Township Sanitary Sewer Service Area - 2003 .. _; Ml . Ho~g~~,~--------.-....-----"I ,.,_._,..,,.,.-;,,.._.,.,.._..,._ _ _;;;..;.~ "., "' 0 .D ! 0 "' Millett Highway 0 J1 Davis Hi hway 05 miles ~ Sanitary Sewer Service Area SOURCE: I.aid ru:mnalb• IV::l::lt.U Auoolitl01 OtffaTOflUU:~~ on t e uture an ap �Section f CommunifJ 'Profile Municipal Water System Delta Township has an agreement to purchase up to 15 million gallons of Water service is provided to 6,411 residential, 557 commercial and 17 industrial customers water per day from the Lansing Board of Water and Light. This water provides domestic service and fire protection to approximately 6,411 residential, 557 commercial customers and 17 industrial customers as of July 2003. Four pump stations with pumping capacities of between 475 and 1,300 gallons per minute pump the water through a network of pipes ranging in size of 2" to 20" in diameter. The water is stored in four water tanks with storage capacities of 500,000, 1,250,000, 2,000,000 and 1,000,000 gallons. These facilities are located on Snow Road, S. Creyts Road, Willow Highway /1-96 and Millett Highway /1-96. The distribution of water is primarily concentrated in areas east of 1-69/1-96 and commercial and residential areas west of 1-69 /1-96 along Saginaw Highway and St. Joseph Highway. The remainder of groundwater the Township through obtains private and residential wells (Map 1-4). 0 �Section I Communi 'Profile MAP 1-4 Delta Township Water SeNice Area - 2003 ..) Mt. HoP.e Highwav.o.+------ ., "' Millett Highway JI Davis Hi hWI:' as miles II O Municipal Water Service Area Oau•Ai:.mola'°'"'"•· _,_,,_ SOURCE: laid 111>nn.rtt:n /V:x:,;t,U AuocaD:>1 oenaT011us,~ Future water service areas are illustrated on the Future Land Use Map. �Section f Communit3 fJro{ife TRANSPORTATION Mass Transit The Eaton County Transportation Authority (EATRAN) has been in operation since 1 980 and provides transportation service to residents living within Eaton County on an on-call, as-needed basis. Eaton County residents arrange a pick up and drop off time and location with EA TRAN 24 hours prior to the service. While EATRAN serves all Eaton County residents they specialize in providing commuter express trips and medical trips for senior citizens and handicapped individuals. In 2002 EA TRAN served 182,674 passengers. Forty percent of all riders in 2000 were senior citizens or handicapped individuals. The fees associated with EA TRAN transportation depend on the age of riders, and service requested by them. This fee is sufficient to support the current level of service provided by EATRAN and user fees are not expected to increase any time soon. CATA The Capital Area Transportation Authority (CATA) was formed in 1972 by the City of Lansing. Delta Township was provided with transit services from the late 1970s to the early 1980s in exchange for financial subsidies. In the spring of 1 984 CATA discontinued many of the fixed transit routes in Delta Township because the Township did not join CATA. CATA presently operates 25 fixed-routes serving Lansing and East Lansing, Delhi, Meridian and Lansing townships. CATA's Route Three busses enter Delta Township at the Waverly/West Saginaw intersection, proceed westbound on West Saginaw to Elmwood, northbound to West Mall Drive, westbound to Mall Drive South and then return eastbound to the City of Lansing on Saginaw Highway and adjacent service drives. Route Three serves West Saginaw Plaza, the Lansing Mall, Delta Center, and Meijers. CATA's Route Twelve busses serve Waverly Road between Michigan Avenue and St. Joe Highway with a turn-around point at Waverly Plaza (Home Depot and Value City). �Section< Communi fJro{ife CA TA does provide "Delta Late Night Service" which begins when EATRAN service ends for the day. This service provides limited transportation with a 24 hour reservation between Delta Township and Greater Lansing. Service is limited to West Saginaw Highway east of Broadbent Road and Creyts Road between Saginaw and Davis Highway. Delta Late Night allows individuals the option of working later hours and still having public transportation available to them. The Capital City Airport is located in Clinton County less than one mile northeast of Delta Township. The Bringing Your World Clas.er airport encompasses approximately 1,600 acres and is owned and operated by the Capital Region Airport Authority. Commercial and general aviation services are provided to Township residents as well as those living in the Greater Lansing Area. The airport is presently served by five commercial passenger carriers and two freight carriers. These air carriers make more than 30 flights daily to Detroit, Green Bay, Minneapolis, Cincinnati, Chicago-O'Hare and Pittsburgh. The Airport served more 534,700 passengers in 2003 making the Capital City Airport one of Michigan's busiest airports in terms of passengers boarded. The facilities available at the airport include the main terminal with six gates, offices, restaurants, a gift shop, hangers, maintenances facilities and three runways ranging in length from 3,601 feet to 7,251 feet. The Department of Public Safety of the Capital Region Airport Authority provides public security and safety. The department is registered with the State of Michigan as a police department, fire department and emergency first responder. Railroad Facilities The Canadian National Railroad Company and the CSX Transportation Company operate railroads within the Township. In 1987, CSX acquired the Chesapeake and Ohio line located in the far northwest corner of the Township in section 6. However the line does not provide direct service to the Township. The Canadian National Railroad line is located in the southeastern corner of the Township in sections 24, 25, 26, 34 and 35. The line connects Delta Township with Port Huron on the east and Chicago on the west, and the line provides rail service to numerous industrial facilities within the Township. �Section I CommrmifJ 1'ro{ife PUBLIC SERVICES Police and Fire Protection The Eaton County Sheriff's Department provides Delta Township police protection referred to as the "Delta Patrol." This is a contract agreement between the Township and the County and as of 2003 the Patrol consisted of: 1 Lieutenant 5 Sergeants 3 Detectives 20 Deputies 1 Tri-County Metro Narcotics Officer The Michigan State Police provides additional police protection if needed. The Sheriff's Department sub-station is located on Administrative Drive off of Canal Road just north of Saginaw Highway. The Delta Township Fire Department founded in 1953, operates 3 stations located throughout the Township with full and part-time staff consisting of fire fighters and paramedics. The Township maintains 30 full-time on-duty firefighters. The Department responded to 4,120 alarms in 2003, of which 3,043 were EMS alarms and 1,077 were fire alarms. The Department maintains and operates a variety of vehicles, boats and other equipment in an effort to provide the comprehensive fire and rescue services. Fire Station No. 1 on N. Canal Road north of West Saginaw Highway has the following: • - Class A Pumper • - 3000 Gallon Tanker with a 1,250 gpm pump • - 1 3/4 ton Brush Truck with Skid Load • 1 - 100 Foot Platform Ladder Truck • 1 - Heavy Rescue Vehicle • 2 - Sets of the Jaws of Life • 1 - Rescue Boat �Secfion f Communi 'Profile Fire Station No. 2 in the southeast corner of the Township on Lansing Road west of Waverly has available one Class A Pumper. Located on Snow Road south of West Michigan Avenue, Fire Station No. 3 has two Class A Pumpers, l set of the Jaws of life, a rescue boat, one pickup truck and one air compressor truck. The Delta Township Fire Department has a Mutual Aid Agreement with the neighboring communities of Grand Ledge, Lansing, East Lansing, Meridian Township and Lansing Township, in the event additional fire fighting personnel are needed. Schools Delta Township is served by four school districts: Grand Ledge, Holt, Lansing, and Waverly. Nearly two-thirds of the Township is served by the Grand Ledge Public Schools. There are three Grand Ledge Schools located in Delta Township: Delta Center Elementary School (2002 enrollment of 470), Willow Ridge Elementary School (2002 enrollment of 500), and Hayes Middle School (2002 enrollment of 800). The Waverly Community School District serves nearly one-third of the Township with five of the district's seven buildings which include: Elmwood School (2003 enrollment of 250), Colt Elementary School (2003 enrollment of 339), Winans Elementary School (2003 enrollment of 321 ), Waverly Middle School (2003 enrollment of 552), Waverly High School (2003 enrollment of 1,061). Only a fraction of the Township is served by Holt Public Schools and Lansing Public Schools and neither district operates school buildings within Delta Township. Map 1-5 illustrates the School District boundaries and the location of school buildings in Delta Township. �Section I CommunifJ 'Profile MAP 1-5 Delta Township School District B01.Jn daries '.).. t' fC"i:. Ll1 h,:,."11 ,.6.J,1 l'e ' "'" 'l f) ·,:: •.:tvi!l:D.lt �Section I Communi flro{ife Parks and Recreation/Natural Areas Parks and Recreation facilities and programs within Delta Township are administered through the Parks, Recreation and Cemeteries Department. The department maintains 12 parks and recreation areas and two cemeteries throughout the Township encompassing more than 680 acres. The parks, ranging in size from 1.1 acres to more than 150 acres, offer a variety of recreation opportunities, everything from passive natural recreation areas and picnic shelters to active recreation like play grounds, baseball fields and Frisbee golf. The Parks and Recreation Department provides a complete recreation program with the majority of the indoor activities conducted in the Township's Library and Community Center. There are a significant number of recreation fields, basketball courts and open space provided at various elementary school sites located throughout the Township. These facilities are owned and maintained by the Waverly and Grand Ledge School Systems. TABLE 1-1 - DELTA TOWNSHIP PARKS AND AVAILABLE AMENITIES -i, 41 C. 0 ai Parks "'f C Ill "'-~ C ·s;: ii: 0.. ~ C -0 C 0 Anderson 151 Grand Woods 128 Hawk Meadows 128 X Lootens 84 X Sharp 58 Lake Delta 40 Delta Mills 32 Hunter's Orchard 26 Erickson 17 Leland 1 X u ~ -i, C :::, llCIU c( . .! E .5! ai J:. 0 "' 0 "' .. 41 J:. u -i, u _.,, C 0 0 . ::, 0 DI >, 0 DI C :c "' i.i: ~ . . 0 I41 ::, "ij -:! 'ii 0 '-----' z "'0 > C. E c( u. 0 ai .ll:: "'0 llCI C C 41 I- C !! ii: _.0 41 0 J:. J:. u ::, . "'41 "'0 41 0 C 0 u :::c I 1---- X X X X X X X X X X - X X X ~ X +-X .- - X ~ t ~ ~ X ~ I- X X X X X X X X X X l I :-----I ._ ~ X C) 0 r X 0 41 .a 41 >, 41 .! .a 0 ·.:: "' ,___ X . = .a -~ :c .! ::: ---t J X j �a Secfion 1 ommunifJ 'Profile MAP 1-6 _ PA RKS AND RECREATION AREAS Delta Townsh· arks and Recreation IP Areas P 8non Highway Mllett Highway �Section f • Communi~ 'Profile Library The Delta Township District Library, also known as Enrichment Center, is located at 4538 Elizabeth Road and serves Delta Township residents. The library is housed in a 4,800 square foot building containing 33,000 books, CD's, DVD's, video games, tapes, and magazines. It is operated by 3 full-time and 1 0 part-time librarians and is currently open six days a week. The library is part of the Capital Library Cooperative which includes 23 libraries located in Jackson, Eaton, Ingham, Clinton and Gratiot counties. The Delta Township Library services nearly 30,000 persons with 10,000 cardholders, with no restrictions on membership. Delta Township officials are considering the construction of a new Library on Township property on the east side of Elmwood Road, north of Davenport Drive . • :, • 1,1 �INTRODUCTION People are Delta's most valuable asset. They are the factor that allows Delta Township to function as a government. This section of the Comprehensive Plan provides information about the population, housing, social and employment characteristics of the Township. By examining these factors a clear picture of the demographic conditions emerges. Understanding these conditions provides both a valuable insight into potential future conditions, as well as a basis for projecting future needs in housing and land use development. POPULATION Population Trends The historic population trends for Delta Township from 1970 to 2000 are illustrated in the following graph. The Township's population grew a total of 70.6 percent between 1970 and 2000, about 20 percent more than Eaton County's overall population growth during the same time period. The population growth in Delta Township was also much greater than the four township/two city area consisting of DeWitt Township, Delhi Township, Lansing Township, Meridian Township, Lansing City, East Lansing City, and the Tri-County Region. Figure 2-1 - Population Growth 450 ,000 400,000 350,000 ~~;_~~=~=--~ ,----------:--:--::c-=:::-::---~-- = « -----, +------------------< g 3oo,ooo 247,839 252,199 247 ,93 --.------1 ~ 250,000 +=2=28:..,_,4_:__4:...:6-=-=--lt-----i..... 1 ~ 200,000 +------------------< 150,000 + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ; -+- Delta Township - - - Eaton County ___...,_ 4 Twp/2 City Area ~ Tri-County 100,000 1 61~~ ====-===~t'-"""-~7 50 ,000 -t---;-:;-:, .,;;;;;2.:i--;c~-_ -_ ---,,.i:...,,. "" ::.,.,.J' ~-_ -'_-'..... . .... _.... _-_-_ --'_-.,,. ; ~ 0 +-----,----------.---~------; 1970 1980 1990 2000 Year SOURCE: 1970-2000 U.S. Census of Population; Gove Associates 2002 �Section .2 Social t'feafure1 Delta Township and Eaton County both experienced the most Township population grew 13.5% between l 990 and 2000. rapid growth between 1970 and 1 980 within the region. This growth continued during the 1 980s - however, at a much slower rate. Between 1 990 and 2000 the Township's population grew by 1 3.5 percent while the County's population grew by 11.6 percent. In 2000 the Township comprised nearly ·28.6 percent of the overall population in Eaton County. This translates to approximately 1.3 persons per acre, up from 0.77 persons/acre in 1970, when the Township was home to roughly 25 percent of the County population. It is expected that the proportion of the Township population 28.6% of overall population in the County County's population living in Delta Township will increase as will the Township's population density. TABLE 2-1 - DELTA TOWNSHIP POPULATION AS A PERCENTAGE OF EATON COUNTY AND DENSITY Proportion of Eaton County Population Density Acre SOURCE: 1970 - 2000 U.S. Census of Population; Gove Associates 2002 Table 2-2, using the data presented in Figure 2-1, shows that the rate of growth in Delta Township has been more pronounced than in the County over each of the past 1 0 year periods. TABLE 2-2 - HISTORIC POPULATION TRENDS PERCENT CHANGES Delta Township Eaton County SOURCE: 1970-2000 U.S. Census of Population; Gove Associates 2002 By using population projections developed by the Tri-County Regional Planning Commission, adjusting these numbers to reflect the 2000 Census and applying them to the 2000 Census population of Delta Township, a generalized picture of future population growth is presented in the following graph (Figure 2-2). �Sectionz Social ~tureJ It is estimated that between 2000 and 2020 a steady population growth of 1.15 percent annually, or 23. l percent, will occur for Eaton County. During the same period, it is projected that Delta Township will experience a population change of 22 percent or 1.1 percent per year, slightly lower than the County as a whole. Figure 2-2 - Projected Population Growth 140000 120000 C: 100000 0 :;::: 80000 RI '5 60000 Q. 0 40000 C. 20000 0 32 819 34 518 36,217 29 682 s:::i<:::i '1,'5 R:J~ '1,'5 ...,_<:::i '\,<:::, .....~ '\,<:::, ~ Delta Township - Eaton County n,<:::i '\,<:::, ~c,, f;:-c,, cl' Year SOURCE: 1990 and 2000 U.S. Census; Michigan Department of Management and Budget 1996; Gove Associates 2002 As a result of this steady increase in population there will be a need for additional housing, and business and industry for employment. With the increase in population, new businesses and industry, there will be a need for infrastructure improvements (roads, sanitary sewer, water service and storm drains for runoff). Periodic evaluation of school facilities and emergency services will be necessary to ensure adequate coverage for the growing population. Age Composition The needs and lifestyles of individuals differ among age groups, as do the demands for retail goods and services, and the need for public or institutional program changes within each age group. Table 2-3 shows the composition of the Township's population for 1990 and 2000 relative to Eaton County and the State as a whole. This information will be useful in later sections when the future of Delta Township is formulated. �Section .2 Social?=eafureJ According to Table 2-3, Delta Township experienced a decrease in the percentage of residents between the ages of 1 0 and 34 during the 1 990s. This was offset by an increase in the number of residents age 35 and over during the same period. This increase in older residents as a percentage of .,,. •••• • • • • • • • • : In 2000 the : •• median age •• • • : •• • • • • • • • • •••••• : was 38.4. total Township residents is reflected in the higher median Decrease in ages 10 to 34 during the 90s -- offset by increase of age of 38.4 in 2000 versus 34.9 in 1990. That is more than two years older than the County and nearly three years older than the State as a whole. Hence, the age distribution in Delta Township is generally older than the County and State as a whole. This pattern of an aging population represents the ongoing nation-wide trend of older populations, as members of the "baby boom" generation are beginning to reach retirement age. TABLE 2-3 - AGE DISTRIBUTION 1990-2000 .. - • • ~--· fW1il 1;:n., - ~l-· h'Jtt.. 11__:_.•11~Uri1) - ~ t t I rr:t=1iJ 6,622 6,500 7.5 6.8 7.1 7,438 8.0 6.3 7,354 7.1 7.4 7.5 7,229 7.8 8,132 7.8 7.1 7.5 8,054 7.8 7.5 7.2 - I t I fffl'il Under 5 Years % of Total 1,611 6.2 1,677 5.6 5-9 Years 1,814 6.9 1,802 6.1 1,725 6.6 2,009 1,876 7.2 2,099 7.1 7,179 1,801 6.9 2,018 6.8 6,206 6.7 6,349 6.1 7.5 6.5 % of Total 4,311 16.5 3,847 12.9 15,202 16.3 13,105 12.6 16.9 13.7 35-54 Years % of Total 8,059 30.8 9,286 31.3 26,562 28.6 32,752 31.6 25.3 29.9 55-64 Years 2,331 8.9 3,045 10.3 7,286 7.8 9,559 9.2 8.5 8.7 2,601 9.9 3,899 13.1 9,155 9.9 11,751 11.3 11.9 12.3 Total 26,129 29,682 92,879 100.0 100.0 Median Age 34.9 38.4 32.9 % of Total 10-14 Years % of Total 15-19 Years % of Total 20-24 Years % of Total 25-34 Years % of Total 65 + Years % of Total SOURCES: 6.7 7.7 1990-2000 U.S. Census, Gove Associates 2002 103,655 36.4 32.6 35.5 �Sec6on.2 Social ~tureJ 2005-2020 Gender and Age Distribution Graphs Figure 3 - 2005 Gender and Age Distribution Over 65 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 55 to 64 Cl) 35 to 54 C) <I: 25 to 34 'C C: ... 20 to 24 'C 15 to 19 (II Cl) C: Cl) (!) • Female • Male . 10 to 14 5 to 9 I Under 5 I 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 Population SOURCE: 1990-2000 U.S. Census, Michigan Department of Management and Budget 1996, Gove Associates, 2002. Figure 4 - 2010 Gender and Age Distribution Over 65 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 500 1000 55 to 64 Cl) 35 to 54 Cl <I: 25 to 34 "C C: ni ... 20 to 24 "C C: 15 to 19 Cl) Cl) c., • Female • Male . 10 to 14 5 to 9 Under 5 0 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 Population SOURCE: 1990-2000 U.S. Census, Michigan Department of Management and Budget 1996, Gove Associates, 2002. �Section 2 Social<feature1 Figure 5 - 2015 Gender and Age Distribution Over65 I I I I I I Ol < 25 to 34 I I I "C C: ca ca 20 to 24 I I I I I I I I I I 500 1000 55 to 64 QI 35 to 54 ... QI "C C: 15 to 19 <.!) 10 to 14 QI 5 to 9 • Female • Male . Under5 0 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 Population SOURCE: 1990-2000 U.S. Census, Michigan Department of Management and Budget 1996, Gove Associates, 2002. Figure 6 - 2020 Gender and Age Distribution Over65 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 500 1000 55 to 64 QI 35 to 54 Ol < 25 to 34 "C C: ...ca 20 to 24 "C C: 15 to 19 QI QI <.!) • Female • Male 10 to 14 5 to 9 Under 5 0 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 Population SOURCE: 1990-2000 U.S. Census, Michigan Department of Management and Budget 1996, Associates, 2002. �Secfion.2 Socia/~tum Using Michigan Department of Management and Budget population age projections for Eaton County and applying them to the 2000-2020 population projections from Figure 2-2, a generalized picture of future population distribution by age and gender for the Township can be obtained (see Figures 3 through 6). Table 2-4 presents the estimated age distribution projected to 2020, and indicates the continuing aging of Delta Township's population. The median age will increase from 38.4 in 2000 to an estimated 40.2 in 2020, with more females than males in all age groups over 25. .. • TABLE 2-4 - PROJECTED AGE DISTRIBUTION OF DELTA TOWNSHIP 2000-2020 ... . . ... • 1,~illi1 mim ~ I mvJ ~ 1,677 5.6 1,882 6.0 2,012 6.1 2,161 6.3 2,273 6.2 1,802 6.1 2,093 6.7 2,153 6.6 2,009 6.7 2,366 7.6 2,310 7.0 2,305 6.7 2.387 6.8 2,483 6.8 2,545 7.0 2,099 7.1 2,382 7.6 2,446 7.5 2,390 7.0 2,460 6.8 2,018 6.8 2,188 7.0 2,293 7.0 2,366 6.9 2,309 6.4 3,847 12.9 4,036 13.0 4,320 13.2 4,614 13.3 4,818 13.3 9,286 31.3 8,787 28.2 8,597 26.2 8,416 24.4 8,617 23.8 3,698 11.9 3,689 11.9 31,121 4,301 13.1 Total 3,045 10.3 3,899 13.1 29,682 4,387 13.4 32,819 4,493 13.0 5,398 15.6 34,518 4,330 11.9 6,381 17.6 36,216 Median Age 38.4 39.0 39.6 39.9 40.2 Under 5 Years % of Total 5-9 Years % of Total 10-14 Years % of Total 15-19 Years % of Total 20-24 Years % of Total 25-34 Years % of Total 35-54 Years % of Total 55-64 Years % of Total 65 + Years % of Total SOURCES: 1990-2000 U.S. Census, Michigan Department of Management and Budget, 1996, Gove Associates 2002 �Secfion .2 .Social~lures A decline in the 25-34 and 35-54 year age groups, along with an increase in the 55-64 and 65 and older groups, follows a national trend as the large baby boom generation of the 1950s and early 1960s continues to age. The distribution by gender indicates the proportion of males will decline slightly from about 48.1 percent in 2000 to 47.7 percent by 2020. This can be attributed to the fact that females typically live longer than males. As the population of Delta Township grows so does the diversity of its residents. In 1990 just over 90 percent of the population was white. As of 2000 this segment of the population is down to 85 percent with the non-white population identified as Black (increasing 3%) and Asian/Pacific Islanders (increasing 1.7%), comprising almost 11 percent of the Township's residents. TABLE 2-5 - RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUPS ~@ ~ White 24,170 90.1% 25,405 85.6% 1,316 5.0% 2,375 8.0% 92 0.4% 118 0.4% 241 0.9% 1n 2.6% Other Race 958 3.6% SOURCE: 1990 and 2000 Census, Gove Associates 2002 1,007 3.3% Black American Indian, Eskimo, Aleut Asian and Pacific Islander SYNOPSIS • The population of Delta Township has grown over the past 30 years at a pace greater than the County as a whole. • Population projections to the year 2020 indicate a slight reversal of this trend, with Delta Township growing just over 22 percent between 2000 and 2020, while Eaton County is expected to grow approximately 23 percent during the same period. • Age composition of Delta Township from 2000 and projected to 2020 indicates a continuing aging of the population, with the median age increasing from 38.4 to 40.2 during this period. �Secfion.2 Social ~eafureJ HOUSING Household Composition The number and type of households within the Township influence the social and economic dynamics, and consequently impact the quantity and character of land development. Households are the standard unit of measurement for evaluating and projecting the number of housing units, retail sales, and community facilities and services. Table 2-6 shows a decrease in the size of Delta Township, Eaton County, and Michigan households during the 1 990 to 2000 period. which was greater than the Between 1990 and 2000, the number of households in the Township increased at an annual rate of 2.5 percent,.---+-- average annual population growth during the 80s and 90s of 1.2 percent. This differentiation between household and population growth is a trend seen in many communities across Michigan and the nation, and is caused by a decrease in the number of individuals living in each household (average household size). Therefore, even while the population of a community increases slowly, stabilizes or declines, the number of households tends to increase. TABLE 2-6 - AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD SIZE 1990 - 2000 Delta Township Eaton County 2.52 2.69 2.33 2.54 Michigan 2.66 2.56 SOURCE: 1990 & 2000 U.S. Census; Gove Associates 2002 -0.19 -0.1S -0.1 -7.S3 -S.S7 -3.7S The composition of a household depends upon the number of people living within a residence as well as the relationship between residents. A household may consist of a married couple with or without children, a single parent with children, two or more unrelated people living in a dwelling and sharing household responsibilities, or a person living alone. Table 2-7 depicts the composition of households in Delta Township in 1980, 1990, and 2000, reflecting a number of characteristics and trends to consider in planning for the future. Although the number of households has increased between the three periods, the number of traditional two-parent family households (households �Section 2 Social ~eatum comprised of a family with a husband and wife) has proportionally decreased from 88.8 percent in l 980 to 81 .0 percent in 2000. The number of married couple families with children under l 8 has dropped approximately 15 percent, from 55.7 percent in 1980 to 40.8 percent in 2000. This is likely related to the maturing of the population and, therefore, the maturing of family households. The years between 1980 and 2000 also saw an increase in the number of households headed by a female, growing from 8.6 percent of family households in 1980 to 9.4 percent of family households in 2000. Nonfamily households (households consisting of persons living alone or unrelated persons living together) also grew in number between 1980 and 2000, with the majority being single persons. TABLE 2-7 - HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION .: . l!MihJ1, •.1..,.,•• i;~.1~!J _.. .. •• t ffir!E 8,691 10,757 13,112 Number of Households/Occupied Units 8,347 10,250 12,559 Family Households 6,213 7,210 8,075 74.4 70.3 64.3 Married Couples 5,518 6,088 6,545 % of Families 88.8 84.4 81.0 3,074 2,643 2,671 SS.7 43.4 40.8 S40 873 1,117 8.6 12.1 9.4 348 S6S 717 64.4 64.7 60.S 2,134 3,752 4,484 2,134 2,495 3,697 388 669 1,136 18.1 17.8 25.3 Total Units % of Total Households With Children Under 18 % of Married Couple Families Female Head of Household % of Families With Children Under l 8 % of Female Household Families Nonfamily Households One Person 65 and Older % of Nonfamily SOURCE: l 980/1990/2000 U.S. Census of Population; Gove Associates 2002 �Secfion .2 .Social~fum Housing Occupancy Between 1980 and 2000, there was an increase of 4,421 units within Delta Township's housing stock, representing a 50.9 percent increase. Table 2 - 8 presents the Township's total units in owner- and renter-occupied housing between 1980 and 2000. The Township experienced a slight decrease in owner-occupied housing units between 1 980 and 2000, declining from 66.8 percent to 64.3 percent. In many communities this can be somewhat of a negative trend, as residents who own their own homes create a more stable community, one where residents have a vested interest in their community's future. Delta Township, however, is unique and this generalization may not necessarily hold true. Seniors or empty nesters occupy a number of Delta Township' s rental units with ties to the community. These individuals do have a vested interest in the community but likely prefer to rent to be free from upkeep and maintenance or they may go south during the winter months. Seniors occupying rental housing often wish to remain in the community because of their children, life-long friends or an association with a church or familiarity with businesses and services. TABLE 2-8 - HOUSING UNITS 1980 - 2000 w• ,U:,.._-••• mm)_ Total Units Occupied Units (Year-Round) ~l=:I· ~ 10,757 13,112 50.1 8,347 10,250 12,559 50.4 96.0 95.2 95.8 -0.2 5,578 6,849 8,071 44.6 66.8 66.8 64.3 -2.5 2,769 3,401 4,488 62.1 33.2 33.2 35.7 +2.5 % of Occupied Renter-Occupied Units '~ 8,691 % of Total Owner-Occupied Units ·~, % of Occupied SOURCE: 1980/1990/2000 U.S. Census of Housing & Social Characteristics; Gove Associates 2002 Household Projection To accommodate the projected 22 percent (6,534 persons) increase in population within the Township and the increasing number of new households (a result of the combination of households migrating into the Township and the continued decline in household size), new housing units will need to be constructed. The estimated number of new housing units needed is based on population projections, and projected average household size. �Section :z Socia{ ~ture1 Delta Township can expect as many as 3,366 additional households/occupied units by 2020, an increase of 26.8 percent over the 12,559 households in the Township in 2000. TABLE 2-9 - DELTA TOWNSHIP PROJECTED POPULATION, HOUSEHOLD SIZE AND NEW HOUSEHOLDS Population 29,682 31,121 32,819 34,518 36,216 +6,534 2.33 2.31* 2.27* 2.25* 2.24* -0.09 12,559 13,294 14,259 15,121 15,925 +735 +965 +862 +804 Average Persons per Household Households/ Occupied Units 5-Year Change *Projected household size based upon Delta Township as proportion of projected national trends in household size. SOURCE: Gove Associates 2002 Age and Value of Housing The quality and cultural significance of a community's housing stock are affected by its age. According to Table 2-10 approximately 64 percent of the Township's housing stock has been constructed since 1 970. The 1,802 dwelling units built between 1990-2000 remaining 36 percent were built prior to 1970, with over 28 percent built between 1950 and 1969. TABLE 2-10 - AGE OF HOUSING STOCK BY YEAR BUILT 1939 or earlier 1940-1949 1950-1959 1960-1969 1970-1979 1980-1989 1990-2000 533 328 1,028 2,615 3,402 2,851 1,802* 4.2 2.6 8.1 20.8 27.0 22.7 14.3 *Estimated from Township records 1990-11 /30/99 SOURCE: 1990 U.S. Census of Population; Gove Associates 2002 +3,366 �Section.2 Socia/~tum Table 2-11 presents the median market value of owner-occupied housing in both Delta Township and Eaton County for 1990 and 2000. The median market value of owner-occupied homes is another good indicator of both housing quality and demand. In 1990, the median housing value of a home in Delta Township was 29.4 percent higher than the median value in the County. TABLE 2-11- MEDIAN OWNER-OCCUPIED HOUSING VALUE 1990 - ••• Delta Township $88,300 $133,800 +S1.S Eaton County $68,200 $113,700 +66.7 SOURCE: 1990, 2000 U.S. Census of Housing; Gove Associates 2002 By 2000, this proportion was dramatically lower, but there was still a significant differential of 17.6 percent between the Township and the County. This reflects, to some degree, a continued demand for housing in the Township that has been relatively greater than in other adjacent jurisdictions. Rental housing can be a significant contributor to the perception of housing quality in a community. Table 2-12 highlights the median monthly contract rent paid in the Township and County in 1990 and 2000. Contract rent (rent paid for the unit excluding utilities) is an indicator of the quality, as well as the characteristics of supply and demand, for rental units. TABLE 2- 1 2 - MEDIAN MONTHLY GROSS CONTRACT RENT Delta Township $444 $621 +39.8 Eaton County $376 $S69 +51.3 SOURCE: 1990, 2000 U.S. Census of Housing; Gove Associates 2002 According to Table 2-12, the median monthly contract rent rate in the Township is generally higher than rents found within the County as a whole. However, the percent change in rent between 1990 and 2000 indicates that the rents charged in other jurisdictions in the County are approaching the rental rates that can be obtained in the Township. In 1990, rent paid for housing in the County was nearly 18 percent lower than in Delta Township. By 2000, that differential was cut nearly in half. �Sectionz Social~lures SYNOPSIS • Housing in Delta Township grew at an annual rate greater than the average annual rate of population growth. • Decreasing household size continues to be a national trend, which impacts a continuing need for housing in Delta Township . .!. The U.S. Census reports approximately 4,653 units were built in the Township between 1 980 and 2000. • The Median market value of owner-occupied housing in Delta Township grew by 51 .5 percent between 1 990 and 2000. This was lower than Eaton County's 66.7 percent increase in market value over the same period. • Rental housing is increasing slightly as a proportion of the Township's total housing stock. EDUCATION AND ECONOMICS Education and Employment Among the factors that define the ability of an individual or a household to be financially productive and contribute to the quality of life in their community are formal education and occupation. Typically, a person's employment is related to the level of formal education achieved. Table 2-13 depicts the educational attainment of Delta Township and Eaton County residents in 2000, along with the State as a whole. Educational attainment in Delta Township in 2000, as illustrated in Table 2-13, shows a significantly higher proportion of Township residents have some college or have a degree than County residents in general. More than 33 percent of the Township's population has a Bachelors Degree or better; compared to 21.7 percent in the County and 21.8 percent for the State as a whole. 33% of the Township's residents have Bachelors Degrees or better �Section.2 .Social~tum TABLE 2-13 - EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT - PERSONS 25 YEARS AND OLDER AS OF 2000 CENSUS - --r r•• - u • u 71:trm:1 II • • f.!.1u• - 11;.re'I ~rr.---.1y~.._,l•O • ~ 1~-:-rril ~ ,.... ...... -,-. "''"'·-·· ..... Less than 9th Grode 1.6% 2.7% 3.2% 4.7% 9 - 1 2 Grode/No Diploma 5.2% 7.8% 7.8% 11.9% High School Graduate 21.1 o/o 30.4% 21.8% 31.3% Some College or Associate Degree 38.5% 37.5% 34.8% 30.3% Bachelors Degree 22.7% 14.8% 15.7% 13.7% Graduate/Professional Degree 11.0% 6.9% 9.5% 8.1% SOURCE: 2000 U.S. Census of Population - Tobie DP-2 Profile of Selected Social Characteristics; Gove Associates 2002 The higher a person's educational level, the more likely they are to be employed in a higher paying professional industry such as the Finance, Insurance, Real Estate (F.I.R.E) or Public Administration. Table 2-14 compares the number of Delta Township, Eaton County, and Tri-County residents employed by industry sectors for l 990 and 2000. �Secfion Z Social ~tureJ .. .-... TABLE 2-14 - EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY BY PLACE OF RESIDENCE .....!.!.I .. - ..... - . ••• fffli'l ... 505 651 3,726 3,798 3.4 4.0 11.9 7.1 7.3 7.5 Manufacturing (durable and nondurable) % of Total 2,340 1,796 3,067 9,736 26,190 30,085 15.9 11.0 9.8 18.2 13.1 15.1 Transportation and Public Utility % of Total 520 3.5 883 3.4 608 1.9 3,139 5.9 8,426 4.2 29,309 5.7 Wholesale Trade % of Total 608 4.1 435 2.7 1,999 6.4 1,513 2.8 7,114 3.5 6,519 3.0 % of Total 2,424 16.5 1,883 11.6 6,103 19.5 6,213 11.6 36,751 18.3 25,266 11.0 Fire, Insurance, Real Estate (F.I.R.E) % of Total 1,450 9.8 1,623 10.0 2,391 7.6 3,870 7.2 12,736 6.4 15,375 6.8 Service 4,739 32.2 6,812 41.8 7,820 25.0 19,616 36.7 73,060 % of Total 36.S 101,912 40.8 Government/Public Administration % of Total 2,132 14.5 2,211 13.6 5,568 17.8 S,557 10.4 21,523 10.7 21,484 9.9 14,718 100 16,288 100 31,282 100 53,442 100 200,396 100.0 245,103 100.0 ••• , I·. - IL.-, fffii) • &• Agricultural, Forestry, Fishing, Construction and Mining % of Total Retail Trade TOTAL* % of Total - ll91e'l • h~i[fJ ~ 14,596 - ••• 15,153 * Employed persons over 16 SOURCE: 1990, 2000 U.S. Census, Gove Associates 2003 In 1990, employment in the F.I.R.E sector consisted of 9 .8 percent of all residents employed in the Township - over two percent higher than in the County as a whole. By 2000, this number increased by only 0.2 percent to 1 0.0 percent in the Township and decreased 0.4 percent for the County. These jobs represent a more financially healthy and well-educated community population base than reflected in the County overa II. 11 �Section.2 Social ~ture1 The greatest proportion (nearly 42 percent) of the Township's population is employed in the service sector, which tends to provide 42% of Township population working in service industries relatively lower paying entry-level jobs not requiring higher levels of education. Considering nearly 70 percent of the Township's population over the age of 25 has "some college" education or higher, many of these jobs are probably held by teenagers. Employment in the agricultural, forestry, fishing, mining and construction related industries accounted for only 4.0 percent of Delta Township's work force in 2000. This is significantly fewer than the County (7.1 %) and is reflective of the more urban-based land uses of Delta Township and its close proximity to the City of Lansing. Location of Employment Beyond the type of work residents do, the location of employment also contributes to the character of the Township. Table 2-15 shows the number and proportion of employed residents who work either within Delta Township (16.8%) or outside the Township (82.1 %). TABLE 2-15 - GENERAL LOCATIONS OF EMPLOYMENT FOR DELTA TOWNSHIP RESIDENTS - 1990 Employed in Township 1,480 16.8 Employed in Remainder of Region 7,209 82.1 Worked Outside of Re ion 85 1 SOURCE: 1990 U.S. Census of Population and Housing - STF3A; Gove Associates 2002 �Section.2 .Socialt'feafures Travel time to work is important for anyone looking to locate within the Township. It is also used as a broad indication of employment location. Table 2- l 6 lists the .lb-l'b..,: travel times to work for Delta Township residents. TABLE 2-16 - TRAVEL TIMES TO WORK - 1990 11•1•••'•1. ~ flJ 551 2,243 3,459 3,163 2,509 564 660 87 136 260 351 232 344 r• Less than 5 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 ~ tilfLGmJ .res.iu;, :s}/4' c. ~ts $.ft/ /.9 11, • -ute Jo ~.Outes o.r /ess 3.8 15.3 23.8 21.7 17.2 3.9 4.5 0.6 0.9 1.8 2.4 1.6 2.4 45-59 60-89 90 or Greater Work at Home SOURCE: 1990 U.S. Census of Population; Gove Associates 2002 Given the limited public transit available in the Township, the vast majority of trips to and from work are made in private vehicles. According to Table 2- l 6, approximately 65 percent of Delta Township residents commute to work in 19 minutes or less. At an average travel speed of 45 mph, that reflects a driving distance of about 14 miles. This indicates that most of the residents who reside in the Township have jobs in neighboring cities and townships, most likely in the cities of Lansing, East Lansing, or the MSU campus. Income Household income is an important measure of the economic well being of Delta Township, and helps to determine the quality and quantity of retail goods and services purchased both within the Township and surrounding areas. Table 2-17 lists the median household income for the Township and Eaton County, Household income is higher in the Township than the County and indicates that household income in the Township is significantly higher than the County as a whole. The increase in median household income between l 990 and 2000 in Eaton County was more than 38 percent while the median household income for Delta Township increased 23 percent. Delta Township Eaton County 42,727 35,734 52,711 49,588 +23.3 +38.7 SOURCE: 1980/ 1990 U.S. Census of Population; Gove Associates 2002 �Secfionz .Social~tum Table 2-18 identifies the median household incomes for Delta Township, Eaton County and the Tri-County area between 1990 and 2000. It is estimated that the increase in Delta Township's median household income will continue, however at a rate slower than the County as a whole and the Tri-County area. Delta Township's median household income grew by more than 20 percent between 1990 and 2000, while Eaton County saw an increase of more than 38 percent during the same period. TABLE 2-18 - MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOMES, 1990/2000 ••• Delta Township 42,727 52,711 23.3 Eaton County 35,734 49,588 38.7 Tri-County 34,025 47,722 40.2 SOURCE: 1990 - 2000 U.S. Census of Population, Gove Associates 2002 Property Values The components of State Equalized Values (SEY) within Delta Township, as well as in nearby Townships, are depicted in the graph below. Each year the Township is required to report the total assessed values for each class of property to the County and State. Figure 2-7 - 2002 Components of State Equalized Values 90 .00 80 .00 a, l{) co r-- c:i 0:, N 70.00 a; l{) 60.00 • Agricultural • Commercial i:Cl) 50.00 ~ Cl) 0. 40.00 30.00 r-- D Industrial D Residential c:i "' l{) 20 .00 10.00 0.00 Delta Dewitt Delhi Lansing Governmental Unit *Eaton County data 2001 Meridian Eaton County* �Secfion .2 Social ~tures The bar chart above illustrates that in 2002 nearly 60 percent of the Township's total assessment was within the residential class followed by commercial at just over 30 percent. Industrial property accounted for more than 1 0 percent of that total while agricultural consisted of less than 1 percent. This distribution in assessed values when compared to other Townships in the area or to the County, as a whole, indicates that Delta Township has a more diverse tax base than most urbanized jurisdictions within the greater Lansing area. SYNOPSIS • Delta Township has a relatively educated populace and a healthy income base. • Employment statistics indicate a higher percentage of Township professionals employed in the Financial, Insurance and Real Estate sectors than in the overall County, indicating an equally higher income level due to these better paying professions. • Median household income in Delta Township was significantly higher than Eaton County during the decade of the 1 980s, and it is estimated that this trend continued through the year 2000. • Delta Township has a more diverse property tax base than comparable communities in the greater Lansing area. �Secfion.s 'F.pmnq .£.anti1/Je INTRODUCTION An existing land use inventory is a necessary first step in planning for the future of Delta Township. An Existing Land Use Map has been prepared which depicts the existing distribution and location of land uses. The Existing Land Use Map, based upon a Land Use Map developed by the Land Information Access Association in 1992, was reviewed and updated by the Township Planning Staff in the Spring of 2002. LAND USE CLASSIFICATIONS Residential - An area in which dwellings with their accessory buildings occupy the major portion of the land: Single-Family Residential (the most dominant housing type) Single-Family Residential refers to one detached dwelling unit on a single parcel. Most units considered single-family are built on foundations or basements using traditional on-site building methods. Two-Family Residential These are typically attached (duplex) dwelling units or condominium units on a single parcel. Similar to the single-family units, these units are built on foundations or basements using traditional building methods. Multiple-Family Residential Multiple-Family Residential refers to residential structures containing more than two dwelling units. The most typical form of Multiple-Family Residential housing is apartment buildings, two stores or more in height. Manufactured Housing Manufactured housing represents factory-built, single-family structures that meet the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Code. Manufactured housing communities meet the design and building code requirements of the State of Michigan. Manufactured housing is typically a unit on an individual lot, similar to detached housing built on a foundation under the building codes adopted by Delta Township. Commercial - An area where goods are distributed or retail services are provided. This category includes structures, adjacent land and parking areas dedicated for the use of employees and customers. �Section3 'F.p1tin !Anrl 1./Je Office/Medical - An area or facility used for the treatment of health needs and services or the provision of personal or business services. This subcategory includes structures, adjacent land and parking areas dedicated for the use of employees and customers. Institutional - An area or facility used by the Township, Public Utility, County, School District, religions, nonprofit, or State agency to meet the needs of the community. This includes Township offices, schools, and public meeting spaces, public parking lots and other public uses. Institutional also includes land uses often deemed: Quasi-Public - An area or facility used by a limited number of persons with particular interests and nonprofit organizations, such as churches, day care centers, private schools, private clubs and related activities. Public Utility - An area or facility not generally accessible to the public but used to provide services to the community, such as water towers, wastewater treatment areas and water pumping stations. Cemetery - An area used for the burial and memorial of the deceased. Facilities for memorial services may also exist on the site. Industrial - An area where raw or unfinished materials or commodities are used to produce a product or service. This can also include wholesale business activities and warehousing. Agriculture - This category may consist of croplands, permanent pasture or orchards. Parks, Recreation, Golf Course - An area or facility used for recreational activities (public or private). This category includes structures, adjacent land and parking areas dedicated for the use of employees and customers. Wetlands - Areas that are wetlands include marshes, swamps and related land, which are transitional areas between water masses and upland areas. Woodlands - Areas that are covered with deciduous and coniferous species of trees or shrubs. Lands in this category consist of both suitable and unsuitable areas for development. �Section3 ':Ep1tin .£.anti1./Je Vacant Land - This category includes land that has not been developed as well as areas that cannot be placed in the other categories noted above. Undeveloped and/or vacant land may or may not be suitable for development. This category includes abandoned agricultural fields and flood plains. LAND USE DISTRIBUTION The following describes the existing land use distribution in Delta Township. Table 3- l and the accompanying Existing Land Use Map (page 48) supplements this text providing land use distribution data with graphic representation. General Existing Land Use Description In 2002 the character of Delta Township's land use is defined by urbanizing residential development, commercial development and a strong industrial presence. There are a number of other less prominent Predominate Township Land UseUrbanizing Residential Commercial and Strong Industrial land uses that include agricultural activity and transportation rights-ofway. Predominant natural land cover includes open woodlands, wetlands, rivers, streams and small ponds. space/vacant lands, Undeveloped open space and wooded areas make up nearly 20 percent (4,378 acres) of the Township's existing land area, with agriculture accounting for 20. l percent (4,632 acres), and rivers/wetlands 4.4 percent (1,021 acres). Combined, these natural resource areas account for over 23.4 percent of the Township's geographic area. TABLE 3-1 - EXISTING LAND USE AND NATURAL RESOURCE LAND COVER- 2002 Land Use Type Existing Acreage % of Total Acreage Single-Family Residential Two-Family Residential Multiple-Family Residential Manufactured Home Park Commercial Office Institutional Industrial / Utility Cemetery Parks, Recreational (inc. golf courses) Agriculture Transportation Rights-of-way Woodlands Open Space/ Vacant Water/ River/ Wetlands Total Acreage SOURCE: Gove Associates 2002 5,582 78 571 38 643 281 435 1,644 47 1,042 4,632 2,716 2,214 2,164 1,021 23,096 24.2 0.3 2.5 0.1 2.8 1.2 1.9 7.1 0.2 4.5 20.1 11.8 9.6 9.4 4.4 100.00 �Seclion3 ~slin /!.anti 1/Je Agricultural - Ag ricultura I land uses account for 4,632 acres in the Township. The majority of the farmland within the Township is located west of Interstate 96 and south of St. Joseph Highway. As is common in most suburban communities, family farms, particularly those operated as full-time farms, are declining within the Township. Overall, land devoted to active agriculture has steadily decreased over the past several decades. As development pressures increase, the capacity to sustain large areas of agriculture becomes more difficult. Residential - Residential uses of all types, including single-family, two-family and multiple-family housing along with manufactured homes, accounts for 6,257 acres in Delta Township, for an average gross density of 2.09 units per acre (or an average of 0.4 acres for each unit). The Existing Land Use map graphically displays the dispersion of residential land use within Delta Township. Heavy = ~ = - ; ::;;.-J',,.-----------;--c;;z""""';a concentrations of residential development can be found in the northeast and northwest quadrants of the Township, with the heaviest concentrations in sections 1 through 8, 1 0 through 15, 17, 19 through 21, 23 and 24. ~. ~- --~- ~i:s-t~~(;f ~~~~/~ 4,""""'3"~ 41·~~ The distribution of residential land use by type of unit shows single-family homes are spread throughout the Township while other residential land uses are more concentrated. Within the Township two-family residential units occupy approximately 78 acres. Two-family housing is concentrated in the northeast quadrant of the Township particularly in sections 1 0, 11, 14 through 1 6 and 24. Multiple-family housing units within the Township occupy 571 acres. Again these units are concentrated in the northeast quadrant of the Township, especially in sections 10 through 15 and 22 through 24. While a number of manufactured homes may be found in the Township on individual lots they are generally considered single-family homes. Within the Township there is one manufactured home community (230 sites) occupying 38 acres and it is located on N. Canal Road in section 16. �Secfion3 'Ep1fin /!.anti 1JJB The balance of the single-family residential development is located in linear configurations along the major roads in the Township. Such perimeter development, while common in many rural areas, is not considered the most efficient approach to land utilization. Michigan's Subdivision Control Act, which was subsequently amended by the Land Division Act, facilitated splitting larger parcels into smaller lots along roadways. There are negative impacts that result from these corridor developments. Because lots are developed along County roads, which are in effect perimeter roads surrounding full sections, the interior portions of the sections are typically not used, or if they are actively farmed, the potential for residential/ agricultural conflicts is enhanced. That is more likely to occur as the number of houses along the perimeter roadway increases. As perimeter lots develop, the preservation of the rural landscape becomes more difficult, in effect changing the visual character of the Township. In addition, each developed lot requires at least one driveway. As the number of lots and houses increase, so does the number of driveways. Over time, the propensity for vehicular accidents will increase. This type of development is predominant in the southwestern quadrant of the Township in sections 18 through 20, and 29 through 31. Table 2-8 (page 29) shows that the number of housing units has increased by 4,421 (50%) since l 980. While the number of housing units has steadily increased, the overall acreage for those units has increased at a much greater rate. Table 3-2 (page 47) shows residential land uses have increased l 07 percent since l 972 and 69 percent since 1984. When compared to the increase in total housing units over the past 20 years, the land allocated to residential development has increased at an accelerated rate. This is likely due to larger residential parcels, possibly aided by large-lot zoning standards. Commercial - Commercial uses cover 643 acres of the Township representing 2.8 percent of the Township's developed land area. .l .... .. ... -.: Commercial land uses are generally concentrated along Saginaw Highway and the Interstate 496 interchanges in sections 9, 16, 22, and 24. Commercial development is also found in sections 23, 25, 35, and 36. Commercial uses along Saginaw �Section3 ~Jtinq f.anrl 1/Je serve not only Delta Township residents but also the regional population. The commercial uses consist of a mix of a large indoor mall, small convenience retail, large big box regional retail, highway services/retail, hotels and restaurants. Township residents do their convenience shopping in the Lansing area. Since many residents commute to work in Lansing, it is likely that a substantial amount of shopping for convenience goods is done there. Comparison shopping (appliances, clothing, sporting goods, etc.) is available in the large shopping areas in the Greater Lansing Area. Most of the stores in these larger commercial centers are within a 15 to 30 minute drive from Delta Township. Industrial / Utility - Industrial development and utility land uses have been neatly concentrated in the southeast quadrant of the Township, generally south of Mt. Hope Highway and east of Interstate 96, with the exception of the General Motors Manufacturing Complex located in sections 32 and 33. In all, more than 1,644 acres are devoted to a variety of industrial uses in addition to warehouse, Industrial/utility land uses are concentrated in the southeast quadrant of the Township storage and distribution facilities. Erickson Power Plant, operated by the Lansing Board of Water and Light, is also located on an industrial parcel. Built in 1973, the plant operates a single coal fired generator producing 159 MW of electricity to serve industrial, commercial and residential customers. Institutional/Cemetery - The areas defined as institutional include buildings and structures that are under the ownership and jurisdiction of public and quasi-public entities. These land uses occupy over 435 acres or almost 1. 9 percent of the Township's geographic area. The institutional lands consist primarily of schools, churches, municipal offices and Township support facilities such as police and fire. These facilities are located throughout the Township typically north of Interstate 496 and Saginaw Highway. There are two cemeteries within the Township - Delta Center located on St. Joe Highway east of Canal Road, and Delta Hillside, on Delta River Drive east of Webster Street, occupying approximately 20 acres. The Parks, Recreation and Cemeteries Department operates and maintains these �SectionJ ~iJtinq .!!Anti1.he cemeteries. The Deepdale Cemetery, a private facility, is located at the southeast corner of the old Lansing Road/Waverly Road intersection. Recreational Existing land uses classified as parks or recreational areas consist of both Township maintained parks and privately operated golf courses or recreation areas. Parks and recreation areas cover 1,042 acres, or 4.6 percent of the Township. Of this, Delta Township Porks 681 acres are under the supervision of the Delta Township Parks, Recreation and Cemeteries Department. Of that, 317 acres are for utilized active recreation programming, while 364 acres are undeveloped or woodlands. In addition to the public parks, the private recreational land uses in the Township include a golf course and several nature preserves (Large Map on Page 17). Wetlands and Wetlands occupy 61 0 acres Water Areas approximately (2.6%) of Delta Township's land area. Water areas, including small creeks, account ponds, rivers and for another 4l2 acres ( l .7%) of the Township's total existing land area. The Grand River is the largest single body of water within the Township and encompasses 348 acres. The Grand River stretches more than l 0 miles in the northern and southeastern portions of the Township and represents perhaps the greatest natural resource of the Township. Two tributaries (Carrier Creek and Miller Creek) feed the Grand River. Carrier Creek is located east of Interstate 96 and flows from the south to the north through sections 27, 22, 15, l O and 3. Miller Creek also flows from south to north through sections 17, 8 and 5, draining the western portion of the Township. �Sec£ion3 ~1fin fAnrl 1/Je SUMMARY Delta Township has an area of approximately 23,096 acres, of which approximately 23 percent is classified natural resources as undeveloped land (Woodlands and Open Space), agricultural and vacant lands. The following graphs highlight the distribution of the major existing land uses by acreage and percentage, as identified on the Township's Existing Land Use Map. Graph l - Existing Land Use In Acres 6,000 - 5,000 - 4,000 1/) ... Cl) CJ 3,000 ci: 2,000 - - 1,000 0 n nn n - -- - - ,..... C: I- 0 ·..:: :::) ..c I- t; 0 n 11 ·.: (I) "' ::::> ""O C 0 -' 0) C ~ ·;;:"' w Graph 2 - Existing Land Use in Percent 30 25 c e - 20 Cl) 15 - Cl) C.. 10 5 0 1-- n n ..., n 11 11 - ..., As Graphs l and 2 illustrate, the predominant use of the Township's developed land is single-family residential. Industrial and utility uses also occupy a significant portion of land. These types of development have a tendency to take up large tracts, which will ultimately impact the amount of undeveloped land within the �Secfion3 'Epsfin .f.anrl1/Je Township. The Future Land Use section will designate the most appropriate locations for future development and recommend development patterns that will help to mitigate those negative impacts. Tab le 3-2 provides a comparison of land uses for the 1972 to 2002 period. Unfortunately all land uses are not represented for all years. However, the information provided in Table 3-2 illustrates the long-term decline in the amount of agricultural and vacant land and the corresponding increase in the developed land categories such as residential, commercial and industrial. TABLE 3-2 - DELTA TOWNSHIP LAND USES - 1972, 1984 AND 2002 Land Use Type Residential Single-Family Multiple-Family 1972 1984 2002 % CHANGE Acreage/% Acreage/% Acreage/% 1972-2002 2,961 / 12.3% 3,640 / 16.1% 6,153 / 27.4% +107 2,878 / 12% 3,389 / 1s% 5,582 / 24.9% +94% 83 / 0.3% 251 / 1.1 % 571 / 2.5% +588% N/A 97 /0.4% 281 / 1.3% +189%* 444 I 1.9% 643 / 2.9% +204% 644 I 2.8% 1,644 / 7.3% +155%* Office Commercial 211 / 0.9% Industrial N/A Agriculture N/A 1,112 I 34% 4,632 / 20.1% -40%* Vacant Land N/A 6,165 / 27% 2,164 / 9.7% -65%* N/A = Not Available *= % comparisons for 1984 to 2002 SOURCE: Gove Associates, Inc. 2002, Delta Township Planning Department �Map 3-1 2002 Existing Land Use Delta Tovmship. Eaton County Michigan Lectend ;_l~lw;ay_:/ti::!l:: Single Famit,- Residential r,lultiple Famit; Residential !& I ,£j"~J • • • "t;; Tv,,•o Family· Resid;mtial Manufactured Home Park • Utility 111111 Highway_i Railroad R1g ht of ~Vay • • Comm1:rcial Cemeter,, Parks and Recreation Area Agricultura I Offi-:e • Institutional ~ Vacant ~\'oodlands Industrial a::"' 0 C 0 .; >, 0 a:: I Davis Hlslr@:t_ " miles -· ·,J •:-;+E 5 0 O:w~.~J~il:~•~· 1-l• ·•=x..11 .. xue•J :,i;o,1,...:., iOUFCE Llndl-'; m.thon:..O nsa~,;, 1tion :•eH.ilo-'!.~_.,,.~.:,:,:, E �Section4 Communi 9n ut PUBLIC PARTICIPATION Delta Township has utilized several avenues to involve residents in the development of this Master Plan. Public participation included the distribution of a community opinion survey, open public workshops, public meetings and public hearings. In December of 200 l nearly l 0,000 community opinion surveys were distributed to Township residents in the Delta Magazine, a quarterly publication mailed to all housing units in the Township. Surveys were also made available to residents at the public library and online at the Delta Township website (www.deltami.gov). The goal of the survey was to assess community attitudes relating to current issues and concerns regarding future development within Delta Township. The information collected was used in the development of this master plan in order to assist the township in meeting the needs and desires of community residents. Nearly 700 surveys, or seven percent, were collected and tabulated. This is a relatively good response, providing statistical validity to the survey. A public workshop meeting was held at the Delta Township Hall on April 24, 2002. Participants identified their general "likes and dislikes" of the Community and provided specific input regarding residential, commercial, and industrial land uses. SURVEY OVERVIEW The Survey (Appendix B) provided the respondents the opportunity to rate various issues and statements by multiple choice. The respondents could choose from multiple-choice responses ranging from "Not a Problem" to "Serious Problem," "Excellent" to "Very Poor," and "Strongly Agree" to "Strongly Disagree." Respondents were also asked to provide opinions in their words on some open-ended questions. They identified, from a list of l 0 issues, five they felt were the most important. In addition, they provided information about the characteristics of their household. An analysis of the survey responses follows: own �Section4 Communi CONDITIONS - An analysis of the survey results identified the percentage of the responses for each multiple-choice question. Overall the community felt conditions within the Township were "Good" or "Excellent." Of the l 6 conditions presented, the greatest percentage of the respondents ranked 13 of the 16 conditions within the Township as "Good." These conditions were: 68% stated the general quality of life in the Township is good quality of drinking water storm drainage police protection fire protection ambulance services zoning enforcement building code enforcement recycling service cable service blight /junk enforcement ambulance/EMT service district library facility and service park facilities and programs The majority of the respondents stated road maintenance was fair and most had "no opinion" about private well drinking water and the public bus service. TOP FIVE CONDITIONS WITHIN DELTA TOWNSHIP 70 70 60 60 ~ 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 _ _ _ n _ 0 >, 0. ~ 0 z C: .;; .!!! <.> >< w ... 0 0 (!) 1.1n ... 'iii LL ... 0 0 0.. ~• - • ... 0 0 D.. 2:- -!t .1_nl C: 0 c a. 0 0 z 10 0 • • • D • Police protection Fire protection General Quality of life In the Township Park faclllties and programs Olstrlct llbrary faclltly and services �Secfion4 Communi 9n ut ISSUES - The survey presented 1 0 issues relating to the environment, traffic and infrastructure in a multiple-choice format. The respondents were asked to rank whether these issues were "Not a Problem" to a "Serious Problem" within the Township. The issues identified as "Serious Problems" within the Township included: Traffic volumes on W. Saginaw are a serious problem to most respondents division of farmland for residential development in the Township, amount of open space in the Township, traffic volumes on West Saginaw, traffic speeds on Township roads. The appearance of West Saginaw and traffic volumes in residential areas were identified as moderate problems. The protection of groundwater was listed as a possible problem. The amount of wetlands and the availability of sidewalks were identified as "not a problem." The chart below identifies the five issues receiving the greatest percentage of responses. TOP FIVE ISSUES WITHIN DELTA TOWNSHIP 60 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 - - 10 0 II II • - • n• I >, 0.. e0 z 10 E "' :0 e 0. 0"' z . er.. E :0 0 :0 ~ U) 0 0. l _ln. ... . E :0 :0 "E er. 0. er. 0 0 :E .!!' <i5 E . E :0 C: 0 e 0 ~... .g 0 en "D :ii: U) :::, CD ci. 0 z 0 • • • 0 • Division offarml and fo r residential development in the Townshi Traffic volume on W , Saginaw Avallabillty of sidewalks Appea r ance of West Saginaw corridor Traffic vo lumes in resi dential areas �Section4 Communi FUTURE ISSUES AND CONCERNS - A series of 28 statements were presented covering a variety of future issues and concerns relating to development, housing, transportation, parks and recreation facilities, the environment, and government/planning issues. The statements were presented in a multiple-choice format allowing respondents to identify how they felt about the statement ranging from "Strongly Agree" to" Strongly Disagree." Development Several statements concerning the development of industry, commercial areas, infrastructure, housing and park facilities were presented. The bulk of responses received regarding future development in the Township either "Strongly Agree," "Agree" or are "Neutral" to the statement. Respondents (45.7%) "Strongly Agree" singlefamily housing should be encouraged The statement "Single-family housing should be encouraged in the Township" is the only statement the majority of the respondents "Strongly Agree" with at 45.7 percent. Issues for which the majority of the respondents development of more parks and "Agree" with include recreation, preservation of open space, encourage infill commercial development rather than conversion of open space, and grant tax abatements to attract industrial development into the Township. a housing code (47.5%) When questioned about whether the Township should promote expansion of water mains and sanitary sewers to unserved areas, 40.7 percent were "Neutral" in their opinions The overall results are that more single-family housing is needed and additional parks and recreation facilities should be encouraged. Furthermore, the survey respondents feel the Township should consider tax abatements to attract industrial development and encourage infill commercial development over the conversion of open space for commercial development. Housing Delta Township is a growing community and housing is an integral part of this growth. More than eighty-two percent of the respondents either "Strongly Agree" or "Agree" that single-family housing should be encouraged within the Township. The community also has strong opinions regarding a housing code and �Secfion4 Communi 9n ut maintenance. Twenty-eight percent "Strongly Agreed" and 47.5 percent "Agreed" that the Township should adopt a housing code to encourage property maintenance. Transportation Several statements on the survey dealt with transportation related issues including roads, sidewalks, and West Saginaw Highway. These issues raised interest among respondents and broad ranges of opinions were received. The median response was "Neutral" on the issues of creating a boulevard and burying the power lines along West Saginaw Highway, the Township financing the paving of gravel roads, and the construction of more east - west roads. More than two-thirds of the respondents "Strongly Agree" or "Agree" that sidewalks should be mandated in all new developments and that the Township roads are generally in good condition. A strong negative or "Disagree" response was received regarding the issue of the Township financing the installation of sidewalks where they presently don't existent. The overall community opinion regarding transportation related issues appears to be undecided or negative toward the Township financing transportation projects and the creation or modification of the existing road system. The one issue strongly supported by the community is mandating sidewalk construction in all new developments. Environment Two environmental statements on the survey pertained to the preservation of farmland and open space in the Township. While both issues receive strong support, more than 80 percent are in favor of open space preservation, while just over 71 percent feel that farmland in the Township should be preserved. The preservation of farmland and open space is important to residents living within Delta Township. Respondents strongly support sidewalks for all new developments �Section4 Communi Parks, Recreation and Library Facilities Overall, 61.8 percent of those surveyed "Strongly Agree" or "Agree" that ----~ development of more parks and recreation facilities should be encouraged in the Township. This was followed by 28.0 percent who were "Neutral." Should recreation/ park facilities be encouraged? 61.8% strongly agree or agree The survey asked respondents if library facilities ir the Township are adequate. Of those responding to this statement, 55.3 percent either "Strongly Agree" or "Agree," followed by 21.6 percent being "Neutral" and 21.5 percent who "Disagree" or "Strongly Disagree." In general, the community supports additional park and recreation facilities. However, the need for additional library facilities among respondents is somewhat more questionable. While more than half of the respondents believe the library facilities are adequate, the relatively large number of respondents who feel the library is not adequate or are neutral on this issue indicates that there still may be a need for additional library facilities in the Township. Government/Planning Residents were questioned on issues such as police and fire protection and ambulance service, in addition to Township planning and government-related issues such as zoning/building code enforcement, Township communication with businesses, with residents, and taxes. A majority feel that emergency services are adequate while at the same time zoning and communication issues along with Township services did not receive as high a mark. Police and fire protection are considered to be adequate or satisfactory with responses of 87.6 percent and 91.2 percent respectively, while 79.4 percent of respondents believe ambulance services are adequate. A number of zoning and code enforcement issues including the regulation of signs, housing codes to encourage property maintenance and the regulation of communication towers were also addressed. A plurality of respondents (47%) feel that signs within the Township are being adequately regulated, while 30 percent are "Neutral" and l 8.5 percent believe signs are not being regulated enough. Respondents want the �Secfion4 Communi 9n ut Township to adopt a Housing Code to encourage property maintenance and to stringently regulate the installation of communication towers. Several issues regarding Township services, communication and cooperation between Township officials and residents were also included in the survey. More than half of the respondents would support Township yard waste pickup, while the remainder are either neutral or not in favor of yard waste pickup. A slightly more positive response was received regarding the recycling services provided by the Township. Overall, nearly 60 percent consider the recycling services provided by the Township to be reasonable. When asked about whether the Township should assist in organizing neighborhoods so residents could better represent themselves, a "neutral" response was most prevalent. This was followed by "yes - they should assist in organizing neighborhoods". Creating a recognizable identity within the Township is important to 48 percent, while 33 percent are neutral on this issue. A large number of respondents also believe that the Township should support items of regional interest such as solid waste, CATA, the Potter Park Zoo and the Capital City Airport. Communication between Township officials and residents is considered good by 61 percent of those surveyed. Property taxes within the Township are felt to be reasonable by 46 percent of the respondents, while 28 percent do not feel taxes are reasonable and 23 percent are "neutral" on taxes. Overall, resident's opinions regarding the Township's government and planning issues are positive. While, emergency services are perceived to be very adequate, zoning and code enforcement did not receive as high a mark and could be improved - specifically sign regulations, communication towers and the adoption of a housing code. In terms of Township services and communication between the Township and residents, opinions are mixed. Residents are happy with the existing recycling services while they also cite a need for yard waste pick-up. More than half of the respondents feel that communication between the Township and residents is good while fewer than half consider taxes to be reasonable. - Respondents support yard waste pickup - 60% felt recycling services reasonable - Communication between officials and residents good �Secfion4 Communi Top Five Future Issues The respondents were presented 10 issues and asked to identify the five issues they felt were most important on a scale of 1 to 5, with 1 being most important and 5 being least important. The primary issue to be addressed is clear. However, other issues are not as clear. Respondents identified and ranked traffic congestion as the most important issue to be addressed by the Township. Following traffic congestion, road maintenance is also one of the top issues. However, most respondents gave it a score of "4" stating it as an important issue but not a top priority. Police protection received the third highest number of responses, yet the majority of those responding gave it a score of "1" indicating that it is one of the most important issues in the Township. Rounding out the top five issues are fire protection and drainage. The following are the issues in order of importance based upon the composite scores. It should be noted that several of the issues aside from traffic congestion also received number 1 priority votes. Traffic Congestion Road Maintenance Police protection Fire protection Drainage Issues: Household and Demographic Information A portion of the survey included some general questions regarding household characteristics. This information is not necessary in the development of the master plan, however, it provides Township officials with a better understanding of whose voices are being heard. The majority of Township respondents live in Please indicate your age category. either the Grand Ledge or the Waverly School so ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . District. 45 + - - - - - - - - - - 50 • 25 or younger • 26-44 0 65+ . ... AS More than three quarters of the respondents are over the age of 45, with the greatest number of respondents being between the age of 45 and 64. Just over 36 percent of those surveyed were either unemployed or retired. If the individual was employed, he or she likely worked within the City of Lansing (26.3%) or in Delta Township (17.1 ). Plaese lncuceto your ago ce'tegory. �Secfion4 Communi 9n ut The average household size among respondents is 2.3 persons, with 1.5 persons employed full-time and 1.2 persons part-time. More than 73 percent of respondent households do not have any children under the age of 1 8, while 63 percent have someone over the age of 65 in their household. Twenty-eight percent of those In which type of dwelling do you live? surveyed BO reported having school aged children, while 6.7 70 70 • • • percent have children attending a 2 or 4-year college. Overall, Single-Family Home 60 Apartment most respondents' school-aged Duplex 0 Mobile Home • Condomin ium 50 children attended public schools rather than private/parochial, charter schools or are home 30 & :r ~ fl ~ I "' J- l schooled. Additionally, more than percent those 20 D 53 of surveyed have no children in school. This is likely a result of i X ,:11 ~ :E g> in E ~ ~ ~ <.> the high proportion of individuals over the age of 65 completing the In which type ot dwelling do you ltve? survey. 90% of respond~ own the home they > Nearly 90 percent of those surveyed lived in a home they owned, while 7.5 percent were renters. More than three-quarters live in a single-family home, followed by 14 percent living in a condominium, 5.2 percent living in an apartment and 1.8 percent live in either a mobile home or a duplex unit. Forty-one percent of the respondents have lived at their present address for more than 20 years, while 23 percent have lived in their home for 10 to 20 years, indicating a stable residential base that has a vested interest in the community. livein �Section4 Communi The distribution of household incomes among survey respondents is generally representative of the household income distribution of the Township as a whole. Households having incomes between $50,000 and $74,999 made up the largest proportion L.nsth.m$24,999 $25,000 ·MS.999 25 -1---~ $.50,000-$74,999 II 20 + - -- - those surveyed followed by those in the $25,000 Annual Household Income 30 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ • • •D .,~,......,.., • $100,000-$124,999 of 30 to $49,999 income group. Just over 6 percent of those surveyed reported household incomes of less $125,000 0UTI0nl than $24,999, while 16.6 percent earned between $99,999, 1 0.5 $75,000 percent and earned $100,000 to $124,999 and 5.9 percent earned more than $125,000. WORKSHOP OVERVIEW - In an effort to gather additional community input on future land use issues and public facilities, Delta Township held a community roundtable or futuring workshop on April 24, 2002. The workshop was held at the Township Hall and was attended by 21 Delta Township residents. Statistical information on past population and housing growth trends was presented to the group, as well as a number of maps including water and sewer service areas and the existing land uses in Delta Township. Using a Community Issues worksheet, participants were encouraged to give input on Residential, Commercial and Industrial development, Public Lands and Facilities, Open Space, Agriculture and any other future land use issues. The following is a summary of issues discussed: �Section4 Communi 9n ut Residential Development • Statements were made in support of single-family and senior housing. Single-family/senior housing supported • Discussion took place regarding the minimum lot size requirements in residential areas. • Those in attendance felt strip residential development along sectionline roads was undesirable. The possible impacts of manufactured housing on the community were identified and discussed. • Several participants expressed concerns regarding the number of multiple-family housing units that had been constructed in the Township during the 1 990s. Commercial Development • The general consensus of those present was that commercial development should continue to be limited to West Saginaw Highway and that such development should not extend west of Broadbent Road. Participants identified the existence of vacant retail buildings in the Township and the need to fill these buildings rather than convert farmland to commercial uses. • A statement was made that commercial development generates significant volumes of traffic that is negatively impacting the quality of life. Industrial Development • The general consensus of the group was that the industrial development in the southeastern corner of the Township had been well planned and should be left "as is". �Section4 Communi Agricultural Land Use • Varying opinions were expressed as to how best to preserve the remaining agricultural land in the Township. Public Land/facilities • A comment was made that there is a need for additional parkland west of 1-96 due to residential development in the area. • An individual requested that Township officials consider providing a community recreation center which would house year-round, indoor activities. Transportation/Roadway Network • Concerns were expressed regarding the proposed east-west collector roads in the Township and the possible negative impacts these roads could have on adjacent residential neighborhoods. • It was suggested that traffic-calming techniques be considered to address "cut-through" and speeding traffic in residential areas in the eastern portion of the Township. Environmental Issues/Concerns • Support was expressed for the continued enhancement of the Carrier Creek through the center of Delta Township. �Section5 l!,oa/J anrl06;ectifl6J The goals presented in this section are intended attitudes to and reflect local aspirations with respect to growth and development within Delta Township. The goals were developed following a review of goals in the former Comprehensive Plan, an evaluation of existing conditions within the Township, and input received from a community opinion survey and public workshop. The goals and objectives are identified by subject matter for clarification. However, this does not mean that each goal or objective is mutually exclusive from another goal or objective. It is acknowledged that both must be adaptable to changing conditions, balanced against competing priorities, and subject to regulatory constraints and fiscal limits. The goals and objectives will form the basis of more detailed policies that will be defined in the Implementation Section. Residential Goal: Facilitate residential development that will fulfill the needs of the various population segments in the Township while maintaining a balance between the existing urban and rural character. Objectives: :> Identify areas for future residential development that are within close proximity to existing developed areas and necessary infrastructure, with preference for infill sites. �Secfion5 qoa/J anti06;ecfives :> Ensure higher and lower density housing is compatibly located to eliminate/minimize conflicts. :> Ensure smooth transitions between residential and non-residential uses by open space, buffered thoroughfares, and placement of the appropriate zoning districts. :> Enhance the older residential neighborhoods in the eastern portion of the Township through code enforcement, maintenance of public infrastructure, and implementation of traffic calming techniques. :> Maintain control over development of new single-family homes within agricultural areas. Commercial Goal: Provide adequate commercial facilities, appropriately located and scaled, to serve regional, community and neighborhood needs. Objectives: :> Encourage infill development commercial land and/or or buildings the redevelopment along the Saginaw of vacant Highway corridor, and other older commercial areas. :> Limit new commercial development on Saginaw Highway to areas east of Broadbent Road. :> Design commercial areas that are compatible with adjacent residential land uses relating to such items as lighting, traffic circulation, parking, signage, landscaping and solid waste disposal. :> Identify commercial areas exhibiting early signs of blight and create action plans to address the problems. �SeclionJ f;oafs anti06;eclives :, Attempt to contain strip commercial development within the existing boundaries along Saginaw Highway. :> Continue efforts to improve the aesthetics along Saginaw Highway via signage improvements, overhead power lines placed underground, service drives and driveway consolidations. Industrial Goal: Maintain an attractive industrial area which provides a diversified tax base and employment opportunities. Objectives: :> Prevent encroachment on existing and planned industrial areas from incompatible land uses. :> Ensure that the Township has an ample supply of properly located and appropriately sized industrial sites that are adequately served by public utilities and transportation systems. :> Leverage private investments in the industrial tracts with tax incentives by the Township as appropriate. :> Continue the Township's efforts to retain existing industries via retention calls and industrial newsletters and recruit new industrial firms through marketing efforts. :> Support the improvement of roads in the industrial tract to all-weather status. �Section5 (Joali anti06;ectives Public Services and Facilities Goal: Encourage sufficient and available public services and facilities to meet the growing needs of the Township. Objectives: :> Provide law enforcement and fire protection services that meet the needs of the Township to ensure the safety and well-being of Delta Township residents and property. :> Mandate residential properties and commercial and industrial businesses connect to public water systems when available. :> Explore the benefits of privatizing and/or sharing facilities and services with other communities. :> Develop procedures for greater collaboration and coordination of efforts between school districts and the Township. :> Identify valuable historic assets within the Township and develop programs and societies to preserve and promote those assets. :> Develop infrastructure (water, sanitary sewer) in phased expansions, concurrent with new construction. :> Develop an approach to planning and development that emphasizes coordination and cooperation between Delta Township and surrounding communities through mutual financing and operation of area-wide and regional facilities. �Secfion5 l!,oa/J anti0/J;ecfiveJ Land Use Planning Goal: Encourage managed growth and provide contemporary land use regulations. Objectives: :) Keep development codes up to date in accordance with case law. :) Pursue a policy of managed growth and explore new and innovative methods of achieving beneficial results. :) Coordinate the Township's land use planning efforts with adjacent communities and the efforts of the Tri-County Regional Planning Commission. :) Recognize the needs of a diversifying Township population and identify programs to address specific needs. :) Identify emerging socio-economic trends, such as an aging population, and respond with appropriate planning and zoning techniques. :) Encourage public involvement when reviewing land development proposals and strive to improve communication between public officials and Township residents and property owners. :) Take a proactive role in the redevelopment of Brownfield sites. :) Encourage new development within the Township to follow Smart Growth Concepts, Smart Growth is not "no-growth" - it is sustainable growth. �Secfion7 /!,oafs anl06;ectifl6J Transportation Goal: Support efforts to improve transportation services and infrastructure in the Township in order to facilitate safe and efficient motorized and non-motorized transportation. Objectives: :> Continue to support the Township's efforts to encourage the establishment of a boulevard on Saginaw Highway west of 1-96 via right-of-way acquisition, the preparation of a boulevard design, and continued dialogue with MDOT officials. :> Support MDOT in their efforts to reconstruct the 1-96/Saginaw interchange. :> Continue to support the Eaton County Road Commission's street resurfacing program for residential streets. :, Encourage sufficient funding to repair sidewalks, fill in gaps in the sidewalk system, provide sidewalks and/or bike lanes in conjunction with new /rebuilt roadways and mandate the provision of sidewalks in conjunction with new development. :> Encourage the provision of public transit service to the Township's residential, commercial and industrial areas. :> Land uses generating significant amounts of traffic shall be served by thoroughfares that can safely and adequately handle the traffic. :> Examine the need for a road crossing of the Grand River, west of 1-96. �Section5 /!,oafs anti06;ective1 Open Space and Recreation Goal: Provide adequate open space areas, recreational facilities and programs for passive and active use by Township residents. Objectives: :> Support linkages (walkable residential areas and pathways, and sidewalks) between recreational facilities whenever reasonably feasible. :> Support the development of bicycle/pedestrian corridors (linear parks) within the Township with linkages to pathways in adjacent communities. :> Promote the recreational facilities offered at the Township's parks and other recreational areas such as the Woldumar Nature Center and Audubon properties. :> Encourage new residential developments to provide open space for their residents. :> Pursue a timely and economic open space acquisition and development program as the Township's population increases. Environment Goal: Protect the quality of the Township's natural resources and environmentally sensitive areas. Objectives: :> Assist the Eaton County Drain Commissioner in efforts to promote storm water management practices. :> Continue the Township's Well Head Protection efforts including the adoption/enforcement of zoning regulations and providing assistance in the capping of abandoned wells. :> Identify soils highly conducive to agricultural production, such as those found in southwestern Delta Township, and attempt to preserve farming activities in such areas. �Section5 qoal.r anti06;ectiws :, Support the Township 's Flood Plain Management efforts. :, Promote the use of the Grand River for recreation. :, Promote the extension of public water and sanitary sewer services to those areas in the Township where the public health is threatened by on-site systems. :, Preserve prime farmland applicable methods. e through zoning regulations and other �FUTURE DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT The overriding concepts for the future distribution of land uses in Delta Township are embodied within Section 5 - Goals and Objectives. Future land use will be based upon controlled and managed growth 'with the preservation of the Township's natural resources, including the conservation of agricultural activities, open space preservation around future residential development and concentrated, well-managed commercial and service districts with sufficient infrastructure. These concepts have to be realized while the Township accommodates an estimated 3,366 additional housing units by the year 2020, based upon the projections provided in Table 6-1. This represents a 26.8 percent increase in units between the years 2000 and 2020, using the data in Table 2-8. The proposed future land use patterns were developed utilizing previous community reports and surveys. That includes the January, 2002 Delta Township Community Survey, the Master Plan Futuring Session held at the Township Hall on April 24th, 2002, and direction from the Township Planning Commission, all of which resulted in Goals and Objectives (Section 5). Overall, the future land use patterns proposed in this Plan consist of the following: The existing concentrations of residential development north of 1-496 and east of 196 will remain, and new development will be focused as infill north of Mount Hope Highway, west of 1-96. New developments should avoid the traditional residential linear pattern along Township roads typical of the preceding decades. That pattern created medium and large size lots that were inefficient, depleted usable agricultural resources, increased driveway /street access conflicts, and diminished the sense of "openness" that defines rural character. An even more desirable approach to attaining the desired land use vision is to go beyond the standard types of residential subdivisions and concentrate development in "clusters," separated by expansive open space areas. These development clusters should be located so as to minimize consumption of open space and agricultural land while being easily accessible to public facilities and utilities. Industrial growth will continue to be concentrated in the southeast quadrant of the Township. Continued industrial development is anticipated in the GM 425 area west of 1-96 as well as the 1 00-acre triangle area north of Davis Highway and west of Canal Road. Controls over future commercial and retail development will �Secfion b 7=uture f.anrf the remain consistent with past planning efforts, concentrating commercial and retail enterprises along Saginaw Highway. Overall, development should be consistent with the Township Zoning Ordinance and the road classification requirements outlined in the Ordinance for specific land uses, such as golf courses being located on arterial roads. For road requirements by land use see the Township Zoning Ordinance and for road classifications within the Township see the National Functional Classification map provided by MDOT in Appendix A of this plan. FI.RURE LAND USE Agriculture/Open Space The history of Delta Township is defined by its natural resources, particularly the Grand River and its tributaries, as well as agriculture, most notably row crop and sod production. Many residents of the Township want to retain as much of the existing agricultural land use as possible in an effort to maintain some of the Township's rural character. This Plan promotes the preservation of as much open space and wetlands as possible, along with the retention of agricultural land within the framework of the residential growth that is expected to occur. The lands proposed to remain in agriculture are primarily located in the southwest corner of the Township in sections 29, 30, and 31 (see Map 6-1 on page 82). While most of these larger parcels are in active agriculture, there is no guarantee they will remain so. This plan recommends that the 20 acre minimum lot size requirement which has been enforced in these three sections for nearly 30 years be continued. Individual property owners may intend to ultimately develop these lands as residential. Beyond the outright purchase of these parcels for the purposes of preserving them as agriculture or open space, the only options for controlling the location and pace of development (and preservation) is through public or nonprofit land use controls. Residential The tremendous increase in the Township's residential growth has been the greatest single impact upon agricultural lands, with new industrial and commercial development close behind. The supply of vacant land in Delta Township has decreased significantly in the 1 970 to 2000 period. Many areas in the western portion of the Township have been divided into "country estate" home sites of 2-5 �Section b t'future .f.antfUJe acres. These large acreage parcels will most likely not be subdivided or used for higher density development and extending utilities to such areas will be challenging. The supply of 40+ acre parcels in western Delta Township, which are the most conducive to residential development, is dwindling. The need to accommodate the number of additional households forecasted to move to, or be created within, the Township while retaining agricultural land and preserving open spaces, requires a new approach to residential development. This approach differs slightly from some of the development patterns and practices that have taken place in the past. It should also be sensitive to the conditions that have resulted from that development. The lot splits that have occurred and the land use patterns that now exist cannot be easily changed, nor should they. Although redevelopment of residential properties is likely to occur over the next 20 years, the primary emphasis of this Plan is on addressing new development. The process for defining the character of future residential development within the Township is based upon two major factors: 1) the number and size of parcels required to accommodate expected growth and 2) the geographic distribution of those parcels. The projected distribution of housing units through 2020 is proposed to be similar to the same general proportion by type that existed in the 1 980s and 1 990s (being approximately two-thirds site-built single-family homes and one-third attached multiple-family units). The Township experienced a substantial increase in the number of multiple-family housing units in the late 1 990s; therefore, the projected distribution of new units will utilize an average of the 1 980, 1 990 and 2000 distribution. The Plan calls for the concentration of housing in the areas designated on the Future Land Use map (page 82). It is recommended that substantial open spaces be set aside within each development, and larger parcels be reserved for open space preservation in developing areas of the Township. Such concentration may require that the average size of parcels proposed in this Plan be smaller than historically platted to accommodate common open space. To provide for rational, efficient residential development, to facilitate the retention of agricultural lands on the west side of the Township, and preservation of open space in developing areas, this Plan calls for the concentration of planned �Secfion b ~ufure f.antf ti.re residential development within defined development areas, and to a lesser extent, individual single-family homes constructed within traditional development patterns. As an alternative to those traditional linear and subdivision developments that have characterized some areas of the Township, the distribution of residential activities in the form of "clustered" open space developments are preferred. This form of development essentially concentrates housing at higher densities and provides for common open spaces within designated project areas. It is more efficient, aesthetic, and environmentally sensitive than the standard subdivision, which typically allocates the entire development to private lots and easements for streets and sidewalks. A clustered open space project also contains streets and private lots, as well as large open spaces that are allocated to recreation, trails, protection of unique environmental features, or other natural areas. The same number of units, or even more units, can be built in a clustered development as a traditional subdivision, because the developer is allowed to decrease the lot size as defined in the zoning ordinance, thereby increasing the density of the developed portion of the project and decreasing the amount and cost of necessary infrastructure. As a result, the balance of the project will create open/natural recreational spaces. The combination of smaller lots, the projected number of housing units, and the incorporation of clustered developments will define the parameters for the number of acres that should be devoted to new residential development within the Township. Following these concepts, the average lot size for inclusion within cluster developments could be slightly smaller than traditional subdivision lots in the Township. Each cluster development should attempt to designate a notable portion of the development as undeveloped land (open space, trails, etc.). Traditionally clustered developments have not been common in Delta Township. A separate study may be necessary to determine why clustered developments have been underutilized within the Township, and an evaluation of the Township Zoning Ordinance, as it relates to density bonus in residential developments may be necessary. This plan advocates an increase in the number of developments within the Township during the 20-year planning period. - clustered �.Secfion b t'future i'Antl 1/Je The following figures depict samples of cluster /open space development. Figure 1 shows a traditional subdivision where the entire parcel is developed with singlefamily lots. Figure 2 shows the same parcel as a residential cluster development with each lot area reduced in size, and the balance of the parcel allocated to natural open space. Figure 3 is another sample cluster /open space development similar to the type that could potentially be established within the Township. , I I I y, '\ \\ \\ --~ Open Sp:iee Plan • .!.,J d~~J,1 _g1. • ,., on~ar.,,, 'l's • IO II li,1911 l:;1s • e :i1tacl'led .,, ,,to • 62¾ opc.n .:;pl\~ 100 n.:.r FIGURE 1 -Traditional Subdivision Development FIGURE 2 - Cluster Development ,, l , // FIGURE 3 - Cluster Development --- �Section b ?=ufure i'Anrl1/Je Calculating Gross Acreage for Future Residential Development - The following describes the calculations used to determine the gross acreage devoted to new residential development within the Township. As noted earlier (page 71 ), the Township plans to encourage a similar proportion by type of housing unit mix that currently exists within Delta Township. That is, two thirds site-built single-family homes and one-third attached multiple-family and other units. Combining this housing unit mix, with the need to accommodate an estimated 3,366 additional housing units by the year 2020, calculations can be made for various types of housing and the gross acreage needed for new residential development. (The 3,366 units are projected to be needed to accommodate an additional 6,534 residents (3,366 households) over the next 20 years, in accordance with the 2020 "target" population of 36,216). Single-Family Housing Following past trends for the distribution of future residential development projects 2,244 new site-built single-family homes (3,366 units x .6666) are projected in 2020. In the interest of developing land efficiently within Delta Township future single-family housing should be encouraged in more compact forms of residential development. The proposed solution would be to encourage development in both traditional clusters/open space developments where average densities would be between 2.5 and 5.0 units per acre. The concept behind clustered/open space development results in increasing densities on land zoned for a lower density in exchange for preserving tracts of land as undeveloped and open space. While the number of new site-built single-family homes can be estimated with some certainty, the specific number of homes to be developed using cluster/open space development methods and the projected land area necessary to accommodate the new housing units is more difficult. The following calculation presents a range for an estimate of the amount of land that will be necessary for future site-built single-family homes. - Units Required: 2,244 projected additional single-family site built units. �Section b 7=uture !Anti1/Js Acres Required: Traditional subdivision development 2,244 units at an average net density of 2.5 units per acre = 898 acres plus 20% for infrastructure ( l 80 acres) = 1,078 acres Clustered/Open Space subdivision development 2,244 units at an average net density of 5.0 units per acre = 449 acres plus 20% for infrastructure (90 acres) = 539 acres. PLUS Open Space Requirement = Clustered/Open Space Developments require land to be left as perpetual open space and be undeveloped. The amount of land left should be at a minimum l 0% of the total development, while as much as 30% of the development in some subdivisions could be left as open space. Therefore, the additional land required for open space, should some or all of the 2,244 units be developed in clustered/open space subdivision developments, would be between 60 acres ( 10% open space) and 1 80 acres (30% open space). Total acres to accommodate 2,244 open space residential units would be between 659 and 779 acres. (539 + 60 = 599 and 539 + 180 =719) Therefore, between 599 and 1,078 acres of land will be required to accommodate the development of 2,244 site built single family homes by 2020. These units should be distributed between traditional and clustered/open space developments at densities between 2.5/5.0 units per acre. Attached Multiple Family and Other Housing Units For the purpose of distributing future housing units into two-thirds site-built singlefamily and one-third attached multiple-family or other housing units, the future distribution of attached multiple-family, duplex and manufactured homes are calculated together. The detailed distribution of these units by unit type should be consistent with the quantity of land available in the respective zoning districts. Of the projected 3,366 new housing units, 1,122 units are allocated for development as "non-site built single-family homes" and be developed as either - attached multiple-family units, duplex units or manufactured housing units. �Section b ~uture tAnl Use Future "non-site built single-family home" developments will occur in densities ranging from 6 units per acre to 15 units per acre depending on the zoning districts and allowed densities. Therefore, a range of future land use distributions for new units in these categories have been calculated to present an estimate of the land needed to accommodate the 1, 1 22 units. Acres Required: Based on Development density of 6 units per acre 1, 1 22 units at a density of 6 units per acre = 187 acres, plus 20% for infrastructure (37 acres) = 224 acres Based on development density of 15 units per acre 1, 1 22 units at a density of 15 units per acre = 7 5 acres, plus 20% for infrastructure ( 15 acres) = 90 acres. The total land area the Township should anticipate to be developed for future "non-site built single-family homes" such as attached multiple-family units, duplex units or manufactured housing units by the end of the planning period of 2020 would be between 90 and 224 acres. The total minimum land area that should be allocated to all expected residential development of all types over the next 20 years is therefore 689 acres (599+90). The formula used for determining the amount of acreage needed for site built single-family homes and attached multiple-family units, duplex units or manufactured housing units is identified in Table 6-1 along with the projected housing need in five-year increments, based upon the target 2020 population of 36,216 and a housing need of 3,366 units. In Table 6-1, the total numbers of projected additional site-built single-family units are allocated according to whether the development patterns proposed are traditional subdivisions or clustered/open space developments. Also, the projected numbers of additional attached multiple-family, duplex and manufactured units along with their associated required acreage are illustrated at two development densities. Providing ranges based on different units per acre densities allows for some flexibility when residential developments are proposed. �Section b ~uture f.antf UJe TABLE 6-1 - DELTA TOWNSHIP POPULATION - LAND AREA PROJECTIONS Total Population 2000 Total Target Population 2020 Total Additional Population 2000-2020 29,682 36,216 6,534 Total Total Additional Population Per Five Year Increments 5 Year Increment New Total Population Average Person Per Household ~ 2005 20062010 20112015 20162020 20012020# 1,439 1,698 1,699 1,698 6,534 31,121 32,819 34,518 36,216 6,534 2.31* 2.27* 2.25* 2.24* Total New Housing Units 735 965 862 804 3,366 66.66% Site-Built Single-Family Units 490 643 575 536 2,244 245 322 287 268 1,122 235 309 276 258 1,078 118 155 138 128 539 10% Open Space 12 15 14 15 54 30% Open Space 35 46 41 38 160 130-153 170-201 152-179 141-166 593-699 130-235 170-309 152-276 141-258 593-1,078 245 322 287 268 1,122 49 64 57 53 224 19 25 23 21 90 19-49 25-64 23-57 21-53 90-224 149-284 195-373 175-333 162-311 683-1,301 33.33 % Multiple-Family, Duplex, Manufactured Horne Units (non-site built single family) New Site-Built Single-Family Units Acres Needed at 2.5 Units/Acre includes 20% for streets (traditional development) • Acres Needed at 5.0 Units/Acre includes 20% for streets (clustered/open space) Additional Open Space Total Acres for clustered/open space Total Additional Acres New Site-Built Single-Family Units New Non Site-Built Single Family Units Acres Needed at 6 Units/Acre includes 20% for streets Acres Needed at 15 Units/Acre includes 20% for streets Total Additional Acres New Non Site-Built Single-Family Units TOT AL NEW RESIDENTIAL ACRES NEEDED *Projected household size based upon Delta Township as proportion of projected national trends in household size. # Calculations have been rounded SOURCE: Gove Associates 2003 �Section b t'fufure f.anl 1/Je The additional acreage required for all types of residential development (singlefamily clustered or unclustered, duplex, multiple-family and manufactured homes) are added together to determine the minimum acreage required. This total acreage is then compared to the future land use allocations depicted in Table 6-2. The comparison indicates that the Future Land Use map, which contains an additional 3,972 acres set aside for residential development over what was existing in 2002, is significantly more than the projected 7 46 - 1,301 acres of land required to accommodate the 2020 target population of 36,216. The table depicts the allocation of units and associated acreages in five-year increments. This will allow the Township to identify the amount of land that should be developed or zoned accordingly within a long-term phased process. The geographic distribution of these developments should be based upon factors that impact some of the more important criteria that need to be considered. Those criteria consist of achieving the policies defined in this Plan, project affordability, public costs, feasibility and sustainability. Some of the major factors that are related to those criteria are retention of agriculture and open space, capacity of the soils to sustain development, protection of surface water and ground water, the need to be served by public utilities (sewer and/or water) and access via existing primary roads. The potential creation of clustered residential developments in the Township should be located in areas that are being considered for planned residential development on larger parcels that have been assembled or can be assembled. These parcels should be in areas that will have the least impact on the depletion of prime agricultural lands, are on soils that are not conducive to wetness or flooding, and in locations that will minimize the need for additional public expenditures in infrastructure (utilities and roadway expansion). While each location factor may not be completely satisfied in those areas identified for residential development on the Future Land Use Map, these locations represent the areas where residential development should occur and clustered development should occur, where the "best fit" of the composite of these factors is present. �Secfion b ~ufure i!Antl the TABLE 6-2 - LONG-RANGE FUTURE LAND USE (YEAR 2020) LAND USE ACREAGE Existing Single-Family Residential Two-Family Residential Multiple-Family Residential Manufactured Home Park Commercial Office Institutional Industrial / Utility Cemetery Parks, Recreational (inc. golf courses) Agriculture Transportation Rights-of-Way %of Total Future %of Total % Change Change 15.9 0.2 3,579 44 265 9 369 374 67 1,942 0 64.1 57.7 46.4 34.6 56.8 127.6 13.6 115.6 0.0 4.9 7.1 12.9 68 -3,013 2 6.05 -65.3 0.0 0 0.00 -2,200 -100 9.5 648 2.9 -1,504 69.8 1.8 100 412 1.8 0 0.0 22,709 100 0 5,582 78 571 26 649 293 426 1,680 55 1,042 4,617 2,926 24.6 0.3 2.5 0.1 2.9 1.3 1.9 7.4 0.2 4.6 20.3 12.9 9,161 122 836 35 1,018 667 490 3,622 55 1,110 1,604 2,928 40.3 0.5 3.7 0.1 4.5 2.9 2.2 2,200 9.7 2,152 412 22,709 Natural Resource Land Cover Woodlands* Open Space / Undeveloped / Preservation Corridor Water/ River/ Wetlands Total Acreage *While the table illustrates a loss of 2,200 acres of woodlands by 2020, neither the plan nor the map advocate the total elimination of woodlands in Delta Township. For the purpose of allocating future land use in areas currently occupied by woodlands the map depicts woodlands as an overlay to the land use best suited for that area. In the event development occurs in woodland areas, efforts should be taken to preserve as much woodlands as possible in those areas. SOURCE: Gove Associates, Inc. 2003 The Future Land Use map allocates a total of 9,037 acres for existing and future low density (clustered or unclustered) single-family residential development (at 1 to 3 units per acre), 1 22 acres for medium density (clustered) single-family residential development or duplex units (at approximately 4.8 units per acre), and 946 acres for high density multiple-family (apartments and mobile home parks at 6 to 15 units per acre) residential development. Commercial An additional 369 acres of retail/service commercial development will be added to the Township's land use inventory. This expanded commercial development would be concentrated along West Saginaw Highway (M-43). The West Saginaw ,..,., Highway area, serves as the commercial corridor for the Township, and the bulk of �Secfion b ~uture .&mrl1/se the new commercial development should be concentrated as infill development. Further commercial development in this area could be structured with a relatively higher density mix of retail stores, and offices. New development utilizing neotraditional design concepts can promote specific pedestrian-friendly architectural requirements and could be applied and strictly controlled within the framework of a parallel code (like a Planned Unit Development ordinance) relative to access, landscaping, parking, and other site and corridor design and safety considerations. Along with an additional 369 acres being added to the Township's commercial land use inventory, redevelopment of existing vacant or underutilized commercial areas will result in sufficient commercial and retail land through the year 2020. Recreation In 2002, Delta Township maintained over 1,000 acres of land as parks or open space for recreation use. Based on guidelines set by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, the Township maintains sufficient parkland to accommodate the present population. However, when comparing the distribution of parkland throughout the Township (Map 1-7) with standards addressing community-wide spatial distribution of parklands, it is apparent there is a lack of parkland in some areas. Future acquisitions of land for parks or open space preservation should occur as key parcels become available in the southwestern quadrant of the Township or those areas with unique natural features. New bike lanes should be placed along County roads and a linear hiking/biking trail could be potentially developed along the Grand River, running the entire east/west length of the Township. Specific goals, objectives and recommendations related to parks, recreation and non-motorized pathways are outlined in the Delta Township Parks, Recreation and Cemeteries Open Space Plan 2000, the 2003 Delta Township Non-Motorized Transportation Plan and the 1986 Delta Township Sidewalk Plan, and 2003 Plan update. While these documents should be referenced when planning for future parks, recreation facilities and non-motorized pathways within the Township, a map illustrating the existing and proposed sidewalks and trails within the Township is located in Appendix C. �- .- ---------------------- Section b ~uture .f.anrlUse Industrial Delta Township has a strong history of well-planned industrial development. Future industrial development should be limited primarily to the industrial tracts located in the southeastern quadrant of the Township generally bounded by 1-496 to the north, 1-96/1-69 to the west and Lansing Road to the east and south. This area, in addition to the GM 425 parcels west of 1-96/1-69, encompasses more than 3,670 acres in sections 24 through 28 and 32 through 35. Future industrial development in this area should include appropriate site planning that regulates building design, setback, landscaping, signage, parking and environmental impacts, preferably in a Planned Business Park Development format. Utilities/Road Improvements When public sanitary sewer or water systems are required for a particular development within the Township, they should be supplied on the basis of "concurrency." Concurrency is an approach that ensures that public facilities and services are provided at the same time that development occurs. These services are planned well in the future within a phased approach and are constructed on a "pay-as-you-go" basis. If public utilities are not scheduled for an area proposed for development, development cannot occur, unless the developer pays for the extension of utilities. This helps to prevent wasteful "leapfrogging" of utilities (when utility lines are placed in rights-of-way adjacent to large undeveloped areas to serve a development further down the road) and promotes orderly, more efficient use of land and resources. It is important to recognize that the extension of utilities (particularly public sanitary sewer and water service) to serve an area can have unintended consequences. If provided within a logical framework of planned, incremental development, public sanitary sewer and water utilities can guide growth to meet the goals and objectives set forth by the Township. The construction of new roads and improvements to existing roads within the Township are identified in the Delta Township Road Improvement Program. This program is reviewed frequently by Township officials and updated as projects are completed and new projects are identified. Information regarding road projects in Delta Township can be obtained by referring to the Road Improvement Program which is available at the Delta Township Planning Department. �- MAP 6-1 Official Future Land Use Delta Tovmship Eaton Count,, Michigan Leqend Single Famiti Residential Multiple Famit; Residential ($ • • ( i '- » ~ ~ ~ 11. 1;; :· C ~ li ~ r· J ';;....r--- L--Yf: a: {_;, n ' :. kr. e-.1'.t. · · -;.-_:t1rm,h',m)' ~ ,I - - l ...........,.. , 1Y11. r,1..•pi: n1~~,; ~-c;::.====;.;::!'.:::.. • • • Cemetery .\gricL1ltural Commercial • • Open Spate/ Prese1ve Corridor Office D v\looclland 0-; erla'y Areas' In stitutio na I C"1 Sanitar, Future ·,.\later and SewerSer-ice Area Industrial ~ Township Boundary Manufactured Heme Park 7 ;; M,;;[t,;i.l..,1-1. 06g,.e.;Ji ,;.; ie?J., h.,·,~.::a;i'~ ~::~l--""'"'J;... .,.;·oe1-==""""i' i ,i,==;=:::::;;===; '~ " T·:..-o Family Re si dential Higlw,a,. ,' Railroa d 111111 Right of ·,play Parks and Re creation Area 1 Lltilit,, " 'fJ(:: ,1nd 0,~11- A"I U d t : ::t tl' btin g C!((:i.) i!t, - :, .-t ~-11! ,1r: :o not COM llu ~ ,1 JPtd llo :i:: , Ing d~ a; or ,1, p l"':. ::... I· !el >t re ouh~: \· SUnd: ·:f J i'- t(: r,. ti-; 1-: c-a-,,is HigiT,'iaL f. " miles ..._..J "'·. • c1 L_ ; ~ X ~::I J ·,J W +E ~ 0 Go-.~;:',;c~~,J~ ~ 1,.-..=r 0 .1 N .UC 0 <1 •i. ' 4't f j,~•~N:'°~ ~: JF :c -tnd lmo·- 1tl • n ,>.::en ;Uf.: : 11~ : n Ct lUT : -.M,lp E �.Ssction 7 9mf}/emenfation INTRODUCTION This section of the Plan presents tools and processes that are currently available to Delta Township to help make this Plan a reality. Also, it contains a schedule that depicts the objectives that should be accomplished along with the recommended parties, general timing, and potential funding sources to achieve the objectives when applicable. The following approaches are viable in terms of being implemented under current state enabling legislation and federal programs. Some approaches will have more important impacts upon the development of the Township than others. Public Investment Strategies represent the most pro-active mechanism to foster development in the Township in accordance with this Plan. Both public and private sector investments in infrastructure are required for new development, particularly in higher density areas and in areas currently not served by public infrastructure such as sanitary sewer and - water. The location and timing of such development is dependent upon the capacity of the Township to pay for the necessary infrastructure and, in the case of private sector (developer) developments, the required approvals from the Township and other public agencies. Location and timing of infrastructure development are integral parts of the Plan's implementation program and the smart growth approach advocated for the Township. It is recommended that Township officials closely follow the recommendations in the Delta Township Sanitary Sewer and Water System Long Range Study from 1998 as a mechanism and guide to infrastructure development. Cooperation between the Township and other public and quasi-public entities is also critical to the success of the Plan. This is in large-part due to the Township's proximity to the City of Lansing and the regional services the residents of Delta Township are provided by agencies such as Capital City Airport, CAT A and EA TRAN, and Grand Ledge and Waverly Public Schools. These entities and many others will play a key role in the use of land within the Township and communication among agencies needs to be facilitated in order to enable the Township (and each entity) to properly plan for the future. In addition, Eaton County government, the County Road and Drain Commissions, the Barry-Eaton District Health Department, the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality and the Michigan �Section 7 9mfJ/emenfation Department of Transportation all have legal authority and responsibilities for programs and projects that occur in, and impact upon, the development of the Township. Coordination between these agencies and the Township is important for planning and programming and as such, needs to be maintained. Finally, the activities occurring within surrounding townships and the City of Lansing, particularly those related to land use planning, zoning, and other development controls, can have a direct impact upon planning within Delta Township, particularly those units of government abutting Delta Township. Coordination and communication should be ongoing among these jurisdictions and plans and programs of these surrounding communities shared. Amendments (P.A. 265 of 2001) to the Municipal Planning Act under which Delta Township operates, require this intergovernmental communication on land use and development issues. Information and Education is fundamental to the implementation of this Plan. Without the concurrence of residents, businesses and developers, the success of this plan will be less successful and more prone to setbacks during the long range planning process. To help garner that concurrence and contribute to the success of the Plan, the Township should disseminate information and, if necessary, host educational programs. The dissemination of information can include sending a small flyer, or tri-fold, that briefly describes the main components of the Plan and possibly include a small copy of the future land use map. This information can also be included on the Township's website, or in the Delta Magazine. In 1997 the Delta Township Board of Trustees adopted the Township's first Strategic Plan. The Strategic Plan contains 10 goals and identifies objectives for achieving each of the goals. Among the goals that are included in the Strategic Plan are the preservation of residential and business districts, the efficient provision of public services, and the expansion of recreation opportunities. The Board reviews the Plan approximately every five years to determine whether the objectives have been accomplished and to identify new goals and objectives. The Strategic Plan was reviewed and updated by the Board in 2003. �Sec6on 7 9mfJ/ementa6on The Township might also consider conducting a community survey every several years which would make known resident's impressions, attitudes, and opinions about specific issues related to current or proposed developments. This will help provide a forum for Township officials to better understand the opinions of residents. Furthermore, the survey information will provide the Township with the necessary information they need when reviewing the Plan every five years as required by P.A. 265 of 2001. The Township's Capital Improvements Program is a vehicle to tie the Plan into the Township's budgeting process. The Township's Capital Improvements Program identifies the capital projects that the Township proposes to undertake within the next six years, and the agency responsible for implementation. The Capital Improvements Program should generally follow the development recommendations of this Plan and phase those improvements accordingly. The Township's one year Capital Improvements Budget is intended to address those projects that comport with the overall CIP. The Tri-County Regional Planning Commission recently completed work on a document entitled "Tri-County Regional Growth: Choices For Our Future". The purpose of the project is to seek citizen input into the implications of regional land use and growth trends and to formulate a shared vision of regional growth. Delta Township officials have served on work committees and attended public hearings and should continue their participation in the future. It is recognized that presently local jurisdictions in the Tri-County Region are making individual land use decisions with little oversight or coordination regarding the collective, long-term regional impacts of these decisions. Representatives of the TriCounty Regional Planning Commission intend to present the findings of the regional growth study to each community in the region over the next several years. Delta officials will consider how best to implement the Plan's recommendations, consistent with the Township's goals and objectives. There are many similarities between the contents of the Delta Township Comprehensive Plan and the findings of the Regional Growth Project. Both documents advocate Smart Growth concepts such as cluster development, the provision of open space, the concurrency of utilities, and non-motorized transportation planning. �Section 7 9mfJ/emenfafion Delta Township has in place methods to control growth and development within the Township which include the following: Zoning Ordinance - the Delta Township Zoning Ordinance is used to regulate the use of land as the primary regulatory tool for shaping local growth and development. The ordinance segregates uses into different zoning districts according to their function. A zoning map illustrates all of the zones (residential, office, commercial, industrial). The zoning ordinance establishes development standards for each district. Land Division and Subdivisions - The Delta Township Land Division Ordinance regulates the division of land outside of subdivisions. Property is typically divided into metes and bounds parcels. Personnel from the Township's Assessing and Planning Departments review each land division application to ensure compliance with state and Township laws. The Delta Township Subdivision regulations guide the division of land into multiple lots and are illustrated on a plat. The regulations ensure that the minimum lot size and width requirements are complied with and that issues relating to access, drainage, and utilities are addressed. The Planning Commission reviews subdivision plats with final authority granted to the Township Board of Trustees. Sign Ordinance - Regulations pertaining to signs are contained in a freestanding ordinance being the Delta Township Sign Ordinance. The ordinance is administered by the Township's Code Enforcement Officer and contains provisions regulating the size, height and location of signs. �Section 7 9mfJlemenfation IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE This Section complements the Plan's Goals and Actions. The Implementation Schedule groups the Actions of each of the Goals with the participants responsible for completing the actions and identifies timing and potential funding sources for each action. The Implementation Schedule quickly identifies time frames and permits comparisons between the many actions identified in the Plan. The Township should regularly review the Schedule to ensure actions are accomplished and goals are met. This list of objectives is not a comprehensive list of all actions needed over the next 20 years, but it is a list of the primary actions needed to accomplish the Plan's general goals. The Implementation Schedule also lists participants that include local and state agencies or groups. Quite often an action has several participants marked due to the team effort required to accomplish many actions. The Schedule identifies primary and secondary participants. The Schedule's timing section identifies actions as short-range/ongoing actions (one to three years), medium-range actions (four to ten years) or long-range actions (more than 10 years). Actions often take a considerable length of time to complete, therefore, two or three time periods may be identified. The funding portion of the Schedule identifies potential sources. Funding sources often change as time passes, as do organizations and priorities. Each of these should be periodically reviewed to ensure they are up to date. The following schedule identifies the Implementation Program established in the Plan. �,) L. ~ Sufion 7 9mp/emenlafion PARTICIPANTS: GOVE ASSOCIATES, INC. -~0 1601 PORTAGE STREET KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN C -~ Architects A Engineers A Planners A Surveyors ·eE C 0 u DELTA CHARTER TOWNSHIP -0 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE 00 i 0 >- preferences to infill sites -Ensure higher and low er density housing is compatibly located to eliminate/ minimize conflicts -Ensure smooth transitions between residential and non-residential uses by open space, buffered thoroughfares, and placement of appropriate zoning districts -Enhance the older residential neighborhoods in the eastern portion of the Townshi p through code enforcement, maintenance of public infrastructure, and implementation of traffic calming techniques -Maintain control over development of ne w single-family homes within agricultural areas 0 E .;; .g 0 0"' a. :E ::: 0 ~ ~ >- >- i0 E i0 eg. 0 z 0 u C ,Q 0 t 0 a. C ,g a. 0a. 0 ~ u .£ C -0 "Ea. -~1;; 0 "ii > " Cl t0 .J) i5 .c 0 ·;;; _g "' Jl u ~ " U0 Cl 5 ·a Ii --... u0 0 0 -~ .x ~~"' 5a 0 C 0 ~ §" 0 > i C, LU Cl >- 0 Cl :::;: 11 0 1;; :::;: --... ~ "' zCl :::;: ~ ·e"" E 0 u " ~ -~" -0 C 0 5 • • • • " "> V, 0 f --... ~ .c 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • FUNDING: TIMING • • • E 0 ~ -0 C ·o 'E~ ~ >- u u .c C C E0 LU :g " C E 0 LU e' t0 V, M ~ .Q ;; C "' ·c 0 "'0 0 e C Q >'E~ 0 SECONDARY "' C 0 u 0 0 0 C ·a0 ·eE m u "'>- PRIMARY "'E ~ 'o :::;: -" 0 ""' C 0 "'&, C ~ + 0 "- ~ ~ C ~ ~ C • • • • • a. V, ..c -~ 0 .;; " u 0 "'" u "' Cl Cl ::ii :::;: >--... "" :::;: z"' Cl 0 :,· C 0 0 V, C "> z<( LU 0 ~ " C, 'UC " "' e"' < 0 ·2 " 0" LU 0 Cl C "E .J) °' :,: >- ~ 'oC 0 ~ -0 ~ -£ t5 ~- 0 C -0 0 0 C u. " <( ~ Cl .c C 0" 0 V, :::;: .E ;f 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Cl :::;: 0 :,: 0 -0 ~ > 0 COMMERCIAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT PROVIDE ADEQUATE COMMERCIAL FACILITIES, APPROPRIATELY LOCATED AND TO SCALE, TO SERVE REGIONAL, COMMUNITY AND NEIGHBORHOOD NEEDS -Encourage infill development or the redevelopment of vacant commercial land and/or buildings along the Sagina w Highway corridor, and other older commercial areas -Limit new development on Saginaw Highway to areas east of Broadbent Rood ~ 0 "" E .Q SECONDARY 0 RESIDENTIAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT FACILITATE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT THAT WILL FULFILL THE NEEDS OF THE VARIOUS POPULATION SEGMENTS IN THE TOWNSHIP WH ILE MAINTAINING A BALANCE BETWEEN THE EXISTING URBAN AND RURAL CHARACTER -Identify areas for future residential development that ore within close proximity to e xisting developed areas and already hove the necessary infrastructure with GOAL ST A TEMENT #2 C ·c"' C "'a. cca. ~ GOAL STATEMENT# 1 • PRIMARY -Design commercial areas so that they ore compatible with adjacent residential land uses relating to such items as lighting, traffic circulation, parking, signoge, landscaping and solid waste disposal -Identify commercial areas exhibiting early signs of blight and create action plans to address the problems -Attempt to contain strip commercial development within the existing boundaries along Saginaw Highway -Conduct on annual meeting with the Delta -Side Business Group and the Planning Commission to obtain input from local businesses • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 0 0 • 0 0 • • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 �, it ' Secfion 7 9mp/emenfafion PARTICIPANTS: GOVE ASSOCIATES, INC. .g -~ 5 E 0 u DELTA CHARTER TOWNSHIP "O 0 0:: ~C ~ 0 >- driveway consolidations GOAL ST A TEMENT #3 FUNDING: TIMING PRIMARY 0 SECONDARY e 0. ~ 0 >- ·c0 E V) 0"' 0. ~ ~ C ~ 0 >- e 0. " .E" :: E 0 u C 0 ~ t: 0 0. C 1c z ,:: 0 0 • • • ~ 0 0. 0 u C 0. ~ -.; 0 .D " 0 "' > 0 u .E 0 C Jl > 0 1;; 0 ,,:: ,½ :g·" c.. 0 'ij ' >- §"5 00 0 " :i;: uo D • D D D E 0 t; 1;; ~ ----::" .E :i;: < u ----°'z "O :i;: 0 G 0 D D D D D C, w 0 L ~ ,.,, -~ ·a.E 0 0 "g 0 ·;;; E 0 " ~ ~ -~ " V) .!' 0 > 'C c.. 0 u 0 -E C 0 0 Q C 0 u ----ti E 0 u ·a "',.,, ,.,, c:, :, "O E 0 w 1c ai C .E :, 0 >"O "0.E 5 c"" 1c v ·c _g 0 ~ :c 0 u C E 0 w "' ~ .D 0" u; 0 u C '·o" ""' ""' "' "' "' 0 C C 0 e' ai >~ ,,:: V) M ..:. ii<' ;g C E :, C 0 'ii &, ~ ~ + 0 " 0 C "- ~ :, C " " > e°' " 0" C • w 1;; :x: 0 0 >- 0 C "E ~ < 0 ·g 0. V) C, w 0 -i'lC 0 "':, " C < < w >- ....:i;: z 0 V) c:o. 0 " u"'0 > "'" ~0 E~ 0 ti "O " "- ti ~- 6 () 0 < 0 C "O 0 C 0" -~ 0 :x: "O V) C :, :i;: "- 0 ~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 :i;: 0 :i;: ai ,,:: 6 • • 0 0 z ] > INDUSTRIAL MAINTAIN AN ATTRACTIVE INDUSTRIAL AREA WHICH PROVIDES A DIVERSIFIED TAX BASE AND EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES -Prevent encroachment of existing and planned industrial areas from incompatible land uses -Ensure that th e Township has an ample supply of property located and appropriately sized industrial sites that ore adequately served by public utilities and transportation systems -Leve rage private investment in the industrial tract with ta x incentives by the Township as aporooriate -Continue the Township's efforts to retain existing industrial firms through marketing efforts -Sup port the improvement of roads in the industrial tract to all-weather status GOAL STATEMENT #4 C 0 :c "'0. 0N .s"' C 0 1c -Continue efforts to improve the aesthetics along Saginaw Highway via signage improvements, overhead power lines pieced underground, service drives ond • C C Architects J.. Engineers J.. Planners J.. Surveyors IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE SECONDARY 0 1601 PORTAGE STREET KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN COMPREHENSIVE PLAN • PRIMARY D • • D • D D • D • • D D D D D D • • D D • • • • • D • D • D • • • • • • • • D D D D D • D • • D D D D D D • D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D OPEN SPACE AND RECREATION PROVIDE ADEQUATE OPEN SPACE AREAS, RECREATIONAL FACILITIES AND PROGRAMS FOR PASSIVE AND ACTIVE USE BY TOWNSHIP RESIDENTS -Support linkages (walkable-pathways, and sidew alks) between residentia l areas and recreational facilities whenever reasonably feasible -Support the development of bicycle/ pedestrian corridors (linear porks) within the Township with linkoaes to pathways in adjacent communities -Promote the recreational facilities offered at th e Township 's porks and other recreational areas such as the Woldumar Nature Center and Audubon properties -Encourage new resid ential developments to provide open space for their residents -Pursue o timely and economic open space acquisition and development program as the Townshio's oooulation increases SUPPORT THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DELTA TOWNSHIP NON-MOTORIZED TRANSPORTATION PLAN -Identify and secure funding sources for non-motorized transportation -Township Boord and Porks Commission continue to develop non-motorize d trails parallel to Carrier Creek D D D D D D D D D D D • D • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 0 0 0 0 • • • • • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ••• 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ �, ~ Section 7 9mf)lemenfafion PARTICIPANTS: GOVE ASSOCIATES, INC. 0. ·eE C 0 0 u DELTA CHARTER TOWNSHIP 00 ~ 0 >- -Pursue a policy of managed growth and explore new and innovative methods of achieving beneficial results -Coordinate the Township's land use planning efforts with adjacent communities and the efforts of the Tri-County Regional Planning Commission -Recognize the needs of the diversifying Township population and identify programs to address specific needs -Identify emerging socio-economic trends, such as on aging population, and respond with appropriate planning and zoning techniques -Encourage public involvement when reviewing land development proposals and strive to improve communication between public officials and Township residents and property owners -Take a proactive role in the redevelopment of Brownfield sites -Encourage new development within the Township to follow Smart Growth Concepts, Smart Growth is not "no-orowth " - it is sustainable growth PRESERVE AND PROTECT OPEN SPACE AND FARMLAND WITH VARIOUS PROGRAMS AND POLICIES ~Consider creation of a Purchase of Development Rights (PDR) program, which could include a millage proposal for financing -Recognize and encourage private efforts to preserve open space in Delta Township PRIMARY 0 FUNDING: TIMING SECONDARY e C 0 ~C ~ 0 >- :::0 ·c0 0) .;; 0 0. :E :c ~ ~ 0 >- e 0. C 0 z • • • • • • "" :: 0 u ·eE "E 0 u C 0 ~ t 0 0. ~ 0 ,= C 0. 0 .; > 0 " v ~ i5 0 _g 'O 0 0 L 0 0 C .§ :ii :, 0.. 80 L ·~ 0) • • ~ -~ ·e'j;'.: ·eE E 0 v "u !="~ !" E V) .0 -~ .x-~ ~?:- .,; :i; ._,__ >- g 0::;0 VO "' z 0 ::; • • • • • • 0 > ._,__ C 0 1' 0 ~ u 'O C " •;;; ;; 0 E 0 " ~ 0 > .:: ._,__ ~ "' 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • C '" C ·o 0) .s 0 "'>- 0>- e' 'O 0 0 C :, 0 u C £0 w 0 C :, 0 u C £ 0 w • • • • • • • 0 u • • • • 0 u ~ .0 0) 0 i 0 >- ~ ~ ~ LAND USE PLANNING ENCOURAGE MANAGED GROWTH AND PROVIDE CONTEMPORARY LAND USE REGULATIONS -Keep development codes up-to-dote in accordance with case low 0 -~ "'0. a:0. ~C GOAL STATEMENT #5 0N 0) 'O t~ 0 ·a Architects A Engineers A Planners A Surveyors -Support the efforts of the Parks Commission to connect Hunter Orchard Park with Delta Mills Park -Develop linear frailway along the Grand River connecting to Lansing, Grand Ledge and Portland Troil IDENTIFY AND ESTABLISH PUBLIC ACCESS POINTS TO WATER RESOURCES -Work with the Eaton County Drain Commissioner regarding possible recreational uses of public storm water detention facilities (Broadbent Road ponds, Nix on/ St. Joe pond, Carrier Creek pond south of 1-496) -Contact DEQ representatives and inquire of the status of the Willow Highway access to the Grand River • C "'e C 0 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE SECONDARY 0 1601 PORTAGE STREET KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN COMPREHENSIVE PLAN • PRIMARY ~ >- " 0) C 0 "'E :, t -'o::;" L V) 0 "' ..:. .,; " 0) C 0 "'g> ~ + 0 - ~ :, C .g «' w ~ >- 0 C 0 "E ~ " ..,~ > " "' 0 I 80 'OC :i; 0 z < < w >- ] "':, V) L 0. V) • • • • ~0 < 0 I V) :i; "'0 'O C :, 0 u.. 'O C 0 0" ·~> 0.. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ -E 0 0 0 • • • • • • • • • • e () ~ C C 0 'E- 'O ._,__ = u.." ~ ·g "> ()"' 0"'z 00>- ~ " 0 () " "'" u :i; ::; 0 0 I u 0" .;; 0 0 • 0 0 • • 0 0 0 0 0 0 �._ ~ ~ Section 7 9m/Jlemenlafion PARTICIPANTS: GOVE ASSOCIATES, INC. ·.=8 1601 PORTAGE STREET KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN -~ 5 0 u DELTA CHARTER TOWNSHIP IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE 0 -~"' a. ;;: a. ~ ., 0 ~ 0N :c' ~ :E 0 0 ea. t ~C a. >- • • • • • • • • • -Research the pros and cons of a possible millage for an open space acquisition program -Conduct legal research a s to the possibility of mandating preservation of a percentage of subdivision sites as open space -Consider mandating that a percentage of office/ commercial sites be preserved as open space "Ea. oi > >- 0 E ,Q >- 0 ~ ,'!. "O u 0 ~ -Meet with the Parks & Recreation Commission to obtain their comments and concerns regarding open space prese rvation/ acquisition 0 0 0"' ::: l,'.' ~ E u 'c' C 0 ""E !: ~ 0 5 z C 0 ~ 0 ,= 0 " -~ 0 C .§ t; 1;; i5 0 .c .Ji 0 0 '- 0 ::, 0.. g .D .c "' 0 'ii ::E z ·" '?5 C. . :,; ~ >- 0 0 0 " uo ::E '0,: z0 ::E • ~ " " ·e= g 0 1;; ~ :g" 5 0 E ~ V) ~ -~ 0 0 u "O 0 ,5 o': C E::, '- u u ~ C C G 6 ::, 0 E 0 w -Investigate the creation of an Urban Service Boundary to encourage development/ redevelopment In the existing developed areas of the Township -Determine if there are barriers to adaptive re -use of existing buildings in Delta Township -Identify vacant non-residential sites and strategies to facilitate their redevelopment -Meet with the Delta Township Economic Development Corporation (EDC) to shore items of a mutual interest regording the redevelopment of retail sites • • • • -Initi ate a review of the Delta Township Strategic Pion by the Planning Commission -Continue promotion of shored recreational programs between Grand Ledge and Waverly Schools and Delta Township -Correlate the Townshi p's Capitol Improvements Program with the goals & objectives in the Comprehensive Pion -Conduct an annual meeting of Delta Township decision-makers with elected officials of adjoining Townships to identify & discuss items of a mutual interest -Recognize the need to approach specific Issues such as transit, airport, solid waste, cultural programs (arts), Potter Pork Zoo on a regional basis • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • '? V) E 0 w • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ""' ~ w 1;; I 5 =g ::, C 0 ::, C 0,: C i5 0 ~ E 0 .;; ~ 0 t 0 0 ~ : ,,;- C C "O ::, C V) • • • • • • • • • • • E u 0 C " :g ~ >- z "E ;, g < 00 > j 0 " "'&, ~ 'o ::E >" " .,0 "-::E J 0 0 " c.., '- g ..E ~ ·g > ., "' 0 z 0 .c~ + 0 - c..," a. "'"" u0 ::E0 ::E0 6 "'E • • • • • FACILITATE SERVICE FUNCTIONS BETWEEN DELTA TOWNSH IP AND OTHER AGENCIES • t: _g 0 ,- • • • • • • -Continue the policy of a Delta Township representative attending meetings of the Eaton County Road Commission and EA TRAN -Review the Strategic Plans for Grand Ledge and Wave rly Schools C • • • ESTABLISH "REDEVELOPMENT" POLICIES THAT ENCOURAGE REDEVELOPMENT AND PRESERVATION OF EXISTING STRUCTURES AND PROPERTIES " 0"' "'0 E' ~ >- ;;;- :g C 0 C -~" '·o" 0 "',_ 0,_ 0 u C 0 u e ,Q C ·e ·eE E SECONDARY "' C -~ -~ " > PRIMARY 0 FUNDING: TIMING E ::, 0 ·.: .c 0 • ~ i a. ·eE SECONDARY a. e0 C Architects A Engineers A Planners A Surveyors COMPREHENSIVE PLAN • PRIMARY < 0 I V) ::E ~ 6 "O 0 C "O 0" ~ C ::, 0 u,_ 0 > ~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 �t ' ~ Secfion 7 9mfJ/emsnfafion PARTICIPANTS: GOVE ASSOCIATES, INC. C 0 ·a C E 0 0 u DELTA CHARTER TOWNSHIP 0N ·c O> 'O 00 ., a. ~ .£ C C 0 0:: a. ~ ~0 ~C 0 u ....0 a. a. .E Architects A. Engineers A. Planners A. Surveyors IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE SECONDARY • ::: 2 V) a. :c 0 O> 0 ,,: eg. i i ~ ....0 ....0 ....0 z0 ~ Cl> Cl> .E = cCl> E 0 u C 0 ~ t: 0 a. ~ E a. 0 -.; > Cl> 0 t; ~ 0 0 0 0 _g 0 .J:l L O> 0 C 0 g _; ::E ~ ----z"' -~ 0 ·.; L J 0.. 0 w Cl> uo ::E 0 ::E Cl> 'O > .; ----Cl> = °E E 0 u C Cl> N ·a0 E E 0 0 u Cl> 'O 0 t; V) Cl> 0 > 0:: .; ----- 8 0 6 0 °' °E u ·oC 0 0 t c>- 0 u J u C 0 0 w C C '·o" 0 J 0 C 0 0 w e ,Q O> C -~0 .E 0 -~ .x-~ r-;:z . :;; §~ 0 0 ....e .§ C i ~ SECONDARY .; r Cl> 'O PRIMARY 0 FUNDING: TIMING 5 1601 PORTAGE STREET KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN COMPREHENSIVE PLAN • PRIMARY O> C e· ~ O> C 0 ~ °'E C J 'o Cl> ::E V) M 0 ..; O> 0 "'&, C J + - 0 ~ ~ Cl> °'0 .; Cl> ~ 0 C ·g (.'.) V) Cl> a. REVIEW THE PREDOMINANCE OF LARGE LOT, LOW DENSITY RESIDENTIAL 0 z<( Cl> :;: u.. 0 0 C E 't) C 0 J C .... ~ Cl> °' 00 ----"' z u ::E (.'.) 0 0 i" 0 0 u.. :g_ u .;; 0 Cl> c0 Cl> 2 0 i'....i'i ::E "' .J:l J w ....I ~ ~ -;. 0 L ~ :g C '5 'oC () ~- .; 'O Cl> .; 0 0 ::E -E 0 0 0 <( 0 I .; 6 'O C 0 0 'O .!! ~ 0 V) C J > ::E u.. 0:: 0 DEVELOPMENT IN DELTA TOWNSHIP AND THE IMPACT, WHICH IT HAS -Review the Township's existing Planned Unit Development regulations and suggest promote its use. Encourage input from the development changes which would community -Consider the possible reduction of minimum lot sizes and widths in each zoning district -Consider reducing the minimum floor area requirements in the residential zoning districts -Identify possible sites for higher density residential development where vacant land exists oublic transit is available, utilities adequate, arterial roads available, etc. MAINTAIN A HIGH QUALITY OF LIFE IN EXISTING RESIDENTIAL AREAS - Promote a "demonstration project" for troffic calming in a neighborhood experiencing speeding or cut-thru traffic -Promote/support the Property Maintenance Code which was adopted in 2002 -Meet with Eaton County Sheriffs Deportment and inquire as to their needs. Discuss speed enforcement, identify traffic conaestion areas, discuss manoower, etc. -Provide input into the Township Hazard M itigation Plan required by November 2004 -Consider establishing a tree nursery on Township land to eventually plant native trees along public streets -Consider hiring the services of a landscape architect to assist staff in site plan reviews, helo the Parks Department, review Township orooerties, etc. -Establish a tool loan program for low and moderate income households -Resist commercial/office develooment intrusions into residential neiahborhoods -Inform/ encourage residents to erect pedestrian scale streetlights in existing residential neighborhoods per the Township's established procedure s -Investigate the possibility of Delta Township assisting the Eaton County Habitat for Humanity in constructing affordable homes in the Township -Address the oroblem of maintainina common areas in residential subdivisions PRESERVE AND PROTECT CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL SITES -Inventory Delta Township's historical sites (Grange Hall, Moon Log Cabin) 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • -- • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 �' ' Secfion 7 9mf)kmenu,fion PARTICIPANTS: GOVE ASSOCIATES, INC. 1601 PORTAGE STREET KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN .Q a -~ ·eE Architects ...l Engineers A Planners A Surveyors "" u a ·eE "E -~ a. -:;; -~ C .Q 0 u O> DELTA CHARTER TOWNSHIP IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ~ 0 0 -~ C 0 O> ., ii: .;; a. ~ a. ~ :c ~ 0 0 a. ~ ~ 3 I- I- I- D D • D 0 0 0 l= 0 u C C 0 .; 0 .Q > 0 0 -~g .; a. at Q" a. C C z .= 0 0 0 .J:: SECONDARY a. ~ 0a. 0 C 0 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN • PRIMARY ~ ~ > -E 0 i5 ..a ..c O> 0 ·.; C, w Q 0 :0 § 0. 0 Q 0 " ,?_ uo ::E ~ -..... i "' z ]" Q ::E I- g ::E .; .t" E E 0 u C ·eE ·eE 0 u " " ·5 t; V) 0 0 a"> "' -Support MOOT in their efforts to reconstruct the 1-96/Soginaw interchange • • D • • • -Continue to support the Eaton County Rood Commission's street resurfacing program for residential streets -Encourage sufficient funding to repair sidewalks, fill in gaps in the sidewalk system, provide sidewalks and/or bike lanes in conjunction with new/ rebuilt roadways and mandate the provision of sidewalks in conjunction with new development -Encourage the provision of public transit service to the Township's residential, commercial and Industrial areas -land uses generating significant amounts of traffic shall be served by thoroughfares D • D D • • • • thot con solely and odequotely handle the traffic PROMOTE THE USE OF PUBLIC TRANSIT SERVICES D D -locate public facilities in close proximity to public transit • • • • D D D D D D D D D D D IMPROVE THE WEST SAGINAW HIGHWAY STREETSCAPE -Support efforts to bury the overhead electrical lines on West Saginaw Highway :, :, u ~ -Create and fund a program for driveway closures on West Saginaw Highway -Continue to support stringent enforcement of the Township's Sign Ordinance GOAL STATEMENT #7 PUBLIC SERVICES AND FACILITIES ENCOURAGE SUFFICIENT AND AVAILABLE PUBLIC SERVICES AND FACILITIES TO MEET THE GROWING NEEDS OF THE TOWNSHIP -Provide law enforcement and fire protection that meet the needs of the Township to ensure the safety and well-being of Delta Town ship residents and property -Mandate residential properties and commercial and industrial businesses connect to public water systems when available -Explore the benefits of privatizing and/or shoring facilities and services with other communities -Develop procedures for greater collaboration and coordination of efforts between school districts and the Township • • • • D • D • D • C D D D D D D D D D D D D • D • • D D D C £ £ w 0 D D D 0 w • D D 0 0 SECONDARY e C 0 O> s :g c0 C C .E "'Iw O> 5 0 '" ·5 0 E. -~ t t ~t 0.. • • • D C -..... u0 -Continue to support the Township's efforts to encourage the establishment of a boulevard on Saginaw Highway west of 1-96 via right-of-way acquisition, the 0 u 0 TRANSPORTATION GOAL STATEMENT #6 SUPPORT EFFORTS TO IMPROVE TRANSPORTATION SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE TOWNSHIP IN ORDER TO FACILITATE SAFE AND EFFICIENT MOTORIZED AND NON-MOTORIZED TRANSPORTATION preparation of a boulevard design, and continued dialogue with MOOT officials 0 ~ " 0 0 0-= N PRIMARY C -~5 -~ 0 -..... 0 0 FUNDING: TIMING ~ §" -0 jj ~ u ~vi 0 t; "g, 0 "'E :, 'o ::E" - 0 ..c V) 0 "' ...'. " " O> C 0 "' ~ ~ + 0 ~ .; :, C I- c "~ "> Sl "'" < 0 0 C, ;, w Q C ::E ~ -..... ~ ·g ">~ 0., "' z " a. 0" "'" u ::E • • • • • • • ••• • • • • < < w 0 z IV) ,::. I- 0 0 Q £" V) 0 Q ::E Q :, IL Q V) C 'o C u i' 0 0 0 ~- ~ "l ~ 6 ~ 6 0 " V) I " ~ 0 > ::E IL < Q ~ C :, 0 C 0 ;E 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 �• ' ~ Su:fion 7 9mp/emmfAfion PARTICIPANTS: GOVE ASSOCIATES, INC. ~ C -~ 0 ·eE Architects J... Engineers J.. Planners J.. Surveyors C .!? 0 u "U 00 "' "~ i0 >- -Id entify valuable historic a ssets within the Township and develop programs and societies to preserve and p romote those a ssets -Develop infrastructure (water, sanitary sewer) in phased expansion, concurrent with new construction -Develop on approach to planning and development that emphasizes coordination and cooperation bet ween Delta Town ship and surrounding communiti es through mutual financing and operation of area-wide and regional facilities PROMOTE THE EXTENSION OF PUBLIC WATER AND SANITARY SEWER SERVICE -Promote the Township Subdivision Ordinance's requirement that mandates public sanitary sewer and water service for new subd ivisions -Support the proposed mandatory water main connection ordinance -Support the utility extensions recommend ed in the Delta Township Sanitary Sewer and Water System Long Range Study, Februory 1998 GOAL STATEMENT #8 • ·c0 -~ O> " ·'"E-' E 0 u C a: .;; 0 .!? "~ "- ·"' 0 t ~ 0 i0 >- 0 i0 >- g0 z 0 0 "C 0 ,= "~ 0 "0 C "E"- -~t; t; 0 .; > 0 " 0 0 0 -~ .x-~ L -E 0 .0 L O> ·;;; z ?.,; >:g ~ g 00 uo ~ Jl 0 C 0.. C -~ ·eE 0 >- > "U 0 0 ~ ----~ -Promote the extension of public water and sanitary sewer services to those areas in th e Township where the public health is threatened by on-site systems -Prese rve prime farmland through zoning regulations and other applicable methods PROTECT AND ENHANCE GROUNDWATER AQUIFERS, NATURAL RECHARGE AREAS, AND SURFACE WATER RESOURCES FROM CONTAMINATION -Inventory Delta Township 's water resources including wetlands, streams, ponds, etc. via the GIS System -Adopt the TCRPC Well Head Management Pion and Ordinance Amendments -Consider adoption of zoning ordinance amendments that would limit the amount of impervious surfaces in commercial developments. Consider a limit on the maximum number of parking spaces above the minimum that can be provided on a site • 0 t; " "'" 2 ·e 0 u "U 0 :i E 0 u 0 t; V, ~ .s 0 0 0 0.. J J C C 0 0 C • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • -~t; ci C ·oO> " C I ~ O> 0 0 !' "'E 1B" "g> ~ 0 c 0 ~J .0 u.. -c~ 2 u 0 J C • • ~0 C V, V, • • • "U "U J C " ~- 6 () <( L V, " 0 2 V, <( 0 I V, ~ C 0 0 "U 2 0 ;f :g C J u.. 0 > 0 0 0 0 0 • • • • • • • • • • 0 C C • e ·s O> J • • • • • • • SECONDARY C C 0 • • • • • • • • • • • 0 z 0 "E 0 w 0 "O >>- >> 0 " 0 iti .; E "' >~ ~ ~ u0 -~ c0 c0 t" 'o g> "'" ~" "'0 =J' " ~ u u e 0 " >J " ---.; "' - -0 0+ " -~ "> ()"'0 ----z"'0 00 1 z :g -"~ ---E E M 0 '5 ~ 0 G 6 w w ..:. - ()" "- "'" u ~ ~ 6 ~ • • • • • • • • • PRIMARY .; .; ~J i0 u FUNDING: TIMING ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECT THE QUALITY OF THE TOWNSHIP'S NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS -Assist the Eaton County Drain Commissioner in efforts to promote storm water management practices -Identify soils highly conducive to agricultural production, such as those found in southwestern Delta Township, and attempt to preserve forming activities in such areas -Support the Township's Flood Plain Management efforts -Promote the use of the Grand River for recreation and build upon this valuable asset 0 0N O> DELTA CHARTER TOWNSHIP IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE SECONDARY a 1601 PORTAGE STREET KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN COMPREHENSIVE PLAN • PRIMARY • • • •• • • • • • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 �._ t ' .Secfion 7 9mp/emenfllfion PARTICIPANTS: GOVE ASSOCIATES, INC. .2 1601 PORTAGE STREET KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN C ·a·e Architects J.. Engineers J.. Planners J.. Surveyors DELTA CHARTER TOWNSHIP "CJ IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE 00 "'a. -Consider a stream buffer ordinance to reduce pollution from run-off and erosion -Consider the adoption of a Township Wetlands Protection Ordinance -Recommend Tow nship financing of a w ell capping program for abandoned private wells -Participate in phase II of the Federal Storm w ater Management Program in an effort to improve the quality of storm water runoff -Support the Eaton County Drain Commissioner in the enforcement of Compiled Rules CREATE PROGRAMS PERTAINING TO TREE PRESERVATION -Analyze the pros and cons of a Delta Township tree preservation ordinance -Consider inse rting incentives in the Zoning Ordinance which would grant a "bonus" for oreservation of mature trees -Consi der mandating the installation of one street tree per subdivision lot at time of house construction 0 0:: ~ a. ~ .....0 .....0 ~ C 0 ~ ::: 0 u .; -~ e" 0 C 0 ~ 0 ~ ~a. t: 0 a. .....0 z 0 ,= a. ~ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • C 0 C 0 0 0 "Ea. :gt; -E 0 .0 0 > 0 0 C, JC -~"' -~ ;xu l " 0 :, w 0 0 ~.,; 0 C Jl ~ ..... § C. 0 0 0 " uo =1' • ~ 0 t; -~ =1' < ----z"' "CJ =1' 0 0 " ~ ----- "" ·e= E 0 u C -~" G ~ Vl 2 ·a ·a ·eE ·eE m ·o ~ 0 0 u u "' "' () ·o 0 > f ----~ -E 0 "CJ 0 C 0 E 0 w • • 0 u 0 ,..'. 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 w C • • C 0 0 "',.._ 0,.._ ,!e' "':,E c:, c:, t: 'o u e JC Vl M -" =1' 0 0 "' C 0 5 C C 0 SECONDARY ~ ~ 5 0 > PRIMARY 0 FUNDING: TIMING c"" ~ "CJ • ~ ~ .....0 0 C a. 0 0 a. 0 u u -~"' SECONDARY ""e ·= E C E 0 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN • PRIMARY ~ o2' w ~t; :r: 0 0 ..... 0 C "' ~ "E "'&, "> ~ C 0 C ~ + 0 "'0" ~ C " - •" • (.'.) • • • • • • < 0 -Ci 0 C (.'.) "a. ""> "'u0 "' Vl 0 z<( =1' ~ ..... w 0 -g "'~ C, ~ 'o C 0 f0 "CJ " ----"' z =1' 0 =1' 6 JC <( 0 0 Vl :r: "CJ C :, =1' u.. 0 l! 6 "CJ C 0 0" > ~ 0 0 0 • 0 ~-- () ~ u.. ~ 0 c0 u 20 .;, 0 0 ..... 0 :g :, u.. 0 0 0 ��- • National Functional Classification "" Delta River National Functional Classification -NFC Updated FAUB c:J Previous FAUB n ~ z x· g !l!. "'a. Central Cir Sloan Hwy "'a. Miles Mi ll ett Hwy ..., - - NFC Local Roads NFC • Federal Aid Eligible Rural/Urban Interstate Rural/Urban Other Principal Arterial Rural/Urban Other Freeway Rural/Urban Minor Arterial Rural Major/Urban Collector Rural Minor Collector 0 .9 1.8 2 .7 Urban NFCs are within federal aid urban boundaries. ��DELTA TOWNSHIP OPINION SURVEY ~ Dear Delta Township Resident The Township is developing a Master Plan to guide community development over the next 20 years Whtie change 1s inevitable, how that change occurs is up to the residents of the Township. What follows is a community questionnaire that asks demographic, economic. social and environmental questions to help determine both present community concerns and future community needs. LET US KNOW YOUR OPINIONS BY ANSWERING THIS IMPORT ANT SURVEY There are no wrong answers or opinions. All responses will be tabulated anonymously by an independent consulting firm to get a comprehensive overview of how residents feel about these issues When mailing, please tri-fold and staple or tape the survey and send it with the attached address visible. If you wish to avoid the cost of mailing the survey you can drop it off at the Township's drop box on the north side of the Township Hall. We will make the results known as soon as possible. Thank you for participating in this important effort. Joseph Drolett, Delta Township Supervisor Please indicate how ou feel about each of the followin Current Issues/Conditions in the Townshi 1 ISSUES Not a Problem Possible Problem Slight Problem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Protection of groundwater D1v1s1on of farmland for residential development In the Township Amount of open space 1n the Township Amount of wetlands In the Township Soil protection meRsures 1n the Township Tratt,c volume on W . Saginaw Trnff1c speeds on Township roads 0 Ava1tab1loty of sidewalks • Appearance of West Saginaw corridor Traffic volumes in residential areas 0 0 oderate Problem Serious Problem 0 No nlon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CONDITIONS 2 Excellent Quality of dnnking water (pnvate well) Quality of onnk1ng water (public water service) Storm Drainage Police protection Fire protecloon Zoning code enforcement Building code enforcement Recycling services Road maintenance C!lblevis1on Service Public bus service (CATA & EATRAN) Blight/Junk Enforcement Gener.:1I Quality of life 1n the Township Park f;ic1lilies and programs District librflry facilt1y and services Ambulance/EMT Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Good Fair 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Poor 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ve 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 oor No Qnion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a �• Please indicate how ou feel about each of the followin 113 Future Issues and Concerns Strongly Single family housing should be encouraged in the Township . Tax abatements should be granted to attract industrial development into the Township . Development of more parks ,md recreation facil1t1es should be encouraged in the Township . Farmland in the Township should be preserved. Open space In the Township should be preserved. Signs m the Township nre being adequatelyregulated Township roilds are generaily ln gOOd cond111on . Police protection in the Township Is snt1slactory Fire protection ,n the Township 1s adequate Ambulance service in the Township is acceptable. The Township should provide yard waste pickup Recycling services offered by the Township are reasonable . The Townst11p should promote expansion of water mains ;:ind sanitary sewers to unserved areas. Property taxes rn the Township are reasonable The Township should assist 111 organizing neighborhoods so residents can better represent themselves . The Township needs to encourage MOOT to create a boulevard on West Saginaw H1ghw,iy. The Township needs to take steps to create a recognizable 1dent1ty. Side valks should be mandated ,n all new developments . The Township should finance the installation of side valks where they're presently non-eX1stent . The Township should adopt a Housing Code to encourage property maintenimce. The Township should stringently regulate the install<1tion of communication towers Township officials are doing a satisfactory job communicating with residents. The Township needs to finance the paving of gravel roads Power lines along West Saginaw Highway should be buned . Infill commercial development should be encouraged rather thlln the conversion of open space Tl'le Twp. needs to support items of regional interest such as solid waste, CATA, tho Zoo and Airport. 4a The Township should encourage tho construction ot more east-west roads . Library fac1hlies in the Township are lldequate. 4 Act Acr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 u 0 0 B B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Neutral 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 •• • 80 80 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 •0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 Which of the following issues 1n the Township do you feel are the MOST important and should be addressed? Please mark only five. 1 being most important, 5 being least important of the five Police Protection TraHic Congestion Road maintenance Public Acquisition of Open Space Fire Protection Sidewalk Construction Library Facilities - Future Issues/Concerns CommunIc<1tIon with Residents Parks/Recreation Fac,liltes § I I �5 Would you be willing to pay add1t1onal taxes to address one or all of those five issues? Yes ............... .....Q '116 No •. . . . . • . • . If not all , list ones for which you stated "Yes" . 7 Are there conditions at a particular location in the Township you feel should be improved? If so, what and where? 8 Additional comments on these and or other Delta Township issues. The following section asks general household information. All information provided will be kept confidential and surve s will be tabulated anon mousl . 9 On which street in the Township do you live? 10 Where do you work? Della Township •...... .. Eaton County other than Delta Township .. .. .. City of Lansing .. . • Q Q Q City of E11st Lansing .. . ... Ingham County other than the City of Lansing & East Lansing ................ ..... Q 0 Clinton County ......... , .Q At Home .............. ........... Q Reh red or not employed .....Q • All flround Michigan or the U.S ......... . .............. Elsewhere (not identified above) ................... .. 0 11 Please name the community 1f you selected "elsewhere" 12 Please indicate your age category 25 or younger ........ .. .. .. ..Q 26-44 ............. . 45-64 ....................... -0 o 65+ . . . . . . · · • .•.. . 7 ........ .. 8 or more. 8 8 14 How many persons in your household are currently employed Full Time? 1 • • • . . .. .. . .. .... 2.... ........ ..... ... .. ... ....... ·B 3 ......................... .............. None ....................... ..Q 4 or more ....................... .. 8 15 How many persons in your household are currently employed Part Time? t .. . .. ... ... . . ...... 3 ........................... None ........................... O 2. ... .. .. .. . ... ..... ... .. .. 4 or more ................ .. 16 Do you have any children under 18 livmg at home? Q Yes ...................... ... No • . .. 17 Is anyone m your household over 65? Yes....... .. . ... . .. . .... Q . ....... .•. No .......... ... . :·:·:::::.. :.. :::::.::8 �• 18 In which type of dwelling do you live? Q S1ng1e.Fam1ly Home . Ap;irtment . O Duplex ......... . . . . . . . Mobile Home . .. .. ..... ....... Rent .. 3 to 5 years . .. O -0 Condom,nium .... ...... .. ...... Q More than 20 years ........ 0 ........ .o 20 How long have you owned.'rented proporty in Della Township? Less than 3 years .. .. .. .. Q Q 6 to 9 years .. .. .. ... . 0 o 10 to 20 years ......... ........ 21 Annual Household Income (Please check the applicable range). NOTE: THIS INFORMATION IS FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES ONLY. REMEMBER, YOUR RESPONSE IS ANONYMOUS Less than $24,999 . .. S50,000•$74,999 .. , .. .Q $25,000 •S49,999 . .. . .. Q S75,000·$99.999 .. ... ... . Q S100.000·S124.999 ...... ..Q S125,000 or more.. •• • .Q 22 Please indicate the type of school your child/children attend? - ,f any? preschool ....... ......... public . ... ..... . ...... . .. .. pnvate1pr1roch1al . • • Q Q -0 23 What school district are you in? Waverly .................... -0 charter ........ .............. ·--0 home school , ... .. .... ... no children In school .. ... ... o Q Grand Ledge .. ... .. ..... ....Q Davenport University/Lansing Community College .. . .. .. . Michigan State University ... Q 0 Lansing . ... .. . .. •. , .. , .Q Holt ............... .......... .......Q •• __ ••• __ ....• - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - fold here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - • - - - - - - - ~ Delta Township . . . , 7710 W Sag,naw H1911way Lans,ng, M1ch1g.in 48917-9712 Delta Township 7710 W Saginaw Highway Lansing, Michigan 48917-9712 . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - fold here - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - �• �• U:..:: L C ~- -It ~I-- (l - u ' --_,-=-•..~l' ·---{ T N 5 00.. -7 ~I (/l "' !i t;" r: .i ~ ~ 'J: 0 !- Q. U! :_. :: i !i~ z;t'j \J ·.~~ I I V, ij ;: ~ 0 < Z{: _ I II I I ). -~JJ z z J ' I 0 Ct: I ----- z LLJ 0 , a i ~ t 7 t n r; ij l 0 - . --- ( ..... ~ ' 1 ~) 'l j ~ ! • t r f' ~ 'l ·1 II . ...... � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyckoff Planning and Zoning Collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Planning & Zoning Center (Lansing, Mich.) (Organization) Wyckoff, Mark A. Description An account of the resource Municipal master plans and zoning ordinances from across the state of Michigan, spanning from the 1960s to the early 2020s. The bulk of the collection was compiled by urban planner Mark Wyckoff over the course of his career as the founder and principal planner of the Planning and Zoning Center in Lansing, Michigan. Some additions have been made to the collection by municipalities since it was transferred to Grand Valley State University. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960/2023 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Subject The topic of the resource Michigan Comprehensive plan publications Master plan reports Zoning--Michigan Zoning--Maps Maps Land use--planning Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-240 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Language A language of the resource eng Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Delta-Twp_Comprehensive-Plan_2004 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gove Associates, Inc. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2004-06 Title A name given to the resource Delta Township Comprehensive Plan Description An account of the resource The Delta Township Comprehensive Plan was prepared by Gove Associates, Inc. in June 2004. Subject The topic of the resource Comprehensive Plan publications Delta Township (Mich.) Eaton County (Mich.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/870">Planning and Zoning Center Collection (RHC-240)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/">No Copyright - United States</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/52ee2eec2d0320a443c5b45235bb5d1d.jpg 52d048a323222971fab69c8e36ec66cb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1990s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_001030 Title A name given to the resource Delta Zeta sorority sisters Description An account of the resource Delta Zeta sorority sisters. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Students Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/f161849be3583e03fe07a7abb10bbb72.jpg 203805f069f783436592411017b06343 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faces of Grand Valley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource University Communications Description An account of the resource A non-comprehensive collection of photographs of Grand Valley faculty, staff, administrators, board members, friends, and alumni. Photos collected by University Communications for use in promotion and information sharing about Grand Valley with the wider community. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960s - 1990s Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived GV012-03. University Communications. Vita Files Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copryight Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University College administrators College teachers Colleges and universities -- Faculty Michigan Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DeMaagdHarvey Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. University Communications Title A name given to the resource DeMaagd, Harvey Description An account of the resource Harvey DeMaagd, College Physician Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University – History Michigan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived University Communications. Vita Files, 1968-2016 (GV012-03) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. Special Collections and University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/6a20981d0eb0526b941b6fbe59f12853.jpg 44244209331e8070fe7fbc275a255b76 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_FilmPacks_10_007 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1937-08-01 Title A name given to the resource Demons' Anvil, Wisconsin Dells Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph (slightly overexposed) of a man and a woman standing next to the Demon's Anvil stone formation at Wisconsin Dells. A lake is visible in the background. Subject The topic of the resource Wisconsin Dells (Wis.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2d0465f36068ae4365f80abf110a3d4d.jpg 5746c70156b56fd2a388749cd51ceaf5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_C012-0017 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1962-01-30 Title A name given to the resource Demonstration at MSU Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of featuring a group of people protesting during an anti-war demonstration at Michigan State University, as taken on January 30, 1962. In the photograph, the group of people can be seen holding signs that say, "The Arms Race or The Human Race?", "Peace is Patriotic", and "Co-Existence or No Existence." Photograph by Douglas R. Gilbert. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan State University East Lansing (Mich.) College campuses Anti-war demonstrations Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/73dca1d9d08211a21e717278952fc36f.jpg 7f78eefd757b3bbc04ba2ed64c7cf6cc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_C012-0021 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1962-01-30 Title A name given to the resource Demonstration at MSU Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of featuring a group of people marching on campus while protesting during an anti-war demonstration at Michigan State University, as taken on January 30, 1962. In the photograph, the group of people can be seen marching down the campus street during the wintertime while holding various signs, including one that says, "Co-Existence or No Existence." Photograph by Douglas R. Gilbert. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan State University East Lansing (Mich.) College campuses Anti-war demonstrations Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/82ef672eed9576b2153ffb7440e4badf.jpg bd87e0ba37a518b313147805e3d4d596 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Douglas R. Gilbert Photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R., 1942-2023 Description An account of the resource Photographs scanned from negatives and transparencies from the Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183). Douglas R. Gilbert (b. 1942) is an American photographer from Michigan. He was born in Holland, Michigan and is the son of Russell W. and Carmen (Andree) Gilbert. Gilbert earned a B.A. in social sciences and art at Michigan State University in 1964, an M.S. in photography from the Institute of Design at Illinois Institute of Technology in 1972, and a M.S.W. from Salem State College in 1993. He is married to Barbara (McDonald) Gilbert, and has three daughters, Robyn, Rachel, and Anne. Gilbert took a serious interest in photography at the age of fourteen. In 1963 he joined the staff of Look magazine in New York as the second youngest photojournalist in the magazine's history. As a Look photographer from 1964 to 1966, he photographed folk musician Bob Dylan, the Newport Folk Festival, Simon and Garfunkel, the New York City Financial District, the children and facilities at the Manhattan School for Seriously Disturbed Children. From 1967 to 1969, Gilbert did several shoots, including that of folk singer Janis Ian for Life magazine. After moving to Chicago, Illinois in 1969 to attend the Illinois Institute of Technology, Gilbert conducted notable photo shoots of business and political figure Lenore Romney, and pursued more personal and artistic photography, focusing on urban and rural landscapes in Illinois and Michigan. He then joined the faculty of Wheaton College, where he taught from 1972 to 1982. In 1993, Gilbert graduated from Salem State College, Massachusetts, with a Masters in Social Work, and later pursued a second career as a psychotherapist. Douglas Gilbert died in June 2023. Throughout his photography career, he pursued both freelance commercial work as well as artistic work. His art photography is characterized by its classic black-and-white format, and features people, places and objects shot great attention and sensitivity. Gilbert's works are held in the permanent collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, and the Grand Valley State University Art Galleries, as well as in numerous private and institutional collections. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960-2011 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="%E2%80%9Dhttps%3A//gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783%E2%80%9D">Douglas R. Gilbert Papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Subject The topic of the resource Photographs Photography -- United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Image Type The nature or genre of the resource image/jpeg Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-183_C013-0027 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilbert, Douglas R. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1962-01-30 Title A name given to the resource Demonstration at MSU Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of featuring a group of people protesting during an anti-war demonstration at Michigan State University, as taken on January 30, 1962. In the photograph, the group of people are marching down a snow-covered campus sidewalk and passing a sign for the United States Army Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC). The group is marching by while holding signs that say, "The Arms Race or The Human Race?", "Peace is Patriotic", and "Co-Existence or No Existence." Photograph by Douglas R. Gilbert. Scanned from the negative. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan State University East Lansing (Mich.) College campuses Anti-war demonstrations Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/783">Douglas R. Gilbert papers (RHC-183)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/452263f62af1f9f113d4aec61581061b.jpg 531276e037197d8cc7dc57bef56506e4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1960s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000252 Title A name given to the resource Demonstrators at anti-Vietnam war protest Description An account of the resource Demonstrators protesting President Johnson's policies on Vietnam. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Students Student movements Events Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/36e1106395c5d5c93de33d39275282ba.pdf 84bb7dc1bf45614d6e1ea8e116f0803d PDF Text Text 1 Grand Valley State University Special Collections Kent County Oral History collections, RHC-23 Mr. Donald G. Denison. Interviewed on May 15, 1975 Edited and indexed by Don Bryant, 2010 – bryant@wellswooster.com Tape # 50 (51:21) Biographical Information Donald G. Denison was born 22 April 1891 in Grand Rapids and died 21 Aug 1983. He was the son of Arthur C. Denison and Susan L. Goodrich. He married Adeline Smith in 1917. Arthur Carter Denison, son of Julius Coe Denison and Cornelia Carter was born 11 November 1861 in Paris Township, Kent County. He died 24 May 1942 in Cleveland, Ohio and was buried in the Oak Hill Cemetery in Grand Rapids. Susan L. Goodrich, daughter of Hiram and Cornelia Goodrich, was born on 17 June 1864 in Grand Rapids and died on 5 May 1896 at the age of 31 and was buried in Oak Hill Cemetery. Arthur and Susan were married 7 September 1886 in Grand Rapids. On 24 May 1898 Arthur married as his second wife, Julia B. Barlow, the daughter of Heman G. and J. Ruth (Hall) Barlow. Julia was born in November 1875 in Grand Rapids. She passed away on 6 July 1956 in Grand Rapids and was buried in Oak Hill Cemetery. ___________ Interviewer: This is the interview being conducted at the residence of Mr. Donald Denison, 31 South Prospect, on May fifteenth, nineteen seventy-five. I thought we’d start the interview by talking about the death of Mr. Denison’s grandfather which occurred on June twenty-fifth, eighteen seventy-seven. I’ll let you take it on from there, Mr. Denison. Donald: Alright, I’ll begin on how he got there. He came out here, I think in the early fifties, perhaps, and he bought two farms…one to the north of Grand Rapids and one to the south of Grand Rapids. And he farmed both of these places for several years. Somewhere along the way he…. he came into knowledge of this house at the corner of Ransom and Lyon. Interviewer: At the northwest corner, right? Donald: Yes. Interviewer: Which had been left high and dry in the air, by the cutting down of Ransom Street and Lyon Street, and I suppose he bought it for a comparative bargain because of that reason. Interviewer: Do you know who built the house? �2 Donald: No, but, somewhere around here is a clipping that tells all about it, I can perhaps find it before we get through. Interviewer: Yes, and your…I think you mentioned that your father had helped build a retaining wall there. Donald: Grandfather bought the place at a bargain I assume and built the retaining wall of the stone from the Grand River. Interviewer: OK. Donald: And my father, remembered vaguely, thinking he was helping his father with the stonework. He was probably a small boy of four or five… Interviewer: Yes. Donald: or so. Interviewer: Your father was born in eighteen sixty-one. Donald: Born in sixty-one, so this would’ve been in, in… Interviewer: Well, in the middle… Donald: Either that or in the late sixties sometime, yes. Interviewer: Well, I remember the house quite well because it was, well, it was sort of quaint, noted house... Donald: Yes. Interviewer: …and was built of Grand River Limestone, I believe. How long did your family live on in that house? Donald: They lived here only until he died, wait a minute, longer than that. He died in seventyseven. Interviewer: Right. Donald: And, they lived there at least, they possessed the house until I would think the early eighties. Interviewer: Ok. Donald: I know, there’s some diaries of my father’s who can make some kind a sale? And at that time, I think he was in Ann Arbor, as a law student. �3 Interviewer: Yes. Donald: So they had it for some years. Interviewer: Let me shut it off for a second…About or what year did your father-grandfather come to Grand Rapids? Donald: In the early fifties Interviewer: In the early fifties? Where was he born? Donald: He was born at, are we on the air now?’ Interviewer: Yes, he was born in.... Donald: Born in Durham, New York. Interviewer: Durham, New York. Donald: Which was in the Catskills. Interviewer: I see. Donald: And that family, his father’s name was John. That family came from Durham, New York to…. Interviewer: To Durham? Donald: To Eastern New York. Interviewer: Oh, I see. Donald: And settled… Interviewer: Well… Donald: I, trying to think… Interviewer: Well, was it an old colonial family? Donald: They came from…Yes; they came a generation or two before that from Connecticut. The first Denison was discovered in Connecticut in sixteen forty. Interviewer: Did he arrive there about that time? Donald: He was discovered there but…. Interviewer: I see. �4 Donald: How he got there or when, nobody knows. Interviewer: Your grandfather’s name was Julius, right? Donald: My grandfather’s name was Julius. Interviewer: He didn’t live for a great many years; I think he died when he was about fifty-four. Maybe you can describe the account of his death? Donald: Yes, there was a dispute to which he ended up-ended up before the alderman or the board of supervisors, whoever was in control of the city and county of that time, as to allowing or not allowing cattle to graze in the streets, besides the streets. Now whether that grandfather’s interest was pro or con, I don’t know. Interviewer: I think it was pro; at least it seemed that he wanted cows to be allowed in there. Donald: Should or should not cows be allowed? Interviewer: Yes. Donald: And he appeared before the council, to speak on the subject. But whether he was pro or con, I never knew. Interviewer: Well, I think the clipping is that I saw yesterday indicates that he was pro. Donald: Alright, at any rate, in the middle of his little speech or talk that he was making, I think he was standing before the council, he fell to the ground and promptly died. And whether he’d had any previous troubles or, with heart or otherwise I don’t know but I don’t think so, I never heard of any. Interviewer: Was he active in farming? Donald: Oh, yes. Interviewer: But he lived downtown? Donald: By this time, he lived in this house on the corner, what we’re talking about, and farmed the two farms by horse and buggy. Interviewer: Yes, I see but he actually lived right in the house in the heart of the city. Donald: Operated these two farms. Interviewer: One on the north end of town. Donald: One was across…I have a hard trouble remembering the names. �5 Interviewer: Well, some of the street names have changed, but I think it was almost up to the Kent Country Club, right around there. Donald: Right across Knapp Street from the present Kent Country Club was one farm. The other was out Paris, which is now grown up and city. Interviewer: Yes. And who was your grandmother? Donald: Grandmother was Cornelia Carter. Interviewer: Where did she come from? Donald: Who also came from rural western New York. Interviewer: Yes. Donald: They were married before they came out here. Interviewer: Did she outlive your grandfather for some years? Donald: Yes, indeed, she lived until nineteen seventeen. Interviewer: I have a note here, right. You must have pretty vivid memories of her? Donald: Of course, I was married by that time, and she lived long enough to know Adeline, my wife. We were married in nineteen seventeen. Interviewer: Yes. Donald: She was eighty-seven, I think. Interviewer: So, she lived a long time after her husband died. I believe your family moved at some point to a house also on Lyon Street, it was three twenty-nine; I drove by the house yesterday. It is still there, it has been covered unfortunately with aluminum siding, but you must remember that house. Were you born in that house? Donald: I was born in that house, and lived there until I went to college. Interviewer: Where did you go to college? Donald: University of Michigan. Interviewer: Right. Donald: I graduated in nineteen thirteen. �6 Interviewer: Your father [Arthur C.] was of course, a noted jurist and also went to University of Michigan, I believe and took his law degree there. And then came back to practice in Grand Rapids. Who were some of his earliest law partners and associates? Donald: He was a junior partner, protégée’ of Edward Taggert. Edward Taggert was the uncle of Johnson Taggert who was for many years the city attorney here. Interviewer: Who was Moses Taggert? Donald: Moses Taggert was Edward Taggert’s brother. Interviewer: I see... Donald: And … Interviewer: He practiced law though with other men and I believe two great uncles of mine, Hugh and Charles Wilson. Donald: Alright, the firm original was just plain Taggert with father as a helper then, when he came in it was Taggert and Denison, then your great uncle Charles joined them and for many years and in my youth, it was Taggert, Denison and Wilson. Interviewer: Yes, where did they have their offices? Donald: They had their offices in the Michigan Trust building, where I could get a haircut for a quarter, and tell the haircut operator that my father would pay it when he came along the next day. Interviewer: I see. I took the liberty of bringing some notes with me, but your father received an appointment as federal judge directly from President Taft, is that correct? Donald: Yes, he was appointed as successor to Judge Wanty, in nineteen nine, perhaps and before very long, a matter of only few short years he was appointed to the Cincinnati Court, where he continued until his seventieth birthday. Which was… Interviewer: Well, it was in nineteen thirty-one, yes. Donald: That sounds right. Interviewer: He was born on the tenth of November. And there was an interesting…. Donald: Now… Interviewer: Excuse me, go ahead. Donald: At that time he resigned from the court, which is quite different for retiring. A retiring judge as I understand it, is serving to call and still a member of the judiciary. �7 Interviewer: Yes. Donald: A resignee is through and free to go and practice law. Interviewer: Why did he resign? Donald: I presume to make some money. He would have never grown rich in the judicial business and he had a notion of resigning and coming back to Grand Rapids acting in an advisory capacity of someone here. He discussed the subject with Mr. Keeney. Interviewer: But that didn’t materialize. Donald: About that time Mr. Baker of Cleveland, the ex-Secretary of War…. Interviewer: Milton D. Baker. Donald: Milton D. Baker suggested to father that perhaps it would be a good idea for him to come down and join him as counsel, which appealed to him. And he did so; practiced law there for some ten years, which were very successful and happy years for him in association with Baker both socially and in the business. Interviewer: Did you know Mr. Baker yourself? Donald: I got to know him quite well and became a great admirer of him. Interviewer: He was quite an interesting personality, I believe, but I don’t know much about him. Donald: Well, I remember one thing about him. I was in his library in his house in Cleveland, and the library was lined to the ceiling with books and in the frieze around the top was a set of books in red leather and it made a complete frieze around the library. I asked him, “What are they?” And he said one thing you got for being Secretary of War; that was when you left they backed up a truck to your house and gave you the complete record of all the official documents of the Civil War. That was a tradition and there they were. That reminded me to ask him a question or two that puzzled me about Civil War times and he said well, let’s see. And he got a ladder, brought it out, climbed up on the ladder and looked at the books and got one down and studied it and answered my question. Interviewer: So you learned something? Donald: I learned something. Interviewer: And Mr. Baker died before your father did, as I recall, but your father stayed on in the firm. Donald: Father was here visiting when he got a telephone call, that Mr. Baker had died. It was a blow, of course. �8 Interviewer: About when did your family move into this house? Donald: nineteen sixteen. Interviewer: Yes. Who built this house? Donald: Mr. Sligh Interviewer: Mr. Charles Sligh? Donald: Mr. Charles Sligh built the house in eighteen ninety-one. Interviewer: I see. Did he live here until the time of the sale? Donald: He owned it until that time. Interviewer: Yes. Donald: The house was rented for a short time. I am trying to think of the name of the family. The girl in the family married Paul Hollister. Interviewer: Yes, I can’t tell you. Donald: They rented this house for a very short time. Interviewer: Yes. Donald: Otherwise it never had occupants except Slighs and Denisons. Interviewer: Now when your father went to Cleveland in nineteen thirty or thirty-one or thirtytwo, did you stay on in this house? Donald: We moved into this house. Interviewer: I see. Donald: It had stood vacant for a time; then we moved into it. Interviewer: And you are still here. Let’s see, let’s go back a minute, you were born in the house over on Lyon Street, three twenty-nine? Donald: And that’s right Interviewer: Do you remember much about that neighborhood? Donald: Well, I grew up there, so I remember a lot of course. The Idemas were our close neighbors; they directly across the street. Interviewer: Yes. And who were some of the other neighbors? �9 Donald: The Henry Idemas, also Fred Idemas. Fred Idema was Henry Idema’s brother and they lived right next to each other across the street. The Treadways lived next door to the Idemas and the Whitmans built a house right next to us and sold it quite shortly to Frank Dykema. Interviewer: Was he the druggist? Donald: Dykemas, no (Pat was?) Interviewer: Did the Barlows live nearby? Donald: Barlows lived next door. They were my step-grandparents. We boys, there were three of us and we really had two homes. It was humorously said that we would go into the two kitchens to see which house was serving up the dinner that we liked we would settle down in that house. Interviewer: How old were you when your mother died? Donald: Five years old. I remember her, vaguely remember a few fleeting pictures of her. Interviewer: Your father remarried and married Julie Barlow. Donald: And they were our next door neighbors, Julia Barlow, that’s right. Interviewer: So you have pretty vivid memories of the Barlow family. Who are the Barlows; I mean who were Mr. and Mrs. Barlow? Donald: Heman Barlow was in the wholesale grocery business with Mr. Judson in what later turned out to be the Judson Grocery Company. The Barlows were originally New England family that turned into U.E. Loyalists and went to Canada and then re-immigrated here in 1860, I think. How they got to Grand Rapids from Canada I do not know, but they came here when Grandfather Barlow was ten years old Interviewer: He was born in eighteen fifty, at one point he was a bookbinder, I understand. Donald: It was his brother. Interviewer: His brother, I see. Donald: Yes, although it was known as Barlow Brothers. Series of bound volumes are still around here, falling apart most of them. Interviewer: Where did you go to school? Donald: I went to Fountain Street School to begin with, which was where Central High School is now. �10 Interviewer: I see. That’s why they call Fountain School, Fountain School, I suppose. They built Fountain School around the corner on College. Interviewer: Yes, it is still. Donald: They continue to call it Fountain Street School. Then by the time we got to sixth grade we went to Central Grammar School, which comprised of seventh and eighth grades, yes. Interviewer: Where was that located? Donald: That was on the same grounds as the High School. The High School fronted on Ransom. And the Central Grammar School which had been the earlier High School, I think, it fronted on either Lyon or it fronted on Bostwick. So there were two buildings on that little campus, as it were; the High School and the Central Grammar School. Earlier there had been the old Stone school on that same location that my father and mother had both gone to. Interviewer: And that was on Bostwick or on Ransom? Donald: I think it occupied the grounds between them. Interviewer: I see. Did you go to Central High School after Central Grammar School? Donald: Then I went to Grand Rapids High School. Interviewer: Where was that? Donald: That was right there, that was the building that was just torn down in the last year. Interviewer: Oh, yes. Donald: It was not called Central because it was the only high school except the one on the west side and that only went thru the eleventh grade. And in nineteen eleven the present Central High School was built and assumed that name of Central High School. It was a continuation of the old Grand Rapids High School, same faculty, same records. Interviewer: You graduated from old Grand Rapids High School? Donald: There was no such thing as Central High School then. Interviewer: What year did you graduate? Donald: Nineteen eight Interviewer: Nineteen eight and you went directly there to Michigan. Donald: No, I worked for a year in the furniture factory, in the Macey Furniture Factory, Macey Furniture Company, made sectional bookcases. �11 Interviewer: I remember that because I think my grandfather was the director of it or something. Donald: Might well have been. It was headed by Otto Warneke. Interviewer: Hmmm. Donald: And it was quite a prosperous concern. Interviewer: Where was it located? Donald: On South Division, the building is still there, pretty well out South Division. Interviewer: I wonder who is in the building now. Donald: I think it is a storage building for somebody. Interviewer: Steelcase or one… Donald: Not Steelcase, who is…? Interviewer: Your knowledge of South Division is as bad as mine. Donald: I used to get up and ride the streetcar down there and get there at seven o’clock. I remember that. And we worked ten hours a day plus an extra ten minutes. The extra ten minutes were a credit that applied on Saturday so we could get away at noon on Saturday. Interviewer: I see. Donald: And still have our sixty hours for the week. Pay was a dollar an hour. Interviewer: Was that pretty good pay? Donald: It was pretty good for me. Interviewer: Then you went to the University of Michigan from there. Donald: After a year of that, I decided I better get an education and then went to the University of Michigan. Interviewer: What was your class there? Donald: Class of nineteen thirteen. Interviewer: Nineteen thirteen and you were married in nineteen seventeen you said. Donald: Nineteen seventeen. Interviewer: Was Mrs. Denison, your first wife from Grand Rapids? �12 Donald: No indeed. She was from Hinsdale, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago. Interviewer: I see. Donald: She had connections at White Lake where we had a summer cottage. Interviewer: What was her maiden name? Donald: Adeline Smith. Interviewer: Adeline Smith. Now let me just take a look at these notes I made. After college what did you do? Donald: I got a job at the Ford Motor Company of Canada, in Walkerville right across from Detroit and was there until practically, until the war. Interviewer: Perhaps, I should have asked what did you major in at Michigan. Donald: Literature, Science and the Arts, so called. Interviewer: Did that? Donald: They had no majors at that time, probably history. Interviewer: I see. Donald: I took a lot of history; there were no formal majors at that time. Interviewer: The first job you took after college graduation was not in any way related to what you studied at U of M? Donald: That’s right. Interviewer: And how long were you with Ford? Donald: Three years. Interviewer: Then you went into the service? Donald: Then I went into the service. Interviewer: Tell me about what you did, what rank you achieved and where you were and so forth. Donald: Well I went to first do is Training Camp at Fort Sheridan, received a commission as First Lieutenant. Interviewer: Then you went abroad? �13 Donald: I never went abroad, Fort Sill Oklahoma the Artillery School, stayed there two years, till the war was finished. Interviewer: Then you returned to Grand Rapids? Donald: In the meantime I was married. I was married just before going to Fort Sheridan. The work down there was training, and firing practice on the firing ranges. I there got a captains commission to the Ninth Artillery and we fired a lot of ammunition at no enemies. No, I didn’t come back to Grand Rapids I came back to Detroit and got a job there with the National City Company of New York, which was a (?) of the National City Bank of New York, selling bonds. And there in and out of Municipal Bonds business for quite a few years. Interviewer: Did you live in Detroit all those years? Donald: I lived in Grosse Isle, just outside of Detroit twelve, thirteen years. Our children were either born there or nearby, grew up there. Down the road from us a half- mile lived the Johnson family, and Mrs. Johnson is upstairs here now. Interviewer: So you met your second wife while you were living… Donald: Oh, yes we were old friends; families were friends and neighbors for a dozen years. Interviewer: And you were in and out of the bond business for a number of years? Donald: I was in it… Interviewer: How long did you stay in that business? Donald: I stayed in that until the Second World War. Interviewer: When did you return to Grand Rapids? Donald: I returned to Grand Rapids in nineteen thirty-three, at the time of the bank failure. Interviewer: Yes. Was that a pretty hard time for you? Donald: That was a rather difficult time, yes. Interviewer: As it was for a good many. Donald: The job had shortly vanished. I was with the Guardian Company in Detroit which was part of one of the banking groups that went down the precipice. [Union Guardian Trust Company of Detroit] Interviewer: Was that? Donald: So I had no job for some time and no money, yes it was a difficult time. �14 Interviewer: Was that Guardian Company in Detroit associated with the one in Cleveland? Donald: No. Interviewer: (?) Seems to me there was a group there… Donald: At that time, having no job, I organized a company of my own, consisting of mostly myself. And ventured into the municipal bond business for myself and was there for several years and got along not too badly Then we moved back here. Interviewer: Then you were in business downtown. Where were you located? Donald: The Michigan Trust Building. Interviewer: So your children received their education in Grand Rapids about that period? Donald: Yes, Interviewer: One of the things I know about you, because I have been there and known other people that have summered there, for a great many years you have been going to White Lake, north of Muskegon Donald: My father had a cottage there and we have been going…. Interviewer: How long have you been going? When did your father first go there? Donald: Went there in eighteen ninety-two. I was a year old when we went there. Interviewer: Is that the cottage you had until recent years? Donald: That is the cottage we had until recent years. Interviewer: Were there already other people that had gone up there from Grand Rapids? Donald: The Butterfields and the Taggerts Interviewer: Did they go up before your father? Donald: They both had gone up before that time, so. Interviewer: Yes. Donald: By the time, I went up there I remember three Grand Rapids lawyers living right in a row, Mr. Wilson became the fourth. Interviewer: Mr. Hugh Wilson? Donald: No, Mr. Charles Wilson. �15 Interviewer: Charles Wilson? Donald: So at that time then that made four Grand Rapids lawyers in a row. Interviewer: How did you spend your time up there at White Lake? Donald: Digging in the garden and sailing. Interviewer: And I think, you maintained your interest in sailing at least until recent years. Donald: Yes, until recently. Interviewer: Did the families commute back and forth, I mean did your father have to come back to Grand Rapids or did he go up there and spend long periods of time? How did it work out? Donald: All those lawyers commuted weekends. Interviewer: Did they drive? Donald: No, drive what? Interviewer: Not automobiles. Not in the early nineties. Donald: Didn’t drive automobiles. Interviewer: Took trains I suppose. Donald: The Butterfields had horses, and they use to transport their horses up there, or bring them up there. The fathers would commute weekends by train to Whitehall and then boat down the lake. Interviewer: Yes. Donald: And they would arrive either Friday night or Saturday night and leave very early Monday morning and get back here the middle of the morning some time. Interviewer: About what time of year would you open up your cottage up there? Donald: When school closed. Interviewer: I see. Donald: Which was late in June. Interviewer: And you must have known a lot of people up there over the years. �16 Donald: There was a boarding house nearby called Partridges and many, many Grand Rapids people use to go up there. Grand Rapids people that had cottages up there were, the Butterfields, the Taggerts, the Wilsons, ourselves, the McNabbs, the Forbes’. Interviewer: Quite a settlement. Donald: Oh, yes. Interviewer: and you don’t go to White Lake anymore, but you go nearby I understand. Donald: Well, we go there, if I had a good strong arm, I could throw a stone into each lake. Interviewer: There is a ridge between them. Donald: Yes, there is a ridge in between. Interviewer: I know that your family had some connection with the Congregational Church, at one point with Park Church. Is that a family tradition that your family was Congregationalists going way back, or…? Donald: Yes, the grandparents, Denisons, were early members of that church. My family were; the Barlows were very active in it. Interviewer: I will just shut this off for a moment. END of Side One Interviewer: We will start again on this side and this time we’re going to talk about a letter you received from a young man the other day and your reply. It involves football at the University of Michigan. Why don’t you read parts of the letter you like to? This is your reply, I take it. Donald: It is too long for this business, isn’t it? Interviewer: No, it’s not too long. You can read as much or as little as you wish. Why don’t you read, maybe you should start with his inquiry. You received this letter the other day you said. Donald: Received this letter from a young man in Ann Arbor. He said for the past two years I have been very interested in the history of football here at the U of M and someday I hope to write a book. I was wondering if you can recall about your football days here. I believe you were a reserve halfback in nineteen ten, eleven and twelve weighing one hundred and one and five feet eleven tall. What were your teammates such as Benny Bender, Colin Quinn, Stan Wells, (?) Conklin and others. Do any games or instance standout? What kind of coach was Yost? It might interest you to know that as of nineteen seventy-two the alumni association numbers over one hundred surviving members of your nineteen thirteen class. Interviewer: Now, this is your reply. �17 Donald: This is my reply: Dear Bob, Your letter was like a bombshell, imagine anyone knowing or caring about the activities of a third string football player of sixty years ago. I didn’t know whether to laugh or cry. Well, you deserve a good answer and I will try to give you something. What kind of coach was Yost? He was a good one. He loved football and he taught us personally. He didn’t sit in his office, if he had one, and direct his assistants. In fact, he only had one or two and didn’t let them do much. And every practice scrimmage he was in the middle, correcting and exhorting. He could whack a slowpoke on the back with a full swing and it was no love pat. At this time, he was perhaps thirty-five years old, strong, lean and tough. To demonstrate the use of hands on defense, he would grab one by the shoulder and toss them aside like a leaf. He liked to demonstrate the way to catch the ball. He would put his left hand with palm inward in front of his chest and say in his slightly southern drawl this hand says it can’t bound on back, you know. And place his right hand palm up waist high and say this hand says it can’t fall thru, you know. He was a Civil War buff and loved to compare war and football tactics. As for General Lee holding the line, Jackson ran the end. He was ahead of his time about vitamins. When the squad came into the training table, each place was set with a large salad and you ate that before you got anything else. He didn’t like to lose anymore than Woody Hayes. In the last game nineteen five, after five years of straight wins, Chicago took it two to nothing. Five years later, Yost was still maintaining that the officials made a ghastly mistake and that it really was a touchback and not a safety. Another famous game before my time which was in Chicago was billed as a battle of ages between the two supermen, Heston of Michigan Eckersall of Chicago. Eckersall ran faster but Heston ran harder and Michigan twenty-two- Chicago twelve. At age thirteen, I went my parents by special train from Grand Rapids. My memory of the actual game is a little vague, but a song of the Michigan rooters perhaps ten-thousand strong so tickled me that I have never forgotten it. It ran “Eckersall, Eckersall, when you are running with the ball, you could take an awful fall, Ecky Ecky Break your necky, Eckersall.” Later in college I could sing that song, nobody else knew it. Another game I remember well was a practice one, between the varsity and the reserves better know as a scrubbish. I was backing up the line for the scrubbish and having great success in sifting thru and tackling the varsity backs before they got started. My teammates all patted me on the back and told me how good I was, and I thought so too, but Yost didn’t seem to notice. A few days later I was having a beer with my good friend Tom Vogel, who was a regular and very good varsity lineman and while discussing this incident, he asked me did Yost say anything to you? I said no. Tom said, didn’t you know that I was letting you through. I thought you could do with a little recognition. He fooled me but he didn’t fool Yost. Does that sound like anything?… Interviewer: Yes, it sounds interesting. Was this, was George Thompson at Michigan at that time? What was his class? Donald: Yes, nineteen twelve. �18 Interviewer: Only a year apart. Donald: Yes. Interviewer: Do you remember any of his football exploits? I guess he was considered one of Michigan’s greats in those days. Donald: I remember how hard he hit when you tried to tackle him. Interviewer: Yes. Donald: He was tough, didn’t try to tackle him many times. We used to play these semi games…. Interviewer: We lost a little bit of the other side of the tape. And I want to go back to the story of going to the Kent Country Club again. Just as if we hadn’t heard it before, will you try to repeat it for me? Donald: Alright. The other day I was asked how long I had been going to the Kent Country Club and I recalled an early incident. In high school time perhaps nineteen six a high school fraternity party was at Kent Country Club and I told my parents I had asked a girl. It was the first time I had taken a girl anywhere to go to this party and I would have to have a cab because that is what everyone else is having. It didn’t mean a taxicab like today, it meant a horse drawn vehicle. My parents weren’t enthused about that. They said when they went to the same club as they frequently did, they went by streetcar and they opinioned that I could go by streetcar. Julius Amberg, a classmate, came to the rescue. His father had horses, and Julius and his girl and I and my girl went in style in a closed carriage with a coachman driving. Interviewer: Ordinarily you took the streetcar. Donald: Ordinarily everyone took the streetcar. Interviewer: Where did you board the streetcar and what…? Donald: We boarded the streetcar on Lyon Street in front of our house, rode on it down to the foot of Lyon at Monroe, Canal then. Took the Plainfield line out to Carrier Street and there transferred to a little one-horse line that went from Carrier Street out the remaining few blocks Kent. Interviewer: Was that… Donald: That car shuttled back and forth. Interviewer: Was it an electrical line? Donald: No, it was. Sure it was trolley cars, overhead trolley. �19 Interviewer: Yes, that went right to Kent Country Club? Donald: It shuttled between Plainfield and Kent Country Club, Plainfield Avenue just beyond Leonard. Interviewer: And you are still going out to the Kent Country Club, but not by streetcar anymore. I take it you spend a little time there when you’re in Grand Rapids. Donald: I go most every day and hit some practice balls if nothing else. I’m still hoping to improve my swing. Interviewer: You may! Donald: I may! Interviewer: Is there some tournament coming up in the near future? I thought I heard your wife speak that you are getting ready for some big event. Donald: I have a friend in Detroit that is an excellent golfer and he would like to come over here and play in a … I’ve forgotten what they call it; visitor’s tournament of some kind. That’s not the actual…. Interviewer: I see. Donald: That’s not the actual… Interviewer: Sure, I know what you mean, but I don’t know the name either. I’m not a golfer …. Donald: I’m practicing up so I don’t disgrace him too badly. Interviewer: That’s good, now you have lived on in this neighborhood Lyon Street in this house a great deal of your life. I am interested in getting you thinking about the changes that have occurred and you mentioned that you thought there was quite a little continuity as far as this particular part of the city if concerned. Donald: As far as this block and street, all of the houses have stayed the same. Most of them have been divided into a varying number of apartments. Interviewer: Who lived on either side of you? Donald: My early recollection, names leave me…. Interviewer: That’s not too important now. Just name some other families that lived in this block…. Donald: Alright, the Sears family lived in this building, the two Sears brothers and one across the street in what was later the Stewart house. �20 Interviewer: Steketees must have lived…. Donald: Steketees lived on the corner. Interviewer: I seem to recall Charlie Campbell lived… Donald: Charlie Campbell lived in the Steketee house after it was made into the apartments much later. Interviewer: Didn’t they live in the little house? Donald: The Campbells lived in three houses around here, the old Steketee house, the little house, and in an apartment down the street. I think they lived in the Steketee house when Charlie died. Interviewer: I think that is true. Has the neighborhood changed a great deal, do you think? Donald: Well, it’s held surprisingly well, so I suppose it changes because it is all apartments. Donald: The houses are externally unchanged. Interviewer: Go back to that house on Lyon Street where you were born. About when was that house built? Donald: I can almost plot it probably there, because I think that it was new when my father and mother were married and moved in to it, and that was Eighty-six, that’s about when it was built. Mr. Henry Idema built it on the vacant lot across the street. He lived on the other side of the street for speculation or investment perhaps, and sold it to my father when it was new. Interviewer: Well, it is still standing. Donald: It is still standing and with the Idema house across the street, it is one of most respectable ones there. Interviewer: And you had two brothers you mentioned. Donald: A younger brother and an older brother. Interviewer: And who was the older brother? Donald: That was John, some four years older than I, went to Chicago and spent his life in a bank there. Younger brother Arthur disappeared from a ship at sea. Interviewer: Really. Donald: At about thirty years of age. �21 Interviewer: I hate to ask this question, but what year were you born? Donald: Eighteen ninety-one. Interviewer: I could have reconstructed that, I guess. Donald: You could figure that one out? Interviewer: You’re in your middle eighties at this point. Donald: Middle aged, let’s say. Interviewer: Middle-aged. Donald: That’s better. Very lucky physically, as well as I ever was. Interviewer: That’s great. I think this has been a delightful interview, I might say that for the benefit for whoever listens to this someday. I came completely unprepared and discovered I didn’t have the little adapter to go on the plug, so Mr. Denison had the bright idea of just driving up the street and picking one up, which we did and we finally got the thing going. I must say, I didn’t even know we had a little electrical store a few blocks away that would have such an item, so with that I’ll turn it off and you can get ready to go to the Kent Country Club if that’s where you are going next. INDEX A Amberg, Julius · 19 B Denison, Arthur Carter (Father) · 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 16, 19, 21 Denison, Cornelia Carter (Grandmother) · 5 Denison, Julius Coe (Grandfather) · 1, 3, 4, 5, 11 Dykema Family · 9 F Baker, Milton D. · 7, 8 Barlow Family · 9, 10, 17 Butterfield Family · 15, 16 Ford Motor Company · 12 Fountain Street School · 10 C G Campbell Family · 21 Central Grammar School · 10 Congregational Church · 17 Grand Rapids High School · 11 D Idema Family · 9 Denison, Adeline Smith (1st Wife) · 1, 5, 12 I �22 J T Johnson Family · 6, 14 Taggert, Edward · 6 Taggert, Moses · 6 Thompson, George · 18 K Kent Country Club · 5, 19, 20, 22 U M Union Guardian Trust Company of Detroit · 14 University of Michigan · 6, 12, 17 Macey Furniture Factory · 11 N National City Company of New York · 13 S Sears Family · 20 Sligh, Charles · 8 Steketee Family · 20 W Wanty, Judge · 6 Warneke, Otto · 11 White Lake · 12, 15, 16 Whitman Family · 9 Wilson, Charles (Great-Uncle) · 6, 15 Y Yost, Bob · 17, 18 � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/978ab47bd2d42adf7a9c785273e8a700.mp3 d370388d6f30ad9249010349122827b6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Rapids Oral Histories Subject The topic of the resource Heritage Hill (Grand Rapids, Mich.) Local histories Memoirs Michigan--History Oral histories (document genre) Description An account of the resource Taped and transcribed interviews conducted in the early 1970s primarily of the children and grandchildren of many of the founders of Grand Rapids, Michigan; many of whom were residents of the Heritage Hill neighborhood. Interviews were collected to develop a significant collection of oral resources that would supplement other primary and secondary local history materials. Initially funded as a private project, Grand Valley State College (now University) assumed responsibility for continuing the project until 1977. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/452">Grand Rapids oral history collection (RHC-23)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf; audio/mp3 Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource Text; Sound Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-23 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1971 - 1977 Sound A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-23_50Denison Title A name given to the resource Denison, Donald Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Denison, Donald Description An account of the resource Donald Denison was born in Grand Rapids, graduated from the University of Michigan ca. 1913, and served in WWI. His father was a judge who was appointed by President Taft in 1911 to the U.S. District Court of Appeals. Mr. Denison's father resigned as a judge in 1931 to enter private practice with the firm of Newton Baker, President Wilson's Secretary of War. Mr. Denison sold bonds through National City and his own company. He died August 21, 1983. Subject The topic of the resource Michigan--History Local histories Memoirs Oral histories (document genre) Grand Rapids (Mich.) Personal narratives Heritage Hill (Grand Rapids, Mich.) Grand Valley State University Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Sound Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf audio/mp3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Grand Rapids oral history collection (RHC-23) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1975 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/9ee5090284814523ac0d0cf5c97cd83c.pdf fda19d8c8ffd700d0569e254113f4f23 PDF Text Text Young   L ords   In  Lincoln  Park   Interviewee:  Dennis  Cunningham   Interviewers:  Jose  Jimenez   Location:  Grand  Valley  State  University  Special  Collections   Date:  10/4/2016   Runtime:  01:16:40         Biography  and  Description   Oral  history  of  Dennis  Cunningham,  interviewed  by  Jose  “Cha-­‐Cha”  Jimenez  on  October  04,  2016  about   the  Young  Lords  in  Lincoln  Park.   Dennis  co-­‐founded  the  People’s  Law  Office  originally  located  in  Lincoln  Park,,  Chicago  at  2156   North  Halsted  Street.  These  were  movement  lawyers  who  began  working  with  the  Lawyer’s  Guild   at  the  1968  Democratic  convention  protests.  Later  they  took  on  court  cases  of  the  Panthers,  Young   Lords  and  New  Left.  In  1969,  the  People’s  Law  Offices  negotiated  for  the  Young  Lords  during  their   McCormick  Theological  Seminary  take-­‐over  and  received  $25,000  in  seed  money  after  the  Young   Lords  won  all  of  their  demands.  It  included  $650,000  for  low  income  housing  investment  and   $50,000  to  open  up  two  free  health  clinics  In  1973  Dennis  moved  to  New  York  to  work  on  the  Attica   Prison  Riot  cases..  Here  he  discusses  a  major  case  of  the  People’s  Law  Office:  the  assassination  trial   of  Chairman  Fred  Hampton  of  the  Black  Panther  Party.   �Dennis  was  born  in  Chicago  in  the  suburbs.  At  age  15  he  studied  at  the  University  of  Chicago  and   went  to  work  as  a  journalist  and  then  a  bartender  for  Second  City  where  he  met  and  married  his   actress  wife,  Mona.  By  the  age  of  27  he  considered  himself  a  drop  out  from  society  and  went  with   Filmmaker  Howard  Alk  to  the  march  on  Washington  just  to  observe.  He  then  entered  law  School  at   Loyola  and  began  working  at  city  hall  for  Mayor  Richard  J.  Daley  in  human  relations,  on  Panic   Pedaling  cases.  Black  and  White  realtors  would  frighten  White  homeowners  into  selling  by  telling   them  that  Blacks  were  moving  in  and  it  would  lower  their  property  values.  He  soon  left  because  it   was  planned  and  a  smoke  screen  with  few  convictions.  When  the  riots  occurred  after  Martin  Luther   King  was  murdered,  Dennis  recalls  going  to  the  courthouse  and  jail  at  26th  and  California  and   witnessing,  “another  world.”  He  said  that  it  was  chaotic  with  inmates  living  outside  in  the  yard  and   that  it  literally  took  him  three  days  to  locate  a  prisoner  who  he  was  trying  to  bond  out.  The  police   were  “vindictive  and  dangerous,”  he  said.   He  remembers  marching  down  Division  with  Chairman  Fred  Hampton,  in  the  Young  Lords  Manuel   Ramos  March.  Manuel  was  killed  by  an  off  duty  policeman  and  the  march  was  10,000  strong.  An   unmarked  police  car  u-­‐turned  and  drove  on  top  of  the  sidewalk,  staring  both  he  and  Fred  Hampton   down.  The  rest  of  the  oral  history  focuses  on  the  Hampton  Trial.   �Transcript DENNIS CUNNINGHAM: And I remember the Manuel Ramos March. I remember going to Church, but I don’t know which of those came first. You know? (break in audio) JOSE JIMENEZ: Your name and where you were born and then how you came to be connected to the Young Lords. DC: Okay. All right? JJ: Yeah. DC: My name is Dennis Cunningham. I come from Chicago. I was born there in 1936. I grew up more in the suburbs than the city, but I left when I was, like, 15 to go to school at the University of Chicago. They had this program to get in there early. That took me out of the suburbs altogether. Up here, too. And, you know, I got [00:01:00] out of college, and I had a job. I got a job as a journalist ’cause that was sort of what I always thought I was gonna do. But I didn’t like it much at all, you know? And I was -- I had this girlfriend. She had gone to France. I went to France. I stayed a year -- for a couple years. And I came back -- I was, like, this was -- we’re talking about the middle of the ’50s. And I was like what you would call a dropout, really, then. And I came back, and I worked on Rush Street, you know, [where I was a?] bartender. And I got involved with Second City. And at first, I was a bartender there. Then I was in the company. And my friend, Howard Alk, and I decided we should go to the March on Washington to see it, you know, for the spectacle. [So I we rode in on those trains?]. [00:02:00] I told this in one of the workshops that, you know, on 1 �the way back, he says, we get should get involved in this stuff. And I was kind of thunderstruck by that notion, you know? Because the whole point of being a dropout is you ain’t involved in anything, you know? But that really was like a revelation, you know? ’Cause I didn’t know -- by that time, I’m 27 years old. I’m married. I got a new baby. I didn’t -- and I was kind of done at the Second City. They were downsizing, and I was fringe, and there wasn’t [really?] too much future there. And so I got this idea to be a lawyer. I said if I was a lawyer, I could be involved, but I could still make a living, you know, and I could be connected and have something to give more than my body. I can’t go out there and lay in the street ’cause I got a wife and kid, I got to deal with all that. JJ: [00:03:00] [And you were married? Was it for a long time?]? DC: No, we had only been married a year. And then the baby came, and -- JJ: [What was her name?]? DC: Mona Mellis. JJ: And the baby’s name? DC: And the baby, Delia. She came in June of ’63. And then we went, August, on the March, and September, I’d gotten my way into Loyola Law School. JJ: And she’s an attorney, too? DC: Huh? JJ: She’s an attorney, too? DC: No, she’s not an attorney. She was an actress at Second City. JJ: (inaudible) __: (inaudible) 2 �DC: And -- __: [I think they’re working on the --?] DC: You know, then -- __: (inaudible) DC: -- I went to law school for four years. I went at night. I’d work in the daytime. I had -- and got another kid and another kid. And by the time I got out, you know, I wasn’t that political, even, then. I mean, I had [00:04:00] this notion, this general notion, but I wasn’t tuned in to the politics of what was going on that much. I tell you what happened. I worked for a couple of years there while I was in school. I worked for the city of Chicago. I was working for Mayor Daley, and I was in the Commission on Human Relations. And I was a human relations officer on ’54, ’55, ’56. JJ: (inaudible) [office?]. DC: Yeah. And I -- __: It’s okay. DC: You know, we would go out and investigate complaints of discrimination by real estate brokers or by hospitals and stuff like that, ’cause there was an ordinance. And we’d work up the cases as investigators and bring it to the human relations commission. They’d white wash it. But the only time they didn’t white wash it was when that was against a Black real estate agent or broker for panic [00:05:00] pedaling, you know, trying to get the white people to move out so the Black people could move in to -- block by block on the south side. It was happening like crazy. I mean, it was the main thing they were concerned about, 3 �what they call panic pedaling, because people would go to the white neighborhoods on the fringe of the ghetto, which was just expanding and expanding, and they’d say, you’d better sell now because the Black people -- two more Black people move in your block, your property value is gonna go right down, and they went for it in mass hordes, you know? And white real estate brokers would sort of get away with it, give ’em a slap on the wrist. The Black ones, they’d really -- they’d fine ’em. I think there was one guy lost his license. JJ: And Daley was doing it. DC: Daley was doing -- JJ: [He was fining them?]. DC: Yeah, yeah. JJ: [But it was his plan?]. DC: Yeah, well, the commission did it, and the commission was sort of independent, and they had [00:06:00] liberals on it, a couple. But they would always find a reason to let people off the hook, you know? And then all that Ben Willis stuff started to happen. Ben Willis was the superintendent of the schools. He started taking money outta the Black schools, and people started in -- and for a while, they were demonstrating every day. There’d be a big march every day. It started Navy Pier, I think. I can’t remember. Al Raby was the organizer of that. And I would get a sign, a lot of times, to go and just monitor the march. I remember [I did?] a whole march through Cabrini-Green, me and Dick Gregory. And he was - he would march, you know, and I got started talking to him. And, you know, he had all these comments about what’s going on. But, you know -- and then Martin 4 �Luther King came to Chicago with the campaign to end slums there. And he [00:07:00] marched in Gage Park, and he got hit with a brick, you know? JJ: [Did you march with him?]? DC: No, I wasn’t there. No, that -- I wanted to go, but they had another division in the office of the guys -- couple of Black guys they had on the staff that would go to those things. But that was in ’66, and by that time, I really had enough. [There’s our books?]. Can we stop for a sec? JJ: Sure. DC: Jeff. (break in audio) JJ: We were talking about -- DC: It was ’66. King left, you know? He had a sit-down, and Mayor Daley talked stuff. And they took the opportunity to get the hell outta there, the whole SCLC because it was -- I mean, they’d bitten of more than they could chew in Chicago. They didn’t know what they were getting into, I think, [00:08:00] in the whole -- I mean, no blame, because it came out like an eruption, the racism in those communities, and the anger. And it was astounding, you know, in that sense that it was so virulent and so nasty. JJ: So how many years were you there? DC: I was there two -- about two full years. And then I said I’m not -- you know, I can’t be a part of this no more, you know? And I walked -- JJ: [Why did you feel that way]? 5 �DC: Just because it was too much suppressing the movement, you know? And it was too hypocritical, and it was too -- JJ: [Well, how were they suppressing the movement? By whitewashing it, or?] -- DC: No, no, they’d kind of -- if they would march, the cops wouldn’t give ’em the protection. If they would [00:09:00] sit in some place -- I mean, I don’t really remember the details. It was just they couldn’t get any place, and they couldn’t get any rhythm trying to talk to people about let’s do this or let’s do that about the slums here. No, they said, “Let’s do this about the outside agitators. You know, let’s get ’em outta here.” And they did. They got the message, and they’d be beating their heads against the wall there, or worse, because the environment -the atmosphere was so hostile, you know? And because, I think, they couldn’t see a way through it, you know? They couldn’t see a strategic approach that would actually pay off, as opposed to just get ’em in deeper and deeper repression. And, I mean, I’m saying that, [00:10:00] and I really don’t know. I mean, that’s just my recollection of the sense I had of what was happening. And I don’t know if anybody’s really written that much about it, but I -- when I think about it, and I think I’d like to see if anybody has, you know? And see what people said that were on the inside of the movement. Anyway, you know, then I went to work as a clerk for a lawyer that I knew. And -- JJ: What lawyer? DC: His name was Mitchell Edelson. JJ: (inaudible) 6 �DC: Junior. And he showed me a lot of the stuff, which came in handy. And then when I graduated -- well, I graduated in the spring, and I got sworn in in the fall, like November of ’67. And -- JJ: [As a student of a university?]? DC: Loyola. [00:11:00] JJ: Loyola. That’s right. DC: Loyola, yeah, which was not the fancy skyscrapers that you see today. It was this crappy, three-story building on the same corner, there at Pearson and Wabash. And it also was not the kind of public interest stuff that has developed there since then. They’ve got a lot of stuff going on. And the school has grown, and they have international practice, and they have all these clinics, and they have all this stuff, you know? They got a lot of money. I don’t know where. But, you know, I had a sign on my house. And I had one guy, a neighbor, you know, and he had some problem buying his house. And I was -- oh my God, what am I getting myself into here, you know? And I worked with Neighborhood Commons. Remember them? [00:12:00] JJ: [Explain what you mean by Neighborhood Commons?]. DC: Richard Brown and them. JJ: [They kind?] (inaudible) -- DC: That was a -- JJ: [They were?] divide and conquer. [They were?] (inaudible) -- DC: They were -- JJ: Neighborhood Commons was against -- 7 �DC: Was against urban renewal and stuff, yeah. They were trying to hold the mixture in that territory from north of North Avenue, mainly, you know, coming up the Armitage. And they bought some buildings, and then different people could move in, different mixed families and stuff like that. And, yeah, Richard was their go-to guy. And he -- JJ: (inaudible) -- no, not (inaudible). Richard -- DC: Dick Brown. JJ: Dick Brown. DC: Yeah, yeah. And there was a couple reverends, [Neal Scheidel?]. He lived right down the street from me. I mean, we lived just right down Dayton from the Church. [00:13:00] And that was -- we were, like, on the borderline, you know? There were Black people beyond us, and there was white people short of us. But what they wanted to do -- we’d been involved in that, like, as residents of the community when they were pushing the urban renewal along North Avenue. And the Commons got involved in it, and they said, you know, they finally changed it all, and the Neighborhood Commons built a bunch of the -- or sponsored with the city. JJ: (inaudible) DC: They’d built the whole raft of townhouses and stuff there, two- or three-story apartment buildings and with mixed residencies. But it was also still a border. The ghetto wasn’t gonna go any further north, you know? And Puerto Rican people that were living in Lincoln Park were already getting squeezed out, you 8 �know, because it was already -- people were [00:14:00] -- you know, the -- what’d they call, the flight from the suburbs? JJ: (inaudible) DC: People want to live in the city. They want to live near downtown, and -- JJ: [They made an inner city suburb?]. DC: Yeah, yeah, exactly. That’s exactly -- JJ: To bring them back to the [burb?]. DC: -- what they did. They’d bring them back. And so then I was just there those couple of months. And then Martin Luther King was murdered. And then there were all these sweeps, those huge National Guard sweeps and shit in streets. They locked up, like, 8,000 or 9,000 people in two or three days. They had them in the yard -- JJ: (inaudible) DC: -- at the Cook County jail, just people -- just in the yard. And they didn’t know who they had. They didn’t know nothing except they had, you know, swept -done sweeps on different blocks and took everybody that they found. [00:15:00] And most of them, they would arrest them in the street, but then they would say that they had arrested them inside a building and charge ’em with burglary. So they had all these thousands of Black people -- JJ: Change the complaint? Or -- DC: They just said it from the beginning. “This is a burglary. This guy was in there.” “I wasn’t ever in that building.” “Yes, you were.” And so they had probably 3,000, 4,000 people charged with felonies coming outta that thing. And then they -- over 9 �the course of the next few months, they made deals with all of ’em. We’ll give you probation. You can get out of jail. But now you got a felony on your record. And people went for it, you know? They had to get out. They had been walking - going to the store, everything. And there was a guy from the neighborhood that had been mixed up with Neighborhood Commons, [Ed Brownell?]. [00:16:00] And had been caught in a sweep, and nobody knew where he was, and nobody could find him. And I went to the county jail, and I said -- you know, they said, well, we got him here somewhere. And I sat in that jail for two, three days waiting for them to find this guy so I could bond him out. I’m getting a red-hot introduction, you know, to how it really works. I had been in the criminal court of 26th Street one time when I was still clerking for this dude. And he had a guy -- a Black guy that worked for him, [did runs?] -- serve subpoenas and shit like that that got busted in some kind of stupid shit. And he couldn’t go to court one day, so he sent me out there, you know? And I didn’t know what the hell to do. I’m just sitting there watching. Gets all the way to the end of the call. They finally call this guy’s case. And I think -- I had talked to the prosecutor. He said, [00:17:00] “We ain’t gonna do nothing with that guy, you know? We’re gonna just postpone the case.” So I told him he could go home. So I come up front [of Judge Ryan?]. He says, “Well, where’s the defendant?” I said, “Well, Judge, I told him he could go home.” He said, “You sent him home?” I said, “Well, yeah. You’re gonna give a continuum.” He said, “I’mma lock you up back there.” (laughs) So, I mean, that’s like another world, 26th Street, you know? But I got started going there. I went a lot more after that, but then the next thing that happened was that the 10 �Lawyers Guild came to Chicago to recruit people, lawyers, to deal with the convention because they knew that everybody was gonna come and sit in and shit. And they -- so they were looking for lawyers to line them up in advance to do that. [00:18:00] Bernardine Dohrn was the delegate for the operative from the guild that came out to organize that. So I said, “I’ll do it.” And we had a committee. And I said this in the workshop, you know? Two weeks after the convention, me and Ted Stein are sitting in this office. We got 300 cases, and nobody is there anymore, you know? All the defendants are gone, and all the lawyers are gone, and we don’t, either of us, know a damn thing, you know? We’re just as green as the grass. And we’re gonna -- what are we gonna do with all these cases? And I started going to trial in a bunch of cases that they wouldn’t postpone, but they were all infractions, so you don’t get a jury. So they were quick, but what you do get to do is cross-examine the cop about the circumstances of the election. So I got all this experience. [00:19:00] I must’ve tried 20, 25 cases in -- from, you know, September -JJ: (inaudible) [with infractions, there’s no trial?]? DC: Right. It’s like a petty offense, and the most you can get is six months in jail. And the Supreme Court says if that’s the worst that can happen to you, you’re not entitled to a lawyer, you know, an appointed lawyer or anything. Different ones had lawyers. And then we became lawyers for a lot of ’em. And so that was like a training ground for me. And then, you know, right toward the end of ’68, Howard Alk, again, had -- he had met the Panthers and asked if they didn’t want 11 �to make a movie about themselves. And they said, “Yeah, we do.” And so he and -- him and Mike Gray had started just following ’em around, filming. And -JJ: [00:20:00] (inaudible) DC: Huh? JJ: Mike who? DC: Mike Gray. JJ: Oh, Mike Gray. DC: Yeah. And they said -- and then Howard -- I ran into Howard, and he says, “Man, I met the Black Panthers, you know?” He said, “They need lawyers.” I said, ”No kidding, you know?” I said. So he took me to meet ’em. I went to the office. I met Fred. I met Bobby Rush. I met some of the guys. And they said, “Yeah, that’s -- you know, we’re getting hassled all the time. Guys are getting locked up. People who we’re trying to work with in the community are getting locked up for hanging around us. We need lawyers.” So I said, “Well, I’ll help you. And I got some friends I think might be able to help. Just let me know what’s happening.” And I told the story today, too, the other -- no, it was today. JJ: (inaudible) DC: All of a sudden I get a phone call at the end of January, start of February. I get a phone call one day, [00:21:00] and it’s this big voice [on it?], says, “Mr. Cunningham?” I said, “Yeah?” “This is Judge Connely.” He says, “You represent Fred Hampton?” And I said, “Well, yeah. I guess I do.” And he said, “Well, you’ll be here at nine o’clock in the morning because you’re going to trial.” I said, “Okay.” I showed up, and we did go to trial. And it was a case of them doing a 12 �demonstration in Maywood about the swimming pool. And there were two other people arrested with him. One of them was, like, a local -- a Black guy who was a dentist or something, well-established citizen, but who had, you know, supported the protest. And they had had this march to the city council meeting in Maywood. And a few of them went inside. They wouldn’t let the rest of ’em inside, [00:22:00] so crowd got a little bit unruly outside, and they shot out a bunch of tear gas. The tear gas went inside the council chambers, and all the people were weeping. They had to can the meeting. I think it came in while Fred was speaking to them about the swimming pool. And so they charged him with mob action. And this dentist, Ivory, Dr. Ivory, he was in the case, and some other dude. And so then, when I got to the trial, it turned out Jim Montgomery was representing Dr. Ivory, who was an upstanding citizen and could pay a fee. And he was plenty experienced, so all I had to do was just kinda lay and copy him, you know? ’Cause I -- from the very start of the voir dire, I’d never been through any of it. I mean, like I say, I’d tried all these no-jury cases. [00:23:00] They’re very different things. And somehow we got through it. I just -- you know, I would literally -- I mean, you’d change the questions a little bit, but he would examine a guy, and then I would examine him. And then the public defender had the third guy, and he would just kinda lay it out. And it was a lot of stumping through it. Took a couple of days. But then in the closing arguments, I got all carried away, and I’m saying, “They got tear gas in the city council chambers. You know they gotta hold somebody responsible and make somebody the scapegoat, and that’s the scapegoat right there, and you can’t let them, blah, blah, blah.” And he was 13 �acquitted. And so that was really great, you know? And that’s --[00:24:00] and he felt good. I felt good. Everybody felt good. But the next thing I knew, a couple of months later, all of a sudden, he was on trial on that ice cream case. And I hadn’t even known about that. He hadn’t said anything to me about that. And in fact, I think there had been a -- at least one incident with the cops in between, like one of those raids on the office or some other thing, a confrontation in the street, so that there was -JJ: Well he was arrested(inaudible) DC: Yeah. JJ: (inaudible) DC: Yeah, but I think that was later in the year. JJ: [Was it later?]? DC: That was more -- JJ: (inaudible) DC: There -- JJ: The month between February and March. (inaudible) February 12. DC: In ’69. JJ: Yeah. DC: Yeah, okay. JJ: (inaudible) DC: Well, that was right around that time, yeah. Well, so then he had that case, too, you know? And -- JJ: (inaudible) [00:25:00] 14 �DC: But then he was in this ice cream case with this other lawyer -- JJ: (inaudible) DC: -- and it was kinda weak, you know? Yeah. JJ: (laughs) DC: She -- anyway, he went down in that case. And what happened right in the middle of the case, they realized who they were dealing with, so they brought in some senior guy, and he just went off about Fred. And then they got Fred on the witness stand. They asked him, was he a revolutionary communist? He said, “Yeah. You know it.” And did he believe in the violent overthrow -- “Yeah.” JJ: (laughs) DC: And the judge -- I knew the judge. I had this other case with him. And he told me during the trial, he’s -- “Ah, this case is horse shit. I’ll give him probation if (inaudible).” But after they sent the big dogs in there, he wound up giving him two to five. And then he went off to Menard. [00:26:00] And then we worked and worked for a couple of months and finally got him out. But the quid pro quo for getting him out was that they would have an accelerated schedule for the appeal, so we had to write the brief immediately -- I mean, usually, appeal would take a year and a half, two years. This one took three months, two months. Had a -- he said, “You get the brief in here in a couple of weeks,” and da, da, da, and boom. So he was going back to prison. He had, I think, I don’t know, 8 or 10 more days before he was -- the mandate said he had to report. And that was over the time when he was murdered. But also, during that time, I had got appendicitis, and was in the hospital, and then I was home. I couldn’t move. They cut me down 15 �the middle instead of just going in there by your hip, you know? He said, “Oh, it might [00:27:00] be your gallbladder, so we’ll just go --” you know, guy -- he’s got 12 interns that are watching him, and he’s one of these big -JJ: [Training them?]? DC: -- barrel-chested, white-haired assholes, jaw coming out to here. But I was really laid up, you know? And I was still laid out on the night he was killed. I couldn’t really -- I got up outta bed and went to the funeral. It was, like, a week later. And I had to go back and stay in bed all the way through the holidays. Or maybe not that long because we started having meetings, and they were going to court, and they started that coroner’s inquest, I think, after the first of the year. And by that time, I was back, and I was part of that. And then all that stuff happened, you know, [00:28:00] that spring of 1970, when there was all this behind-the-scenes stuff happening with Hanrahan and the FBI or the US Attorney’s office because they had a federal grand jury. And they were really trying to look into it. But they made a deal, you know? Okay, which we later found out about in a document, that the Panthers case -- the charges against the Panthers would be dismissed, and no cops would be indicted. Then they had a special prosecutor in the state system later, Barney Sears, but that was, like, another year or two before that all happened because a bunch of the cops did get indicted, but it was for, like, lying on a police report, and it was obstruction of justice [00:29:00] and nothing about the murder. JJ: And so nobody went to jail for (inaudible)? 16 �DC: No, no. The survivors of the raid were freed, and those charges were dropped. And the grand jury, instead of indicting the cops, issued this special report saying how fucked up the police procedures had been used in the raid and this and that, and everything was wrong with it, but we’re not gonna charge anybody individual ’cause it’s just, like, the system malfunctioning. If you can think of anything more insincere. JJ: [If you can kind of? How did] (inaudible)? DC: Well, we -- right in that period, we were representing most of the survivors. We had some of our pals, Jo-anne Wolfson, Warren Wolfson. They took one or two of the people. Montgomery had [Deborah?]. [00:30:00] I forget who else, but we had three or four of ’em. And then we decided we had to start a civil suit about the raid and about the killing. And we did that, but we -- again, we were so green, we really didn’t know how to do it. And we got some help from the Center for Constitutional Rights in New York. We knew those people a little bit. JJ: (inaudible) DC: You know, here’s what you gotta put in the complaint, and here’s what you gotta do. And it wasn’t only them. Kermit Coleman helped us. He was the ACLU guy. And we got the complaint filed. And I forget how quick it was, but it wasn’t too long before the judge threw it out. So now we’re in the appeals court. And the people -- again, [00:31:00] the New York people were helping us. And we got that reversed and got the complaint reinstated. In the meantime, we’re dealing with all these other Panther cases. But now him and me and a couple other guys -- Skip Andrew. You remember him? 17 �JJ: (inaudible) DC: And we were starting to go to 26th Street a lot, and we were getting other cases, and we were trying to support ourselves with the bond slips. And that sorta just went on. And then the stuff happened at Attica. And we had a big fight in the office. By that time, we had opened the office. We opened the office in August of ’69. JJ: (inaudible) DC: [00:32:00] Do what? JJ: [Go ahead and tell them about the office?]? DC: The office -- after I met Fred and Bobby, I came back -- we had started, ’cause -I need to go back. When we were the Chicago Legal Defense Committee, dealing with all the busts from the convention, is when me and Ted Stein -- and Ted says one day, “Well, I heard about these people in New York. They started a firm just to represent the movement.” I said -- it’s like another light bulb you know? And so we started having meetings. I remember him, ’cause me and him had met Jeff Haas about the -- around the Martin Luther King stuff. We had both had this same idea, you know? We’d go down to the 11th and State in the evening and help the people who had got busted during the day, you know? And they weren’t [00:33:00] giving ’em too much play, you know? I got a sign [I think?] I was -- you know, we went and found whoever was there, the lawyers that were -already knew anything. And he said, “Just go here, go there, da, da, da.” And I wound up in a stairwell at 11th and State where they pulled the desk in there, and they put the judge in there. And they started bringing the juveniles through. And 18 �it was the state’s attorney and me and the judge and cops. And they’d keep bringing these kids. And if the kids’ parents were there, he’d tell ’em to go home with the parents. If they weren’t, lock ’em up, and it didn’t matter what the hell I said, you know? I was like a potted plant in here. And they took a break at some point, and I started wandering around. I went into a court room, and there he was, and he was standing up in a real court room. He was standing up at the podium, and he was waving his arms and hollering at the judge. I said, [00:34:00] “Whoa,” you know? So then when this idea of having an office, that’s the first guy I thought of. So we started having these meetings, and that’s when I met Fred and Bobby. JJ: You and Ted Stein? DC: Me, Ted, Jeff -- JJ: Well, I mean, you had [Ted with you?]. DC: Yeah, yeah. And I don’t remember -- he might not’ve been at the first couple of meetings. And Skip Andrew and Don Stang. I don’t think there was anybody else. Kadish was involved in it, but that was later. JJ: (inaudible) DC: Later -- you know, months later on. And then after I met Fred and Bobby and they said, “We need lawyers,” I went back the next meeting. I said, “Well, if we do go ahead and start an office, we get the Black Panther party as our clients, you know?” And he said, “All right. Let’s go.” [00:35:00] So by -- pretty much by January, we had decided we would do it. And we started seeing what we can -what we were gonna do, how we were gonna work it out. But in the meantime, 19 �we started representing the Panthers. And they were getting busted, and I remember almost the first case, beside that one where the judge called me up, was two guys that they had just met. And they were just starting to talk to him about the Panthers, and they got busted on some bullshit, and they were locked up. And two, three people went to work to try and get ’em out, you know, and work on their cases and stuff. And we’re like, okay. How we were ever gonna get paid, we just -- in some miraculous way, we -- all those guys -- and it was all guys at that point -- all white guys. One way or another [00:36:00] -- I mean, two or three were working -- he was working for legal aid. They were working in some program, Skip and Don, at -- I think at Northwestern University. But they were lawyers. And somehow, we kept tabling the issue of how we were gonna support ourselves. We got the store in the summer and got it fixed up, put in a concrete gun emplacement. JJ: [When was this]? DC: The store, I think we opened it in August. JJ: [When was it?]? DC: Sixty-nine -- 2156 North Halsted, right on the corner of Webster, right next to Glascott’s Bar, there. JJ: And it was in October of ’69 or ’68? DC: August, we opened it, ’69. JJ: Sixty-nine. DC: Sixty-nine. JJ: And then -- 20 �DC: I mean, Fred was already -- JJ: (inaudible) before that -- DC: -- convicted -- no, we were -- JJ: [You were?] meeting there -- DC: Yeah, we were meeting, and [00:37:00] we were gonna do it. JJ: You were meeting [in private?]. DC: Yeah, yeah. And we were going to court. JJ: (inaudible) DC: Maybe. JJ: Just kinda takes -- DC: ’Cause your stuff started to come in about that time, right? JJ: [About the same time, yeah?]. DC: And we didn’t have a problem thinking, well, this is more of the same, you know? We were just gonna deal with it. I don’t know, you know? Looking back from different perspectives of the time since then, it really was extraordinary that it all came together the way it did and that we launched ourselves into that without having any idea of how we were gonna support ourselves, you know? Just some kind of way. I had -- after the King riots, through the Neighborhood Commons, [then Meister Brau?] come -- he came around, said, “Gee, [00:38:00], you know, we like to be felt like we’re part of the community. What can we do to help you folks?” They said, “Well, we got this lawyer. He’s helping us, and don’t have any income, so why don’t you give him a stipend?” So he came to me and said, “Well, how much should we tell ’em to give you?” I’m like, what do I need, or what do I 21 �believe they’ll agree to, you know? So I went low, like a fool. But at least it was a little something, you know? And me and Mona had bought this house on Dayton Street. And the mortgage was about half of it. It was $300 a month I was getting, and the mortgage, I think, was $147 a month. Phew. But then -- so we went through all that stuff, and we went through the appeal [00:39:00] and the civil case about Fred. And we were doing more criminal work. And then, when the Attica stuff happened, before it happened, we had gone to a -- all of us or many of us had been at a Lawyers Guild convention in Boulder, Colorado, which was an occasion where there was a big struggle in the organization about letting law students become members or letting legal workers become members. There had been -- at the previous convention, there was a struggle about law students, and the youth outvoted the older people, who said, “Oh, you can’t do that, you know? You’ll invalidate all our credibility as a bar association. Can’t have students be members.” So now, this time, it was about having legal workers, and never mind that bar association shit. [00:40:00] We’re a political organization, and we won that, too. And so it was like a time -- there was a lot of stuff on the rise. It was on the rise in Chicago. And then when the Attica stuff started to happen, I mean, we had been in Stateville. We had a case there. I think the Panthers -- some Panthers were involved in the shootout with cops in Carbondale. JJ: [Right?]. DC: And Jeff and Mike and Flint all went down there and had a trial and won. And I’m pretty sure that was before -- that was in ’70, but I’m not -- I can’t exactly 22 �remember. Could’ve been later. But anyway, got in this big argument about whether we could afford or whether we had any kinda where-with-all to try to send some people to Attica to help with what was ever gonna happen, ’cause it was -- they were still -- it was before the assault, [00:41:00] the [retake?]. And Jeff -- I lost the argument ’cause I said some stupid shit and some sexist shit. But -- I lost that -- I won the argument, we’ll go, but you can’t go. Somebody else gonna go. So he went. But then we became really involved in that. By the time -- by Christmastime, I was up there for two, three weeks at a time, going to prison every day, meeting all these guys, all the brothers, and waiting to see what was gonna happen, what the state was gonna do in the aftermath of the rebellion. And what they finally did, by the end of ’72, was indict 62 brothers -- or -- yeah. [00:42:00] And there was 42 indictments, 1,400 felony counts, half of which were life sentences for kidnapping and stuff for taking the hostages. So now, that was a really big involvement, commitment. And I was going back and forth, spending time up there, come back to Chicago, and they were going through it. And that’s probably when the appeal in the Hampton case was finished, and it was reinstated. They started to litigate that. And, you know, we had some -- had [these scenes?] in Buffalo. In the Erie County Jail, they brought -- they indicted prisoners there. And we had -- you know, they did different stuff. We had actions in the federal court. We had lawyers from all over. There were [00:43:00] a bunch of lawyers from Detroit. There were lawyers from Cleveland. There were lawyers from New York City. There were some lawyers from Virginia. And at some point after the brothers were indicted, the judge -- they had a special judge 23 �to handle those cases. And he said, “Well, I think every one of these defendants needs his own lawyer.” So now we had to recruit 60 lawyers and get ’em to do this case. And there were a couple of lawyers in Buffalo that were doing it, and that was it. So we did. And, I mean, that was a huge project, political project. I finally wound up going up there to live in ’73. I lived up there for a couple of years. But during that time, then, it all came out that they were totally manipulating the investigation. They were indicting only -- they didn’t indict any cops, even though they had all this cold-blooded murder that had gone on in the yard, and including [00:44:00] -- they killed 10 of -- 9 of their own, the hostages. They just shot ’em up. And so then the stuff kinda died down behind the scandal, and there was an investigation of the investigation, and there was an investigation of that investigation, and there was a lot of stuff. And so I went back to Chicago. And at that point, they had been doing depositions and going through, Flint and Jeff, mainly, the pretrial stuff for the Hampton case on the remand after the appeal. And we’re fighting the judge to get him to tell them to give us documents. And the Church committee had started, and so they were getting documents and bringing out [00:45:00] this stuff. And we finally had the contact with the guy who was working on the Church committee staff. And we were getting a trickle of documents. And so we were -- they were trading documents, okay? (break in audio) 24 �DC: Time the Attica event was in September of ’71, and we already had cases with two guys. And a lot of that -- the stuff -- I mean, you already had the Church, right? JJ: Yeah, we had the Church back then. DC: You had the Church still in ’69, or was it -- JJ: Yeah, ’69. DC: -- in ’70? In ’69 you had the Church. JJ: Then they flooded the neighborhood with drugs, (inaudible) but they did that [intentionally?]. DC: Yeah. Yeah, well, we’re thinking that they could -- they had a vulnerable prey. JJ: They might, because people were (inaudible) instead of correcting the situation like they used to, [00:46:00] let it (inaudible) and they would put ’em in (inaudible) I mean, the people in the neighborhood knew that. DC: But there was -- gentrification was going on, right? People were getting displaced big time, pushed outta Lincoln Park. JJ: It was unstable, the whole neighborhood, because, you know, you’re talking about Rush Street, and that’s where we started as a community. That’s Chicago and State. That was Lincoln Park, before and then in the early ’50s, we went to Lincoln Park. And by the time the people (inaudible) with all the different groups came, it was towards the tail end of the community. (inaudible). DC: Of -- right, of the displacement. JJ: (inaudible) DC: Yeah, yeah. And they all were moving to West Town. 25 �JJ: So -- DC: So then -- well, I mean, I don’t -- I remember, like I said, the -- JJ: (inaudible) that you remember -- DC: Yeah, I remember that. Yeah, I remember that. I hadn’t remembered it until you mentioned it the [00:47:00] other day. But yeah, that was a big deal. That was terrific, you know? And that was dealing with people who were potential allies, right? They were sympathetic, and they -- same thing with the takeover of the Church, right? There was not that much resistance. JJ: No, no, Reverend Gaskin was with us. He was with us. The congregation (inaudible) DC: Uh-huh. JJ: But then they tried to blame it on us, on the Young Lords. At least that was insinuated [by them?]. DC: Yeah, yeah. And when was Manuel killed? JJ: It was just before the (inaudible), May 4. DC: In September of ’70? JJ: May 4, ’69. DC: Of ’69? It was way in ’69? Oh, yeah, well, it had to be, because I remember -- I remember on a march. I was with Fred. And we were staying -- [00:48:00] I remember we were staying -- JJ: Oh, Fred was in the march? Okay, [I didn’t know when Fred was?]. 26 �DC: No, he was there. He was in the march. I was with him. It was some other people. And at some point, I think it was going west on Division Street. I think it was Division Street. Could’ve been North Avenue, maybe. JJ: I went to the march that day, and (inaudible) DC: But going west on Division, right? JJ: It was. DC: And we had kinda dropped off the march, and we were on a side street, just 50 feet from the corner. I don’t know why. We were talking about something or something. And the end of the march, and here comes the Bureau car, right? And they turned around. They made a left turn right onto the street in front of where we were standing on the parkway. And a cop had the window open. You know, it was plainclothes. And Fred looks down [00:49:00] at the guy. And he’s just kinda crawling by. And he says, “Mm, gang intelligence.” He says, “I can’t wait till the guerrilla warfare starts.” I says, “Holy shit. What the fuck?” You know, oh, that came back to me so many times. That’s a whole, enormous hidden subject, especially in an event like this. You know, it was the -- I don’t want to call it the dark side, but the hyper-active side, that more extreme side, of the Panthers’ operations, in those days, was the urge to provoke them, to challenge the cops. JJ: [War on gangs?]. DC: [00:50:00] Yeah. JJ: [War on gangs?]. 27 �DC: Yeah. And ’cause Hanrahan had gotten elected in ’68 on the war on gangs, and he was talking about the P. Stones and them, and you guys. And that’s how he got that group, [Gloves?] and them, assigned to his office, ’cause they had used to have -- they always had a police detail in the state’s attorney’s office, but they were old guys, fat guys that were near retirement, and they would go out, serve subpoenas, you know, or bring a witness to court. They didn’t do shit. And all of a sudden, he’s got all these red-hot, nasty, younger cops, [there were?] 14 cops in the raiding party, I think. And they were not old, fat cops, you know. They were young, like Gloves, [00:51:00] not green. Very experienced from kicking ass in the neighborhoods, in the minority neighborhoods. And those were the guys that he sent on the raids. Well, anyway, by ’75, we’re -- the Church committee is going. We’re going on the Hampton stuff and the discovery. They’re coming in saying, “We got no more documents.” We had this one US attorney who had kinda a conscience. He got kicked off the case around then, but before that the whole thing had come out about O’Neal being in -- the spy. And we told ’em, “Okay, give us O’Neal’s deposition.” [00:52:00] And they said, “All right, but it’s gonna be secret, you know? So you show up at the airport on such-and-such morning, and you’ll go with us, and we’ll go to where O’Neal is, and you can take his deposition and then come back.” So we did. Me, him, Flint, and [Bill Bender?], this guy from the CCR. And we went. And that was still this conscience guy in the US attorney’s office, was the only one they had there. We went to Detroit. We went to the federal building there. We got in a room. And we sat him down, started questioning him, questioned him all day. And this guy 28 �just let us. And he really -- he told us whatever we asked of him, you know? And one of the things he told us was, you know, the pretext for the raid was, oh, they’ve got illegal weapons in there, in the apartment, and that was what was in the search warrant, that they [00:53:00] pretended to be going to serve. And so I asked ’em, you know, we’ve been dealing with the FBI all this time, and you always go and meet your guy and you tell him what’s going on with the Panthers, and he questions you and you give him information about whatever you’re asking about, about whatever they’re doing. And he -- O’Neal was right in the middle of the chapter. You know, he was Fred’s bodyguard for a while. JJ: He came to(inaudible) at Church, [helped to?] train the Young Lords in security, so he would come and -- DC: He was very enterprising as an agent, you know? And as a Panther. And he said they never gave a shit about the guns, illegal, legal, whatever. But now they got this search warrant, says they got illegal weapons in the apartment, so now we got a pretext to go and raid it. Anyway, that had come at such a shock, that he was [00:54:00] an agent. And then we understood why the [Harold?] and [Truelock?] -- remember Truelock? Did you know him? JJ: I remember Truelock DC: They were from the Panthers. He was somebody Fred had met in jail that came out and joined up. And when they heard the cops coming up the stairs, they woke up and ran to the back to try to get Fred up to get ready for what was gonna happen. They couldn’t wake him. They couldn’t wake him, ’cause he was drugged. And so then all that stuff had happened, and we had this case, and 29 �now we’re dealing with the Church committee and trading documents. And this guy gave us some documents, including the floor plan, and another one about -JJ: [So they gave you that?]? DC: [00:55:00] No, the US attorney gave it to us. JJ: (inaudible) DC: You know, ’cause -- JJ: They had to give it to you. DC: Yeah, but they were supposed to turn over everything, and we had these comprehensive discovery requests, and they would just dole out a little bit, a little bit to make us try and satisfy us. But the more we got, the more we wanted, you know? And you could tell from the documents that there was more. You could tell from serial numbers and all that kinda stuff. And plus, we were getting information from this guy that worked for the Church committee, and we were giving him our stuff. And we made this one motion -- me and Flint worked out this long motion where we accused the judge of pretending that he didn’t think there were any documents, even though there’d been all these indications that we listed there were more. And he still denies it. [00:56:00] “You’ve had wonderful cooperation. You’ve had all these documents.” By that time, we did have several hundred pages, but nothing that said anything about COINTELPRO, which -- they were only -- had really only begun to really out it, you know, after they started -- ’cause the Church committee couldn’t get what they wanted, you know? JJ: And then -- 30 �DC: So -- okay. (inaudible) so by the time the trial -- the trial started in January ’76, they started picking the jury. And we had maybe, I think, a generous estimate -- I don’t really remember exactly, but maybe a thousand pages of FBI documents about the Panthers. And they were mostly -- almost all of ’em [00:57:00] were the kind of documents that they prepared to turn over in cases, you know? Later, we found when you read the real documents, then you compare it with the -what they call the 302, which is the form that they use for a statement about a police report, like, that they’re gonna turn over to the defense. And there’s all kind of variations, you know? I mean, they would just clean stuff up and hide stuff. But he insisted that the trial had to start, the judge, and we started. We started picking the jury. And in January -- we were still picking it in February. And all of a sudden in February, I get a call. Well, they’re gonna start the shit in Buffalo again. They’re gonna start up with these hearings and those indictments, even though there’d been all this scandal. So I had to leave and go back. And I was gone for three or four months. By the time I came back, you know, we were full in the middle of the trial. [00:58:00] And right about the time I came back, or even just before -- right -- no, the time I came back, they had this main agent on the witness stand who had been the one who ran O’Neal as his control, and who he would always meet with and tell him stuff and stuff, and who he gave the floor plan to, and who had given the floor plan to the cops, because they were saying you gotta raid the Panthers because they got all these illegal guns in there, which, in fact, when they -- JJ: [Who was saying that?]? 31 �DC: The FBI was saying that to the cops. JJ: (inaudible) they had the -- DC: Because, yeah, yeah, ’cause they were watching the whole time. I mean, and they sent those -- the fake letters to Jeff Ford, trying to make him think the Panthers were gonna -- out to get him, and that he should strike first. I mean, it was a bunch of stuff had happened, but it was sub rosa, you know? It was them doing [00:59:00] their thing. And in the trial, then, they were cross-examining this agent, Mitchell. And he referred to something that -- and we said, “Well, is that written up in a document?” And, he said, “Well, it should be, but I don’t know.” I said, “Well, why don’t you find that document?” And the judge said, “Yeah, you should find that document.” And Mitchell was on the stand for about a week, a week and a half, you know? End of the day, every day, we’d say, “Did you find the document?” “No, still looking.” And he was done with his testimony, was gonna leave the witness stand and be excused. And so Jeff and Montgomery, I think, [01:00:00] who was in the trial off and on, said, “Well, what about this document? Before he’s excused as a witness, we gotta--” he said, “Yeah, well, I did find it, you know? I found --” Go, “Okay, well, where’d you find it?” Da, da, da, da. And then he says, “Well, it was in a file about one of the Panthers named so-and-so, Lincoln.” You had a file about a Panther named Lincoln? Did you have a file about a Panther named Fred Hampton? “Well, you know --” And then everybody started arguing, and all the lawyers are shouting at each other, you know? And the judge finally bangs the gavel, and he says, “We’re gonna strike this out.” He says, “You just bring all these files up here tomorrow morning, and 32 �we’ll get to the bottom of this and make sure that they got everything.” So he came to court the next day. I’m just coming to watch, you know? And here come these [01:01:00] interns, whoever they were, with, like, shopping carts, three or four shopping carts, piled high with these files. JJ: The documents. DC: Files, yeah. JJ: (inaudible) documents. DC: Yeah, but COINTELPRO files. They had a file on every member of the Panthers. I mean, there was -- in the end, it was, like, 250,000 page of documents. A lot of them were total duplicates, you know? They’d write the same memo and put it in 12 files, you know, of 12 different Panthers. They had all -- collateral, other files. __: (inaudible) DC: Okay. I’ll be here. __: (inaudible)? JJ: [What’d he say?]? DC: Cubs are up 2 to nothing. JJ: Oh, yeah. DC: (laughs) __: [First inning, two runs?]. DC: Oh! JJ: [It’s permanent?]. __: Huh? JJ: It’s permanent in the video. 33 �__: In the video? (laughter) DC: Yeah, right? __: We’ll remember this day [01:02:00] [if they win?]. DC: Let’s hope it goes okay. JJ: Yeah. __: I’m gonna go to the bathroom, and -- JJ: Yeah, we’re almost done. __: -- [come back?]. DC: Okay. We’re almost through, so come back, and we’ll -- __: (inaudible) kick you outta here, but -- DC: Okay. JJ: Okay. (inaudible) DC: So he says he -- they come in with all these documents. He says, “Well, what are those?” He says, “Well, these are files on the Illinois chapter of the Black Panther party.” “Well, you better turn ’em over.” And we said, “Judge, we gotta stop the case here and let us read these files.” I mean, in the first day there was, like, 100,000 pages. Oh, no, we’re not stopping the trial. He told the jury, “Blame me that there’s a problem with these documents. It’s my fault.” JJ: Which judge was this? DC: Judge Perry. JJ: Judge Perry. 34 �DC: Judge Joe Sam Perry, a man from Alabama who had moved up here and got a job as a lawyer and been made a judge, a federal judge, [01:03:00] and he’d been a judge a long time. He was old and cranky and forgetful and, you know, although he’d been good to me a couple of times in some weird way. One time -oh, I won’t even tell that. JJ: (laughs) DC: Anyway, you know, so then he made the trial keep going, and we’re reading. They turned over copies of the documents, and we’re reading them at night and then using ’em to cross-examine the witnesses and the -- and like I say, in the end, it was something like, yeah, a round number was -- concluded it was 250,000 pages of files that they had that they said that they didn’t have and that these lawyers from Washington had stood up and swore didn’t exist. Judge says, “Blame me. I’m not gonna be bothered with that.” So the trial went on for another year [01:04:00] after that, after which the jury indicated they were pretty well hung, and so the judge dismissed the case. You know, he said, “Well, there was never enough evidence here to even go to the jury. We’ll throw it out.” Which was a boon to us because it made the standard really low on appeal, that just to show there was evidence, you know? But he had held Jeff and Flint in contempt a couple of times, and we were appealing that, and we were appealing the hiding of the documents, and we were appealing everything we could think of. I mean, me and Flint spent six months writing a brief, you know? It was that thick. And we got the right panel, and we got a reversal, a strong reversal. And then we got -- and I was back and forth. Finally, they threw everything out at Attica 35 �[01:05:00], so I was done for then. We had a civil suit we had started, but we weren’t directly involved in that. Michael and I had been up there in criminal cases a lot, and like I said, those two -- couple of two years, I stayed up there. And so then it was time to appeal the Hampton case. And we wrote this brief. And we had -- he had -- the judge assessed, like, $100,000 in costs against us and set $100,000 appeal bond. And they suspended that, court of appeals. And then we argued it, finally, in ’79. And the trial finished in June of ’77. I think it was in summer of ’79 we finally [01:06:00] argued the case. One of the judges had been an FBI agent, and he was a leading member of the society of exagents. JJ: (laughs) DC: And left it off his resume in the court. You couldn’t find it out. We only found it out -- JJ: (inaudible) DC: Judge Wilbur Pell. And in the government brief, US government brief, the guy had written something to the effect that said, these charges against these officers are insolent. They’re outrageous. You shouldn’t be allowed to come in a court and say things like that about sworn peace officers. So we put in the brief -- I put in the brief that there was this fascist-minded -- fascist-minded approach to the -- JJ: (inaudible) DC: -- prosecution [01:07:00] or to the government defense of the case, that it couldn’t be allowed to be heard because the accusations were so scandalous. And Jeff and Flint both argued for a while, and the government argued. And at 36 �the end of the government’s argument, the guy said, you know, “They called me a fascist in their brief. I’ve never been insulted like that before the judge in my whole” -- and Judge Pell turns around -- and he goes to sit down. And he turns around. I’m gonna get up to give the rebuttal argument. He says, “What about that, Mr. Cunningham? If we decide against you, are we fascists, too?” JJ: (laughs) DC: And I go, “No, judge, not exactly, but --” and I tried. Oh, I was so nonplussed. I didn’t know -- you know, it’s one of those times you think, oh, if only I’d thought of the right stuff to say, I’d’ve burned his ass up, but I gave ground, you know? Jeff listened to it when he was writing the book, and he said, [01:08:00] “It doesn’t sound as bad as you think,” you know? But it’s -- I still -- it’s something that mortified me afterwards when I realized I hadn’t just said yes, you know? You would be because that’s a fascist idea, that you can’t go to court when the cops abuse your rights. And if you said that that was okay, then you’d be subscribing to that. But that would’ve been simple enough if it had only occurred to me, you know? That’s always what happens. JJ: (inaudible) they’d challenge the thing about not having representation on the jury. DC: Yes. JJ: (inaudible) DC: Yes, we did that in the Days of Rage case. JJ: (inaudible) DC: That it was mostly -- it wasn’t so much the jury as the grand jury. And they proved that there hadn’t been any Black people on a grand jury for years. 37 �JJ: (inaudible) DC: Yeah, there were three or four cases, [01:09:00] including -- you remember the case of Brian Flanagan, that was accused of messing up Elrod, the city attorney, who chased him down the street and dove to try and tackle him and rammed his head into a wall and was crippled for the rest of his life based on that, but they tried to hang it all on Brian. And Warren, and it was Jeff, I think, and Warren Wolfson represent him, got an acquittal. And then Brian goes out and says, “Oh, we fucked ’em up, man. We got out. I was guilty as shit,” and on and on. You know, whoa, buddy. (inaudible) Come on, dude, you know? Who do you think you’re dealing with? Which was the same kinda feeling -- I mean, you had that feeling about a lot of stuff that happened, frankly, especially me, ’cause I was older. I had these kids. I thought [01:10:00] you know, it’s too dangerous. These cops are too vindictive, you know? And they hate it. And that had been shown in the different raids. You know that picture of the door of their office with shotgun holes in it? And that time -- the one time they raided the office, and somebody was talking about that yesterday. JJ: (inaudible)I have a picture. DC: And pissed in the cereal that was for the breakfast program and set fire to it one time. JJ: (inaudible) DC: Ugh. I mean, you know, not that that kind of racism in cops doesn’t still exist and get promoted by their work as cops, but there, they had an excuse against the Panthers and you guys [01:11:00] to insist on it as part of the cop philosophy. 38 �And then, you know, when Gilhooly and Rappaport were killed, and Jake Winters was killed, that was all the motivation they needed, you know? As much as it was instigated by the FBI and enabled by the FBI with the floor plan and the -and drugging Fred and all the stuff that O’Neal had done -JJ: Do you remember anything about Reverend Jackson’s case at all? Was that mentioned? DC: I remember -- I only remember -- JJ: I don’t know what happened -- DC: I don’t, either. And I don’t think anything ever really did. JJ: Nobody (inaudible) DC: They never knew -- whatever they knew [01:12:00] they kept to themselves. JJ: (inaudible) and they lost the file -- DC: Was that -- JJ: -- at Garrett seminary. DC: Yeah? JJ: [The files there -- they lost ’em?]. And that was recent, a couple of years ago. DC: That probably -- JJ: And one of the professors from the university -- and he had set up the appointment and everything. DC: And they -- JJ: (inaudible) we have a file. When they went there, there were no files. DC: Wow. JJ: At the Garrett -- 39 �DC: They would still have agents watching for (inaudible)? The file might’ve been gone for a long time. JJ: Yeah, right. DC: You know? JJ: They just didn’t -- DC: Going back to the time when it was -- all that stuff was more active, you know? JJ: Right, right. DC: You never know. JJ: But we had (inaudible) family (inaudible) investigated, they opened all the files where the police had investigated us. (laughs) DC: Yeah. Yeah, well, it was that kind of thing. They could say, well, it was probably them, you know? JJ: But we opened up the Church -- that was the first time we let ’em come in [01:13:00] and look at the files and everything. DC: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. That was really an unbelievable mystery, an unbelievable trauma, that that happened to those people. And you could see it coming from a lot of different places, possibly, you know? Just no way to really understand it. JJ: Right. Well, they took advantage of anything. They took advantage of the Young Lords that were just coming from a gang into a political movement, and they took advantage of that community. DC: Well, do you remember the date they were killed? JJ: The date was September 29. Of Reverend Johnson? DC: Yeah. 40 �JJ: September 29. It was only two months before Fred Hampton. Two months before Fred Hampton. And then there was also other things going on, [lynching?] (inaudible). DC: Yes. JJ: (inaudible) DC: Yeah, there was. (overlapping dialogue; inaudible) DC: Yeah, yeah. [01:14:00] And they had that attack in LA right after Fred was killed. And the whole community came out then and made them stop. Somebody said that yesterday, one of those things that they had heard -- they had learned at some point afterwards that Gates had ordered a tank. The cops had a tank. They were gonna bring the tank down there ’cause Geronimo had made them fortify the office. They had all these sandbags inside, you know? So they were really kind of safe in here. Phew. But then that’s the same kind of thing, is the level of hostility on the part of the cops, that they would bring a tank, let alone that they would make the attack at 4:00 in the morning, just like they did in Chicago. JJ: Any final thoughts? DC: The final word? My final thought is, you know, [01:15:00] -- we -- when the Hampton case was remanded by the court of appeals, it went to the Supreme Court, then too. They tried to get it in the Supreme Court. And the appeals court had awarded us fees for winning the appeal, but the Supreme Court said, oh, no, they didn’t win anything. All they did was go back to square one, no fees. And 41 �they did it without hearing arguments or briefs or anything. They just said on the face of it, you can’t have this money. Thurgood Marshall dissented and said, no, we should at least have this question briefed and have them come and argue and have it dealt with as a real case. But the others all voted against him. And again, you know, ’cause that Judge [01:16:00] Pell had written this really vituperative dissent in the appeal, and now, Judge Lewis Powell on the Supreme Court wrote the same kind of appeal -- yeah, we can go. JJ: [Sure?]. DC: And that was -- So I say that to say, and finish up on that note, that the hostility was in the courts as well. It wasn’t so pervasive, but it was real. [We’re getting?] -- JJ: Is that it? DC: Yeah. JJ: Thank you. DC: I mean, you know, I’ll think about it. I’ll send you another line. All right? END OF VIDEO FILE 42 � https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/b88019b589ea3605e77e9d46f4da055f.mp4 8ed129e7e11525731983ff463e3f64ad Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Young Lords in Lincoln Park Collection Subject The topic of the resource Young Lords (Organization) Puerto Ricans--United States Civil Rights--United States--History Lincoln Park (Chicago, Ill.) Personal narratives Social justice Community activists--Illinois--Chicago Description An account of the resource Collection of oral history interviews and digitized materials documenting the history of the Young Lords Organization in Lincoln Park, Chicago. Interviews were conducted by Young Lords' founder, José “Cha-Cha” Jiménez, and documents were digitized from Mr. Jiménez' archives. The Young Lords in Lincoln Park collection grows out of the ongoing struggle for fair housing, self-determination, and human rights that was launched by Mr. José “Cha-Cha” Jiménez, founder of the Young Lords Movement. This project is dedicated to documenting the history of the displacement of Puerto Ricans, Mejicanos, other Latinos, and the poor from Lincoln Park, as well as the history of the Young Lords nationwide. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jiménez, José, 1948- Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/491">Young Lords in Lincoln Park collection (RHC-65)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-04-25 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Language A language of the resource eng spa Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-65 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2012-2017 Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Título Spanish language Title entry Dennis Cunningham vídeo entrevista y biografía Descripción Spanish language Description entry Historia oral de Dennis Cunningham, entrevistado por José 'Cha-Cha' Jimenez el 23/10/2016 acerca de los Young Lords en Lincoln Park. Sujetos Spanish language Subject terms Young Lords (Organización) Puertorriqueños--Estados Unidos Derechos civiles--Estados Unidos--Historia Lincoln Park (Chicago, Ill.) Narrativas personales Justicia social Activistas comunitarios--Illinois--Chicago Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/491">Young Lords in Lincoln Park (RHC-65)</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-65_Cunningham_Dennis Title A name given to the resource Dennis Cunningham video interview and transcript Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cunningham, Dennis Description An account of the resource Oral history of Dennis Cunningham, interviewed by Jose 'Cha-Cha' Jimenez on 10/23/2016 about the Young Lords in Lincoln Park. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jiménez, José, 1948- Subject The topic of the resource Young Lords (Organization) Puerto Ricans--United States Civil Rights--United States--History Lincoln Park (Chicago, Ill.) Personal narratives Social justice Community activists--Illinois--Chicago Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016-10-23 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/727581f7f86984bb540d4f02ac91a97c.jpg f00cb9a9f3c464820a5c83094be41c00 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Grand Valley State University Photographs Subject The topic of the resource Aerial photographs Universities and colleges Michigan Grand Rapids (Mich.) Allendale (Mich.) Building Facilities Dormitories Students Events 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Description An account of the resource People, places, and events of Grand Valley State University from its founding in 1960 as a 4-year college in western Michigan. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource News & Information Services. University Communications Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">News &amp; Information Services. University Photographs. (GV012-01)</a> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-03-03 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1960s-2000s Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Local Subject Subject headings specific to a particular image collection 1970s Source <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/41">University photographs, GV012-01</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context GV012-01_UAPhotos_000273 Title A name given to the resource Dennis deYoung with Styx in concert Description An account of the resource Dennis deYoung with Styx in concert. Subject The topic of the resource Grand Valley State University Michigan Allendale (Mich.) Universities and colleges Concerts Events Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives black and white photo https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a1f0d8924cc4ac4b737e6cba28c3dbe0.mp4 aadf31649def986beaca16c9b1f5b0d3 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/e6d13f4c9fa4eedeba1919ed7f9903a7.pdf 6f12354613c0b869974d8ba337e56589 PDF Text Text ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEW JERRE DENOBLE Women in Baseball Born: June 11, 1923 Resides: Interviewed by: James Smither PhD, GVSU Veterans History Project, August 8, 2010, Detroit, MI at the All American Girls Professional Baseball League reunion. Transcribed by: Joan Raymer, April 7, 2011 Interviewer: “Now Jerre, can you start by telling us a little bit of background on yourself? To begin with, where and when were you born?” I was born in 1923, June 11 in Oakland, California, at 131 Chestnut Street. I even remember the address. Interviewer: “What did your family do for a living?” My dad was a truck driver and my mom was a stay at home mom because in those days women didn’t have jobs, they stayed home and had babies. Interviewer: “Did your father keep his job during the depression?” No, there were three express companies, Mayflower, Bekins and my dad’s was Market Street Express and they lost business, so he had to go to driving--become a teamster and drive for other companies. Interviewer: “But he still had work?” Oh yeah, we were very fortunate in that respect. We didn’t have money, you know, he would save tires and cut the rubber and sew it to our shoes, so we could get around, you know. 16:57 Interviewer: “When did you start playing sports?” 1 �I guess since I was able to walk. My daddy—we had two boys, but he made a tomboy out of me. My brothers were into music and stuff like that, so I started playing ball from the time I was a tiny thing I guess. I’d say about ten or somewhere around there. Interviewer: “Whom were you playing with?” My Daddy--we had a long driveway and boy, he’d pepper that ball in and I’d—he’d say, “it’s all right, if you’re going to learn to play ball you got to catch them”. Interviewer: “When you were playing, did you have a regular baseball or a softball?” Well, he had a—I guess it was kind of like a softball. Interviewer: “Did you have a glove?” Ah huh, I had a five-finger Ty Cobb and Babe Ruth and it had one web. 18:00 Interviewer: “When did you start to play on teams?” I was about—we had to lie about my age—I was about fourteen and you’re supposed to be sixteen and the other girls, they were about ten or eleven years older than myself. I played for a while with just the amateurs, and then the manager, Ollie Fisher from J.D. Craig’s, he was a world champ three times in a row, and he picked me up and I started playing with him and from then on we just kept going—industrial leagues and about four nights a week is what we played, different teams you know. 18:45 Interviewer: “What position did you play?” Well, in softball I was playing second base, but when I converted over to hardball, the girls complained about bruises in their hands, they were a little too hard, I ended up in left field and it didn’t do too much damage except hit the home plate. 2 �Interviewer: “Ok, now when you were playing softball, how far would you travel? Did you stay in California? City to city, Visalia, down south, wherever and whoever, yah Interviewer: “What kind of audiences did you have?” Fairly good, and of course most of the out of town ones were like country, and you didn’t have a big attendance because the population was less you know. When we played the cities like Alameda or San Francisco, we even played against men down at the Oakland ballpark. 19:50 We had a great pitcher, her name was Willie Turner, a little blonde bomber from Stockton or some place like that. We had real good pitchers in those days, Betty Evans from Portland, Oregon. Interviewer: “Now, were you playing in the leagues during World War II?” Yeah doing that and working sixteen-hour shift in the Glass House. We were making those big floats for the Submarines and stuff like that you know. Between playing ball and working, we didn’t get much rest. Interviewer: “I wouldn’t think so.” Three or four hours sleep a day. Interviewer: “How much were they paying you?” At the Glass House? Interviewer: “Did they pay you for the softball?” Well, I got hired in to play ball, but I wasn’t tall enough to work there. You had to be five feet ten and weigh over a hundred pounds, which I wasn’t, so they hired me in to play ball, but I worked my way in. 20:55 Taught myself, watched the girls pack and how they flip the bottles and when they realized I could do it they built pallets and then 3 �they started lowering the—and hiring people my height, but we were the first Guinea Pigs, you might call it, because the men had all those jobs and when the war broke out they took the men out, so they had to replace them with women and women aren’t as tall as men, so they had to make all these adjustments you know. We had fourteen departments down there and I worked twelve of the fourteen, all different jobs. Interviewer: “Now, did you like working there? Did you enjoy working there?” Yeah, to a point—it was rough, but I liked almost all the jobs, yeah. 21:47 I spent forty years there, so—I eventually worked up to a supervisor’s job also. They made me a supervisor over the teamsters and the warehouse men and that was the toughest thing I ever did in my life. 22:01 You didn’t boss them, you asked them, but I made a lot of friends and they’re still my friends. In fact, they’re better friends to me than the women. Interviewer: “When you were playing softball, did you play on military bases or did you entertain soldiers?” Yes, I also coached the women’s WAVES in Alameda. Interviewer: “Did you play for audiences on the bases?” No, it was mostly practice and I guess they played out of town because I didn’t travel with them because I had a job, but when they were stationed in for a month or whatever because they were stationed in Hawaii and all different places, so it was hard to travel with them. Interviewer: “When you were playing with your softball teams, did you ever go outside of California?” 22:59 No, we stayed within the county, Alameda County mostly. Interviewer: “How did you wind up with the All American?” 4 �Well, I didn’t know a thing about it, but Dottie—Dorothy Stolze, I called her Dottie, I grew up with her. She lived about three houses up from me and we played softball on the same team. How she found out, I don’t know, but she approached me one day and said, “Jerre, they’re going to have tryouts in San Francisco and they’re going to send a scout out. Let’s go over and tryout for baseball”, and I said, “I don’t know if I want to”. I had a job and I had a lot of years and built up seniority that I didn’t want to lose, but she said, “Let’s give it a try, we made out basics”, so I did, I went over with her and there were like five hundred gals that were there. 24:03 They hit balls to us and grounders and fly balls over our shoulder and did about everything they could do, but have us stand on our heads. They didn’t say nothing to us and about two weeks, I guess, later I got a letter from Max Carey stating to go get a Passport and my birth certificate, and that we would be receiving a ticket for a flight, to Havana, Cuba. That’s how we found out we were going to play ball. When we got to Cuba, we went to the training and it was quite a conversion. Conversion over from softball-- base lengths, pitching and everything different, but I liked it and we adjusted, but I was sent to Grand Rapids, Michigan. 24:57 Interviewer: “Lets back up a little bit. Tell me a little bit more about spring training in Cuba. When you got the invitation to go play in the league, did you agree right away or did you have to think about it?” No, I just went to it. Interviewer: “I guess you told me before we started the interview that you weren’t sure you wanted to go.” I was hesitant, but once—if fact I didn’t really want to go and my supervisor he told me, “Jerre”, he said, “We’ll give you a leave of absence, you won’t lose any time on the job, 5 �we’ll stop your time and then when you come back we’ll start it again”, and I said, “I don’t know”, and he said, “it’s a chance of a lifetime you’ll probably never ever get again”, so I went. That’s the reason that I went, because they said they wouldn’t give me my seniority back, which they did in the end. 25:50 Interviewer: “Now, what was it like to play in Cuba?” It was fun. They called us Amazons because the girls over there are very, very frail, very feminine and short. Here we are throwing like sixteen-pound bowling balls and they throw that little tiny thing, and we’re out there playing ball like mad—they just didn’t believe it. They would follow us around, oh my goodness. I got pictures you should see, I mean it was like playing a game. They would sit up there in the bleachers and follow us outside the gate—it was fun. In fact, on April 29th, when we got there, I think it was a day or two later, we were in the Sevilla Biltmore, which is right across from the presidents palace, and they, Castro, tried to assassinate that president, Batista, and we heard these firecrackers going off and everything, and we thought they were celebrating the fact that Americans were there, that we were there to play ball, and we found out it was the revolution they were trying to get started and they were trying to get rid of that president, but it was exciting. That’s all I can say. 27:05 Interviewer: “So you complete that, and then where do you go next?” Do you mean from Cuba? Interviewer: “Yes” We came over here and there’s a lot of difference you know—I don’t know—I don’t really know what to say. Interviewer: “Well, did you go to Grand Rapids?” 6 �Yeah, we went to Grand Rapids when we got back for there. I had one heck of a night my first night, I didn’t miss hardly a thing. We went twelve, I think it was twelve, innings, and I got a clipping on that, twelve innings, no runs nothing. I don’t remember how I got on, but anyway, I scored the one and only run and it showed me coming across the plate with a big old grin across my face. I really don’t remember if I got a hit or what, but anyhow, I made the run. 28:01 Then I got a phone call the next morning and I thought I had a hell of a nice game, and I got a phone call the next morning that I had to report to Peoria. I said, “What did I do wrong?” I had a good night you know, and I still didn’t know why I was traded. I believe they started with their team in Peoria in 1946, I believe, and this was 1947, so apparently they needed a left fielder, I don’t know, but I thought, “Oh my God, what did I do wrong?” I really hurt my feeling, but you learn to adjust to it. We were housed there by the Berglands and I believe he was the director or something of the association, and there were four of us that were housed there. I was pretty nice. 28:57 Being away so many years and I got there this week and I couldn’t believe there’s only two of my roommates left—they’ve passed on you know. It was funny, the only way I knew them was through this—it was 1947 since I’d seen them or heard from them. I wouldn’t even be here if it wasn’t for my little twelve year old niece on the computer, she saw the movie. She said, “my great aunt used to play ball. I’m going to see what I can find out”, so she got on that computer, got a hold of Carol and started talking to Carol and then Carol sent me some literature and I had no idea the league was still going on. I thought when I hung my spikes up it was over, but it wasn’t, it’s gone on all these years, but it was great getting back. 29:55 The people are just 7 �fantastic, yeah, we’ve had so much fun here I hate to go back to California, believe me I do. Interviewer: “Well, the league is going to California next year.” 30:29 Yeah, that’s—I’m looking forward to that. That’s about eight hours from where I live. I live up in the bay area and that’s down south, but I’ll get there if the lord’s willing and I live that long. Interviewer: “Now, did you only play in the league that one year?” Yeah, I came back and I was going to teach the WAVES in the industrial league how to hook slide. I sure did, I hit third, I hit the sack and my ankle went skewed and turned absolutely, completely around and snapped off at the ankle. The front was in the back and the back was in the front. I started out with a cast to here and then to the knee and ended up with a walking cast for months, so that kind of put the end to it. I never thought any more about and I didn’t know they were still playing or I would have been there, if I had to crawl. If I’d of known they were playing. 31:16 Interviewer: “So, did you go back to your job in California?” Oh yeah, I went back and I worked at it for forty years, and then when the state or the government passed the law that they had to have equal pay for rank—see what happened, they were picking these boys up out of school, off the street, and bringing them in and we would teach them how to inspect bottles, how to pack them and they become our crew leaders in a month and we’re there twenty-eight years and we’re still teaching them and they’re moving ahead. Anyhow, the government decided that they should start making women supervisors, so I did make supervisor, but like I say, it was out in the warehouse with the teamsters and the warehousemen, and boy that is tough. 32:07 Boy, they’re 8 �unionized let me tell you, but yeah, they did call me in and did offer me a job in the plant which I knew that part of the department back and forward. Back in Florida I worked twelve out of the fourteen departments, but I decided I had enough, so I quit or took my retirement, early retirement, at fifty-eight. I was home about five weeks and my mind— I’ve always worked and I went to the bar one day and Joanne Weston, the Big Bomber, the roller derby queen, was in the bar. I walked in there and was going to order a drink and she said, “hey, watch the bar for me, I got to run over to the bank and I’ll be right back”, and I said, “I don’t know how to tend bar”, and she said, “if they want a drink, just ask them what goes in it and if they don’t know, they don’t need it” 33:07 That’s how I started tending bar for thirteen years. Yeah, and then I finally hung it up. Here I am again. Interviewer: “How do you think your experience in sports, the time you spent playing organized ball, softball and baseball, how do you think that affected you or helped you in your life or help you to do other things?” Well, it taught me a lot of self-respect mainly, and it gave me a little more confidence in myself. I was very shy and it kind of gave me a different look on life. I was a little more forward and able to speak up and speak my mind, which I never did before. People would say something and I would cry, I was real backward you know. 34:12 I’m not now, but I was. Interviewer: “Did you ever think of yourself as any kind of pioneer, whether it was in sports or in your job?” Not really, not really, it was just something we had to do. Interviewer: “Did you ever see the “A league of Their Own” movie? 9 �I sure did and I was just so excited I couldn’t see straight. I went out—in California it sold out immediately, that film, because we’re ball minded anyhow, and you know I went from pillar to post and couldn’t find one and apparently someone had passed away and my niece down south in Sacramento, she went into a thrift store and she found a tape that hadn’t even been opened and she called me and sent me the tape, so I have the tape. 35:09 I couldn’t find it at all at home, it really sold, and just about everybody in California has one. Believe it or not, everybody that had it remembered then that I played and I had so many letters from young kids wanting autographs and things. I won’t send an autograph unless it’s on a picture because to me a name is nothing unless you have a face to go with it, so I go down and have that Copymat and have these eight by tens made. I have a nice picture with me picking up a bat. I have them made and then I autograph them and give them to them. I just feel that way about it. What’s a name on a piece of paper if you don’t know who it is? You know yourself, you write an address down and a name, but I’ve been trying to get cards made. 36:13 I’ve had so many requests, but the one that broke my heart was this young fella wrote me and said, “I’m getting married in September and my wife to be saw your movie and went absolutely crazy. Would you please get a congratulation card for our wedding and autograph it? We’ll cherish that until the day we die”, and you know I even sent Carol a letter and if she can get the whole league or whoever would be available to sign one for them. You know that’s the kind of letters I would get in the mail and it makes you feel so great that people are acknowledging you. I mean little kids, I’m eight, I’m ten, I’m twelve, and it really does something to you. 37:17 10 �Interviewer: “Well, it also makes for a good story, so I would just like to thank you for coming in and telling it to us today.” This has been a great thrill, really and truly. Just getting back again and being around all the old friends, and believe it or not it’s like I never left after all these years. The funny part is though they got a story going around that it’s my great, great grand child and I haven’t been married and it’s my great, great niece and I have a picture of her and she’s adorable. She sent for a uniform and she chose white and she had a picture taken in it and she sent me the uniform, so I called her and I said, “Claissa, my uniform wasn’t white, it was khaki”, and she said, “well, I like white”, and she did take a beautiful picture. This kid just turned thirteen and you would swear she was twenty, a beautiful girl. Everybody in the league—all the kids in the league said that she should be a model and I said, “she already is sweetheart”, but that’s how I got in was through this little kid you know. 38:25 We’re trying to bring her in as an associate and get the younger kids down south into it. 11 �12 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource All-American Girls Professional Baseball League Interviews Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League was started by Philip Wrigley, owner of the Chicago Cubs, during World War II to fill the void left by the departure of most of the best male baseball players for military service. Players were recruited from across the country, and the league was successful enough to be able to continue on after the war. The league had teams based in Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana and Michigan, and operated between 1943 and 1954. The 1954 season ended with only the Fort Wayne, South Bend, Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo, and Rockford teams remaining. The League gave over 600 women athletes the opportunity to play professional baseball. Many of the players went on to successful careers, and the league itself provided an important precedent for later efforts to promote women's sports. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/484">All-American Girls Professional Baseball League Collection, (RHC-58)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Sports for women World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American All-American Girls Professional Baseball League--Personal narratives Oral history Baseball players--Minnesota Baseball players--Indiana Baseball players--Wisconsin Baseball players--Michigan Baseball players--Illinois Baseball for women--United States Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-58 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 application/pdf Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Language A language of the resource eng Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-10-02 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-58_JDenoble Title A name given to the resource Denoble, Jerre (Interview transcript and video), 2010 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Denoble, Jerre Description An account of the resource Jerre Denoble was born in Oakland, California in 1923. She learned to play ball from her father, and while she was a teenager she started playing softball in an industrial league. A friend encouraged her to try out for the AAGPBL, and she joined the league in Cuba for spring training in 1947. She was assigned to Grand Rapids, but after scoring the only run in the season opener, she was sent to Peoria. After playing one season, she went back to her job in California. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) Video recordings All-American Girls Professional Baseball League--Personal narratives Baseball for women--United States Baseball Sports for women World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Baseball players--Michigan Baseball players--Illinois Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010-08-08 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/484">All-American Girls Professional Baseball League Collection, (RHC-55)</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/abdda875345b214304b1b3dabb00c677.jpg fd7e372004747d78433af02436e223b6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ronald Oakes collection Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Oakes, Ronald Description An account of the resource Collection of photographs by Ronald Oakes, who served in the U.S. Marine Corps during the Vietnam War, and in the U.S. National Guard in the Iraq War. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968/2005 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/628">Ronald Oakes Vietnam and Iraq war photographs (RHC-80)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Iraq War, 2003-2011 Vietnam War, 1961-1975 Veterans Photographs Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Relation A related resource Veterans History Project interviews, RHC-27 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-80 Language A language of the resource eng Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-80_Oakes-Vietnam-LTDEPLOYINGMENUNDERFIREOPALLENBROOK Title A name given to the resource Deploying Men Under Fire Subject The topic of the resource Vietnam War, 1961-1975 United States--History, Military Marine Corps Military life Soldiers Photographs Description An account of the resource Lt. O'Rourke (center of picture) deploying troops during a firefight south of Hue. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Oakes, Ronald Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Ronald Oakes Vietnam and Iraq photographs (RHC-80) Relation A related resource Veterans History Project interviews, RHC-27 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Vietnam War Language A language of the resource eng Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a7ad274836c26a9e24f798aae3f7efc8.jpg e0d2b4e12ebafd00d98ce4a21fc1cbea Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert H. Merrill photographs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1909/1950 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-222 Description An account of the resource Photographs, negatives, and lantern slides digitized from the papers of engineer and archaeologist Robert H. Merrill. A Grand Rapids native, Merrill held an accomplished career as a civil engineer. He founded the company Spooner & Merrill, which held offices in Grand Rapids and Chicago. From 1919-1921, Merrill lived in China, working as Assistant Principal Engineer on a reconstruction of the Grand Canal - the oldest and longest canal system in the world. Merrill became fascinated by archaeology, and among other projects, he traveled to the Uxmal Pyramids in Yucatan, Mexico, with a research expedition from Tulane University. Merrill's photo collection includes images of his travels and projects, friends and family. Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Merrill_NE_52_1917_003 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1917-07-21 Title A name given to the resource Depression 1740 looking north 45 degrees west Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph of a field in front of a hill in Otsego County, New York. Subject The topic of the resource Otsego County (N.Y.) New York Landscapes Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert H. Merrill papers (RHC-222) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Language A language of the resource eng Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Merrill, Robert H., 1881-1955 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/4e4b329fbb88cdfe162621b7d45d8ec8.m4v 2be91ad71ce8c6d4bf6d6b5007ec9596 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a510e7fbf8a0ba47913240c5b06a12df.pdf 3637091abc94418ff3f66adefed3c2f0 PDF Text Text Grand Valley State University Veterans' History Project Bernard DePrimo World War II 1 hour 14 minutes 35 seconds (00:00:10) Early Life -Born in Jefferson County, Pennsylvania -Lived there for two years -Moved to Detroit, Michigan -Father's mine in Pennsylvania had gone down -Father had started working in the mines when he was only nine years old -Born in 1924 -Moved to Detroit in 1926 -Went to Sacred Heart Catholic School for eight years -Went to Detroit Catholic Central High School for four years -Graduated in 1942 -Father worked for Cadillac for one year -Went on to work for the railroad -Had steady work through the Great Depression -Had a sister (00:02:05) Pearl Harbor -Friend's father was the city editor for the News -He was at his friend's house listening to a football game on the radio -Friend's father called up and told them about the attack on Pearl Harbor -Prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor the war had had little effect on him (00:03:09) College and Getting Drafted -In fall 1942 he started studying at the University of Detroit -Had one semester there -One month into the second semester he received his draft notice -Early 1943, most likely February 1943 -Had to report on March 2, 1943 for a draft physical -Passed that and was given a week of leave -Reported again on March 9, 1943 -Taken to Fort Custer, Michigan -Processed, tested, and given uniforms there -Stayed there for three days (00:04:28) Training -Sent to Camp Davis, North Carolina -Went through basic training there -Trained with the 430th Anti Aircraft Artillery Battalion -Everyone training at Camp Davis was going to go into an anti aircraft unit -Had six weeks of standard basic training -Exercises and long marches -Camp Davis was on the east side of the state �-Went to Fort Fisher, North Carolina for anti aircraft training with anti aircraft guns -Close to Wilmington -Spent Easter 1943 in Wilmington -Emphasis on discipline and following orders -Sergeants training them came from the northeast and were experienced with anti aircraft guns -Got along well with them -Sergeants and officers training them would be their commanders overseas -He was in communications -Communications sergeant had served for twelve years -He wasn't a strict man -Didn't see the need for the men to be overly disciplined -Didn't have any problems with adjusting to the Army -Had a good mess sergeant and mess crew -Able to eat civilian food instead of Army food -On Sunday morning you could order your breakfast however you wanted it -There were about 500 men in the 430th AAA Battalion -He was in C Battery -Had guns, but also communication personnel -Communication personnel laid wire so that the gun crews could communicate with each other -Also laid wire between the gun crews and headquarters -He also learned how to drive trucks -They were a mobile unit so everyone had to learn how to drive -Meant they could advance with the rest of the ground forces -Stayed at Camp Davis and Fort Fisher until late August 1943 (00:14:28) Deployment Pt. 1 -Given an eleven day leave before deploying -Reported to Fort Devens, Massachusetts -Stayed in old, brick buildings for three weeks -Building they had been in had been used by the Women's Army Corps -Meant that they didn't have any urinals (00:15:12) Downtime during Training -After the first six weeks of training they were allowed to leave the base -There wasn't much to do in Wilmington -Could play golf -Could go to a town near Fort Bragg -Given a three day pass and got to visit Washington D.C. -Had a half day on Saturday and Sundays off -Able to spend a lot of time on the beach -Noticed the segregation in the South -Expected to see it going in (00:17:32) Deployment Pt. 2 -Planned to ship out of Boston -Sent to Camp Myles Standish, Massachusetts for one week �-Boarded a converted British cruise ship on October 22, 1943 -Joined a convoy -Arrived in Cardiff, Wales -Had one bad storm on the voyage over -Storm got bad enough that the stern would rise out of the water -Didn't do much on the ship -Most men played cards to pass the time -A lot of men got seasick -He didn't -Didn't have any U-Boat scares -Took ten, or eleven, days to cross the Atlantic Ocean (00:20:19) Stationed in England -Unloaded at Cardiff and then went to Liverpool, England -Stationed at a small town outside of Liverpool named Huyton -The first thing they had to do was take the Cosmoline off the anti aircraft guns -Cosmoline: Protective grease put on the guns to protect them from corrosion -Stayed in Huyton for about one month -Moved to RAF Burtonwood -Set up their guns there -Stationed there for a while -In March 1944 they travelled to Somerset -Stayed there until D-Day (June 6, 1944) -On the eve of D-Day they drove to Southampton -Could see planes taking off and heading for Europe -Knew something big was happening (00:24:12) Downtime in England -Able to drive around and explore England -He would drive the platoon commander out to see where the guns could be set up -Wasn't difficult to adjust to driving in England because there wasn't much traffic -Got to visit London while in Somerset -Only got do that once -Spent one, or two, nights there -Visited local pubs and saw the Tube -Saw evidence of the Blitz -English were very welcoming of Americans -Some English soldiers were annoyed by the American presence, but not hostile (00:27:17) Crossing to France -In Southampton for two nights -Loaded onto a ship and crossed the English Channel -Arrived on June 8 (or June 9) and anchored off shore for a couple days -Troops on the ground were wiping out the last of the German resistance -Luftwaffe still came over at night -Some of the gun crews manned the ship's guns and fired at the enemy planes -Unloaded personnel and material over the side of the ship -Had cranes to unload vehicles �-Personnel climbed down cargo nets into landing craft -Landed at Omaha Beach -On June 11 there was still a lot of debris -Bodies had been cleared off the beach (00:29:54) Advancing through France -Drove up to Colleville-sur-Mer, France -Spent the first night there -Had four different positions in three days -Changed positions sometimes twice a day -Within the first week some planes went over that they shot at -Unfortunately one was a British plane -It had been following a German plane and flew straight through the flak -Fortunately, the pilot only sustained broken legs -Only one, or two, German planes would show up at a time -Remembers during one Sunday Mass being interrupted by German planes -For the first few weeks they didn't leave their positions -Saw some French civilians, but not many -Set up in the countryside in open areas -On June 21, 1944 they moved into a chateau in Beuzeville-la-Bastille -Headquarters was set up in the chateau -Slept near the hedgerows near their gun positions -Shot a German paratrooper out of the sky that had been separated from his unit -Received very little news of the war -Operated a switchboard in headquarters -Saw a map showing the progress of the Allied advance -Stayed in Beuzeville from June 21, 1944 to July 22, 1944 -Laying wire to one of the other guns -Got back to camp at night and heard rifle fire and artillery fire -Moved to Saint Come du Mont, then Saint Marie du Mont, then Carentan -On August 2, 1944 they moved through St. Lo -Kept moving east after the Allied break out in July 1944 -By August 22, 1944 they were just west of Chartres (00:38:26) Red Ball Express -The Red Ball Express needed more personnel -Red Ball Express: A truck convoy system used to supply the Allies in France -He was sent to join the 110th Field Artillery Battalion -This was because their trucks were already being used for the Red Ball Express -Got to go into Paris as part of the supply operation -Ran supplies from Normandy to units around Paris -Did a lot of driving that wasn't part of the Red Ball Express -Got up to Belgium -Transporting German prisoners of war -Traveled in convoys -Drove with a driving partner -After one supply run they tried to visit Paris again �-Ran out of gas though -Driving one time on a French road -A farmer and his cow were walking on the side of the road -Cow stepped and the truck caught part of the cow slamming it into the truck -Cow defecated everywhere, but was unharmed -Found a bugle -He and his partner would drive through towns while his partner played La Marseillaise -Lived on K rations and C rations -Sometimes subsisted on only coffee for days at a time -Had to be careful when they made coffee because they used a blowtorch to heat it -Did supply runs sporadically through the end of the war -At the end of the war he helped transport Allied prisoners of war and displaced persons (00:47:33) Advance into Germany -For the rest of fall 1944 they were around the Dutch-German border -He had rejoined the 430th AAA Battalion -After Thanksgiving 1944 they received orders to move into Germany -Set up outposts in Germany around Christmas 1944 -Their sector was quiet during the Battle of the Bulge -Most fighting was happening south of their position -Aware of the Battle of the Bulge though -Stationed in a barbershop in Alsdorf, Germany -Had a radio outpost set up on the roof -Even had a Christmas tree -Received orders on December 23, 1944 to move to Stolberg, Germany -Protecting a 150mm artillery gun -That gun's crew was firing into the Bulge -Stayed in Stolberg through January and into early February (00:50:54) Evidence of the War -Aachen and Julich had been severely damaged by the war -Streetlights still worked in Julich, but most of the buildings had been damaged -Some areas had not been as heavily damaged, or damaged at all -Could go to movie theatres -Could meet local girls -Could attend Mass on Sunday mornings -Many of the people they encountered were grateful to be liberated, but not openly friendly -Wasn't any German aircraft activity while in Stolberg -Told that if German forces attacked Stolberg they were to hold their position -40mm anti-aircraft guns would have been effective against infantry and "soft" vehicles -Totally ineffective against tanks and other armored vehicles (00:53:46) German Jet Planes and Rockets -Saw German jet planes later in the war �-At one of the gun positions he saw one fly over -Outside of Maastricht he saw a V-2 rocket come down only 300 yards from his position -Made a crater that was twenty feet deep -Some men in his unit had been wounded due to the blast -Concussion had blown out windows in a nearby building and caused lacerations (00:56:12) Casualties -His battery only had one man killed in action -Happened while in Beuzeville, France -An 88mm German shell exploded over where a man was sleeping -Killed him instantly -Had some accidents with Thompson submachine guns (00:57:36) Discipline Issues -Never had any problems with theft -Never heard of any black market activity -Never bought any food, alcohol, or souvenirs from civilians -Everyone was focused on doing their jobs (00:58:20) End of the War -Got up to the Rhine River in early spring 1945 -Crossed on a pontoon bridge -Didn't see many prisoners of war or displaced persons until the war was basically over -Displaced persons were shabby looking, but otherwise healthy -Mostly refugees from Eastern Europe and Germany heading west -On May 5, 1945 they were in Monchengladbach, Germany -Had been liberated by the 29th Infantry Division -Found an intact wine cellar -Next day transported the 29th Infantry Division south -Stopped in a small town that had been a summer resort before the war -Headquarters was set up in one of the resort buildings -Got to sleep in a building and in a soft bed -Crossed the Elbe River for a couple hours then received orders to go back -In Gross Rosenburg from April 22, 1945 to May 10, 1945 -There on May 8, 1945 when Germany surrendered (01:04:14) Post-War Occupation Duty -On May 10 drove down to Schlitz -Lived in houses -Stayed there for a while -Some men qualified to go home -He was reassigned to the 203rd (or 207th) Field Artillery Battalion -Spent two or three weeks with them -Could visit the town that they were in -Saw USO Shows and go to the Red Cross station -Guarding an ammunition depot -Relaxing duty (01:08:15) Coming Home and End of Service -Moved down to Reims, France �-Drove to Lyon -Then took trains to the Mediterranean coast of France -Boarded a Victory Ship in Marseilles on October 12, 1945 -Spent most of his time in his bunk -One of his friends was doing KP duty, so he would bring Bernard ice cream -Had good weather on the voyage back to the United States -Arrived in Norfolk, Virginia -Sent to Camp Patrick Henry, Virginia -Spent a few days there -Sent up to Fort Indiantown Gap, Pennsylvania -Discharged from there on October 31, 1945 (01:11:01) Life after the War -Went to Aquinas College in Grand Rapids, Michigan on the GI Bill -Had a girlfriend that lived in Grand Rapids -Visited her and then enrolled for the winter 1946 semester at Aquinas -Went to the University of Notre Dame Graduate School and got a master of arts in philosophy -Taught philosophy for the rest of his life -Taught at a Catholic college in Oklahoma -Too difficult because there wasn't a very large Catholic population -Taught at Mercy College in Detroit -Taught at Aquinas College in Grand Rapids, Michigan -Taught at Grand Rapids Community College in Grand Rapids, Michigan -Did that for eighteen years (01:13:20) Reflections on Service -Taught him that he didn't want to be an engineer -Learned to take things slowly and calmly -Grew up (01:13:57) Vietnam War -Didn't see much anti-war activity at the colleges he taught at during the Vietnam War -Knew young men were fleeing to Canada -Colleges he taught at weren't hotbeds of anti-war activity � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Veterans History Project Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Grand Valley State University. History Department Description An account of the resource The Library of Congress established the Veterans History Project in 2001 to collect memories, accounts, and documents of U.S. war veterans from World War II and the Korean War, Vietnam War, and conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, and to preserve these stories for future generations. The GVSU History Department interviews are part of this work-in-progress, and may contain videos and audio recordings, transcripts and interview outlines, and related documents and photographs. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1914- Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Afghan War, 2001--Personal narratives, American Iran Hostage Crisis, 1979-1981--Personal narratives, American Korean War, 1950-1953--Personal narratives, American Michigan--History, Military Oral history Persian Gulf War, 1991--Personal narratives, American United States--History, Military United States. Air Force United States. Army United States. Navy Veterans Video recordings Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James Boring, Frank Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27 Language A language of the resource eng Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project interviews (RHC-27)</a> Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RHC-27_DePrimoB1768V Title A name given to the resource DePrimo, Bernard (Interview outline and video), 2015 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015-05-20 Description An account of the resource Bernard DePrimo was born in 1924 in Jefferson County, Pennsylvania. He grew up in Detroit, Michigan and in early 1943 he was drafted. In March 1943 he began training at Camp Davis, North Carolina with the 430th Anti Aircraft Artillery Battalion. He received communication training and artillery training at Camp Davis and Fort Fisher until it was time to go overseas. He left the United States on October 22, 1943 bound for England and stayed there with the 430th until June 8, 1944. Over the course of 1944 and into 1945 he and the 430th advanced across France protecting Allied ground forces from the German Luftwaffe. He was also attached to the 110th Field Artillery Battalion driving trucks as part of the Red Ball Express, transporting supplies and later German and Allied prisoners of war and displaced persons. After the war ended on May 8, 1945 he was reassigned to the 203rd (or 207th) Field Artillery Battalion and stayed with them for the rest of his time in Europe. On October 12, 1945 he left Europe and on October 31, 1945 he was discharged from the Army at Fort Indiantown Gap, Pennsylvania. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DePrimo, Bernard Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Smither, James (Interviewer) Subject The topic of the resource Oral history Veterans History Project (U.S.) United States--History, Military Veterans Video recordings World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, American United States. Army Type The nature or genre of the resource Moving Image Text Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://gvsu.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/2/resources/455">Veterans History Project collection, (RHC-27)</a> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/">In Copyright</a> Relation A related resource Veterans History Project (U.S.) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University Libraries. Allendale, Michigan Language A language of the resource eng Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource application/pdf video/mp4 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/3c930eacd2f5cba07ba7b6e2f973a203.jpg 265e727f3e070fe1d5c29d773a1c95da https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/5ee717e7442419056ce8d4f4b74a3abb.jpg 8c8806b8e1fc9cb5794e182a25adaaf8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Insel-Bücherei Series Description An account of the resource The German publishing company Insel Verlag was founded in 1899 by Anton Kippenberg in Leipzig. In its early years the firm only printed expensive, beautifully-produced volumes, until demand led to the publication of the more modest Insel-Bücherei series in 1912. Relatively inexpensive but with the same careful sense of design and typography, these smaller-format books reprinted shorter works from a variety of German, European, and world authors. The series numbers considerably more than a thousand titles and is still being issued. The Digital Collection contains the scanned covers of 140 titles held by Grand Valley State University Libraries. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1904-1987 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-05 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource ger Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09-29 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-05_IB0400a Title A name given to the resource Der Ausgewählten Gedichte Erster Teil Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1951 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09-29 Description An account of the resource Cover of Der Ausgewählten Gedichte Erster Teil, by Rainer Maria Rilke, published by Insel-Verlag, 1951. Insel-Bücherei Nr. 400 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books. Insel-Bücherei. Z315.I5 B83 no.400 Language A language of the resource de Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/91493e82dee746b2c60cec09e3fc3b60.jpg 34269328924fa5fc26eb333707a1c392 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/d36d6c5ecd73813ceec8e53c5079c6ce.jpg 9d3012c54c746acb6737be2e93acbf95 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Insel-Bücherei Series Description An account of the resource The German publishing company Insel Verlag was founded in 1899 by Anton Kippenberg in Leipzig. In its early years the firm only printed expensive, beautifully-produced volumes, until demand led to the publication of the more modest Insel-Bücherei series in 1912. Relatively inexpensive but with the same careful sense of design and typography, these smaller-format books reprinted shorter works from a variety of German, European, and world authors. The series numbers considerably more than a thousand titles and is still being issued. The Digital Collection contains the scanned covers of 140 titles held by Grand Valley State University Libraries. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1904-1987 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-05 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource ger Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09-29 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-05_IB0400b Title A name given to the resource Der Ausgewählten Gedichte Erster Teil Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09-29 Description An account of the resource Cover of Der Ausgewählten Gedichte Erster Teil, by Rainer Maria Rilke, published by Insel-Verlag. Insel-Bücherei Nr. 400 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books. Insel-Bücherei. Z315.I5 B83 no.400 Language A language of the resource de Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/2b306b9178a0e617ab336c772c79fbdb.jpg 1024913ddab6e7ee78719f34f1dee3d6 https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/a107c624b3c2a99f2ec98d1f3373d773.jpg 6a753e381067b92e3b5d6fa1f1c725ff Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Insel-Bücherei Series Description An account of the resource The German publishing company Insel Verlag was founded in 1899 by Anton Kippenberg in Leipzig. In its early years the firm only printed expensive, beautifully-produced volumes, until demand led to the publication of the more modest Insel-Bücherei series in 1912. Relatively inexpensive but with the same careful sense of design and typography, these smaller-format books reprinted shorter works from a variety of German, European, and world authors. The series numbers considerably more than a thousand titles and is still being issued. The Digital Collection contains the scanned covers of 140 titles held by Grand Valley State University Libraries. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1904-1987 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-05 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource ger Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09-29 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-05_IB0565 Title A name given to the resource Der Elisabethschrein in Marburg Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</A> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1953 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09-29 Description An account of the resource Cover of Der Elisabethschrein in Marburg, by Erika Dinkler-von Schubert, published by Insel-Verlag, 1953. Insel-Bücherei Nr. 565 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books. Insel-Bücherei. Z315.I5 B83 no.565 Language A language of the resource de Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/844bcbbfef15fb258ceed824fbf0dfcb.jpg 840af991f94e053ce1c6d855865ea07b https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/files/original/fcfd6ef05896d71001983e2d7ed1066d.jpg 29827b67046433ec53d83facc0787775 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Insel-Bücherei Series Description An account of the resource The German publishing company Insel Verlag was founded in 1899 by Anton Kippenberg in Leipzig. In its early years the firm only printed expensive, beautifully-produced volumes, until demand led to the publication of the more modest Insel-Bücherei series in 1912. Relatively inexpensive but with the same careful sense of design and typography, these smaller-format books reprinted shorter works from a variety of German, European, and world authors. The series numbers considerably more than a thousand titles and is still being issued. The Digital Collection contains the scanned covers of 140 titles held by Grand Valley State University Libraries. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1904-1987 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books Collection Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Special Collections & University Archives Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-05 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpg Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Language A language of the resource ger Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09-29 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DC-05_IB0987 Title A name given to the resource Der goldne Topf: ein Märchen aus der neuen Zeit Subject The topic of the resource Book covers Covers (Illustration) Graphic arts Publishers and publishing Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <a href="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en">In Copyright</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource Image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/jpeg Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1974 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017-09-29 Description An account of the resource Cover of Der goldne Topf: ein Märchen aus der neuen Zeit, by E.T.A. Hoffmann, published by Insel-Verlag, 1974. Insel-Bücherei Nr. 987 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Seidman Rare Books. Insel-Bücherei. Z315.I5 B83 no.987 Language A language of the resource de Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Grand Valley State University. University Libraries. Lemmen Library and Archives